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393 relations: ADA collider, Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter, Air shower (physics), Alan Lightman, Albert Wattenberg, ALEPH experiment, ALICE experiment, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, Angular Correlation of Electron Positron Annihilation Radiation, Annihilation, Annihilation radiation, Annus mirabilis, Anomalous magnetic dipole moment, Antihydrogen, Antimatter, Antimatter comet, Antimatter rocket, Antimatter tests of Lorentz violation, Antimatter weapon, Antineutron, Antiparticle, Antiproton, Antiproton Decelerator, Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, Astrophysical jet, Asymptotic freedom, ATLAS experiment, Atom, Atomic battery, August 2, Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, B − L, BaBar experiment, Background radiation, Belle experiment, BES III, Beta decay, Beta particle, Bethe–Salpeter equation, Bevatron, Bhabha scattering, Biodistribution, Biological aspects of fluorine, Blazar, Bone scintigraphy, Bound state, Brain positron emission tomography, Breit–Wheeler process, Bremsstrahlung, Bruno Rossi, ..., C parity, CALICE, California Institute of Technology, Calorimetric Electron Telescope, Cardiac imaging, Carl David Anderson, CERN, Channelling (physics), Charge conservation, Charged particle, Charles Christian Lauritsen, Charles Drummond Ellis, Charles Janet, Chemical potential, Cherenkov radiation, Chung-Yao Chao, CLEO (particle detector), Cloud chamber, CNO cycle, Collaborative Computational Project Q, Collider, Color charge, Compact Linear Collider, Compact Muon Solenoid, Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, Condensed matter physics, Conservation of energy, Cornell Electron Storage Ring, Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based Sciences and Education, Cosmic neutrino background, Cosmic ray, Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment, CP violation, Crossing (physics), Cyclotron, DAFNE, Dark matter, Decay chain, Deductive-nomological model, DELPHI experiment, Deuterium, Di-positronium, Dihydrotetrabenazine, Dirac equation, Dirac hole theory, Dirac sea, Discovery of the neutron, Dmitri Skobeltsyn, Double beta decay, Double Chooz, Dual photon, Edwin McMillan, Egbert Kankeleit, Electron, Electron capture, Electron hole, Electron-cloud effect, Electron–positron annihilation, Electronvolt, Elementary particle, Elliott Cresson Medal, Emilio Segrè, Emission computed tomography, Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope, Energy, Eric Burhop, Ernst Stueckelberg, Ettore Majorana, Evangelion: 1.0 You Are (Not) Alone, Exotic atom, Experimental physics, Extended periodic table, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, Feynman diagram, Fine-structure constant, Flavor-changing neutral current, Florbetapir (18F), Fludeoxyglucose (18F), Fluorine-18, Four-momentum, Frederick Reines, Future of an expanding universe, Gamma ray, Geoneutrino, Gerald J. 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Expand index (343 more) »
ADA collider
ADA (short for Anello Di Accumulazione) was the first Italian particle accelerator and the first-ever electron–positron particle collider measuring around 4 feet in diameter which was designed to store beams of 250 MeV.
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Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter
The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) is a balloon-borne instrument flying in the stratosphere over Antarctica to measure the energy and composition of cosmic rays.
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Air shower (physics)
An air shower is an extensive (many kilometres wide) cascade of ionized particles and electromagnetic radiation produced in the atmosphere when a primary cosmic ray (i.e. one of extraterrestrial origin) enters the atmosphere.
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Alan Lightman
Alan Paige Lightman is an American physicist, writer, and social entrepreneur.
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Albert Wattenberg
Albert Wattenberg (April 13, 1917 – June 27, 2007), was an American experimental physicist.
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ALEPH experiment
ALEPH was a particle detector at the Large Electron-Positron collider (LEP).
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ALICE experiment
ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is one of seven detector experiments at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN.
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Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, also designated AMS-02, is a particle physics experiment module that is mounted on the International Space Station (ISS).
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Angular Correlation of Electron Positron Annihilation Radiation
Angular Correlation of Electron Positron Annihilation Radiation (ACAR or ACPAR) is a technique of solid state physics to investigate the electronic structure of metals.
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Annihilation
In particle physics, annihilation is the process that occurs when a subatomic particle collides with its respective antiparticle to produce other particles, such as an electron colliding with a positron to produce two photons.
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Annihilation radiation
Annihilation radiation is a term used in Gamma spectroscopy for the gamma radiation produced when a particle and its antiparticle collide and annihilate.
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Annus mirabilis
Annus mirabilis (pl. anni mirabiles) is a Latin phrase that means "wonderful year", "miraculous year" or "amazing year".
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Anomalous magnetic dipole moment
In quantum electrodynamics, the anomalous magnetic moment of a particle is a contribution of effects of quantum mechanics, expressed by Feynman diagrams with loops, to the magnetic moment of that particle.
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Antihydrogen
Antihydrogen is the antimatter counterpart of hydrogen.
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Antimatter
In modern physics, antimatter is defined as a material composed of the antiparticle (or "partners") to the corresponding particles of ordinary matter.
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Antimatter comet
Antimatter comets (and antimatter meteoroids) are hypothetical comets (meteoroids) composed solely of antimatter instead of ordinary matter.
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Antimatter rocket
An antimatter rocket is a proposed class of rockets that use antimatter as their power source.
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Antimatter tests of Lorentz violation
High-precision experiments could reveal small previously unseen differences between the behavior of matter and antimatter.
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Antimatter weapon
An antimatter weapon is a possible device according to theories using antimatter as a power source, a propellant, or an explosive for a weapon.
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Antineutron
The antineutron is the antiparticle of the neutron with symbol.
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Antiparticle
In particle physics, every type of particle has an associated antiparticle with the same mass but with opposite physical charges (such as electric charge).
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Antiproton
The antiproton,, (pronounced p-bar) is the antiparticle of the proton.
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Antiproton Decelerator
The Antiproton Decelerator (AD) is a storage ring at the CERN laboratory near Geneva.
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Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology
Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology is a history of science by Isaac Asimov, written as the biographies of over 1500 scientists.
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Astrophysical jet
An astrophysical jet is an astronomical phenomenon where outflows of ionised matter are emitted as an extended beam along the axis of rotation.
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Asymptotic freedom
In particle physics, asymptotic freedom is a property of some gauge theories that causes interactions between particles to become asymptotically weaker as the energy scale increases and the corresponding length scale decreases.
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ATLAS experiment
ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS) is one of the seven particle detector experiments constructed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a particle accelerator at CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) in Switzerland.
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Atom
An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element.
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Atomic battery
The terms atomic battery, nuclear battery, tritium battery and radioisotope generator are used to describe a device which uses energy from the decay of a radioactive isotope to generate electricity.
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August 2
No description.
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Avid Radiopharmaceuticals
Avid Radiopharmaceuticals is an American company, founded by Dr.
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B − L
In high energy physics, B − L (pronounced "bee minus ell") is the difference between the baryon number (B) and the lepton number (L).
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BaBar experiment
The BaBar experiment, or simply BaBar, is an international collaboration of more than 500 physicists and engineers studying the subatomic world at energies of approximately ten times the rest mass of a proton (~10 GeV).
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Background radiation
Background radiation is a measure of the ionizing radiation present in the environment at a particular location which is not due to deliberate introduction of radiation sources.
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Belle experiment
The Belle experiment was a particle physics experiment conducted by the Belle Collaboration, an international collaboration of more than 400 physicists and engineers, at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organisation (KEK) in Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.
