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423 relations: ABCA1, ABHD18, Acetyl-CoA, Acetylation, Acetylcholinesterase, Activity-based proteomics, Acyl-protein thioesterase, Acylation, Adenylylation, Adhesome, ADP-ribosylation, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Agnoprotein, Albert J.R. Heck, Aldehyde tag, Alpha-tubulin N-acetyltransferase, Amanita bisporigera, Amino acid, Amino acid synthesis, Amylin, Amyloid precursor protein, Andrographolide, ANKRD1, AP-1 transcription factor, APC/C activator protein CDH1, APH-1, Arginine, ARL6IP4, ARNTL, ASAH1, Autoinducer, Autophosphorylation, Benjamin Cravatt III, Biliverdin, Binding immunoglobulin protein, Bio-MEMS, BioGRID, Biological effects of radiation on the epigenome, Biomarker (cell), Biomolecular Object Network Databank, Blot (biology), Bone health, Bottom-up proteomics, BRAF (gene), Brenda Schulman, C-terminus, C11orf1, C14orf93, C15orf39, C17orf53, ..., C18orf63, C1orf123, C21orf58, C21orf59, C2orf73, C6orf58, C8orf82, Carboxyglutamic acid, Carboxylation, Carboxypeptidase, Cardioprotection, CARKD, Catherine Clarke Fenselau, CCDC113, CCDC180, CCDC186, CCDC90B, CD36, CD44, Cell Signaling Technology, Cell-free protein array, Ceramide kinase, Chemical biology, ChIP-sequencing, Chitinase domain-containing protein 1, Chloroplast DNA, Cholecystokinin, Christopher J. Schofield, Chromosome 9 open reading frame 43, Circular permutation in proteins, Citrullination, Citrulline, Clostridium difficile toxin B, Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 135, Colony-stimulating factor, Conalbumin, Contryphan, Covalent (disambiguation), Cysteine, Cysteine sulfinic acid, Deamidation, Dehydroalanine, Denaturation (biochemistry), DEPDC5, Dephosphorylation, Deramciclane, Dermorphin, Des-gamma carboxyprothrombin, Detyrosination, Deubiquitinating enzyme, Diane Barber, Dispanin, DNA adenine methyltransferase identification, DNA damage (naturally occurring), DNA polymerase V, DNA repair, DNA repair protein XRCC4, DNM1L, Dolichol, Dolichylation, Douglas Mitchell (scientist), DPH1, Drosophila circadian rhythm, DUT (gene), Dysfibrinogenemia, Eastern blot, Edible algae vaccine, Edwin Southern, EGF-like domain, EHD3, Electron-transfer dissociation, Endoglycosidase H, Enduracididine, Enzyme, Enzyme mimic, Epigenetics, Epigenetics and melanoma, Epigenomics, Epitranscriptomic sequencing, Erythropoietin, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli in molecular biology, Eukaryotic transcription, Expanded genetic code, Expression cloning, FAM221A, FAM71D, FAM83H, Farnesyltransferase, Fasciclin domain, FBXL3, Ferrochelatase, FHL2, Flux (biology), Follistatin, Formylation, Functional cloning, Fuzzy complex, G protein–coupled receptor, Galactose oxidase, Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, GDP-fucose protein O-fucosyltransferase 1, Gene, Gene expression, Gene expression profiling, Geranylgeraniol, Geranylgeranylation, Geranylgeranyltransferase type 1, Geranyltranstransferase, GHITM, GJA1, Glutamate rich 5, Glutamine synthetase, Glycation, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Glycoinformatics, Glycoprotein, Glycoproteinosis, Glycoproteomics, Glycosylation, Glycosylphosphatidylinositol, Golgi apparatus, GPATCH11, Growth hormone-binding protein, Gustatory cortex, Hershey–Chase experiment, HHIPL1, HIF1A, Histidine decarboxylase, Histone, Histone acetylation and deacetylation, Histone acetyltransferase, Histone deacetylase, Histone octamer, History of molecular biology, HMGA1, HSF1, HSH2D, Human Protein Reference Database, Human Proteinpedia, Human serum albumin, Hydrogenase maturation protease family, Hydrogen–deuterium exchange, Hydroxyproline, Hypoxia in fish, Hypusine, ICD-10 Chapter IV: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, IGFBP3, Immunolabeling, Index of biochemistry articles, Index of molecular biology articles, Inner nuclear membrane protein, Inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase, Insulin, Integrin alpha 7, Interleukin-1 family, Intrinsically disordered proteins, Irditoxin, IRX1, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, Johanson–Blizzard syndrome, Karl Maramorosch, Kenneth Andrew Walsh, KIAA0753, KIAA0895L, KIAA1841, KIAA1958, Kinase, Lamin, Laminopathy, Lantibiotics, Lassa virus, LENG9, Leslie M. Hicks, Ligand-gated ion channel, Linda Hsieh-Wilson, Lipogenesis, List of MeSH codes (G05), List of MeSH codes (G06), LRRIQ3, LSMEM1, Lysosomal storage disease, Lysyl hydroxylase, Macro domain, Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase, Mannan-binding lectin, Mannose receptor, MAP1LC3A, MAPK phosphatase, Mascot (software), Matrix gla protein, Methanococcoides burtonii, Methionine, Methylation, MHC class I, Microprocessor complex, Microtubule, Modification, Molecular biology, Monoamine transporter, Moroctocog alfa, Mucin 2, Multi-state modeling of biomolecules, Multiple sulfatase deficiency, Myelin basic protein, MYOM2, Myosin binding protein C, cardiac, Myristoylation, N-Formylmethionine, N-linked glycosylation, N-terminus, NBPF1, NBPF10, NBPF16, NEDD9, Nepovirus, Netpath, Neural crest, Neuropeptide K, Nicastrin, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, Nif regulon, Nisin, Non-proteinogenic amino acids, Nuclear transport, Nucleosome, OGT (gene), Oligosaccharyltransferase, Opioid peptide, Opioid receptor, OSER1, Osteopontin, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1, PDE6B, PDZ domain, PEPD, Peptide, Peptide spectral library, Permissiveness (biology), PGM1, Philip Cole, Phosida, Phosphatase, Phosphocholine, Phosphoprotein, Phosphoproteomics, Phosphorylation, Phosphoserine, PhosphoSitePlus, Pierce Biotechnology, PKM2, Podocyte, Poly(adp-ribose) polymerase family member 14, Polyglycylation, Polymer, Polysialic acid, Post-translational regulation, Preprotachykinin, PRKCE, PRMT8, PRNP, Procollagen-proline dioxygenase, Proinsulin, Proline-rich protein 30, Promyelocytic leukemia protein, PROSITE, Protease inhibitor (biology), Proteasome, Protein, Protein biosynthesis, Protein disulfide-isomerase, Protein mass spectrometry, Protein methylation, Protein microarray, Protein mimetic, Protein moonlighting, Protein O-GlcNAc transferase, Protein phosphorylation, Protein precursor, Protein primary structure, Protein production, Protein purification, Protein sequencing, Protein structure, Protein targeting, Protein-arginine deiminase, Protein–protein interaction, Proteinogenic amino acid, Proteogenomics, Proteomics, Proteopathy, PTM, Pyrrolysine, QRICH1, Rab GDP dissociation inhibitors, Radical SAM, Regulation of gene expression, Ribosome, RNA polymerase II, RNA splicing, RTX toxin, S-Glutathionylation, S-Nitrosothiol, S-Nitrosylation, SDS-PAGE, Secretion, Secretomics, Selected reaction monitoring, Selective estrogen receptor modulator, Sequence analysis, Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, Short linear motif, Sialic acid, Signal peptide peptidase, Signal transduction, Single-cell variability, SIRCAMS, SMC3, SMIM23, SnRNP, Sodium-chloride symporter, SoxC group, Ssm6a, Succinylation, Sulfation, SUMO enzymes, SUMO protein, Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization, Surfactant protein B, Susan Gerbi, Susan Golden, Systemin, TAC1, Tachykinin peptides, Tandem mass spectrometry, TCAIM, Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase, Tetrahymena, Thiazoline, Threonine, TLN2, TMEM126B, Tmem261, TMEM50A, TMEM63A, TMEM69, Topologically associating domain, Transcription coregulator, Transcriptional regulation, Transmembrane Protein 175, Transmembrane protein 251, Transmembrane protein 254, Transmembrane protein 53, TRNA (carboxymethyluridine34-5-O)-methyltransferase, Tryptophan tryptophylquinone, Tubulin, Tyrosine phosphorylation, Tyrosine sulfation, Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase, Ubiquitin, UniProt, Vitamin K, Von Hippel–Lindau disease, Western blot, Wolcott–Rallison syndrome, Yeast artificial chromosome, YopH, N-terminal, ZNRF1, ZXDC, 2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase, 3-Methylhistidine, 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase, 6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase. Expand index (373 more) »
ABCA1
ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1 (member 1 of human transporter sub-family ABCA), also known as the cholesterol efflux regulatory protein (CERP) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ABCA1 gene.
