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Abbas Helmi II of Egypt

Abbas II Helmy Bey (also known as ‘Abbās Ḥilmī Pasha, عباس حلمي باشا) (14 July 1874 – 19 December 1944) was the last Khedive (Ottoman viceroy) of Egypt and Sudan, ruling from 8 January 1892 to 19 December 1914.

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Abbey of Saint Gall

The Abbey of Saint Gall (Abtei St.) is a dissolved abbey (747–1805) in a Roman Catholic religious complex in the city of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

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Abd al-Hafid of Morocco

Abdelhafid of Morocco or Mulai Abdelhafid (24 February 1875, in Fes – 4 April 1937, in Enghien-les-Bains) (عبد الحفيظ) was the Sultan of Morocco from 1908 to 1912 and a member of the Alaouite Dynasty.

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Abdelkebir Khatibi

Abdelkebir Khatibi (عبد الكبير الخطيبي) (11 February 1938 – 16 March 2009) was a Moroccan literary critic, novelist and playwright.

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Abdi Aadan Haad (Abdi Qays)

Abdi Qays (Cabdi Aadan Xaad Cabdi Qays, Abdi Aadan Haad Abdi Qays, عبدي آدن حاد.) born in Hargeisa in the year 1940 under the British Somaliland protectorate was the only poet in Somali language to be Singer/Songwriter/Musician, Poet and Playwright.

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Abdillahi Suldaan Mohammed Timacade

Abdillahi Suldaan Mohammed 'Timacadde' (Cabdillaahii Suuldaan Maxamed, عبد الله سلطان محمد) was a Somali poet.

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Abdul Samad of Selangor

Sultan Abdul Samad ibni Almarhum Raja Abdullah (1804 - 6 February 1898) was the fourth Sultan of Selangor.

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Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah

Sheikh Abdullah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah (1895 – 24 November 1965) (عبد الله الثالث السالم الصباحالشيخ الشيخ) was the 11th ruler of kuwait, the 1st Emir of the State of Kuwait, and Commander-in-chief of Kuwait Military Forces from 29 January 1950 until his death.

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Abolition of monarchy

The abolition of monarchy involves the ending of monarchical elements in the government of a country.

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Abrahams Commission

The Abrahams Commission (also known the Land Commission) was a commission appointed by the Nyasaland government in 1946 to inquire into land issues in Nyasaland.

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Ace Combat 5: The Unsung War

(Ace Combat: Squadron Leader in Europe) is a semi-realistic flight combat video game for the PlayStation 2.

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Act of Guarantee

The Act of Guarantee (Dutch: Akte van Garantie) of the hereditary stadtholderate was a document from 1788, in which the seven provinces of the States General and the representative of Drenthe declared, amongst other things, that the admiralty and captain-generalship were hereditary, and together with the hereditary stadtholderate would henceforth be an integrated part of the constitution of the Dutch Republic.

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AD 73

AD 73 (LXXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 74

AD 74 (LXXIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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Administrative consul

Under certain historical circumstances, a major power's consular representation would take on various degrees of administrative roles, not unlike a colonial Resident Minister.

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Administrative divisions of Somalia

Somalia is officially divided into eighteen (18) administrative regions (gobollada, singular gobol), which in turn are subdivided into ninety (90) districts (plural degmooyin; singular degmo).

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Administrator of Tokelau

The Administrator of Tokelau is an official of the New Zealand Government, responsible for supervising the government of the dependent territory of Tokelau.

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Adriatic Sea

The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula.

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Afghan Independence Day

Afghan Independence Day is celebrated in Afghanistan on 19 August to commemorate the Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919 and relinquishment from protected state status.

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Afro-Germans

Afro-Germans (Afrodeutsche), Black Germans (schwarze Deutsche) or during the German Empire Imperial Negroes (Reichsneger) are an ethnic group, namely people who are citizens and/or residents of Germany and who are of Black African descent.

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Agadir

Agadir (Berber: Agadir, ⴰⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ, Arabic: أكادير or أݣادير or أغادير) is a major city in mid-southern Morocco.

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Agadir Crisis

The Agadir Crisis or Second Moroccan Crisis (also known as the Panthersprung in German) was a brief international crisis sparked by the deployment of a substantial force of French troops in the interior of Morocco in April 1911.

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Ahanta people

The Ahantas are an Akan people Ahanta is also believed to have come from the Fante word "hata" which matches with "yinda" in Ahanta language which means to dry or warm oneself after being wet or cold but geographically, the true definition of Ahanta is the land between Pra and Ankobra rivers.

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Ahmad Zaki Pasha

Ahmad Zaki Pasha (26 May 1867 – 5 July 1934) was an Egyptian philologist, sometimes called the Dean of Arabism, and longtime secretary of the Egyptian Cabinet.

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Ahmed ‘Urabi

Colonel Ahmed ‘Urabi or Ourabi (أحمد عرابى, ˈæħmæd ʕouˈɾɑːbi in Egyptian Arabic; 31 March 1841 – 21 September 1911), widely known in English (and by himself) as Ahmad Ourabi, was an Egyptian nationalist, revolutionary and an officer of the Egyptian army.

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Ahmed Belbachir Haskouri

Ahmed Belbachir Haskouri (1908–1962) was a prominent member of the royal court of Morocco during the protectorate period.

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Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud

Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud "Silanyo" (Axmed Maxamed Maxamuud Siilaanyo, احمد محمد محمود سيلانيو) (born 1936) is a Somaliland politician who was President of Somaliland from 2010 - 2017.

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Aix-les-Bains

Aix-les-Bains (French: Èx-los-Bens, Aquae Gratianae), locally called Aix, is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.

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Al Houta

Al Houta or Al-Hawtah (الحوطةAl-Ḥawṭah) is a city and an area located between Ta'izz and Aden in Yemen.

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Alan Rusbridger

Alan Charles Rusbridger (born 29 December 1953) is a British journalist, Principal of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford and the former editor-in-chief of The Guardian.

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Alawi (sheikhdom)

The Alawi Sheikhdom (مشيخة العلوي), or Alawi (علوي) — was a Sheikhdom located in the Adan region of southwestern Yemen.

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Albania

Albania (Shqipëri/Shqipëria; Shqipni/Shqipnia or Shqypni/Shqypnia), officially the Republic of Albania (Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe.

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Albanian Fascist Party

The Albanian Fascist Party (Partia Fashiste e Shqipërisë, or PFSh) was a Fascist organization active during World War II which held nominal power in Albania from 1939, when the country was conquered by Italy, until 1943, when Italy capitulated to the Allies.

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Albanian Kingdom (1939–43)

The Albanian Kingdom (Gheg Albanian: Mbretnija Shqiptare, Standard Albanian: Mbretëria Shqiptare, Regno albanese), also known as Greater Albania, existed as a protectorate of the Kingdom of Italy.

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Albanian Regiment (France)

The Albanian Regiment (Régiment albanais) was a military unit of the First French Empire formed in 1807 in Corfu.

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Albanian Republic

The Albanian Republic was the official name of Albania as enshrined in the Constitution of 1925.

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Albert II, Prince of Monaco

Albert II – Website of the Palace of Monaco (Albert Alexandre Louis Pierre Grimaldi; born 14 March 1958) is the reigning monarch of the Principality of Monaco and head of the princely house of Grimaldi.

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Alexander Ball

Sir Alexander John Ball, 1st Baronet (Alessandro Giovanni Ball, 1757 – 20 October 1809) was a British Admiral and Civil Commissioner of Malta.

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Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner

Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner, (23 March 185413 May 1925) was a British statesman and colonial administrator who played an influential leadership role in the formulation of foreign and domestic policy between the mid-1890s and early 1920s.

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Alfred Sharpe

Sir Alfred Sharpe, KCMG, CB (19 May 1853 in Lancaster – 10 December 1935) was Commissioner and Consul-General for the British Central Africa Protectorate and first Governor of Nyasaland.

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Algeciras Conference

The Algeciras Conference of 1906 took place in Algeciras, Spain, and lasted from 16 January to 7 April.

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Ali Bach Hamba

Ali Bach Hamba (1876 - 29 October 1918) was a Tunisian lawyer, journalist and politician.

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Ali Feiruz

Ali Abdi Feiruz, known as Ali Feiruz, (Cali Fayruus, was a prominent Somali musician.

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Ali Yusuf Kenadid

Ali Yusuf Kenadid (Cali Yuusuf Keenadiid, علي يوسف كينايديض) was a Somali ruler.

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All-Palestine Protectorate

The All-Palestine Protectorate, or simply All-Palestine, also known as Gaza Protectorate and Gaza Strip, was a short-living client state with limited recognition, corresponding to the area of modern Gaza Strip, which was established in area captured by the Kingdom of Egypt during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and allowed to run as a protectorate under the All-Palestine Government.

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Allah Peliharakan Sultan

"Allah Peliharakan Sultan" (Jawi: الله فليهاراكن سلطن) (God Bless the Sultan) is the national anthem of Brunei Darussalam.

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Allen Yancy

Allen N. Yancy (1881–1941) was Vice President of Liberia from 1928 to 1930 under President Charles D.B. King.

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Alliance Party (Malaysia)

The Alliance Party (Parti Perikatan) was a political coalition in Malaysia.

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Alma-class ironclad

The Alma-class ironclads were a group of seven wooden-hulled, armored corvettes built for the French Navy in the mid to late 1860s.

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Alphonse Favier

Pierre-Marie-Alphonse Favier-Duperron C.M.(Chinese: 樊國樑 Pinyin:Fan Guoliang Wade-Giles: Fan Kouo-Léang) (born 22 September 1837 at Marsannay-la-Côte, France; died 4 April 1905 in Beijing) was the controversial Roman Catholic (Chinese: 天主教; Pinyin: Tianzhu jiao; Lord of Heaven Religion) Lazarite Vicar Apostolic of Northern Chi-Li (直隸北境) (later Chihli; now Hebei), China (now incorporating the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Beijing) and titular bishop of Pentacomia from 13 April 1899 until his death in 1905.

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Amateur status in first-class cricket

Amateur status had a special meaning in English cricket.

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Amban

Amban (Manchu:Amban, Mongol: Амбан, Tibetan:ཨམ་བན་am ben, Uighur:ئامبان་am ben) is a Manchu language word meaning "high official," which corresponds to a number of different official titles in the Qing imperial government.

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Ambassadors and envoys from Russia to Poland (1763–1794)

Ambassadors and envoys from Russia to Poland–Lithuania in the years 1763–1794 were among the most important characters in the politics of Poland.

