Communication

308 relations: Adam Dulęba, Adam Koc, Adam Królikiewicz, Adam Mniszek, Adam Nieniewski, Adam Skwarczyński, Adam Solski, Aleksander Ładoś, Aleksander Litwinowicz, Aleksander Narbut-Łuczyński, Aleksander Stawarz, Aleksander Sulkiewicz, Aleksandra Piłsudska, Aleksandra Zagórska, Alfred Biłyk, Alojzy Wir-Konas, Andrzej Grzegorczyk, Andrzej Małkowski, Andrzej Strug, Andrzej Zawada, Antoni Jakubski, Arthur Szyk, Association of the Polish Youth "Zet", August 1914, August 1915, August 1939, August Zaleski, Augustyn Träger, Austrian Partition, Żurawiejka, Battle of Łowczówek, Battle of Jastków, Battle of Konary, Battle of Kostiuchnówka, Battle of Krzywopłoty, Battle of Mołotków, Battle of Radzymin (1920), Battle of Rafajlowa, Battle of Rarańcza, Beniaminów, Blue Army (Poland), Bohdan Pawłowicz, Bohdan Pniewski, Bolesław Bronisław Duch, Bolesław Roja, Bronisław Pieracki, Bronisław Rakowski, Bruno Olbrycht, Brzustów, Masovian Voivodeship, Casimir, ..., Central Powers, Charge of Rokitna, Clan Ostoja, Cross of Valour (Poland), Czesław Młot-Fijałkowski, Czesław Zbierański, Diplomatic history of World War I, Edmund Charaszkiewicz, Edmund Heldut-Tarnasiewicz, Edward Dojan-Surówka, Edward Rydz-Śmigły, Emil August Fieldorf, Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski, Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski, Feliks Ankerstein, Feliks Młynarski, Ferdynand Zarzycki, First Cadre Company, Football in Poland, Fort Beniaminów, Franciszek Kleeberg, Franciszek Latinik, Franciszek Sikorski, Głogów Małopolski, Gustaw Orlicz-Dreszer, Halszka Wasilewska (soldier), Haren, Germany, Henryk Dobrzański, Henryk Floyar-Rajchman, Henryk Minkiewicz, Henryk Sienkiewicz, Herman Lieberman, History of Kraków, History of Poland, History of Poland (1795–1918), History of Poland during World War I, History of Polish intelligence services, History of the Jews in Poland, History of the Polish Army, Hugo Steinhaus, Ignacy Daszyński, Infiltration tactics, Jan August Kisielewski, Jan Bytnar, Jan Fryling, Jan Jagmin-Sadowski, Jan Mazurkiewicz, Jan Rembowski, Jan Stanisław Jankowski, Janusz Głuchowski, Janusz Jędrzejewicz, Józef Beck, Józef Englicht, Józef Garbień, Józef Haller, Józef Kasparek, Józef Kustroń, Józef Mączka, Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński, Józef Piłsudski, Józef Piłsudski Institute for Research in Modern History of Poland, Józef Smoleński, Józef Wittlin, Józef Zając, Jerzy Łucki, Jerzy Żuławski, Jozef Jaklicz, Julian Kulski, Julian Stachiewicz, Juliusz Kaden-Bandrowski, Juliusz Leo, Juliusz Zulauf, July 1915, July 1916, July 1917, Kajetan Stefanowicz, Kaniv, Karol Adwentowicz, Karol Durski-Trzaska, Karol Wiktor Zawodziński, Kasztanka, Katarzyna Łaniewska, Kazimierz Fabrycy, Kazimierz Iranek-Osmecki, Kazimierz Orlik-Łukoski, Kazimierz Papée, Kazimierz Sichulski, Kazimierz Sosnkowski, Kielce, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918), Kościesza coat of arms, Kordian Józef Zamorski, Kostiukhnivka, Kraków, Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński, Legia Warsaw, Legia Warsaw (sports club), Legion Wschodni, Legionowo, Leon Berbecki, Leon Kozłowski, Leopold Endel-Ragis, Leopold Gottlieb, Leopold Okulicki, Lesser Poland, List of military legions, List of wars involving Poland, List of wartime cross-dressers, Ludomił Rayski, Ludwik Hieronim Morstin, Maciejówka (cap), Maksymilian Węgrzynek, Marian Chodacki, Marian Kukiel, Marian Porwit, Marian Turkowski, Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski, Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski, Michał Pius Römer, Michał Rola-Żymierski, Mieczysław Boruta-Spiechowicz, Mieczysław Norwid-Neugebauer, Mieczysław Smorawiński, Mieczyslaw Rys-Trojanowski, Military Merit Medal (Austria-Hungary), Montelupich Prison, Murmańczycy, National Democracy, November 1914, Nowy Korczyn, Oath crisis, Ożarów, October 1914, Olga Drahonowska-Małkowska, Operational Structure of the Polish Land Forces, Piłsudski's colonels, Piłsudski's Mound, Piłsudskiite, Piotr Choynowski, Polish 1st Legions Infantry Regiment, Polish Armed Forces, Polish Armed Forces in the East (1914–20), Polish Army oaths, Polish Auxiliary Corps, Polish I Corps in Russia, Polish Legion in Finland, Polish Military Organisation, Polish National Organization, Polish national songs, Polish Rifle Squads, Polish Socialist Party – Revolutionary Faction, Polish-Soviet War Polish order of battle, Polska Siła Zbrojna, Provisional Council of State, Puławy Legion, Puppet state, Rakowicki Cemetery, Resistance movements in partitioned Poland (1795–1918), Richard Pipes, Riflemen's Association, Roman Dmowski, Roman Grodecki, Skwierczyński, Stanisław Baczyński, Stanisław Grzmot-Skotnicki, Stanisław Klimecki, Stanisław Lentz, Stanisław Maczek, Stanisław Ostwind-Zuzga, Stanisław Skwarczyński, Stanisław Szeptycki, Stanisław Thugutt, Stanisław Witkowski, Stefan Czarnowski, Stefan Dąb-Biernacki, Stefan Mossor, Stefan Rowecki, Stefan Starzyński, Strike of the generals, Szczypiorno, Tadeusz Ajdukiewicz, Tadeusz Kasprzycki, Tadeusz Klimecki, Tadeusz Münnich, Tadeusz Pełczyński, Tadeusz Piskor, Tadeusz Pruszkowski, Tadeusz Puszczyński, Tadeusz Schaetzel, Tarnów, The Seven Lancers of Belina, Timeline of Polish history, Tomasz Arciszewski, Tomasz Dąbal, Uhlan, Ujazdów Castle, Union of Active Struggle, Wacław Gluth-Nowowiejski, Wacław Jędrzejewicz, Wacław Kostek-Biernacki, Wacław Lipiński, Wacław Piekarski, Wacław Scaevola-Wieczorkiewicz, Wacław Sieroszewski, Wacław Stachiewicz, Walerian Czuma, Wanda Gertz, Wawelberg Group, Władysław Belina-Prażmowski, Władysław Bończa-Uzdowski, Władysław Bortnowski, Władysław Broniewski, Władysław Filipkowski, Władysław Langner, Władysław Marian Jakowicki, Władysław Orkan, Władysław Raczkiewicz, Władysław Sikorski, Włodzimierz Zagórski (general), We Are the First Brigade, Wiktor Tomir Drymmer, Wilhelm Orlik-Rückemann, Wincenty Kowalski, Wincenty Wodzinowski, Witold Lutosławski, World War I casualties, Wound Decoration (Poland), Zarzewie, Zbigniew Dunin-Wasowicz, Zbigniew Herbert, Zdzisław Zakrzewski, Zygmunt Aleksander Wnęk, Zygmunt Berling, Zygmunt Janiszewski, Zygmunt Kisielewski, Zygmunt Wojciechowski, Zygmunt Zieliński (1858–1925), 10 złotych note, 11th Infantry Regiment (Poland), 1919 Polish coup attempt, 1st Brigade, Polish Legions, 1st Cavalry Division (Poland), 1st Legions Infantry Division (Poland), 1st Uhlans Regiment of Polish Legions, 2nd Brigade, Polish Legions, 2nd Legions Infantry Division (Poland), 2nd Legions' Infantry Regiment, 3rd Brigade, Polish Legions, 3rd Legions Infantry Division (Poland), 3rd Legions' Infantry Regiment, 49th Hutsul Rifle Regiment, 4th Legions' Infantry Regiment, 4th Rifle Division (Poland), 5th Legions' Infantry Regiment, 5th Rifle Division (Poland), 6th Legions' Infantry Regiment, 7th Lublin Uhlan Regiment. 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Adam Dulęba

Adam Franciszek Mikołaj Dulęba (6 December 1895 – end of March 1944 in the Gross-Rosen concentration camp) – Polish photographer, officer of the Polish Legions, soldier of Armia Krajowa; known under the pseudonym Góral.