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BES III
The Beijing Spectrometer III (BES III) is a particle physics experiment at the Beijing Electron–Positron Collider II (BEPC II) at the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP).
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Beta decay
In nuclear physics, beta decay (β-decay) is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta ray (fast energetic electron or positron) and a neutrino are emitted from an atomic nucleus.
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Beta particle
A beta particle, also called beta ray or beta radiation, (symbol β) is a high-energy, high-speed electron or positron emitted by the radioactive decay of an atomic nucleus during the process of beta decay.
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Bethe–Salpeter equation
The Bethe–Salpeter equation (named after Hans Bethe and Edwin Salpeter) describes the bound states of a two-body (particles) quantum field theoretical system in a relativistically covariant formalism.
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Bevatron
The Bevatron was a particle accelerator — specifically, a weak-focusing proton synchrotron — at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S., which began operating in 1954.
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Bhabha scattering
In quantum electrodynamics, Bhabha scattering is the electron-positron scattering process: There are two leading-order Feynman diagrams contributing to this interaction: an annihilation process and a scattering process.
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Biodistribution
Biodistribution is a method of tracking where compounds of interest travel in an experimental animal or human subject.
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Biological aspects of fluorine
Biological aspects of fluorine describes the effects of fluorine-containing compounds with life.
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Blazar
A blazar is a very compact quasar (quasi-stellar radio source) associated with a presumed supermassive black hole at the center of an active, giant elliptical galaxy.
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Bone scintigraphy
A bone scan or bone scintigraphy is a nuclear medicine imaging technique of the bone.
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Bound state
In quantum physics, a bound state is a special quantum state of a particle subject to a potential such that the particle has a tendency to remain localised in one or more regions of space.
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Brain positron emission tomography
Brain positron emission tomography is a form of positron emission tomography (PET) that is used to measure brain metabolism and the distribution of exogenous radiolabeled chemical agents throughout the brain.
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Breit–Wheeler process
Breit–Wheeler process or Breit–Wheeler pair production is a physical process in which a positron–electron pair is created in the collision of two photons.
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Bremsstrahlung
Bremsstrahlung, from bremsen "to brake" and Strahlung "radiation"; i.e., "braking radiation" or "deceleration radiation", is electromagnetic radiation produced by the deceleration of a charged particle when deflected by another charged particle, typically an electron by an atomic nucleus.
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Bruno Rossi
Bruno Benedetto Rossi (13 April 1905 – 21 November 1993) was an Italian experimental physicist.
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C parity
In physics, the C parity or charge parity is a multiplicative quantum number of some particles that describes their behavior under the symmetry operation of charge conjugation.
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CALICE
The CALICE (CAlorimeter for LInear Collider Experiment) collaboration is an R&D group of more than 280 physicists and engineers from around the world, working together to develop new, high performance detectors for high energy positron-electron (e^+e^-) experiments at future International Linear Collider (ILC).
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California Institute of Technology
The California Institute of Technology (abbreviated Caltech)The university itself only spells its short form as "Caltech"; other spellings such as.
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Calorimetric Electron Telescope
The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a space telescope being mainly used to perform high precision observations of electrons and gamma rays.
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Cardiac imaging
Cardiac imaging techniques include coronary catheterization, echocardiogram, Intravascular ultrasound, Cardiac PET scan, Cardiac CT scan and Cardiac MRI.
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Carl David Anderson
Carl David Anderson (September 3, 1905 – January 11, 1991) was an American physicist.
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CERN
The European Organization for Nuclear Research (Organisation européenne pour la recherche nucléaire), known as CERN (derived from the name Conseil européen pour la recherche nucléaire), is a European research organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world.
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Channelling (physics)
Channelling is the process that constrains the path of a charged particle in a crystalline solid Many physical phenomena can occur when a charged particle is incident upon a solid target, e.g., elastic scattering, inelastic energy-loss processes, secondary-electron emission, electromagnetic radiation, nuclear reactions, etc.
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Charge conservation
In physics, charge conservation is the principle that the total electric charge in an isolated system never changes.
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Charged particle
In physics, a charged particle is a particle with an electric charge.
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Charles Christian Lauritsen
Charles Christian Lauritsen (April 4, 1892 – April 13, 1968) was a Danish-born American physicist.
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Charles Drummond Ellis
Sir Charles Drummond Ellis (b.Hampstead, 11 August 1895; died Cookham 10 January 1980) was an English physicist and scientific administrator.
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Charles Janet
Charles Janet (15 June 1849 – 7 February 1932) was a French engineer, company director, inventor and biologist.
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Chemical potential
In thermodynamics, chemical potential of a species is a form of energy that can be absorbed or released during a chemical reaction or phase transition due to a change of the particle number of the given species.
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Cherenkov radiation
Cherenkov radiation (sometimes spelled "Cerenkov") is electromagnetic radiation emitted when a charged particle (such as an electron) passes through a dielectric medium at a speed greater than the phase velocity of light in that medium.
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Chung-Yao Chao
Chung-Yao Chao (27 June 1902 – 28 May 1998) was a Chinese physicist.
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CLEO (particle detector)
CLEO was a general purpose particle detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR), and the name of the collaboration of physicists who operated the detector.
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Cloud chamber
A Cloud Chamber, also known as a Wilson Cloud Chamber, is a particle detector used for visualizing the passage of ionizing radiation.
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CNO cycle
The CNO cycle (for carbon–nitrogen–oxygen) is one of the two known sets of fusion reactions by which stars convert hydrogen to helium, the other being the proton–proton chain reaction.
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Collaborative Computational Project Q
Collaborative Computational Project Q (CCPQ) was developed in order to provide software which uses theoretical techniques to catalogue collisions between electrons, positrons or photons and atomic/molecular targets.
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Collider
A collider is a type of particle accelerator involving directed beams of particles.
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Color charge
Color charge is a property of quarks and gluons that is related to the particles' strong interactions in the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD).
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Compact Linear Collider
The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a concept for a future linear particle accelerator that aims to explore the next energy frontier.
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Compact Muon Solenoid
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment is one of two large general-purpose particle physics detectors built on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Switzerland and France.
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Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) was a space observatory detecting photons with energies from 20 keV to 30 GeV, in Earth orbit from 1991 to 2000.
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Condensed matter physics
Condensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter.
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Conservation of energy
In physics, the law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant, it is said to be ''conserved'' over time.
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Cornell Electron Storage Ring
The Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR, pronounced Caesar) is a particle accelerator operated by Cornell University and located 40 feet beneath a football field on their Ithaca campus.
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Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based Sciences and Education
The Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based Sciences and Education (CLASSE) is a particle accelerator facility located in Wilson Laboratory on the Cornell University campus in Ithaca, NY.
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Cosmic neutrino background
The cosmic neutrino background (CNB, CνB) is the universe's background particle radiation composed of neutrinos.
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Cosmic ray
Cosmic rays are high-energy radiation, mainly originating outside the Solar System and even from distant galaxies.
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Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment
The Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment was performed by Clyde L. Cowan and Frederick Reines in 1956.
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CP violation
In particle physics, CP violation is a violation of CP-symmetry (or charge conjugation parity symmetry): the combination of C-symmetry (charge conjugation symmetry) and P-symmetry (parity symmetry).
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Crossing (physics)
In quantum field theory, a branch of theoretical physics, crossing is the property of scattering amplitudes that allows antiparticles to be interpreted as particles going backwards in time.