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Andreas Laskaratos

Andreas Laskaratos (Ανδρέας Λασκαράτος; 1 May 1811 – 23/24 July 1901) was a satirical poet and writer from the Ionian island of Cefalonia (or Kefallinia), representative of the Heptanese School (literature).

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Andrew Clarke (British Army officer)

Lieutenant General Sir Andrew Clarke, (27 July 1824 – 29 March 1902) was a British soldier and governor, as well as a surveyor and politician in Australia.

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Angkor Wat

Angkor Wat (អង្គរវត្ត, "Capital Temple") is a temple complex in Cambodia and the largest religious monument in the world, on a site measuring.

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Anglo-Ashanti wars

The Anglo-Ashanti Wars were a series of five conflicts between the Ashanti Empire, in the Akan interior of the Gold Coast (now Ghana), and the British Empire and British-allied African states that took place between 1824 and 1901.

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Anglo-Dutch Wars

The Anglo-Dutch wars (Engels–Nederlandse Oorlogen or Engelse Zeeoorlogen) were a series of conflicts fought, on one side, by the Dutch States (the Dutch Republic, later the Batavian Republic) and, on the other side, first by England and later by the Kingdom of Great Britain/the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

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Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1891

The Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1891 was an agreement between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Portugal which fixed the boundaries between the British Central Africa Protectorate, (now Malawi) and the territories administered by the British South Africa Company in Mashonaland and Matabeleland (now parts of Zimbabwe) and North-Western Rhodesia (now part of Zambia) and Portuguese Mozambique, and also between the British South Africa Company administered territories of North-Eastern Rhodesia (now in Zambia), and Portuguese Angola.

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Anna and the King of Siam (film)

Anna and the King of Siam is a 1946 drama film directed by John Cromwell.

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Annam (French protectorate)

Annam (An Nam or Trung Kỳ, alternate spelling: Anam) was a French protectorate encompassing the central region of Vietnam.

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Annexation

Annexation (Latin ad, to, and nexus, joining) is the administrative action and concept in international law relating to the forcible transition of one state's territory by another state.

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Annexation of Santo Domingo

The Annexation of Santo Domingo was an attempted treaty during the later Reconstruction Era, initiated by United States President Ulysses S. Grant in 1869, to annex "Santo Domingo" (as the Dominican Republic was commonly known) as a United States territory, with the promise of eventual statehood.

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Anschluss

Anschluss ('joining') refers to the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938.

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Ante Pavelić

Ante Pavelić (14 July 1889 – 28 December 1959) was a Croatian general and military dictator who founded and headed the fascist ultranationalist organization known as the Ustaše in 1929 and governed the Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH), a fascist Nazi puppet state built out of Yugoslavia by the authorities of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, from 1941 to 1945.

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Anti-cession movement of Sarawak

The anti-cession movement of Sarawak (Gerakan Anti-Penyerahan Sarawak) was a movement in Sarawak to fight against the British attempt to govern Sarawak as a crown colony rather than a protectorate ruled by the White Rajahs.

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Apostolic Vicariate of Eastern Oceania

The Vicariate Apostolic of Eastern Oceania was a Roman Catholic missionary jurisdiction for some of the South Sea (Pacific) islands from 1833 till 1848.

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Apostolic Vicariate of Shire

The Vicariate Apostolic of Shiré (Vicariatus Apostolicus ?) was an Apostolic vicariate located in Nyasaland Protectorate, Africa.

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April 1912

The following events occurred in April 1912.

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April 1941

The following events occurred in April 1941.

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April 1967

The following events occurred in April 1967.

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Aqaba

Aqaba (العقبة) is the only coastal city in Jordan and the largest and most populous city on the Gulf of Aqaba.

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Aqrabi

‘Aqrabi, or the Aqrabi Sheikhdom, was a state in the British Aden Protectorate, the Federation of Arab Emirates of the South, and its successor, the Federation of South Arabia.

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Arabian oryx reintroduction

The Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx), also called the white oryx, was extinct in the wild as of 1972, but was reintroduced to the wild starting in 1982.

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Architecture of Albania

The Architecture of Albania (— Arkitektura e Shqipërisë) is a reflection of Albania's historical and cultural heritage.

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Archives Nationales (France)

The Archives Nationales (Archives nationales de France), also known as the French Archives or the National Archives, preserve France's official archives apart from the archives of the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as these two ministries have their own archive services, the Defence Historical Service (Service historique de la défense) and the Diplomatic Archives (Archives diplomatiques) respectively.

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Areas annexed by Nazi Germany

There were many areas annexed by Nazi Germany both immediately before and throughout the course of World War II.

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Armand Joseph Bruat

Armand Joseph Bruat (Colmar, 26 May 1796 – Montebello, off Toulon, 19 November 1855) was a French admiral.

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Arthur Haselrig

Sir Arthur Haselrig, 2nd Baronet (16017 January 1661) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1640 and 1659.

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Associated state

An associated state is the minor partner in a formal, free relationship between a political territory with a degree of statehood and a (usually larger) nation, for which no other specific term, such as protectorate, is adopted.

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August 15

No description.

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August 1913

The following events occurred in August 1913.

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Augustinas Povilaitis

Augustinas Povilaitis (24 February 1900 in Pašventys, Jurbarkas district – 12 July 1941 in Moscow) was a captain of the Lithuanian Army and Director of the State Security Department of Lithuania.

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Augustus II the Strong

Augustus II the Strong (August II.; August II Mocny; Augustas II; 12 May 16701 February 1733) of the Albertine line of the House of Wettin was Elector of Saxony (as Frederick Augustus I), Imperial Vicar and elected King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania.

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Australia Station

The Australia Station was the British, and later Australian, naval command responsible for the waters around the Australian continent.

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Australia–Russia relations

Australia–Russia relations (Российско-австралийские отношения) date back to 1807, when the Russian warship ''Neva'' arrived in Sydney as part of its circumnavigation of the globe.

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Awadh

Awadh (Hindi: अवध, اوَدھ),, known in British historical texts as Avadh or Oudh, is a region in the modern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh (before independence known as the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh) and a small area of Nepal's Province No. 5.

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Étoile Sportive du Sahel

The Étoile Sportive du Sahel (ESS, النـجـم الرياضي الساحلي), or Étoile du Sahel (النـجـم الساحلي), is a sports club from Sousse in the Sahel region of Tunisia, known primarily for its football and basketball team.

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Bacan Islands

The Bacan Islands, formerly also known as the Bachans, Bachians, and Batchians, are a group of islands in the Moluccas in Indonesia.

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Background of the Bahraini uprising of 2011

The background of the Bahraini uprising dates back to the beginning of the twentieth century.

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Bagyidaw

Bagyidaw (ဘကြီးတော်,; also known as Sagaing Min,; 23 July 1784 – 15 October 1846) was the seventh king of the Konbaung dynasty of Burma from 1819 until his abdication in 1837.

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Bahrain

Bahrain (البحرين), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain (مملكة البحرين), is an Arab constitutional monarchy in the Persian Gulf.

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Bahraini uprising of 2011

The Bahraini uprising of 2011 was a series of anti-government protests in Bahrain led by the Shia-dominant Bahraini Opposition from 2011 until 2014.

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Baidoa

Baidoa (Baydhabo), is capital in the southwestern Bay region of Somalia.

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Bali Kingdom

The Kingdom of Bali was a series of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms that once ruled some parts of the volcanic island of Bali, in Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia.

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Bank Al-Maghrib

The Bank Al-Maghrib is the central bank of the Kingdom of Morocco.

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Bar Confederation

The Bar Confederation (Konfederacja barska; 1768–1772) was an association of Polish nobles (szlachta) formed at the fortress of Bar in Podolia in 1768 to defend the internal and external independence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth against Russian influence and against King Stanisław II Augustus with Polish reformers, who were attempting to limit the power of the Commonwealth's wealthy magnates.

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Barang (Khmer word)

Barang (បារាំង) is a Khmer word meaning French.

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Bardera

Bardera City (بااردىرآ, Baardheere) is an important agricultural city in the Gedo region of Somalia.

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Barotseland

Barotseland is a region between Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia and Angola.

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Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia

Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia was a British protectorate in south central Africa formed in 1899.

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Basil Thomson

Sir Basil Home Thomson, (21 April 1861 – 26 March 1939) was a British intelligence officer, police officer, prison governor, colonial administrator, and writer.

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Batavian Republic

The Batavian Republic (Bataafse Republiek; République Batave) was the successor of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands.

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Battle for the Río San Juan de Nicaragua

The Battle for the Río San Juan de Nicaragua was one of several important battles that took place during the Anglo-Spanish War, a subconflict of the Seven Years' War, which lasted from December 1761 until February 1763.

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Battle of Adwa

The Battle of Adwa (Amharic: አድዋ; Amharic translated: Adowa, or sometimes by the Italian name Adua) was fought on 1 March 1896 between the Ethiopian Empire and the Kingdom of Italy near the town of Adwa, Ethiopia, in Tigray.

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Battle of Annual

The Battle of Annual was fought on July 22, 1921, at Annual in Spanish Morocco, between the Spanish Army of Africa and Berber combatants of the Rif region during the Rif War.

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Battle of Borneo (1941–42)

* For campaigns on eastern Borneo, see Battle of Tarakan (1942) and Battle of Balikpapan (1942). The Battle of Borneo was a successful campaign by Japanese Imperial forces for control of Borneo island and concentrated mainly on the subjugation of the Kingdom of Sarawak, Brunei, North Borneo, and the western part of Kalimantan that was part of the Dutch East Indies.

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Battle of Gawakuke

The Battle of Gawakuke was an engagement fought between the Sokoto Caliphate and the Gobir city-state at Gawakuke in northern Nigeria on 9 March 1836.

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Battle of Guayaquil

The Battle of Guayaquil was the final and pivotal armed confrontation of the Ecuadorian Civil War.

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Battle of Krtsanisi

The Battle of Krtsanisi (კრწანისის ბრძოლა, k'rts'anisis brdzola) was fought between the Qajars of Iran and the Georgian armies of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti and Kingdom of Imereti at the place of Krtsanisi near Tbilisi, Georgia, from September 8 to September 11, 1795, as part of Qajar Emperor Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar's war in response to King Heraclius II of Georgia’s alliance with the Russian Empire.

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Battle of Madagascar

The Battle of Madagascar was the British campaign to capture Vichy French-controlled Madagascar during World War II.

