Communication

523 relations: Abductin, Acetoacetate decarboxylase, Acetylation, ACTG1, Actin, Active site, Adrenal gland, Adrenaline, Aeromonas salmonicida, Agmatidine, Ajinomoto, Alan R. Battersby, Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+), Alitame, Alkaloid, Alkaptonuria, Alpha helix, Alpha-Endorphin, Alpha-keratin, Alpha-Neoendorphin, Amidase, Amine oxidase (copper-containing), Amino acid, Amino acid dating, Amino acid synthesis, AMPA receptor, Amphetamine, Amphipathic lipid packing sensor motifs, Amygdalin, Androgen receptor, ANKRD24, Antamanide, Anthocyanin, Anti-inflammatory, AP endonuclease, APP-FUBINACA, Aralkylamine dehydrogenase (azurin), Arndt–Eistert reaction, ARNTL, Arogenate dehydratase, Aromatase deficiency, Aromatic amino acid, Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, Aromatic-amino-acid transaminase, Aromaticity, Aromatization, Aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase, Aspartame, Aspartate—phenylpyruvate transaminase, ATC code V06, ..., Atropine, Attenuator (genetics), Autofluorescence, Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, B5 protein domain, Bacterial Leucine Transporter, BAFF receptor, Ball and chain inactivation, Bcr-Abl tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, Beauvericin, Benserazide, Benzyl cyanide, Berocca, Beta sheet, Beta-2-Thienylalanine, Beta-Endorphin, Beta-Neoendorphin, Biochemistry, Biological value, Biology of depression, Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase, Biosynthesis, Biosynthesis of cocaine, Biphalin, Blastocrithidia nuclear code, Bortezomib, Bradykinin, BRAF (gene), Breath Savers, BSD domain, C15orf52, C21orf58, C21orf62, C6orf58, C8orf46, C9H11NO2, Calpain, Carambola, Caramboxin, Carboxypeptidase, Cat food, Catechin, Catechol oxidase, Catecholamine, Cation–pi interaction, CCK-4, CCR5 receptor antagonist, CD19, Cell-free protein synthesis, Ceramide kinase, Channel blocker, Cholecystokinin, Chorismate mutase, Chorismate synthase, Chorismic acid, Chymosin, Chymotrypsin, Ciliate, dasycladacean and hexamita nuclear code, Cinnamaldehyde, Cinnamic acid, Claisen rearrangement, Clinical urine tests, Coenzyme Q10, Coffee bean, COL4A3BP, Colestyramine, Collagen, Common descent, Complete protein, Complex vertebral malformation, Condylostoma nuclear code, Conservative replacement, Coomassie Brilliant Blue, Coumaroyl-CoA, Cranio–lenticulo–sutural dysplasia, Curcumin, Cyanidin, CYP2D6, Cystic fibrosis, Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, D-amino-acid N-acetyltransferase, D-amino-acid transaminase, DAHP synthase, Decarboxylation, Deinococcus marmoris, Diet drink, Diguanylate cyclase, Dihydrobiopterin reductase, Dihydrofolate reductase, Diphenylalanine, Discovery and development of ACE inhibitors, Discovery and development of angiotensin receptor blockers, Discovery and development of antiandrogens, Discovery and development of cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors, Discovery and development of HIV-protease inhibitors, Discovery and development of triptans, Dispase, DNA methyltransferase, Dominance (genetics), Dopamine, Dopaminergic, DPA, Dyskeratosis congenita, Echinoderm and flatworm mitochondrial code, Eclipse (breath freshener), Edible protein per unit area of land, Edotreotide, EGR1, Elastin-like polypeptides, Electron ionization, ELFV dehydrogenase, Emil Erlenmeyer, Enfuvirtide, Enkephalinase inhibitor, Enterobacteriaceae, Enzyme, Epimerox, Episodic ataxia, EPSP synthase, Ergoline, Ergoloid, Ergotamine, Erlenmeyer–Plöchl azlactone and amino-acid synthesis, Ernst Schulze (chemist), Erythrose 4-phosphate, Esculentin-2CHa, Essential amino acid, Establishment of sister chromatid cohesion, Evelyn Hickmans, Exopeptidase inhibitor, EZH2, F (disambiguation), Fabaceae, Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase, FARSB, FASTA format, Fine chemical, Fisetin, Flavonoid biosynthesis, Floral scent, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Formate C-acetyltransferase, Fullerene, Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase, Gabapentin, Gabapentinoid, Galantamine total synthesis, GCHFR, Genetic code, Genetically modified crops, Genetically modified soybean, Genetics, Gliotoxin, Glossary of chemical formulas, Glucagon, Glucogenic amino acid, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, Glucosinolate, GLUT4, Glutamate—prephenate aminotransferase, Glutamine N-phenylacetyltransferase, Glutamine—phenylpyruvate transaminase, Glutelin, Glycine N-benzoyltransferase, Glycophorin C, Glyphosate, Gramicidin, Gramicidin S, GSTZ1, Gunnerales, GYF domain, Haladaptatus paucihalophilus, Heliconius erato, Herbicide, HgeTx1, Hippurate hydrolase, Histidinol-phosphate transaminase, Homochirality, Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, Homogentisic acid, Honey, Human mitochondrial genetics, Hydnum repandum, Hydrophobic effect, Hydroxyl radical, Hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase, Hyoscine, Hyoscyamine, Hyperphenylalaninemia, Immune-selective anti-inflammatory derivative, Immunogenicity, Importin, Index of biochemistry articles, Index of genetics articles, Indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase, Indomie, Insect based pet food, Insertion reaction, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Invertebrate mitochondrial code, Isoflavones, Isomerase, Ivar Asbjørn Følling, Ixazomib, ΔF508, J. 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Phenylalanine adenylyltransferase, Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, Phenylalanine decarboxylase, Phenylalanine dehydrogenase, Phenylalanine hydroxylase, Phenylalanine N-acetyltransferase, Phenylalanine racemase (ATP-hydrolysing), Phenylalanine(histidine) transaminase, Phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase, Phenylalanine—tRNA ligase, Phenylketonuria, Phenylpropanoid, Phenylpropanoids metabolism, Phenylpyruvate decarboxylase, Phenylpyruvate tautomerase, Phenylpyruvic acid, Phenyltropane, Phi value analysis, Phosphoenolpyruvic acid, Phospholipase A2, Phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase, Pigeon pea, Pisatin, PKC alpha, Plant secondary metabolism, Plant–fungus horizontal gene transfer, Plasmepsin, Platelet-derived growth factor receptor, Pleconaril, Pleiotropy, Polyphenol, Poneratoxin, Post-translational modification, Powerade, Pregabalin, Prephenic acid, PreQ1 riboswitch, Prolyl isomerase, Protein (nutrient), Protein design, Protein metabolism, Protein primary structure, Protein quality, Protein secondary structure, Proteinogenic amino acid, Proteolysis, Protide, Psilocybe semilanceata, Pterobranchia mitochondrial code, Pulvinone, PX-2, QDPR, Quercetin, Racecadotril, RB-101, Red rain in Kerala, Rhizomucor pusillus, Ribonuclease inhibitor, Ribozyme, RNA Tie Club, Robert Guthrie, RRNA endonuclease, Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus, Salicylic acid, Secretin, Segawa Syndrome, Selective progesterone receptor modulator, Serine dehydratase, Serine protease, Seymour Ehrenpreis, SH2B3, Shikimate dehydrogenase, Shikimate kinase, Shikimate pathway, Shikimic acid, Signal peptide peptidase, SKI protein, Skin whitening, Smart drink, Smint, SOGA2, Solriamfetol, Spirulina (dietary supplement), Sporopollenin, Sprite Zero, St. Augustine Monster, STAT5A, Strep-tag, Strobilurus tenacellus, Substance P, Sugar substitute, Sulcia muelleri, Surfactant protein B, SV40 large T antigen, Synonymous substitution, Tachykinin peptides, Tachykinin receptor 1, TATA box, TATA-binding protein, Teixobactin, TERF2, Testin, Tetrahydrobiopterin, Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency, The mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma code, Thermolysin, Threonine ammonia-lyase, TMCO4, Tolumonas auensis, Trace amine-associated receptor, Trans-cinnamate 2-monooxygenase, Trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase, Trans-Golgi network vesicle protein 23 A, Transferase, Trp operon, Tryptophan 7-halogenase, Tryptophan—phenylpyruvate transaminase, Tyrosine, Tyrosine aminotransferase, Tyrosinemia, Umbellic acid, Umbelliferone, Uremia, Urotensin II-related peptide, Urotensin-II, Urticaria pigmentosa, UUC, UUU, Vasopressin, Vasotocin, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Vertebrate mitochondrial code, Very short patch repair, Vosoritide, William Lipscomb, Wiswesser line notation, Wobble base pair, Wybutosine, X-Trp aminopeptidase, Xanthohumol, YadA bacterial adhesin protein domain, Yeast mitochondrial code, (R)-4-hydroxyphenyllactate dehydrogenase, 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 2-coumarate reductase, 2-enoate reductase, 2-oxopent-4-enoate hydratase, 2001 anthrax attacks, 3-carboxyethylcatechol 2,3-dioxygenase, 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase, 3-dehydroquinate synthase, 3-Dehydroquinic acid, 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase, 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, 5 (gum), 5-hour Energy, 5-HT2C receptor agonist, 5-Hydroxyferulic acid, 7 Up. 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Abductin

Abductin is a natural elastic protein that is found in the hinge ligament of bivalve mollusks.

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Acetoacetate decarboxylase

Acetoacetate decarboxylase (AAD or ADC) is an enzyme involved in both the ketone body production pathway in humans and other mammals, and solventogenesis in bacteria.

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Acetylation

Acetylation (or in IUPAC nomenclature ethanoylation) describes a reaction that introduces an acetyl functional group into a chemical compound.

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ACTG1

Gamma-actin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTG1 gene.

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Actin

Actin is a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments.

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Active site

In biology, the active site is the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

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Adrenal gland

The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol.

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Adrenaline

Adrenaline, also known as adrenalin or epinephrine, is a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication.

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Aeromonas salmonicida

Aeromonas salmonicida is a pathogenic bacterium that severely impacts salmonid populations and other species.

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Agmatidine

Agmatidine (2-agmatinylcytidine, symbol C+ or agm2C) is a modified cytidine present in the wobble position of the anticodon of several archaeal AUA decoding tRNAs.

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Ajinomoto

is a Japanese food and chemical corporation which produces seasonings, cooking oils, TV dinners, sweeteners, amino acids, and pharmaceuticals.

