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Expand index (571 more) »
Abteiland
The Abteiland ("Abbey Land") is a former estate owned by Niedernburg Abbey above Passau.
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Academic Gymnasium Danzig
The Academic Gymnasium Danzig (Akademisches Gymnasium Danzig, Gdańskie Gimnazjum Akademickie), was a school founded in Danzig (formerly in Royal Prussia and now Gdańsk, Poland) It was founded in 1558 by Johann Hoppe (1512–1565), who had previously worked at schools in Culm (Chełmno) and Elbing (Elbląg) until Catholic Prince-Bishop Stanislaus Hosius closed them.
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Adolf Bertram
Adolf Cardinal Bertram (14 March 1859 – 6 July 1945) was archbishop of Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland) and a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Adolf II of Waldeck
Adolf II van Waldeck (c. 1250 – 13 December 1302) was count of Waldeck from 1270 to 1276 and prince bishop of Liège from 1301 to 1302.
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Aesch Castle
Aesch Castle or Blarer Castle (Schloss Aesch) is a castle in the Swiss municipality of Aesch in the canton of Basel-Country.
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Aidhausen
Aidhausen is a municipality in the district of Haßberge in Bavaria in Germany, it is a member of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Hofheim in Unterfranken.
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Albert II of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Albert II of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (died 14 April 1395) was Prince-Archbishop of Bremen in the years 1361–1395.
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Albert of Riga
Albert of Riga or Albert of Livonia (Alberts fon Buksthēvdens; Albert von Buxthoeven; c.1165 – 17 January 1229) was the third Bishop of Riga in Livonia.
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Albertine Sisters
The Sisters of the Third Order of St.
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Albrecht Pfister
Albrecht Pfister (c. 1420 – c. 1466) was one of the very first European printers to use movable type, following its invention by Johannes Gutenberg.
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Alessandro Poglietti
Alessandro Poglietti (early 17th century – July 1683) was a Baroque organist and composer of unknown origin.
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Alexander Sigismund von der Pfalz-Neuburg
Alexander Sigismund von der Pfalz-Neuburg (1663–1737) was the Prince-Bishop of Augsburg from 1690 to 1737.
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Alois Josef, Freiherr von Schrenk
Alois Josef, Freiherr von Schrenk und Nötzig (in Czech, Aloys Josef svobodný pán Schrenk z Notzing) (24 March 1802 – 5 March 1849) was the Roman Catholic archbishop of Prague from 1838 to 1849.
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Altes Schloss (Bad Berneck)
The Altes Schloss ("Old Castle") near Bad Berneck in south Germany is a ruined castle built in the Gothic style as an Amtsburg towards the end of the High Middle Ages.
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Altrei
Altrei (Anterivo) is a comune (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy.
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Amadeus (film)
Amadeus is a 1984 American period drama film directed by Miloš Forman, adapted by Peter Shaffer from his stage play Amadeus.
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Andrew Báthory
Andrew Báthory (Báthory András; Andrzej Batory; 1562 or 1563 – 3 November 1599) was the Cardinal-deacon of Sant'Adriano al Foro from 1584 to 1599, Prince-Bishop of Warmia from 1589 to 1599, and Prince of Transylvania in 1599. His father was a brother of Stephen Báthory, who ruled the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1575. He was the childless Stephen Báthory's favorite nephew. He went to Poland at his uncle's invitation in 1578 and studied at the Jesuit college in Pułtusk. He became canon in the Chapter of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Warmia in 1581, and provost of the Monastery of Miechów in 1583. Pope Gregory XIII appointed Báthory cardinal during his visit to Rome in 1584. A year later, he was installed as coadjutor bishop of Warmia. He was in Rome again when Stephen Báthory died in 1586. Andrew was one of the candidates to succeed him in Poland and Lithuania, but Jan Zamoyski, the Chancellor of Poland, convinced him to support another candidate, Sigismund Vasa, and to demonstrate the Báthorys' claim to the crown only through nominating his minor cousin, Sigismund Báthory, Prince of Transylvania. After Sigismund Vasa was elected king in 1587, Báthory convinced his cousin's advisors to send reinforcements to Poland to fight against Maximilian of Habsburg, who also claimed the throne. Báthory became Prince-Bishop of Warmia after the death of Bishop Marcin Kromer in 1589. In the early 1590s, Andrew and his brother, Balthasar Báthory, came into conflict with Sigismund Báthory over the presence of Jesuits in the predominantly Protestant Transylvania. Before long, Sigismund's plan to join the Holy League of Pope Clement VIII against the Ottoman Empire gave rise to new tensions, because the brothers sharply opposed the plan. Sigismund executed Balthasar and confiscated Andrew's estates in 1594. After the Ottomans defeated the army of the Holy League in a series of battles, Sigismund decided to abdicate. He transferred Transylvania to the Holy Roman Emperor, Rudolph II, in 1598, but he returned a few months later. Sigismund and Andrew were reconciled, and Sigismund renounced Transylvania in favor of Andrew in March 1599. Andrew was supported by Poland and the Ottoman Empire. Rudolph II persuaded Michael the Brave, Voivode of Wallachia, to invade Transylvania. Michael defeated Andrew's troops at the Battle of Sellenberk with the assistance of Székely commoners, to whom he had promised to restore their freedom. Andrew wanted to flee to Poland, but Székely serfs captured and killed him.
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Angelus Silesius
Angelus Silesius (9 July 1677), born Johann Scheffler and also known as Johann Angelus Silesius, was a German Catholic priest and physician, known as a mystic and religious poet.
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Anne of Bohemia, Duchess of Silesia
Anne of Bohemia (Anna Lehnická, Anna Przemyślidka; c. 1203/1204 – 26 June 1265), a member of the Přemyslid dynasty, was Duchess of Silesia and High Duchess of Poland from 1238 to 1241, by her marriage to the Piast ruler Henry II the Pious.
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Anras
Anras is a municipality in the district of Lienz in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
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Antoine Froment
Antoine Froment (1508–1581) was a Calvinist Protestant reformer in Geneva.
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Apostolic Nunciature to Cologne
The Apostolic Nunciature to Cologne (also Nunziatura di Germania inferiore, i.e. Nunciature of Lower Germany) was an ecclesiastical office of the Roman Catholic Church established in 1584.
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Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Germany
The Vicariate Apostolic of Northern Germany (Vicariatus Apostolicus Germaniae Septentrionalis) was known for most of its existence as the Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern (or Nordic) Missions (Vicariatus Apostolicus Missionum Septentrionalium), established on 28 April 1667.
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Archbishop of Vienna
The Archbishop of Vienna is the prelate of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna who is concurrently the metropolitan bishop of its ecclesiastical province which includes the dioceses of Eisenstadt, Linz and St. Pölten.
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Archbishopric of Bremen
The Archdiocese of Bremen (also Archdiocese of Hamburg-Bremen, Erzbistum Bremen, not to be confused with the modern Archdiocese of Hamburg, founded in 1994) is a historical Roman Catholic diocese (787–1566/1648) and formed from 1180 to 1648 an ecclesiastical state (continued under other names until 1823), named Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (Erzstift Bremen) within the Holy Roman Empire.
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Archbishopric of Magdeburg
The Archbishopric of Magdeburg was a Roman Catholic archdiocese (969–1552) and Prince-Archbishopric (1180–1680) of the Holy Roman Empire centered on the city of Magdeburg on the Elbe River.
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Archbishopric of Riga
The Archbishopric of Riga (Archiepiscopatus Rigensis, Erzbisdom Riga) was an archbishopric in Medieval Livonia, a subject to the Holy See.
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Archbishopric of Salzburg
The Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg (Fürsterzbistum Salzburg) was an ecclesiastical principality and state of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria
Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (5 January 1614 – 20 November 1662) was an Austrian military commander, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands from 1647 to 1656, and a patron of the arts.
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Arnold of Brescia
Arnold of Brescia (1090 – June 1155), also known as Arnaldus (Arnaldo da Brescia), was an Italian canon regular from Lombardy.
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As, Belgium
As is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Limburg.
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Auckland Castle
Auckland Castle, also known as Auckland Palace and locally as the Bishop's Castle or Bishop's Palace, is located in Bishop Auckland, its neighbouring town in County Durham, England.
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Augsburg
Augsburg (Augschburg) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany.
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August Philip of Limburg Stirum
August Philipp Karl of Limburg Stirum (1721–1797), count of Limburg Stirum and Bronckhorst, was the son of Otto Leopold Count von Limburg Styrum und Bronckhorst, Lord of Gemen and Raesfeld (1688–1754) and Anna Elisabeth countess of Schönborn (1686–1757).
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Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg
Augustus (13 July 1783 – 27 February 1853) was the reigning Grand Duke of Oldenburg from 1829 to 1853.
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Austrian Circle
The Austrian Circle (Österreichischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Érard de La Marck
Érard de la Marck (31 May 1472, in Sedan, Ardennes – 18 March 1538) was prince-bishop of Liège from 1506 till 1538.
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Bamberg
Bamberg is a town in Upper Franconia, Germany, on the river Regnitz close to its confluence with the river Main.
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Bamberg State Library
The Bamberg State Library (Staatsbibliothek Bamberg) is a combined universal, regional and research library with priority given to the humanities.
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Baron d'Holbach
Paul-Henri Thiry, Baron d'Holbach, was a French-German author, philosopher, encyclopedist and prominent figure in the French Enlightenment.
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Basel
Basel (also Basle; Basel; Bâle; Basilea) is a city in northwestern Switzerland on the river Rhine.
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Basilica of Our Lady, Maastricht
The Basilica of Our Lady (Basiliek van Onze-Lieve-Vrouw; Limburgish/Maastrichtian: Slevrouwe) is a Romanesque church in the historic center of Maastricht, Netherlands.
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Battle of Sievershausen
The Battle of Sievershausen occurred on 9 July 1553 near the village of Sievershausen (today part of Lehrte in present-day Germany), where the forces of the Hohenzollern margrave Albert Alcibiades of Brandenburg-Kulmbach fought against the united troops of Elector Maurice of Saxony and Duke Henry V of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.
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Battle on the Ice
The Battle on the Ice (Ледовое побоище, Ledovoye poboish'ye); Schlacht auf dem Eise; Jäälahing; Schlacht auf dem Peipussee) was fought between the Republic of Novgorod led by prince Alexander Nevsky and the crusader army led by the Livonian branch of the Teutonic Knights on April 5, 1242, at Lake Peipus. The battle is notable for having been fought largely on the frozen lake, and this gave the battle its name. The battle was a significant defeat sustained by the crusaders during the Northern Crusades, which were directed against pagans and Eastern Orthodox Christians rather than Muslims in the Holy Land. The Crusaders' defeat in the battle marked the end of their campaigns against the Orthodox Novgorod Republic and other Slavic territories for the next century. The event was glorified in Sergei Eisenstein's historical drama film Alexander Nevsky, released in 1938, which created a popular image of the battle often mistaken for the real events. Sergei Prokofiev turned his score for the film into a concert cantata of the same title, with "The Battle on the Ice" being its longest movement.
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Bavarian Circle
The Bavarian Circle (Bayerischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Bavarian War (1459–63)
The Bavarian War from 1459 to 1463, also known as the Princes War, was a result of the expansionist ambitions of the two warring Principalities, pitting Margrave, later Elector, Albert Achilles from the House of Hohenzollern, which by this time had already annexed the principalities of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and Brandenburg-Ansbach, against Duke Louis "the Rich" of Bavaria-Landshut from the House of Wittelsbach.
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Bay of Kotor
The Bay of Kotor (Montenegrin: Бока Которска, Boka Kotorska); Bocche di Cattaro), known simply as Boka ("the Bay"), is the name of the winding bay of the Adriatic Sea in southwestern Montenegro and the region of Montenegro concentrated around the bay. The bay has been inhabited since antiquity. Its well-preserved medieval towns of Kotor, Risan, Tivat, Perast, Prčanj and Herceg Novi, along with their natural surroundings, are major tourist attractions. Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor has been a World Heritage Site since 1979. Its numerous Orthodox and Catholic churches and monasteries make it a major pilgrimage site.
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Bílá Voda
Bílá Voda (Weißwasser/Märkirsch Weißwasser, Biała Woda, all meaning "white water") is a village and municipality (obec) in Jeseník District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic.
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Beat Albrecht von Ramstein
Beat Albrecht von Ramstein (1594–1651) was the Prince-Bishop of Basel from 1646 to 1651.
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Belgium in the long nineteenth century
The history of Belgium from 1789 to 1914, the period dubbed the "Long Nineteenth Century" by the historian Eric Hobsbawm, includes the end of Austrian rule and periods of French and Dutch occupation of the region, leading to the creation of the first independent Belgian state in 1830.
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Berchtesgaden Provostry
Berchtesgaden Provostry or the Prince-Provostry of Berchtesgaden (Fürstpropstei Berchtesgaden) was an immediate (reichsunmittelbar) principality of the Holy Roman Empire, held by a canonry, i.e. a collegiate foundation, of Canons Regular led by a Prince-Provost.
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Bergfried
A bergfried (plural: bergfrieds or bergfriede) is a tall tower that is typically found in castles of the Middle Ages in German-speaking countries and in countries under German influence.
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Bernhard Gustav of Baden-Durlach
Bernhard Gustav von Baden-Durlach OSB (24 December 1631 at Karlsburg Castle in Durlach – 26 December 1677 in Hammelburg) was a Major General in the Swedish army.
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Bernold
Saint Bernulf or Bernold of Utrecht (died 19 July 1054) was Bishop of Utrecht (1026/27–1054).
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Bertholet Flemalle
Bertholet Flemalle, Flemal, or Flamael (1614–1675) was a Liège Baroque painter.
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Biljarda
Biljarda (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Биљарда) is a (former) royal residence in Cetinje, the historic capital of Montenegro.
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Bischofszell
Bischofszell is a municipality in Weinfelden District in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
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Bishop
A bishop (English derivation from the New Testament of the Christian Bible Greek επίσκοπος, epískopos, "overseer", "guardian") is an ordained, consecrated, or appointed member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight.
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Bishop (disambiguation)
A bishop is a person of authority in a Christian church.
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Bishop Auckland
Bishop Auckland is a market town and civil parish in County Durham in north east England.
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Bishop of Chur
The Bishop of Chur (German: Bischof von Chur) is the ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur, Grisons, Switzerland (Latin: Dioecesis Curiensis).
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Bishop of Durham
The Bishop of Durham is the Anglican bishop responsible for the Diocese of Durham in the Province of York.
