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Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2

Index Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) (The HUGO official symbol is PTGS2; HGNC ID, HGNC:9605), also known as cyclooxygenase-2 or COX-2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTGS2 gene. [1]

106 relations: Activity-dependent plasticity, Amyrin, Analgesic, Angiogenesis, Animal heme-dependent peroxidases, Anti-inflammatory, AP-1 transcription factor, Arachidonic acid, Aspirin-induced asthma, AU-rich element, Azerizin, Breast development, Bromfenac, Cachexia, Capnellene, Carprofen, Caveolin 1, Celecoxib, Ceramide kinase, Chemotaxis, Chromosome 1, Colorectal cancer, COX-2 inhibitor, COX-3, Cumulus oophorus, CUTL1, Cyclooxygenase, Cyclopentenone prostaglandins, Daedalea quercina, Daniel L. Simmons, Deracoxib, Diclofenac, Dihydroxy-E,Z,E-PUFA, Discovery and development of cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors, EGF-like domain, Eicosanoid, Epi-lipoxin, Epigenetics of diabetes Type 2, Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid, Ethyl caffeate, Etodolac, Etoricoxib, Exisulind, Heme B, Honokiol, Hormonal breast enhancement, Humulone, Iguratimod, IL17A, Indometacin, ..., Interleukin 1 beta, Interleukin-1 receptor family, International nonproprietary name, Intestinal mucosal barrier, John L. Wallace, John Vane, Leptomycin, Lipoxin, List of medical abbreviations: C, List of MeSH codes (D08), Long-term impact of alcohol on the brain, Marathon, Maresin, Mechanism of action of aspirin, Meconium aspiration syndrome, Meloxicam, Merck & Co., Migration inducting gene 7, Mir-26 microRNA precursor family, Mitogen, MMP9, N-Arachidonylglycine, Nabumetone, Naproxen, Ned D. Heindel, Nepafenac, Niflumic acid, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Oleanolic acid, Omega-6 fatty acid, Oncolytic adenovirus, Ovarian cancer, Oxicam, Palmitoylethanolamide, Philip Needleman, Pleurisy, Polmacoxib, Proliferative vitreoretinopathy, Prostaglandin, Protectin D1, PTGS1, Quercinol, Reinke's edema, RELA, Specialized pro-resolving mediators, Tarenflurbil, Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, Tribulus terrestris, Tubuloglomerular feedback, Withanolide, 12-Hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid, 13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, 15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, 5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, 9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid. Expand index (56 more) »

Activity-dependent plasticity

Activity-dependent plasticity is a form of functional and structural neuroplasticity that arises from the use of cognitive functions and personal experience; hence, it is the biological basis for learning and the formation of new memories.

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Amyrin

The amyrins are three closely related natural chemical compounds of the triterpene class.

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Analgesic

An analgesic or painkiller is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia, relief from pain.

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Angiogenesis

Angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels.

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Animal heme-dependent peroxidases

Animal heme-dependent peroxidases is a family of peroxidases.

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Anti-inflammatory

Anti-inflammatory, or antiinflammatory, refers to the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation or swelling.

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AP-1 transcription factor

Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, growth factors, stress, and bacterial and viral infections.

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Arachidonic acid

Arachidonic acid (AA, sometimes ARA) is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid 20:4(ω-6).

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Aspirin-induced asthma

Aspirin-induced asthma, also termed Samter's triad, Samter's syndrome, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), and recently, by an appointed task force of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology/World Allergy Organization (EAACI/WAO), Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD).

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AU-rich element

Adenylate-uridylate-rich elements (AU-rich elements; AREs) are found in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of many messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that code for proto-oncogenes, nuclear transcription factors, and cytokines.

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Azerizin

Azerizin is claimed to be a proprietary blend of the natural ingredients nicotinamide, azelaic acid, quercetin and curcumin that purportedly combine the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, along with inhibiting effects on sebum production.

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Breast development

Breast development, also known as mammogenesis, is a complex biological process in primates that takes place throughout a female's life.

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Bromfenac

Bromfenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) marketed in the US as an ophthalmic solution (current brand names Prolensa and Bromday,Drugs.com: for bromfenac sodium. prior formulation brand name Xibrom, which has since been discontinued) by ISTA Pharmaceuticals for short-term, local use.

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Cachexia

Cachexia, or wasting syndrome, is loss of weight, muscle atrophy, fatigue, weakness and significant loss of appetite in someone who is not actively trying to lose weight.

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Capnellene

Capnellene is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon derived from Capnella imbricata, a species of soft coral found in Indonesia.