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ABHD18
ABHD18 is a protein that in Homo sapiens is encoded by the ABHD18 gene.
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Acetyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA (acetyl coenzyme A) is a molecule that participates in many biochemical reactions in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
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Acetylation
Acetylation (or in IUPAC nomenclature ethanoylation) describes a reaction that introduces an acetyl functional group into a chemical compound.
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Acetylcholinesterase
Acetylcholinesterase, encoded by HGNC gene ACHE; EC 3.1.1.7) is the primary cholinesterase in the body. It is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of acetylcholine and of some other choline esters that function as neurotransmitters. AChE is found at mainly neuromuscular junctions and in chemical synapses of the cholinergic type, where its activity serves to terminate synaptic transmission. It belongs to carboxylesterase family of enzymes. It is the primary target of inhibition by organophosphorus compounds such as nerve agents and pesticides.
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Activity-based proteomics
Activity-based proteomics, or activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is a functional proteomic technology that uses chemical probes that react with mechanistically related classes of enzymes.
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Acyl-protein thioesterase
Acyl-protein thioesterases are enzymes that cleave off lipid modifications on proteins, located on the sulfur atom of cysteine residues linked via a thioester bond.
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Acylation
In chemistry, acylation (rarely, but more formally: alkanoylation) is the process of adding an acyl group to a compound.
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Adenylylation
Adenylylation, now known as AMPylation, is a process in which adenosine monophosphate (AMP) molecule is covalently attached to a protein side chain, altering the function of the protein.
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Adhesome
The term Adhesome was first used by Richard Hynes to describe the complement of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion receptors in an organism and later expanded by Benny Geiger and co-workers to include the entire network of structural and signaling proteins involved in regulating cell-matrix adhesion.
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ADP-ribosylation
ADP-ribosylation is the addition of one or more ADP-ribose moieties to a protein.
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also adrenocorticotropin, corticotropin) is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced by and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
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Agnoprotein
Agnoprotein is a protein expressed by some members of the polyomavirus family from a gene called the agnogene.
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Albert J.R. Heck
Albert J.R. Heck (born November 25, 1964, in Goes, Netherlands) is a Dutch scientist and professor at Utrecht University, the Netherlands in the field of mass spectrometry and proteomics.
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Aldehyde tag
The aldehyde tag is a short peptide tag which can be introduced into fusion proteins and by subsequent treatment with the formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE) a reactive aldehyde group is generated for further coupling.
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Alpha-tubulin N-acetyltransferase
In enzymology, an alpha-tubulin N-acetyltransferase is an enzyme which is encoded by the ATAT1 gene.
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Amanita bisporigera
Amanita bisporigera is a deadly poisonous species of fungus in the family Amanitaceae.
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Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
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Amino acid synthesis
Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds.
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Amylin
Amylin, or islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), is a 37-residue peptide hormone.
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Amyloid precursor protein
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is an integral membrane protein expressed in many tissues and concentrated in the synapses of neurons.
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Andrographolide
Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid that has been isolated from the stem and leaves of Andrographis paniculata.
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ANKRD1
CARP, also known as Cardiac adriamycin-responsive protein or Cardiac ankyrin repeat protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANKRD1 gene.
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AP-1 transcription factor
Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, growth factors, stress, and bacterial and viral infections.
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APC/C activator protein CDH1
Cdh1 is one of the substrate adaptor protein of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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APH-1
APH-1 (anterior pharynx-defective 1) is a protein gene product originally identified in the Notch signaling pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans as a regulator of the cell-surface localization of nicastrin.
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Arginine
Arginine (symbol Arg or R) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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ARL6IP4
ADP-ribosylation-like factor 6 interacting protein 4 (ARL6IP4), also called SRp25 is the gene product of the ARL6IP4 gene located on chromosome 12q24.31.It is 360 amino acids in length.It is expressed ubiquitously but only in G1/S phase of the cell cycle.
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ARNTL
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 is protein that in humans is encoded by the ARNTL gene, also known as BMAL1, MOP3, and, less commonly, BHLHE5, BMAL, BMAL1C, JAP3, PASD3, and TIC.
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ASAH1
The ASAH1 gene encodes in humans the acid ceramidase enzyme.
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Autoinducer
Autoinducers are signaling molecules that are produced in response to changes in cell-population density.
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Autophosphorylation
Autophosphorylation is a type of post-translational modification of proteins.
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Benjamin Cravatt III
Benjamin Franklin Cravatt III is a professor in and chair of the Department of Chemical Physiology at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California.
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Biliverdin
Biliverdin is a green tetrapyrrolic bile pigment, and is a product of heme catabolism.
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Binding immunoglobulin protein
Binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) also known as 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP-78) or heat shock 70 kDa protein 5 (HSPA5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPA5 gene.
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Bio-MEMS
Bio-MEMS is an abbreviation for biomedical (or biological) microelectromechanical systems.
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BioGRID
The Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets (BioGRID) is a curated biological database of protein-protein interactions, genetic interactions, chemical interactions, and post-translational modifications created in 2003 (originally referred to as simply the General Repository for Interaction Datasets (GRID) by Mike Tyers, Bobby-Joe Breitkreutz, and Chris Stark at the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital. It strives to provide a comprehensive curated resource for all major model organism species while attempting to remove redundancy to create a single mapping of data. Users of The BioGRID can search for their protein or publication of interest and retrieve annotation, as well as curated data as reported, by the primary literature and compiled by in house large-scale curation efforts. The BioGRID is hosted in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and Dallas, Texas, United States and is partnered with the Saccharomyces Genome Database. The BioGRID is funded by the BBSRC, NIH, and CIHR. BioGRID is a member of the (IMEx).
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Biological effects of radiation on the epigenome
Ionizing radiation can cause biological effects which are passed on to offspring through the epigenome.
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Biomarker (cell)
A biomarker, or biological marker, is defined as a "cellular, biochemical or molecular alteration in cells, tissues or fluids that can be measured and evaluated to indicate normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention." Biomarkers characterize disease progression starting from the earliest natural history of the disease.
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Biomolecular Object Network Databank
The Biomolecular Object Network Databank is a bioinformatics databank containing information on small molecule and, structures and interactions.
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Blot (biology)
A blot, in molecular biology and genetics, is a method of transferring proteins, DNA or RNA, onto a carrier (for example, a nitrocellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or nylon membrane).
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Bone health
The human skeletal system is a complex organ in constant equilibrium with the rest of the body.
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Bottom-up proteomics
Bottom-up proteomics is a common method to identify proteins and characterize their amino acid sequences and post-translational modifications by proteolytic digestion of proteins prior to analysis by mass spectrometry.
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BRAF (gene)
BRAF is a human gene that encodes a protein called B-Raf.
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Brenda Schulman
Brenda Schulman is a biochemist and structural biologist who is a Director at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry.
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C-terminus
The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH).
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C11orf1
Chromosome 11 open reading frame one, also known as C11orf1, is a protein-coding gene.
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C14orf93
C14orf93 is a protein that is encoded in humans by the C14orf93 gene.
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C15orf39
C15orf39 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the Chromosome 15 open reading frame 15 (C15orf39) gene.
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C17orf53
C17orf53 is a gene in humans that encodes a protein known as C17orf53, uncharacterized protein C17orf53.
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C18orf63
Chromosome 18 open reading frame 63 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the C18orf63 gene.
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C1orf123
C1orf123 (chromosome 1 open reading frame 23) is a gene in the human genome that encodes the protein of unknown function, C1orf123.
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C21orf58
Chromosome 21 Open Reading Frame 58 (C21orf58) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C21orf58 gene.
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C21orf59
C21orf59 is a protein of unknown function.
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C2orf73
Uncharacterized protein C2orf73 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C2orf73 gene.
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C6orf58
C6orf58 is a humangene located at locus 6q22.33 of chromosome 6 and encodes for UPF0762, a protein which is subsequently secreted after cleavage of a signal peptide.