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Bishop of Gurk
The Bishop of Gurk is the head of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gurk, which was established in 1072 as the first suffragan bishop by Archbishop Gebhard of Salzburg in the Duchy of Carinthia.
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Bishop of Lausanne
The Bishop of Lausanne (French: Évêque de Lausanne) was a Prince-Bishop of the Holy Roman Empire (since 1011) and the Ordinary of the diocese of Lausanne, Switzerland (Latin: Dioecesis Lausannensis).
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Bishop of Speyer
The Bishop of Speyer is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Speyer, which is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Bamberg.
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Bishop of Wrocław
Bishops of Wrocław/Breslau Bishopric, Prince-Bishopric (1290–1918), and Archdiocese (since 1930; see Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław/Breslau for details).
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Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek
The Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek (Saare-Lääne piiskopkond; Bistum Ösel–Wiek; Low German: Bisdom Ösel–Wiek; contemporary Ecclesia Osiliensis) was a Roman Catholic diocese and semi-independent prince-bishopric (parto of Terra Mariana, i.e. Livonia) in the Holy Roman Empire, covering what are now Saare, Hiiu and Lääne counties of Estonia.
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Bishopric of Brandenburg
The Bishopric of Brandenburg (Episcopatus Brandenburgensis or Dioecesis Brandenburgensis) was a Roman Catholic diocese established by King Otto I of Germany in 948, in the territory of the Marca Geronis (Saxon Eastern March) east of the Elbe river.
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Bishopric of Brixen
The Prince-Bishopric of Brixen is a former ecclesiastical state of the Holy Roman Empire in the present-day Italian province of South Tyrol.
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Bishopric of Cammin
The Bishopric of Cammin (also Kammin, Kamień Pomorski) was both a former Roman Catholic diocese in the Duchy of Pomerania from 1140 to 1544, and a secular territory of the Holy Roman Empire (Prince-Bishopric) in the Kolberg (Kołobrzeg) area from 1248 to 1650.
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Bishopric of Constance
The Bishopric of Constance, or Prince-Bishopric of Constance, (Hochstift Konstanz, Fürstbistum Konstanz) was a Prince-Bishopric and Imperial Estate of the Holy Roman Empire from the mid–12th century until its secularisation in 1802–1803.
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Bishopric of Courland
The Bishopric of Courland (Episcopatus Curoniensis, Low German: Bisdom Curland) was the second smallest (4500 km2) ecclesiastical state in the Livonian Confederation founded in the aftermath of the Livonian Crusade.
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Bishopric of Dorpat
The Bishopric of Dorpat (Tartu piiskopkond; Bisdom Dorpat; Ecclesia Tarbatensis) was a medieval prince-bishopric, i;e; both a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church and a temporal principality ruled by the bishop of the diocese.
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Bishopric of Eichstätt
The Bishopric of Eichstätt, or Prince-Bishopric of Eichstätt, was a small ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Bishopric of Havelberg
The Bishopric of Havelberg (Bistum Havelberg) was a Roman Catholic diocese founded by King Otto I of Germany in 946, from 968 a suffragan to the Archbishops of Magedeburg.
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Bishopric of Hildesheim
The Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim (Hochstift Hildesheim) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire from the Middle Ages until 1803.
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Bishopric of Lübeck
The Bishopric of Lübeck was a Roman-Catholic and, later, Protestant diocese, as well as a state of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Bishopric of Lebus
The Bishopric of Lebus was a Roman Catholic diocese of Poland and later an ecclesiastical territory of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Bishopric of Merseburg
The Bishopric of Merseburg was an episcopal see on the eastern border of the medieval Duchy of Saxony with its centre in Merseburg, where Merseburg Cathedral was constructed.
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Bishopric of Metz
The Bishopric of Metz was a prince-bishopric of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Bishopric of Minden
The Bishopric of Minden was a Roman Catholic diocese (Bistum Minden) and a state, Prince-bishopric of Minden (Hochstift Minden), of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Bishopric of Pomesania
The Bishopric of Pomesania (Bistum Pomesanien; Diecezja pomezańska) was a Catholic diocese in the Prussian regions of Pomesania and Pogesania, in northern modern Poland until the 16th century, then shortly a Lutheran diocese, and became a Latin titular see.
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Bishopric of Ratzeburg
The Bishopric of Ratzeburg (Bistum Ratzeburg), centered on Ratzeburg in Northern Germany, was originally a suffragan to the Archdiocese of Hamburg, which transformed into the Archdiocese of Bremen in 1072.
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Bishopric of Regensburg
The Bishopric of Regensburg (Bistum Regensburg) was a small prince-bishopric (Hochstift) of the Holy Roman Empire, located in what is now southern Germany.
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Bishopric of Speyer
The Bishopric of Speyer, or Prince-Bishopric of Speyer (formerly known as Spires in English), was an ecclesiastical principality in what are today the German states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Baden-Württemberg.
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Bishopric of Trent
The Prince-Bishopric of Trent or Bishopric of Trent for short is a former ecclesiastical principality roughly corresponding to the present-day Northern Italian autonomous province of Trentino.
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Bishopric of Würzburg
The Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire located in Lower Franconia west of the Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg.
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Bishops of Freising and Archbishops of Munich and Freising
The following people were bishops, prince-bishops or archbishops of Freising or Munich and Freising in Bavaria.
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Blumenthal family
The von Blumenthal family are Lutheran and Roman Catholic German nobility, originally from Brandenburg-Prussia.
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Bobingen
Bobingen (Swabian: Boobenge) is a town in Bavaria, Germany.
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Bogatyńskie
Bogatyńskie (Tüngen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Orneta, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
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Bogislaw VIII, Duke of Pomerania
Bogislaw VIII (– 11 February 1418)Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.149,, a member of the House of Griffins, was Duke of Pomerania ruling in Pomerania-Stolp from 1395 until his death.
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Braniewo
Braniewo, (Braunsberg in Ostpreußen, Brunsberga, Old Prussian: Brus, Prūsa), is a town in northeastern Poland, in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, with a population of 18,068 (2004).
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Breitenstein Castle
The ruins of Breitenstein Castle (Burg Breitenstein) stand on a crag, high, on the northern side of the Speyerbach valley in the Palatine Forest in Germany.
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Bremen
The City Municipality of Bremen (Stadtgemeinde Bremen) is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany, which belongs to the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (also called just "Bremen" for short), a federal state of Germany.
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Bremen Roland
The Bremen Roland is a statue of Roland, erected in 1404.
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Bremen-Verden
Bremen-Verden, formally the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden), were two territories and immediate fiefs of the Holy Roman Empire, which emerged and gained imperial immediacy in 1180. By their original constitution they were prince-bishoprics of the Archdiocese of Bremen and Bishopric of Verden. In 1648, both prince-bishoprics were secularised, meaning that they were transformed into hereditary monarchies by constitution, and from then on both the Duchy of Bremen and the Duchy of Verden were always ruled in personal union, initially by the royal houses of Sweden, the House of Vasa and the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, and later by the House of Hanover. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Bremen-Verden's status as fiefs of imperial immediacy became void; as they had been in personal union with the neighbouring Kingdom of Hanover, they were incorporated into that state.
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Bremervörde
Bremervörde is a town in the north of the district (Landkreis) of Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
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Buonconsiglio Castle
Buonconsiglio Castle (Castello del Buonconsiglio) is a castle in Trento, northern Italy.
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Burgebrach
Burgebrach is a market town in the Upper Franconian district of Bamberg and the seat of the administrative community (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) of Burgebrach.
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Burgrave
Burgrave also rendered as Burggrave (from Burggraf, praefectus), was since the medieval period in Europe (mainly Germany) the official title for the ruler of a castle, especially a royal or episcopal castle, and its territory called a Burgraviate or Burgravate (German Burggrafschaft also Burggrafthum, Latin praefectura).
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Buxtehude
Buxtehude is a town on the Este River in Northern Germany, belonging to the district of Stade in Lower Saxony.
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Canton of Basel
Basel was a canton of Switzerland that was in existence between 1501 and 1833, when it was split into the two half-cantons of Basel-City and Basel-Country.
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Cardinal de Rohan
Louis René Édouard de Rohan known as Cardinal de Rohan (25 September 1734 – 16 February 1803), prince de Rohan-Guéméné, was a French bishop of Strasbourg, politician, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, and cadet of the Rohan family (which traced its origin to the kings of Brittany).
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Cardinal de Soubise
Cardinal François-Armand-Auguste de Rohan-Soubise, Prince of Tournon, Prince of Rohan (1 December 1717, Paris – 28 June 1756, Saverne) was a French prelate, Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg.
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Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf
Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf (2 November 1739 – 24 October 1799) was an Austrian composer, violinist and silvologist.
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Carlo Abbate
Carlo Abbate (c. 1600 – before 1640) was an Italian music theorist, composer, and Franciscan priest.
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Carlo Bellisomi
Carlo Antonio Giuseppe Bellisomi (30 July 1736 in Pavia – 9 August 1808 in Cesena, Emilia-Romagna) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and apostolic nuncio.
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Carniola
Carniola (Slovene, Kranjska; Krain; Carniola; Krajna) was a historical region that comprised parts of present-day Slovenia.
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Catholic League (German)
The Catholic League (Liga Catholica, Katholische Liga) was a coalition of Catholic states of the Holy Roman Empire formed 10 July 1609.
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Chancellor of Germany
The title Chancellor has designated different offices in the history of Germany.
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Charles of Austria, Bishop of Wroclaw
Charles of Austria (Karl von Österreich; 7 August 1590 – 28 December 1624), nicknamed the Posthumous, a member of the Imperial House of Habsburg, was Prince-Bishop of Wrocław (Breslau) from 1608, Prince-Bishop of Brixen from 1613, and Grand Master of the Teutonic Order from 1618 until his death.
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Charles-Hyacinthe Hugo
Charles-Hyacinthe Hugo (20 September 1667 in St. Mihiel, Meuse, France – 2 August 1739), also called Louis-Charles Hugo, was a Lorrain Premonstratensian author.
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Château de Modave
Front facade The Château of Modave (Château de Modave), also known as the Château des Comtes de Marchin (Château of the Counts of Marchin) is a château near the village of Modave in the province of Liège, Belgium.
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Chester-le-Street
Chester-le-Street is a town in County Durham, England.
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Christian community of Najran
The existence of a Christian community in Najran is attested by several historical sources of the Arabian peninsula, where it recorded as having been created in the 5th century CE or perhaps a century earlier.
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Christian William of Brandenburg
Christian Wilhelm of Brandenburg (28 August 1587 in Wolmirstedt – 1 January 1665 in Zinna Abbey) was a titular Margrave of Brandenburg, and from 1598 to 1631 Archbishop of Magdeburg.
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Christoph Bartholomäus Anton Migazzi
Christoph Bartholomäus Anton Migazzi; (Christoph Bartholomäus Anton Migazzi von Wall und Sonnenthurm, Cristoforo Bartolomeo Antonio Migazzi di Waal e Sonnenthurn, Migazzi Kristóf Antal) (20 October 1714, Trento – 14 April 1803, Vienna) was Prince-Archbishop of Vienna.
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Christoph Bernhard von Galen
Christoph Bernhard Freiherr von Galen (12 October 1606, Drensteinfurt – 19 September 1678) was Prince-bishop of Münster.
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Christoph Franz von Buseck
Christoph Franz von Buseck (28 December 1724 - 28 September 1805) was the Roman Catholic bishop of Bamberg and the last Prince-Bishop of Bamberg.
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Christoph Schönborn
Christoph Maria Michael Hugo Damian Peter Adalbert, Count of Schönborn, O.P. (German: Christoph Maria Michael Hugo Damian Peter Adalbert, Graf von Schönborn; born 22 January 1945), is a Bohemian-born Austrian Dominican friar and theologian, who is a cardinal of the Catholic Church.
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Christoph von der Schulenburg
Christoph von der Schulenburg (1513 at Warpke manor in Schnega – 9 September 1580 in Diesdorf) was a German nobleman.
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Clan Ostoja
Clan Ostoja (ancient Polish: Ostoya) was a powerful group of knights and lords in late-medieval Europe.
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Coat of arms of Brandenburg
This article is about the coat of arms of the German state of Brandenburg.
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Coat of arms of Montenegro
The coat of arms of Montenegro (Montenegrin: Грб Црне Горе / Grb Crne Gore) was officially adopted by the law passed in the Parliament on 12 July 2004.
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Collegium Hosianum
The Collegium Hosianum was the Jesuit collegium in Royal Prussia, (after 1945 Poland), founded in 1565, 1566 by Cardinal Stanislaus Hosius in Braunsberg (now Braniewo).
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Commission of National Education
The Commission of National Education (Komisja Edukacji Narodowej, abbreviated KEN, Edukacinė komisija, Адукацыйная камісія) was the central educational authority in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, created by the Sejm and the King Stanisław August Poniatowski on October 14, 1773.
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Condominium (international law)
In international law, a condominium (plural either condominia, as in Latin, or condominiums) is a political territory (state or border area) in or over which multiple sovereign powers formally agree to share equal dominium (in the sense of sovereignty) and exercise their rights jointly, without dividing it into "national" zones.
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Confederation of the Rhine
The Confederation of the Rhine (Rheinbund; French: officially États confédérés du Rhin, but in practice Confédération du Rhin) was a confederation of client states of the First French Empire.
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Conrad I of Salzburg
Conrad I (Konrad von Abenberg, c. 1075 – 9 April 1147) was Archbishop of Salzburg, Austria, in the first half of the 12th century.
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Conrad II (bishop of Hildesheim)
Conrad II of Reisenberg (Konrad II.; late 12th century – 18 December 1249)Madey, cols.
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Conrad of Babenberg
Conrad of Babenberg (c. 1115 – 28 September 1168) was a nobleman and prelate of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Conrad of Vechta
Conrad of Vechta (Czech Konrád z Vechty; German Konrad von Vechta) (born ca. 1370, possibly in Bremen; died 24 December 1431 in Roudnice nad Labem) was Bishop of Verden (1400–1402/1407), Bishop of Olomouc (1408–1413), Archbishop of Prague (1413–1421), and Master of the Mint (1401–1403) and Chancellor (1405–1412) of the Kingdom of Bohemia.
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Corgémont
Corgémont is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Cormoret
Cormoret is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Count
Count (Male) or Countess (Female) is a title in European countries for a noble of varying status, but historically deemed to convey an approximate rank intermediate between the highest and lowest titles of nobility.