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Battle of the Netherlands

The Battle of the Netherlands (Slag om Nederland) was a military campaign part of Case Yellow (Fall Gelb), the German invasion of the Low Countries (Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands) and France during World War II.

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Bayfield Hall

Bayfield Hall is a Grade II* listed building which stands in a small estate close to the village of Letheringsett and the hamlet of Glandford in the English county of Norfolk within the United Kingdom.

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Bechuanaland Protectorate

The Bechuanaland Protectorate was a protectorate established on 31 March 1885, by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in southern Africa.

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Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment

The Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment was the final title of a line infantry regiment of the British Army that was originally formed in 1688.

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Beledweyne

Beledweyne (Beletweeyne, بلد وين, Belet Uen) is a city in south-central Somalia.

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Belfast (Parliament of Ireland constituency)

Belfast was a constituency represented in the Irish House of Commons until 1800.

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Belgian overseas colonies

Belgium controlled two colonies during its history: the Belgian Congo from 1885 to 1960 and Ruanda-Urundi from 1916 to 1962.

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Berbera

Berbera (Barbara, بربرة) is a city in the northwestern Woqooyi Galbeed region of Somaliland.

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Berlin Conference

The Berlin Conference of 1884–85, also known as the Congo Conference (Kongokonferenz) or West Africa Conference (Westafrika-Konferenz), regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power.

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Better Know a District

Better Know a District (also known as BKAD) was a recurring segment on The Colbert Report.

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Bezirksamtmann

Bezirksamtmann (plural Bezirksamtleute) is a German administrative title of gubernatorial or lower rank, roughly translating as equivalent to the British District Officer.

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Bhutan–India relations

The bilateral relations between the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan and the Republic of India have been traditionally close and both countries share a 'special relationship', making Bhutan a protected state, but not a protectorate, of India.

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Bight of Benin

The Bight of Benin or Bay of Benin is a bight in the Gulf of Guinea area on the western African coast.

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Bishopric of Merseburg

The Bishopric of Merseburg was an episcopal see on the eastern border of the medieval Duchy of Saxony with its centre in Merseburg, where Merseburg Cathedral was constructed.

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Bismarck Archipelago

The Bismarck Archipelago is a group of islands off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean and is part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea.

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Blankenhain

Blankenhain is a town in the Weimarer Land district, in Thuringia, Germany.

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Blantyre and East Africa Ltd

Blantyre and East Africa Ltd is a company that was incorporated in Scotland in 1898 and is still in existence.

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Blue Ensign

The Blue Ensign is a flag, one of several British ensigns, used by certain organisations or territories associated with the United Kingdom.

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Bluefields

Bluefields is the capital of the South Caribbean Autonomous Region (RACS) in Nicaragua.

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Blup Blup

Blup Blup Island is a small forested island off the northern coast of Papua New Guinea about 30 km offshore from Cape Girgir and is considered part of the Schouten Islands.

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Bocha Chiefdom

Bocha was a chiefdom in Zimbabwe.

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Bombardment of Alexandria

The Bombardment of Alexandria in Egypt by the British Mediterranean Fleet took place on 11–13 July 1882.

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Bombardment of Greytown

The Bombardment of Greytown or the Bombardment of San Juan del Norte was a naval action initiated by the United States sloop-of-war USS ''Cyane'', commanded by George H. Hollins, against the town of Greytown, Miskito Kingdom, which was under British protection.

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Borama

Borama (Boorama, بوراما) is the capital and the largest city of the northwestern Awdal region of Somaliland.

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Borneo

Borneo (Pulau Borneo) is the third largest island in the world and the largest in Asia.

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Botswana

Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana (Lefatshe la Botswana), is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa.

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Breda

Breda is a city and municipality in the southern part of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Brabant.

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British Army

The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of British Armed Forces.

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British Cameroons

British Cameroons was a British Mandate territory in British West Africa.

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British Central Africa Protectorate

The British Central Africa Protectorate (BCA) was a protectorate proclaimed in 1889 and ratified in 1891 that occupied the same area as present-day Malawi: it was renamed Nyasaland in 1907.

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British diaspora in Africa

The British diaspora in Africa is a population group broadly defined as English-speaking white Africans of mainly (but not only) British descent who live in or come from Sub-Saharan Africa.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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British Empire in World War II

When the United Kingdom declared war on Nazi Germany at the outset of World War II it controlled to varying degrees numerous crown colonies, protectorates and the Indian Empire.

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British Indian passport

The British Indian passport was a passport, proof of national status and travel document issued to the British subjects of the British Indian Empire, British subjects from other parts of the British Empire, and the subjects of the British protected states in the Indian subcontinent (i. e. the British Protected Persons of the 'princely states').

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British Mandate for Palestine (legal instrument)

The British Mandate for Palestine (valid 29 September 1923 - 15 May 1948), also known as the Mandate for Palestine or the Palestine Mandate, was a "Class A" League of Nations mandate for the territories of Mandatory Palestine – in which the Balfour Declaration's "national home for the Jewish people" was to be established – and a separate Arab Emirate of Transjordan, both of which were conceded by the Ottoman Empire under the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne.

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British nationality law

British nationality law is the law of the United Kingdom which concerns citizenship and other categories of British nationality.

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British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland

This article is about British nationality law in respect of citizens of Ireland.

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British protected person

A British protected person (BPP) is a member of a class of certain persons under the British Nationality Act 1981 associated with former protected states, protectorates, mandated and trust territories under British control.

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British Protectorate

British Protectorates were territories in which the British Crown exercised sovereign jurisdiction.

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British Raj

The British Raj (from rāj, literally, "rule" in Hindustani) was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947.

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British Somaliland

British Somaliland, officially the British Somaliland Protectorate (Dhulka Maxmiyada Soomaalida ee Biritishka, translit) was a British protectorate in present-day northwestern Somalia.

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British South Africa Company

The British South Africa Company (BSAC or BSACo) was established following the amalgamation of Cecil Rhodes' Central Search Association and the London-based Exploring Company Ltd which had originally competed to exploit the expected mineral wealth of Mashonaland but united because of common economic interests and to secure British government backing.

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British subject

The term British subject has had a number of different legal meanings over time.

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Bromsgrove

Bromsgrove is a town in Worcestershire, England.

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Brunei

Brunei, officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace (Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi), is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia.

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Brunei English

Brunei English is a regional dialect of English that is widely spoken in Brunei Darussalam, even though the national language is Malay.

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Bruneian Empire

The Bruneian Empire or Empire of Brunei, also known as Sultanate of Brunei or Negara Brunei, was a Malay sultanate, centred in Brunei on the northern coast of Borneo island in Southeast Asia.

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Brunei–Oman relations

Brunei–Oman relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between Brunei and Oman.

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Bu'ale

Bu'ale is a town in the Middle Juba (Jubbada Dhexe) region of Somalia.

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Buenaventura Báez

Buenaventura Báez, in full Ramón Buenaventura Báez Méndez (July 14, 1812March 14, 1884) was the President of the Dominican Republic for five nonconsecutive terms.

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Bukharan People's Soviet Republic

The Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (Buxoro Xalq Shoʻro Jumhuriyati; Ҷумҳурии Халқии Шӯравии Бухоро; r) was a short-lived Soviet state that governed the former Emirate of Bukhara during the years immediately following the Russian Revolution.

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Bundu, Senegal

Bundu (also Bondu, Bondou and Boundou) was a state in Africa, later a French protectorate dependent on the colony of Senegal.

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Bunyaruguru

Bunyaruguru was a kingdom in what is today Uganda.

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Bunyoro

Bunyoro is a kingdom in Western Uganda.

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Bureau d'études des postes et télécommunications d'outre-mer

The Bureau d'études des postes et télécommunications d'outre-mer (BEPTOM, Office of Oversea Posts and Telecommunications Studies in English) was a French public institution, financially autonomous.

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Buthrotum

Butrint (Buthrōtum; from Bouthrōtón) was an ancient Greek and later Roman city and bishopric in Epirus.

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Buzaaya

Buzaaya was a Basoga chiefdom in what is today Uganda.

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Cabinda Province

Cabinda (also spelled Kabinda, formerly called Portuguese Congo, known locally as Tchiowa) is an exclave and province of Angola, a status that has been disputed by several political organizations in the territory.

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Cairo

Cairo (القاهرة) is the capital of Egypt.

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Cambodian–Vietnamese War

The Cambodian–Vietnamese War, otherwise known in Vietnam as the "Counter-offensive on the Southwestern border" ("Chiến dịch Phản công Biên giới Tây-Nam) was an armed conflict between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and Democratic Kampuchea.

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Canton of Schwyz

The canton of Schwyz (/ʃviːt͡s/) is a canton in central Switzerland between the Alps in the south, Lake Lucerne to the west and Lake Zürich in the north, centered on and named after the town of Schwyz.

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Cappadocia (Roman province)

Cappadocia was a province of the Roman Empire in Anatolia (modern central-eastern Turkey), with its capital at Caesarea.

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Catholic Church in Wallis and Futuna

The Roman Catholic Church in Wallis and Futuna is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, which, inspired by the life, death and teachings of Jesus Christ, and under the spiritual leadership of the Pope and Roman curia in the Vatican City (within Rome) is the largest Christian church in the world.

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Cecil Rhodes

Cecil John Rhodes PC (5 July 1853 – 26 March 1902) was a British businessman, mining magnate and politician in southern Africa who served as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from 1890 to 1896.

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Certificates of Claim

Certificates of Claim were a form of legal instrument by which the colonial administration of the British Central Africa Protectorate granted title to individuals, companies and others who claimed to have acquired land within the protectorate by grant or purchase.

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Cham Albanians

Cham Albanians, or Chams (Çamë, Τσάμηδες Tsámidhes), are a sub-group of Albanians who originally resided in the western part of the region of Epirus in northwestern Greece, an area known among Albanians as Chameria.

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Cham issue

The Cham issue refers to a controversy which has been raised by Albania since the 1990s over the repatriation of the Cham Albanians, who were expelled from the Greek region of Epirus between 1944 and 1945, at the end of World War II, citing the collaboration of the majority of them with the occupying forces of the Axis powers.

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Changuu

Changuu Island (also known as Kibandiko, Prison or Quarantine Island) is a small island 5.6 km north-west of Stone Town, Unguja, Zanzibar.

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Charles Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak

Charles Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak, GCMG (Charles Anthoni Johnson Brooke; 3 June 1829 – 17 May 1917), born Charles Anthoni Johnson, ruled as the head of state of Kingdom of Sarawak from 3 August 1868 until his death.