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C8orf82
Chromosome 8 open reading frame 82 is a protein encoded in humans by the C8orf82 gene.
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Carboxyglutamic acid
Carboxyglutamic acid (or the conjugate base, carboxyglutamate), is an uncommon amino acid introduced into proteins by a post-translational carboxylation of glutamic acid residues.
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Carboxylation
Carboxylation is a chemical reaction in which a carboxylic acid group is produced by treating a substrate with carbon dioxide.
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Carboxypeptidase
A carboxypeptidase (EC number 3.4.16 - 3.4.18) is a protease enzyme that hydrolyzes (cleaves) a peptide bond at the carboxy-terminal (C-terminal) end of a protein or peptide.
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Cardioprotection
Cardioprotection encompasses several regimens that have shown to preserve function and viability of cardiac muscle cell tissue subjected to ischemic insult or reoxygenation.
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CARKD
Carbohydrate kinase domain containing protein (abbreviated as CARKD), encoded by CARKD gene, is a human protein of unknown function.
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Catherine Clarke Fenselau
Catherine Clarke Fenselau (born 15 April 1939) is an American scientist who was the first trained mass spectrometrist on the faculty of an American medical school; she joined Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in 1968.
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CCDC113
Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 113 also known as HSPC065, GC16Pof6842 and GC16P044152, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC113 gene.
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CCDC180
Coiled-coil domain containing protein 180 (CCDC180) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC180 gene.
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CCDC186
CCDC186 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC186 gene The CCDC186 gene is also known as the CTCL-tumor associated antigen with accession number NM_018017.
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CCDC90B
Coiled coil domain containing 90B, also known as CCDC90B, is a protein encoded by the CCDC90B gene.
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CD36
CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36), also known as platelet glycoprotein 4, fatty acid translocase (FAT), scavenger receptor class B member 3 (SCARB3), and glycoproteins 88 (GP88), IIIb (GPIIIB), or IV (GPIV) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD36 gene.
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CD44
The CD44 antigen is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell–cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration.
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Cell Signaling Technology
Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
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Cell-free protein array
Cell-free protein array technology produces protein microarrays by performing in vitro synthesis of the target proteins from their DNA templates.
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Ceramide kinase
In enzymology, a ceramide kinase, also abbreviated as CERK, is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and ceramide, whereas its two products are ADP and ceramide-1-phosphate.
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Chemical biology
Chemical biology is a scientific discipline spanning the fields of chemistry and biology.
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ChIP-sequencing
ChIP-sequencing, also known as ChIP-seq, is a method used to analyze protein interactions with DNA.
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Chitinase domain-containing protein 1
Chitinase domain-containing protein 1 (CHID1) is a highly conserved protein of unknown function located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 11 near the telomere.
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Chloroplast DNA
Chloroplasts have their own DNA, often abbreviated as cpDNA.
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Cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin (CCK or CCK-PZ; from Greek chole, "bile"; cysto, "sac"; kinin, "move"; hence, move the bile-sac (gallbladder)) is a peptide hormone of the gastrointestinal system responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein.
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Christopher J. Schofield
Christopher Joseph Schofield (also known as Chris Schofield) is the Head of Organic Chemistry at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of the Royal Society.
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Chromosome 9 open reading frame 43
Chromosome 9 open reading frame 43 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C9orf43 gene.
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Circular permutation in proteins
A circular permutation is a relationship between proteins whereby the proteins have a changed order of amino acids in their peptide sequence.
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Citrullination
Citrullination or deimination is the conversion of the amino acid arginine in a protein into the amino acid citrulline.
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Citrulline
The organic compound citrulline is an α-amino acid.
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Clostridium difficile toxin B
Clostridium difficile toxin B is a toxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium difficile.
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Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 135
Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 135, also known as CCDC135, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC135 gene.
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Colony-stimulating factor
Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are secreted glycoproteins that bind to receptor proteins on the surfaces of hemopoietic stem cells, thereby activating intracellular signaling pathways that can cause the cells to proliferate and differentiate into a specific kind of blood cell (usually white blood cells. For red blood cell formation, see erythropoietin).
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Conalbumin
Ovotransferrin (conalbumin) is a glycoprotein of egg white albumen.
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Contryphan
The contryphans (conus + tryptophan) are a family of peptides that are active constituents of the potent venom produced by cone snail (genus conus).
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Covalent (disambiguation)
Covalent may refer to.
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Cysteine
Cysteine (symbol Cys or C) is a semi-essential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2SH.
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Cysteine sulfinic acid
Cysteine sulfinic acid is an amino acid containing a sulfinic acid functional group.
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Deamidation
Deamidation is a chemical reaction in which an amide functional group in the side chain of the amino acids asparagine or glutamine is removed or converted to another functional group.
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Dehydroalanine
Dehydroalanine (Cα,β-didehydroalanine, (alpha)-(beta)-di-dehydroalanine, or 2,3-didehydroalanine) is a dehydroamino acid.
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Denaturation (biochemistry)
Denaturation is a process in which proteins or nucleic acids lose the quaternary structure, tertiary structure, and secondary structure which is present in their native state, by application of some external stress or compound such as a strong acid or base, a concentrated inorganic salt, an organic solvent (e.g., alcohol or chloroform), radiation or heat.
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DEPDC5
DEPDC5 (or DEP domain-containing 5) is a human protein of poorly understood function but has been associated with cancer in several studies.
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Dephosphorylation
Dephosphorylation is the removal of a phosphate (PO43−) group from an organic compound by hydrolysis.
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Deramciclane
Deramciclane (EGIS-3886) is a non-benzodiazepine-type anxiolytic drug to treat various types of anxiety disorders.
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Dermorphin
Dermorphin is a hepta-peptide first isolated from the skin of South American frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa.
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Des-gamma carboxyprothrombin
Des-gamma carboxyprothrombin (DCP), also known as protein induced by vitamin K absence/antagonist-II (PIVKA-II), is an abnormal form of the coagulation protein, prothrombin.
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Detyrosination
Detyrosination is a form of posttranslational modification that occurs on alpha-tubulin.
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Deubiquitinating enzyme
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), also known as deubiquitinating peptidases, deubiquitinating isopeptidases, deubiquitinases, ubiquitin proteases, ubiquitin hydrolases, ubiquitin isopeptidases, are a large group of proteases that cleave ubiquitin from proteins and other molecules.
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Diane Barber
Diane L. Barber, from Marin, California, is an American cell physiologist and cell biologist.
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Dispanin
In molecular biology, the protein family Dispanin is another name for Interferon-induced transmembrane protein (IFITM).
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DNA adenine methyltransferase identification
DamID (DNA adenine methyltransferase identification) is a molecular biology protocol used to map the binding sites of DNA- and chromatin-binding proteins in eukaryotes.
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DNA damage (naturally occurring)
DNA damage is distinctly different from mutation, although both are types of error in DNA.
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DNA polymerase V
DNA Polymerase V (Pol V) is a polymerase enzyme involved in DNA repair mechanisms in prokaryotic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli.
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DNA repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome.
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DNA repair protein XRCC4
DNA repair protein XRCC4 also known as X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 4 or XRCC4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the XRCC4 gene.
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DNM1L
Dynamin-1-like protein is a GTPase that regulates mitochondrial fission.
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Dolichol
Dolichol refers to any of a group of long-chain mostly unsaturated organic compounds that are made up of varying numbers of isoprene units terminating in an α-saturated isoprenoid group, containing an alcohol functional group.
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Dolichylation
In biochemistry, dolichylation is the covalent addition of a dolichol group to a protein.
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Douglas Mitchell (scientist)
Douglas A. Mitchell is an Associate Professor of Chemistry at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
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DPH1
Diphthamide biosynthesis protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DPH1 gene.
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Drosophila circadian rhythm
Drosphila circadian rhythm is a daily 24-hour cycle of rest and activity in the fruit flies of the genus Drosophila.
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DUT (gene)
DUTP pyrophosphatase, also known as DUT, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the DUT gene on chromosome 15.
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Dysfibrinogenemia
The dysfibrinogenemias consist of three types of fibrinogen disorders in which a critical blood clotting factor, fibrinogen, circulates at normal levels but is dysfunctional.
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Eastern blot
The eastern blot is a biochemical technique used to analyze protein post translational modifications (PTM) such as lipids, phosphomoieties and glycoconjugates.
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Edible algae vaccine
Edible algae based vaccination is a vaccination strategy under preliminary research to combine a genetically engineered sub-unit vaccine and an immunologic adjuvant into Chlamydomonas reinhardtii microalgae.