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County palatine
In England, a county palatine or palatinate was an area ruled by a hereditary nobleman enjoying special authority and autonomy from the rest of a kingdom or empire.
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CountyWatch
CountyWatch is a direct action group in the United Kingdom that was set up in 2004 to remove what they consider to be wrongly placed county boundary signs that do not mark the historic or ancient county boundaries of England and Wales.
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Courtelary
Courtelary is a municipality of the French-speaking Bernese Jura, in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Cronheim
Cronheim is a village in the municipality of Gunzenhausen in the Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen district which forms part of the Bavarian Government district (in German: Regierungbezirk) of Mittelfranken.
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Crosses in heraldry
The cross is a basic design of two intersecting lines (X) used from pre-historic times.
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Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (Korona Królestwa Polskiego, Latin: Corona Regni Poloniae), commonly known as the Polish Crown or simply the Crown, is the common name for the historic (but unconsolidated) Late Middle Ages territorial possessions of the King of Poland, including Poland proper.
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Crown-cardinal
A crown-cardinal (cardinale della corona) was a cardinal protector of a Roman Catholic nation, nominated or funded by a Catholic monarch to serve as their representative within the College of Cardinals and, on occasion, to exercise the right claimed by some monarchs to veto a candidate for election to the papacy.
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Cuius regio, eius religio
Cuius regio, eius religio is a Latin phrase which literally means "Whose realm, his religion", meaning that the religion of the ruler was to dictate the religion of those ruled.
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Danilo I, Prince of Montenegro
Danilo Petrović Njegoš (25 May 1826 – 13 August 1860), was the Metropolitan or Prince-Bishop of Montenegro (as Danilo II) and later prince of Montenegro from 1851 to 1860 (as Danilo I).
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Danzig Research Society
The Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Danzig (translated Danzig Research Society, Societas Physicae Experimentalis, Gdańskie Towarzystwo Przyrodnicze) was founded in 1743 in the city of Danzig Royal Prussia, now Gdańsk, Poland, and continued in existence until 1936.
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Departments of France
In the administrative divisions of France, the department (département) is one of the three levels of government below the national level ("territorial collectivities"), between the administrative regions and the commune.
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Diet of Augsburg
The Diet of Augsburg were the meetings of the Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire held in the German city of Augsburg.
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Dillingen an der Donau
Dillingen, or Dillingen an der Donau (Dillingen on the Danube) is a town in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany.
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Diocesan administrator
A diocesan administrator is a provisional ordinary of a Roman Catholic particular church.
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Diocesan chancery
A diocesan chancery is the branch of administration which handles all written documents used in the official government of a Catholic or Anglican diocese.
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Diocese
The word diocese is derived from the Greek term διοίκησις meaning "administration".
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Diocese and Prince-bishopric of Schwerin
The Diocese and Prince-bishopric of Schwerin was a Catholic diocese in Schwerin, Mecklenburg, in Germany.
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Diocese of Durham
The Diocese of Durham is a Church of England diocese, based in Durham, and covering the historic County Durham (and therefore including the part of Tyne and Wear south of the River Tyne, and excluding southern Teesdale).
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Diocese of Lydda
The Diocese of Lydda is one of the oldest and most significant Bishoprics of the early Christian Church in the Holy Land, faded under Persian and Arab-Islamic rule, was revived by the Crusaders and remains a Latin Catholic titular see.
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Diocese of Maastricht
The Diocese of Maastricht (Latin Traiectum ad Mosam) was a Roman Catholic jurisdiction in parts of present Netherlands (including the see Maastricht) and Belgium, which has been nominally revived as a Latin titular bishopric.
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Dominican Sisters of Grand Rapids
The Dominican Congregation of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, better known as the Dominican Sisters of Grand Rapids, are a religious congregation of sisters of the Dominican Third Order established in 1877, with their motherhouse located in Grand Rapids, Michigan, in the United States.
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Domshof
The Domshof (Cathedral Court) is a town square in Bremen, north of the cathedral and the Marktplatz.
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Dorothea Flock
Dorothea Flock (or the Flockin) (1608 – 17 May 1630), was a German woman convicted of witchcraft in Bamberg and a victim of the Bamberg witch trials during the reign of Prince-Bishop Johann Georg Fuchs von Dornheim.
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Dreikönigsgymnasium
The Dreikönigsgymnasium ("Tricoronatum", meaning "Three Kings School") is a regular public Gymnasium located in Cologne, Germany.
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Dreuschendorf
Dreuschendorf is a small village located in Bavaria, Germany.
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Duchy of Franconia
The Duchy of Franconia (Herzogtum Franken) was one of the five stem duchies of East Francia and the medieval Kingdom of Germany emerging in the early 10th century.
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Duchy of Nysa
The Duchy of Nysa (Księstwo Nyskie, Niské knížectví) or Duchy of Neisse (Herzogtum Neisse) was one of the duchies of Silesia with its capital at Nysa in Lower Silesia.
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Duchy of Siewierz
The Duchy of Siewierz was a Silesian duchy with its capital in Siewierz.
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Duchy of Tridentum
The Duchy of Tridentum (Trent) was an autonomous Lombard duchy, established by Euin during the Lombard interregnum of 574–584 that followed the assassination of the Lombard leader Alboin.
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Duke
A duke (male) or duchess (female) can either be a monarch ruling over a duchy or a member of royalty or nobility, historically of highest rank below the monarch.
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Duke Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg
Konstantin Friedrich Peter von Holstein-Gottorp, Duke of Oldenburg(9 May 1850 - 18 March 1906) was a son of Duke Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg and his wife Princess Therese of Nassau-Weilburg Known in the court of Tsar Nicholas II as Duke Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg, he was the father of the Russian Counts and Countesses von Zarnekau.
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Duke George of Oldenburg
Duke George of Oldenburg (9 May 1784 – 27 December 1812) was a younger son of Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg and his wife Duchess Frederica of Württemberg.
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Dukes in France
The title of Duke was the highest title in the French nobility during the time of the monarchy in France.
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Durham Cathedral
The Cathedral Church of Christ, Blessed Mary the Virgin and St Cuthbert of Durham, commonly known as Durham Cathedral and home of the Shrine of St Cuthbert, is a cathedral in the city of Durham, United Kingdom, the seat of the Anglican Bishop of Durham.
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Durham Museum and Heritage Centre
Durham Museum and Heritage Centre is a museum in Durham, England.
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Dutch Republic
The Dutch Republic was a republic that existed from the formal creation of a confederacy in 1581 by several Dutch provinces (which earlier seceded from the Spanish rule) until the Batavian Revolution in 1795.
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Early history of Switzerland
The early history of Switzerland begins with the earliest settlements up to the beginning of Habsburg rule, which in 1291 gave rise to the independence movement in the central cantons of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden and the Late Medieval growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy.
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Ecclesiastical heraldry
Ecclesiastical heraldry refers to the use of heraldry within the Christian Church for dioceses and Christian clergy.
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Edward Maltby
Edward Maltby (6 April 1770 – 3 July 1859) was an English clergyman of the Church of England.
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Eichstätt
Eichstätt (formerly also Eichstädt or Aichstädt) is a town in the federal state of Bavaria, Germany, and capital of the district of Eichstätt.
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Eichstätt witch trials
The Eichstätt witch trials was a series of witch trials that took place in Eichstätt, Germany, between 1617 and 1630.
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Eitel Frederick von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
Eitel Friedrich von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (26 September 1582 – 19 September 1625) was a Roman Catholic Cardinal-Priest and Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück.
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Elective monarchy
An elective monarchy is a monarchy ruled by an elected monarch, in contrast to a hereditary monarchy in which the office is automatically passed down as a family inheritance.
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Elector of Mainz
The Elector of Mainz was one of the seven Prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Electoral Rhenish Circle
The Electoral Rhenish Circle (Kurrheinischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire, created in 1512.
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Electorate of Mainz
The Electorate of Mainz (Kurfürstentum Mainz or Kurmainz, Electoratus Moguntinus), also known in English by its French name, Mayence, was among most prestigious and the most influential states of the Holy Roman Empire from its creation to the dissolution of the HRE in the early years of the 19th century.
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Electorate of Salzburg
The Electorate of Salzburg (Kurfürstentum Salzburg or Kursalzburg), occasionally known as the Grand Duchy of Salzburg, was an electoral principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1803–05, the short-lived successor state of the Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg.
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Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg
Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg (Eleonore Magdalene Therese; 6 January 1655 – 19 January 1720) was a Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Archduchess consort of Austria, Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia as the third and last wife of Leopold I.Wheatcroft 1995, p. 201.
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Elvet Bridge
Elvet Bridge is a mediaeval masonry arch bridge across the River Wear in the city of Durham, in County Durham, England.
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Entenstein Castle
Entenstein Castle (Schloss Entenstein) is a medieval castle surrounded by a moat situated in the center of the town of Schliengen.
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Episcopal principality of Utrecht
The Bishopric of Utrecht (1024–1528) was a civil principality of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries, in present Netherlands, which was ruled by the bishops of Utrecht as princes of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Erguel Castle
Erguel Castle (Château d'Erguel) is a ruined castle in the municipality of Sonvilier in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Eric II, Duke of Pomerania
Eric II or Erich II (between 1418 and 1425 – 5 July 1474) was a member of the House of Pomerania (also known as the House of Griffins) and was the ruling Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast from 1457 to 1474.
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Eric of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
Eric of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (1478 – 14 May 1532 in Fürstenau) was from 1508 to 1532 prince-bishop of Paderborn and Osnabrück.
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Estates of the realm
The estates of the realm, or three estates, were the broad orders of social hierarchy used in Christendom (Christian Europe) from the medieval period to early modern Europe.
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Estonia
Estonia (Eesti), officially the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariik), is a sovereign state in Northern Europe.
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Eulogius Schneider
Eulogius Schneider (baptized as: Johann Georg; October 20, 1756 – April 1, 1794) was a Franciscan monk, professor in Bonn and Dominican in Strasbourg.
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Eusebio Kino
Eusebio Francisco Kino (Eusebio Francesco Chini, Eusebio Francisco Kino; 10 August 1645 – 15 March 1711) was an Italian Jesuit, missionary, geographer, explorer, cartographer and astronomer.
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Fürst
Fürst (female form Fürstin, plural Fürsten; from Old High German furisto, "the first", a translation of the Latin princeps) is a German word for a ruler and is also a princely title.
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Febronianism
Febronianism was a powerful movement within the Roman Catholic Church in Germany, in the latter part of the 18th century, directed towards the nationalizing of Catholicism, the restriction of the power of the papacy in favor of that of the episcopate, and the reunion of the dissident churches with Catholic Christendom.
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Ferdinand Geminian Wanker
Ferdinand Geminian Wanker (2 October 1758, Freiburg im Breisgau - 19 January 1824, Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German Roman Catholic moral theologian.
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Ferdinand I of Limburg Stirum
Ferdinand Gotthard Meinrad of Limburg Stirum, count of Limburg, "Fürst" von Styrum, sovereign lord zu Gemen, was born in 1701, son of Maximilian Wilhelm of Limburg Stirum.
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Ferdinand of Bavaria (bishop)
Ferdinand of Bavaria (Ferdinand von Bayern) (6 October 1577 – 13 September 1650) was Prince-elector archbishop of the Archbishopric of Cologne (Holy Roman Empire) from 1612 to 1650, as successor of Ernest of Bavaria.
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Ferdinand of Fürstenberg (1626–1683)
Ferdinand of Fürstenberg (Ferdinand Freiherr von Furstenberg), contemporaneously also known as Ferdinandus liber baro de Furstenberg, (26 October 1626 - 26 June 1683) was, as Ferdinand II, Prince Bishop of Paderborn from 1661 to 1683 and also Prince Bishop of Münster from 1678 to 1683, having been its coadjutor since 1667/68.
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Fermo
Fermo (ancient: Firmum Picenum) is a town and comune of the Marche, Italy, in the Province of Fermo.
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Forchheim
Forchheim is a town in Upper Franconia (Oberfranken) in northern Bavaria, and also the seat of the administrative district of Forchheim.
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Forchheim Castle
The castle in Forchheim (Burg in Forchheim), also referred to as a royal palace or Kaiserpfalz, was an important urban castle under the bishops of Bamberg in the town of Forchheim in the south German state of Bavaria.
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Forchheim Fortress
Forchheim Fortress (Festung Forchheim) was laid out after the occupation of the town of Forchheim during the Second Margrave War (1552) by the Bishopric of Bamberg.
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Fortunato Chelleri
Fortunato Chelleri (originally: Keller, also: Kelleri, Kellery, Cheler) (May or June 1690 in Parma – 11 December 1757 in Kassel) was a Baroque Kapellmeister and composer.
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France in the Middle Ages
The Kingdom of France in the Middle Ages (roughly, from the 9th century to the middle of the 15th century) was marked by the fragmentation of the Carolingian Empire and West Francia (843–987); the expansion of royal control by the House of Capet (987–1328), including their struggles with the virtually independent principalities (duchies and counties, such as the Norman and Angevin regions) that had developed following the Viking invasions and through the piecemeal dismantling of the Carolingian Empire and the creation and extension of administrative/state control (notably under Philip II Augustus and Louis IX) in the 13th century; and the rise of the House of Valois (1328–1589), including the protracted dynastic crisis of the Hundred Years' War with the Kingdom of England (1337–1453) compounded by the catastrophic Black Death epidemic (1348), which laid the seeds for a more centralized and expanded state in the early modern period and the creation of a sense of French identity.
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Francis I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
Francis I of Saxe-Lauenburg (1510 – 19 March 1581, Buxtehude) was the eldest child and only son of Duke Magnus I of Saxe-Lauenburg and Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1488 – 29 July 1563, Neuhaus), daughter of Duke Henry IV ''the Evil'' of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Wolfenbüttel).
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Franconian Circle
The Franconian Circle (Fränkischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle established in 1500 in the centre of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Franz Anton Bagnato
Franz (Ignaz) Anton Bagnato, (15 June 1731 – 18 June 1810), also known as Francesco Antonio Bagnato, was the son of architect Johann Caspar Bagnato.
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Franz Emmerich Kaspar von Waldbott von Bassenheim
Franz Emmerich Kaspar von Waldbott von Bassenheim (1626–1683) was the Prince-Bishop of Worms from 1679 to 1682.
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Franz Joseph Sigismund von Roggenbach
Franz Joseph Sigismund von Roggenbach (1726–1794) was the Prince-Bishop of Basel from 1782 to 1794.