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Chechen–Russian conflict

The Chechen–Russian conflict (Чеченский конфликт, Chechenskiy konflikt) is the centuries-long conflict, often armed, between the Russian (formerly Soviet) government and various Chechen nationalist and Islamist forces.

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China–India relations

China–India relations, also called Sino-Indian relations or Indo-China relations, refers to the bilateral relationship between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of India.

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Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)

The 1720 Chinese expedition to Tibet or the Chinese conquest of Tibet in 1720 was a military expedition sent by the Qing empire to expel the invading forces of the Dzungar Khanate from Tibet and establish a Chinese protectorate over the country.

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Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)

The 1910 Chinese expedition to Tibet or the Chinese invasion of Tibet in 1910 was a military campaign of the Qing dynasty to establish direct rule in Tibet in early 1910.

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Chinese imperialism

Historically, ancient China has been one of the world's oldest empires.

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Choe Ik-hyeon

Choi Ik-hyeon (Hangul:최익현, Hanja:崔益鉉, Pen name: Myonahm 1833-1906, also transliterated as Choi Ik-hyun) was a Korean Joseon Dynasty scholar, politician, philosopher, and general of the Korean Righteous Army guerrilla forces.

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Christian de Bonchamps

The Marquis Christian de Bonchamps (15 June 1860 – 9 December 1919) was a French explorer in Africa and a colonial officer in the French Empire during the late 19th- early 20th-century epoch known as the "Scramble for Africa", who played an important role in two of the more notorious incidents of the period.

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Christianity in Somalia

Christianity is a minority religion in Muslim-majority Somalia, with an estimated 10,000 practitioners in a population of over eight million inhabitants.

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Chronology of Western colonialism

This is a non-exhaustive chronology of colonialism-related events, which may reflect political events, cultural events, and important global events that have influenced colonization and decolonization.

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Civico Museo di Storia Naturale di Trieste

Civico Museo di Storia Naturale di Trieste is a natural history museum in Trieste, northern Italy.

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Civilization IV: Warlords

Sid Meier's Civilization IV: Warlords is the first official expansion pack of the critically acclaimed turn-based strategy video game Civilization IV.

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Classical Anatolia

Anatolia, also known by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is considered to be the westernmost extent of Asia.

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Claude Scudamore Jarvis

Major Claude Scudamore Jarvis CMG OBE (20 July 1879 – 8 December 1953) was a British colonial governor.

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Clayton–Bulwer Treaty

The Clayton–Bulwer Treaty was a treaty between the United States and Great Britain negotiated in 1850 by John M. Clayton and Sir Henry Lytton Bulwer, later Lord Dalling.

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Client state

A client state is a state that is economically, politically, or militarily subordinate to another more powerful state in international affairs.

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Collaboration with the Axis Powers

Within nations occupied by the Axis Powers in World War II, some citizens and organizations, prompted by nationalism, ethnic hatred, anti-communism, antisemitism, opportunism, self-defense, or often a combination, knowingly collaborated with the Axis Powers.

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Colonial forces of Australia

Until Australia became a Federation in 1901, each of the six colonial governments was responsible for the defence of their own colony.

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Colonial governors by year

These are lists of territorial governors by century and by year, such as the administrators of colonies, protectorates, or other dependencies.

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Colonial history of Angola

The colonial history of Angola is usually considered to run from the appearance of the Portuguese under Diogo Cão in 1482 (Congo) or 1484 (Angolan coast) until the independence of Angola in 1975.

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Colonial Mauritania

The period from the mid-nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries is the colonial period in Mauritania.

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Colonial Nigeria

Colonial Nigeria was the area of West Africa that later evolved into modern-day Nigeria, during the time of British rule in the 19th and 20th centuries.

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Colonial Office

The Colonial Office was a government department of the Kingdom of Great Britain and later of the United Kingdom, first created to deal with the colonial affairs of British North America but needed also to oversee the increasing number of colonies of the British Empire.

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Colonialism

Colonialism is the policy of a polity seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories, generally with the aim of developing or exploiting them to the benefit of the colonizing country and of helping the colonies modernize in terms defined by the colonizers, especially in economics, religion and health.

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Colony of Aden

The Colony of Aden or Aden Colony (مستعمرة عدن) was a British Crown colony from 1937 to 1963 located in the south of contemporary Yemen.

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Colony of Natal

The Colony of Natal was a British colony in south-eastern Africa.

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Commission of Triers

The Commission of Triers was a 38-member administrative commission established by Oliver Cromwell in 1654, during the early months of the Protectorate (1653–58), to assess the suitability of future parish ministers.

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Commissioner

A commissioner is, in principle, a member of a commission or an individual who has been given a commission (official charge or authority to do something).

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Commonwealth of Nations

The Commonwealth of Nations, often known as simply the Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organisation of 53 member states that are mostly former territories of the British Empire.

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Commonwealth of the Philippines

The Commonwealth of the Philippines (Commonwealth de Filipinas; Komonwelt ng Pilipinas) was the administrative body that governed the Philippines from 1935 to 1946, aside from a period of exile in the Second World War from 1942 to 1945 when Japan occupied the country.

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Compact of Free Association

The Compact of Free Association (COFA) is an international agreement establishing and governing the relationships of free association between the United States and the three Pacific Island nations of the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau.

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Condominium (international law)

In international law, a condominium (plural either condominia, as in Latin, or condominiums) is a political territory (state or border area) in or over which multiple sovereign powers formally agree to share equal dominium (in the sense of sovereignty) and exercise their rights jointly, without dividing it into "national" zones.

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Constance Stuart Larrabee

Constance Stuart Larrabee (7 August 1914 – 27 July 2000) was a photographer best known for her images of South Africa and her photo-journalism on Europe during World War II.

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Constantine P. Cavafy

Constantine Peter Cavafy (also known as Konstantin or Konstantinos Petrou Kavafis; Κωνσταντίνος Π. Καβάφης; April 29 (April 17, OS), 1863 – April 29, 1933) was an Egyptian Greek poet, journalist and civil servant.

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Constitution of Panama

Panama is governed under the Constitution of Panama of 1972 as amended in 1978, 1983, 1993, 1994, and 2004.

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Convention of Balta Liman

The Convention of Balta Liman of 1 May 1849 was an agreement between the Russian Empire and the Ottomans regulating the political situation of the two Danubian Principalities (the basis of present-day Romania), signed during the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1848.

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Convention of Tientsin

The, also known as the Tianjin Convention, was an agreement signed between the Meiji period Empire of Japan and Qing Dynasty Empire of China in Tientsin, China on 18 April 1885.

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Conventions of La Marsa

The Conventions of La Marsa (اتفاقية المرسى) supplementing the Treaty of Bardo were signed by the Bey of Tunis Ali III ibn al-Husayn and the French Resident General Paul Cambon on 8 June 1883.

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Cook Islands

The Cook Islands (Cook Islands Māori: Kūki 'Āirani) is a self-governing island country in the South Pacific Ocean in free association with New Zealand.

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Copenhagen

Copenhagen (København; Hafnia) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark.

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Cordillera Central (Luzon)

The Cordillera Central is a massive mountain range situated in the northern central part of the island of Luzon, in the Philippines.

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Corfu

Corfu or Kerkyra (translit,; translit,; Corcyra; Corfù) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea.

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County of Sargans

The County of Sargans was a state of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Cronheim

Cronheim is a village in the municipality of Gunzenhausen in the Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen district which forms part of the Bavarian Government district (in German: Regierungbezirk) of Mittelfranken.

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Culture of Nicaragua

Music and religious icons in Iberian culture and Amerindian sounds and flavors.

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Cyrenaica

Cyrenaica (Cyrenaica (Provincia), Κυρηναία (ἐπαρχία) Kyrēnaíā (eparkhíā), after the city of Cyrene; برقة) is the eastern coastal region of Libya.

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Czech literature

Czech literature is the literature written in the Czech language.

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Dahomey

The Kingdom of Dahomey was an African kingdom (located within the area of the present-day country of Benin) that existed from about 1600 until 1894, when the last king, Béhanzin, was defeated by the French, and the country was annexed into the French colonial empire.

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Dahomey Amazons

The Dahomey Amazons or Mino, which means "our mothers," were a Fon all-female military regiment of the Kingdom of Dahomey in the present-day Republic of Benin which lasted until the end of the 19th century.

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Danish resistance movement

The Danish resistance movements (Modstandsbevægelsen) were an underground insurgency to resist the German occupation of Denmark during World War II.

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Dayan Khan

Dayan Khan (Даян Хаан) (given name: Batumöngke; 1464–1517/1543) was a Mongol khan who reunited the Mongols under Chinggisid supremacy in the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia.

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December 1914

The following events occurred in December 1914.

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Decolonization

Decolonization (American English) or decolonisation (British English) is the undoing of colonialism: where a nation establishes and maintains its domination over one or more other territories.

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Demography of Liverpool

The demography of Liverpool is officially analysed by the Office for National Statistics.

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Denmark in World War II

During most of World War II, Denmark was first a protectorate, then an occupied territory under Germany.

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Department of Antiquities (Jordan)

The Department of Antiquities is a government department in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan with responsibility for archaeological research and cultural heritage management.

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Detachment (territory)

Detachment (Old French de, from, and tach, joining with a stake) under international law is the formal, permanent separation of and loss of sovereignty over some territory to another geo-political entity (either adjacent or non-contiguous).

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Deutsche Mark

The Deutsche Mark ("German mark"), abbreviated "DM" or, was the official currency of West Germany from 1948 until 1990 and later the unified Germany from 1990 until 2002.

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Dhar State

Dhar State was a princely state of British Raj ruled by the Kshatriya Maratha Rajput Puar (Pawar) dynasty.

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Diamantina Bowen

Diamantina, Lady Bowen (née di Roma) (c. 1832/1833–1893) was a noble from the formerly Venetian Ionian Islands who became the wife of Sir George Bowen, the first Governor of Queensland.

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Diplomatic recognition

Diplomatic recognition in international law is a unilateral political act with domestic and international legal consequences, whereby a state acknowledges an act or status of another state or government in control of a state (may be also a recognized state).

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Director (colonial)

The title director has been used in colonial administrations not only as a bureaucratic rank and for the members of a board of directors, but also specifically, as in this article, for the head of the colonial administration of a territory (e.g. protectorate) under indirect rule by a chartered company, functionally equivalent to a governor.

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Division of Korea

The division of Korea between North and South Korea occurred after World War II, ending the Empire of Japan's 35-year rule over Korea in 1945.