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Edwin Southern
Sir Edwin Mellor Southern, FRS FRSE (born 7 June 1938) is an English Lasker Award-winning molecular biologist, Emeritus Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Oxford and a fellow of Trinity College, Oxford.
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EGF-like domain
The EGF-like domain is an evolutionary conserved protein domain, which derives its name from the epidermal growth factor where it was first described.
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EHD3
Eps15 homology domain-containing protein 3, abbreviated as EDH3 and also known as PAST3, is a protein encoded by the EHD3 gene.
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Electron-transfer dissociation
Electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) is a method of fragmenting multiply-charged gaseous macromolecules in a mass spectrometer between the stages of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS).
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Endoglycosidase H
The enzyme Endoglycosidase H (Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, N,N'-diacetylchitobiosyl beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, mannosyl-glycoprotein endo-beta-N-acetylglucosamidase, di-N-acetylchitobiosyl beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, endo-beta-acetylglucosaminidase, endo-beta-(1->4)-N-acetylglucosaminidase, mannosyl-glycoprotein 1,4-N-acetamidodeoxy-beta-D-glycohydrolase, endoglycosidase S, endo-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, endo-N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase D, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase L, glycopeptide-D-mannosyl-4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)2-asparagine 1,4-N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminohydrolase, endoglycosidase H) is an enzyme with systematic name glycopeptide-D-mannosyl-N4-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)2-asparagine 1,4-N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminohydrolase.
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Enduracididine
Enduracididine is a non-proteinogenic α-amino acid that is a cyclic analogue of arginine.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Enzyme mimic
Enzyme mimic (or Artificial enzyme) is a branch of biomimetic chemistry, which aims at imitating the function of natural enzymes.
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Epigenetics
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene function that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence.
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Epigenetics and melanoma
Melanoma is a rare but aggressive malignant cancer that originates from melanocytes.
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Epigenomics
Epigenomics is the study of the complete set of epigenetic modifications on the genetic material of a cell, known as the epigenome.
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Epitranscriptomic sequencing
In epitranscriptomic sequencing, most methods focus on either (1) enrichment and purification of the modified RNA molecules before running on the RNA sequencer, or (2) improving or modifying bioinformatics analysis pipelines to call the modification peaks.
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Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin (EPO), also known as hematopoietin or hemopoietin, is a glycoprotein cytokine secreted by the kidney in response to cellular hypoxia; it stimulates red blood cell production (erythropoiesis) in the bone marrow.
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Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli (also known as E. coli) is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms).
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Escherichia coli in molecular biology
Escherichia coli (commonly abbreviated E. coli) is a Gram-negative gammaproteobacterium commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms).
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Eukaryotic transcription
Eukaryotic transcription is the elaborate process that eukaryotic cells use to copy genetic information stored in DNA into units of RNA replica.
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Expanded genetic code
An expanded genetic code is an artificially modified genetic code in which one or more specific codons have been re-allocated to encode an amino acid that is not among the 20 common naturally-encoded proteinogenic amino acids.
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Expression cloning
Expression cloning is a technique in DNA cloning that uses expression vectors to generate a library of clones, with each clone expressing one protein.
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FAM221A
Family with sequence similarity 221 member A is a protein in humans that is encoded by the FAM221A gene.
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FAM71D
FAM71D, also known as chromosome 14 open reading frame 54 (C14orf54), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM71D gene on Chromosome 14.
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FAM83H
FAM83H is a gene in humans that encodes a protein known as FAM83H (uncharacterized protein FAM83H).
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Farnesyltransferase
Farnesyltransferase is one of the three enzymes in the prenyltransferase group.
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Fasciclin domain
In molecular biology, the fasciclin domain (FAS1 domain) is an extracellular domain of about 140 amino acid residues.
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FBXL3
FBXL3 is a gene in humans and mice that encodes the F-box/LRR-repeat protein 3 (FBXL3).
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Ferrochelatase
Ferrochelatase (or protoporphyrin ferrochelatase) is an enzyme that is encoded by the FECH gene in humans.
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FHL2
Four and a half LIM domains protein 2 also known as FHL-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FHL2 gene.
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Flux (biology)
In general, flux in biology relates to movement of a substance between compartments.
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Follistatin
Follistatin also known as activin-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FST gene.
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Formylation
In biochemistry, the addition of a formyl functional group is termed formylation.
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Functional cloning
Functional cloning is a molecular cloning technique that relies on prior knowledge of the encoded protein’s sequence or function for gene identification.
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Fuzzy complex
Fuzzy complexes are protein complexes, where structural ambiguity or multiplicity exists and is required for biological function.
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G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that detect molecules outside the cell and activate internal signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses.
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Galactose oxidase
Galactose oxidase (D-galactose:oxygen 6-oxidoreductase, D-galactose oxidase, beta-galactose oxidase; abbreviated GAO, GAOX, GOase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of D-galactose in some species of fungi.
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Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase
Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GGCX gene, located on chromosome 2 at 2p12.
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GDP-fucose protein O-fucosyltransferase 1
GDP-fucose protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT-1) is an enzyme belonging to the O-Fuc family of proteins all are involved in the transferring of o-fucose from GDP-β-L-fucose to substrates.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.
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Gene expression profiling
In the field of molecular biology, gene expression profiling is the measurement of the activity (the expression) of thousands of genes at once, to create a global picture of cellular function.
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Geranylgeraniol
Geranylgeraniol is a diterpene alcohol which plays a role in several important biological processes.
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Geranylgeranylation
Geranylgeranylation is a form of prenylation, which is a post-translational modification of proteins that involves the attachment of one or two 20-carbon lipophilic geranylgeranyl isoprene units from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to one or two cysteine residue(s) at the C-terminus of specific proteins.
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Geranylgeranyltransferase type 1
Geranylgeranyltransferase type 1 or simply geranylgeranyltransferase is one of the three enzymes in the prenyltransferase group.
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Geranyltranstransferase
In enzymology, a geranyltranstransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are geranyl diphosphate (a 10 carbon precursor) and isopentenyl diphosphate (a 5 carbon precursor) whereas its two products are diphosphate and trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate (a 15 carbon product).
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GHITM
Growth hormone-inducible transmembrane protein (GHITM), also known as transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing protein 5 (TMBIM5), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GHITM gene on chromosome 10.
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GJA1
Gap junction alpha-1 protein (GJA1), also known as connexin 43 (Cx43), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GJA1 gene on chromosome 6.
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Glutamate rich 5
Glutamate Rich Protein 5 is a protein in humans encoded by the ERICH5 gene, also known as Chromosome 8 open reading frame 47 (C8orf47).
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Glutamine synthetase
Glutamine synthetase (GS) is an enzyme that plays an essential role in the metabolism of nitrogen by catalyzing the condensation of glutamate and ammonia to form glutamine: Glutamate + ATP + NH3 → Glutamine + ADP + phosphate Glutamine Synthetase uses ammonia produced by nitrate reduction, amino acid degradation, and photorespiration.
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Glycation
Glycation (sometimes called non-enzymatic glycosylation) is the result of the covalent bonding of a sugar molecule, such as glucose or fructose, to a protein or lipid molecule, without the controlling action of an enzyme.
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Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (abbreviated as GAPDH or less commonly as G3PDH) is an enzyme of ~37kDa that catalyzes the sixth step of glycolysis and thus serves to break down glucose for energy and carbon molecules.
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Glycoinformatics
Glycoinformatics is a field of bioinformatics that pertains to the study of carbohydrates involved in protein post-translational modification.
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Glycoprotein
Glycoproteins are proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains (glycans) covalently attached to amino acid side-chains.
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Glycoproteinosis
Glycoproteinosis are lysosomal storage diseases affecting glycoproteins, resulting from defects in lysosomal function.
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Glycoproteomics
Glycoproteomics is a branch of proteomics that identifies, catalogs, and characterizes proteins containing carbohydrates as a posttranslational modification.
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Glycosylation
Glycosylation (see also chemical glycosylation) is the reaction in which a carbohydrate, i.e. a glycosyl donor, is attached to a hydroxyl or other functional group of another molecule (a glycosyl acceptor).
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Glycosylphosphatidylinositol
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol, or glycophosphatidylinositol, or GPI in short, is a glycolipid that can be attached to the C-terminus of a protein during posttranslational modification.
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Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.
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GPATCH11
GPATCH11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the G-patch domain containing protein 11 gene.
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Growth hormone-binding protein
Growth hormone-binding protein (GHBP) is a soluble carrier protein for growth hormone (GH).