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Adam Koc

Adam Ignacy Koc (31 August 1891 – 3 February 1969) was a Polish politician, MP, soldier, journalist and freemasoner.

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Adam Królikiewicz

Adam Łukasz Królikiewicz (December 9, 1894 – May 4, 1966) was a Polish horse rider, major of Polish Army, who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics.

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Adam Mniszek

Adam Mniszek (15 November 1889 – 16 November 1957) was a lieutenant colonel in the Cavalry of the Polish Army.

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Adam Nieniewski

Colonel Adam Nieniewski (19 May 1886 - 25 April 1947) was a Polish military commander, an officer of the Polish Army and a veteran of World War I, Polish–Soviet War and World War II.

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Adam Skwarczyński

Adam Skwarczynski (Stary, Adam Sliwinski, Adam Plomienczyk, 1886–1934) was a Polish independence activist and politician, one of main ideologists of the Sanacja movement.

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Adam Solski

Adam Solski (born January 4, 1895) was a soldier of Polish Legions in World War I, participant in the Polish–Soviet War, and major of the Polish Army in the interwar period.

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Aleksander Ładoś

Aleksander Ładoś, December 27, 1891 – December 29, 1963) was a Polish politician and diplomat, who 1940-45 headed the Legation of Poland to Switzerland. Ładoś was a member and de facto leader of the Bernese Group, a secret action by the Polish diplomats and Jewish organizations who helped save several hundred Jews from the Holocaust by providing them with illegal Latin American, mostly Paraguayan passports.

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Aleksander Litwinowicz

Aleksander Litwinowicz (1879 — 1948) was a Polish general who was a member of Polish Independence Organizations before World War I and a member of the Polish Legions during the war.

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Aleksander Narbut-Łuczyński

Aleksander Narbut-Łuczyński (February 28, 1890 – July 20, 1977) was a Polish lawyer and military officer, a brigadier general of the Polish Army and a veteran of both the Polish-Bolshevik War and World War II.

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Aleksander Stawarz

Aleksander Stawarz codename: Leśnik, Baca (7 August 1896, Nowy Targ - 28 January 1941, Auschwitz) was a Polish Army Colonel.

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Aleksander Sulkiewicz

Iskander Mirza Huzman Beg Sulkiewicz (December 8, 1867 – September 18, 1916), known as Aleksander Sulkiewicz, was a Polish politician of Lipka Tatar ethnicity who campaigned for Polish independence and co-founded the Polish Socialist Party.

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Aleksandra Piłsudska

Aleksandra Piłsudska (Suwałki, 12 December 1882 – London, 31 March 1963), née Szczerbińska, was the second wife of Józef Piłsudski.

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Aleksandra Zagórska

Lt.

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Alfred Biłyk

Alfred Biłyk (born 25 September 1889 in Lwów, now Ukraine, died 19 September 1939 in Munkacs, Ukraine, then in Hungary) was a Polish lawyer, military officer, and politician, last Voivode of the Lwów Voivodeship.

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Alojzy Wir-Konas

Alojzy Wir-Konas (Maków Podhalański, 1894 – 1940) was a Polish military commander and the Colonel in the Polish Army.

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Andrzej Grzegorczyk

Andrzej Grzegorczyk (22 August 1922 – 20 March 2014) was a Polish logician, mathematician, philosopher, and ethicist noted for his work in computability, mathematical logic, and the foundations of mathematics.

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Andrzej Małkowski

Andrzej Juliusz Małkowski (31 October 1888, Trębki - 15 January 1919, Strait of Messina) was a Polish Scoutmaster (harcmistrz) activist of youth and independence organisations.

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Andrzej Strug

Andrzej Strug, real name Tadeusz (or Stefan) Gałecki (sources vary; 28 November 1871/1873 in Lublin – 9 December 1937 in Warsaw) was a Polish socialist politician, publicist and activist for Poland's independence.

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Andrzej Zawada

Andrzej Zawada, born: Maria Andrzej Zawada, (16 July 1928 in Olsztyn – 21 August 2000 in Warsaw) was a Polish Alpinist and Tatra Mountains climber, pioneer of winter Himalayism.

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Antoni Jakubski

Antoni Władysław Jakubski (1885–1962) was a Polish zoologist and explorer.

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Arthur Szyk

Arthur Szyk (Polish:, June 16, 1894 – September 13, 1951) was a Polish-Jewish artist who worked primarily as a book illustrator and political artist throughout his career.

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Association of the Polish Youth "Zet"

The Związek Młodzieży Polskiej "Zet" ("Union or Association of the Polish Youth "Zet"", abbreviated ZMP or more commonly Zet) was a clandestine organization of Polish students at universities of the three partitioning powers (Russia, Germany, Austria) and other European universities with larger groups of Polish students.

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August 1914

The following events occurred in August 1914.

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August 1915

The following events occurred in August 1915.

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August 1939

The following events occurred in August 1939.

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August Zaleski

August Zaleski (13 September 1883 – 7 April 1972) was a Polish economist, politician, and diplomat.

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Augustyn Träger

Augustyn Träger (25 August 1896 – 22 April 1957), codenames Sęk (Knot) and Tragarz (Porter), was a Polish-Austrian soldier during World War I and an intelligence officer in interwar and German-occupied Poland.

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Austrian Partition

The Austrian Partition (zabór austriacki) comprise the former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth acquired by the Habsburg Monarchy during the Partitions of Poland in the late 18th century.

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Żurawiejka

Żurawiejka was a short, two-line facetious couplet, written specifically for cavalry regiments of the Polish Army in the interbellum period.

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Battle of Łowczówek

Battle of Łowczówek was a battle during World War I, fought on 22–25 December 1914 at Łowczówek, between the First Brigade of the Polish Legions, fighting for Austria-Hungary, and troops of Imperial Russia.

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Battle of Jastków

The Battle of Jastków was a World War I battle that took place July 31–August 3, 1915, near the village of Jastków, then part of the Russian Empire.

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Battle of Konary

The battle of Konary took place during the Great War, in May and June 1915 in the Sandomierz Uplands, near the town of Klimontów, Poland, between the Russian Army and the forces of Józef Piłsudski's Polish Legions.

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Battle of Kostiuchnówka

The Battle of Kostiuchnówka was a World War I battle that took place July 4–6, 1916, near the village of Kostiuchnówka (Kostyukhnivka) and the Styr River in the Volhynia region of modern Ukraine, then part of the Russian Empire.

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Battle of Krzywopłoty

The Battle of Krzywoploty took place on November 17 - 18, 1914, near the village of Krzywoploty, which at that time belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland, and was located near the border with Austrian Galicia.

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Battle of Mołotków

The Battle of Mołotków (Polish: Bitwa pod Mołotkowem) took place on October 29, 1914, near the village of Mołotków (Molotkiv), Austrian Galicia (current Ukraine).

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Battle of Radzymin (1920)

The Battle of Radzymin (Bitwa pod Radzyminem) took place during the Polish–Soviet War (1919–21).

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Battle of Rafajlowa

The Battle of Rafajlowa took place in the night of January 23–24, 1915, during World War I. The 2nd Brigade, Polish Legions, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Army repelled a night raid of the Russian Imperial Army, which was aimed at blocking all passes through Gorgany mountain range in Eastern Carpathians.

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Battle of Rarańcza

The Battle of Rarańcza was fought between Polish Legionnaires, and Austria-Hungary, from February 15 to 16, 1918, near Rarańcza in Bukovina, and ended with a Polish victory.

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Beniaminów

Beniaminów is a village in Poland.

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Blue Army (Poland)

The Blue Army (Polish: Błękitna Armia), or Haller's Army was a Polish military contingent created in France during the latter stages of World War I. The name came from the French-issued blue military uniforms worn by the soldiers.

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Bohdan Pawłowicz

Bohdan Pawłowicz (February 2, 1899 - May 28, 1967) was a Polish writer, journalist, radio broadcaster and a Polonia activist.

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Bohdan Pniewski

Bohdan Wiktor Kazimierz Pniewski (born 26 August 1897 in Warsaw, died 5 September 1965 in Warsaw) was a Polish modernist architect, professor at the Warsaw University of Technology and the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw.

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Bolesław Bronisław Duch

Bolesław Bronisław Duch (1885–1980) was a Polish Major General and General Inspector of the Armed Forces in 1980.

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Bolesław Roja

Brig. Gen. Bolesław Jerzy Roja (4 April 1876 − 27 May 1940) was an officer of the Polish Legions in World War I, a general, and a politician in the Second Polish Republic, recipient of some of the highest Polish military awards including Virtuti Militari.

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Bronisław Pieracki

Bronisław Wilhelm Pieracki (28 May 1895 in Gorlice - 15 June 1934 in Warsaw) was a Polish military officer and politician.