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Carprofen

Carprofen, marketed under many brand names worldwide,Drugs.com Page accessed October 4, 2017 is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that veterinarians prescribe as a supportive treatment for various conditions in animals.

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Caveolin 1

Caveolin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAV1 gene.

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Celecoxib

Celecoxib, sold under the brand name Celebrex among others, is a COX-2 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

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Ceramide kinase

In enzymology, a ceramide kinase, also abbreviated as CERK, is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and ceramide, whereas its two products are ADP and ceramide-1-phosphate.

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Chemotaxis

Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus.

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Chromosome 1

Chromosome 1 is the designation for the largest human chromosome.

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Colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer and colon cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine).

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COX-2 inhibitor

Selective COX-2 inhibitors are a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that directly targets cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2, an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain.

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COX-3

COX-3 is an enzyme that is encoded by the PTGS1 (COX1) gene, but is not functional in humans.

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Cumulus oophorus

The cumulus oophorus (Latin cumulus.

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CUTL1

Cux1 (CUTL1, CDP, CDP/Cux) is a homeodomain protein that in humans is encoded by the CUX1 gene.

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Cyclooxygenase

Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme (specifically, a family of isozymes) that is responsible for formation of prostanoids, including thromboxane and prostaglandins such as prostacyclin, from arachidonic acid.

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Cyclopentenone prostaglandins

Cyclopentenone prostaglandins are a subset of prostaglandins (PGs) or prostenoids (see eicosanoid#classic eicosanoids and eicosanoid#nonclassic eicosanoids) that has 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15-d-Δ12,14-PGJ2), Δ12-PGJ2, and PGJ2 as its most prominent members but also including PGA2, PGA1, and, while not classified as such, other PGs.

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Daedalea quercina

Daedalea quercina is a species of mushroom in the order Polyporales, and the type species of the genus Daedalea.

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Daniel L. Simmons

Daniel L. Simmons is a professor of chemistry and former director of the Cancer Research Center at Brigham Young University (BYU).

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Deracoxib

Deracoxib (trade name Deramaxx) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the coxib class, used in dogs to treat pain associated with osteoarthritis, or to prevent pain following orthopedic or dental surgery.

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Diclofenac

Diclofenac (sold under a number of trade names) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) taken or applied to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions.

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Dihydroxy-E,Z,E-PUFA

Dihydroxy-E,Z,E-PUFA are metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that possess two hydroxyl residues and three in series conjugated double bonds having the E,Z,E cis-trans configuration.

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Discovery and development of cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors

Cyclooxygenases are enzymes that take part in a complex biosynthetic cascade that results in the conversion of polyunsaturated fatty acids to prostaglandins and thromboxane(s).

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EGF-like domain

The EGF-like domain is an evolutionary conserved protein domain, which derives its name from the epidermal growth factor where it was first described.

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Eicosanoid

Eicosanoids are signaling molecules made by the enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid or other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that are, similar to arachidonic acid, 20 carbon units in length.

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Epi-lipoxin

Epi-lipoxins are trihydroxy (i.e. containing 3 hydroxyl residues) metabolites of arachidonic acid.

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Epigenetics of diabetes Type 2

In recent years it has become apparent that the environment and underlying mechanisms affect gene expression and the genome outside of the central dogma of biology.

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Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid

The epoxyeicosatrienoic acids or EETs are signaling molecules formed within various types of cells by the metabolism of arachidonic acid by a specific subset of Cytochrome P450 enzymes termed cytochrome P450 epoxygenases.

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Ethyl caffeate

Ethyl caffeate is an ester of an hydroxycinnamic acid, a naturally occurring organic compound.

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Etodolac

Etodolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in January 1991.

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Etoricoxib

Etoricoxib (Arcoxia) is a selective COX-2 inhibitor from Merck & Co. Currently it is approved in more than 80 countries worldwide but not in the US, where the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has required additional safety and efficacy data for etoricoxib before it will issue approval.

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Exisulind

Exisulind (tentative trade name Aptosyn) is an antineoplastic agent.

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Heme B

Heme B or haem B (also known as protoheme IX) is the most abundant heme.

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Honokiol

Honokiol is a lignan isolated from the bark, seed cones, and leaves of trees belonging to the genus Magnolia.

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Hormonal breast enhancement

Hormonal breast enhancement or augmentation is a highly experimental potential medical treatment for the breasts in which hormones or hormonal agents such as estrogen, progesterone, growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are utilized or manipulated to produce breast enlargement in women.