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Alan R. Battersby

Sir Alan Rushton Battersby (4 March 1925 – 10 February 2018) was an English organic chemist best known for his work to define the chemical intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway to vitamin B12 and the reaction mechanisms of the enzymes involved.

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Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+)

In enzymology, an aldehyde dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 4 substrates of this enzyme are aldehyde, NAD+, NADP+, and H2O, whereas its 4 products are acid, NADH, NADPH, and H+.

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Alitame

Alitame is an aspartic acid-containing dipeptide sweetener.

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Alkaloid

Alkaloids are a class of naturally occurring chemical compounds that mostly contain basic nitrogen atoms.

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Alkaptonuria

Alkaptonuria is a rare inherited genetic disorder in which the body cannot process the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine, which occur in protein.

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Alpha helix

The alpha helix (α-helix) is a common motif in the secondary structure of proteins and is a righthand-spiral conformation (i.e. helix) in which every backbone N−H group donates a hydrogen bond to the backbone C.

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Alpha-Endorphin

α-Endorphin is an endogenous opioid peptide with a length of 16 amino acids, and the amino acid sequence: Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr.

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Alpha-keratin

Alpha-keratin, or α-keratin, is a type of keratin found in mammals. This protein is the primary component in hairs, horns, nails and the epidermis layer of the skin.

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Alpha-Neoendorphin

α-Neoendorphin is an endogenous opioid peptide with a decapeptide structure and the amino acid sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Lys-Tyr-Pro-Lys.

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Amidase

In enzymology, an amidase (acylamidase, acylase (misleading), amidohydrolase (ambiguous), deaminase (ambiguous), fatty acylamidase, N-acetylaminohydrolase (ambiguous)) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an amide: Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are monocarboxylic acid amide and H2O, whereas its two products are monocarboxylate and NH3.

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Amine oxidase (copper-containing)

Amine oxidase (copper-containing) (AOC) (and; formerly) is a family of amine oxidase enzymes which includes both primary-amine oxidase and diamine oxidase; these enzymes catalyze the oxidation of a wide range of biogenic amines including many neurotransmitters, histamine and xenobiotic amines.

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Amino acid

Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.

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Amino acid dating

Amino acid dating is a dating technique used to estimate the age of a specimen in paleobiology, molecular paleontology, archaeology, forensic science, taphonomy, sedimentary geology and other fields.

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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds.

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AMPA receptor

The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (also known as AMPA receptor, AMPAR, or quisqualate receptor) is an ionotropic transmembrane receptor for glutamate that mediates fast synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS).

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Amphetamine

Amphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity.

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Amphipathic lipid packing sensor motifs

'''Amphipathic''' Lipid Packing Sensor (ALPS) motifs were first identified in 2007 in ARFGAP1 and have been reviewed.

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Amygdalin

Amygdalin (from Ancient Greek: ἀμυγδαλή amygdálē "almond") is a naturally occurring chemical compound, famous for falsely being promoted as a cancer cure.

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Androgen receptor

The androgen receptor (AR), also known as NR3C4 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 4), is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by binding any of the androgenic hormones, including testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the cytoplasm and then translocating into the nucleus.

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ANKRD24

Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 24 is a protein in humans that is coded for by the ANKRD24 gene.

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Antamanide

Antamanide is a cyclic decapeptide isolated from a fungus, the death cap: Amanita phalloides.

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Anthocyanin

Anthocyanins (also anthocyans; from Greek: ἄνθος (anthos) "flower" and κυάνεος/κυανοῦς kyaneos/kyanous "dark blue") are water-soluble vacuolar pigments that, depending on their pH, may appear red, purple, or blue.

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Anti-inflammatory

Anti-inflammatory, or antiinflammatory, refers to the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation or swelling.

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AP endonuclease

Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease is an enzyme that is involved in the DNA base excision repair pathway (BER).

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APP-FUBINACA

APP-FUBINACA is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that has been sold online as a designer drug.

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Aralkylamine dehydrogenase (azurin)

Aralkylamine dehydrogenase (azurin) (aromatic amine dehydrogenase, arylamine dehydrogenase, tyramine dehydrogenase) is an enzyme with the systematic name aralkylamine:azurin oxidoreductase (deaminating).

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Arndt–Eistert reaction

The Arndt–Eistert synthesis is a series of chemical reactions designed to convert a carboxylic acid to a higher carboxylic acid homologue (i.e. contains one additional carbon atom) and is considered a homologation process.

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ARNTL

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 is protein that in humans is encoded by the ARNTL gene, also known as BMAL1, MOP3, and, less commonly, BHLHE5, BMAL, BMAL1C, JAP3, PASD3, and TIC.

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Arogenate dehydratase

Arogenate dehydratase (ADT) (EC 4.2.1.91) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, L-arogenate, but 3 products:L-phenylalanine, H2O, and CO2.

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Aromatase deficiency

Aromatase deficiency is a very rare condition characterised by the extremely low or absence of the enzyme aromatase activity in the body.

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Aromatic amino acid

An aromatic amino acid (AAA) is an amino acid that includes an aromatic ring.

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Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC or AAAD), also known as DOPA decarboxylase (DDC), tryptophan decarboxylase, and 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase, is a lyase enzyme.

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Aromatic-amino-acid transaminase

In enzymology, an aromatic-amino-acid transaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are aromatic amino acid and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are aromatic oxo acid and L-glutamate.

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Aromaticity

In organic chemistry, the term aromaticity is used to describe a cyclic (ring-shaped), planar (flat) molecule with a ring of resonance bonds that exhibits more stability than other geometric or connective arrangements with the same set of atoms.

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Aromatization

Aromatization is a chemical reaction in which an aromatic system is formed.

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Aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase

In enzymology, an aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are aromatic alcohol and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are aromatic aldehyde, NADH, and H+.

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Aspartame

Aspartame (APM) is an artificial non-saccharide sweetener used as a sugar substitute in some foods and beverages.

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Aspartate—phenylpyruvate transaminase

In enzymology, an aspartate-phenylpyruvate transaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-aspartate and phenylpyruvate, whereas its two products are oxaloacetate and L-phenylalanine.

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ATC code V06

V06.

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Atropine

Atropine is a medication to treat certain types of nerve agent and pesticide poisonings as well as some types of slow heart rate and to decrease saliva production during surgery.

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Attenuator (genetics)

Attenuation (in genetics) is a proposed mechanism of control in some bacterial operons which results in premature termination of transcription and is based on the fact that, in bacteria, transcription and translation proceed simultaneously.

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Autofluorescence

Autofluorescence is the natural emission of light by biological structures such as mitochondria and lysosomes when they have absorbed light, and is used to distinguish the light originating from artificially added fluorescent markers (fluorophores).

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Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy

Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is an epileptic disorder that causes frequent violent seizures during sleep.

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B5 protein domain

In molecular biology, Domain B5 is found in phenylalanine-tRNA synthetase beta subunits.

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Bacterial Leucine Transporter

Bacterial Leucine Transporter (LeuT) is a bundled twelve alpha helix protein which belongs to the family of transporters that shuttle amino acids in and out of bacterial cells.

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BAFF receptor

BAFF receptor (B-cell activating factor receptor, BAFF-R), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13C (TNFRSF13C) and BLyS receptor 3 (BR3), is a membrane protein of the TNF receptor superfamily which recognizes BAFF.

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Ball and chain inactivation

In neuroscience, ball and chain inactivation is a model to explain the fast inactivation mechanism of voltage-gated ion channels.

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Bcr-Abl tyrosine-kinase inhibitor

Bcr-Abl tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKI) are the first-line therapy for most patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).

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Beauvericin

Beauvericin is a depsipeptide with antibiotic and insecticidal effects belonging to the enniatin family.

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Benserazide

Benserazide (also called Serazide or Ro 4-4602) is a peripherally-acting aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) or DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor, which is unable to cross the blood–brain barrier.

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Benzyl cyanide

Benzyl cyanide (abbreviated BnCN) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH2CN.

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Berocca

Berocca is a brand of effervescent drink and vitamin tablets containing B vitamins and vitamin C. Berocca is available in a number of countries worldwide.

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Beta sheet

The β-sheet (also β-pleated sheet) is a common motif of regular secondary structure in proteins.

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Beta-2-Thienylalanine

β-2-Thienylalanine is an amino acid containing a thiophene side chain.

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Beta-Endorphin

β-Endorphin is an endogenous opioid neuropeptide and peptide hormone that is produced in certain neurons within the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

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Beta-Neoendorphin

β-Neoendorphin is an endogenous opioid peptide with a nonapeptide structure and the amino acid sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Lys-Tyr-Pro.

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Biochemistry

Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.

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Biological value

Biological value (BV) is a measure of the proportion of absorbed protein from a food which becomes incorporated into the proteins of the organism's body.

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Biology of depression

Scientific studies have found that numerous brain areas show altered activity in patients suffering from depression, and this has encouraged advocates of various theories that seek to identify a biochemical origin of the disease, as opposed to theories that emphasize psychological or situational causes.

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Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase

Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylases (AAAH) are a family of aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes which includes phenylalanine 4-hydroxylase, tyrosine 3-hydroxylase, and tryptophan 5-hydroxylase.

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Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis (also called anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms.

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Biosynthesis of cocaine

The first synthesis and elucidation of the cocaine molecule was by Richard Willstätter in 1898.

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Biphalin

Biphalin is a dimeric enkephalin endogenous peptide (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH)2 composed of two tetrapeptides derived from enkephalins, connected 'tail-to-tail' by a hydrazide bridge.

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Blastocrithidia nuclear code

The Blastocrithidia nuclear code (translation table 31) is a genetic code used by the nuclear genome of the trypanosomatid Blastocrithidia.

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Bortezomib

Bortezomib (BAN, INN and USAN; marketed as Velcade by Takeda Oncology; Chemobort by Cytogen and Bortecad by Cadila Healthcare) is an anti-cancer drug and the first therapeutic proteasome inhibitor to be used in humans.

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Bradykinin

Bradykinin is an inflammatory mediator.

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BRAF (gene)

BRAF is a human gene that encodes a protein called B-Raf.

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Breath Savers

Breath Savers is a brand of mint manufactured by the Hershey Company.

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BSD domain

In molecular biology, the BSD domain is an approximately 60-amino-acid-long protein domain named after the BTF2-like transcription factors, synapse-associated proteins and DOS2-like proteins in which it is found.

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C15orf52

Chromosome 15 open reading frame 52 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the C15orf52 gene.

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C21orf58

Chromosome 21 Open Reading Frame 58 (C21orf58) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C21orf58 gene.

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C21orf62

C21orf62 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the C21orf62 gene.