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Franz von Waldeck
Count Franz von Waldeck (1491 – 15 July 1553), was Prince-Bishop of Münster, Osnabrück, and Minden in the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Franz Xaver von Neveu
Franz Xaver Freiherr von Neveu (1749–1828) was the last Prince-Bishop of Basel, reigning from 1794 to 1803.
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Frederick Hervey, 4th Earl of Bristol
Frederick Augustus Hervey, 4th Earl of Bristol PC DD FRS (1 August 1730 – 8 July 1803), was an 18th-century Anglican prelate.
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Frederick V of the Palatinate
Frederick V (Friedrich V.; 26 August 1596 – 29 November 1632) was the Elector Palatine of the Rhine in the Holy Roman Empire from 1610 to 1623, and served as King of Bohemia from 1619 to 1620.
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Frederick, Duke of Bohemia
Frederick (Bedřich) (– 25 March 1189), a member of the Přemyslid dynasty, was Duke of Bohemia from 1172 to 1173 and again from 1178 to his death.
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Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark
Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark (Frederik; 11 October 1753 – 7 December 1805) was heir presumptive to the thrones of Denmark and Norway.
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Free imperial city
In the Holy Roman Empire, the collective term free and imperial cities (Freie und Reichsstädte), briefly worded free imperial city (Freie Reichsstadt, urbs imperialis libera), was used from the fifteenth century to denote a self-ruling city that had a certain amount of autonomy and was represented in the Imperial Diet.
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Free Imperial City of Besançon
The Free Imperial City of Besançon was a self-governing city that was part of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Friedrich Gustav Piffl
Friedrich Gustav Piffl (15 October 1864 – 21 April 1932) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Archbishop of Vienna.
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Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal
Friedrich Karl Joseph Reichsfreiherr von Erthal (3 January 1719 – 25 July 1802) was prince-elector and archbishop of Mainz from 18 July 1774 to 4 July 1802, shortly before the end of the archbishopric in the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss.
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Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg
Friedrich Leopold Graf zu Stolberg-Stolberg (7 November 1750 – 5 December 1819), was a German poet, lawyer, and translator born at Bramstedt in Holstein (then a part of Denmark).
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Friedrich Ludwig Franz von Wangen zu Geroldseck
Friedrich Ludwig Franz Reichsfreiherr von Wangen zu Geroldseck (1727–1782) was the Prince-Bishop of Basel from 1775 to 1782.
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Fritzlar
Fritzlar is a small German town (pop. 15,000) in the Schwalm-Eder district in northern Hesse, north of Frankfurt, with a storied history.
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Frombork
Frombork is a town in northern Poland, on the Vistula Lagoon, in Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.
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Fulda monastery
Fulda Abbey, or the Princely Abbey of Fulda, or the Imperial Abbey of Fulda (German: Fürstabtei Fulda, Hochstift Fulda, Kloster Fulda) was a Benedictine abbey as well as an ecclesiastical principality centered on Fulda, in the present-day German state of Hesse.
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Geisa
Geisa is a town in the Wartburgkreis district, in Thuringia, Germany.
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Genovefa Weber
Genovefa Weber, née Brenner (2 January 1764 – 13 March 1798) was a German opera singer and actress.
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Georg Anton von Rodenstein
Georg Anton von Rodenstein (29 September 1579 – 30 October 1652) was the Prince-Bishop of Worms from 1629 to 1652.
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Georg Hesler
Georg Hesler (1427–1482) (called the Cardinal of Santa Lucia) was a German Roman Catholic cardinal and bishop.
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Georg Joseph
Georg Joseph (c. 1620 – c. 1668 (Universität Illinois)) was a German Baroque composer who served at the court of prince-bishop of Breslau.
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Gerard II (bishop of Cambrai)
Gerard II (c. 1020 – 11 or 12 August 1092), sometimes Gerard of Lessines, was the thirty-third bishop of Cambrai from 1076 and the last who was also bishop of Arras.
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German heraldry
German heraldry is the tradition and style of heraldic achievements in Germany and the Holy Roman Empire, including national and civic arms, noble and burgher arms, ecclesiastical heraldry, heraldic displays and heraldic descriptions.
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Grand Duchy of Baden
The Grand Duchy of Baden (Großherzogtum Baden) was a state in the southwest German Empire on the east bank of the Rhine.
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Greding
Greding is a town in the district of Roth, in Bavaria, Germany.
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Großes Bruch
The Großes Bruch is a long wetland strip in Germany, stretching from Oschersleben in Saxony-Anhalt in the east to Hornburg, Lower Saxony in the west.
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Großgmain
Großgmain is a municipality in the district of Salzburg-Umgebung in the state of Salzburg in Austria.
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Gurk, Carinthia
Gurk (Krka) is an Austrian market town and former episcopal see in the District of Sankt Veit an der Glan, Carinthia.
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Gustav of Vasaborg
Count Gustav Gustavsson of Vasaborg, 1st Count of Nystad (April 24, 1616 – October 25, 1653) was an illegitimate son of King Gustavus Adolphus (Gustav II Adolf) and his mistress Margareta Slots.
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Halberstadt
Halberstadt is a town in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt, the capital of Harz district.
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Hamburg
Hamburg (locally), Hamborg, officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg, Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg),Constitution of Hamburg), is the second-largest city of Germany as well as one of the country's 16 constituent states, with a population of roughly 1.8 million people. The city lies at the core of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region which spreads across four German federal states and is home to more than five million people. The official name reflects Hamburg's history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League, a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire, a city-state and one of the 16 states of Germany. Before the 1871 Unification of Germany, it was a fully sovereign state. Prior to the constitutional changes in 1919 it formed a civic republic headed constitutionally by a class of hereditary grand burghers or Hanseaten. The city has repeatedly been beset by disasters such as the Great Fire of Hamburg, exceptional coastal flooding and military conflicts including World War II bombing raids. Historians remark that the city has managed to recover and emerge wealthier after each catastrophe. Situated on the river Elbe, Hamburg is home to Europe's second-largest port and a broad corporate base. In media, the major regional broadcasting firm NDR, the printing and publishing firm italic and the newspapers italic and italic are based in the city. Hamburg remains an important financial center, the seat of Germany's oldest stock exchange and the world's oldest merchant bank, Berenberg Bank. Media, commercial, logistical, and industrial firms with significant locations in the city include multinationals Airbus, italic, italic, italic, and Unilever. The city is a forum for and has specialists in world economics and international law with such consular and diplomatic missions as the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the EU-LAC Foundation, and the UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. In recent years, the city has played host to multipartite international political conferences and summits such as Europe and China and the G20. Former German Chancellor italic, who governed Germany for eight years, and Angela Merkel, German chancellor since 2005, come from Hamburg. The city is a major international and domestic tourist destination. It ranked 18th in the world for livability in 2016. The Speicherstadt and Kontorhausviertel were declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO in 2015. Hamburg is a major European science, research, and education hub, with several universities and institutions. Among its most notable cultural venues are the italic and italic concert halls. It gave birth to movements like Hamburger Schule and paved the way for bands including The Beatles. Hamburg is also known for several theatres and a variety of musical shows. St. Pauli's italic is among the best-known European entertainment districts.
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Hans Buser
Hans Buser (23 September 1513 – 19 August 1544), also known as Hans von Buus, was Freiherr of the Amt of Liestal from 1536 until his death in 1544.
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Heerlijkheid
A heerlijkheid (a Dutch word; pl. heerlijkheden; also called heerschap; Latin: Dominium) was a landed estate that served as the lowest administrative and judicial unit in rural areas in the Dutch-speaking Low Countries before 1800.
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Heinrich Reffle von Richtenberg
Heinrich Reffle von Richtenberg (died 1477) was the 33rd Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, serving from 1470 to 1477.
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Henry (VII) of Germany
Henry (VII) (1211 – 12 February ? 1242), a member of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was King of Sicily from 1212 until 1217 and King of Germany (formally Rex Romanorum) from 1220 until 1235, as son and co-ruler of Emperor Frederick II.
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Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy
Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Alnwick (25 March 1273 – October 1314) was a medieval English magnate. He fought under King Edward I of England in Wales and Scotland and was granted extensive estates in Scotland, which were later retaken by the Scots under King Robert I of Scotland. He added Alnwick to the family estates in England, founding a dynasty of northern warlords. He rebelled against King Edward II over the issue of Piers Gaveston and was imprisoned for a few months. After his release, he declined to fight under Edward II at the Battle of Bannockburn, remaining at Alnwick, where he died a few months later, aged 41.
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Henry III of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Henry III of Brunswick-Lüneburg (– 6 February 1363 in Hildesheim) was the ruling Prince-Bishop of Hildesheim from 1331 until his death.
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Henry of Latvia
Henry of Latvia (Henricus de Lettis, Heinrich von Lettland, Latviešu Indriķis, Läti Henrik; before 1188, Magdeburg, Landgraviate of Thuringia – after 1259 in Papendorf, Livonia (currently Rubene, Kocēni parish, Kocēni Municipality, Latvia)), also known in the English speaking world as Henry of Livonia, was a priest, missionary and historian.
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Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg
Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg (Heinrich von Sachsen-Lauenburg; 1 November 1550 – 22 April 1585, Vörde) was a Prince-Archbishop of Bremen (as Henry III), then Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück (as Henry II), then Prince-Bishop of Paderborn (as Henry IV).
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Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor
Henry VI (Heinrich VI) (November 1165 – 28 September 1197), a member of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was King of Germany (King of the Romans) from 1190 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1191 until his death.
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Henryk z Wierzbnej
Henry of Wierzbna also known as Henry of Wierzbnej or Heinrich von Würben was a Bishop of Wrocław in Poland from 1302-1319AD.
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Hermann of Dorpat
Hermann of Dorpat (or Hermann I, or Hermann von Buxhövden) (1163–1248) was the first Prince-Bishop of the Bishopric of Dorpat (1224–1248) within the Livonian Confederation.
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Hexhamshire
Hexhamshire was a county of Northern England.
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Himmelpforten Convent
Himmelpforten Convent (Low Saxon: Klooster Hemelpoorten, Kloster Himmelpforten; Conventus Porta Coeli) was founded as a monastery of nuns following the Cistercian Rule during the 13th century in Himmelpforten, in today's Lower Saxony, Germany.
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History of Metz
Metz, the capital and the prefecture of both the Lorraine region and the Moselle department in France, has a recorded history dating back over 3,000 years.
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History of Speyer
The history of Speyer begins with the establishment of a Roman camp in 10 BCE, making it one of Germany's oldest cities.
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History of Styria
The history of Styria concerns the region roughly corresponding to the modern Austrian state of Styria and the Slovene region of Styria (''Štajerska'') from its settlement by Germans and Slavs in the Dark Ages until the present.
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History of Wrocław
Wrocław (Vratislav, Breslau) has long been the largest and culturally dominant city in Silesia, and is today the capital of Poland's Lower Silesian Voivodeship.
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Hochstift
In the Holy Roman Empire the German term Hochstift (plural: Hochstifte or, in some regions, Hochstifter) was often used to denote the territory of secular authority held by bishops ruling a prince-bishopric as their temporalities.
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Hohenwerfen Castle
Hohenwerfen Castle (Festung Hohenwerfen) is a medieval rock castle, situated on a precipice overlooking the Austrian market town of Werfen in the Salzach valley, approximately south of Salzburg.
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Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.
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House of Aufseß
The family of Aufseß, sometimes spelt Aufsees and Aufsess, is a Franconian noble family of barons.
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House of Franckenstein
Frankenstein (also Franckenstein) is the name of a Franconian, noble family in Germany, descendants from the Lords of Lützelbach from Höchst im Odenwald, respectively their offspring, the Dynasts of Breuberg.
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House of Gorizia
The Counts of Gorizia (Conti di Gorizia; Grafen von Görz; Goriški grofje), or Meinhardiner, were a comital dynasty in the Holy Roman Empire, originally officials in the Patriarchate of Aquileia, who ruled the County of Gorizia (Görz) from the early 12th century onwards.
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House of Hatzfeld
Hatzfeld, also spelled Hatzfeldt, is a German noble family.
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House of Knesebeck
Knesebeck is the name of two branches of a prominent aristocratic family in the tradition of ancient nobility in Germany.
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House of La Marck
La Marck, original German name von der Mar(c)k, was a noble family, which from about 1200 appeared as the Counts of Mark.
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House of Percy
Percy (old French Perci) was the most powerful noble family in northern England for much of the Middle Ages, having descended from William de Percy (d.1096), a Norman who crossed over to England after William the Conqueror in early December 1067, was created 1st feudal baron of Topcliffe in Yorkshire,Sanders, I.J., English Baronies, Oxford, 1960, p.148 and was rebuilding York Castle in 1070.
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Hugh of Chalon (archbishop of Besançon)
Hugo III of Chalon (c. 1260 – c. 1312) was a cleric from Free County of Burgundy.
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Hugo Eberhard Kratz von Scharfenstein
Hugo Eberhard Kratz von Scharfenstein (1591 – 8 January 1663) was the Prince-Bishop of Worms from 1654 to 1663.
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Ignacy Krasicki
Ignacy Krasicki (3 February 173514 March 1801), from 1766 Prince-Bishop of Warmia (in German, Ermland) and from 1795 Archbishop of Gniezno (thus, Primate of Poland), was Poland's leading Enlightenment poet"Ignacy Krasicki", Encyklopedia Polski (Encyclopedia of Poland), p. 325.
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Ignazio Albertini
Ignazio Albertini (Albertino) (c. 1644 – 22 September 1685) was an Italian Middle Baroque violinist and composer.
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Imperial Abbey of Corvey
The Imperial Abbey of Corvey or Princely Abbey of Corvey (Stift Corvey or Fürstabtei Corvey) was a Benedictine abbey on the River Weser, 2 km northeast of Höxter, now in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
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Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)
The Imperial Diet (Dieta Imperii/Comitium Imperiale; Reichstag) was the deliberative body of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Imperial election
The election of a Holy Roman Emperor was generally a two-stage process whereby, from at least the 13th century, the King of the Romans was elected by a small body of the greatest princes of the Empire, the Prince-electors.
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Imperial election, 1711
The imperial election of 1711 was an imperial election held to select the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Imperial Estate
An Imperial State or Imperial Estate (Status Imperii; Reichsstand, plural: Reichsstände) was a part of the Holy Roman Empire with representation and the right to vote in the Imperial Diet (Reichstag).