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Cyclotron
A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator invented by Ernest O. Lawrence in 1929-1930 at the University of California, Berkeley, and patented in 1932.
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DAFNE
DAFNE or DAΦNE (Double Annular Φ Factory for Nice Experiments), is an electron-positron collider at the INFN Frascati National Laboratory in Frascati, Italy.
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Dark matter
Dark matter is a theorized form of matter that is thought to account for approximately 80% of the matter in the universe, and about a quarter of its total energy density.
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Decay chain
In nuclear science, the decay chain refers to a series of radioactive decays of different radioactive decay products as a sequential series of transformations.
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Deductive-nomological model
The deductive-nomological model (DN model), also known as Hempel's model, the Hempel–Oppenheim model, the Popper–Hempel model, or the covering law model, is a formal view of scientifically answering questions asking, "Why...?".
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DELPHI experiment
DELPHI (standing for "Detector with Lepton, Photon and Hadron Identification") was one of the four main detectors of the Large Electron–Positron Collider (LEP) at CERN, one of the largest particle accelerators ever made.
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Deuterium
Deuterium (or hydrogen-2, symbol or, also known as heavy hydrogen) is one of two stable isotopes of hydrogen (the other being protium, or hydrogen-1).
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Di-positronium
Di-positronium, or dipositronium, is a molecule consisting of two atoms of positronium.
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Dihydrotetrabenazine
Dihydrotetrabenazine or DTBZ is an organic compound with the chemical formula C19H29NO3.
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Dirac equation
In particle physics, the Dirac equation is a relativistic wave equation derived by British physicist Paul Dirac in 1928.
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Dirac hole theory
Dirac hole theory is a theory in quantum mechanics, named after English theoretical physicist Paul Dirac.
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Dirac sea
The Dirac sea is a theoretical model of the vacuum as an infinite sea of particles with negative energy.
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Discovery of the neutron
The discovery of the neutron and its properties was central to the extraordinary developments in atomic physics that occurred in the first half of the 20th century.
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Dmitri Skobeltsyn
Dmitri Vladimirovich Skobeltsyn (Дмитрий Владимирович Скобельцын) (November 24, 1892 in Saint Petersburg – November 16, 1990) was a Soviet physicist, academician of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1946), Hero of Socialist Labor (1969).
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Double beta decay
In nuclear physics, double beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which two protons are simultaneously transformed into two neutrons, or vice versa, inside an atomic nucleus.
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Double Chooz
Double Chooz is a short-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment in Chooz, France.
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Dual photon
In theoretical physics, the dual photon is a hypothetical elementary particle that is a dual of the photon under electric-magnetic duality which is predicted by some theoretical models and some results of M-theory in eleven dimensions.
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Edwin McMillan
Edwin Mattison McMillan (September 18, 1907 – September 7, 1991) was an American physicist and Nobel laureate credited with being the first-ever to produce a transuranium element, neptunium.
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Egbert Kankeleit
Egbert Kankeleit (born Hamburg, Germany, 16 April 1929) is a German nuclear physicist.
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Electron
The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol or, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.
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Electron capture
Electron capture (K-electron capture, also K-capture, or L-electron capture, L-capture) is a process in which the proton-rich nucleus of an electrically neutral atom absorbs an inner atomic electron, usually from the K or L electron shell.
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Electron hole
In physics, chemistry, and electronic engineering, an electron hole (often simply called a hole) is the lack of an electron at a position where one could exist in an atom or atomic lattice.
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Electron-cloud effect
The electron-cloud effect is a phenomenon that occurs in particle accelerators and reduces the quality of the particle beam.
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Electron–positron annihilation
Electron–positron annihilation occurs when an electron and a positron (the electron's antiparticle) collide.
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Electronvolt
In physics, the electronvolt (symbol eV, also written electron-volt and electron volt) is a unit of energy equal to approximately joules (symbol J).
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Elementary particle
In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle with no substructure, thus not composed of other particles.
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Elliott Cresson Medal
The Elliott Cresson Medal, also known as the Elliott Cresson Gold Medal, was the highest award given by the Franklin Institute.
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Emilio Segrè
Emilio Gino Segrè (1 February 1905 – 22 April 1989) was an Italian-American physicist and Nobel laureate, who discovered the elements technetium and astatine, and the antiproton, a subatomic antiparticle, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1959.
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Emission computed tomography
Emission computed tomography (ECT) is a type of tomography involving radioactive emissions.
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Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope
The Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) was one of four instruments outfitted on NASA’s Compton Gamma Ray Observatory satellite.
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Energy
In physics, energy is the quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to heat, the object.
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Eric Burhop
Eric Henry Stoneley Burhop, (31 January 191122 January 1980) was an Australian physicist and humanitarian.
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Ernst Stueckelberg
Ernst Carl Gerlach Stueckelberg (full name after 1911: Baron Ernst Carl Gerlach Stueckelberg von Breidenbach zu Breidenstein und Melsbach; February 1, 1905 – September 4, 1984) was a Swiss mathematician and physicist, regarded as one of the most eminent physicists of the 20th century.
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Ettore Majorana
Ettore Majorana (born on 5 August 1906 – probably died after 1959) was an Italian theoretical physicist who worked on neutrino masses.
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Evangelion: 1.0 You Are (Not) Alone
is a 2007 Japanese animated film written and chief directed by Hideaki Anno.
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Exotic atom
An exotic atom is an otherwise normal atom in which one or more sub-atomic particles have been replaced by other particles of the same charge.
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Experimental physics
Experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines in the field of physics that are concerned with the observation of physical phenomena and experiments.
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Extended periodic table
An extended periodic table theorizes about elements beyond oganesson (beyond period 7, or row 7).
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Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (FGST), formerly called the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), is a space observatory being used to perform gamma-ray astronomy observations from low Earth orbit.
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Feynman diagram
In theoretical physics, Feynman diagrams are pictorial representations of the mathematical expressions describing the behavior of subatomic particles.
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Fine-structure constant
In physics, the fine-structure constant, also known as Sommerfeld's constant, commonly denoted (the Greek letter ''alpha''), is a fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles.
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Flavor-changing neutral current
In theoretical physics, flavor-changing neutral currents (FCNCs) are hypothetical expressions that change the flavor of a fermion current without altering its electric charge.
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Florbetapir (18F)
Florbetapir (18F) (trade name AMYViD; also known as florbetapir-fluorine-18 or 18F-AV-45) is a PET scanning radiopharmaceutical compound containing the radionuclide fluorine-18, FDA approved in 2011 as a diagnostic tool for Alzheimer's disease. Florbetapir, like Pittsburgh compound B (PiB), binds to beta-amyloid, however fluorine-18 has a half-life of 109.75 minutes, in contrast to PiB's radioactive half life of 20 minutes. Wong et al. found that the longer life allowed the tracer to accumulate significantly more in the brains of people with AD, particularly in the regions known to be associated with beta-amyloid deposits. One review predicted that amyloid imaging is likely to be used in conjunction with other markers rather than as an alternative.
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Fludeoxyglucose (18F)
Fludeoxyglucose (18F) (INN), or fludeoxyglucose F 18 (USAN and USP), also commonly called fluorodeoxyglucose and abbreviated FDG, 18F-FDG or FDG, is a radiopharmaceutical used in the medical imaging modality positron emission tomography (PET).
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Fluorine-18
Fluorine-18 (18F) is a fluorine radioisotope which is an important source of positrons.
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Four-momentum
In special relativity, four-momentum is the generalization of the classical three-dimensional momentum to four-dimensional spacetime.