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C6orf58

C6orf58 is a humangene located at locus 6q22.33 of chromosome 6 and encodes for UPF0762, a protein which is subsequently secreted after cleavage of a signal peptide.

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C8orf46

Chromosome 8 open reading frame 46 (C8orf46) is a protein coding gene, which in humans is located along the forward strand of chromosome 8.

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C9H11NO2

The molecular formula C9H11NO2 (molar mass: 165.18 g/mol, exact mass: 165.078979) may refer to.

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Calpain

A calpain is a protein belonging to the family of calcium-dependent, non-lysosomal cysteine proteases (proteolytic enzymes) expressed ubiquitously in mammals and many other organisms.

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Carambola

Carambola, or starfruit, is the fruit of Averrhoa carambola, a species of tree native to Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam, Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, and Seychelles.

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Caramboxin

Caramboxin (CBX) is a toxin found in star fruit (Averrhoa carambola)). Individuals with some types of kidney disease are susceptible to adverse neurological effects including intoxication, seizures and even death after eating star fruit. Caramboxin has been identified as the neurotoxin responsible for these effects. Caramboxin is a non-proteinogenic amino acid that stimulates the glutamate receptors in neurons. Its chemical structure is similar to the amino acid phenylalanine. Caramboxin is an agonist of both NMDA and AMPA glutamatergic ionotropic receptors with potent excitatory, convulsant, and neurodegenerative properties.

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Carboxypeptidase

A carboxypeptidase (EC number 3.4.16 - 3.4.18) is a protease enzyme that hydrolyzes (cleaves) a peptide bond at the carboxy-terminal (C-terminal) end of a protein or peptide.

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Cat food

Cat food is food for consumption by cats.

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Catechin

Catechin is a flavan-3-ol, a type of natural phenol and antioxidant.

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Catechol oxidase

Catechol oxidase is a copper oxidase that contains a type 3 di-copper cofactor and catalyzes the oxidation of ortho-diphenols into ortho-quinones coupled with the reduction of molecular oxygen to water.

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Catecholamine

A catecholamine (CA) is a monoamine, an organic compound that has a catechol (benzene with two hydroxyl side groups at carbons 1 and 2) and a side-chain amine.

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Cation–pi interaction

Cation–π interaction is a noncovalent molecular interaction between the face of an electron-rich π system (e.g. benzene, ethylene, acetylene) and an adjacent cation (e.g. Li+, Na+).

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CCK-4

Cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK-4, Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2) is a peptide fragment derived from the larger peptide hormone cholecystokinin.

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CCR5 receptor antagonist

CCR5 receptor antagonists are a class of small molecules that antagonize the CCR5 receptor.

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CD19

B-lymphocyte antigen CD19, also known as CD19 molecule ('''C'''luster of '''D'''ifferentiation 19), B-Lymphocyte Surface Antigen B4, T-Cell Surface Antigen Leu-12 and CVID3 is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the gene CD19.

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Cell-free protein synthesis

Cell-free protein synthesis, also known as in vitro protein synthesis or CFPS, is the production of protein using biological machinery in a cell-free system, that is, without the use of living cells.

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Ceramide kinase

In enzymology, a ceramide kinase, also abbreviated as CERK, is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and ceramide, whereas its two products are ADP and ceramide-1-phosphate.

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Channel blocker

A channel blocker is the biological mechanism in which a particular molecule is used to prevent the opening of ion channels in order to produce a physiological response in a cell.

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Cholecystokinin

Cholecystokinin (CCK or CCK-PZ; from Greek chole, "bile"; cysto, "sac"; kinin, "move"; hence, move the bile-sac (gallbladder)) is a peptide hormone of the gastrointestinal system responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein.

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Chorismate mutase

In enzymology, chorismate mutase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction for the conversion of chorismate to prephenate in the pathway to the production of phenylalanine and tyrosine, also known as the shikimate pathway.

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Chorismate synthase

In enzymology, a chorismate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate, and two products, chorismate and phosphate.

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Chorismic acid

Chorismic acid, more commonly known as its anionic form chorismate, is an important biochemical intermediate in plants and microorganisms.

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Chymosin

Chymosin or rennin is a protease found in rennet.

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Chymotrypsin

Chymotrypsin (chymotrypsins A and B, alpha-chymar ophth, avazyme, chymar, chymotest, enzeon, quimar, quimotrase, alpha-chymar, alpha-chymotrypsin A, alpha-chymotrypsin) is a digestive enzyme component of pancreatic juice acting in the duodenum, where it performs proteolysis, the breakdown of proteins and polypeptides.

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Ciliate, dasycladacean and hexamita nuclear code

The ciliate, dasycladacean and hexamita nuclear code (translation table 6) is a genetic code used by certain ciliate, dasycladacean and hexamita species.

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Cinnamaldehyde

Cinnamaldehyde is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CH.

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Cinnamic acid

Cinnamic acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CHCHCO2H.

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Claisen rearrangement

The Claisen rearrangement (not to be confused with the Claisen condensation) is a powerful carbon–carbon bond-forming chemical reaction discovered by Rainer Ludwig Claisen.

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Clinical urine tests

Clinical urine tests are various tests of urine for diagnostic purposes.

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Coenzyme Q10

Coenzyme Q10, also known as ubiquinone, ubidecarenone, coenzyme Q, and abbreviated at times to CoQ10, CoQ, or Q10 is a coenzyme that is ubiquitous in animals and most bacteria (hence the name ubiquinone).

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Coffee bean

A coffee bean is a seed of the coffee plant and the source for coffee.

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COL4A3BP

Collagen type IV alpha-3-binding protein, also known as ceramide transfer protein (CERT) or StAR-related lipid transfer protein 11 (STARD11) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL4A3BP gene.

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Colestyramine

Colestyramine (INN) or cholestyramine (USAN) (trade names Questran, Questran Light, Cholybar, Olestyr) is a bile acid sequestrant, which binds bile in the gastrointestinal tract to prevent its reabsorption.

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Collagen

Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular space in the various connective tissues in animal bodies.

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Common descent

Common descent describes how, in evolutionary biology, a group of organisms share a most recent common ancestor.

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Complete protein

A complete protein (or whole protein) is a source of protein that contains an adequate proportion of all nine of the essential amino acids necessary for the dietary needs of an organism.

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Complex vertebral malformation

Complex vertebral malformation or CVM is a lethal hereditary syndrome found in Holstein cattle.

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Condylostoma nuclear code

The Condylostoma nuclear code (translation table 28) is a genetic code used by the nuclear genome of the heterotrich ciliate Condylostoma magnum.

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Conservative replacement

A conservative replacement (also called a conservative mutation or a conservative substitution) is an amino acid replacement that changes a given amino acid to a different amino acid with similar biochemical properties (e.g. charge, hydrophobicity and size).

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Coomassie Brilliant Blue

Coomassie Brilliant Blue is the name of two similar triphenylmethane dyes that were developed for use in the textile industry but are now commonly used for staining proteins in analytical biochemistry.

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Coumaroyl-CoA

Coumaroyl-coenzyme A is a chemical compound found in plants.

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Cranio–lenticulo–sutural dysplasia

Cranio–lenticulo–sutural dysplasia (CLSD, or Boyadjiev-Jabs syndrome) is a neonatal/infancy disease caused by a disorder in the 14th chromosome.

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Curcumin

Curcumin is a bright yellow chemical produced by some plants.

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Cyanidin

Cyanidin is a natural organic compound.

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CYP2D6

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2D6 gene.

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Cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that affects mostly the lungs, but also the pancreas, liver, kidneys, and intestine.

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Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a membrane protein and chloride channel in vertebrates that is encoded by the CFTR gene.

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D-amino-acid N-acetyltransferase

In enzymology, a D-amino-acid N-acetyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and D-amino acid, whereas its two products are CoA and N-acetyl-D-amino acid.

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D-amino-acid transaminase

In enzymology, a D-amino-acid transaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are D-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are pyruvate and D-glutamate.

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DAHP synthase

3-Deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase is the first enzyme in a series of metabolic reactions known as the shikimate pathway, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of the amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan.

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Decarboxylation

Decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases carbon dioxide (CO2).

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Deinococcus marmoris

Deinococcus marmoris is a Gram-positive bacterium isolated from Antarctica.

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Diet drink

Diet (alternatively marketed as sugar-free, zero-calorie or low-calorie) drinks are sugar-free, artificially sweetened versions of fizzy beverages with virtually no calories.

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Diguanylate cyclase

In enzymology, diguanylate cyclase, also known as diguanylate kinase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: 2 Guanosine triphosphate ↔ 2 diphosphate + cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate The substrates of diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) are two molecules of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and the products are two molecules of diphosphate and one molecule of cyclic di-3’,5’-guanylate (cyclic di-GMP).

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Dihydrobiopterin reductase

Dihydrobiopterin reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible formation of tetrahydrobiopterin from dihydrobiopterin using NADPH.

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Dihydrofolate reductase

Dihydrofolate reductase, or DHFR, is an enzyme that reduces dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid, using NADPH as electron donor, which can be converted to the kinds of tetrahydrofolate cofactors used in 1-carbon transfer chemistry.

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Diphenylalanine

Diphenylalanine is a term that has recently been used to describe the unnatural amino acid similar to the two amino acids alanine and phenylalanine.

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Discovery and development of ACE inhibitors

The discovery of an orally inactive peptide from snake venom established the important role of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in regulating blood pressure.

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Discovery and development of angiotensin receptor blockers

The angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), also called angiotensin (AT1) receptor antagonists or sartans, are a group of antihypertensive drugs that act by blocking the effects of the hormone angiotensin II (Ang II) in the body, thereby lowering blood pressure.

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Discovery and development of antiandrogens

This article is about the discovery and development of antiandrogens, or androgen receptor (AR) antagonists.

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Discovery and development of cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors

Cyclooxygenases are enzymes that take part in a complex biosynthetic cascade that results in the conversion of polyunsaturated fatty acids to prostaglandins and thromboxane(s).

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Discovery and development of HIV-protease inhibitors

Many major physiological processes depend on regulation of proteolytic enzyme activity and there can be dramatic consequences when equilibrium between an enzyme and its substrates is disturbed.

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Discovery and development of triptans

Triptans is a word commonly used for a class of anti-migraine drugs that are selective 5-hydroxytryptamine/serotonin1B/1D (5-HT1B/1D) agonists.

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Dispase

Dispase is a protease which cleaves fibronectin, collagen IV, and to a lesser extent collagen I. It is found in some bacteria and can be isolated from culture filtrates of Bacillus polymyxa.

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DNA methyltransferase

In biochemistry, the DNA methyltransferase (DNA MTase) family of enzymes catalyze the transfer of a methyl group to DNA.