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Bronisław Rakowski

Bronisław Stanisław Rakowski (20 June 1895 in Szczucin – 28 December 1950 in Buenos Aires) was a Polish general.

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Bruno Olbrycht

Bruno Olbrycht (nom de guerre: Olza; 6 October 1895 – 23 March 1951) was a soldier of the Austro-Hungarian Army and officer (later general) of the Polish Army both in the Second Polish Republic and postwar Poland.

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Brzustów, Masovian Voivodeship

Brzustów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Garbatka-Letnisko, within Kozienice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

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Casimir

Casimir is an English, French and Latin form of the Polish name Kazimierz.

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Central Powers

The Central Powers (Mittelmächte; Központi hatalmak; İttifak Devletleri / Bağlaşma Devletleri; translit), consisting of Germany,, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria – hence also known as the Quadruple Alliance (Vierbund) – was one of the two main factions during World War I (1914–18).

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Charge of Rokitna

The Charge of Rokitna (Szarża pod Rokitną) was a charge of a cavalry squadron of the 2nd Brigade of Polish Legions, fighting for the Austro-Hungarian Army.

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Clan Ostoja

Clan Ostoja (ancient Polish: Ostoya) was a powerful group of knights and lords in late-medieval Europe.

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Cross of Valour (Poland)

The Cross of Valor (Krzyż Walecznych) is a Polish military decoration.

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Czesław Młot-Fijałkowski

Czesław Młot-Fijałkowski (1892–1944) was a Polish military officer and a brigadier general of the Polish Army.

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Czesław Zbierański

Czesław Michał Zbierański (1885–1982) was a Polish engineer, pioneer of Polish aviation, major of Polish Army.

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Diplomatic history of World War I

The Diplomatic history of World War I covers the non-military interactions among the major players during World War I. For the domestic histories see Home front during World War I. For a longer-term perspective see International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919) and Causes of World War I. For the following era see International relations (1919–1939).

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Edmund Charaszkiewicz

Edmund Kalikst Eugeniusz Charaszkiewicz (Poniec, 14 October 1895 – 22 December 1975, London) was a Polish military intelligence officer who specialized in clandestine warfare.

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Edmund Heldut-Tarnasiewicz

Edmund Wacław Heldut - Tarnasiewicz alias " Heldut " (born July 17, 1892 in Radom, Poland and died April 2, 1952 in London, United Kingdom).

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Edward Dojan-Surówka

Jan Edward Dojan-Surowka (27 December 1894, Wielopole Skrzynskie - 6 November 1982) was a soldier of the Polish Legions in World War One and Colonel of Infantry in the Polish Army in the interwar period.

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Edward Rydz-Śmigły

Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły (11 March 1886 – 2 December 1941; nom de guerre Śmigły, Tarłowski, Adam Zawisza), also called Edward Śmigły-Rydz, was a Polish politician, statesman, Marshal of Poland and Commander-in-Chief of Poland's armed forces, as well as painter and poet.

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Emil August Fieldorf

Emil August Fieldorf “Nil” (20 March 1895 – 24 February 1953) was a Polish brigadier general and a Second World War hero.

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Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski

Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski (30 December 1888, Kraków – 22 August 1974, Kraków) was a Polish politician and economist, Deputy Prime Minister of Poland, government minister and manager of the Second Polish Republic.

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Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski

Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski (9 June 1885,http://www.generals.dk/general/S%C5%82awoj-Sk%C5%82adkowski/Felicjan/Poland.html Gąbin – 31 August 1962) was a Polish physician,Waclaw Jedrzejewicz Piłsudski: A Life for Poland Hippocrene, 1982 Page 246 general and politician who served as Minister of Internal Affairs and is 28th Prime Minister of Poland before World War II.

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Feliks Ankerstein

Feliks Józef Ankerstein (1897 – ? 1955) was a Polish Army major and intelligence officer.

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Feliks Młynarski

Feliks Młynarski (20 November 1884 – 13 April 1972) was a Polish banker, philosopher and economist.

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Ferdynand Zarzycki

Ferdynand Zarzycki (1888, Tarnów - 1958) was a Polish general and politician.

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First Cadre Company

The First Cadre Company (Pierwsza Kompania Kadrowa) was a Polish military formation created in the Austro-Hungarian Army at the outbreak of World War I. The company was founded by Józef Piłsudski on August 3, 1914 in Cracow.

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Football in Poland

Football is the most popular sport in Poland.

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Fort Beniaminów

Fort Beniaminów is a military installation in Beniaminów, some east of Warsaw.

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Franciszek Kleeberg

Franciszek Kleeberg (1 February 1888, Tarnopol – 5 April 1941 near Dresden) was a Polish general.

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Franciszek Latinik

Franciszek Ksawery Latinik (17 July 1864 – 29 August 1949) was a Polish military officer, Colonel of Austro-Hungarian Army and Major General of the Polish Army.

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Franciszek Sikorski

Franciszek Jozef Sikorski (October 4, 1889 Lwow - spring 1940 Kharkov) was a Polish engineer, General brygady of the Polish Army and a victim of the Katyn massacre.

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Głogów Małopolski

Głogów Małopolski is a town in Rzeszów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland.

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Gustaw Orlicz-Dreszer

Gustaw Konstanty Orlicz-Dreszer (October 2, 1889 − July 16, 1936) was a Polish general, and a political and social activist.

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Halszka Wasilewska (soldier)

Halszka Wasilewska, sometimes called Halina, (21 March 1899 – 8 February 1961), WW2 Nom-de-guerre Krystyna, was one of the first women to attain the rank of Major in the Polish Armed Forces.

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Haren, Germany

Haren (Polish: 1945–1948 Maczków) is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany in the district of Emsland.

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Henryk Dobrzański

Major Henryk Dobrzański aka "Hubal" (22 June 1897 - 30 April 1940) was a Polish soldier, sportsman and partisan.

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Henryk Floyar-Rajchman

Henryk Floyar-Rajchman (December 7, 1893 - March 22, 1951) was a Polish statesman and a founding member of the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America for Research in the Modern History of Poland created in New York City in July 1943.

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Henryk Minkiewicz

Henryk Minkiewicz (19 January 1880 – 9 April 1940) was a Polish socialist politician and a General of the Polish Army.

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Henryk Sienkiewicz

Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz (also known by the pseudonym "Litwos"; 5 May 1846 – 15 November 1916) was a Polish journalist, novelist and Nobel Prize laureate.

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Herman Lieberman

Herman Lieberman (4 January 1870 – 21 October 1941) was a Polish lawyer and socialist politician.

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History of Kraków

Kraków (Cracow) is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland, with the urban population of 756,441 (2008).

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History of Poland

The history of Poland has its roots in the migrations of Slavs, who established permanent settlements in the Polish lands during the Early Middle Ages.

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History of Poland (1795–1918)

In 1795 the third and the last of the three 18th-century partitions of Poland ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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History of Poland during World War I

While Poland did not exist as an independent state during World War I, its geographical position between the fighting powers meant that much fighting and terrific human and material losses occurred on the Polish lands between 1914 and 1918.

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History of Polish intelligence services

This article covers the history of Polish Intelligence services dating back to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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History of the Jews in Poland

The history of the Jews in Poland dates back over 1,000 years.

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History of the Polish Army

The Polish Army (Wojsko Polskie) is the name applied to the military forces of Poland.

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Hugo Steinhaus

Władysław Hugo Dionizy Steinhaus (January 14, 1887 – February 25, 1972) was a Jewish-Polish mathematician and educator.

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Ignacy Daszyński

Ignacy Ewaryst Daszyński (Zbaraż, 26 October 1866 – 31 October 1936, Bystra Śląska) was a Polish socialist politician, journalist, and very briefly Prime Minister of the Second Polish Republic's first government, formed in Lublin in 1918.

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Infiltration tactics

In warfare, infiltration tactics involve small independent light infantry forces advancing into enemy rear areas, bypassing enemy front-line strongpoints, possibly isolating them for attack by follow-up troops with heavier weapons.

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Jan August Kisielewski

Jan August Kisielewski (Rzeszów, 1876 – 1918, Warsaw), was a Polish writer, essayist and playwright associated with the Young Poland literary movement at the turn of the century.

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Jan Bytnar

Jan Roman Bytnar, nom de guerre "Rudy" (ginger) (born 6 May 1921, Kolbuszowa, Poland - died 30 March 1943, Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish scoutmaster, a member of Polish scouting anti-Nazi resistance, and a lieutenant in the Home Army during the Second World War.

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Jan Fryling

Jan Fryling (born October 8, 1891 in Lwów, died March 3, 1977 in New York City) was a Polish diplomat, writer, journalist and president of the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America in the years 1972-1977.