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Frederick Reines
Frederick Reines (March 16, 1918 – August 26, 1998) was an American physicist.
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Future of an expanding universe
Observations suggest that the expansion of the universe will continue forever.
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Gamma ray
A gamma ray or gamma radiation (symbol γ or \gamma), is penetrating electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei.
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Geoneutrino
A geoneutrino is a neutrino or antineutrino emitted in decay of radionuclide naturally occurring in the Earth.
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Gerald J. Fishman
Gerald Jay (Jerry) Fishman (born February 10, 1943) is an American research astrophysicist, specializing in gamma-ray astronomy.
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Giuseppe di Giugno
Giuseppe Di Giugno (born 1937 in Benghazi) is an Italian physicist.
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Glossary of physics
Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.
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Granat
The International Astrophysical Observatory "GRANAT" (usually known as Granat; Гранат), was a Soviet (later Russian) space observatory developed in collaboration with France, Denmark and Bulgaria.
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Gravitational interaction of antimatter
The gravitational interaction of antimatter with matter or antimatter has not been conclusively observed by physicists.
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H. Richard Crane
Horace Richard Crane (November 4, 1907 – April 19, 2007) was an American physicist, the inventor of the Race Track Synchrotron, a recipient of President Ronald Reagan's National Medal of Science "for the first measurement of the magnetic moment and spin of free electrons and positrons".
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H1 (particle detector)
H1 was a particle detector that operated at HERA (Hadron Elektron Ring Anlage) in DESY, Hamburg.
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Haemodynamic response
In haemodynamics, the body must respond to physical activities, external temperature, and other factors by homeostatically adjusting its blood flow to deliver nutrients such as oxygen and glucose to stressed tissues and allow them to function.
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Harrie Massey
Sir Harrie Stewart Wilson Massey (16 May 1908 – 27 November 1983) was an Australian mathematical physicist who worked primarily in the fields of atomic and atmospheric physics.
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Helium compounds
Helium is the most unreactive element, so it was commonly believed that helium compounds do not exist at all.
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Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) is a German research laboratory in Dresden and member of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres.
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HERA (particle accelerator)
HERA (Hadron-Elektron-Ringanlage, Hadron-Electron Ring Accelerator) was a particle accelerator at DESY in Hamburg.
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Herbert H. Chen
Herbert Hwa-sen Chen (March 16, 1942 – November 7, 1987) was a theoretical and experimental physicist at the University of California at Irvine known for his contributions in the field of neutrino detection.
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Higgs boson
The Higgs boson is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics.
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High Altitude Water Cherenkov Experiment
The High Altitude Water Cherenkov Experiment or High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory (also known as HAWC) is a gamma-ray and cosmic ray observatory located on the flanks of the Sierra Negra volcano in the Mexican state of Puebla at an altitude of 4100 meters, at.
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High Energy Astronomy Observatory 3
The last of NASA's three High Energy Astronomy Observatories, HEAO 3 was launched 20 September 1979 on an Atlas-Centaur launch vehicle, into a nearly circular, 43.6 degree inclination low-Earth orbit with an initial perigeum of 486.4 km.
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History of quantum mechanics
The history of quantum mechanics is a fundamental part of the history of modern physics.
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Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.
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IACT
IACT stands for Imaging Atmospheric (or Air) Cherenkov Telescope or Technique.
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Icon (comics)
Icon is a fictional superhero appearing in comic books published by DC Comics, one of the headline characters introduced by Milestone Media in the 1990s.
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Index of physics articles (P)
The index of physics articles is split into multiple pages due to its size.
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Infrared safety (particle physics)
In particle physics, and especially asymptotically free quantum field theories, an observable is infrared safe if it does not depend on the low energy/long distance physics of the theory.
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International Linear Collider
The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a proposed linear particle accelerator.
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Interstellar probe
An interstellar probe is a space probe that has left—or is expected to leave—the Solar System and enter interstellar space, which is typically defined as the region beyond the heliopause.
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Introduction to quantum mechanics
Quantum mechanics is the science of the very small.
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Inverse beta decay
Inverse beta decay, commonly abbreviated to IBD, is a nuclear reaction involving electron antineutrino scattering off a proton, creating a positron and a neutron.
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Ionized-air glow
Ionized-air glow is the fluorescent emission of characteristic blue–purple–violet light, of color called electric blue, by air subjected to an energy flux.
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Ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation (ionising radiation) is radiation that carries enough energy to liberate electrons from atoms or molecules, thereby ionizing them.
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Irène Joliot-Curie
Irène Joliot-Curie (12 September 1897 – 17 March 1956) was a French scientist, the daughter of Marie Curie and Pierre Curie and the wife of Frédéric Joliot-Curie.
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Iron group
In chemistry and physics, the iron group refers to elements that are in some way related to iron.
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ISABELLE
ISABELLE was a 200+200 GeV proton–proton colliding beam particle accelerator partially built by the United States government at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York, before it was cancelled in July, 1983.
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Isotopes of fluorine
Although fluorine (9F) has 18 known isotopes from 14F to 31F and two isomers (18mF and 26mF), only one of these isotopes is stable, that is, fluorine-19; as such, it is a monoisotopic element.
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Isotopes of gallium
Natural gallium (31Ga) consists of a mixture of two stable isotopes: gallium-69 and gallium-71.
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Isotopes of krypton
There are 33 known isotopes of krypton (36Kr) with atomic mass numbers from 69 through 101.
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Isotopes of nitrogen
Natural nitrogen (7N) consists of two stable isotopes, nitrogen-14, which makes up the vast majority of naturally occurring nitrogen, and nitrogen-15, which is less common.
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Isotopes of oxygen
There are three known stable isotopes of oxygen (8O): 16O, 17O, and 18O.
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Isotopes of sodium
There are twenty recognized isotopes of sodium (11Na), ranging from to and two isomers (and). is the only stable (and the only primordial) isotope.
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Isotopes of technetium
Technetium (43Tc) is the first of the two elements lighter than bismuth that have no non-radioactive isotopes; the other such element is promethium.
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J. Robert Oppenheimer
Julius Robert Oppenheimer (April 22, 1904 – February 18, 1967) was an American theoretical physicist and professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley.
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J/psi meson
The (J/psi) meson or psion is a subatomic particle, a flavor-neutral meson consisting of a charm quark and a charm antiquark.
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Jack Steinberger
Hans Jakob "Jack" Steinberger (born May 25, 1921) is an American physicist who, along with Leon Lederman and Melvin Schwartz, received the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of the muon neutrino.
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Joanna Fowler
Joanna S. Fowler (-) is a Scientist Emeritus at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York.
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Johann Rafelski
Johann Rafelski (born 19 May 1950) is a German-American theoretical physicist.
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John Archibald Wheeler
John Archibald Wheeler (July 9, 1911 – April 13, 2008) was an American theoretical physicist.
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Jonathon Keats
Jonathon Keats (born October 2, 1971) is an American conceptual artist and experimental philosopher known for creating large-scale thought experiments.
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Joseph Dwyer
Joseph R. Dwyer (born 1963) is an American physicist known for his lightning research.
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Julian Schwinger
Julian Seymour Schwinger (February 12, 1918 – July 16, 1994) was a Nobel Prize winning American theoretical physicist.
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Kamioka Liquid Scintillator Antineutrino Detector
The Kamioka Liquid Scintillator Antineutrino Detector (KamLAND) is an electron antineutrino detector at the Kamioka Observatory, an underground neutrino detection facility near Toyama, Japan.