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Gustatory cortex
The primary gustatory cortex is a brain structure responsible for the perception of taste.
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Hershey–Chase experiment
The Hershey–Chase experiments were a series of experiments conducted in 1952 by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase that helped to confirm that DNA is genetic material.
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HHIPL1
HHIP-like protein 1 (HHIPL1), also known as HHIP2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HHIPL1 gene on chromosome 14.
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HIF1A
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, also known as HIF-1-alpha, is a subunit of a heterodimeric transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) that is encoded by the HIF1A gene.
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Histidine decarboxylase
Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) is an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the decarboxylation of histidine to form histamine.
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Histone
In biology, histones are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes.
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Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation.
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Histone acetyltransferase
Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are enzymes that acetylate conserved lysine amino acids on histone proteins by transferring an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to form ε-N-acetyllysine.
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Histone deacetylase
Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O.
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Histone octamer
A histone octamer is the eight protein complex found at the center of a nucleosome core particle.
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History of molecular biology
The history of molecular biology begins in the 1930s with the convergence of various, previously distinct biological and physical disciplines: biochemistry, genetics, microbiology, virology and physics.
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HMGA1
High-mobility group protein HMG-I/HMG-Y is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HMGA1 gene.
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HSF1
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSF1 gene.
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HSH2D
Hematopoietic SH2 Domain Containing (HSH2D) protein is a protein encoded by the hematopoietic SH2 domain containing (HSH2D) gene.
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Human Protein Reference Database
The Human Protein Reference Database (HPRD) is a protein database accessible through the Internet.
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Human Proteinpedia
Human Proteinpedia is a portal for sharing and integration of human proteomic data.
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Human serum albumin
Human serum albumin is the serum albumin found in human blood.
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Hydrogenase maturation protease family
In molecular biology, the hydrogenase maturation protease family is a family of aspartic endopeptidases belonging to MEROPS family A31.
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Hydrogen–deuterium exchange
Hydrogen–deuterium exchange (also called H–D or H/D exchange) is a chemical reaction in which a covalently bonded hydrogen atom is replaced by a deuterium atom, or vice versa.
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Hydroxyproline
(2S,4R)-4-Hydroxyproline, or L-hydroxyproline (C5H9O3N), is a common non-proteinogenic amino acid, abbreviated as Hyp, e.g., in Protein Data Bank.
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Hypoxia in fish
Fish are exposed to large oxygen fluctuations in their aquatic environment since the inherent properties of water can result in marked spatial and temporal differences in the concentration of oxygen (see oxygenation and underwater).
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Hypusine
Hypusine is an unusual amino acid found in all eukaryotes and in some archaea, but not in bacteria.
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ICD-10 Chapter IV: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases
This is an overview about the chapter IV (also called chapter E) of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10).
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IGFBP3
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, also known as IGFBP-3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGFBP3 gene.
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Immunolabeling
Immunolabeling is a biochemical process that enables the detection and localization of an antigen to a particular site within a cell, tissue, or organ.
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Index of biochemistry articles
Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living organisms.
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Index of molecular biology articles
This is a list of topics in molecular biology.
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Inner nuclear membrane protein
Inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteins are proteins that are embedded in or associated with the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope (NE).
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Inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase
Inositol (1,4,5) Trisphosphate-3- Kinase is an enzyme that facilitates a phospho-group transfer from ATP to 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate.
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Insulin
Insulin (from Latin insula, island) is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets; it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body.
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Integrin alpha 7
Alpha-7 integrin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA7 gene.
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Interleukin-1 family
The Interleukin-1 family (IL-1 family) is a group of 11 cytokines that plays a central role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses to infections or sterile insults.
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Intrinsically disordered proteins
An intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) is a protein that lacks a fixed or ordered three-dimensional structure.
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Irditoxin
Irditoxin is a three-finger toxin (3FTx) protein found in the venom of the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) and likely in other members of the genus Boiga.
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IRX1
Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-1, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX1 gene.
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JAK-STAT signaling pathway
The JAK-STAT signalling pathway is a chain of interactions between proteins in a cell, and is involved in processes such as immunity, cell division, cell death and tumour formation.
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Johanson–Blizzard syndrome
Johanson–Blizzard syndrome (JBS) is a rare, sometimes fatal autosomal recessive multisystem congenital disorder featuring abnormal development of the pancreas, nose and scalp, with mental retardation, hearing loss and growth failure.
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Karl Maramorosch
Karl Maramorosch (January 16, 1915 – May 9, 2016) was an Austrian-born American virologist, entomologist, and plant pathologist.
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Kenneth Andrew Walsh
Kenneth Andrew Walsh is a Canadian born biochemist who spent most of his career in the USA, now emeritus professor of biochemistry at the University of Washington.
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KIAA0753
KIAA0753 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene KIAA0753.
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KIAA0895L
Uncharacterized protein KIAA0895-like also known as LOC653319, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIAA0895L gene.
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KIAA1841
KIAA1841 is a gene in humans that encodes a protein known as KIAA1841 (uncharacterized protein KIAA1841).
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KIAA1958
Protein KIAA1958 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIAA1958 gene.
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Kinase
In biochemistry, a kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups from high-energy, phosphate-donating molecules to specific substrates.
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Lamin
Nuclear lamins, also known as Class V intermediate filaments, are fibrous proteins providing structural function and transcriptional regulation in the cell nucleus.
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Laminopathy
Laminopathies (lamino- + -opathy) are a group of rare genetic disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins of the nuclear lamina.
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Lantibiotics
Lantibiotics are a class of polycyclic peptide antibiotics that contain the characteristic thioether amino acids lanthionine or methyllanthionine, as well as the unsaturated amino acids dehydroalanine, and 2-aminoisobutyric acid.
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Lassa virus
Lassa virus (LASV) is an arenavirus that causes Lassa hemorrhagic fever, a type of viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF), in humans and other primates.
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LENG9
Leukocyte Receptor Cluster Member 9 (LENG 9) is an uncharacterized protein encoded by the LENG9 gene.
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Leslie M. Hicks
Leslie Hicks is an assistant professor of analytical chemistry at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
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Ligand-gated ion channel
Ligand-gated ion channels (LICs, LGIC), also commonly referred as ionotropic receptors, are a group of transmembrane ion-channel proteins which open to allow ions such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, and/or Cl− to pass through the membrane in response to the binding of a chemical messenger (i.e. a ligand), such as a neurotransmitter.
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Linda Hsieh-Wilson
Linda Carol Hsieh-Wilson is an American chemist.
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Lipogenesis
Lipogenesis is the process by which acetyl-CoA is converted to fatty acids.
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List of MeSH codes (G05)
The following is a list of the "G" codes for MeSH.
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List of MeSH codes (G06)
The following is a list of the "G" codes for MeSH.
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LRRIQ3
LRRIQ3 (Leucine-rich repeats and IQ motif containing 3), which is also known as LRRC44, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRRIQ3 gene.
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LSMEM1
Leucine-Rich Single-Pass Membrane Protein 1 (LSMEM1) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the LSMEM1 gene.
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Lysosomal storage disease
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of about 50 rare inherited metabolic disorders that result from defects in lysosomal function.
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Lysyl hydroxylase
Lysyl hydroxylases (or procollagen-lysine 5-dioxygenases) are alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases enzymes that catalyze the hydroxylation of lysine to hydroxylysine.
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Macro domain
In molecular biology, the Macro domain or A1pp domain is a module of about 180 amino acids which can bind ADP-ribose, an NAD metabolite, or related ligands.
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Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase
Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (which can also be called MCD and malonyl-CoA carboxyl-lyase) is found from bacteria to humans, has important roles in regulating fatty acid metabolism and food intake, and it is an attractive target for drug discovery.
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Mannan-binding lectin
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), also called mannose-binding protein or mannan-binding protein (MBP), is a lectin that is instrumental in innate immunity via the lectin pathway.
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Mannose receptor
The mannose receptor (Cluster of Differentiation 206, CD206) is a C-type lectin primarily present on the surface of macrophages and immature dendritic cells, but is also expressed on the surface of skin cells such as human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes.
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MAP1LC3A
Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAP1LC3A gene.
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MAPK phosphatase
MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) are the largest class of phosphatases involved in down-regulating Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling.
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Mascot (software)
Mascot is a software search engine that uses mass spectrometry data to identify proteins from peptide sequence databases.
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Matrix gla protein
Matrix gla protein (MGP) is member of a family of vitamin-K2 dependent, Gla-containing proteins.