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Jan Jagmin-Sadowski

Jan Jagmin-Sadowski (April 24, 1895 in Grójec – October 5, 1977 in Warsaw), was a general of the Polish Army, having served in World War I as a member of Józef Piłsudski's legions, as well as commanding Polish forces during the invasion of Poland in 1939.

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Jan Mazurkiewicz

Jan Mazurkiewicz (27 August 1896, Lwów – 4 May 1988, Warsaw), nom de guerre Radosław, was a Polish soldier, veteran of World War I, and a colonel in the Polish anti-Nazi resistance Armia Krajowa (AK) during World War II.

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Jan Rembowski

Jan Rembowski (12 January 1879, Warsaw - 26 January 1923, Warsaw) was a Polish Symbolist painter, pastelist and sculptor.

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Jan Stanisław Jankowski

Jan Stanisław Jankowski (6 May 1882 – 13 March 1953; noms de guerre Doktor, Jan, Klonowski, Sobolewski, Soból) was a Polish politician, an important figure in the Polish civil resistance during World War II and a Government Delegate at Home.

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Janusz Głuchowski

Janusz Julian Głuchowski (nom de guerre Janusz) was a divisional general of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic.

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Janusz Jędrzejewicz

Janusz Jędrzejewicz (21 June 1885 – 16 March 1951) was a Polish politician and educator, a leader of the Sanacja political group, and 24th Prime Minister of Poland from 1933 to 1934.

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Józef Beck

Józef Beck (4 October 1894 – 5 June 1944) was a Polish statesman who served the Second Republic of Poland as a diplomat and military officer, and was a close associate of Józef Piłsudski.

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Józef Englicht

Józef Englicht (1891–1954) was a Polish Army lieutenant colonel and intelligence officer.

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Józef Garbień

Józef Daniel Garbień (December 11, 1896 — May 3, 1954), was a Polish football striker who played for both Pogoń Lwów and the national team.

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Józef Haller

Józef Haller von Hallenburg (13 August 1873 – 4 June 1960) was a Lieutenant General of the Polish Army, a legionary in the Polish Legions, harcmistrz (the highest Scouting instructor rank in Poland), the President of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association (ZHP), and a political and social activist.

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Józef Kasparek

Józef Kasparek (1915–2002) was a Polish lawyer, historian and political scientist.

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Józef Kustroń

Józef Rudolf Kustroń (born October 16, 1892 in Stryj - died September 16, 1939 in the village of Ulazow, during the Polish September Campaign) was a Brigadier General of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic, commandant of the 21st Mountain Infantry Division.

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Józef Mączka

Józef Mieczysław Mączka (2 June 1888– 9 September 1918) was a Polish soldier, poet of the Polish Legions.

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Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński

Józef Konstanty Olszyna-Wilczyński (27 November 1890 – 22 September 1939) was a Polish general and one of the high-ranking commanders of the Polish Army.

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Józef Piłsudski

Józef Klemens Piłsudski (5 December 1867 – 12 May 1935) was a Polish statesman; he was Chief of State (1918–22), "First Marshal of Poland" (from 1920), and de facto leader (1926–35) of the Second Polish Republic as the Minister of Military Affairs.

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Józef Piłsudski Institute for Research in Modern History of Poland

The Józef Piłsudski Institute for Research in Modern History of Poland (Instytut Józefa Piłsudskiego Poświęcony Badaniu Najnowszej Historii Polski) is an institution founded in Warsaw in 1923 to preserve and study the recent history of Poland.

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Józef Smoleński

Józef Smoleński (1894 - 1978) was a soldier of Polish Legions in World War I and General brygady of the Polish Army.

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Józef Wittlin

Józef Wittlin (1896–1976) was a Polish novelist, poet and translator.

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Józef Zając

Józef Ludwik Zając (pron. Za-YANTz) (1891–1963) was a Polish general and pilot.

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Jerzy Łucki

Jerzy Michał Łucki (24 September 1898 – 18 September 1939) was a Polish bobsledder, military officer and athlete.

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Jerzy Żuławski

Jerzy Żuławski (14 July 1874 – 9 August 1915) was a Polish literary figure, philosopher, translator, alpinist and nationalist whose best-known work is the science-fiction epic, Trylogia Księżycowa (The Lunar Trilogy), written between 1901 and 1911.

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Jozef Jaklicz

Jozef Jaklicz (1894–1974) was a soldier of the Austro-Hungarian Army and the Polish Legions in World War I, and officer of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic, nominated to the rank of General brygady.

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Julian Kulski

Julian Kulski (5 December 1892 in Warsaw – 18 August 1976 in Warsaw) was a civil servant, best known for being Mayor of Warsaw during World War II.

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Julian Stachiewicz

Brigadier General Julian Stachiewicz (1890-1934) was a Polish Army officer and a historian and writer.

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Juliusz Kaden-Bandrowski

Juliusz Kaden-Bandrowski (24 February 1885 in Rzeszów – 8 August 1944 in Warsaw) was a Polish journalist and novelist.

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Juliusz Leo

Juliusz Franciszek Leo (15 September 1861 - 22 February 1918) was a Polish politician and academic from Kraków, Poland, while the city was part of the Austrian Empire, then Austria-Hungary.

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Juliusz Zulauf

Juliusz Zulauf (August 20, 1891 – May 21, 1943) was a Polish Army brigadier general (generał brygady).

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July 1915

The following events occurred in July 1915.

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July 1916

The following events occurred in July 1916.

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July 1917

The following events occurred in July 1917.

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Kajetan Stefanowicz

Kajetan Stefanowicz (12 July 1886, Drohobycz - 20 September 1920, near Rohaczów) was a Polish Art-Nouveau painter and illustrator of Armenian ancestry who served as a Rotmistrz (Cavalry Captain) with the Polish Legions in World War I.

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Kaniv

Kaniv (Канів,; Ка́нев, translit. Kanev; Kaniów) is a city located in Cherkasy Oblast (province) in central Ukraine.

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Karol Adwentowicz

Karol Adwentowicz (19 October 1871 – 19 July 1958) was a Polish actor and theater director.

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Karol Durski-Trzaska

Karol Durski-Trzaska (1849–1935) was an officer in Austro-Hungarian Army and later, Polish Army.

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Karol Wiktor Zawodziński

Karol Wiktor Zawodziński, pseudonym Karol de Johne, (1890–1949) was highly acclaimed Polish literary critic, theoretist and historian of literature.

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Kasztanka

Kasztanka (Polish for "chestnut mare"; born 1909 or 1910, died November 23, 1927) was the famous mare that belonged to interwar Poland's leader, Marshal Józef Piłsudski.

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Katarzyna Łaniewska

Katarzyna Janina Łaniewska-Błaszczak (born 20 June 1933) is a Polish theatre and film acress, opposition activist in the Polish People's Republic, and a political activist since 1989.

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Kazimierz Fabrycy

Kazimierz Fabrycy (3 March 1888, Odessa - 18 July 1958) was a Polish general.

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Kazimierz Iranek-Osmecki

Kazimierz Wincenty Iranek-Osmecki (noms de guerre Kazimierz Jarecki, Włodzimierz Ronczewski, Makary, Antoni Heller, Pstrąg; 5 September 1897 – 22 May 1984, London) was an infantry colonel (pułkownik) in the Polish Army, and colonel in Poland's Home Army (AK).

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Kazimierz Orlik-Łukoski

Kazimierz Orlik-Łukoski (13 September 1890 – 1940) was a Polish military commander and one of the Generals of the Polish Army murdered by the Soviet Union in the Katyń massacre of 1940.

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Kazimierz Papée

Dr.

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Kazimierz Sichulski

Kazimierz Sichulski (17 January 1879, Lwów - 6 November 1942, Lwów) was a Polish painter, lithographer and caricaturist; associated with the Young Poland movement.

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Kazimierz Sosnkowski

General Kazimierz Sosnkowski (19 November 1885 in Warsaw – 11 October 1969 in Arundel, Quebec) was a Polish nobleman, independence fighter, diplomat, architect, politician and a Polish Army general.

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Kielce

Kielce is a city in south central Poland with 199,475 inhabitants.

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Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria

The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, also known as Galicia or Austrian Poland, became a crownland of the Habsburg Monarchy as a result of the First Partition of Poland in 1772 and the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, when it became a Kingdom under Habsburg rule.

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Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918)

The Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Polskie), also known informally as the Regency Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Regencyjne), was a proposed puppet state of the German Empire during World War I.The Regency Kingdom has been referred to as a puppet state by Norman Davies in Europe: A history; by Jerzy Lukowski and Hubert Zawadzki in A Concise History of Poland; by Piotr J. Wroblel in Chronology of Polish History and Nation and History; and by Raymond Leslie Buell in Poland: Key to Europe ("The Polish Kingdom... was merely a pawn ").