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Dominance (genetics)

Dominance in genetics is a relationship between alleles of one gene, in which the effect on phenotype of one allele masks the contribution of a second allele at the same locus.

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Dopamine

Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families that plays several important roles in the brain and body.

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Dopaminergic

Dopaminergic means "related to dopamine" (literally, "working on dopamine"), dopamine being a common neurotransmitter.

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DPA

DPA may refer to.

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Dyskeratosis congenita

Dyskeratosis congenita (DKC), also called Zinsser-Cole-Engman syndrome,James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005).

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Echinoderm and flatworm mitochondrial code

The echinoderm and flatworm mitochondrial code (translation table 9) is a genetic code used by the mitochondria of certain echinoderm and flatworm species.

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Eclipse (breath freshener)

Eclipse is a brand of chewing gum and breath mint, first introduced in the U.S. by the Wrigley Company in 1999 as its first entrant into the pellet gum segment.

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Edible protein per unit area of land

Edible protein per unit area of land is a measure of agricultural productivity.

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Edotreotide

Edotreotide (USAN, codenamed SMT487, also known as (DOTA0-Phe1-Tyr3)octreotide, or DOTATOC) is a substance which, when bound to various radionuclides, is used in the treatment and diagnosis of certain types of cancer.

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EGR1

EGR-1 (Early growth response protein 1) also known as Zif268 (zinc finger protein 225) or NGFI-A (nerve growth factor-induced protein A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EGR1 gene.

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Elastin-like polypeptides

Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are synthesized biopolymers that have become an area of interest for their potentially practical benefits.

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Electron ionization

Electron ionization (EI, formerly known as electron impact ionization and electron bombardment ionization) is an ionization method in which energetic electrons interact with solid or gas phase atoms or molecules to produce ions.

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ELFV dehydrogenase

In molecular biology, the ELFV dehydrogenase family of enzymes include glutamate, leucine, phenylalanine and valine dehydrogenases.

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Emil Erlenmeyer

Richard August Carl Emil Erlenmeyer, known in his own day and subsequently simply as Emil Erlenmeyer (28 June 1825 – 22 January 1909), was a German chemist known for contributing to the early development of the theory of structure, formulating the Erlenmeyer rule, and designing the Erlenmeyer flask, a type of chemical flask, which is named after him.

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Enfuvirtide

Enfuvirtide (INN) is an HIV fusion inhibitor, the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.

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Enkephalinase inhibitor

An enkephalinase inhibitor is a type of enzyme inhibitor which inhibits one or more members of the enkephalinase class of enzymes that break down the endogenous enkephalin opioid peptides.

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Enterobacteriaceae

The Enterobacteriaceae are a large family of Gram-negative bacteria.

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Enzyme

Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.

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Epimerox

Epimerox is an experimental broad-spectrum antibiotic compound being developed by scientists at the Rockefeller University and Astex Pharmaceuticals.

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Episodic ataxia

Episodic ataxia (EA) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by sporadic bouts of ataxia (severe discoordination) with or without myokymia (continuous muscle movement).

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EPSP synthase

5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase is an enzyme produced by plants and microorganisms.

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Ergoline

Ergoline derivatives comprise a diverse group of chemical compounds whose structural skeleton is the alkaloid ergoline.

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Ergoloid

Ergoloid mesylates (USAN), co-dergocrine mesilate (BAN) or dihydroergotoxine mesylate, trade name Hydergine, is a mixture of the methanesulfonate salts of three dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids (dihydroergocristine, dihydroergocornine, and alpha- and beta-dihydroergocryptine).

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Ergotamine

Ergotamine is an ergopeptine and part of the ergot family of alkaloids; it is structurally and biochemically closely related to ergoline.

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Erlenmeyer–Plöchl azlactone and amino-acid synthesis

The Erlenmeyer–Plöchl azlactone and amino acid synthesis, named after Friedrich Gustav Carl Emil Erlenmeyer who partly discovered the reaction, is a series of chemical reactions which transform an N-acyl glycine to various other amino acids via an oxazolone and an azlactone.

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Ernst Schulze (chemist)

Ernst Schulze (31 July 1840, Bovenden near Göttingen ­­– 15 June 1912 in Zürich) was a German Chemist who discovered a number of amino acids.

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Erythrose 4-phosphate

Erythrose 4-phosphate is a phosphate of the simple sugar erythrose.

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Esculentin-2CHa

Esculentin-2CHa (from Latin ēsculentus (“edible; nutritious; full of food”)) is an antimicrobial peptide located outside the epithelial cell’s membrane of the skin of many species of amphibians, such as Rana chiricahuensis.

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Essential amino acid

An essential amino acid, or indispensable amino acid, is an amino acid that cannot be synthesized ''de novo'' (from scratch) by the organism, and thus must be supplied in its diet.

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Establishment of sister chromatid cohesion

Sister chromatid cohesion refers to the process by which sister chromatids are paired and held together during certain phases of the cell cycle.

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Evelyn Hickmans

Evelyn Marion Hickmans was a pioneer in developing a treatment for phenylketonuria together with Horst Bickel and John Gerrard.

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Exopeptidase inhibitor

An exopeptidase inhibitor is a drug that inhibits one or more exopeptidase enzymes.

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EZH2

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase enzyme (EC 2.1.1.43) encoded by EZH2 gene, that participates in histone methylation and, ultimately, transcriptional repression.

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F (disambiguation)

F is the sixth letter of the Latin alphabet.

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Fabaceae

The Fabaceae or Leguminosae, Article 18.5 states: "The following names, of long usage, are treated as validly published:....Leguminosae (nom. alt.: Fabaceae; type: Faba Mill.);...

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Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase

Squalene synthase (SQS) or farnesyl-diphosphate:farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyl transferase is an enzyme localized to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.

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FARSB

Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta chain is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FARSB gene.

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FASTA format

In bioinformatics, FASTA format is a text-based format for representing either nucleotide sequences or peptide sequences, in which nucleotides or amino acids are represented using single-letter codes.

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Fine chemical

Fine chemicals are complex, single, pure chemical substances, produced in limited quantities in multipurpose plants by multistep batch chemical or biotechnological processes.

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Fisetin

Fisetin (7,3′,4′-flavon-3-ol), is a plant polyphenol from the flavonoid group.

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Flavonoid biosynthesis

Flavonoids are synthesized by the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway in which the amino acid phenylalanine is used to produce 4-coumaroyl-CoA.

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Floral scent

Floral scent or flower scent is composed of all the volatile organic compounds (VOCs), or aroma compounds, emitted by floral tissue (e.g. flower petals).

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Fluorescence spectroscopy

Fluorescence spectroscopy (also known as fluorometry or spectrofluorometry) is a type of electromagnetic spectroscopy that analyzes fluorescence from a sample.

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Formate C-acetyltransferase

In enzymology, formate C-acetyltransferase (pyruvate formate lyase, PFL) is an enzyme.

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Fullerene

A fullerene is a molecule of carbon in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, tube, and many other shapes.

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Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase

Fumarylacetoacetase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FAH gene located on chromosome 15.

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Gabapentin

Gabapentin, sold under the brand name Neurontin among others, is a medication which is used to treat epilepsy (specifically partial seizures), neuropathic pain, hot flashes, and restless legs syndrome.

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Gabapentinoid

Gabapentinoids, also known as α2δ ligands, are a class of drugs that are derivatives of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (i.e., GABA analogues) which block α2δ subunit-containing voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs).

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Galantamine total synthesis

The article concerns the total synthesis of galanthamine, a drug used for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.

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GCHFR

GTP cyclohydrolase 1 feedback regulatory protein is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GCHFR gene.

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Genetic code

The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) into proteins.

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Genetically modified crops

Genetically modified crops (GMCs, GM crops, or biotech crops) are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering methods.

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Genetically modified soybean

A genetically modified soybean is a soybean (Glycine max) that has had DNA introduced into it using genetic engineering techniques.

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Genetics

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.

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Gliotoxin

Gliotoxin is a sulfur-containing mycotoxin that belongs to a class of naturally occurring 2,5-diketopiperazines produced by several species of fungi, especially those of marine origin.

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Glossary of chemical formulas

This is a list of common chemical compounds with chemical formulas and CAS numbers, indexed by formula.

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Glucagon

Glucagon is a peptide hormone, produced by alpha cells of the pancreas.

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Glucogenic amino acid

A glucogenic amino acid is an amino acid that can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis.

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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD) is an inborn error of metabolism that predisposes to red blood cell breakdown.

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Glucosinolate

The glucosinolates are natural components of many pungent plants such as mustard, cabbage, and horseradish.

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GLUT4

Glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4), also known as solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4, is a protein encoded, in humans, by the SLC2A4 gene.

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Glutamate—prephenate aminotransferase

In enzymology, glutamate-prephenate aminotransferase (also known as prephenate transaminase, PAT, and L-glutamate:prephenate aminotransferase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-arogenate and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are prephenate and L-glutamate.

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Glutamine N-phenylacetyltransferase

In enzymology, a glutamine N-phenylacetyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are phenylacetyl-CoA and L-glutamine, whereas its two products are CoA and alpha-N-phenylacetyl-L-glutamine.

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Glutamine—phenylpyruvate transaminase

In enzymology, a glutamine-phenylpyruvate transaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-glutamine and phenylpyruvate, whereas its two products are 2-oxoglutaramate and L-phenylalanine.

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Glutelin

Glutelin proteins are soluble in dilute acids or bases, detergents, chaotropic agents, or reducing agents.

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Glycine N-benzoyltransferase

In enzymology, a glycine N-benzoyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are benzoyl-CoA and glycine, whereas its two products are CoA and N-benzoylglycine.

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Glycophorin C

Glycophorin C (GYPC; CD236/CD236R; glycoprotein beta; glycoconnectin; PAS-2) plays a functionally important role in maintaining erythrocyte shape and regulating membrane material properties, possibly through its interaction with protein 4.1.

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Glyphosate

Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) is a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide and crop desiccant.

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Gramicidin

Gramicidin is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14%, respectively, all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramicidin D contains linear pentadecapeptides, that is chains made up of 15 amino acids.

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Gramicidin S

Gramicidin S or Gramicidin Soviet is an antibiotic that is effective against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as some fungi.

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GSTZ1

Glutathione S-transferase Zeta 1 (also known as maleylacetoacetate isomerase) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSTZ1 gene on chromosome 14.

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Gunnerales

The Gunnerales are an order of flowering plants.

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GYF domain

In molecular biology, the GYF domain (glycine-tyrosine-phenylalanine domain) is an approximately 60-amino acid protein domain which contains a conserved GPxxxxxxWxxxYF motif.