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Djerba

Djerba (جربة), also transliterated as Jerba or Jarbah, is, at, the largest island of North Africa, located in the Gulf of Gabès, off the coast of Tunisia.

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Doha

Doha (الدوحة, or ad-Dōḥa) is the capital and most populous city of the State of Qatar.

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Doklam

Doklam or Zhoglam (in Standard Tibetan),Ramakrushna Pradhan,, Mainstream Weekly, 29 July 2017.

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Dubai

Dubai (دبي) is the largest and most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

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Dubrovnik

Dubrovnik (historically Ragusa) is a Croatian city on the Adriatic Sea.

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Duchy of Bouillon

The Duchy of Bouillon (Duché de Bouillon) was a duchy comprising Bouillon and adjacent towns and villages in present-day Belgium.

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Duchy of Pless

The Duchy of Pless (or the Duchy of Pszczyna,Julian Janczak, (An outline for the History of Cartography till the End of the 18th century), Opole: 1976, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw: Institute of History of Science, Education and Technology, 1993,. This contains sections in several European languages, including; Accessed 2008-13-01. ^ Tadeusz Walichnowski, (Przynaleznosc terytorialna archiwaliow Panstwa Polskiego w stosunkach miedzynarodowych), Polish Scientific Publishers, Warsaw, 1977. Polish State Archives. ^Nagel's Encyclopedia Guide, Poland by Nagel Publishers, 1989, 399 pages,. Accessed 2008-13-01. Herzogtum Pleß, Księstwo Pszczyńskie) was a Duchy of Silesia, with its capital at Pless (present-day Pszczyna, Poland).

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Durbar (court)

Durbar (दरबार, দরবার​, دربار) is an Indo-Aryan word, equally common in many South Asian languages.

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Dutch intervention in Bali (1908)

The Dutch intervention in Bali in 1908 marked the final phase of Dutch colonial control over the island of Bali in Indonesia.

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Dutch Republic

The Dutch Republic was a republic that existed from the formal creation of a confederacy in 1581 by several Dutch provinces (which earlier seceded from the Spanish rule) until the Batavian Revolution in 1795.

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Dutch States Party

The Dutch States Party (without the qualifier "Dutch" if the meaning is clear from the context) is the name used in Anglophone historiography for the faction in the politics of the Dutch Republic referred to in (older) Dutch historiography as the Staatsgezinde partij.

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Dutch–Ahanta War

The Dutch–Ahanta War was a conflict between the Netherlands and the Ahanta between 1837 and 1839.

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East Africa

East Africa or Eastern Africa is the eastern region of the African continent, variably defined by geography.

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East Africa Protectorate

East Africa Protectorate (also known as British East Africa) was an area in the African Great Lakes occupying roughly the same terrain as present-day Kenya (approximately) from the Indian Ocean inland to Uganda and the Great Rift Valley.

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East African Campaign (World War II)

The East African Campaign (also known as the Abyssinian Campaign) was fought in East Africa during World War II by Allied forces, mainly from the British Empire, against Axis forces, primarily from Italy of Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana, or AOI), between June 1940 and November 1941.

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Eastern South Asia

Eastern South Asia is a subregion of South Asia.

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Economic history of India

The economic history of India is the story of India's evolution from a largely agricultural and trading society to a mixed economy of manufacturing and services while the majority still survives on agriculture.

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Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute of 1857–60

A territorial dispute between Ecuador and Peru took place between 1857 and 1860.

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Eduardo Propper de Callejón

Eduardo Propper de Callejón (Madrid, 9 April 1895 – London, 1972) was a Spanish diplomat who is mainly remembered for having facilitated the escape of thousands of Jews from occupied France during World War II between 1940 and 1944.

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Egypt

Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.

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Egypt Eyalet

The Eyalet of Egypt was the result of the conquest of Mamluk Egypt by the Ottoman Empire in 1517, following the Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–1517) and the absorption of Syria into the Empire in 1516.

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Egyptian Protectorates

Law 102 of 1983 empowered the Prime Minister to designate certain areas to be declared as protectorates.

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Egyptian revolution of 1919

The Egyptian revolution of 1919 was a countrywide revolution against the British occupation of Egypt and Sudan.

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Egyptians

Egyptians (مَصريين;; مِصريّون; Ni/rem/en/kīmi) are an ethnic group native to Egypt and the citizens of that country sharing a common culture and a common dialect known as Egyptian Arabic.

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Eighty Years' War (1566–1609)

In Dutch and English historiography the Dutch struggle for independence from the Spanish Crown in the 16th and 17th century was long known as the Eighty Years' War.

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Emblem of Papua New Guinea

The national emblem of Papua New Guinea consists of a bird-of-paradise over a traditional spear and a kundu drum.

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Emirate of Bukhara

The Emirate of Bukhara (امارت بخارا; Buxoro amirligi) was a Central Asian state that existed from 1785 to 1920, which is now modern-day Uzbekistan.

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Emirate of Trarza

The Emirate of Trarza was a precolonial state in what is today southwest Mauritania.

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Emperor of India

Emperor (or Empress) of India The Indian form of the title was Kaisar-i-Hind.

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Empire

An empire is defined as "an aggregate of nations or people ruled over by an emperor or other powerful sovereign or government, usually a territory of greater extent than a kingdom, as the former British Empire, Spanish Empire, Portuguese Empire, French Empire, Persian Empire, Russian Empire, German Empire, Abbasid Empire, Umayyad Empire, Byzantine Empire, Ottoman Empire, or Roman Empire".

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Empire of Japan

The was the historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 to the enactment of the 1947 constitution of modern Japan.

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Empire: Total War

Empire: Total War is a turn-based strategy and real-time tactics computer game developed by Creative Assembly and published by Sega.

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English-speaking world

Approximately 330 to 360 million people speak English as their first language.

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Equity and Reconciliation Commission

The Equity and Reconciliation Commission (هيئة الإنصاف والمصالحة; French Instance Equité et Réconciliation - IER) is a Moroccan human rights and truth commission created on January 7, 2004 when King Mohammed VI signed a Dahir (royal decree).

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Erdeni Batur

Erdeni Batur (in modern Mongolian: Эрдэнэбаатар, Erdenebaatar; d. 1653) was a Choros-Oirat prince generally considered to be the founder of the Dzungar Khanate, centered in the Dzungaria region,currently in north-westernmost part of China.

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Ernest Babelon

Ernest Charles François Babelon (born 7 November 1854 in Sarrey, Département Haute-Marne; died 3 January 1924 in Paris) was a French Numismatist and classical archaeologist.

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Erzurum Congress

Erzurum Congress (Erzurum Kongresi) was an assembly of Turkish Revolutionaries held from 23 July to 4 August 1919 in the city of Erzurum, in eastern Turkey, in accordance with the previously issued Amasya Circular.

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Eugene Sharrer

Eugene Charles Albert Sharrer was a British subject by naturalisation but of German descent, who was a leading entrepreneur in what is now Malawi for around fifteen years between his arrival in 1888 and his departure.

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Eugenio Ruspoli

Prince Eugenio Ruspoli (Țigănești, 6 January 1866 – near Burgi, Somalia, 4 December 1893) was an Italian explorer and naturalist.

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Europa Universalis IV

Europa Universalis IV is a grand strategy video game in the Europa Universalis series, developed by Paradox Development Studio and published by Paradox Interactive.

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European microstates

The European microstates or European ministates are a set of very small sovereign states in Europe.

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Evan Seys

Evan Seys (alternates: Yevan or Ievan) (1604–1685) was an eminent lawyer of his day who rose to national office under Oliver Cromwell as Attorney General, and served as a member of parliament after the Restoration.

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Expulsion of Cham Albanians

The expulsion of Cham Albanians from Greece was the forced migration of thousands of Cham Albanians from parts of the Greek region of western Epirus after the Second World War to Albania, at the hands of elements of the Greek Resistance; the National Republican Greek League (EDES) (1944) and EDES veteran resistance fighters (1945).

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Fadhli Sultanate

Fadhli (فضلي), or the Fadhli Sultanate (السلطنة الفضلية), was an independent sultanate on the southern coast of the Arabian Peninsula from at least the 15th century until 1967.

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Fascism

Fascism is a form of radical authoritarian ultranationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and control of industry and commerce, which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe.

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Fascism and ideology

The history of Fascist ideology is long and it involves many sources.

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Fata-a-iki

Fata-a-iki (died 1896) was a patu-iki (king) of the Pacific Ocean island of Niue.

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Fear Effect

Fear Effect is an action-adventure game developed by Kronos Digital Entertainment and published by Eidos Interactive for the PlayStation.

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February 11

No description.

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February 1927

The following events occurred in February 1927.

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February 1960

The following events occurred in February 1960.

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February 28

No description.

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Federal territory

A federal territory is an area under the direct and usually exclusive jurisdiction of a federation's central or national government.

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Federated Malay States

The Federated Malay States (FMS) was a federation of four protected states in the Malay Peninsula—Selangor, Perak, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang—established by the British government in 1895, which lasted until 1946, when they, together with two of the former Straits Settlements (Malacca and Penang) and the Unfederated Malay States, formed the Malayan Union.

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Federation of Arab Emirates of the South

The Federation of Arab Emirates of the South (اتحاد إمارات الجنوب العربي Ittiḥād ʾImārāt al-Janūn al-ʿArabiyy) was an organization of states within the British Aden Protectorate in what would become South Yemen.

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Federation of Malaya

The Federation of Malaya (Persekutuan Tanah Melayu; Jawi: ڤرسكوتوان تانه ملايو) was a federation of 11 states (nine Malay states and two of the British Straits Settlements, Penang and Malacca)See: Cabinet Memorandum by the Secretary of State for the Colonies.

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Federation of South Arabia

The Federation of South Arabia (اتحاد الجنوب العربي) was an organization of states under British protection in what would become South Yemen.

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Felice Beato

Felice Beato (1832 – 29 January 1909), also known as Felix Beato, was an Italian–British photographer.

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First and second terms of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt

The first and second terms of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt began on March 4, 1933, when he was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States, and ended with Roosevelt's third inauguration on January 20, 1941.

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First Indochina War

The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam) began in French Indochina on 19 December 1946, and lasted until 20 July 1954.

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First Italo-Ethiopian War

The First Italo-Ethiopian War was fought between Italy and Ethiopia from 1895 to 1896.

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First Madagascar expedition

The First Madagascar expedition was the beginning of the Franco-Hova War and consisted of a French military expedition against the Merina Kingdom on the island of Madagascar in 1883.