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Methanococcoides burtonii
Methanococcoides burtonii is a methylotrophic methanogenic archaeon first isolated from Ace Lake, Antarctica.
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Methionine
Methionine (symbol Met or M) is an essential amino acid in humans.
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Methylation
In the chemical sciences, methylation denotes the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group.
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MHC class I
MHC class I molecules are one of two primary classes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (the other being MHC class II) and are found on the cell surface of all nucleated cells in the bodies of jawed vertebrates.
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Microprocessor complex
The Microprocessor complex is a protein complex involved in the early stages of processing microRNA (miRNA) in animal cells.
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Microtubule
Microtubules are tubular polymers of tubulin that form part of the cytoskeleton that provides the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and some bacteria with structure and shape.
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Modification
Modification may refer to.
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Molecular biology
Molecular biology is a branch of biology which concerns the molecular basis of biological activity between biomolecules in the various systems of a cell, including the interactions between DNA, RNA, proteins and their biosynthesis, as well as the regulation of these interactions.
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Monoamine transporter
Monoamine transporters (MATs) are protein structures that function as integral plasma-membrane transporters to regulate concentrations of extracellular monoamine neurotransmitters.
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Moroctocog alfa
Moroctocog alfa (trade name ReFacto) is a recombinant antihemophilic factor genetically engineered from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line.
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Mucin 2
Mucin 2, oligomeric mucus gel-forming, also known as MUC2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MUC2 gene.
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Multi-state modeling of biomolecules
Multi-state modeling of biomolecules refers to a series of techniques used to represent and compute the behaviour of biological molecules or complexes that can adopt a large number of possible functional states.
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Multiple sulfatase deficiency
Multiple sulfatase deficiency (also known as "Austin disease", and "mucosulfatidosis") is a very rare autosomal recessiveJames, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005).
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Myelin basic protein
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a protein believed to be important in the process of myelination of nerves in the nervous system.
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MYOM2
M-protein, also known as Myomesin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYOM2 gene.
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Myosin binding protein C, cardiac
The myosin-binding protein C, cardiac-type is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYBPC3 gene.
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Myristoylation
Myristoylation is a lipidation modification where a myristoyl group, derived from myristic acid, is covalently attached by an amide bond to the alpha-amino group of an N-terminal glycine residue.
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N-Formylmethionine
N-Formylmethionine (fMet) is a derivative of the amino acid methionine in which a formyl group has been added to the amino group.
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N-linked glycosylation
N-linked glycosylation, is the attachment of the sugar molecule oligosaccharide known as glycan to a nitrogen atom (the amide nitrogen of an asparagine (Asn) residue of a protein), in a process called N-glycosylation, studied in biochemistry.
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N-terminus
The N-terminus (also known as the amino-terminus, NH2-terminus, N-terminal end or amine-terminus) is the start of a protein or polypeptide referring to the free amine group (-NH2) located at the end of a polypeptide.
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NBPF1
Neuroblastoma Breakpoint Family, Member 1, or NBPF1 is a protein that is encoded by the gene NBPF1 in humans.
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NBPF10
Neuroblastoma breakpoint family member 10 is a protein that in Homo sapiens is encoded by the NBPF10 gene.
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NBPF16
Neuroblastoma Breakpoint Family, Member 16, also known as NBPF16, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the NBPF16 gene.
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NEDD9
Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 9 (NEDD-9) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NEDD9 gene.
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Nepovirus
Nepovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Picornavirales, in the family Secoviridae, in the subfamily Comovirinae.
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Netpath
NetPath is a manually curated resource of human signal transduction pathways.
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Neural crest
Neural crest cells are a temporary group of cells unique to chordates of the group Cristozoa that arise from the embryonic ectoderm cell layer, and in turn give rise to a diverse cell lineage—including melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage and bone, smooth muscle, peripheral and enteric neurons and glia.
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Neuropeptide K
Neuropeptide K (also known as neurokinin K), is a protein encoded by the TAC1 gene.
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Nicastrin
Nicastrin, also known as NCSTN, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCSTN gene.
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells.
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Nif regulon
The Nif regulon is a set of seven operons used to regulate nitrogen fixation in the coliform bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae under anaerobic and microaerophilic conditions.
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Nisin
Nisin is a polycyclic antibacterial peptide produced by the bacterium Lactococcus lactis that is used as a food preservative.
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Non-proteinogenic amino acids
In biochemistry, non-coded or non-proteinogenic amino acids are those not naturally encoded or found in the genetic code of any organism.
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Nuclear transport
The entry and exit of large molecules from the cell nucleus is tightly controlled by the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs).
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Nucleosome
A nucleosome is a basic unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes, consisting of a segment of DNA wound in sequence around eight histone protein cores.
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OGT (gene)
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine—peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, also known as O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase and O-GlcNAc transferase, OGT is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the OGT gene.
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Oligosaccharyltransferase
Oligosaccharyltransferase or OST is a membrane protein complex that transfers a 14-sugar oligosaccharide from dolichol to nascent protein.
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Opioid peptide
Opioid peptides are peptides that bind to opioid receptors in the brain; opiates and opioids mimic the effect of these peptides.
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Opioid receptor
Opioid receptors are a group of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptors with opioids as ligands.
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OSER1
Chromosome 20 open reading frame 111, or C20orf111, is the hypothetical protein that in humans is encoded by the C20orf111 gene.
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Osteopontin
Osteopontin (OPN), also known as bone sialoprotein I (BSP-1 or BNSP), early T-lymphocyte activation (ETA-1), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), 2ar and Rickettsia resistance (Ric), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPP1 gene (secreted phosphoprotein 1).
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P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1
Selectin P ligand, also known as SELPLG or CD162 (cluster of differentiation 162), is a human gene.
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PDE6B
Rod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit beta is the beta subunit of the protein complex PDE6 that is encoded by the PDE6B gene.
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PDZ domain
The PDZ domain is a common structural domain of 80-90 amino-acids found in the signaling proteins of bacteria, yeast, plants, viruses and animals.
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PEPD
Xaa-Pro dipeptidase, also known as prolidase, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PEPD gene.
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Peptide
Peptides (from Gr.: πεπτός, peptós "digested"; derived from πέσσειν, péssein "to digest") are short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide (amide) bonds.
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Peptide spectral library
A peptide spectral library is a curated, annotated and non-redundant collection/database of LC-MS/MS peptide spectra.
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Permissiveness (biology)
In endocrinology, permissiveness is a biochemical phenomenon in which the presence of one hormone is required in order for another hormone to exert its full effects on a target cell.
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PGM1
Phosphoglucomutase-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PGM1 gene.
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Philip Cole
Philip Cole is a professor and the director of the Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences at Johns Hopkins University Medical School.
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Phosida
The '''PHO'''sphorylation SIte DAtabase PHOSIDA integrates thousands of high-confidence in vivo phosphosites identified in various species on the basis of mass spectrometry technology.
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Phosphatase
A phosphatase is an enzyme that uses water to cleave a phosphoric acid monoester into a phosphate ion and an alcohol.
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Phosphocholine
Phosphocholine is an intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine in tissues.
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Phosphoprotein
A phosphoprotein is a protein that is posttranslationally modified by the attachment of either a single phosphate group, or a complex molecule such as 5'-phospho-DNA, through a phosphate group.
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Phosphoproteomics
Phosphoproteomics is a branch of proteomics that identifies, catalogs, and characterizes proteins containing a phosphate group as a post-translational modification.
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Phosphorylation
In chemistry, phosphorylation of a molecule is the attachment of a phosphoryl group.
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Phosphoserine
Phosphoserine (abbreviated as SEP or J) is an ester of serine and phosphoric acid.
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PhosphoSitePlus
PhosphoSitePlus is a database of observed post-translational modifications in human and mouse proteins.
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Pierce Biotechnology
Rockford, IL-based Pierce Chemical Company was founded in 1948 when Dr.
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PKM2
Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 (PKM1/M2), also known as pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme (PKM), pyruvate kinase type K, cytosolic thyroid hormone-binding protein (CTHBP), thyroid hormone-binding protein 1 (THBP1), or opa-interacting protein 3 (OIP3), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PKM2 gene.
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Podocyte
Podocytes are cells in the Bowman's capsule in the kidneys that wrap around capillaries of the glomerulus.
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Poly(adp-ribose) polymerase family member 14
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 14 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the PARP14 gene.