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Haladaptatus paucihalophilus

Haladaptatus paucihalophilus is a halophilic archaeal species, originally isolated from a spring in Oklahoma.

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Heliconius erato

Heliconius erato, or the red postman, is one of about 40 neotropical species of butterfly belonging to the genus Heliconius.

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Herbicide

Herbicides, also commonly known as weedkillers, are chemical substances used to control unwanted plants.

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HgeTx1

HgeTx1 (systematic name: α-KTx 6.14) is a toxin produced by the Mexican scorpion Hoffmanihadrurus gertschi that is a reversible blocker of the Shaker B K+-channel, a type of voltage-gated potassium channels.

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Hippurate hydrolase

In enzymology, a hippurate hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are hippurate and H2O, whereas its two products are benzoate and glycine.

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Histidinol-phosphate transaminase

In enzymology, a histidinol-phosphate transaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-histidinol phosphate and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are 3-(imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropyl phosphate and L-glutamate.

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Homochirality

Homochirality is a uniformity of chirality, or handedness.

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Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase

Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (homogentisic acid oxidase, homogentisicase) is an enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of homogentisate to 4-maleylacetoacetate.

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Homogentisic acid

Homogentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) is a phenolic acid usually found in Arbutus unedo (strawberry-tree) honey.

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Honey

Honey is a sweet, viscous food substance produced by bees and some related insects.

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Human mitochondrial genetics

Human mitochondrial genetics is the study of the genetics of human mitochondrial DNA (the DNA contained in human mitochondria).

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Hydnum repandum

Hydnum repandum, commonly known as the sweet tooth, wood hedgehog or hedgehog mushroom, is a basidiomycete fungus of the family Hydnaceae.

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Hydrophobic effect

The hydrophobic effect is the observed tendency of nonpolar substances to aggregate in an aqueous solution and exclude water molecules.

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Hydroxyl radical

The hydroxyl radical, •OH, is the neutral form of the hydroxide ion (OH−).

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Hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase

In enzymology, a hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate, NADH, and H+.

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Hyoscine

Hyoscine, also known as scopolamine, is a medication used to treat motion sickness and postoperative nausea and vomiting.

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Hyoscyamine

Hyoscyamine (also known as daturine) is a tropane alkaloid.

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Hyperphenylalaninemia

Hyperphenylalaninemia is a medical condition characterized by mildly or strongly elevated concentrations of the amino acid phenylalanine in the blood.

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Immune-selective anti-inflammatory derivative

Immune Selective Anti-Inflammatory Derivatives (ImSAIDs) are a class of peptides being that have anti-inflammatory properties.

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Immunogenicity

Immunogenicity is the ability of a particular substance, such as an antigen or epitope, to provoke an immune response in the body of a human and other animal.

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Importin

Importin is a type of karyopherin that transports protein molecules into the nucleus by binding to specific recognition sequences, called nuclear localization sequences (NLS).

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Index of biochemistry articles

Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living organisms.

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Index of genetics articles

Genetics (from Ancient Greek γενετικός genetikos, “genite” and that from γένεσις genesis, “origin”), a discipline of biology, is the science of heredity and variation in living organisms.

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Indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase

In enzymology, an indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase (IGPS) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate, but 3 products: 1-C-(indol-3-yl)-glycerol 3-phosphate, CO2, and H2O.

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Indomie

Indomie is a brand of Instant noodle produced by an Indonesian company; Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk, better known as Indofood.

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Insect based pet food

Eating insects is called entomophagy.

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Insertion reaction

An insertion reaction is a chemical reaction where one chemical entity (a molecule or molecular fragment) interposes itself into an existing bond of typically a second chemical entity e.g.: The term only refers to the result of the reaction and does not suggest a mechanism.

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International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is an international federation of National Adhering Organizations that represents chemists in individual countries.

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Invertebrate mitochondrial code

The invertebrate mitochondrial code is a genetic code used by the mitochondrial genome of invertebrates.

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Isoflavones

Isoflavones are a type of naturally occurring isoflavonoids, many of which act as phytoestrogens in mammals.

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Isomerase

Isomerases are a general class of enzymes that convert a molecule from one isomer to another.

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Ivar Asbjørn Følling

Ivar Asbjørn Følling (23 August 1888 – 24 January 1973) was a Norwegian physician and biochemist.

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Ixazomib

Ixazomib (trade name Ninlaro) is a drug for the treatment of multiple myeloma, a type of white blood cell cancer, in combination with other drugs.

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ΔF508

ΔF508 (Delta-F508, full name CFTRΔF508 or F508del-CFTR) is a specific mutation within the gene for a protein called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).

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J. Heinrich Matthaei

J.

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Janus kinase 2

Janus kinase 2 (commonly called JAK2) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase.

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Ka/Ks ratio

In genetics, the Ka/Ks ratio is used to estimate the balance between neutral mutations, purifying selection and beneficial mutations acting on a set of homologous protein-coding genes.

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Kaempferol

Kaempferol is a natural flavonol, a type of flavonoid, found in a variety of plants and plant-derived foods.

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KaiC

KaiC is a gene belonging to the KaiABC gene cluster (with KaiB, and KaiC) that, together, regulate bacterial circadian rhythms, specifically in cyanobacteria.

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Karyorelict nuclear code

The karyorelictid nuclear code (translation table 27) is a genetic code used by the nuclear genome of the Karyorelictea ciliate Parduczia sp.

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Kefir

Kefir or kephir, alternatively milk kefir or búlgaros, is a fermented milk drink that originated in the Caucasus Mountains made with kefir "grains", a yeast/bacterial fermentation starter.

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Ketogenic amino acid

A ketogenic amino acid is an amino acid that can be degraded directly into acetyl-CoA, which is the precursor of ketone bodies.

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Kisspeptin

Kisspeptin (formerly known as metastin) is a protein that is encoded by the KISS1 gene in humans.

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KLF2

Krüppel-like Factor 2 (KLF2), also known as lung Krüppel-like Factor (LKLF), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLF2 gene on chromosome 19.

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KLK7

Kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7) is a serine protease that in humans is encoded by the KLK7 gene.

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L-amino-acid oxidase

In enzymology, an L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The enzyme was first described in 1944 by A. Zeller and A. Maritz.

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Lactis-leu-phe leader RNA motif

The leu/phe-leader RNA motif (also the lactis-leu/phe-leader motif) is a conserved RNA structure identified by bioinformatics.

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Lignan

The lignans are a large group of polyphenols found in plants.

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Lignin

Lignin is a class of complex organic polymers that form important structural materials in the support tissues of vascular plants and some algae. Lignins are particularly important in the formation of cell walls, especially in wood and bark, because they lend rigidity and do not rot easily. Chemically, lignins are cross-linked phenolic polymers.

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List of additives in cigarettes

This is the list of 599 additives in cigarettes submitted to the United States Department of Health and Human Services in April 1994.

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List of adrenergic drugs

This is a list of adrenergic drugs.

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List of biomolecules

This is a list of articles that describe particular biomolecules or types of biomolecules.

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List of chemistry mnemonics

A mnemonic is a memory aid used to improve long term memory and make the process of consolidation easier.

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List of dopaminergic drugs

This is a list of dopaminergic drugs.

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List of drugs: Pf-Ph

No description.

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List of human blood components

In blood banking, the fractions of Whole Blood used for transfusion are also called components.

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List of human hormones

The following is a list of hormones found in Homo sapiens.

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List of macronutrients

This list is a categorization of the most common food components based on their macronutrients.

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List of medical abbreviations: A

Category:Lists of medical abbreviations.

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List of MeSH codes (D12.125)

This is part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.

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List of opioids

This is a list of opioids, opioid antagonists and inverse agonists.

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Lixisenatide

Lixisenatide (trade name Lyxumia in the Europe and Adlyxin in the U.S.) is a once-daily injectable GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of diabetes type II.

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Lofepramine

Lofepramine, sold under the brand names Gamanil, Lomont, and Tymelyt among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) which is used to treat depression.

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Long QT syndrome

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a condition which affects repolarization of the heart after a heartbeat.

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LPA

LPA may refer to.

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Lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase type 6

Lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase type 6 is an acid phosphatase enzyme that is encoded in humans by the ACP6 gene.

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Mana Energy Potions

Mana Energy Potions are a flavored energy drink made in the United States.

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Marshall Warren Nirenberg

Marshall Warren Nirenberg (April 10, 1927 – January 15, 2010) was a Jewish American biochemist and geneticist.

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Maxine Singer

Maxine Frank Singer (born February 15, 1931) is an American molecular biologist and science administrator.

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Medicinal fungi

Medicinal fungi are those fungi which produce medically significant metabolites or can be induced to produce such metabolites using biotechnology.

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Melanogaster (fungus)

Melanogaster is a genus of fungus that resemble truffles, and are often mistaken for them.

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Melanomorph

A melanomorph is a substance related to the pigment melanin.

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Melatonin receptor agonist

Melatonin receptor agonists are analogues of melatonin that bind to and activate the melatonin receptor.

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Melilotate 3-monooxygenase

In enzymology, a melilotate 3-monooxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 4 substrates of this enzyme are 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate, NADH, H+, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate, NAD+, and H2O.

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Melphalan

Melphalan (trade name Alkeran, in former USSR also known as Sarcolysin) is a chemotherapy drug belonging to the class of nitrogen mustard alkylating agents.

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Mescaline

Mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) is a naturally occurring psychedelic alkaloid of the phenethylamine class, known for its hallucinogenic effects comparable to those of LSD and psilocybin.

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Mesodinium nuclear code

The Mesodinium nuclear code (translation table 29) is a genetic code used by the nuclear genome of the ciliates Mesodinium and Myrionecta.

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Methoxsalen

Methoxsalen (also called xanthotoxin, marketed under the trade names Oxsoralen, Deltasoralen, Meladinine) is a drug used to treat psoriasis, eczema, vitiligo, and some cutaneous lymphomas in conjunction with exposing the skin to UVA light from lamps or sunlight.

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Miller–Urey experiment

The Miller–Urey experiment (or Miller experiment) was a chemical experiment that simulated the conditions thought at the time to be present on the early Earth, and tested the chemical origin of life under those conditions.

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Miraculin

Miraculin is a taste modifier, a glycoprotein extracted from the fruit of Synsepalum dulcificum.

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Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

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Momints

Momints is a breath mint manufactured by Yosha Enterprises Corporation.

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Monoamine neurotransmitter

Monoamine neurotransmitters are neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by a two-carbon chain (such as -CH2-CH2-). All monoamines are derived from aromatic amino acids like phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and the thyroid hormones by the action of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase enzymes.