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First Melillan campaign

The First Melillan campaign, also called the Melilla War or the Margallo War (after Juan García y Margallo, the Spanish governor of Melilla whose defeat and death infuriated the Spanish public) in Spain, was a conflict between Spain and 39 of the Rif tribes of northern Morocco, and later the Sultan of Morocco, that began in October 1893, was openly declared November 9, 1893, and was resolved by the Treaty of Fez in 1894.

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First Partition of Poland

The First Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795.

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First Rahman cabinet

Tunku Abdul Rahman formed the first Rahman cabinet after being invited to begin a new government following the 27 July 1955 general election in Malaysia.

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First-past-the-post voting

A first-past-the-post (FPTP) voting method is one in which voters indicate on a ballot the candidate of their choice, and the candidate who receives the most votes wins.

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Five Eulsa Traitors

The Five Eulsa Traitors refers to those officials serving under Emperor Gojong who signed the Eulsa Treaty of 1905 making Korea a protectorate of Japan.

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Flag of Egypt

The flag of Egypt (علم مصر) is a tricolour consisting of the three equal horizontal red, white, and black bands of the Egyptian revolutionary flag dating back to the 1952 Egyptian Revolution.

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Flag of Saarland

The flag of Saarland is based on the flag of Germany and is a black, red, and gold (yellow) horizontal tricolor.

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Flag of Somaliland

The flag of Somaliland is used in Somaliland, a self-declared republic that is internationally recognized as an autonomous region of Somalia.

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Flag of Tanzania

The flag of Tanzania consists of a yellow-edged black diagonal band, divided diagonally from the lower hoist-side corner, with a green upper triangle and blue lower triangle.

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Flag of Tuvalu

The current flag of Tuvalu was instated when the country became independent in 1978, after the separation from the Gilbert Islands in 1976.

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Flag of Zanzibar

The flag of Zanzibar was adopted on 9 January 2005.

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FM broadcasting in Canada

The history of FM broadcasting started just after World War II ended, but the experimental FM network did not begin until 1960.

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Foreign relations of France

In the 19th century France built a new colonial empire second only to the British Empire.

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Foreign relations of Morocco

Morocco is a member of the United Nations and belongs to the African Union, Arab League, Arab Maghreb Union (UMA), Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the Non-Aligned Movement and the Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN_SAD).

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Foreign relations of Oman

When Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said assumed power in 1970, Oman had limited contacts with the outside world, including neighbouring Arab states.

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Foreign relations of the Maldives

The Maldives has remained an independent nation throughout its recorded history, save for a brief spell of Portuguese occupation in the mid-16th century.

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Forest of Dean

The Forest of Dean is a geographical, historical and cultural region in the western part of the county of Gloucestershire, England.

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François Coillard

François Coillard (17 July 1834 in Asnières-les-Bourges, Cher, France – 27 May 1904 in Lealui, Barotseland, Northern Rhodesia) was a French missionary who worked for the Paris Evangelical Missionary Society in southern Africa.

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François Vranck

François Vranck (alternative spellings Vrancke, Vrancken, Franchois Francken), (Zevenbergen, 1555? – The Hague, 11 October 1617) was a Dutch lawyer and statesman who played an important role in the founding of the Dutch Republic.

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France–Morocco relations

France–Morocco relations are bilateral relations between Morocco and France.

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France–Thailand relations

France–Thailand relations cover a period from the 16th century until modern times.

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France–Vietnam relations

French–Vietnamese relations started as early as the 17th century with the mission of the Jesuit father Alexandre de Rhodes.

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Francis Annesley, 1st Viscount Valentia

Francis Annesley, 1st Viscount Valentia, (1 February – 22 November 1660) was an English statesman during the colonisation of Ireland in the seventeenth century.

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Francis Cunningham Scott

Major-General Sir Francis Cunningham Scott, (1834 - 26 June 1902), was a British Army officer, who commanded the Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War 1895-96.

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Francisco Franco

Francisco Franco Bahamonde (4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a military dictator from 1939, after the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War, until his death in 1975.

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Franco-Monégasque Treaties

The Franco-Monégasque Treaties of 1861, 1918 and 2002 are the basis of the relationship between France and the Principality of Monaco.

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Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Sr. (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

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František Chvalkovský

František Chvalkovský (July 30, 1885, Jílové u Prahy - February 25, 1945) was a Czech diplomat and the fourth foreign minister of Czechoslovakia.

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Franz Borkenau

Franz Borkenau (December 15, 1900 – May 22, 1957) was an Austrian writer and publicist.

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Frederick Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard

Frederick John Dealtry Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard (22 January 1858 – 11 April 1945), known as Sir Frederick Lugard between 1901 and 1928, was a British soldier, mercenary, explorer of Africa and colonial administrator.

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Free City of Cracow

The Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of CracowThe Polish variant of Kraków is occasionally retroactively applied in English to the historical Free City.

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Free City of Danzig

The Free City of Danzig (Freie Stadt Danzig; Wolne Miasto Gdańsk) was a semi-autonomous city-state that existed between 1920 and 1939, consisting of the Baltic Sea port of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) and nearly 200 towns and villages in the surrounding areas.

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French and Indian Wars

The French and Indian Wars is a name used in the United States for a series of conflicts that occurred in North America between 1688 and 1763 and were related to the European dynastic wars.

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French Cameroons

French Cameroons (Cameroun), or Cameroun, was a League of Nations Mandate territory in Central Africa.

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French colonial flags

Some of the colonies, protectorates and mandates of the French Colonial Empire used distinctive colonial flags.

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French Congo

The French Congo (Congo français) or Middle Congo (Moyen-Congo) was a French colony which at one time comprised the present-day area of the Republic of the Congo, Gabon, and the Central African Republic.

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French Far East Expeditionary Corps

The French Far East Expeditionary Corps (Corps Expéditionnaire Français en Extrême-Orient, CEFEO) was a colonial expeditionary force of the French Union Army that was initially formed in French Indochina during 1945 during the Pacific War.

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French North Africa

French North Africa was a collection of territories in North Africa controlled by France, centering on French Algeria.

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French Polynesia

French Polynesia (Polynésie française; Pōrīnetia Farāni) is an overseas collectivity of the French Republic; collectivité d'outre-mer de la République française (COM), sometimes unofficially referred to as an overseas country; pays d'outre-mer (POM).

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French protectorate in Morocco

The French protectorate in Morocco (Protectorat français au Maroc; حماية فرنسا في المغرب Ḥimāyat Faransā fi-l-Maḡrib) was established by the Treaty of Fez.

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French Protectorate of Cambodia

The French Protectorate of Cambodia (ប្រទេសកម្ពុជាក្រោមអាណាព្យាបាលបារាំង; Protectorat français du Cambodge) refers to the Kingdom of Cambodia when it was a French protectorate within French Indochina — a collection of Southeast Asian protectorates within the French Colonial Empire.

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French Protectorate of Laos

The French protectorate of Laos was a French protectorate forming part of the French Colonial Empire in Southeast Asia.

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French protectorate of Tunisia

The French protectorate of Tunisia (Protectorat français de Tunisie; الحماية الفرنسية في تونس) was established in 1881, during the French colonial Empire era, and lasted until Tunisian independence in 1956.

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French Union

The French Union was a political entity created by the French Fourth Republic to replace the old French colonial system, colloquially known as the "French Empire" (Empire Français).

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Further Austria

Further Austria, Outer Austria or Anterior Austria (Vorderösterreich, formerly die Vorlande (pl.)) was the collective name for the early (and later) possessions of the House of Habsburg in the former Swabian stem duchy of south-western Germany, including territories in the Alsace region west of the Rhine and in Vorarlberg.

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Gabès

Gabès (قابس), also spelled Cabès, Cabes, Kabes, Gabbs and Gaps, is the capital city of the Gabès Governorate in Tunisia.

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Gambia Colony and Protectorate

The Gambia Colony and Protectorate was the British colonial administration of the Gambia from 1821 to 1965, part of the British Empire in the New Imperialism era.

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Garbahare

Garbahare (also: Garbaharrey, Garbahaarrey or Garbahaareey) is the capital of Gedo, an administrative region in southern Somalia.

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Gauliga Böhmen und Mähren

The Gauliga Böhmen und Mähren, was the highest football league in the parts of Czechoslovakia occupied by Germany on 15 March 1939 and incorporated in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (German:Protectorat Böhmen und Mähren) from 1943 to 1945.

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General Affairs State Council

The General Affairs State Council was the de facto executive administrative branch of the government of the Japanese-controlled Empire of Manchuria from 1934-1945.

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Geography of Bhutan

The Kingdom of Bhutan is a sovereign nation, located towards the eastern extreme of the Himalayas mountain range.

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George Henri Anne-Marie Victor de Villebois-Mareuil

George Henri Anne-Marie Victor count de Villebois-Mareuil or by his shortened name George de Villebois-Mareuil (22 March 1847, Montaigu, Brittany, France - 6 April 1900, Boshof, Orange Free State, South Africa) was a former colonel in the French infantry who fought and died on the side of the Boers during the Second Anglo-Boer War.

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George Tupou II

Siaosi Tupou II, King of Tonga (George Tupou II in English; 18 June 1874 – 5 April 1918) was the King of Tonga from 18 February 1893 until his death.

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Georgia within the Russian Empire

The country of Georgia became part of the Russian Empire in the 19th century.

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Georgia–Persia relations

Persia and Georgia have had relations for thousands of years.

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German colonial empire

The German colonial empire (Deutsches Kolonialreich) constituted the overseas colonies, dependencies and territories of Imperial Germany.

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German declaration of war against the Netherlands

At 6:00 am (Amsterdam Time) on 10 May 1940, during the Battle of the Netherlands, the German envoy Count von Zech-Burkersroda gave the Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs Van Kleffens a message.

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German East Africa

German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) (GEA) was a German colony in the African Great Lakes region, which included present-day Burundi, Rwanda, and the mainland part of Tanzania.

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German East Africa Company

The German East Africa Company (Deutsch-Ostafrikanische Gesellschaft, abbreviated DOAG) was a chartered colonial organization which brought about the establishment of German East Africa, a territory which eventually comprised the areas of modern Tanzania, Burundi, and Rwanda.

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German involvement in Georgian–Abkhaz conflict

The German involvement in Abkhazia dates back to the 1870s, when Russian Tsar Alexander II decided to settle German villagers in Abkhazia to "civilize" the newly conquered Caucasian peoples.

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German New Guinea

German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) was the first part of the German colonial empire.