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Imperial immediacy
Imperial immediacy (Reichsfreiheit or Reichsunmittelbarkeit) was a privileged constitutional and political status rooted in German feudal law under which the Imperial estates of the Holy Roman Empire such as Imperial cities, prince-bishoprics and secular principalities, and individuals such as the Imperial knights, were declared free from the authority of any local lord and placed under the direct ("immediate", in the sense of "without an intermediary") authority of the Emperor, and later of the institutions of the Empire such as the Diet (Reichstag), the Imperial Chamber of Justice and the Aulic Council.
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Index of religious honorifics and titles
This is an index of religious honorifics from various religions.
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Italian name
A name in Italian consists of a given name (nome) and a surname (cognome).
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Jagiellonian University
The Jagiellonian University (Polish: Uniwersytet Jagielloński; Latin: Universitas Iagellonica Cracoviensis, also known as the University of Kraków) is a research university in Kraków, Poland.
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Jakob Sigismund von Reinach-Steinbrunn
Jakob Sigismund von Reinach-Steinbrunn (1683–1743) was the Prince-Bishop of Basel from 1737 to 1743.
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James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn
James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn PC (12 August 1575 – 23 March 1618) was a Scottish peer.
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Jan Brożek
Jan Brożek (Ioannes Broscius, Joannes Broscius or Johannes Broscius; 1 November 1585 – 21 November 1652) was a Polish polymath: a mathematician, astronomer, physician, poet, writer, musician and rector of the Kraków Academy.
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Jan Matthys
Jan Matthys (also known as Jan Matthias, Johann Mathyszoon, Jan Mattijs, Jan Matthijszoon; c. 1500, Haarlem – 5 April 1534, Münster) was a charismatic Anabaptist leader of the Münster Rebellion, regarded by his followers as a prophet.
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Javorník (Jeseník District)
Javorník or Javorník u Jeseníku or Javorník ve Slezsku, (Jauernig), is a town in the Jeseník District of the Olomouc Region, Javorník Hook, Czech Republic.
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Jánský vrch
Jánský vrch (Schloß Johannesberg) is a castle located in the Jeseník District, which lies in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic.
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Jean de Vienne (archbishop, died 1382)
Jean de Vienne (Johann; died 7 October 1382) was a Burgundian nobleman, prelate and prince of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Jens Grand
Dr.
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Jerzy Sikorski
Jerzy Sikorski (born July 25, 1935) is a Polish historian, doctorate in history (PhD), Copernicologist, medievalist, museologist, author, publisher, journalist, encyclopedist, and translator, who writes and publishes primarily in Polish.
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Jesuit Church, Mannheim
The Mannheim Jesuit Church is a church in Mannheim, Germany.
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Jesuit College of Ingolstadt
The Jesuit College of Ingolstadt (Jesuitenkolleg Ingolstadt) was a Jesuit school in Ingolstadt, in the Duchy and Electorate of Bavaria, founded in 1556, that operated until the suppression of the Jesuit Order in 1773.
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Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg
Joachim I Nestor (21 February 1484 – 11 July 1535) was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg (1499–1535), the fifth member of the House of Hohenzollern.
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Johann Adam Rieger
Johann Adam Rieger (16 July 1753, Orb – 30 July 1831, Fulda) was a bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda from 1812 to 1831.
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Johann Christoph von Westerstetten
Johann Christoph von Westerstetten (6 January 1563 - 28 July 1637) was Prince-bishop of Eichstätt, Bavaria, during the Thirty Years' War.
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Johann Ernst von Thun und Hohenstein
Johann Ernst Graf von Thun und Hohenstein (3 July 1643 – 20 April 1709) was Bishop of Seckau from 1679 to 1687 and Prince-archbishop of Salzburg from 1687 until his death.
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Johann Friedrich Endersch
Johann Friedrich Endersch (25 October 1705 – 28 March 1769) was a German cartographer and mathematician.
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Johann Gottfried von Guttenberg
Johann Gottfried Freiherr von Guttenberg (6 November 1645 – 14 December 1698) was the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg from 1684 until his death.
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Johann IX Philipp von Walderdorff
Johann Philipp von Walderdorff (24 May 1701 – 12 January 1768) was the Archbishop-Elector of Trier from 1756 until 1768, and the Prince-Bishop of Worms from 1763 until 1768.
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Johann Konrad von Reinach-Hirtzbach
Johann Konrad von Reinach-Hirtzbach (1657–1737) was the Prince-Bishop of Basel from 1705 to 1737.
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Johann Konrad von Roggenbach
Johann Konrad von Roggenbach (1618–1693) was the Prince-Bishop of Basel from 1656 to 1693.
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Johann Philipp von Lamberg
Cardinal Johann Philipp ''Graf'' von Lamberg Johann Philipp Cardinal Count von Lamberg (born May 25, 1651 in Vienna; died October 30, 1712 in Regensburg), was bishop of Passau, a Cardinal and diplomat in the service of the Habsburg emperors.
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Johann Salver
Johann Salver (ca. 1670–1738) was a German engraver from the town of Forchheim, and the father of Johann Octavian Salver.
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Johann Scheffer von Leonhardshoff
Johann Evangelist Scheffer von Leonhardshoff (30 October 1795, Vienna - 12 January 1822, Vienna) was an Austrian painter and graphic artist associated with the Nazarene movement.
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Johann von Dalberg
Johann von Dalberg (1445–1503) was the Prince-Bishop of Worms from 1482 to 1503.
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Johann von Uexküll
Johann von Uexküll (or Johann von Mentz (Menzen.
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Johannes Abezier
Johannes Abezier (1375 – 1424), most usually known as Johann Abezier, was a Roman Catholic religious and political leader of the Teutonic Knights.
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Johannes Dantiscus
Johannes Dantiscus, (Johann(es) von Höfen-Flachsbinder, Jan Dantyszek; 1 October 1485 – 27 October 1548) was prince-bishop of Warmia and Bishop of Chełmno (Culm).
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Johannes Karl von und zu Franckenstein
Johannes Karl von und zu Franckenstein (1610–1691) was the Prince-Bishop of Worms from 1683 to 1691.
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Johannes Zick
Johannes (Johann) Zick (January 10, 1702 – March 4, 1762) was a German painter of frescoes in southern Germany and active during the Baroque period.
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John Albert Vasa
John Albert Vasa (Jan Albert Waza) (25 June 1612 – 29 December 1634) was a Polish cardinal, and a Prince-Bishop of Warmia and Kraków.
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John III Potho of Pothenstein
John III Potho of Pothenstein (also spelled Pottenstein; d. 1390) was Bishop of Bishopric of Münster from 1379 to 1382.
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John IV of Saxe-Lauenburg (prince-bishop)
John IV of Saxe-Lauenburg (Johannes von Sachsen-Lauenburg) (c. 1483–1547) was a Prince-Bishop of Hildesheim.
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Josceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland
Josceline (or Joceline) Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland, 5th Baron Percy (4 July 1644–Turin, 31 May 1670), of Alnwick Castle, Northumberland and Petworth House, Sussex, was an English peer.
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Josef Wilhelm Rinck von Baldenstein
Georg Josef Wilhelm Aloys Rinck von Baldenstein (1704–1762) was the Prince-Bishop of Basel from 1744 to 1762.
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Joseph Franz Auersperg
Josef Franz Anton Graf von Auersperg (31 January 1734, Vienna - 21 August 1795, Passau) was an Austrian bishop, prince bishop of Passau and cardinal.
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Joseph Weyland (bishop)
Joseph Weyland (13 March 1826, Hadamar - 11 January 1894, Fulda) was a bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda from 1887 to 1894.
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Karl II von Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn
Karl II von Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn (1623–1695) was a Catholic priest and prince-bishop.
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Karl Rudolf Graf von Buol-Schauenstein
Karl Rudolf Graf von Buol-Schauenstein (30 June 1760 – 23 October 1833) was Bishop of Chur (1794–1824), then of Chur-St.
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Khuen von Belasi
Khuen von Belasi (originally Khuen, Khuon, Khun is the name of an Austrian noble family of the county of Tyrol. The family starts late 13th century with Egon or Egino de Tramino ("dem Kühnen", meaning "the keen"). On 13 June 1542, Blasius Khuen became "Regimentsrat" of lower Austria and also geheimer Rat to the Emperor of Austria. From 1560 to 1568, he became upper Austrian chamberlain. In 1573, Rudolf Khuen was titled Belasy von Gandeck, also Liechtenberg and Aur, Freiherr zu Neu-Lembach. Rudolf Khuen bought the county Gandegg in 1557.
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King of the Romans
King of the Romans (Rex Romanorum; König der Römer) was a title used by Syagrius, then by the German king following his election by the princes from the time of Emperor Henry II (1014–1024) onward.
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Kleinstaaterei
Kleinstaaterei ("small-state-ery") is a German word used, often pejoratively, to denote the territorial fragmentation in Germany and neighboring regions during the Holy Roman Empire (especially after the end of the Thirty Years' War) and during the German Confederation in the first half of the 19th century.
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Kleist family
Kleist is a Pomeranian Prussian noble family.
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Košice
Košice is the largest city in eastern Slovakia and in 2013 was the European Capital of Culture (together with Marseille, France).
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Krimml
Krimml is a municipality in Zell am See District, in the federal state of Salzburg, Austria, in the Pinzgau region.
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La Ferrière, Switzerland
La Ferrière is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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La Wantzenau
La Wantzenau is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
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Lambert I (bishop of Langres)
Venerable Lambert I (died 1031) was the count–bishop of Langres from 1016 until his death.
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Landesburg
A Landesburg or landesherrliche Burg ("sovereign castle", "state castle" or "stately castle") was a castle that a territorial lord, such as a prince-bishop, duke or prince built for the defence or expansion of his sovereign estates.
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Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria
The Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria was a nominal Patriarchate of the Latin church on the see of Alexandria in Egypt, GCatholic.org.
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Leonhard von Keutschach
Leonhard von Keutschach (c. 1442 – 8 June 1519) was Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg from 1495 until his death, the last to rule in the feudal style.
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Leopold Leonard, Count of Thun
Leopold Leonhard Raymund Count of Thun and Hohenstein(* 17 April 1748 in the town of Tetschen in the castle of Tetschen, † 22 October 1826 at Cibulka castle near Körbern, now Prague-Košíře) was the 73rd Bishop of Passau and the last Prince-Bishop of Passau.
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Liège
Liège (Lidje; Luik,; Lüttich) is a major Walloon city and municipality and the capital of the Belgian province of Liège. The city is situated in the valley of the Meuse, in the east of Belgium, not far from borders with the Netherlands (Maastricht is about to the north) and with Germany (Aachen is about north-east). At Liège, the Meuse meets the River Ourthe. The city is part of the sillon industriel, the former industrial backbone of Wallonia. It still is the principal economic and cultural centre of the region. The Liège municipality (i.e. the city proper) includes the former communes of Angleur, Bressoux, Chênée, Glain, Grivegnée, Jupille-sur-Meuse, Rocourt, and Wandre. In November 2012, Liège had 198,280 inhabitants. The metropolitan area, including the outer commuter zone, covers an area of 1,879 km2 (725 sq mi) and had a total population of 749,110 on 1 January 2008. Population of all municipalities in Belgium on 1 January 2008. Retrieved on 2008-10-19. Definitions of metropolitan areas in Belgium. The metropolitan area of Liège is divided into three levels. First, the central agglomeration (agglomeratie) with 480,513 inhabitants (2008-01-01). Adding the closest surroundings (banlieue) gives a total of 641,591. And, including the outer commuter zone (forensenwoonzone) the population is 810,983. Retrieved on 2008-10-19. This includes a total of 52 municipalities, among others, Herstal and Seraing. Liège ranks as the third most populous urban area in Belgium, after Brussels and Antwerp, and the fourth municipality after Antwerp, Ghent and Charleroi.
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Lidzbark Warmiński
Lidzbark Warmiński (Heilsberg) is a town in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland.
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Lihula
Lihula is a town in Lääneranna Parish, Pärnu County, Estonia.
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Lilienthal, Lower Saxony
The municipality of Lilienthal belongs to the administrative district of Osterholz, Lower Saxony and borders Bremen (Free Hanseatic City of Bremen).
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List of administrators, archbishops, bishops, and prince-archbishops of Bremen
This list records the bishops of the Roman Catholic diocese of Bremen (Bistum Bremen), supposedly a suffragan of the Archbishopric of Cologne, then of the bishops of Bremen, who were in personal union archbishops of Hamburg (simply titled Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen), later simply titled archbishops of Bremen, since 1180 simultaneously officiating as rulers of princely rank (prince-archbishop) in the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (Erzstift Bremen; est. 1180 and secularised in 1648), a state of imperial immediacy within the Holy Roman Empire.
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List of Bishops of Hildesheim
This list records the incumbents of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Hildesheim (Bistum Hildesheim).
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List of bishops of Lund
List of (arch)bishops of Lund.
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List of bishops of Metz
This is a list of bishops of Metz; the Roman Catholic diocese of Metz now lies in eastern France.
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List of bishops of Warmia
This is a list of Bishops and Prince-Bishops of the Diocese of Warmia (Diecezja warmińska, Dioecesis Varmiensis, Bistum Ermland), which was elevated to the Archdiocese of Warmia in 1992.
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List of Bishops, Prince-Bishops and Administrators of Lübeck
The following persons were Bishops of the Diocese of Oldenburg or Lübeck (until 1180), Prince-Bishops of the diocese of Lübeck and the Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck (1180–1535), Lutheran Administrators of the Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck without pastoral function, and pastoral chairmen of the Evangelical Lutheran State Church in the Region of Lübeck.
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List of bishops, prince-bishops and archbishops of Strasbourg
These persons were bishop, archbishop or prince-bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Strasbourg (including historically Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg).
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List of bishops, prince-bishops, and administrators of Minden
This list records the bishops of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Minden (Bistum Minden), a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cologne, who were simultaneously rulers of princely rank (prince-bishop) in the Prince-Bishopric of Minden (Hochstift Minden; est. 1180 and secularised in 1648), a state of imperial immediacy within the Holy Roman Empire.
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List of bishops, prince-bishops, and administrators of Verden
This list records the bishops of the Roman Catholic diocese of Verden (Bistum Verden), a suffragan of the Archbishopric of Mentz, who were simultaneously rulers of princely rank (prince-bishop) in the Prince-Bishopric of Verden (Hochstift Verden; est. 1180 and secularised in 1648), a state of imperial immediacy within the Holy Roman Empire.