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Polyglycylation
Polyglycylation is a form of posttranslational modification of glutamate residues of the carboxyl-terminal region tubulin in certain microtubules (e.g., axonemal) originally discovered in Paramecium, and later shown in mammalian neurons as well.
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Polymer
A polymer (Greek poly-, "many" + -mer, "part") is a large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeated subunits.
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Polysialic acid
Polysialic acid is an unusual posttranslational modification that occurs on neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM).
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Post-translational regulation
Post-translational regulation refers to the control of the levels of active protein.
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Preprotachykinin
Preprotachykinins are precursor proteins that are modified into tachykinin peptides.
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PRKCE
Protein kinase C epsilon type (PKCε) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKCE gene.
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PRMT8
Protein arginine methyltransferase 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRMT8 gene.
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PRNP
PRNP (PRioN Protein) is the human gene encoding for the major prion protein PrP (for prion protein), also known as CD230 (cluster of differentiation 230).
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Procollagen-proline dioxygenase
Procollagen-proline dioxygenase, commonly known as prolyl hydroxylase, is a member of the class of enzymes known as alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases.
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Proinsulin
Proinsulin is the prohormone precursor to insulin made in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans, specialized regions of the pancreas.
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Proline-rich protein 30
Proline-rich protein 30 (PRR30 or C2orf53) is a protein in humans that is encoded for by the PRR30 gene.
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Promyelocytic leukemia protein
Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) (also known as MYL, RNF71, PP8675 or TRIM19) is the protein product of the PML gene.
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PROSITE
PROSITE is a protein database.
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Protease inhibitor (biology)
In biology and biochemistry, protease inhibitors are molecules that inhibit the function of proteases (enzymes that aid the breakdown of proteins).
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Proteasome
Proteasomes are protein complexes which degrade unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Protein biosynthesis
Protein synthesis is the process whereby biological cells generate new proteins; it is balanced by the loss of cellular proteins via degradation or export.
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Protein disulfide-isomerase
Protein disulfide isomerase, or PDI, is an enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotes and the periplasm of bacteria that catalyzes the formation and breakage of disulfide bonds between cysteine residues within proteins as they fold.
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Protein mass spectrometry
Protein mass spectrometry refers to the application of mass spectrometry to the study of proteins.
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Protein methylation
Protein methylation is the process through which a group of specific enzymes, the methyltransferases modify proteins by adding a methyl groups.
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Protein microarray
A protein microarray (or protein chip) is a high-throughput method used to track the interactions and activities of proteins, and to determine their function, and determining function on a large scale.
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Protein mimetic
A protein mimetic is a molecule such as a peptide, a modified peptide or any other molecule that biologically mimics the action or activity of some other protein.
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Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function.
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Protein O-GlcNAc transferase
O-GlcNAc transferase (O-GlcNAc transferase, OGTase, O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine:polypeptide beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, protein O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine transferase) is an enzyme with systematic name UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:protein-O-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl transferase.
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Protein phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group.
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Protein precursor
A protein precursor, also called a pro-protein or pro-peptide, is an inactive protein (or peptide) that can be turned into an active form by post-translational modification, such as breaking off a piece of the molecule or adding on another molecule.
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Protein primary structure
Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein.
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Protein production
Protein production is the biotechnological process of generating a specific protein.
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Protein purification
Protein purification is a series of processes intended to isolate one or a few proteins from a complex mixture, usually cells, tissues or whole organisms.
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Protein sequencing
Protein sequencing is the practical process of determining the amino acid sequence of all or part of a protein or peptide.
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Protein structure
Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule.
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Protein targeting
Protein targeting or protein sorting is the biological mechanism by which proteins are transported to the appropriate destinations in the cell or outside it.
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Protein-arginine deiminase
In enzymology, a protein-arginine deiminase is an enzyme that catalyzes a form of post translational modification called arginine de-imination or citrullination: Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are protein L-arginine and H2O, whereas its two products are protein L-citrulline and NH3.
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Protein–protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are the physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules as a result of biochemical events steered by electrostatic forces including the hydrophobic effect.
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Proteinogenic amino acid
Proteinogenic amino acids are amino acids that are incorporated biosynthetically into proteins during translation.
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Proteogenomics
Proteogenomics is a field of biological research that utilizes a combination of proteomics, genomics, and transcriptomics to aid in the discovery and identification of peptides.
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Proteomics
Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins.
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Proteopathy
In medicine, proteopathy (Proteo-; -pathy; proteopathies pl.; proteopathic adj.) refers to a class of diseases in which certain proteins become structurally abnormal, and thereby disrupt the function of cells, tissues and organs of the body.
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PTM
PTM may refer to.
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Pyrrolysine
Pyrrolysine (symbol Pyl or O; encoded by the 'amber' stop codon UAG) is an ɑ-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins in some methanogenic archaea and bacteria; it is not present in humans.
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QRICH1
QRICH1, also known as Glutamine-rich protein 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the QRICH1 gene.
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Rab GDP dissociation inhibitors
In molecular biology, the Rab GDP dissociation inhibitors (Rab GDIs) constitute a family of small GTPases that serve a regulatory role in vesicular membrane traffic.
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Radical SAM
Radical SAM is a designation for a superfamily of enzymes that use a + cluster to reductively cleave S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to generate a radical, usually a 5′-deoxyadenosyl radical, as a critical intermediate.
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Regulation of gene expression
Regulation of gene expression includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA), and is informally termed gene regulation.
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Ribosome
The ribosome is a complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis (translation).
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RNA polymerase II
RNA polymerase II (RNAP II and Pol II) is a multiprotein complex.
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RNA splicing
In molecular biology, splicing is the editing of the nascent precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript into a mature messenger RNA (mRNA).
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RTX toxin
The RTX toxin superfamily is a group of cytolysins and cytotoxins produced by bacteria.
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S-Glutathionylation
S-Glutathionylation is the posttranslational modification of protein cysteine residues by the addition of glutathione, the most abundant and important low-molecular-mass thiol within most cell types.
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S-Nitrosothiol
S-Nitrosothiols, also known as thionitrites, are organic compounds or functional groups containing a nitroso group attached to the sulfur atom of a thiol.
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S-Nitrosylation
S-Nitrosylation, the covalent attachment of NO to a cysteine residue to form an ''S''-nitrosothiol (SNO), is a post-translational protein modification of broad purview across phylogeny and cell types.
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SDS-PAGE
SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) is a variant of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, an analytical method in biochemistry for the separation of charged molecules in mixtures by their molecular masses in an electric field.
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Secretion
Secretion is the movement of material from one point to another, e.g. secreted chemical substance from a cell or gland.
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Secretomics
Secretomics is a subset of proteomics in which all of the secreted proteins of a cell, tissue, or organism are analyzed.
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Selected reaction monitoring
Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) is a method used in tandem mass spectrometry in which an ion of a particular mass is selected in the first stage of a tandem mass spectrometer and an ion product of a fragmentation reaction of the precursor ion is selected in the second mass spectrometer stage for detection.
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Selective estrogen receptor modulator
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are a class of drugs that act on the estrogen receptor (ER).
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Sequence analysis
In bioinformatics, sequence analysis is the process of subjecting a DNA, RNA or peptide sequence to any of a wide range of analytical methods to understand its features, function, structure, or evolution.
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Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase
A serine/threonine protein kinase is a kinase enzyme that phosphorylates the OH group of serine or threonine (which have similar sidechains).
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Short linear motif
In molecular biology Short Linear Motifs (also known as SLiMs, Linear Motifs or minimotifs) are short stretches of protein sequence that mediate protein–protein interaction.
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Sialic acid
Sialic acid is a generic term for the N- or O-substituted derivatives of neuraminic acid, a monosaccharide with a nine-carbon backbone.
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Signal peptide peptidase
In molecular biology, the Signal Peptide Peptidase (SPP) is a type of protein that specifically cleaves parts of other proteins.
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Signal transduction
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellular response.
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Single-cell variability
In cell biology, single-cell variability occurs when individual cells in an otherwise similar population differ in shape, size, position in the cell cycle, or molecular-level characteristics.
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SIRCAMS
The Scottish Instrumentation and Research Centre for Advanced Mass Spectrometry (SIRCAMS) is a facility for ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry of biomolecules, based at the University of Edinburgh.
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SMC3
Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 3 (SMC-3) is a nuclear protein that in humans is encoded by the SMC3 gene.
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SMIM23
SMIM23 or Small Integral Membrane Protein 23 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SMIM23 or c5orf50 gene.