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Humulone

Humulone (α-lupulic acid), a vinylogous type of organic acid, is a bitter-tasting chemical compound found in the resin of mature hops (Humulus lupulus).

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Iguratimod

Iguratimod is an anti-inflammatory small molecule drug used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, together with methotrexate in Japan and China.

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IL17A

Interleukin-17A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL17A gene.

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Indometacin

Indometacin (INN; or USAN indomethacin) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used as a prescription medication to reduce fever, pain, stiffness, and swelling from inflammation.

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Interleukin 1 beta

Interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) also known as leukocytic pyrogen, leukocytic endogenous mediator, mononuclear cell factor, lymphocyte activating factor and other names, is a cytokine protein that in humans is encoded by the IL1B gene.

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Interleukin-1 receptor family

Members of the very wide interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) family are characterized by extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains and intracellular Toll/Interleukin-1R (TIR) domain.

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International nonproprietary name

The International Nonproprietary Name (INN) is an official generic and non-proprietary name given to a pharmaceutical drug or an active ingredient.

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Intestinal mucosal barrier

The intestinal mucosal barrier, also referred to as intestinal barrier, refers to the property of the intestinal mucosa that ensures adequate containment of undesirable luminal contents within the intestine while preserving the ability to absorb nutrients.

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John L. Wallace

John L. Wallace (born September 25, 1956) is a medical scientist and was the founder of the Inflammation Research Network at The University of Calgary and inaugural director of the Farncombe Institute at McMaster University.

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John Vane

Sir John Robert Vane FRS (29 March 1927 – 19 November 2004) was an English pharmacologist who was instrumental in the understanding of how aspirin produces pain-relief and anti-inflammatory effects and his work led to new treatments for heart and blood vessel disease and introduction of ACE inhibitors.

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Leptomycin

Leptomycins are secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces spp.

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Lipoxin

Lipoxins (LXs or Lxs), an acronym for lipoxygenase interaction products, are bioactive autacoid metabolites of arachidonic acid made by various cell types.

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List of medical abbreviations: C

Category:Lists of medical abbreviations.

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List of MeSH codes (D08)

This is the fourth part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.

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Long-term impact of alcohol on the brain

While researchers have found that moderate alcohol consumption in older adults is associated with better cognition and well-being than abstinence, excessive alcohol consumption is associated with widespread and significant brain lesions.

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Marathon

The marathon is a long-distance race, completed by running, walking, or a run/walk strategy.

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Maresin

Maresin 1 (MaR1 or 7R,14S-dihydroxy-4Z,8E,10E,12Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid) is a macrophage-derived mediator of inflammation resolution coined from macrophage mediator in resolving inflammation.

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Mechanism of action of aspirin

Aspirin causes several different effects in the body, mainly the reduction of inflammation, analgesia (relief of pain), the prevention of clotting, and the reduction of fever.

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Meconium aspiration syndrome

Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) also known as neonatal aspiration of meconium is a medical condition affecting newborn infants.

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Meloxicam

Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and anti-pyretic effects.

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Merck & Co.

Merck & Company, Inc., d.b.a. Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD) outside the United States and Canada, is an American pharmaceutical company and one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world.

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Migration inducting gene 7

Migration inducting gene 7 (Mig-7 or Mig7) is a gene.

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Mir-26 microRNA precursor family

The miR-26 microRNA is a small non-coding RNA that is involved in regulating gene expression.

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Mitogen

A mitogen is a chemical substance that encourages a cell to commence cell division, triggering mitosis.

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MMP9

Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), also known as 92 kDa type IV collagenase, 92 kDa gelatinase or gelatinase B (GELB), is a matrixin, a class of enzymes that belong to the zinc-metalloproteinases family involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix.

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N-Arachidonylglycine

N-Arachidonylglycine (NAGly) is a carboxylic metabolite of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA).

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Nabumetone

Nabumetone is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

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Naproxen

Naproxen (brand names: Aleve, Naprosyn, and many others) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the propionic acid class (the same class as ibuprofen) that relieves pain, fever, swelling, and stiffness.

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Ned D. Heindel

Ned D. Heindel (September 4, 1937) is an American chemist.

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Nepafenac

Nepafenac (brand name Nevanac or Ilevro) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), usually sold as a prescription eye drop 0.1% solution (Nevanac) or 0.3% solution (Ilevro).

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Niflumic acid

Niflumic acid is a drug used for joint and muscular pain.