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German Samoa

German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa) was a German protectorate from 1900 to 1914, consisting of the islands of Upolu, Savai'i, Apolima and Manono, now wholly within the independent state Samoa, formerly Western Samoa.

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German West Africa

German West Africa (Deutsch-Westafrika) was a designation used for the German Protectorates in West Africa between 1884 and 1919.

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German West African Company

The German West African Company, in German Deutsch-Westafrikanische Gesellschaft / Compagnie, was a German chartered company, founded in 1885.

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Germany–United Kingdom relations

Germany–United Kingdom relations, or Anglo–German relations, are the bilateral relations between the United Kingdom and Germany.

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Gersau

Gersau is a municipality and district in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland, sitting on the shores of Lake Lucerne.

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Ghisolfi

De Ghisolfi (also known as de Guizolfi, de Gisolfi, Guigursis, Guilgursis and Giexulfis) was the name of a Genoese-Jewish family prominent in the late Middle Ages and the early Renaissance.

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Giacinto Achilli

Giovanni Giacinto Achilli (c. 1803 – c. 1860) was an Italian Roman Catholic who was discharged from the priesthood for sexual misconduct and subsequently became a fervent advocate of the Protestant evangelical cause.

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Gilbert and Ellice Islands

The Gilbert and Ellice Islands were a British protectorate from 1892 and colony from 1916 until 1 January 1976, when the islands were divided into two colonies which became independent nations shortly after.

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Gilbert Islands

The Gilbert Islands (Tungaru;Reilly Ridgell. Pacific Nations and Territories: The Islands of Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia. 3rd. Ed. Honolulu: Bess Press, 1995. p. 95. formerly Kingsmill or King's-Mill IslandsVery often, this name applied only to the southern islands of the archipelago, the northern half being designated as the Scarborough Islands. Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam Webster, 1997. p. 594) are a chain of sixteen atolls and coral islands in the Pacific Ocean about halfway between Papua New Guinea and Hawaii.

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Gold Coast (British colony)

The Gold Coast was a British colony on the Gulf of Guinea in west Africa from 1867 to its independence as the nation of Ghana in 1957.

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Govera

Govera was a chiefdom in Zimbabwe.

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Government

A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, often a state.

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Governor of North Borneo

The Governor of North Borneo was the appointed head of the government of North Borneo.

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Governor-General of Korea

The post of Governor-General of Korea served as the chief administrator of Korea while it was held as Chōsen (Korea) from 1910 to 1945.

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Grand Duchy of Kraków

The Grand Duchy of Kraków (Großherzogtum Krakau, Wielkie Księstwo Krakowskie) was created after the incorporation of the Free City of Cracow into Austria on 16 November 1846.

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Great East Road

The Great East Road is a major road in Zambia and the only highway linking its Eastern Province with the rest of the country.

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Greater Somalia

Greater Somalia (Soomaaliweyn, الصومال الكبير) comprises the regions in or near the Horn of Africa in which ethnic Somalis live and have historically inhabited.

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Greco-Italian War

The Greco-Italian War (Italo-Greek War, Italian Campaign in Greece; in Greece: War of '40 and Epic of '40) took place between the kingdoms of Italy and Greece from 28 October 1940 to 23 April 1941.

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Greenland in World War II

In 1940, Greenland was a Danish colony.

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Grodno Sejm

Grodno Sejm (Sejm grodzieński; Гарадзенскі сойм; Gardino seimas) was the last Sejm (session of parliament) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Guadalcanal Campaign

The Guadalcanal Campaign, also known as the Battle of Guadalcanal and codenamed Operation Watchtower by American forces, was a military campaign fought between 7 August 1942 and 9 February 1943 on and around the island of Guadalcanal in the Pacific theater of World War II.

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Guantánamo Bay

Guantánamo Bay (Bahía de Guantánamo) is a bay located in Guantánamo Province at the southeastern end of Cuba.

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Gulf War

The Gulf War (2 August 199028 February 1991), codenamed Operation Desert Shield (2 August 199017 January 1991) for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm (17 January 199128 February 1991) in its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait.

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Gura, Eritrea

Gura (قورع) or Gura’e is a settlement in Eritrea's Debub region in northeast Africa.

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Gustav Nachtigal

Gustav Nachtigal (23 February 1834 – 20 April 1885) was a German explorer of Central and West Africa.

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Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns

Gustave Henri Ange Hippolyte Rolin-Jaequemyns (31 January 1835 – 9 January 1902) was a Belgian attorney at law, diplomat and Minister of the Interior (1878–1884) as a member of the Unitarian Liberal Party.

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Gyeongui Line (1904–1945)

The Gyeongui Line was a railway line of the Chosen Government Railway running from Gyeongseong to Sinuiju in Korea.

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Hadhramaut

Hadramaut, Hadhramaut, Hadramout, Hadramawt or Ḥaḍramūt (حضرموت Ḥaḍramawt; Musnad: 𐩢𐩳𐩧𐩣𐩩) is a region on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula.

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Hakim (title)

and are two Arabic titles derived from the same triliteral root Ḥ-K-M "appoint, choose, judge".

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Hanalei, Hawaii

Hanalei is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kauaokinai County, Hawaiokinai, United States.

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Hanish Islands

The Hanish Islands (جزر حنيش) are an island group in the Red Sea.

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Hannibal

Hannibal Barca (𐤇𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋 𐤁𐤓𐤒 ḥnb‘l brq; 247 – between 183 and 181 BC) was a Carthaginian general, considered one of the greatest military commanders in history.

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Harald Klak

Harald 'Klak' Halfdansson (c. 785 – c. 852) was a king in Jutland (and possibly other parts of Denmark) around 812–814 and again from 819–827.

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Hardress Waller

Sir Hardress Waller (1666; also spelled HardresseNamed as Sir Hardresse Waller in the), cousin of Sir William Waller, was an English parliamentarian of note who was condemned to death for his part in the regicide of Charles I. His life was spared owing to the efforts of his friends and instead condemned to life imprisonment.

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Hargeisa

Hargeisa (Hargeysa, هرجيسا) is a city situated in the Woqooyi Galbeed region of the self-declared but internationally unrecognised Republic of Somaliland in the Horn of Africa.

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Hassan Sheikh Mumin

Hassan Sheikh Mumin (Xasan Sheekh Muumiin, حسن الشيخ مؤمن) (1931 – 16 January 2008) was a Somali poet, playwright, broadcaster, actor and composer.

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Hassanal Bolkiah

Hassanal Bolkiah, GCB GCMG (full name: Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah ibn Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam; born 15 July 1946) is the 29th and current Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei.

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Haushabi

Haushabi or Hawshabi (al-Ḥawshabī or al-Ḥawāshab), or the Haushabi Sultanate (Salṭanat al-Ḥawāshab), was a state in the British Aden Protectorate.

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Hayashi Gonsuke (diplomat)

was a diplomat of the Empire of Japan.

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Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty

The Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty (Helgoland-Sansibar-Vertrag; also known as the Anglo-German Agreement of 1890) was an agreement signed on 1 July 1890 between the German Empire and the United Kingdom.

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Helvetic Republic

In Swiss history, the Helvetic Republic (1798–1803) represented an early attempt to impose a central authority over Switzerland, which until then had consisted of self-governing cantons united by a loose military alliance (and ruling over subject territories such as Vaud).

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Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon

Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne (titular Duke of Bouillon, jure uxoris, comte de Montfort et Negrepelisse, vicomte de Turenne, Castillon, et Lanquais) (28 September 1555 – 25 March 1623) was a member of the powerful (then Huguenot) House of La Tour d'Auvergne, Prince of Sedan and a marshal of France.

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Henry Wentworth Monk

Henry Wentworth Monk (April 6, 1827 – August 24, 1896) was a Canadian Christian Zionist, mystic, Messianist, and millenarian.

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Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel

Herbert Louis Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel, (6 November 1870 – 5 February 1963) was a British Liberal politician who was the party leader from 1931 to 1935.

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Herero and Namaqua genocide

The Herero and Nama genocide was a campaign of racial extermination and collective punishment that the German Empire undertook in German South West Africa (now Namibia) against the Ovaherero and the Nama.

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Hiệp Hòa

Hiệp Hòa, also known as Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Dật, was the sixth emperor of the Vietnamese Nguyễn Dynasty and reigned for four months (30 July 1883 – 29 November 1883).

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High Commission of Tonga, London

The High Commission of Tonga in London is the diplomatic mission of Tonga in the United Kingdom.

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High commissioner

High commissioner is the title of various high-ranking, special executive positions held by a commission of appointment.

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High commissioner (Commonwealth)

In the Commonwealth of Nations, a high commissioner is the senior diplomat (generally ranking as an ambassador) in charge of the diplomatic mission of one Commonwealth government to another.

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High Commissioner for Southern Africa

The British office of high commissioner for Southern Africa was responsible for governing British possessions in Southern Africa, latterly the protectorates Basutoland (now Lesotho), the Bechuanaland Protectorate (now Botswana) and Swaziland, as well as for relations with autonomous governments in the area.

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Hilton Young Commission

The Hilton Young Commission was a Commission of Inquiry appointed in 1926 to look into the possible closer union of the British territories in East and Central Africa.

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Historiography of the British Empire

The historiography of the British Empire refers to the studies, sources, critical methods and interpretations used by scholars to develop a history of Britain's empire.

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History of Africa

The history of Africa begins with the emergence of hominids, archaic humans and – around 5.6 to 7.5 million years ago.

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History of Artsakh

Artsakh is located in the southern part of the Lesser Caucasus range, at the eastern edge of the Armenian Highlands, encompassing the highland part of the wider geographical region known as Karabakh.

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History of Bahrain (1783–1971)

The History of Bahrain (1783–1971) covers the history of Bahrain since the invasion of Al Khalifa until the independence from the British Empire.

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History of Basilan

Basilan is an island province of the Philippines.

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History of British nationality law

This article concerns the history of British nationality law.

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History of Central Asia

The history of Central Asia concerns the history of the various peoples that have inhabited Central Asia.

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History of Chad

Chad (تشاد; Tchad), officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in West Africa.

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History of Charleston

The history of Charleston, South Carolina, is one of the longest and most diverse of any community in the United States, spanning hundreds of years of physical settlement beginning in 1670 through modern times.

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History of cricket to 1725

The earliest definite reference to cricket is dated Monday, 17 January 1597 (i.e., an "Old Style" Julian date which is 1598 by modern reckoning under the Gregorian calendar).

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History of Cyprus since 1878

This article is about the history of Cyprus from 1878 to the present.

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History of Djibouti

Djibouti is a country in the Horn of Africa.