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List of Catholic dioceses (structured view)
As for May 31, 2018, the Catholic Church in its entirety comprises 3,160 ecclesiastical jurisdictions, including over 645 archdioceses and 2,236 dioceses, as well as apostolic vicariates, apostolic exarchates, apostolic administrations, apostolic prefectures, military ordinariates, personal ordinariates, personal prelatures, territorial prelatures, territorial abbacies and missions ''sui juris'' around the world.
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List of Catholic dioceses in Estonia
The Catholic Church in Estonia (a Baltic former Soviet republic, like Latvia and Lithuania) presently comprises only a pre-diocesan Latin rite jurisdiction, covering (only) the entire country.
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List of Catholic dioceses in Spain, Andorra, Ceuta and Gibraltar
The diocesan system of the Catholic church government in Spain consists mainly of a nearly entirely Latin hierarchy of 70 territorial (arch)dioceses.
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List of Freemasons (E–Z)
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List of Imperial abbeys
An Imperial abbey (Reichsabtei, Reichskloster, Reichsstift, Reichsgotthaus) was a religious establishment within the Holy Roman Empire which enjoyed the status of imperial immediacy (Reichsunmittelbarkeit) and therefore was answerable directly to the Emperor.
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List of kings of Burgundy
The following is a list of the kings of the two Kingdoms of Burgundy, and a number of related political entities devolving from Carolingian machinations over family relations.
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List of nicknames of European royalty and nobility: J
No description.
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List of states in the Holy Roman Empire
This list of states which were part of the Holy Roman Empire includes any territory ruled by an authority that had been granted imperial immediacy, as well as many other feudal entities such as lordship, sous-fiefs and allodial fiefs.
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List of szlachta
The szlachta (szlachta) was a privileged social class in the Kingdom of Poland.
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Livonia
Livonia (Līvõmō, Liivimaa, German and Scandinavian languages: Livland, Latvian and Livonija, Inflanty, archaic English Livland, Liwlandia; Liflyandiya) is a historical region on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea.
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Livonian Brothers of the Sword
The Livonian Brothers of the Sword (Fratres militiæ Christi Livoniae, Schwertbrüderorden, Ordre des Chevaliers Porte-Glaive) was a Catholic military order established by Albert, the third bishop of Riga (or possibly by Theoderich von Treyden), in 1202.
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Livonian Chronicle of Henry
The Livonian Chronicle of Henry (Heinrici Cronicon Lyvoniae) or Henry's chronicle of Livonia is a document in Latin describing historic events in Livonia (roughly corresponding to today's inland Estonia and north of Latvia) and surrounding areas from 1180 to 1227.
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Livonian War
The Livonian War (1558–1583) was fought for control of Old Livonia (in the territory of present-day Estonia and Latvia), when the Tsardom of Russia faced a varying coalition of Denmark–Norway, the Kingdom of Sweden, and the Union (later Commonwealth) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland.
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Lohr am Main
Lohr am Main (officially: Lohr a.Main) is a town in the Main-Spessart district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany and the seat (but not a member) of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft (municipal association) of Lohr am Main.
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Lord Bishop
"Lord Bishop" is a traditional form of address used for bishops since the Middle Ages, an era when bishops occupied the feudal rank of 'lord' by virtue of their office.
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Lorenz von Bibra
Lorenz von Bibra, Duke in Franconia (1459, Mellrichstadt – 6 February 1519, Würzburg) was Prince-Bishop of the Bishopric of Würzburg from 1495 to 1519.
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Loveresse
Loveresse is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle
The Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle (Niederrheinisch-Westfälischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Lower Saxon Circle
The Lower Saxon Circle (Niedersächsischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Loy Hering
Loy Hering (b. 1484-85 in Kaufbeuren, d. 1 June 1564 in Eichstätt) was a German Renaissance sculptor.
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Ludwig Anton von Pfalz-Neuburg
Ludwig Anton von Pfalz-Neuburg (also sometimes called Ludwig Anton von Rhein zu Neuburg) (1660–1694) was the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights from 1685 to 1694, and the Prince-Bishop of Worms from 1691 to 1694.
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Lyndal Roper
Lyndal Roper, (born 28 May 1956) is an Australian historian and academic.
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Magdalene of Bavaria
Magdalene of Bavaria (4 July 1587 – 25 September 1628) was a princess member of the House of Wittelsbach by birth and Countess Palatine of Neuburg and Duchess of Jülich-Berg by marriage.
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Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
Magnus I of Saxe-Lauenburg (Ratzeburg, 1 January 1470 – 1 August 1543, Ratzeburg) was a Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg from the House of Ascania.
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Magnus II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
Magnus II of Saxe-Lauenburg (1543 – 14 May 1603, Ratzeburg) was the eldest surviving son of Duke Francis I of Saxe-Lauenburg and Sybille of Saxe-Freiberg (Freiberg, *2 May 1515 – 18 July 1592*, Buxtehude), daughter of Duke Henry IV ''the Pious''.
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Mainz Cathedral
Mainz Cathedral or St.
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March of Verona
The March of Verona and Aquileia was a vast march (frontier district) of the Holy Roman Empire in northeastern Italy during the Middle Ages, centered on the cities of Verona and Aquileia.
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Marcin Kromer
Marcin Kromer (Latin: Martinus Cromerus; 11 November 1512 – 23 March 1589) was Prince-Bishop of Warmia (Ermland), a Polish cartographer, diplomat and historian in the Kingdom of Poland and later in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Maria Wörth
Maria Wörth (Otok) is a municipality in the district of Klagenfurt-Land in the Austrian state of Carinthia.
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Maribor
Maribor (German: Marburg an der Drau) is the second-largest city in Slovenia and the largest city of the traditional region of Lower Styria.
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Marie Dentière
Marie Dentière (c. 1495–1561) was a Walloon Protestant reformer and theologian, who moved to Geneva in Switzerland.
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Marie Thérèse Haze
Blessed Jeanne Haze (27 February 1782 – 7 January 1876) - in religious Marie-Thérèse of the Sacred Heart of Jesus - was a Belgian Roman Catholic professed religious and the foundress of the Daughters of the Cross.
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Marienberg Fortress
Marienberg Fortress (German: Festung Marienberg) is a prominent landmark on the left bank of the Main river in Würzburg, in the Franconia region of Bavaria, Germany.
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Markus Sittich von Hohenems
Mark Sittich von Hohenems (24 June 1574 – 9 October 1619) was Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg from 1612 until his death.
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Marquard Rudolf von Rodt
Marquard Rudolf Reichsritter von Rodt zu Bußmannshausen, or Roth (9 April 1644, Konstanz, Holy Roman Empire – 10 July or 6 October 1704, Hegne) was, from 1689 to 1704, the prince-bishop of the Bishopric of Constance.
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Masurians
The Masurians or Mazurs (Mazurzy, Masuren, Masurian: Mazurÿ) are a small 5,000-15,000 strong Lechitic sub-ethnic group traditionally present in what is now the present-day Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland.
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Matrei in Osttirol
Matrei in Osttirol is a market town in the Lienz District in the Austrian state of Tyrol (East Tyrol).
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Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg
Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg (1469 – 30 March 1540) was a statesman of the Holy Roman Empire, a Cardinal and Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg from 1519 to his death.
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Matthias Faber
Matthias Faber, S.J., (24 February 1586 – 26 April 1653) was a German Jesuit priest, who gained fame as a religious writer and preacher.
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Mauritius Ferber
Mauritius Ferber (Maurycy Ferber) (1471 – 1 July 1537) in Lidzbark (Heilsberg), in Poland was a member of the patrician Ferber family of Danzig (Gdańsk) in Poland.
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Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor
Maximilian II (31 July 1527 – 12 October 1576), a member of the Austrian House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor from 1564 until his death.
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Maximilian Joseph von Tarnóczy
Maximilian Joseph von Tarnóczy (Hungarian: Tarnózy Miksa) (24 October 1806 – 4 April 1876) was an Austrian Cardinal and Archbishop.
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Maximilian Reichsgraf von Hamilton
Furstbischof Maximilian, Reichsgraf von Hamilton (March 17, 1714 – October 31, 1776) was a Prince-Bishop of Olomouc, then in the Holy Roman Empire, now in presentday Czech Republic.
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Maximilian von Welsch
Johann Maximilian von Welsch (1671 – 15 October 1745) was a German architect, construction director and fortress master builder.
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Münster Cathedral
Münster Cathedral or St.-Paulus-Dom is the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Münster in Germany, and is dedicated to St Paul.
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Münster Diocesan Feud
The Münster Diocesan Feud (Münsterische Stiftsfehde), or simply Münster Feud, was a dispute that took place between 1450 and 1457 over the appointment to the bishop's throne in Münster, and hence the rule of the diocese.
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Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia
Meinhard II (c. 1238 – 1 November 1295), a member of the House of Gorizia (Meinhardiner), ruled the County of Gorizia (as Meinhard IV) and the County of Tyrol together with his younger brother Albert from 1258, until in 1271 they divided their heritage and Meinhard became sole ruler of Tyrol.
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Meinisberg
Meinisberg is a municipality in the Biel/Bienne administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Melchior von Meckau
Melchior von Meckau (1440–1509) (called the Cardinal of Brixen) was a German Roman Catholic cardinal and bishop.
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Melchior Zobel von Giebelstadt
Melchior Zobel von Giebelstadt (1502–1558) was the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg from 1544 to 1558.
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Mikołaj Szyszkowski
Nicolaus or Mikołaj Szyszkowski (1590–1643) of Ostoja coat of arms was a Prince-bishop of Warmia from 1633 until his death in 1643.
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Monarch
A monarch is a sovereign head of state in a monarchy.
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Monarchy
A monarchy is a form of government in which a group, generally a family representing a dynasty (aristocracy), embodies the country's national identity and its head, the monarch, exercises the role of sovereignty.
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Monk Hesleden
Monk Hesleden is a village in County Durham, England.
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Mont-Tramelan
Mont-Tramelan is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Montenegrin literature
Montenegrin literature is the literature written in the South Slavic country of Montenegro, mainly in Serbian language.
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Moutier
Moutier is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Mozarabs
The Mozarabs (mozárabes; moçárabes; mossàrabs; مستعرب trans. musta'rab, "Arabized") is a modern historical term that refers to the Iberian Christians who lived under Moorish rule in Al-Andalus.
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Mussolente
Mussolente is a town in the province of Vicenza, Veneto, Italy.
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Nathanael Matthaeus von Wolf
Nathanael Matthaeus von Wolf, Nathanael Matthäus von Wolf, Nataniel Mateusz Wolf (28 January 1724 in Konitz – 15 December 1784 in Danzig) was a German botanist, physician, and astronomer.
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Neues Schloss (Meersburg)
The Neues Schloss Meersburg (New Castle in Meersburg) is located in Meersburg near Lake Constance in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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Neuleiningen
Neuleiningen is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Dürkheim district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
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Nidau
Nidau is a municipality in the Biel/Bienne administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Nidau Castle
Nidau Castle is a castle in the municipality of Nidau of the Canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Nordkirchen Castle
Schloss Nordkirchen is a palace situated in the town of Nordkirchen in the Coesfeld administrative district in the state of North Rhine Westphalia, Germany.
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Notker of Liège
Notker (or Notger) of Liège (Notgerus; 940 – 10 April 1008 AD) was a Benedictine monk, bishop (972–1008) and first prince-bishop (980–1008) of the Bishopric of Liège (now in Belgium).
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Nové Vilémovice
Nové Vilémovice (in German Neu-Wilmsdorf) is a small village located in the Rychlebské Hory (Reichensteiner Gebirge in German) in the north-eastern part of Moravia in the Czech Republic, a territory historically known as Sudetenland.
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Olsztyn Castle
Castle of Warmian Bishops in Olsztyn is a castle built in the fourteenth-century in the Gothic architectural style.
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Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See
The orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See include titles, chivalric orders, distinctions and medals honoured by the Holy See, with the Pope as the fount of honour, for deeds and merits of their recipients to the benefit of the Holy See, the Catholic Church, or their respective communities, societies, nations and the world at large.
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Ostheim
Ostheim vor der Rhön is a town in Northern Bavaria in the district of Rhön-Grabfeld in Franconia.
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Otto Leopold of Limburg Stirum
Otto Leopold of Limburg Stirum, count of Limburg Styrum and Bronckhorst, sovereign lord zu Gemen and Raesfeld, was born in 1688 the son of Hermann Otto II of Limburg Stirum.
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Otto Truchsess von Waldburg
Otto Truchsess von Waldburg (26 February 1514 – 2 April 1573) was Prince-Bishop of Augsburg from 1543 until his death and a Cardinal of the Catholic Church.
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Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–1718)
The Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War was fought between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire between 1714 and 1718.
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Palais Rohan, Strasbourg
The Palais Rohan (Rohan Palace) in Strasbourg is the former residence of the prince-bishops and cardinals of the House of Rohan, an ancient French noble family originally from Brittany.
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Passau
Passau (') is a town in Lower Bavaria, Germany, also known as the Dreiflüssestadt ("City of Three Rivers") because the Danube is joined there by the Inn from the south and the Ilz from the north.
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Patria del Friuli
The Patria del Friuli (Patria Fori Iulii, Patrie dal Friûl) was the territory under the temporal rule of the Patriarch of Aquileia and one of the ecclesiastical states of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Paul von Rennenkampf
Paul Georg Edler von Rennenkampf(f) (Russified into Павел-Георг Карлович (фон) Ренненкампф, Pavel-Georg Karlovich (von) Rennenkampf; – 1 April 1918) was an Baltic German nobleman and military leader of Baltic German extraction, General of the Cavalry (1910), General-Adjutant (1912), who served in the Imperial Russian Army.
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Péry
Péry is part of the municipality of Péry-La Heutte in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Péry-La Heutte
Péry-La Heutte is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Peace of Augsburg
The Peace of Augsburg, also called the Augsburg Settlement, was a treaty between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (the predecessor of Ferdinand I) and the Schmalkaldic League, signed in September 1555 at the imperial city of Augsburg.
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Peace of Prague (1635)
The Peace of Prague was a peace treaty signed on 30 May 1635 by the Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand II and Elector John George I of Saxony representing most of the Protestant Estates of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Personal union
A personal union is the combination of two or more states that have the same monarch while their boundaries, laws, and interests remain distinct.
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Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg
Peter I or Peter Frederick Louis of Holstein-Gottorp (Peter Friedrich Ludwig von Holstein-Gottorp) (17 January 1755 – 21 May 1829) was the Regent of the Duchy of Oldenburg for his incapacitated cousin William I from 1785 to 1823, and then served himself as Duke from 1823-1829.