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Monocarboxylate transporter 10

Monocarboxylate transporter 10 (MCT 10), also known as aromatic amino acid transporter 1 and T-type amino acid transporter 1 (TAT1) and solute carrier family 16 member 10 (SLC16A10), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC16A10 gene.

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Monolignol

Monolignols are phytochemicals acting as source materials for biosynthesis of both lignans and lignin.

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Motilin

Motilin is a 22-amino acid polypeptide hormone in the motilin family that, in humans, is encoded by the MLN gene.

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MT-TF

Mitochondrially encoded tRNA phenylalanine also known as MT-TF is a transfer RNA which in humans is encoded by the mitochondrial MT-TF gene.

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Mycosporine-like amino acid

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are small secondary metabolites produced by organisms that live in environments with high volumes of sunlight, usually marine environments.

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Myelofibrosis

Myelofibrosis, also known as osteomyelofibrosis, is a relatively rare bone marrow cancer.

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MYOT

Myotilin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYOT gene.

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Myristoylation

Myristoylation is a lipidation modification where a myristoyl group, derived from myristic acid, is covalently attached by an amide bond to the alpha-amino group of an N-terminal glycine residue.

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Naltrindole

Naltrindole is a highly potent, highly selective delta opioid receptor antagonist used in biomedical research.

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Natural product

A natural product is a chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism—that is, found in nature.

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Nature versus nurture

The nature versus nurture debate involves whether human behaviour is determined by the environment, either prenatal or during a person's life, or by a person's genes.

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Neotame

Neotame is an artificial sweetener made by NutraSweet that is between 7,000 and 13,000 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar).

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Neurobiological effects of physical exercise

The are numerous and involve a wide range of interrelated effects on brain structure, brain function, and cognition.

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Neurodevelopmental disorder

Neurodevelopmental disorder is a mental disorder.

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Neurokinin A

Neurokinin A, formerly known as Substance K, is a neurologically active peptide translated from the pre-protachykinin gene.

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Neuroscientist

A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist who has specialised knowledge in the field of neuroscience, the branch of biology that deals with the physiology, biochemistry, anatomy and molecular biology of neurons and neural circuits and especially their association with behaviour and learning.

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Neurotransmitter

Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission.

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Neutron capture therapy of cancer

Neutron capture therapy (NCT) is a noninvasive therapeutic modality for treating locally invasive malignant tumors such as primary brain tumors and recurrent head and neck cancer.

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Newborn screening

Newborn screening is a public health program of screening in infants shortly after birth for a list of conditions that are treatable, but not clinically evident in the newborn period.

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Nirenberg and Matthaei experiment

The Nirenberg and Matthaei experiment was a scientific experiment performed on May 15, 1961, by Marshall W. Nirenberg and his post doctoral fellow, J. Heinrich Matthaei.

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NK1 receptor antagonist

Neurokinin 1 (NK1) antagonists are a novel class of medications that possesses unique antidepressant, anxiolytic, and antiemetic properties.

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NMDA receptor

The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (also known as the NMDA receptor or NMDAR), is a glutamate receptor and ion channel protein found in nerve cells.

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NMDA receptor antagonist

NMDA receptor antagonists are a class of anesthetics that work to antagonize, or inhibit the action of, the ''N''-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR).

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Norepinephrine

Norepinephrine (NE), also called noradrenaline (NA) or noradrenalin, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the brain and body as a hormone and neurotransmitter.

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Noxiustoxin

Noxiustoxin (NTX) is a toxin from the venom of the Mexican scorpion Centruroides noxius Hoffmann which block voltage-dependent potassium channels and calcium-activated potassium channels.

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Nuclear pore

Nuclear pore complexes are large protein complexes that span the nuclear envelope, which is the double membrane surrounding the eukaryotic cell nucleus.

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Nuclear receptor

In the field of molecular biology, nuclear receptors are a class of proteins found within cells that are responsible for sensing steroid and thyroid hormones and certain other molecules.

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Nucleoporin

Nucleoporins are a family of proteins which are the constituent building blocks of the nuclear pore complex (NPC).

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Nutrient

A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce.

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Nutritional genomics

Nutritional genomics is a science studying the relationship between human genome, nutrition and health.

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Octreotate

Octreotate or octreotide acid is a somatostatin analogue that is closely related to octreotide.

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Oligopetide P11-4

P11-4 is a synthetic, pH controlled self-assembling peptide used for biomimetic mineralization e.g. for enamel regeneration or as an oral care agent.

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Ophanin

Ophanin is a toxin found in the venom of the King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah), which lives throughout South East Asia.

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Opiorphin

Opiorphin is an endogenous chemical compound first isolated from human saliva.

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OPN1LW

OPN1LW is a gene on the X chromosome that encodes for long wave sensitive (LWS) opsin, or red cone photopigment.

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Organocatalysis

In organic chemistry, the term organocatalysis (a portmanteau of the terms "organic" and "catalyst") refers to a form of catalysis, whereby the rate of a chemical reaction is increased by an organic catalyst referred to as an "organocatalyst" consisting of carbon, hydrogen, sulfur and other nonmetal elements found in organic compounds.

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Otto Herbert Wolff

Otto Herbert Wolff (born 10 January 1920 in Hamburg, died 27 April 2010) was a German born medical scientist, paediatrician and was the Nuffield Professor of Child Health at Great Ormond Street Hospital.

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Outline of nutrition

The following outline is provided as an overview of and a topical guide to nutrition.

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Outline of thought

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to thought (thinking): Thought (also called thinking) – the mental process in which beings form psychological associations and models of the world.

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Oxidative stress

Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage.

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Oxytocin

Oxytocin (Oxt) is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide.

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Pantothenate kinase

Pantothenate kinase (PanK; CoaA) is the first enzyme in the Coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthetic pathway.

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Papain

Papain, also known as papaya proteinase I, is a cysteine protease enzyme present in papaya (Carica papaya) and mountain papaya (Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis).

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Parve101q

ParvE101Q is an experimental modification of parvalbumin, designed to delay calcium sequestration in heart muscles to enhance contraction.

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Pdr1p

Pdr1p (Pleiotropic Drug Resistance 1p) is a transcription factor found in yeast and is a key regulator of genes involved in general drug response.

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PDZ domain

The PDZ domain is a common structural domain of 80-90 amino-acids found in the signaling proteins of bacteria, yeast, plants, viruses and animals.

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Pegvaliase

Pegvaliase (trade name Palynziq) is a drug for the treatment of the genetic disease phenylketonuria.

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PEN-2

PEN-2 (presenilin enhancer 2) is a protein that is a regulatory component of the gamma secretase complex, a protease complex responsible for proteolysis of transmembrane proteins such as the Notch protein and amyloid precursor protein (APP).

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Pepsin

Pepsin is an endopeptidase that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides (that is, a protease).

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Peritrich nuclear code

The peritrich nuclear code (translation table 30) is a genetic code used by the nuclear genome of the peritrich ciliates Vorticella and Opisthonecta.

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PHE

PHE or Phe may refer to:,.

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Phenethyl alcohol

Phenethyl alcohol, or 2-phenylethanol, is the organic compound that consists of a phenethyl group (C6H5CH2CH2) group attached to OH.

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Phenethylamine

Phenethylamine (PEA) is an organic compound, natural monoamine alkaloid, and trace amine which acts as a central nervous system stimulant in humans.

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Phenols

In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (—OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group.

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Phenyl group

In organic chemistry, the phenyl group or phenyl ring is a cyclic group of atoms with the formula C6H5.

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Phenylacetaldehyde

Phenylacetaldehyde is an organic compound used in the synthesis of fragrances and polymers.

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Phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are phenylacetaldehyde, NAD+, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are phenylacetate, NADH, and H+.

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Phenylacetate—CoA ligase

In enzymology, a phenylacetate-CoA ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, phenylacetate, and CoA, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and phenylacetyl-CoA.

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Phenylacetic acid

Phenylacetic acid (PAA) (conjugate base phenylacetate), also known by various synonyms, is an organic compound containing a phenyl functional group and a carboxylic acid functional group.

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Phenylalanine 2-monooxygenase

In enzymology, a phenylalanine 2-monooxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-phenylalanine and O2, whereas its 3 products are 2-phenylacetamide, CO2, and H2O.

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Phenylalanine adenylyltransferase

In enzymology, a phenylalanine adenylyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and L-phenylalanine, whereas its two products are diphosphate and N-adenylyl-L-phenylalanine.

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Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction converting L-phenylalanine to ammonia and ''trans''-cinnamic acid.

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Phenylalanine decarboxylase

In enzymology, a phenylalanine decarboxylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, L-phenylalanine, and two products, phenylethylamine and CO2.

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Phenylalanine dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a phenylalanine dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are L-phenylalanine, H2O, and NAD+, whereas its 4 products are phenylpyruvate, NH3, NADH, and H+.

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Phenylalanine hydroxylase

Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of the aromatic side-chain of phenylalanine to generate tyrosine.

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Phenylalanine N-acetyltransferase

In enzymology, a phenylalanine N-acetyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and L-phenylalanine, whereas its two products are CoA and N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine.

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Phenylalanine racemase (ATP-hydrolysing)

The enzyme phenylalanine racemase (phenylalanine racemase, phenylalanine racemase (adenosine triphosphate-hydrolysing), gramicidin S synthetase I) is the enzyme that acts on amino acids and derivatives.

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Phenylalanine(histidine) transaminase

In enzymology, a phenylalanine(histidine) transaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-phenylalanine and pyruvate, whereas its two products are phenylpyruvate and L-alanine.

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Phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase

Phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase (PTAL, bifunctional PAL) is an enzyme with systematic name L-phenylalanine(or L-tyrosine):trans-cinnamate(or trans-p-hydroxycinnamate) ammonia-lyase.

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Phenylalanine—tRNA ligase

In enzymology, a phenylalanine-tRNA ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-phenylalanine, and tRNAPhe, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and L-phenylalanyl-tRNAPhe.

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Phenylketonuria

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism that results in decreased metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine.

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Phenylpropanoid

The phenylpropanoids are a diverse family of organic compounds that are synthesized by plants from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine.

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Phenylpropanoids metabolism

The biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids involves a number of enzymes.

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Phenylpyruvate decarboxylase

In enzymology, a phenylpyruvate decarboxylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, phenylpyruvate, and two products, phenylacetaldehyde and CO2.

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Phenylpyruvate tautomerase

In enzymology, phenylpyruvate tautomerase or Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Phenylpyruvate tautomerase has also been found to exhibit the same keto-enol tautomerism for 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, which is structurally similar to phenylpyruvate but contains an additional hydroxyl moiety in the para position of the aromatic ring.