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SnRNP
snRNPs (pronounced "snurps"), or small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, are RNA-protein complexes that combine with unmodified pre-mRNA and various other proteins to form a spliceosome, a large RNA-protein molecular complex upon which splicing of pre-mRNA occurs.
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Sodium-chloride symporter
The sodium-chloride symporter (also known as Na+-Cl− cotransporter, NCC or NCCT, or as the thiazide-sensitive Na+-Cl− cotransporter or TSC) is a cotransporter in the kidney which has the function of reabsorbing sodium and chloride ions from the tubular fluid into the cells of the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron.
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SoxC group
SoxC group is group C of Sry-related HMG box proteins transcription factors.
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Ssm6a
Ssm6a (Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans 6), or μ-SLPTX-Ssm6a, is a toxin from the venom of the Chinese red-headed centipede.
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Succinylation
Succinylation is a posttranslational modification where a succinyl group (-CO-CH2-CH2-CO2H) is added to a lysine residue of a protein molecule.
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Sulfation
Sulfation or sulfurylation (not to be confused with sulfonation) in biochemistry is the enzyme-catalyzed conjugation of a sulfo group (not a sulfate or sulfuryl group) to another molecule.
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SUMO enzymes
SUMO enzymatic cascade catalyzes the dynamic posttranslational modification process of sumoylation (i.e. transfer of SUMO protein to other proteins).
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SUMO protein
Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (or SUMO) proteins are a family of small proteins that are covalently attached to and detached from other proteins in cells to modify their function.
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Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization
Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) is a soft ionization method in mass spectrometry (MS) used for the analysis of protein mixtures.
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Surfactant protein B
Surfactant protein B is an essential lipid-associated protein found in pulmonary surfactant.
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Susan Gerbi
Susan Gerbi (born 1944) is the George Eggleston Professor of Biochemistry and a professor of biology at Brown University.
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Susan Golden
Susan Golden (née Stephens) was born in Pine Bluff, Arkansas in 1957.
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Systemin
Systemin is a plant peptide hormone involved in the wound response in the Solanaceae family.
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TAC1
Preprotachykinin-1, (abbreviated PPT-1, PPT-I, or PPT-A), is a precursor protein that in humans is encoded by the TAC1 gene.
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Tachykinin peptides
Tachykinin peptides are one of the largest families of neuropeptides, found from amphibians to mammals.
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Tandem mass spectrometry
Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, involves multiple steps of mass spectrometry selection, with some form of fragmentation occurring in between the stages.
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TCAIM
TCAIM is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TCAIM gene (T-cell activation inhibitor, mitochondrial).
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Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase
Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) synthase (full name Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase) is an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the formation of THCA from cannabigerolic acid (CBGA).
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Tetrahymena
Tetrahymena is a genus of free-living ciliates that can also switch from commensalistic to pathogenic modes of survival.
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Thiazoline
Thiazolines (or dihydrothiazoles) are a group of isomeric 5-membered heterocyclic compounds containing both sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.
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Threonine
Threonine (symbol Thr or T) is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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TLN2
Talin 2 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the TLN2 gene.
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TMEM126B
Transmembrane protein 126B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM126B gene.
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Tmem261
is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene located on chromosome 9.
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TMEM50A
Transmembrane protein 50A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM50A gene.
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TMEM63A
Transmembrane protein 63A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM63A gene.
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TMEM69
TMEM69, also known as Transmembrane protein 69, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM69 gene.
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Topologically associating domain
A topologically associating domain (TAD) is a self-interacting genomic region, meaning that DNA sequences within a TAD physically interact with each other more frequently than with sequences outside the TAD.
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Transcription coregulator
In molecular biology and genetics, transcription coregulators are proteins that interact with transcription factors to either activate or repress the transcription of specific genes.
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Transcriptional regulation
In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity.
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Transmembrane Protein 175
Transmembrane Protein 175, or TMEM175, is a transmembrane protein that is not yet well understood by the scientific community.
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Transmembrane protein 251
Transmembrane protein 251, also known as C14orf109 or UPF0694, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM251 gene.
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Transmembrane protein 254
Transmembrane protein 254 is a transmembrane protein that is encoded by the TMEM254 gene, it is predicted to have many orthologs across eukaryotes.
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Transmembrane protein 53
Transmembrane protein 53, or TMEM53, is a protein that is encoded on chromosome 1 in humans.
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TRNA (carboxymethyluridine34-5-O)-methyltransferase
TRNA (carboxymethyluridine34-5-O)-methyltransferase (ALKBH8, ABH8, Trm9, tRNA methyltransferase 9) is an enzyme with systematic name S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (carboxymethyluridine34-5-O)-methyltransferase.
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Tryptophan tryptophylquinone
Tryptophan tryptophylquinone(TTQ) is an enzyme cofactor, generated by posttranslational modification of amino acids within the protein.
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Tubulin
Tubulin in molecular biology can refer either to the tubulin protein superfamily of globular proteins, or one of the member proteins of that superfamily.
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Tyrosine phosphorylation
Tyrosine phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO43−) group to the amino acid tyrosine on a protein.
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Tyrosine sulfation
Tyrosine sulfation is a posttranslational modification where a sulfate group is added to a tyrosine residue of a protein molecule.
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Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase
Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes tyrosine sulfation.
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Ubiquitin
Ubiquitin is a small (8.5 kDa) regulatory protein found in most tissues of eukaryotic organisms, i.e. it occurs ''ubiquitously''.
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UniProt
UniProt is a freely accessible database of protein sequence and functional information, many entries being derived from genome sequencing projects.
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Vitamin K
Vitamin K is a group of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamins that the human body requires for complete synthesis of certain proteins that are prerequisites for blood coagulation (K from Koagulation, Danish for "coagulation") and which the body also needs for controlling binding of calcium in bones and other tissues.
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Von Hippel–Lindau disease
von Hippel–Lindau disease (VHL), also known as Familial cerebello retinal angiomatosis, is a rare genetic disorder with multisystem involvement.
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Western blot
The western blot (sometimes called the protein immunoblot) is a widely used analytical technique used in molecular biology, immunogenetics and other molecular biology disciplines to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract.
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Wolcott–Rallison syndrome
Wolcott–Rallison syndrome, WRS, is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder with infancy-onset diabetes mellitus, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, osteopenia, mental retardation or developmental delay, and hepatic and renal dysfunction as main clinical findings.
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Yeast artificial chromosome
Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) are genetically engineered chromosomes derived from the DNA of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is then ligated into a bacterial plasmid.
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YopH, N-terminal
In molecular biology, YopH, N-terminal refers to an evolutionary conserved protein domain.
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ZNRF1
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ZNRF1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ZNRF1 gene.
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ZXDC
Zinc finger, X-linked, duplicated family member C (ZXDC) is a human CIITA-binding protein involved in the activation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II.
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2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase
2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase also known as DECR1 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the DECR1 gene which resides on chromosome 8.
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3-Methylhistidine
3-Methylhistidine (3-MH) is a post-translationally modified amino acid which is excreted in human urine.
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4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase
In molecular biology, the 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase superfamily of proteins transfer a 4'-phosphopantetheine (4'-PP) moiety from coenzyme A (CoA) to an invariant serine in an acyl carrier protein (ACP), a small protein responsible for acyl group activation in fatty acid biosynthesis.
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6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase
In enzymology, a 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS) is an enzyme that catalyzes the following chemical reaction: 7,8-Dihydroneopterin triphosphate \rightleftharpoons 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin + triphosphate This reaction is the second step (shown above) in the biosynthesis of Tetrahydrobiopterin from GTP, which is used as a cofactor in the synthesis of Aromatic amino acid Monooxygenases and Nitric oxide synthase PTPS converts 7,8-Dihydroneopterin triphosphate to 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin (PTP) through the loss of the triphosphate group, a stereospecific reduction of the double bond between the top right nitrogen and carbon in the ring on the ightht, The oxidation of the hydroxyl groups located on the first and second carbons of the side chain, and an internal base-catalyzed hydrogen tnsfer. 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS) can be found in the cytoplasm as well as the nucleus of cells according to immunohistochemical studies conducted.
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Redirects here:
Covalent modification, Covalent modulation, Mature protein, Post translation, Post translational modification, Post-translation, Post-translation modifications, Post-translational, Post-translational modifications, Post-translational processing, Posttranslational, Posttranslational modification, Posttranslational modifications, Protein cleavage, Protein modification, Protein processing, post-translational, Side chain modification, Side chain modifications, Side-chain modification, Side-chain modifications.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-translational_modification