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Kaonic hydrogen
Kaonic hydrogen is an exotic atom consisting of a negatively charged kaon orbiting a proton.
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KEK
, known as KEK, is a Japanese organization whose purpose is to operate the largest particle physics laboratory in Japan, situated in Tsukuba, Ibaraki prefecture.
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KEKB (accelerator)
KEKB is a particle accelerator used in the Belle experiment to study CP violation.
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KLOE (experiment)
KLOE (or the K-long0 LOng''' Experiment) was both an experiment studying ϕ meson decays, and the particle detector used to conduct it.
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Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati
The INFN National Laboratory of Frascati (LNF) was founded in 1955 with the objective of furthering particle physics research, and more specifically to host the 1.1 GeV electrosynchrotron, the first accelerator ever built in Italy.
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Large Electron–Positron Collider
The Large Electron–Positron Collider (LEP) was one of the largest particle accelerators ever constructed.
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Latin letters used in mathematics
Many letters of the Latin alphabet, both capital and small, are used in mathematics, science and engineering to denote by convention specific or abstracted constants, variables of a certain type, units, multipliers, physical entities.
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Lepton
In particle physics, a lepton is an elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin) that does not undergo strong interactions.
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Lepton number
In particle physics, lepton number (historically also called lepton charge) is a conserved quantum number representing the difference between the number of leptons and the number of antileptons in an elementary particle reaction.
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Leptoquark
Leptoquarks are hypothetical particles that carry information between quarks and leptons of a given generation that allow quarks and leptons to interact.
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Lightning
Lightning is a sudden electrostatic discharge that occurs typically during a thunderstorm.
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List of accelerators in particle physics
A list of particle accelerators used for particle physics experiments.
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List of atheists in science and technology
This is a list of atheists in science and technology.
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List of California Institute of Technology people
The California Institute of Technology has had numerous notable alumni and faculty.
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List of Eureka episodes
The following is a list of episodes of the American science fiction television drama Eureka.
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List of important publications in physics
This is a list of important publications in physics, organized by field.
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List of letters used in mathematics and science
Latin and Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities.
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List of Nanjing University people
The list of Nanjing University people includes notable graduates, non-graduates, professors and other people affiliated with Nanjing University.
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List of Nobel laureates in Physics
The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of physics.
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List of particles
This article includes a list of the different types of atomic- and sub-atomic particles found or hypothesized to exist in the whole of the universe categorized by type.
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List of PlayStation games (A–L)
This is a list of games for the Sony PlayStation video game system, organized alphabetically by name.
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List of portmanteaus
This is a selection of portmanteau words.
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List of Russian people
This is a list of people associated with the modern Russian Federation, the Soviet Union, Imperial Russia, Russian Tsardom, the Grand Duchy of Moscow, and other predecessor states of Russia.
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List of Russian physicists
This list of Russian physicists includes the famous physicists from the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation.
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List of Russian scientists
Alona Soschen.
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List of Super Proton Synchrotron experiments
This is a list of past and current experiments at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) facility since its commissioning in 1976.
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LOPES (telescope)
The LOPES project (LOFAR PrototypE Station) was a cosmic ray detector array, located in Karlsruhe, Germany, and is operated in coincidence with an existing, well calibrated air shower experiment called KASCADE.
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Luigi Di Lella
Luigi Di Lella (born in Naples, 7 December 1937) is an Italian experimental particle physicist.
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Luis Walter Alvarez
Luis Walter Alvarez (June 13, 1911 – September 1, 1988) was an American experimental physicist, inventor, and professor who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1968.
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Luminosity (scattering theory)
In scattering theory and accelerator physics, luminosity (L) is the ratio of the number of events detected (N) in a certain time (t) to the interaction cross-section (&sigma): L.
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Mark Oliphant
Sir Marcus Laurence Elwin "Mark" Oliphant (8 October 1901 – 14 July 2000) was an Australian physicist and humanitarian who played an important role in the first experimental demonstration of nuclear fusion and also the development of nuclear weapons.
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Martin Deutsch
Martin Deutsch (29 January 1917 – 16 August 2002) was an Austrian-American physicist, who was emeritus professor of physics at MIT.
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Martin Lewis Perl
Martin Lewis Perl (June 24, 1927 – September 30, 2014) was an American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1995 for his discovery of the tau lepton.
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Mass–energy equivalence
In physics, mass–energy equivalence states that anything having mass has an equivalent amount of energy and vice versa, with these fundamental quantities directly relating to one another by Albert Einstein's famous formula: E.
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Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model
This article describes the mathematics of the Standard Model of particle physics, a gauge quantum field theory containing the internal symmetries of the unitary product group.
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Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics refers to the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics.
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Matter
In the classical physics observed in everyday life, matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume.
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Matter creation
Even restricting the discussion to physics, scientists do not have a unique definition of what matter is.
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Møller scattering
Møller scattering is the name given to electron-electron scattering in Quantum Field Theory, named after the Danish physicist Christian Møller.
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Michel parameters
The Michel parameters, usually denoted by \rho, \eta, \xi and \delta, are four parameters used in describing the phase space distribution of leptonic decays of charged leptons, l_^-\rightarrow l_^\nu_\bar.
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Milton S. Plesset
Milton Spinoza Plesset (7 February 1908 – 19 February 1991) was an American applied physicist who worked in the field of fluid mechanics and nuclear energy.
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Monochromatization
Monochromatization in the context of accelerator physics is a theoretical principle used to increase center-of-mass energy resolution in high-luminosity particle collisions.
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Mr Tompkins
Mr Tompkins is the title character in a series of four popular science books by the physicist George Gamow.
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Mu to E Gamma
The Mu to E Gamma (MEG) is a particle physics experiment dedicated to measuring the decay of the muon into an electron and a photon, a decay mode which is heavily suppressed in the Standard Model by lepton flavour conservation, but enhanced in supersymmetry and grand unified theories.
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Mu3e
Mu3e is a particle physics experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute, searching for decays of anti-muons (Mu) to an electron and two positrons (3e).
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Muon
The muon (from the Greek letter mu (μ) used to represent it) is an elementary particle similar to the electron, with an electric charge of −1 e and a spin of 1/2, but with a much greater mass.
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Muon spin spectroscopy
Muon spin spectroscopy is an experimental technique based on the implantation of spin-polarized muons in matter and on the detection of the influence of the atomic, molecular or crystalline surroundings on their spin motion.
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Musca
Musca is a small constellation in the deep southern sky.
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NA63 experiment
NA63 is an experiment to study radiation processes in strong electromagnetic fields at CERN.
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Naturally occurring radioactive material
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) and Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) consist of materials, usually industrial wastes or by-products enriched with radioactive elements found in the environment, such as uranium, thorium and potassium and any of their decay products, such as radium and radon.
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ND experiment
Neutral Detector (ND) is a detector for particle physics experiments created by the team of physicists in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Negative energy
Negative energy is a concept used in physics to explain the nature of certain fields, including the gravitational field and various quantum field effects.
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Neuroimaging
Neuroimaging or brain imaging is the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure, function/pharmacology of the nervous system.
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Neutrino
A neutrino (denoted by the Greek letter ν) is a fermion (an elementary particle with half-integer spin) that interacts only via the weak subatomic force and gravity.
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Neutrino decoupling
In Big Bang cosmology, neutrino decoupling refers to the epoch at which neutrinos ceased interacting with baryonic matter, and thereby ceased influencing the dynamics of the universe at early times.