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Phenylpyruvic acid

Phenylpyruvic acid is the organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2C(O)CO2H.

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Phenyltropane

Phenyltropanes (PTs) were originally developed to reduce cocaine addiction and dependency.

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Phi value analysis

Phi value analysis, \phi analysis, or \phi-value analysis is an experimental protein engineering technique for studying the structure of the folding transition state of small protein domains that fold in a two-state manner.

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Phosphoenolpyruvic acid

Phosphoenolpyruvate (2-phosphoenolpyruvate, PEP) as the ester derived from the enol of pyruvate and phosphate.

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Phospholipase A2

Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are enzymes that release fatty acids from the second carbon group of glycerol.

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Phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase

In enzymology, a phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the third step of the synthesis of the amino acid tryptophan. This enzyme participates in the phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathway, also known as the aromatic amino acid biosynthesis pathway In yeast it is encoded by the TRP1 gene.

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Pigeon pea

The pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) is a perennial legume from the family Fabaceae.

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Pisatin

Pisatin (3-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4',5'-methylenedioxy-chromanocoumarane) is the major phytoalexin made by the pea plant Pisum sativum.

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PKC alpha

Protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKCA gene.

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Plant secondary metabolism

Secondary metabolism produces a large number of specialized compounds (estimated 200,000) that do not aid in the growth and development of plants but are required for the plant to survive in its environment.

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Plant–fungus horizontal gene transfer

Plant–fungus horizontal gene transfer is the movement of genetic material between individuals in the plant and fungus kingdoms.

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Plasmepsin

Plasmepsins are a class of at least 10 enzymes (and) produced by the Plasmodium falciparum parasite.

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Platelet-derived growth factor receptor

Platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGF-R) are cell surface tyrosine kinase receptors for members of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family.

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Pleconaril

Pleconaril (Picovir) is an antiviral drug that was being developed by Schering-Plough for prevention of asthma exacerbations and common cold symptoms in patients exposed to picornavirus respiratory infections.

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Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy (from Greek πλείων pleion, "more", and τρόπος tropos, "way") occurs when one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits.

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Polyphenol

Polyphenols (also known as polyhydroxyphenols) are a structural class of mainly natural, but also synthetic or semisynthetic, organic chemicals characterized by the presence of large multiples of phenol structural units.

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Poneratoxin

Poneratoxin is a paralyzing neurotoxic peptide made by the bullet ant Paraponera clavata.

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Post-translational modification

Post-translational modification (PTM) refers to the covalent and generally enzymatic modification of proteins following protein biosynthesis.

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Powerade

Powerade is a sports drink manufactured and marketed by The Coca-Cola Company.

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Pregabalin

Pregabalin, marketed under the brand name Lyrica among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, and generalized anxiety disorder.

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Prephenic acid

Prephenic acid, commonly also known by its anionic form prephenate, is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine, as well as of a large number of secondary metabolites of the shikimate pathway.

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PreQ1 riboswitch

The PreQ1-I riboswitch is a cis-acting element identified in bacteria which regulates expression of genes involved in biosynthesis of the nucleoside queuosine (Q) from GTP.

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Prolyl isomerase

Prolyl isomerase (also known as peptidylprolyl isomerase or PPIase) is an enzyme found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that interconverts the cis and trans isomers of peptide bonds with the amino acid proline.

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Protein (nutrient)

Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body.

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Protein design

Protein design is the rational design of new protein molecules to design novel activity, behavior, or purpose, and to advance basic understanding of protein function.

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Protein metabolism

Protein metabolism denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the synthesis of proteins and amino acids, and the breakdown of proteins (and other large molecules) by catabolism.

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Protein primary structure

Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein.

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Protein quality

Protein quality is the digestibility and quantity of essential amino acids for providing the proteins in correct ratios for human consumption.

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Protein secondary structure

Protein secondary structure is the three dimensional form of local segments of proteins.

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Proteinogenic amino acid

Proteinogenic amino acids are amino acids that are incorporated biosynthetically into proteins during translation.

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Proteolysis

Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids.

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Protide

The ProTide technology is a prodrug approach used in molecular biology and drug design.

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Psilocybe semilanceata

Psilocybe semilanceata, commonly known as the liberty cap, is a psilocybin or "magic" mushroom that contains the psychoactive compounds psilocybin which the body breaks down to psilocin, and the alkaloid baeocystin.

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Pterobranchia mitochondrial code

The pterobranchia mitochondrial code is a genetic code used by the mitochondrial genome of Rhabdopleura compacta (Pterobranchia).

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Pulvinone

Pulvinone, an organic compound belonging to the esters, lactones, alcohols and butenolides classes, is a yellow crystalline solid.

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PX-2

PX-2 (also known as 5F-APP-PINACA, FU-PX and PPA(N)-2201) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that has been sold online as a designer drug.

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QDPR

QDPR (quinoid dihydropteridine reductase) is a human gene that produces the enzyme quinoid dihydropteridine reductase.

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Quercetin

Quercetin, a plant flavonol from the flavonoid group of polyphenols, is found in many fruits, vegetables, leaves, and grains; red onions and kale are common foods containing appreciable content of quercetin.

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Racecadotril

Racecadotril, also known as acetorphan, is an antidiarrheal drug which acts as a peripherally acting enkephalinase inhibitor.

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RB-101

RB-101 is a drug that acts as an enkephalinase inhibitor, which is used in scientific research.

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Red rain in Kerala

The Kerala red rain phenomenon was a blood rain event that occurred from 25 July to 23 September 2001, when heavy downpours of red-coloured rain fell sporadically on the southern Indian state of Kerala, staining clothes pink.

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Rhizomucor pusillus

Rhizomucor pusillus is a species of Rhizomucor.

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Ribonuclease inhibitor

Ribonuclease inhibitor (RI) is a large (~450 residues, ~49 kDa), acidic (pI ~4.7), leucine-rich repeat protein that forms extremely tight complexes with certain ribonucleases.

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Ribozyme

Ribozymes (ribonucleic acid enzymes) are RNA molecules that are capable of catalyzing specific biochemical reactions, similar to the action of protein enzymes.

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RNA Tie Club

The RNA Tie Club is a scientific "gentleman's club" of select individuals who contributed to the understanding of DNA and the manner in which it relates to proteins and/or the ability to "read" the "message" in DNA.

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Robert Guthrie

Robert Guthrie, MD, Ph.D. (June 28, 1916 – June 24, 1995) was an American microbiologist, best known for developing the bacterial inhibition assay used to screen infants for phenylketonuria at birth, before the development of irreversible neurological damage.

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RRNA endonuclease

rRNA endonuclease (alpha-sarcin) is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester linkage between guanosine and adenosine residues at one specific position in the 28S rRNA of rat ribosomes.

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Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus

Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus is a bacteria that can make use of light or aromatic compounds for growth.

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Salicylic acid

Salicylic acid (from Latin salix, willow tree) is a lipophilic monohydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid, and a beta hydroxy acid (BHA).

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Secretin

Secretin is a hormone that regulates water homeostasis throughout the body and influences the environment of the duodenum by regulating secretions in the stomach, pancreas, and liver.

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Segawa Syndrome

Segawa Syndrome (SS) also known as Dopamine-responsive dystonia (DRD), Segawa's disease, Segawa's dystonia and hereditary progressive dystonia with diurnal fluctuation, is a genetic movement disorder which usually manifests itself during early childhood at around ages 5–8 years (variable start age).

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Selective progesterone receptor modulator

A selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM) is an agent that acts on the progesterone receptor.

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Serine dehydratase

Serine dehydratase or L-serine ammonia lyase (SDH) is in the β-family of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent (PLP) enzymes.

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Serine protease

Serine proteases (or serine endopeptidases) are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins, in which serine serves as the nucleophilic amino acid at the (enzyme's) active site.

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Seymour Ehrenpreis

Seymour Ehrenpreis has a PhD in biochemistry and was the chairman of the pharmacology department of Chicago Medical School for a couple of years.

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SH2B3

SH2B adapter protein 3 (SH2B3), also known as lymphocyte adapter protein (LNK), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SH2B3 gene on chromosome 12.

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Shikimate dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a shikimate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are shikimate and NADP+, whereas its 3 products are 3-dehydroshikimate, NADPH, and H+.

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Shikimate kinase

Shikimate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of shikimate to form shikimate 3-phosphate.

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Shikimate pathway

The shikimate pathway (shikimic acid pathway) is a seven step metabolic route used by bacteria, fungi, algae, some protozoan parasites and plants for the biosynthesis of folates and aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan).

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Shikimic acid

Shikimic acid, more commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is a cyclohexene, a cyclitol and a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid.

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Signal peptide peptidase

In molecular biology, the Signal Peptide Peptidase (SPP) is a type of protein that specifically cleaves parts of other proteins.

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SKI protein

The SKI protein is a nuclear proto-oncogene that is associated with tumors at high cellular concentrations.

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Skin whitening

Skin whitening is the practice of using substances, mixtures, or physical treatments to lighten skin color.

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Smart drink

Smart drinks, also known as nootropic drinks, are beverages made from a mix of fruit juices, vitamins, herbal supplements, and a variety of amino acid supplements.

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Smint

Smint is a type of breath mint.

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SOGA2

SOGA2, also known as Suppressor of glucose autophagy associated 2 or CCDC165, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOGA2 gene.

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Solriamfetol

Solriamfetol is a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) under development by Jazz Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy and sleep apnea.

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Spirulina (dietary supplement)

Spirulina represents a biomass of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) that can be consumed by humans and other animals.

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Sporopollenin

SEM image of pollen grains Sporopollenin is one of the most chemically inert biological polymers.

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Sprite Zero

Sprite Zero is a colorless, lemon-lime soft drink produced by The Coca-Cola Company, being a sugar-free variant of its original form, Sprite, and is one of the drinks in Coca Cola's "Zero" lineup.

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St. Augustine Monster

The St.

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STAT5A

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STAT5A gene.

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Strep-tag

The Strep-tag® system is a method which allows the purification and detection of proteins by affinity chromatography.

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Strobilurus tenacellus

Strobilurus tenacellus, commonly known as the pinecone cap, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Physalacriaceae.

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Substance P

Substance P (SP) is an undecapeptide (a peptide composed of a chain of 11 amino acid residues) member of the tachykinin neuropeptide family. It is a neuropeptide, acting as a neurotransmitter and as a neuromodulator. Substance P and its closely related neurokinin A (NKA) are produced from a polyprotein precursor after differential splicing of the preprotachykinin A gene. The deduced amino acid sequence of substance P is as follows.