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Petit-Val
Petit-Val is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Petrović-Njegoš dynasty
Petrović-Njegoš (Montenegrin and Serbian Cyrillic: Петровић-Његош, Petrović-Njegoši / Петровић-Његоши) is the name of the family that ruled Montenegro from 1696 to 1916.
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Philip I of Rosenberg
Philip I of Rosenberg (– 4 February 1513 in Udenheim, today's Philippsburg) was Prince-Bishop of Speyer from 1504 until his death.
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Philip II of Flersheim
Philip of Flersheim (1481 in Kaiserslautern – 14 August 1552 in Zabern (now called Saverne) in the Alsace) was a German nobleman.
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Philip of Swabia
Philip of Swabia (February/March 1177 – 21 June 1208) was a prince of the House of Hohenstaufen and King of Germany from 1198 to 1208.
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Philip of the Palatinate
Philip of the Palatinate (Philipp von der Pfalz; 5 July 1480 in Heidelberg – 5 January 1541 in Freising) was Prince-Bishop of Freising (1498–1541) and Naumburg (1517–1541).
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Philippe of Alençon
Philippe II of Alençon (1339–16 November 1397) was a French cardinal who was a member of the Valois Dynasty.
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Plagne, Switzerland
Plagne is a former municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Poilvache Castle
Poilvache Castle (Château de Poilvache) is a ruined medieval castle in the municipality of Yvoir in the province of Namur, Belgium, overlooking the village of Houx from a clifftop on the Meuse River.
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Pontenet
Pontenet is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Porta Claudia
The Porta Claudia is a former fortification at the Scharnitz Pass, where the valley of the River Isar narrows near the village of Scharnitz (Tyrol, Austria), on the Bavarian border near Mittenwald.
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Prince
A prince is a male ruler or member of a monarch's or former monarch's family ranked below a king and above a duke.
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Prince of the Church
The term Prince of the Church is today used nearly exclusively for Catholic cardinals.
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Prince-abbot
A Prince-Abbot (Fürstabt) is a title for a cleric who is a Prince of the Church (like a Prince-Bishop), in the sense of an ex officio temporal lord of a feudal entity, notably a State of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg
The Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg was one of the prince-bishoprics of the Holy Roman Empire, and belonged to the Swabian Circle.
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Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg
The Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg (Hochstift Bamberg) was an ecclesiastical State of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Prince-Bishopric of Basel
The Prince-Bishopric of Basel (Fürstbistum Basel) was an ecclesiastical principality within the Holy Roman Empire, ruled from 1032 by Prince-Bishops with their seat at Basel, and from 1528 until 1792 at Porrentruy, and thereafter at Schliengen.
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Prince-Bishopric of Chur
The Prince-Bishopric of Chur was a prince-bishopric of the Holy Roman Empire, and had Imperial immediacy.
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Prince-Bishopric of Liège
The Prince-Bishopric of Liège was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries, situated for the most part in present Belgium, which was ruled by the Bishop of Liège.
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Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro
Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro was an ecclesiastical principality that existed from 1516 until 1852.
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Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück
The Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück (Hochstift Osnabrück) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire from 1225 until 1803.
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Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
The Prince-Bishopric of Warmia (Biskupie Księstwo Warmińskie, Fürstbistum Ermland) was a semi-independent ecclesiastical state, ruled by the incumbent ordinary of the Ermland/Warmia see and comprising one third of the then diocesan area.
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Prince-Provost
Prince-Provost (Fürstpropst) is a rare title for a monastic superior with the ecclesiastical style of provost who is a Prince of the Church in the sense that he also ranks as a secular 'prince' (lato sensu: ruler), notably a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire (Reichsfürst), holding a direct vote in the Imperial Diet assembly coequal to an actual Prince-abbot, as in each case treated below.
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Princes of the Holy Roman Empire
Prince of the Holy Roman Empire (Reichsfürst, princeps imperii, see also: Fürst) was a title attributed to a hereditary ruler, nobleman or prelate recognised as such by the Holy Roman Emperor.
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Principality
A principality (or princedom) can either be a monarchical feudatory or a sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a monarch with the title of prince or by a monarch with another title within the generic use of the term prince.
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Principality of Bayreuth
The Principality of Bayreuth (Fürstentum Bayreuth) or Margraviate of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (Markgraftum Brandenburg-Bayreuth) was an immediate territory of the Holy Roman Empire, ruled by a Franconian branch of the Hohenzollern dynasty.
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Principality of Halberstadt
The Principality of Halberstadt (Fürstentum Halberstadt) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire ruled by Brandenburg-Prussia.
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Principality of Montenegro
The Principality of Montenegro (Књажевина Црнa Горa/Knjaževina Crna Gora) was a former realm in Southeastern Europe that existed from 13 March 1852 to 28 August 1910.
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Properties and finances of the Church of England
The question of the properties and finances of the Church of England has been publicly raised in recent years because of the declining number of regular parishioners in the United Kingdom who cannot continue to finance the large amount of real estate controlled by the church.
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Protestant Church of Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine
The Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine (Église protestante de la Confession d’Augsbourg d’Alsace et de Lorraine, EPCAAL; Protestantische Kirche Augsburgischen Bekenntnisses von Elsass und Lothringen, Kirche A.B. von Elsass und Lothringen) is a Lutheran church of public-law corporation status (établissement public du culte) in France.
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Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)
The Province of Pomerania (Provinz Pommern) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1815 until 1945.
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Radstadt
Radstadt is a historic town in the district of St. Johann im Pongau in the Austrian state of Salzburg.
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Rampjaar
In Dutch history, the year 1672 was known as the rampjaar, the "disaster year." That year, following the outbreak of the Franco-Dutch War and the Third Anglo-Dutch War, the Dutch Republic was simultaneously attacked by England, France, and the prince-bishops Bernhard von Galen, bishop of Münster, and Maximilian Henry of Bavaria, archbishop of Cologne.
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Raron affair
The Raron affair (German: Raronhandel) was a 15th-century rebellion in the Valais (the prince-bishopric of Sion) against the power of a local noble family, the Raron family.
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Ratzeburg
Ratzeburg is a town in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
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Reallocation of votes in the Imperial Diet (1803)
The Imperial Diet was the primary legislative body in the Holy Roman Empire after 1648.
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Rebévelier
Rebévilier is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Reconvilier
Reconvilier is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Reinhold von Buxhoeveden
Reinhold von Buxhoeveden (died 1557) was bishop of the Bishopric of Saare-Lääne or Ösel–Wiek (Saare-Lääne piiskopkond; Bistum Ösel–Wiek; Low German: Bisdom Ösel–Wiek; contemporary Ecclesia Osiliensis), a semi-independent Roman Catholic prince-bishopric in what is now Saare, Hiiu and Lääne counties of Estonia, from 1532 to 1541.
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Renan, Switzerland
Renan is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Republic of Liège
The Republic of Liège (République liégeoise) was a short-lived state centred on the town of Liège in modern-day Belgium.
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Reservatum ecclesiasticum
The reservatum ecclesiasticum (ecclesiastical reservation) was a measure inserted into the Peace of Augsburg of 1555 to balance the principal proviso of cuius regio, eius religio in ecclesiastical lands.
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Rhenish Franconia
Rhenish Franconia (Rheinfranken) or Western Franconia (Westfranken) denotes the western half of the central German stem duchy of Franconia in the 10th and 11th century, with its residence at the city of Worms.
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Roches, Switzerland
Roches is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Rohan Castle
Rohan Castle (French: Château des Rohan, German: Rohan-Schloss), also known as Château Neuf (New Castle), is an eighteenth-century neoclassical palace in the city of Saverne in Alsace, France.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin
The Archdiocese of Berlin is a Roman Catholic archdiocese, seated in Berlin and covering the northeast of Germany.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Besançon
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Besançon (Latin: Archidioecesis Bisuntina; French: Archidiocèse de Besançon) is a Latin Rite Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in France.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cambrai
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cambrai (Archdiocesis Cameracensis; French: Archidiocèse de Cambrai) is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France, comprising the arrondissements of Avesnes-sur-Helpe, Cambrai, Douai, and Valenciennes within the département of Nord, in the region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fermo
The Archdiocese of Fermo (Archidioecesis Firmana) is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical jurisdiction in northern Italy, with its seat in the city of Fermo, Marche.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Montpellier
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Montpellier (–Lodève–Béziers–Agde–Saint-Pons-de-Thomières) (Latin: Archidioecesis Montis Pessulani (–Lotevensis–Biterrensis–Agathensis–Sancti Pontii Thomeriarum); French: Archidiocèse de Montpellier (–Lodève–Béziers–Agde–Saint-Pons-de-Thomières)) is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in south-western France.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising
The Archdiocese of Munich and Freising (Erzbistum München und Freising, Archidioecesis Monacensis et Frisingensis) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Bavaria, Germany.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg (Archidioecesis Salisburgensis) is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in Austria.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Strasbourg
The Catholic Archdiocese of Strasbourg (Archidioecesis Argentoratensis o Argentinensis; Archidiocèse de Strasbourg; Erzbistum Straßburg) is a non-metropolitan archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church in France, first mentioned in 343.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Trento
The Italian Catholic Archdiocese of Trento (Archidioecesis Tridentina, German Trient), in the Triveneto, is a Latin Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese named after its see in Alpine Italy, Trento (Tr(i)ent), in Trentino-Alto Adige region.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienne
The Archbishopric of Vienne, named after its episcopal see Vienne in the Isère département of southern France, was a metropolitan Roman Catholic archdiocese.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Warmia
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Warmia (Archidiecezja warmińska, Erzdiözese Ermland) is a Metropolitan archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in Warmińsko-Mazurskie, Poland.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław
The Archdiocese of Wrocław (Archidiecezja wrocławska; Erzbistum Breslau; Arcidiecéze vratislavská; Archidioecesis Vratislaviensis) is a Latin Rite archdiocese of the Catholic Church named after its capital Wrocław in Poland.
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Roman Catholic Bishop of Augsburg
The Bishop of Augsburg is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Augsburg in the Ecclesiastical province of München und Freising.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Brescia
The Roman Diocese Catholic of Brescia (Dioecesis Brixiensis) is a Latin rite suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Milan, in Lombardy (Northwestern Italy).
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiemsee
The Bishopric of Chiemsee was a Roman Catholic diocese.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Dresden-Meissen
The Diocese of Dresden-Meissen (Dioecesis Dresdensis-Misnensis; Bistum Dresden-Meißen) is a Diocese of Catholic Church in Germany with its seat in Dresden.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Gurk
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Gurk-Klagenfurt (Diözese Gurk-Klagenfurt, Krška škofija) is a Catholic diocese covering the Austrian state of Carinthia.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Halberstadt
The Bishopric of Halberstadt was a Roman Catholic diocese (Bistum Halberstadt; 804–1648) Catholic-Hierarchy.org.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Langres
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Langres (Latin: Dioecesis Lingonensis; French: Diocèse de Langres) is a Roman Catholic diocese comprising the département of Haute-Marne in France.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg
The Diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg (Dioecesis Lausannensis, Genevensis et Friburgensis) is a Latin Roman Catholic diocese in Switzerland, which is (as all sees in the Alpine country) exempt (i.e. immediately subject to the Holy See, not part of any ecclesiastical province).
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Lavant
The Diocese of Lavant(tal) (Lavantina) was a suffragan bishopric of the Archdiocese of Salzburg, established 1228 in the Lavant Valley of Carinthia.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Magdeburg
The Diocese of Magdeburg is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic church, located in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz (Latin: Dioecesis Metensis; French: Diocèse de Metz) is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Osnabrück
The Diocese of Osnabrück is a diocese of the Catholic church in Germany; Catholic-Hierarchy.org.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Sigüenza-Guadalajara
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Sigüenza-Guadalajara (Seguntin(us) – Guadalaiaren(sis)) is a diocese located in the cities of Sigüenza and Guadalajara, Spain in the Ecclesiastical province of Toledo in Spain.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Sion
The Diocese of Sion (Dioecesis Sedunensis, Évêché de Sion, Bistum Sitten) is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in the canton of Valais, Switzerland.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Toul
The Diocese of Toul was a Roman Catholic diocese seated at Toul in present-day France.
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Romont, Bern
Romont is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Royal Prussia
Royal Prussia (Prusy Królewskie; Königlich-Preußen or Preußen Königlichen Anteils, Królewsczé Prësë) or Polish PrussiaAnton Friedrich Büsching, Patrick Murdoch.
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Rudolph I, Bishop of Schwerin
Rudolph I (died 1262) was the Roman Catholic bishop of the Diocese of Schwerin and prince of the Prince-Bishopric of Schwerin from 1249 until his death.
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Rupertiwinkel
The Rupertiwinkel is a small historic region on the southeastern border of Bavaria, Germany.
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Saalfelden
Saalfelden am Steinernen Meer is a town in the district of Zell am See in the Austrian state of Salzburg.
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Sacerdotal state
A sacerdotal state is a state whose head is also an ecclesiastical leader designated by a religious body.
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Sadberge
Sadberge is a village in County Durham, England, situated between Darlington and Stockton-on-Tees.
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Saeed bin Suroor
Saeed bin Suroor (born November 16, 1968 in Dubai), is a horse racing trainer.
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Saicourt
Saicourt is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Saint-Imier
Saint-Imier is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Salzburg
Salzburg, literally "salt fortress", is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of Salzburg state.
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Salzburg (state)
Salzburg (literally "Salt Fortress") is a state (Land) of Austria.
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Salzburg Protestants
The Salzburg Protestants (Salzburger Exulanten) were Protestant refugees who had lived in the Catholic Archbishopric of Salzburg until the 18th century.
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Salzburger emigrants
The Salzburger Emigrants were a group of German-speaking Protestant refugees from the Catholic Archbishopric of Salzburg (now in present-day Austria) that immigrated to the Georgia Colony in 1734 to escape religious persecution.
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Sarsina
Sarsina (Sêrsna) is an Italian town situated in the province of Forlì-Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy.
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Sauge
Sauge is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Saules, Switzerland
Saules is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Savoy
Savoy (Savouè,; Savoie; Savoia) is a cultural region in Western Europe.
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Scharnitz Pass
The Scharnitz Pass (Scharnitzpass or Scharnitzer Klause) is a narrow section of the upper Isar valley in the Northern Limestone Alps.
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Schönborn family
The Schönborn family is a noble and mediatised former sovereign princely family from the former Holy Roman Empire.