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Kościesza coat of arms

Kościesza (Strzegomia, Strzegomya) - is a Polish coat of arms used by szlachta families in the times of Kingdom of Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Kordian Józef Zamorski

Kordian Józef Zamorski (Rzepiennik, near Gorlice, April 1, 1890 – December 19, 1983, London) was a Polish military officer and (1935–39) chief of the Polish State Police (Policja Państwowa).

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Kostiukhnivka

Kostyukhnivka (Ukrainian: Костюхнівка, Polish: Kostiuchnówka) is a village in Volyn Oblast, Manevytskyi Raion of Ukraine.

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Kraków

Kraków, also spelled Cracow or Krakow, is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.

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Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński

Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński, (nom de guerre: Jan Bugaj; January 22, 1921 – August 4, 1944) was a Polish poet and Home Army soldier, one of the most renowned authors of the Generation of Columbuses, the young generation of Polish poets of whom several perished in the Warsaw Uprising and during the German occupation of Poland.

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Legia Warsaw

Legia Warszawa, known in English as Legia Warsaw, is a professional football club based in Warsaw, Poland.

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Legia Warsaw (sports club)

Legia Warsaw or Legia Warszawa is a Polish multi-sports club based in Warsaw, Poland.

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Legion Wschodni

Legion Wschodni (English: Eastern Legion) was a Polish military formation, part of the Austro-Hungarian Army, created in Lwów, Austrian Galicia, in early August 1914.

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Legionowo

Legionowo is a town in Masovia (Mazowsze).

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Leon Berbecki

Leon Berbecki (28 July 1875, Lublin – 23 March 1963, Gliwice) was a Polish army officer, who fought in the Russo-Japanese War and World War I with the Imperial Russian Army.

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Leon Kozłowski

Leon Tadeusz Kozłowski (6 June 1892 – 11 May 1944) was a Polish archaeologist and politician who served as Prime Minister of Poland from 1934 to 1935, before being convicted and sentenced to death for Treason during World War II.

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Leopold Endel-Ragis

Leopold Endel-Ragis (1894–1943) was soldier of the Polish Legions in World War I and the Austro-Hungarian Army, and colonel of infantry of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic (1918 - 1939).

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Leopold Gottlieb

Leopold Gottlieb (1883, Drohobycz, Partitioned Poland – Paris, 1934) was a Polish-Jewish modernist painter.

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Leopold Okulicki

General Leopold Okulicki (noms de guerre Kobra, Niedźwiadek; 1898 – 1946) was a General of the Polish Army and the last commander of the anti-German underground Home Army during World War II.

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Lesser Poland

Lesser Poland (Polish: Małopolska, Latin: Polonia Minor) is a historical region (dzielnica) of Poland; its capital is the city of Kraków.

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List of military legions

This list of military legions is in chronological order where possible.

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List of wars involving Poland

This is a chronological list of military conflicts in which Polish armed forces won or took place on Polish territory from the reign of Mieszko I (960–992) to the ongoing military operations.

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List of wartime cross-dressers

Many people have engaged in cross-dressing during wartime under various circumstances and for various motives.

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Ludomił Rayski

Ludomił Antoni Rayski (December 29, 1892 – April 11, 1977) was a Polish engineer, pilot, military officer and aviator.

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Ludwik Hieronim Morstin

Ludwik Hieronim Morstin, born in Pławowice on 12 December 1886 was a soldier, diplomat, editor and poet.

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Maciejówka (cap)

Maciejówka (literally "Maciej's cap") is a type of headgear popular in late 19th and early 20th century Poland.

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Maksymilian Węgrzynek

Maksymilian Węgrzynek (1892 – November 8, 1944) was a Polish-American publisher (Nowy Świat), social activist as well as one of the founders of the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America and the Polish American Congress.

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Marian Chodacki

Marian Stanisław Chodacki (July 15, 1898, Nowy Sącz - June 26, 1975, New York City) – certified colonel of the infantry branch of the Polish Army under the Second Republic, diplomat, the last Commissioner General of the Republic of Poland in the Free City of Gdańsk in the years 1936-1939, executive director of the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America in the years 1949-1951.

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Marian Kukiel

Marian Włodzimierz Kukiel (pseudonyms: Marek Kąkol, Stach Zawierucha; 15 May 1885 in Dąbrowa Tarnowska – 15 August 1972 in London) was a Polish major general, historian, social and political activist.

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Marian Porwit

Marian Porwit (1895-1988) was a Polish military officer, a Colonel of the Polish Army and a military historian.

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Marian Turkowski

Marian Turkowski (1894 - 1948) was a soldier of Polish Legions in World War I and Polish II Corps in Russia, and officer, later General brygady of the Polish Army.

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Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski

Marian Zyndram-Kościałkowski (16 March 1892, Pandėlys, Kovno Governorate – 12 April 1946 near Woking) was a Polish politician and military officer who served as voivode of Białystok Voivodeship in 1930-1934, Mayor of Warsaw in 1934 and 27th Prime Minister of Poland from 1935 to 1936.

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Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski

General Michał Tadeusz Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski, Coat of arms of Trąby pseudonym Doktor, Stolarski, TorwidJozef Garlinski Poland in the Second World War, Page 40 (b. 5 January 1893 in Lwów - 22 May 1964 in Casablanca, Morocco) was a Polish general, founder of the resistance movement "Polish Victory Service".

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Michał Pius Römer

Michał Pius Römer (originally Michael von Römer, later using the Lithuanian form Mykolas Römeris) (1880 in Bagdoniškis – 1945 in Vilnius) was a Lithuanian lawyer, scientist and politician.

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Michał Rola-Żymierski

Michał Rola-Żymierski (September 4, 1890October 15, 1989) was a Polish high-ranking Communist Party leader, communist military commander, NKVD secret agent, and Marshal of Poland by Joseph Stalin's order from 1945 until his death.

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Mieczysław Boruta-Spiechowicz

Mieczysław Ludwik Boruta-Spiechowicz (20 February 1894, Rzeszów – 13 October 1985, Zakopane) was a Polish military officer, a general of the Polish Army and a notable member of the post-war anti-communist opposition in Poland.

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Mieczysław Norwid-Neugebauer

Mieczysław Norwid-Neugebauer (15 February 1884 in Rzejowice, near Radomsko – 18 October 1954 in Toronto) was a minister in the interwar Polish government, and a major general in the Polish Army.

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Mieczysław Smorawiński

Brigadier General Mieczysław Makary Smorawiński (1893–1940), was a Polish military commander and officer of the Polish Army.

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Mieczyslaw Rys-Trojanowski

Mieczyslaw Rys-Trojanowski (October 21, 1881 in Krośniewice – April 4, 1945 in Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp) was a General brygady of Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic.

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Military Merit Medal (Austria-Hungary)

The Military Merit Medal (Militär-Verdienstmedaille, Katonai Érdemérem, Vojna medalja za zasluge) was a military decoration of the Empire of Austria-Hungary.

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Montelupich Prison

The Montelupich prison, so called from the street in which it is located, the ulica Montelupich ("street of the Montelupi family"),Ulica Montelupich or "street of the Montelupis" itself is named after the Montelupi manor house (kamienica) located at Montelupich street Number 7, the so called Kamienica Montelupich built in the 16th century, and in the 19th century adapted as part of the Austrian military tribunal.

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Murmańczycy

Murmańczycy (Murmansk Group or Murmanians) was a common name for Polish military formations which fought against the Bolsheviks in the area of Murmansk and Arkhangelsk, northern Russia, in 1918–1919.

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National Democracy

National Democracy (Narodowa Demokracja, also known from its abbreviation ND as "Endecja") was a Polish political movement active from the second half of the 19th century under the foreign partitions of the country until the end of the Second Polish Republic.

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November 1914

The following events occurred in November 1914.

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Nowy Korczyn

Nowy Korczyn is a village in Busko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland.

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Oath crisis

The Oath crisis (Kryzys przysięgowy) was a World War I political conflict between the Imperial German Army command and the Józef Piłsudski-led Polish Legions.

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Ożarów

Ożarów is a town in Poland, in the province of Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in Opatów county (Powiat of Opatów), historic Lesser Poland, with 4,906 inhabitants as of December 31, 2004.

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October 1914

The following events occurred in October 1914.

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Olga Drahonowska-Małkowska

Olga Drahonowska-Małkowska (January 9, 1888, Krzeszowice, Poland – January 15, 1979, Zakopane, Poland), with her husband, founded scouting in Poland.

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Operational Structure of the Polish Land Forces

The full structure of the Polish Land Forces is.

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Piłsudski's colonels

Piłsudski's colonels,, TIME, Monday, April 07, 1930, TIME, Monday, December 25, 1933 or the colonels' regime (in Polish called simply "the colonels"), dominated the government of the Second Polish Republic from 1926 to 1939.