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Neutrino Ettore Majorana Observatory
The Neutrino Ettore Majorana Observatory (NEMO experiment) is an international collaboration of scientists searching for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ).
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Neutron
| magnetic_moment.
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Niobium
Niobium, formerly known as columbium, is a chemical element with symbol Nb (formerly Cb) and atomic number 41.
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Nobel Prize controversies
After his death in 1896, the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel established the Nobel Prizes.
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Non-orientable wormhole
In wormhole theory, a non-orientable wormhole is a wormhole connection that appears to reverse the chirality of anything passed through it.
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North Carolina State University reactor program
North Carolina State University in 1950 founded the first university-based reactor program and Nuclear Engineering curriculum in the United States.
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Nuclear binding energy
Nuclear binding energy is the minimum energy that would be required to disassemble the nucleus of an atom into its component parts.
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Nuclear chemistry
Nuclear chemistry is the subfield of chemistry dealing with radioactivity, nuclear processes, such as nuclear transmutation, and nuclear properties.
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Nuclear fusion
In nuclear physics, nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei come close enough to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles (neutrons or protons).
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Nuclear medicine physician
Nuclear Medicine Physicians are medical specialists that use tracers, usually radiopharmaceuticals, for diagnosis and therapy.
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Nuclear photonic rocket
In a nuclear photonic rocket, a nuclear reactor would generate such high temperatures that the blackbody radiation from the reactor would provide significant thrust.
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Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions.
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Occhialini Prize
The Occhialini Medal and Prize was instituted in 2007 by the Italian Physical Society together with the Institute of Physics.
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One Moment of Humanity
"One Moment of Humanity" is the third episode of the second series of Space: 1999 (and the twenty-seventh overall episode of the programme).
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One World or None
One World or None (1946) is a instructional documentary short film produced by the National Committee on Atomic Information in conjunction with Philip Ragan Productions.
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One-electron universe
The one-electron universe postulate, proposed by John Wheeler in a telephone call to Richard Feynman in the spring of 1940, hypothesises that all electrons and positrons are actually manifestations of a single entity moving backwards and forwards in time.
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Onium
An onium (plural: onia) is a bound state of a particle and its antiparticle.
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Oops-Leon
Oops-Leon is the name given by particle physicists to what was thought to be a new subatomic particle "discovered" at Fermilab in 1976.
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Oppenheimer security hearing
The Oppenheimer security hearing was a 1954 proceeding by the United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) that explored the background, actions, and associations of J. Robert Oppenheimer, the American scientist who had headed the Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II, where he played a key part in the Manhattan Project that developed the atomic bomb.
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Orders of magnitude (temperature)
Most ordinary human activity takes place at temperatures of this order of magnitude.
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P-nuclei
p-nuclei (p stands for proton-rich) are certain proton-rich, naturally occurring isotopes of some elements between selenium and mercury inclusive which cannot be produced in either the s- or the r-process.
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Pair production
Pair production is the creation of an elementary particle and its antiparticle from a neutral boson.
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Pair-conversion
A pair-conversion instrument detects high-energy gamma rays by providing an environment—generally a thin foil of dense metal, commonly tungsten—in which they tend to generate electron-positron pairs, and then using standard particle-physics techniques such as a microstrip detector to detect these particles.
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Pair-instability supernova
A pair-instability supernova occurs when pair production, the production of free electrons and positrons in the collision between atomic nuclei and energetic gamma rays, temporarily reduces the internal pressure supporting a supermassive star's core against gravitational collapse.
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Palash Baran Pal
Palash Baran Pal (Bengali: পলাশ বরন পাল Palāś Baran Pāl, born: 1955) is an Indian theoretical physicist, an Emeritus Professor in the Physics Department of Calcutta University, Kolkata, a writer, a linguist and a poet.
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PAMELA detector
PAMELA (Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics) was a cosmic ray research module attached to an Earth orbiting satellite.
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Particle accelerator
A particle accelerator is a machine that uses electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles to nearly light speed and to contain them in well-defined beams.
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Particle beam
A particle beam is a stream of charged or neutral particles, in many cases moving at near the speed of light.
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Particle decay
Particle decay is the spontaneous process of one unstable subatomic particle transforming into multiple other particles.
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Particle physics
Particle physics (also high energy physics) is the branch of physics that studies the nature of the particles that constitute matter and radiation.
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Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel
The Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) is a scientific advisory panel tasked with recommending plans for U.S. investment in particle physics research over the next ten years, on the basis of various funding scenarios.
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Particle shower
In particle physics, a shower is a cascade of secondary particles produced as the result of a high-energy particle interacting with dense matter.
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Particle-beam weapon
A particle-beam weapon uses a high-energy beam of atomic or subatomic particles to damage the target by disrupting its atomic and/or molecular structure.
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Patrick Blackett
Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett, Baron Blackett (18 November 1897 – 13 July 1974) was a British experimental physicist known for his work on cloud chambers, cosmic rays, and paleomagnetism, winning the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1948.
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Paul Dirac
Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac (8 August 1902 – 20 October 1984) was an English theoretical physicist who is regarded as one of the most significant physicists of the 20th century.
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Pelletron
A pelletron is a type of electrostatic particle accelerator similar to a Van de Graaff generator.
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PERDaix
PERDaix (Proton Electron Radiation Detector Aix-la-Chapelle) is a novel, small and light weight magnetic spectrometer to measure the charge and mass dependent solar modulation periodically for deeper understanding of cosmic rays.
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PET radiotracer
PET radiotracer or PET-ligand is a type of radioligand that is used for the diagnostic purposes via positron emission tomography imaging technique.
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Phi meson
In particle physics, the phi meson or meson is a vector meson formed of a strange quark and a strange antiquark.
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Photon
The photon is a type of elementary particle, the quantum of the electromagnetic field including electromagnetic radiation such as light, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force (even when static via virtual particles).
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Pion
In particle physics, a pion (or a pi meson, denoted with the Greek letter pi) is any of three subatomic particles:,, and.
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Planck (spacecraft)
Planck was a space observatory operated by the European Space Agency (ESA) from 2009 to 2013, which mapped the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at microwave and infra-red frequencies, with high sensitivity and small angular resolution.
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Plasma acceleration
Plasma acceleration is a technique for accelerating charged particles, such as electrons, positrons, and ions, using the electric field associated with electron plasma wave or other high-gradient plasma structures (like shock and sheath fields).
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Plasma oscillation
Plasma oscillations, also known as Langmuir waves (after Irving Langmuir), are rapid oscillations of the electron density in conducting media such as plasmas or metals in the ultraviolet region.
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Positron (disambiguation)
A positron is an elementary particle of antimatter.
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Positron annihilation spectroscopy
Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) or sometimes specifically referred to as Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) is a non-destructive spectroscopy technique to study voids and defects in solids.
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Positron emission
Positron emission or beta plus decay (β+ decay) is a subtype of radioactive decay called beta decay, in which a proton inside a radionuclide nucleus is converted into a neutron while releasing a positron and an electron neutrino (νe).
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Positron emission mammography
Positron emission mammography (PEM) is a nuclear medicine imaging modality used to detect or characterise breast cancer.
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Positron emission tomography
Positron-emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine functional imaging technique that is used to observe metabolic processes in the body as an aid to the diagnosis of disease.
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Positron lifetime spectroscopy
Positron lifetime spectroscopy is a technique in material science used for studying the types and concentrations of atomic sized defects in materials.