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Schelten
Schelten (La Scheulte in French) is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Schloss Seehof
Schloss Seehof is a Schloss (palace) in Memmelsdorf, Bamberg, Germany.
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Schlossberg Castle (Seefeld in Tirol)
Schlossberg Castle (Burg Schlossberg) is a ruined toll castle in the municipality of Seefeld in Tirol in the district of Innsbruck Land in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
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Schwadernau
Schwadernau is a municipality in the Biel/Bienne administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Schweinfurt
Schweinfurt (in German literally 'swine ford') is a city in the Lower Franconia region of Bavaria in Germany on the right bank of the navigable Main River, which is spanned by several bridges here, 27 km northeast of Würzburg.
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Schwerin
Schwerin (or; Mecklenburgian: Swerin; Polish: Swarzyn or Zwierzyn; Latin: Suerina) is the capital and second-largest city of the northeastern German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
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Second Battle of Ulrichen
The Second Battle of Ulrichen was a battle fought in 1419 between the Old Swiss Confederacy lead by Bern and rebels from Valais near Ulrichen (now part of Obergoms) in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
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Secularization
Secularization (or secularisation) is the transformation of a society from close identification and affiliation with religious values and institutions toward nonreligious values and secular institutions.
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Seehof, Switzerland
Seehof (Elay in French) is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Austria
Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Further Austria (27 November 1630 – 25 June 1665) was the ruler of Further Austria including Tyrol from 1662 to 1665.
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Sigismund of Brandenburg
Sigismund of Brandenburg (1538–1566) was Prince-Archbishop of Magdeburg and Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt.
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Simon Nikolaus Euseb von Montjoye-Hirsingen
Simon Nikolaus Euseb Reichsgraf von Montjoye-Hirsingen (1693–1775) was the Prince-Bishop of Basel from 1762 to 1775.
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Sion, Switzerland
Sion (Sitten; Seduno; Sedunum) is a Swiss town, a municipality, and the capital of the canton of Valais and of the district of Sion.
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Sisters of Mercy of St. Borromeo
The Sisters of Mercy of St.
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Sixtus of Tannberg
Sixtus of Tannberg (died: 14 July 1495 in Frankenthal) was from 1470 to 1474 Bishop of Gurk and from 1474 to 1495 Prince-Bishop of Freising.
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Sommeri
Sommeri is a municipality in the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
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Sonceboz-Sombeval
Sonceboz-Sombeval is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Sonvilier
Sonvilier is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Sophia Charlotte of Hanover
Sophia Charlotte of Hanover (30 October 1668 – 1 February 1705) was the first Queen consort in Prussia as wife of King Frederick I. She was the only daughter of Elector Ernest Augustus of Brunswick-Lüneburg and his wife Sophia of the Palatinate.
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Sophie of Pomerania, Duchess of Pomerania
Sophia of Pomerania-Stolp (1435 – 24 August 1497), was a Duchess of Pomerania by birth, and married to Eric II, Duke of Pomerania.
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Sornetan
Sornetan is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Sorvilier
Sorvilier is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Souboz
Souboz is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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South Tyrolean Unterland
The South Tyrolean Unterland (Südtiroler Unterland) or Bozen Unterland (Bozner Unterland; Bassa Atesina) is a section of the Etschtal valley stretching from the regional capital Bolzano (Bozen) down the Adige (Etsch) river to Tramin and Salorno (Salurn).
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Spätlese
Spätlese (literal meaning: "late harvest"; plural form is Spätlesen) is a German wine term for a wine from fully ripe grapes, the lightest of the late harvest wines.
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Speyer Cathedral
The Speyer Cathedral, officially the Imperial Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption and St Stephen, in Latin: Domus sanctae Mariae Spirae (German: Dom zu Unserer lieben Frau in Speyer) in Speyer, Germany, is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Speyer and is suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bamberg.
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St Johann im Pongau
St.
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St. Anne's Column
St.
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St. Michael's Church, Passau
St.
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St. Paul's Abbey, Utrecht
St.
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St. Pierre Cathedral
The St.
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Stade
Stade is a city in Lower Saxony in northern Germany.
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Stanislaus Hosius
Stanislaus Hosius (Stanisław Hozjusz; 5 May 1504 – 5 August 1579) was a Polish Roman Catholic cardinal.
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Stauffenberg
The Schenk von Stauffenberg family is a noble (Uradel) Roman Catholic family from Swabia in Germany.
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Stefano Bernardi
Stefano (or Steffano) Bernardi (ca. 1577 – 15 February 1637), also known as "il Moretto", was an Italian priest, composer and music theorist.
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Stift
The term Stift (sticht) is derived from the verb stiften (to donate) and originally meant a donation.
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Straßburg, Austria
Straßburg is a town in the district of Sankt Veit an der Glan in Carinthia, Austria.
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Swabian Circle
The Circle of Swabia or Swabian Circle (Schwäbischer Reichskreis, also Schwäbischer Kreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1500 on the territory of the former German stem-duchy of Swabia.
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Swabian League
The Swabian League (Schwäbischer Bund) was a mutual defence and peace keeping association of Imperial Estates – free Imperial cities, prelates, principalities and knights – principally in the territory of the early medieval stem duchy of Swabia, established in 1488 at the behest of Emperor Frederick III of Habsburg and supported as well by Bertold von Henneberg-Römhild, archbishop of Mainz, whose conciliar rather than monarchic view of the Reich often put him at odds with Frederick's successor Maximilian.
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Swiss nobility
Switzerland is a confederation of states of which each one has its own history.
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Tavannes
Tavannes is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Telgte
Telgte is a town in the Warendorf district, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
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Telgte Pilgrimage
The pilgrimage from Osnabrück to Telgte takes place since 1852 on the second Sunday after the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul; it is known as Telgte pilgrimage ("Telgter Wallfahrt") or Osnabrück pilgrimage ("Osnabrücker Wallfahrt (nach Telgte)").
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Territories of the Holy Roman Empire outside the Imperial Circles
When the Imperial Circles (Circuli imperii Reichskreise) — comprising a regional grouping of territories of the Holy Roman Empire — were created as part of the Imperial Reform at the 1500 Diet of Augsburg, many Imperial territories remained unencircled.
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Theocracy
Theocracy is a form of government in which a deity is the source from which all authority derives.
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Thirteen Years' War (1454–66)
The Thirteen Years' War (Dreizehnjähriger Krieg; wojna trzynastoletnia), also called the War of the Cities, was a conflict fought in 1454–66 between the Prussian Confederation, allied with the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, and the State of the Teutonic Order.
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Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was a war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648.
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Thomas II, bishop of Wrocław
Thomas II Zaremba, also known as Tomas, was a medieval bishop of Wrocław, Poland from 1270 till 1292.
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Thomas Johann Kaspar von Thun und Hohenstein
Passau Dom Grabdenkmal Thomas Johann von Thun und HohensteinThomas Johann Nepomuk Kaspar Count of Thun and Hohenstein (* 16 May 1737 in Trento, 7 October 1796 in Passau) was the 72nd bishop of Passau.
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Thomas Quellinus
Thomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor.
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Three Bishoprics
The Three Bishoprics (les Trois-Évêchés) constituted a province of pre-revolutionary France consisting of the dioceses of Metz, Verdun, and Toul within the Lorraine region.
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Thuin
Thuin or) (Walloon: Twin) is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Hainaut. The Thuin municipality includes the old communes of Leers-et-Fosteau, Biesme-sous-Thuin, Ragnies, Biercée, Gozée, Donstiennes, and Thuillies.
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Tiedemann Giese
Tiedemann Giese (1 June 1480 – 23 October 1550), was Bishop of Kulm (Chełmno) first canon, later Prince-Bishop of Warmia (Ermland).
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Title
A title is a prefix or suffix added to someone's name in certain contexts.
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Tourbillon Castle
Tourbillon Castle (French: Château de Tourbillon) is a castle in Sion in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
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Tramelan
Tramelan is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Trentino
Trentino, officially the Autonomous Province of Trento, is an autonomous province of Italy, in the country's far north.
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Turin
Turin (Torino; Turin) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy.
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Tyrol (state)
Tyrol (Tirol; Tirolo) is a federal state (Bundesland) in western Austria.
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Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino Euroregion
The Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino Euroregion (Europaregion Tirol-Südtirol-Trentino; Euregio Tirolo-Alto Adige-Trentino) is a Euroregion formed by three different regional authorities in Austria and Italy: the Austrian state of Tyrol (i.e. North and East Tyrol) and the Italian autonomous provinces of South Tyrol and Trentino.
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Ulrik of Denmark (1578–1624)
Prince Ulrik John of Denmark, (Koldinghus Palace, Kolding, 30 December 1578 – 27 March 1624, Rühn) was a son of King Frederick II of Denmark and his consort, Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow.
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Ulrik of Denmark (1611–1633)
Prince Ulrik of Denmark (2 February 1611 – 12 August 1633) was a son of King Christian IV of Denmark and his consort Queen Anne Catherine of Brandenburg.
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University College, Durham
University College, informally known as Castle, is a college of the University of Durham in England.
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University of Liège
The University of Liège (ULiège), in Liège, Wallonia, Belgium, is a major public university in the French Community of Belgium.
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Upper Rhenish Circle
The Upper Rhenish Circle (Oberrheinischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1500 on the territory of the former Duchy of Upper Lorraine and large parts of Rhenish Franconia including the Swabian Alsace region and the Burgundian duchy of Savoy.
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Upper Saxon Circle
The Upper Saxon Circle (Obersächsischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire, created in 1512.
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Utrecht
Utrecht is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, capital and most populous city of the province of Utrecht.
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Valère Basilica
The Valère basilica (Basilique de Valère), also called Valère castle (Château de Valère), is a fortified church situated in Sion in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.
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Valbirse
Valbirse is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Valdemar III, Duke of Schleswig
Valdemar III Abelsøn (died 1257) was Duke of Schleswig from 1253 until his death in 1257.
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Valentin Wiery
Valentin Wiery (12 February 1813 – 29 December 1880) was an Austrian Catholic Bishop.
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Vauffelin
Vauffelin is a former municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Vercelli
Vercelli (Vërsèj in Piedmontese), is a city and comune of 46.552 inhabitants (1-1-2017) in the Province of Vercelli, Piedmont, northern Italy.
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Verden (state)
The historic territory of Verden emerged from the Monarchs of the Frankish Diocese of Verden in the area of present-day central and northeastern Lower Saxony and existed as such until 1648.
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Villeret, Switzerland
Villeret is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.
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Vorarlberg
Vorarlberg is the westernmost federal state (Bundesland) of Austria.
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War of succession
A war of succession or succession war is a war prompted by a succession crisis in which two or more individuals claim the right of successor to a deceased or deposed monarch.
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War of the Priests (Poland)
The War of the Priests (1467-1479, Pfaffenkrieg, wojna popia, wojna księża) was a conflict in the Polish province of Warmia between the King of Poland Casimir IV and Nicolaus von Tüngen, the new bishop of Warmia chosen – without the king's approval – by the Warmian chapter.
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Waremme
Waremme (Borgworm) is a Walloon municipality located in the province of Liège, in Belgium.
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Warmia
Warmia (Warmia, Latin: Varmia,, Old Prussian: Wārmi, Varmė) is a historical region in northern Poland.
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Westerwald
The Westerwald (literally 'Western Forest') is a low mountain range on the right bank of the river Rhine in the German federal states of Rhineland-Palatinate, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia.
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Westphalia
Westphalia (Westfalen) is a region in northwestern Germany and one of the three historic parts of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
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Wettringen (Münsterland)
Wettringen is a village and a municipality in the district of Steinfurt, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
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Wichmann von Seeburg
Wichmann von Seeburg (– 25 August 1192) was Bishop of Naumburg from 1150 until 1154 and Archbishop of Magdeburg from 1154 until his death.
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Wiguleus Fröschl of Marzoll
Wiguleus Fröschl of Marzoll (4 April 1445, in Marzoll (today part of Bad Reichenhall) – 6 November 1517, in Passau) was a German nobleman.
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Wilderich of Walderdorf
Philipp Franz Wilderich Nepomuk (2 March 1739 – 21 April 1810) was count of Walderdorf and the last prince-bishop of Speyer.
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Wilhelm von Brandenburg
Wilhelm von Brandenburg (30 June 1498 – 4 February 1563) was the Archbishop of Riga from 1539 to 1561.
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Wilhelm von Grumbach
Wilhelm von Grumbach (1 June 1503 – 18 April 1567) was a German adventurer, chiefly known through his connection with the so-called “Grumbach Feud” (Grumbachsche Händel), the last attempt of the Imperial Knights to prevail against the power of the territorial Princes of the Holy Roman Empire.
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William Louis, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken
William Louis of Nassau-Saarbrücken (18 December 1590, Ottweiler – 22 August 1640, Metz), was a Count of Saarbrücken.
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William of Modena
William of Modena (– 31 March 1251), also known as William of Sabina, Guglielmo de Chartreaux, Guglielmo de Savoy, Guillelmus, was an Italian clergyman and papal diplomat.
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William VIII of Jülich, Count of Ravensberg
William VIII of Jülich, Count of Ravensberg (– 22 November 1428) was the youngest son of William VII of Jülich, 1st Duke of Berg and Anna of the Palatinate.
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Wirich VI, Count of Daun-Falkenstein
Wirich VI, Count of Daun-Falkenstein (– 11 October 1598) was a German nobleman, diplomat, statesman, and politician.
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Wittstock
Wittstock/Dosse is a town in the Ostprignitz-Ruppin district, in north-western Brandenburg, Germany.
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Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau
Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau (26 March 1559 – 16 January 1617) was Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg from 1587 to 1612.
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Zeta under the Crnojevići
The Crnojević noble family ruled the Zeta from 1431 until 1498.
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1559
Year 1559 (MDLIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
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1617
No description.
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1836
No description.
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1836 in the United Kingdom
Events from the year 1836 in the United Kingdom.
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381
Year 381 (CCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
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940
Year 940 (CMXL) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
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Redirects here:
Bishopric (political), Fuerstbischof, Fuersterzbischof, Furstbischof, Fursterzbischof, Fürstbischof, Fürsterzbischof, Ksiazebiskup, Prince Bishop, Prince Bishopric, Prince Bishops, Prince bishop, Prince-Archbishop, Prince-Bishop, Prince-Bishopric, Prince-archbishop, Prince-bishopric, Prince-bishoprics, Vladika i upravitelj.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince-bishop