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Piłsudski's Mound

Piłsudski's Mound (also known as Independence Mound or Freedom Mound) (Polish Kopiec Piłsudskiego) is located in Kraków, Poland, and was established by the Polish nation in honor of Józef Piłsudski.

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Piłsudskiite

A Piłsudskiite was a supporter of Poland's Marshal Józef Piłsudski, founder of the World War I-era Polish Legions and the first Chief of State of the Second Republic of Poland.

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Piotr Choynowski

Piotr Choynowski (Warsaw, 27 August 1885 – 25 November 1935, Otwock) was a Polish writer, novelist and translator; an elected member of the prestigious Polish Academy of Literature from 1933.

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Polish 1st Legions Infantry Regiment

First Legions Infantry Regiment of Józef Piłsudski (Polish language: 1 Pulk Piechoty Legionow Jozefa Pilsudskiego; 1 pp Leg.) was an infantry regiment of the Polish Army in 1914-1939.

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Polish Armed Forces

The Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland (Polish:Siły Zbrojne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, abbreviated SZ RP; popularly called Wojsko Polskie in Poland, abbreviated WP—roughly, the "Polish Military") are the national armed forces of the Republic of Poland.

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Polish Armed Forces in the East (1914–20)

Polish Armed Forces in the East around World War I is a term used for several Polish military formations formed in Russia and operating in the period of 1914–1920 (First World War, Russian Revolution of 1917, and the early stages of the Polish-Ukrainian War and Polish-Soviet War. Early formations were part of the Imperial Russian Army. Later, during the Russian Revolution, the Polish formations were mainly allied to the White Russian forces and the Western powers (both the German Empire and the Entente). All the formations (or their remains) were eventually incorporated into the Polish Army by 1920.

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Polish Army oaths

The following is a list of the Polish military oaths, both historical and contemporary.

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Polish Auxiliary Corps

Polish Auxiliary Corps (Polski Korpus Posiłkowy) was the name of the Polish military formation in the Austro-Hungarian Army, based on the Polish Legions.

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Polish I Corps in Russia

Polish I Corps in Russia (I Korpus Polski w Rosji) was a Polish military formation formed in Belarus, in August 1917 in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917, from soldiers of Polish origin serving in the Russian Army.

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Polish Legion in Finland

Polish Legion in Finland (Legion Polski w Finlandii) was a military unit made up of ethnic Poles who had been soldiers of the Russian Imperial Army in World War I. Created on April 24, 1917, in Viipuri, the unit existed until March 1, 1918.

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Polish Military Organisation

Polish Military Organisation, PMO ('Polska Organizacja Wojskowa', POW) was a secret military organization created by Józef Piłsudski in August 1914, and officially named in November 1914, during World War I. Its tasks were to gather intelligence and sabotage the enemies of the Polish people.

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Polish National Organization

Polish National Organization (Polska Organizacja Narodowa) was a Polish political organisation formed by Józef Piłsudski after the split of Supreme National Committee (Naczelny Komitet Narodowy) on 5 September 1914.

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Polish national songs

This is a list of Polish national and patriotic songs.

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Polish Rifle Squads

The Polish Rifle Squads (Polskie Drużyny Strzeleckie, PDS) was a Polish pro-independence paramilitary organization, founded in 1911 by the Youth Independence Organization Zarzewie in the Austro-Hungarian sector of partitioned Poland.

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Polish Socialist Party – Revolutionary Faction

The Polish Socialist Party – Revolutionary Faction (Polska Partia Socjalistyczna – Frakcja Rewolucyjna, PPS–FR) also known as the Old Faction (Starzy) was one of two factions into which the Polish Socialist Party split in 1906.

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Polish-Soviet War Polish order of battle

During the Polish–Soviet War of liberation fought between February 1919 and March 1921 between the Bolshevik Russia and the reemerging sovereign Poland – right after the conclusion of World War I in Europe – the Polish order of battle included broad disposition of personnel, strength, organization, and command structure.

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Polska Siła Zbrojna

Royal Polish Army contemptuously nicknamed die Polnische Wehrmacht by Imperial Germany (Polska Siła Zbrojna) was a military formation created during World War I in direct response to Piłsudski's refusal to swear an oath of allegiance to Germany.

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Provisional Council of State

Provisional Council of State (tymczasowa Rada Stanu, German:Provisorische Staatsrat im Koenigreich Polen) was the first government of the Kingdom of Poland, a new state created by the military authorities of Germany and Austria on some Polish lands during First World War.

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Puławy Legion

Puławy Legion (Legion Puławski) was a Polish military formation of World War I, as part of the Imperial Russian Army.

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Puppet state

A puppet state is a state that is supposedly independent but is in fact dependent upon an outside power.

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Rakowicki Cemetery

Rakowicki Cemetery (Cmentarz Rakowicki) is a cemetery in Poland, located in the centre of Kraków.

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Resistance movements in partitioned Poland (1795–1918)

There were many resistance movements in partitioned Poland between 1795 and 1918.

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Richard Pipes

Richard Edgar Pipes (Ryszard Pipes; July 11, 1923 – May 17, 2018) was a Polish American academic who specialized in Russian history, particularly with respect to the Soviet Union, who espoused a strong anti-communist point of view throughout his career.

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Riflemen's Association

The Polish Riflemen's Association known as Związek Strzelecki (or more commonly, in the plural form as Związki Strzeleckie) formed in great numbers prior to World War I. One of the better known associations called "Strzelec" (Riflemen's Association "Rifleman") was a Polish paramilitary cultural and educational organization created in 1910 in Lwów as a legal front of Związek Walki Czynnej, and somewhat reinstated in present-day Poland in 1991, after the fall of communism.

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Roman Dmowski

Roman Stanisław Dmowski (9 August 1864 – 2 January 1939) was a Polish politician, statesman, and co-founder and chief ideologue of the right-wing National Democracy ("ND": in Polish, "Endecja") political movement.

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Roman Grodecki

Roman Grodecki (21 April 1889 in Rzeszów – 17 April 1964 in Kraków) was a Polish economic historian, a professor at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, and a member of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences.

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Skwierczyński

Skwierczyński (different spellings: Skwirczyński, Śkwirczyński) of Ślepowron is the surname of a Polish szlachta (nobility) family from Podlaskie.

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Stanisław Baczyński

Stanisław Baczyński aka "Adam Kersten", "Bittner", "Akst" (27 July 1890 in Lwów – 27 July 1939 in Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish writer, literary critic, journalist, soldier of the Polish Legions and captain of the Polish Army.

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Stanisław Grzmot-Skotnicki

Stanisław Grzmot-Skotnicki (1894–1939) was a Polish military commander and a general of the Polish Army.

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Stanisław Klimecki

Stanisław Klimecki (November 20, 1883 – December 11, 1942) was a Polish lawyer, social activist, and the President of Kraków at the time of the German invasion of Poland in September 1939.

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Stanisław Lentz

Stanislaw Lentz (born April 23, 1861 in Warsaw, d. October 19, 1920) was a Polish painter, portraitist, illustrator, as well as a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw from 1909.

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Stanisław Maczek

General Stanisław Maczek (31 March 1892 – 11 December 1994) was a Polish tank commander of World War II, whose division was instrumental in the Allied liberation of France, closing the Falaise pocket, resulting in the destruction of 14 German Wehrmacht and SS divisions.

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Stanisław Ostwind-Zuzga

Stanisław Ostwind-Zuzga (code-names “Kropidło”, “Bolesław", born 26 April 1899, died 4 February 1945 in Warsaw) – Master Sergeant of Polish Army, major of National Armed Forces (NSZ), local commandant of NSZ in Węgrów, one of the highest ranked officers of Jewish background in Polish anti-Nazi resistance during World War II.

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Stanisław Skwarczyński

Stanisław Skwarczyński (1888 – 1981) was a soldier of the Austro-Hungarian Army, officer of Polish Legions in World War I, and General brygady of the Polish Army.

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Stanisław Szeptycki

Count Stanisław Maria Szeptycki (3 November 1867 – 9 October 1950) was a Polish count, general and military commander.

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Stanisław Thugutt

Stanisław August Thugutt (30 July 1873, Łęczyca - 15 June 1941, Stockholm) was a Polish activist and politician during the interwar period of the (Second Polish Republic).

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Stanisław Witkowski

Stanisław Witkowski CBE (Hon.) (23 April 1883 – 28 August 1957), was an officer, engineer and military industry organiser in the Polish Army, Hononary Commander of the Order of the British Empire.

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Stefan Czarnowski

Stefan Czarnowski (1879 – 1937) was a Polish sociologist, professor of the University of Warsaw.

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Stefan Dąb-Biernacki

Stefan Dąb-Biernacki (7 January 1890 in Gnojno – 9 February 1959 in London) was a Polish general.