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Positron-Electron Tandem Ring Accelerator
The Positron-Electron Tandem Ring Accelerator (PETRA) is one of the particle accelerators at DESY in Hamburg, Germany.
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Positronic brain
A positronic brain is a fictional technological device, originally conceived by science fiction writer Isaac Asimov.
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Positronium
Positronium (Ps) is a system consisting of an electron and its anti-particle, a positron, bound together into an exotic atom, specifically an onium.
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Positronium hydride
Positronium hydride, or hydrogen positride is an exotic molecule consisting of a hydrogen atom bound to an exotic atom of positronium (that is a combination of an electron and a positron).
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Potassium-40
Potassium-40 (40K) is a radioactive isotope of potassium which has a very long half-life of 1.251 years.
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Precision tests of QED
Quantum electrodynamics (QED), a relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics, is among the most stringently tested theories in physics.
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Preon
In particle physics, preons are point particles, conceived of as subcomponents of quarks and leptons.
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Primer (film)
Primer is a 2004 American independent science fiction film about the accidental discovery of time travel.
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Professor Frink
Professor John I.Q. Nerdelbaum Frink Jr., or simply Professor Frink, is a recurring character in the animated television series The Simpsons.
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Proton
| magnetic_moment.
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Proton decay
In particle physics, proton decay is a hypothetical form of radioactive decay in which the proton decays into lighter subatomic particles, such as a neutral pion and a positron.
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Proton Synchrotron
The Proton Synchrotron (PS) is a particle accelerator at CERN.
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Proton–proton chain reaction
The proton–proton chain reaction is one of the two (known) sets of fusion reactions by which stars convert hydrogen to helium.
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Pulsational pair-instability supernova
A pulsational pair-instability supernova is a supernova impostor event that generally occurs in stars at around 100 to 130 solar mass, as opposed to a typical pair-instability supernova which occurs in stars of 130 to.
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PVLAS
PVLAS (Polarizzazione del Vuoto con LASer, "polarization of the vacuum with laser") aims to carry out a test of quantum electrodynamics and possibly detect dark matter at the Department of Physics and National Institute of Nuclear Physics in Ferrara, Italy.
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Quantum electrodynamics
In particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics.
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R (cross section ratio)
R is the ratio of the hadronic cross section to the muon cross section in electron–positron collisions: where the superscript (0) indicates that the cross section has been corrected for initial state radiation.
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Radiation
In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium.
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Radiation chemistry
Radiation chemistry is a subdivision of nuclear chemistry which is the study of the chemical effects of radiation on matter; this is very different from radiochemistry as no radioactivity needs to be present in the material which is being chemically changed by the radiation.
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Radiation protection
Radiation protection, sometimes known as radiological protection, is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as "The protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, and the means for achieving this".
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Radio galaxy
Radio galaxies and their relatives, radio-loud quasars and blazars, are types of active galaxy that are very luminous at radio wavelengths, with luminosities up to 1039 W between 10 MHz and 100 GHz.
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Radioactive decay
Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay or radioactivity) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy (in terms of mass in its rest frame) by emitting radiation, such as an alpha particle, beta particle with neutrino or only a neutrino in the case of electron capture, gamma ray, or electron in the case of internal conversion.
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Radioanalytical chemistry
Radioanalytical chemistry focuses on the analysis of sample for their radionuclide content.
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Radiometric dating
Radiometric dating or radioactive dating is a technique used to date materials such as rocks or carbon, in which trace radioactive impurities were selectively incorporated when they were formed.
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Radiopharmaceutical
Radiopharmaceuticals, or medicinal radiocompounds, are a group of pharmaceutical drugs which have radioactivity.
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Reconstruction from Projections
The problem of reconstructing a multidimensional signal from its projection is uniquely multidimensional, having no 1-D counterpart.
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Relative biological effectiveness
In radiobiology, the relative biological effectiveness (often abbreviated as RBE) is the ratio of biological effectiveness of one type of ionizing radiation relative to another, given the same amount of absorbed energy.
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Relativistic quantum mechanics
In physics, relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) is any Poincaré covariant formulation of quantum mechanics (QM).
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Relativistic rocket
Relativistic rocket refers to any spacecraft that travels at a velocity close enough to light speed for relativistic effects to become significant.
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Relativistic star
A relativistic star is a rotating neutron star whose behavior is well described by general relativity, but not by classical mechanics.
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Relativistic wave equations
In physics, specifically relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) and its applications to particle physics, relativistic wave equations predict the behavior of particles at high energies and velocities comparable to the speed of light.
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Renormalization
Renormalization is a collection of techniques in quantum field theory, the statistical mechanics of fields, and the theory of self-similar geometric structures, that are used to treat infinities arising in calculated quantities by altering values of quantities to compensate for effects of their self-interactions.
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Resonance ionization
Resonance ionization is a process in optical physics used to excite a specific atom (or molecule) beyond its ionization potential to form an ion using a beam of photons irradiated from a pulsed laser light.
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Retrocausality
Retrocausality or Backwards causation is a concept of cause and effect where the effect precedes its cause in time.
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RF resonant cavity thruster
A radio frequency (RF) resonant cavity thruster, also known as an EmDrive, is a proposed design for a propellant-free drive which would have to violate both conservation of momentum and conservation of energy in order to work.
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Richard Feynman
Richard Phillips Feynman (May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist, known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics for which he proposed the parton model.
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Rishon model
The Harari–Shupe preon model (also known as rishon model, RM) is the earliest effort to develop a preon model to explain the phenomena appearing in the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics.
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S-matrix
In physics, the S-matrix or scattering matrix relates the initial state and the final state of a physical system undergoing a scattering process.
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Scandium
Scandium is a chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21.
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Scintillator
A scintillator is a material that exhibits scintillation—the property of luminescence, when excited by ionizing radiation.
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Seth Neddermeyer
Seth Henry Neddermeyer (September 16, 1907 – January 29, 1988) was an American physicist who co-discovered the muon, and later championed the Implosion-type nuclear weapon while working on the Manhattan Project at the Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II.
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Shashlik (physics)
In high energy physics detectors, shashlik is a layout for a sampling calorimeter.
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Singlet state
In quantum mechanics, a singlet state usually refers to a system in which all electrons are paired.
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SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, originally named Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, is a United States Department of Energy National Laboratory operated by Stanford University under the programmatic direction of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science and located in Menlo Park, California.
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Sleep and memory
The relationship between sleep and memory has been postulated and studied since at least the early 19th century.
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SN 2006gy
SN 2006gy was an extremely energetic supernova, also referred to as a hypernova or quark-nova, that was discovered on September 18, 2006.
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Sokolov–Ternov effect
The Sokolov–Ternov effect is the effect of self-polarization of relativistic electrons or positrons moving at high energy in a magnetic field.
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Solar neutrino
Electron neutrinos are produced in the Sun as a product of nuclear fusion.
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Solar neutrino problem
The solar neutrino problem concerned a large discrepancy between the flux of solar neutrinos as predicted from the Sun's luminosity and measured directly.
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SPEAR
SPEAR (originally Stanford Positron Electron Asymmetric Rings, now simply a name) was a collider at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.
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Special relativity
In physics, special relativity (SR, also known as the special theory of relativity or STR) is the generally accepted and experimentally well-confirmed physical theory regarding the relationship between space and time.
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Standard solar model
The standard solar model (SSM) is a mathematical treatment of the Sun as a spherical ball of gas (in varying states of ionisation, with the hydrogen in the deep interior being a completely ionised plasma).