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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a drug class that reduce pain, decrease fever, prevent blood clots and, in higher doses, decrease inflammation.

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Oleanolic acid

Oleanolic acid or oleanic acid is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid related to betulinic acid.

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Omega-6 fatty acid

Omega-6 fatty acids (also referred to as ω-6 fatty acids or n-6 fatty acids) are a family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the ''n''-6 position, that is, the sixth bond, counting from the methyl end.

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Oncolytic adenovirus

Adenovirus varieties have been explored extensively as a viral vector for gene therapy and also as an oncolytic virus.

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Ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is a cancer that forms in or on an ovary.

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Oxicam

Oxicam is a class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that bind closely to plasma proteins.

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Palmitoylethanolamide

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous fatty acid amide, belonging to the class of nuclear factor agonists.

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Philip Needleman

Philip Needleman is an American pharmacologist and academic.

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Pleurisy

Pleurisy, also known as pleuritis, is inflammation of the membranes that surround the lungs and line the chest cavity (pleurae).

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Polmacoxib

Polmacoxib (trade name Acelex) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat osteoarthritis.

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Proliferative vitreoretinopathy

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a disease that develops as a complication of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

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Prostaglandin

The prostaglandins (PG) are a group of physiologically active lipid compounds having diverse hormone-like effects in animals.

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Protectin D1

Protectin D1 also known as neuroprotectin D1 (when it acts in the nervous system) and abbreviated most commonly as PD1 or NPD1 is a member of the class of specialized proresolving mediators.

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PTGS1

Cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), also known as prostaglandin G/H synthase 1, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 or prostaglandin H2 synthase 1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTGS1 gene.

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Quercinol

Quercinol (a chromene derivative), isolated from the mushroom Daedalea quercina, has in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, and inhibits the enzymes cyclooxygenase 2, xanthine oxidase, and horseradish peroxidase.

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Reinke's edema

Reinke's edema is the swelling of the vocal cords due to fluid (edema) collected within the Reinke's space.

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RELA

Transcription factor p65 also known as nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p65 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RELA gene.

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Specialized pro-resolving mediators

Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM, also termed specialized proresolving mediators) are a large and growing class of cell signaling molecules formed in cells by the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by one or a combination of lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase enzymes.

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Tarenflurbil

Tarenflurbil, Flurizan or R-flurbiprofen, is the single enantiomer of the racemate NSAID flurbiprofen.

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Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid

Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA, 2-COOH-THC; conjugate base tetrahydrocannabinolate) is a precursor of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active component of cannabis.

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Tribulus terrestris

Tribulus terrestris is an annual plant in the caltrop family (Zygophyllaceae) widely distributed around the world, that is adapted to grow in dry climate locations in which few other plants can survive.

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Tubuloglomerular feedback

In the physiology of the kidney, tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) is a feedback system inside the kidneys.

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Withanolide

Withanolides are a group of at least 300 naturally occurring steroids built on an ergostane skeleton.

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12-Hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid

12-Hydroxyheptadecatrenoic acid (also termed 12-HHT, 12(S)-hydroxyheptadeca-5Z,8E,10E-trienoic acid, or 12(S)-HHTrE) is a 17 carbon metabolite of the 20 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid.

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13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid

13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) is the commonly used term for 13(S)-hydroxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid (13(S)-HODE).

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15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid

15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (also termed 15-HETE, 15(S)-HETE, and 15S-HETE) is an eicosanoid, i.e. a metabolite of arachidonic acid.

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20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid

20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, also known as 20-HETE or 20-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid, is an eicosanoid metabolite of arachidonic acid that has a wide range of effects on the vascular system including the regulation of vascular tone, blood flow to specific organs, sodium and fluid transport in the kidney, and vascular pathway remodeling.

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5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid

5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE, 5(S)-HETE, or 5S-HETE) is an eicosanoid, i.e. a metabolite of arachidonic acid.

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9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid

9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-hydroxy-10(E),12(Z)-octadecadienoic acid or 9-HODE) has been used in the literature to designate either or both of two stereoisomer metabolites of the essential fatty acid, linoleic acid: 9(S)-hydroxy-10(E),12(Z)-octadecadienoic acid (9(S)-HODE) and 9(R)-hydroxy-10(E),12(Z)-octadecadienoic acid (9(R)-HODE); these two metabolites differ in having their hydroxy residues in the S or R configurations, respectively.

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Redirects here:

COX-2, Cox-2, Cyclooxygenase 2, Cyclooxygenase-2, PTGS2, PTGS2 (gene).

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin-endoperoxide_synthase_2

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