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Stefan Mossor

Stefan Mossor (23 October 1896, Kraków - 22 September 1957) was a Polish general.

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Stefan Rowecki

Stefan Paweł Rowecki (pseudonym: Grot, "Spearhead", hence the alternate name, Stefan Grot-Rowecki, 25 December 1895 – 2 August 1944) was a Polish general, journalist and the leader of the Armia Krajowa.

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Stefan Starzyński

Stefan Bronisław Starzyński (August 19, 1893, Warsaw – between December 21 and 23, 1939) was a Polish statesman, economist, military officer and Mayor of Warsaw before and during the Siege of 1939.

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Strike of the generals

The strike of the generals was a joint resignation of a group of officers of the Polish Army in October 1924.

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Szczypiorno

Szczypiorno is a municipal neighbourhood of the city of Kalisz, Poland.

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Tadeusz Ajdukiewicz

Tadeusz Ajdukiewicz (1852January 9, 1916) was a Polish realist painter from around the turn-of-the-century, best known for his battle-scenes, portraits, landscapes and paintings of horses.

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Tadeusz Kasprzycki

Tadeusz Adam Kasprzycki (16 January 1891, Warsaw – 4 December 1978, Montreal) was a member of the Polish Legions in First World War, major general of the Polish Army from 1929 and Minister of Military Affairs of Poland from 1935 to 1939.

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Tadeusz Klimecki

Tadeusz Klimecki (November 23, 1895July 4, 1943) – Lieutenant of the Imperial and Royal Army, Brigadier General of the Polish Army, Chief of Polish General Staff.

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Tadeusz Münnich

Tadeusz Stefan Aleksander Münnich (nom de guerre Żegota) was a soldier of the Polish Legions in World War I, and Colonel of Infantry of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic.

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Tadeusz Pełczyński

Tadeusz Pełczyński (codenames: Grzegorz, Adam, Wolf, Robak; Warsaw, 14 February 1892 – 3 January 1985, London) was a Polish Army major general (generał brygady), intelligence officer and chief of the General Staff's Section II (the military intelligence section).

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Tadeusz Piskor

Tadeusz Piskor (1889-1951) was a Polish Army general.

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Tadeusz Pruszkowski

Tadeusz Pruszkowski (15 April 1888, Borucice - 30 June 1942, Warsaw) was a Polish painter and art teacher, known primarily for his portraits.

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Tadeusz Puszczyński

Tadeusz Puszczyński (nom de guerre: "Konrad Wawelberg"; February 2, 1895 in Piotrków Trybunalski – February 24, 1939 in Warsaw) was a Polish military intelligence officer who commanded the Polish General Staff's Destruction Group during the Third Silesian Uprising.

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Tadeusz Schaetzel

Tadeusz Schaetzel de Merxhausen (1891–1971) was a Polish Army colonel, intelligence officer, Promethean leader, diplomat and politician.

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Tarnów

Tarnów (is a city in southeastern Poland with 115,341 inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of 269,000 inhabitants. The city is situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999. From 1975 to 1998, it was the capital of the Tarnów Voivodeship. It is a major rail junction, located on the strategic east–west connection from Lviv to Kraków, and two additional lines, one of which links the city with the Slovak border. Tarnów is known for its traditional Polish architecture, which was strongly influenced by foreign cultures and foreigners that once lived in the area, most notably Jews, Germans and Austrians. The entire Old Town, featuring 16th century tenements, houses and defensive walls, has been fully preserved. Tarnów is also the warmest city of Poland, with the highest long-term mean annual temperature in the whole country.

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The Seven Lancers of Belina

The Seven Lancers of Belina, also called The Belina’s Seven and The Seven Uhlans (Polish: Ulanska siodemka) was a name given to a mounted reconnaissance group of the Riflemen's Association.

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Timeline of Polish history

This is a timeline of Polish history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Poland and its predecessor states.

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Tomasz Arciszewski

Tomasz Stefan Arciszewski (4 November 1877 – 20 November 1955) was a Polish socialist politician, a member of the Polish Socialist Party and the 31st Prime Minister of Poland, 3rd Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile in London from 1944 to 1947, presiding over the period when the government lost the recognition of the Western powers.

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Tomasz Dąbal

Tomasz Dąbal (29 December 1890 - 21 August 1937) was a Polish communist activist.

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Uhlan

Uhlans (Polish: Ułan; German: Ulan) were Polish light cavalry armed with lances, sabres and pistols.

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Ujazdów Castle

Ujazdów Castle (Zamek Ujazdowski) is a castle in the historic Ujazdów district, between Ujazdów Park (Park Ujazdowski) and the Royal Baths Park (Łazienki Królewskie), in Warsaw, Poland.

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Union of Active Struggle

Związek Walki Czynnej (abbreviation: ZWC; Union of Active Struggle; also translated as Union for Active Struggle and Union for Active Resistance) was a Polish secret military organization founded in June 1908 in Lwów by Józef Piłsudski, Marian Kukiel, Kazimierz Sosnkowski and Władysław Sikorski, all members of the Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party's Revolutionary Faction.

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Wacław Gluth-Nowowiejski

Wacław Gluth-Nowowiejski (Wacek) (born 10 June 1926 in Warsaw) is a former soldier of the Polish Home Army (AK), a participant in the Warsaw Uprising, and after the war, a publicist and author.

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Wacław Jędrzejewicz

General Wacław Jędrzejewicz (29 January 1893 – 30 November 1993) was a Polish Army officer, diplomat, politician and historian, and subsequently an American college professor.

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Wacław Kostek-Biernacki

Wacław Kostek-Biernacki (1882–1957) was a Polish interwar politician and a popular fantasy writer (pen name Brunon Kostecki) Collection of short stories and novellas.

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Wacław Lipiński

Wacław Lipiński (1896–1949) was a Polish historian, military officer and resistance fighter, lieutenant colonel in the Polish Army of the Second Polish Republic, recipient of Polish highest military decoration, the Order of Virtuti Militari.

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Wacław Piekarski

Wacław Piekarski (1893-1979) was a Polish military officer and a general (generał brygady) of the Polish Army.

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Wacław Scaevola-Wieczorkiewicz

Wacław Scaevola-Wieczorkiewicz was a General brygady of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic.

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Wacław Sieroszewski

Wacław Sieroszewski (1858 – 1945) was a Polish writer, Polish Socialist Party activist, and soldier in the World War I-era Polish Legions (decorated with the Virtuti Militari).

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Wacław Stachiewicz

Wacław Teofil Stachiewicz (19 November 1894 – 12 November 1973) was a Polish writer, geologist, military commander and a general of the Polish Army.

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Walerian Czuma

Walerian Czuma (24 December 1890 – 7 April 1962) was a Polish general and military commander.

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Wanda Gertz

Major Wanda Gertz (13 April 1896 – 10 November 1958) was a Polish woman of noble birth, who began her military career in the Polish Legion during World War I, dressed as a man, under the pseudonym of "Kazimierz 'Kazik' Zuchowicz".

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Wawelberg Group

The Wawelberg Group (Grupa Wawelberg), also known as the Konrad Wawelberg Destruction Group (Grupa Destrukcyjna Konrada Wawelberga), was a Polish special-forces unit.

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Władysław Belina-Prażmowski

Władysław Zygmunt Belina-Prażmowski (3 May 1888 in Ruszkowiec – 13 October 1938 in Venice), was a Polish cavalryman, colonel and politician.

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Władysław Bończa-Uzdowski

Wladyslaw Boncza-Uzdowski (August 23, 1887 – March 21, 1957) was a General brygady of the Polish Army and sports activist, general manager of the Polish Football Association.

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Władysław Bortnowski

Władysław Bortnowski (November 12, 1891, Radom – November 21, 1966 Glen Cove, New York) was a Polish historian, military commander and one of the highest ranking generals of the Polish Army.

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Władysław Broniewski

Władysław Broniewski (December 17, 1897, Płock – February 10, 1962, Warsaw) was a Polish poet and soldier.

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Władysław Filipkowski

Władysław Filipkowski (noms de guerre Cis and Janka; May 1, 1892–April 17, 1950) was a Polish military commander and a professional officer of the Polish Army.

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Władysław Langner

Władysław Langner (18 June 1896, Jaworów — 28 September 1972) was a Polish general, best known as commander of the Siege of Lwów in 1939.

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Władysław Marian Jakowicki

Władysław Maria Jakowicki (1885 – ca.1940/1942) was a Polish soldier, physician and an academic.

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Władysław Orkan

Władysław Orkan (27 November 1875 – 14 May 1930) (actually born as Franciszek Ksawery Smaciarz, changed surname to Smreczyński, but primarily known under his pen name, Orkan) was a Polish writer and poet from the Young Poland period.

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Władysław Raczkiewicz

Władysław Raczkiewicz (28 January 1885 – 6 June 1947) was a Polish politician, lawyer, diplomat and the first president of the Polish government in exile from 1939 until his death in 1947.