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Star
A star is type of astronomical object consisting of a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by its own gravity.
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Sterile neutrino
Sterile neutrinos (or inert neutrinos) are a hypothetical particle (neutral leptons – neutrinos) that interact only via gravity and do not interact via any of the fundamental interactions of the Standard Model.
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Stjepan Mohorovičić
Stjepan Mohorovičić (August 20, 1890 – February 13, 1980) was a Croatian physicist, geophysicist and meteorologist.
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Storage ring
A storage ring is a type of circular particle accelerator in which a continuous or pulsed particle beam may be kept circulating typically for many hours.
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Subscript and superscript
A subscript or superscript is a character (number, letter or symbol) that is (respectively) set slightly below or above the normal line of type.
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Super Proton Synchrotron
The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is a particle accelerator of the synchrotron type at CERN.
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SuperB
SuperB was a proposed high-luminosity electron-positron collider that was cancelled by the Italian government on 27 November 2012.
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SuperKEKB
SuperKEKB is a particle accelerator located at KEK (High Energy Accelerator Research Organisation) in Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.
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Supernova
A supernova (plural: supernovae or supernovas, abbreviations: SN and SNe) is a transient astronomical event that occurs during the last stellar evolutionary stages of a star's life, either a massive star or a white dwarf, whose destruction is marked by one final, titanic explosion.
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Synchrotron
A synchrotron is a particular type of cyclic particle accelerator, descended from the cyclotron, in which the accelerating particle beam travels around a fixed closed-loop path.
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Technetium
Technetium is a chemical element with symbol Tc and atomic number 43.
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Terrestrial gamma-ray flash
A terrestrial gamma-ray flash (TGF) is a burst of gamma rays produced in Earth's atmosphere.
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Tests of relativistic energy and momentum
Tests of relativistic energy and momentum are aimed at measuring the relativistic expressions for energy, momentum, and mass.
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The Quincunx of Time
The Quincunx of Time is a short science fiction novel by James Blish.
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Thermal runaway
Thermal runaway occurs in situations where an increase in temperature changes the conditions in a way that causes a further increase in temperature, often leading to a destructive result.
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Thunderstorm
A thunderstorm, also known as an electrical storm, lightning storm, or thundershower, is a storm characterized by the presence of lightning and its acoustic effect on the Earth's atmosphere, known as thunder.
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Thymidine kinase
Thymidine kinase is an enzyme, a phosphotransferase (a kinase): 2'-deoxythymidine kinase, ATP-thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.21.
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Timeline of atomic and subatomic physics
A timeline of atomic and subatomic physics.
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Timeline of particle discoveries
This is a timeline of subatomic particle discoveries, including all particles thus far discovered which appear to be elementary (that is, indivisible) given the best available evidence.
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Timeline of particle physics
The timeline of particle physics lists the sequence of particle physics theories and discoveries in chronological order.
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Timeline of the formation of the Universe
This is a timeline of the formation and subsequent evolution of the Universe from the Big Bang (13.799 ± 0.021 billion years ago) to the present day.
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Timeline of United States discoveries
Timeline of United States discoveries encompasses the breakthroughs of human thought and knowledge of new scientific findings, phenomena, places, things, and what was previously unknown to exist.
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Titanium
Titanium is a chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22.
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Tony Bell (physicist)
Anthony Raymond Bell One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: is Professor of Physics at the University of Oxford and the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory.
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Total absorption spectroscopy
Total absorption spectroscopy is a measurement technique that allows the measurement of the gamma radiation emitted in the different nuclear gamma transitions that may take place in the daughter nucleus after its unstable parent has decayed by means of the beta decay process.
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Total conversion (energy source)
In some science fiction stories, total conversion may mean higher or complete conversion of matter into energy, or vice versa in some proportion of ''E.
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Transformers technology
Transformers technology refers to various technologies in Transformers series of comic books, films, animated series, and other media.
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TRIUMF
TRIUMF is Canada's national particle accelerator centre.
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UK Molecular R-matrix Codes
The UK Molecular R-Matrix codes are a set of software routines used to calculate the effects of collision of electrons with atoms and molecules.
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Up quark
The up quark or u quark (symbol: u) is the lightest of all quarks, a type of elementary particle, and a major constituent of matter.
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Uranium
Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92.
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V404 Cygni
V404 Cygni is a microquasar and a binary system in the constellation of Cygnus.
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Vacuum
Vacuum is space devoid of matter.
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Vacuum polarization
In quantum field theory, and specifically quantum electrodynamics, vacuum polarization describes a process in which a background electromagnetic field produces virtual electron–positron pairs that change the distribution of charges and currents that generated the original electromagnetic field.
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Val Logsdon Fitch
Val Logsdon Fitch (March 10, 1923 – February 5, 2015) was an American nuclear physicist who, with co-researcher James Cronin, was awarded the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physics for a 1964 experiment using the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory that proved that certain subatomic reactions do not adhere to fundamental symmetry principles.
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VEPP-2000
VEPP-2000 is an upgrade of the former VEPP-2M electron-positron collider (particle accelerator) at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP) in Novosibirsk, Siberia, Russia.
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Victor Francis Hess
Victor Franz Hess (24 June 188317 December 1964) was an Austrian-American physicist, and Nobel laureate in physics, who discovered cosmic rays.
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Virtual black hole
In quantum gravity, a virtual black hole is a black hole that exists temporarily as a result of a quantum fluctuation of spacetime.
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Wave function
A wave function in quantum physics is a mathematical description of the quantum state of an isolated quantum system.
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W′ and Z′ bosons
In particle physics, W′ and Z′ bosons (or W-prime and Z-prime bosons) refer to hypothetical gauge bosons that arise from extensions of the electroweak symmetry of the Standard Model.
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Werner Heisenberg
Werner Karl Heisenberg (5 December 1901 – 1 February 1976) was a German theoretical physicist and one of the key pioneers of quantum mechanics.
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Wiggler (synchrotron)
A wiggler is an insertion device in a synchrotron.
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Woodward effect
The Woodward effect, also referred to as a Mach effect, is part of a hypothesis proposed by James F. Woodward in 1990.
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X and Y bosons
In particle physics, the X and Y bosons (sometimes collectively called "X bosons") are hypothetical elementary particles analogous to the W and Z bosons, but corresponding to a new type of force predicted by the Georgi–Glashow model, a grand unified theory.
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X-ray binary
X-ray binaries are a class of binary stars that are luminous in X-rays.
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Zero-energy universe
The zero-energy universe hypothesis proposes that the total amount of energy in the universe is exactly zero: its amount of positive energy in the form of matter is exactly canceled out by its negative energy in the form of gravity.
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ZEUS (particle detector)
ZEUS was a particle detector that operated on the HERA (Hadron Elektron Ring Anlage) particle accelerator at DESY, Hamburg.
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1
1 (one, also called unit, unity, and (multiplicative) identity) is a number, numeral, and glyph.
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1928 in science
The year 1928 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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1932
No description.
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1932 in science
The year 1932 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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2013 in science
A number of significant scientific events occurred in 2013, including the discovery of numerous Earthlike exoplanets, the development of viable lab-grown ears, teeth, livers and blood vessels, and the atmospheric entry of the most destructive meteor since 1908.
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2015 in science
A number of significant scientific events occurred in 2015.
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511 (disambiguation)
511 may refer to.
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Redirects here:
Anti-electron, Antielectron, Beta plus particle, Positive electron, Positrons.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron