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Sugar substitute

A sugar substitute is a food additive that provides a sweet taste like that of sugar while containing significantly less food energy.

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Sulcia muelleri

Candidatus Sulcia muelleri is an aerobic, gram-negative, bacillus bacteria that is a part of the phylum Bacteroidetes.

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Surfactant protein B

Surfactant protein B is an essential lipid-associated protein found in pulmonary surfactant.

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SV40 large T antigen

SV40 large T antigen (Simian Vacuolating Virus 40 TAg) is a hexamer protein that is a dominant-acting oncoprotein derived from the polyomavirus SV40.

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Synonymous substitution

A synonymous substitution (often called a silent substitution though they are not always silent) is the evolutionary substitution of one base for another in an exon of a gene coding for a protein, such that the produced amino acid sequence is not modified.

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Tachykinin peptides

Tachykinin peptides are one of the largest families of neuropeptides, found from amphibians to mammals.

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Tachykinin receptor 1

The tachykinin receptor 1 (TACR1) also known as neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) or substance P receptor (SPR) is a G protein coupled receptor found in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

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TATA box

In molecular biology, the TATA box (also called the Goldberg-Hogness box) is a sequence of DNA found in the core promoter region of genes in archaea and eukaryotes.

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TATA-binding protein

The TATA-binding protein (TBP) is a general transcription factor that binds specifically to a DNA sequence called the TATA box.

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Teixobactin

Teixobactin is a peptide-like secondary metabolite of some species of bacteria, that kills some gram-positive bacteria.

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TERF2

Telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 is a protein that is present at telomeres throughout the cell cycle.

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Testin

Testin also known as TESS is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TES gene located on chromosome 7.

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Tetrahydrobiopterin

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4, THB), also known as sapropterin, is a naturally occurring essential cofactor of the three aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes, used in the degradation of amino acid phenylalanine and in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), melatonin, dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), epinephrine (adrenaline), and is a cofactor for the production of nitric oxide (NO) by the nitric oxide synthases.

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Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency

Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency (THBD, BH4D), also called THB or BH4 deficiency, is a rare metabolic disorder that increases the blood levels of phenylalanine.

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The mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma code

The mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma code is the genetic code used by various organisms, in some cases with slight variations, notably the use of UGA as a tryptophan codon rather than a stop codon.

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Thermolysin

Thermolysin (Bacillus thermoproteolyticus neutral proteinase, thermoase, thermoase Y10, TLN) is a thermostable neutral metalloproteinase enzyme produced by the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus thermoproteolyticus.

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Threonine ammonia-lyase

Threonine ammonia-lyase, also commonly referred to as threonine deaminase or threonine dehydratase, is an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of L-threonine into alpha-ketobutyrate and ammonia.

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TMCO4

Transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 4, TMCO4, is a protein in humans that is encoded by the TMCO4 gene.

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Tolumonas auensis

Tolumonas auensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium in the genus Tolumonas.

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Trace amine-associated receptor

Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs), sometimes referred to as trace amine receptors (TAs or TARs), are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that were discovered in 2001.

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Trans-cinnamate 2-monooxygenase

In enzymology, a trans-cinnamate 2-monooxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 4 substrates of this enzyme are trans-cinnamate, NADPH, H+, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 2-hydroxycinnamate, NADP+, and H2O.

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Trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase

In enzymology, a trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 4 substrates of this enzyme are trans-cinnamate, NADPH, H+, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 4-hydroxycinnamate, NADP+, and H2O.

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Trans-Golgi network vesicle protein 23 A

Trans-Golgi network vesicle protein 23 A (TVP23A) is a protein coded for the TVP23A gene, formally known as FAM18A.

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Transferase

A transferase is any one of a class of enzymes that enact the transfer of specific functional groups (e.g. a methyl or glycosyl group) from one molecule (called the donor) to another (called the acceptor).

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Trp operon

The trp operon is an operon—a group of genes that is used, or transcribed, together—that codes for the components for production of tryptophan.

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Tryptophan 7-halogenase

Tryptophan 7-halogenase (PrnA, RebH) is an enzyme with systematic name L-tryptophan:FADH2 oxidoreductase (7-halogenating).

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Tryptophan—phenylpyruvate transaminase

In enzymology, a tryptophan-phenylpyruvate transaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-tryptophan and phenylpyruvate, whereas its two products are (indol-3-yl)pyruvate and L-phenylalanine.

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Tyrosine

Tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins.

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Tyrosine aminotransferase

Tyrosine aminotransferase (or tyrosine transaminase) is an enzyme present in the liver and catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate.

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Tyrosinemia

Tyrosinemia or tyrosinaemia is an error of metabolism, usually inborn, in which the body cannot effectively break down the amino acid tyrosine.

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Umbellic acid

Umbellic acid (2,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) is a hydroxycinnamic acid.

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Umbelliferone

Umbelliferone, also known as 7-hydroxycoumarin, hydrangine, skimmetine, and beta-umbelliferone, is a natural product of the coumarin family.

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Uremia

Uremia is the condition of having "urea in the blood".

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Urotensin II-related peptide

Urotensin II-related peptide (URP) is a cyclic neuropeptide that is found in all vertebrates that have been genome sequenced so far.

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Urotensin-II

Urotensin-II (U-II) is a peptide ligand that is the strongest known vasoconstrictor.

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Urticaria pigmentosa

Urticaria pigmentosa (also known as generalized eruption of cutaneous mastocytosis (childhood type)James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders..) is the most common form of cutaneous mastocytosis.

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UUC

UUC may refer to.

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UUU

UUU, Uuu, or UuU may refer to.

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Vasopressin

Vasopressin, also named antidiuretic hormone (ADH), arginine vasopressin (AVP) or argipressin, is a hormone synthesized as a peptide prohormone in neurons in the hypothalamus, and is converted to AVP.

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Vasotocin

Vasotocin is an oligopeptide homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin found in all non-mammalian vertebrates (including birds, fishes, and amphibians) and possibly in mammals during the fetal stage of development.

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Venkatraman Ramakrishnan

Venkatraman "Venki" Ramakrishnan (born 1952) is an American and British structural biologist of Indian origin.

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Vertebrate mitochondrial code

The vertebrate mitochondrial code is the genetic code found in the mitochondria of all vertebrata.

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Very short patch repair

Very short patch (VSP) repair is a DNA repair system that removes GT mismatches created by the deamination of 5-methylcytosine to thymine.

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Vosoritide

Vosoritide (INN, codenamed BMN-111) is an experimental drug for the treatment of achondroplasia, the most common cause of dwarfism.

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William Lipscomb

William Nunn Lipscomb Jr. (December 9, 1919April 14, 2011) was a Nobel Prize-winning American inorganic and organic chemist working in nuclear magnetic resonance, theoretical chemistry, boron chemistry, and biochemistry.

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Wiswesser line notation

Wiswesser line notation, also referred to as WLN, invented by William J. Wiswesser in 1949, was the first line notation capable of precisely describing complex molecules.

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Wobble base pair

A wobble base pair is a pairing between two nucleotides in RNA molecules that does not follow Watson-Crick base pair rules.

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Wybutosine

In biochemistry, wybutosine (yW) is a heavily modified nucleoside of phenylalanine transfer RNA that stabilizes interactions between the codons and anti-codons during protein synthesis.

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X-Trp aminopeptidase

Xaa-Trp aminopeptidase (aminopeptidase W, aminopeptidase X-Trp) is an enzyme.

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Xanthohumol

Xanthohumol is a natural product found in the female inflorescences of Humulus lupulus, also known as hops.

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YadA bacterial adhesin protein domain

In molecular biology, YadA is a protein domain which is short for Yersinia adhesin A. These proteins have strong sequence and structural homology, particularly at their C-terminal end.

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Yeast mitochondrial code

The yeast mitochondrial code is a genetic code used by the mitochondrial genome of yeasts, notably Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata, Hansenula saturnus, and Kluyveromyces thermotolerans.

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(R)-4-hydroxyphenyllactate dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a (R)-4-hydroxyphenyllactate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are (R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate, NAD+, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate, NADH, NADPH, and H+.

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1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (commonly called Sanger's reagent, dinitrofluorobenzene, DNFB or FDNB) is a chemical that reacts with the N-terminal amino acid of polypeptides.

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2-coumarate reductase

In enzymology, a 2-coumarate reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are 2-coumarate, NADH, and H+.

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2-enoate reductase

In enzymology, a 2-enoate reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are butanoate and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are 2-butenoate, NADH, and H+.

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2-oxopent-4-enoate hydratase

In enzymology, a 2-oxopent-4-enoate hydratase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate, and two products, 2-oxopent-4-enoate and H2O.

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2001 anthrax attacks

The 2001 anthrax attacks, also known as Amerithrax from its Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) case name, occurred within the United States over the course of several weeks beginning on September 18, 2001, one week after the September 11 attacks.

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3-carboxyethylcatechol 2,3-dioxygenase

In enzymology, a 3-carboxyethylcatechol 2,3-dioxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate and O2, whereas its product is 2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4-diene-1,9-dioate.

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3-dehydroquinate dehydratase

In enzymology, a 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, 3-dehydroquinate, and two products, 3-dehydroshikimate and H2O.

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3-dehydroquinate synthase

In enzymology, a 3-dehydroquinate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, 3-deoxy-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate, and two products, 3-dehydroquinate and phosphate.

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3-Dehydroquinic acid

3-Dehydroquinic acid (DHQ) is the first carbocyclic intermediate of the shikimate pathway.

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4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase

In enzymology, a 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate, and two products, acetaldehyde and pyruvate.

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4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (4-HPPA) is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine.

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5 (gum)

5 is a brand of sugar-free chewing gum that is manufactured by the Wrigley Company.

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5-hour Energy

5-hour Energy (stylized as 5-hour ENERGY) is an American-made "energy shot" manufactured by Living Essentials LLC.

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5-HT2C receptor agonist

Serotonin 5-HT2 receptors are stimulated by monoamine neurotransmitters including serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine.

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5-Hydroxyferulic acid

5-Hydroxyferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid.

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7 Up

7 Up (stylized as 7up outside the U.S.) is a brand of lemon-lime-flavored non-caffeinated soft drink.

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Redirects here:

Boronophenylalanine, C6H5CH2CH(NH2)COOH, D-Phenylalanine, D-phenylalanine, DL-Phenylalanine, DLPA, L-Phenylalanine, L-phenylalanine, Phenilalanine, Phenyl alanine, Phenylalanin, Phenylalanine metabolism, Phenylalanyl, Phenylalmine, Phenylanine.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylalanine

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