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Władysław Sikorski

Władysław Eugeniusz Sikorski (20 May 1881 – 4 July 1943) was a Polish military and political leader.

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Włodzimierz Zagórski (general)

Włodzimierz Zagórski of the Clan of Ostoja (born January 21, 1882 in Saint-Martin-Lantosque, France – disappeared August 6, 1927 en route from Wilno to Warsaw) was an Austro-Hungary military intelligence soldier, Polish brigadier general, staff officer, and aviator.

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We Are the First Brigade

"My, Pierwsza Brygada" (We Are the First Brigade), also known as Marsz Pierwszej Brygady (The March of the First Brigade) and Legiony to żołnierska nuta (The Legions Are a Soldiers' Song), was one of the best-known songs of the Polish Legions formed during World War I by Józef Piłsudski.

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Wiktor Tomir Drymmer

Wiktor Tomir Drymmer (1896–1975) was a Polish Army colonel and intelligence officer.

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Wilhelm Orlik-Rückemann

Wilhelm Orlik-Rückemann (1894–1986) was a Polish general, military commander and one of the pioneers of armoured warfare in Poland.

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Wincenty Kowalski

Wincenty Kowalski (1892–1984) was a Polish military commander and a general of the Polish Army.

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Wincenty Wodzinowski

Wincenty Wodzinowski (1866, Igołomia - 1940 Kraków) was a Polish painter and art teacher; associated with the Young Poland movement.

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Witold Lutosławski

Witold Roman Lutosławski (25 January 1913 – 7 February 1994) was a Polish composer and orchestral conductor.

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World War I casualties

The total number of military and civilian casualties in World War I was more than 41 million: there were over 18 million deaths and 23 million wounded, ranking it among the deadliest conflicts in human history.

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Wound Decoration (Poland)

The Decoration of Honour for Officers and Other Ranks for Wounds and Injuries (Polish: Odznaka honorowa dla Oficerów i Szeregowych za Rany i Kontuzje) – a Polish military award, established by the Council of National Defense on July 14, 1920, at the peak of the Polish–Soviet War and awarded to any military, irrespective of rank or branch of service for a wound or injury sustained in action against an enemy in defence of the country.

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Zarzewie

Organisation of Independent Youth Zarzewie was a clandestine Polish youth organization, formed in May 1909 in Lemberg, Austrian Galicia.

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Zbigniew Dunin-Wasowicz

Zbigniew Dymitr Dunin-Wasowicz (born October 14, 1882 in Brzeżany, Austrian Galicia, died June 13, 1915 in Rokitna, Austrian Bukovina), was a Polish military leader, Rittmeister of Polish Legions in World War I.

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Zbigniew Herbert

Zbigniew Herbert (29 October 1924 – 28 July 1998) was a Polish poet, essayist, drama writer and moralist.

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Zdzisław Zakrzewski

Zdzisław Zakrzewski, of the Jastrzębiec coat of arms (11 November 1919 in Lwów – 21 March 2013 in Hayward, California) was a Polish-American optical engineer, philanthropist, banker, a veteran of Poland’s defensive struggle in September 1939, and a social and political activist.

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Zygmunt Aleksander Wnęk

Zygmunt Aleksander Wnęk Zygmunt Aleksander Wnęk (1918–1944) was a Polish soldier and military officer.

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Zygmunt Berling

Zygmunt Henryk Berling (27 April 1896 – 11 July 1980) was a Polish general and politician.

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Zygmunt Janiszewski

Zygmunt Janiszewski (June 12, 1888 – January 3, 1920) was a Polish mathematician.

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Zygmunt Kisielewski

Zygmunt Jan Kisielewski (27 March 1882 – 25 April 1942) was a Polish writer, brother of Jan August and father of Stefan.

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Zygmunt Wojciechowski

Zygmunt Wojciechowski (27 April 1900 – 14 October 1955) was a Polish historian and nationalist politician.

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Zygmunt Zieliński (1858–1925)

Zygmunt Zieliński (1 August 1858 – 11 April 1925) was a Polish general.

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10 złotych note

The 10 Polish Złotych note is the lowest value złoty banknote and has been used since the redenomination of the złoty in 1995.

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11th Infantry Regiment (Poland)

11th Infantry Regiment (Polish language: 11 Pulk Piechoty, 11 pp) was an infantry regiment of the Polish Army.

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1919 Polish coup attempt

The Polish Coup of early January 1919 was an unsuccessful coup d'etat in Poland.

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1st Brigade, Polish Legions

Brigade I of the Polish Legions (I Brygada Legionów Polskich) was a unit of Austro-Hungarian Army, manned by Poles under Austrian occupation, part of the Polish Legions in World War I, existing from 1914 to 1917.

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1st Cavalry Division (Poland)

The Polish 1st Cavalry Division (Polish: 1 Dywizja Jazdy, later 1 Dywizja Kawalerii) was a tactical unit of the Polish Army between the World Wars.

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1st Legions Infantry Division (Poland)

Polish 1st Legions Infantry Division (1. Dywizja Piechoty Legionów) was a tactical unit of the Polish Army between the World Wars.

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1st Uhlans Regiment of Polish Legions

1st Uhlans Regiment of Polish Legions was a detachment of the Polish Legions during World War I. Uhlans of this unit were called "Beliniaki," which was taken from the surname of their original leader, Władysław Zygmunt Belina-Prażmowski.

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2nd Brigade, Polish Legions

Brigade II of the Polish Legions (II Brygada Legionów Polskich), also known as the Iron (Żelazna) or Carpathian (Karpacka) Brigade, a unit of Austro-Hungarian Army, manned by Austrian Poles, part of the Polish Legions in World War I, that existed from 1914 or 1915 till 1918.

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2nd Legions Infantry Division (Poland)

Polish 2nd Legions Infantry Division (2. Dywizja Piechoty Legionów) was a tactical unit of the Polish Army between the World Wars.

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2nd Legions' Infantry Regiment

The 2nd Legions' Infantry Regiment (2., 2ppLeg) was a Polish military unit active between 1914 and 1944.

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3rd Brigade, Polish Legions

Brigade III of the Polish Legions (III Brygada Legionów Polskich) was a unit of the Austro-Hungarian Army, manned by Austrian Poles.

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3rd Legions Infantry Division (Poland)

Polish 3rd Legions Infantry Division (3. Dywizja Piechoty Legionów) was a tactical unit of the Polish Army between the World Wars.

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3rd Legions' Infantry Regiment

Third Legions Infantry Regiment (Polish language: 3. Pulk Piechoty Legionów; 3 pp Leg.) was an infantry unit of Polish Legions in World War I, Polish Army and the Home Army.

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49th Hutsul Rifle Regiment

The 49th Hutsul Rifle Regiment was a unit of the Polish Army, which belonged to the 11th Carpathian Infantry Division (Army Kraków).

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4th Legions' Infantry Regiment

Fourth Legions Infantry Regiment (Poland) (Polish: 4 Pulk Piechoty Legionow, 4 pp Leg.) was an infantry regiment of the Polish Legions in World War I (1915–1917) and the Polish Army in 1918–1939.

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4th Rifle Division (Poland)

The Polish 4th Rifle Division (4.) was a Polish military unit, forming, together with the Polish 5th Rifle Division of the Blue Army, the only part of the Polish military which took part in the Russian Civil War.

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5th Legions' Infantry Regiment

5th Legions Infantry Regiment of Józef Piłsudski (Polish: 5 Pulk Piechoty Legionow Jozefa Pilsudskiego, 4 pp Leg.) was an infantry regiment of the Polish Army in 1918–1939.

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5th Rifle Division (Poland)

Polish 5th Siberian Rifle Division (5.; also known as the Siberian Division and Siberian Brigade) was a Polish military unit formed in 1919 in Russia during World War I. The division fought during the Polish-Bolshevik War, but as it was attached to the White Russian formations, it is considered to have fought more in the Russian Civil War.

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6th Legions' Infantry Regiment

6th Legions Infantry Regiment of Józef Piłsudski (Polish: 6 Pulk Piechoty Legionow Jozefa Pilsudskiego, 6 pp Leg.) was an infantry regiment of the Polish Legions and the Polish Army.

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7th Lublin Uhlan Regiment

7th Lublin Uhlan Regiment of General Kazimierz Sosnkowski (Polish language: 7 Pulk Ulanow Lubelskich im. gen. Kazimierza Sosnkowskiego, 7 p.ul.) was a cavalry unit of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic and in the Polish Armed Forces in the West.

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Redirects here:

Polish Legions (World War I), Polish Legions in First World War, Polish Legions in WWI, Polish Legions in World War One, Polish legions in WWI, Polish legions in world war i.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Legions_in_World_War_I

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