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History of Ecuador (1830–1860)

The history of the Republic of Ecuador from 1830 to 1860 begins with the collapse of the nation of Gran Colombia in 1830, followed by the assassination of Antonio José de Sucre and the death of Simón Bolívar from tuberculosis the same year.

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History of French-era Tunisia

The History of French-era Tunisia commenced in 1881 with the French protectorate and ended in 1956 with Tunisian independence.

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History of Gabon

Little is known of the history of Gabon prior to European contact.

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History of Georgia (country)

The nation of Georgia (საქართველო sakartvelo) was first unified as a kingdom under the Bagrationi dynasty by the King Bagrat III of Georgia in the 8th to 9th century, arising from a number of predecessor states of the ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Iberia.

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History of Iran

The history of Iran, commonly also known as Persia in the Western world, is intertwined with the history of a larger region, also to an extent known as Greater Iran, comprising the area from Anatolia, the Bosphorus, and Egypt in the west to the borders of Ancient India and the Syr Darya in the east, and from the Caucasus and the Eurasian Steppe in the north to the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the south.

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History of Islam

The history of Islam concerns the political, social,economic and cultural developments of the Islamic civilization.

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History of Italy

In archaic times, ancient Greeks, Etruscans and Celts established settlements in the south, the centre and the north of Italy respectively, while various Italian tribes and Italic peoples inhabited the Italian peninsula and insular Italy.

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History of Ivory Coast

The date of the first human presence in Ivory Coast (officially called Côte d'Ivoire) has been difficult to determine because human remains have not been well preserved in the country's humid climate.

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History of Japan–Korea relations

For over 15 centuries, the relationship between Japan and Korea was characterized by cultural exchanges, economic trade, political contact and military confrontations, all of which underlie their relations even today.

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History of Korea

The Lower Paleolithic era in the Korean Peninsula began roughly half a million years ago.

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History of Laos

Evidence for modern human presence in the northern and central highlands of Indochina, that constitute the territories of the modern Laotian nation-state dates back to the Lower Paleolithic.

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History of Liberia

Liberia is a country in West Africa which was founded, established, colonized, and controlled by citizens of the United States and ex-Caribbean slaves as a colony for former African American slaves and their free black descendants.

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History of Lithuania

The history of Lithuania dates back to settlements founded many thousands of years ago, but the first written record of the name for the country dates back to 1009 AD.

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History of Macau

Macau is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China.

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History of Minsk

Early East Slavs settled the forested hills of today's Minsk by the 9th century.

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History of Moldova

The history of Moldova can be traced to the 1350s, when the Principality of Moldavia, the medieval precursor of modern Moldova and Romania, was founded.

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History of Morocco

The history of Morocco spans several millennia, succeeding the prehistoric cultures of Jebel Irhoud and Taforalt.

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History of Nicaragua

Nicaragua is the third least densely populated nation in Central America, with a demographic similar in size to its smaller neighbors.

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History of Niue

Niue was first settled by Polynesian sailors from Samoa in around 900 AD.

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History of Oceania

The History of Oceania includes the history of Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Fiji and other Pacific island nations.

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History of Panama (1821–1903)

Panama would remain as a royalist stronghold and outpost until 1821 (the year of Panama's revolution against Spain).

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History of Paris (1946–2000)

At the end of the Second World War, most Parisians were living in misery.

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History of Poland in the Early Modern era (1569–1795)

The early modern era of Polish history follows the late Middle Ages.

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History of Portugal (1777–1834)

The history of the kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves, from the First Treaty of San Ildefonso and the beginning of the reign of Queen Maria I in 1777, to the end of the Liberal Wars in 1834, spans a complex historical period in which several important political and military events led to the end of the absolutist regime and to the installation of a constitutional monarchy in the country.

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History of rail transport in Malawi

The history of rail transport in Malawi began shortly after the turn of the twentieth century.

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History of Sabah

The history of Sabah can be traced back to about 23–30,000 years ago when evidence suggests the earliest human settlement in the region existed.

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History of Sarawak

History of Sarawak can be traced as far as 40,000 years ago paleolithic period where the earliest evidence of human settlements is found in the Niah caves.

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History of Serbia

The history of Serbia covers the historical development of Serbia and of its predecessor states, from the early Stone Age to the present state, as well as that of the Serbian people and of the areas they ruled historically.

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History of Sierra Leone

The history of Sierra Leone began when the land became inhabited by indigenous African peoples at least 2,500 years ago.

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History of Somalia

Somalia (Soomaaliya; الصومال), officially the Federal Republic of Somalia (Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية) and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic, is a country located in the Horn of Africa.

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History of Somaliland

The history of Somaliland, a region in the eastern horn of Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean, Gulf of Aden, and the east African land mass, begins with human habitation tens of thousands of years ago.

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History of Tanzania

The African Great Lakes nation of Tanzania dates formally from 1964, when it was formed out of the union of the much larger mainland territory of Tanganyika and the coastal archipelago of Zanzibar.

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History of the Cook Islands

The Cook Islands are named after Captain James Cook, who visited the islands in 1773 and 1777.

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History of the Jews in Poland

The history of the Jews in Poland dates back over 1,000 years.

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History of the Joseon dynasty

This article explains the history of the Joseon dynasty, which ruled Korea from 1392 to 1897.

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History of the Maldives

The Maldives is a nation consisting of 28 natural atolls, comprising 1194 islands.

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History of the Pacific Islands

History of the Pacific Islands covers the history of the islands in the Pacific Ocean.

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History of Togo

The history of Togo can be traced to archaeological finds which indicate that ancient local tribes were able to produce pottery and process iron.

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History of Tonga

The history of Tonga is recorded since the century after 900 BC, when seafarers associated with the Lapita diaspora first settled the islands which now make up the Kingdom of Tonga.

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History of Transylvania

Transylvania is a historical region in central and northwestern Romania.

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History of Tunisia

The present day Republic of Tunisia, al-Jumhuriyyah at-Tunisiyyah, has over ten million citizens, almost all of Arab-Berber descent.

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History of Tuva

The territory currently known as Tuva has been occupied by various groups throughout its history.

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History of Tuvalu

The first inhabitants of Tuvalu were Polynesians, so that the origins of the people of Tuvalu can be traced to the spread of humans out of Southeast Asia, from Taiwan, via Melanesia and across the Pacific islands of Polynesia.

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History of Uganda (1962–71)

The history of Uganda from 1962 through 1971 comprises the history of Uganda from Ugandan independence from the United Kingdom to the rise of the dictator Idi Amin.

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History of United States diplomatic relations by country

This is a summary history of diplomatic relations of the United States listed by country.

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History of Uzbekistan

In the first millennium BC, Iranian nomads established irrigation systems along the rivers of Central Asia and built towns at Bukhara and Samarqand.

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History of Vietnam

Vietnam's recorded history stretches back to the mid-to-late 3rd century BCE, when Âu Lạc and Nanyue (Nam Việt in Vietnamese) were established (Nanyue conquered Âu Lạc in 179 BCE).

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History of Western Sahara

The history of Western Sahara can be traced back to the times of Carthaginian explorer Hanno the Navigator in the 5th century BC.

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History of Xinjiang

The recorded history of the area now known as Xinjiang dates to the 2nd millennium BC.

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History of Zambia

This article deals with the history of the country now called Zambia from prehistoric times to the present.

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History of Zanzibar

People have lived in Zanzibar for 20,000 years.

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Hobyo

Hobyo (Hobyo, also known as Obbia), is an ancient port city in Galmudug state in the north-central Mudug region of Somalia.

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Holetown

Holetown (UN/LOCODE: BB HLT), is a small town located in the Caribbean island nation of Barbados.

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Holkar

The Holkar dynasty was a Hindu Maratha royal house in India.

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Home rule

Home rule is government of a colony, dependent country, or region by its own citizens.

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Hope Cooke

Hope Cooke (born June 24, 1940) is an American woman who was the "Gyalmo" (Queen Consort) of the 12th Chogyal (King) of Sikkim, Palden Thondup Namgyal.

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Horn of Africa

The Horn of Africa is a peninsula in East Africa that juts into the Guardafui Channel, lying along the southern side of the Gulf of Aden and the southwest Red Sea.

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House of Yi

The House of Yi or Korean Imperial Household, also called the Yi Dynasty or known as Yi clan of Jeonju, was the household of Joseon and the Korean Empire, consisting of the descendants of Yi Seonggye, the founder of Joseon, known by his posthumous name, Taejo ("highest ancestor").

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Hubert Lyautey

Louis Hubert Gonzalve Lyautey (17 November 1854 – 21 July 1934) was a French Army general and colonial administrator.

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Hudur

Hudur (Xuddur) is a town in the south Western Bakool region of Somalia.

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Hugh Norman-Walker

Sir Hugh Selby Norman-Walker (17 December 1916 – 28 August 1985) was a British colonial official.

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Hulu Perak District

The Hulu Perak District is a district in Perak, Malaysia.

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Hussein Kamel of Egypt

Sultan Hussein Kamel (السلطان حسين كامل, Sultan Hüseyin Kamil Paşa; November 1853 – 9 October 1917) was the Sultan of Egypt from 19 December 1914 to 9 October 1917, during the British protectorate over Egypt.

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I treni di Tozeur

"I treni di Tozeur" ("The trains of Tozeur") is an Italian song, written by Franco Battiato, Saro Cosentino and Giusto Pio.

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I. H. N. Evans

Ivor Hugh Norman Evans (1886–1957) was a British anthropologist, ethnographer and archaeologist who spent most of his working life in peninsular British Malaya (now Malaysia) and in North Borneo (now Sabah, Malaysia).

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Ibadan

Ibadan is the capital and most populous city of Oyo State, Nigeria.

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Ibrahim Nasir

Ibrahim Nasir Rannabandeyri Kilegefan (އިބްރާހިމް ނާޞިރު ރަންނަބަނޑޭރި ކިލޭގެފާނު.), KCMG, NGIV (Nishan Ghaazeege 'Izzatheri Veriya, ނިޝާން ޣާޒީގެ ޢިއްޒަތްތެރި ވެރިޔާ.) (Insignia of the Most Distinguished Order of Ghazi) (September 2, 1926 – November 22, 2008) was a Maldivian politician who served as Prime Minister of the Maldives under Sultan Muhammad Fareed Didi from December 1957 to 1968 and succeeded him to become the first President of the Second Republic from 1968 to 1978.

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Idris Shah I of Perak

Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah I Ibni Almarhum Raja Bendahara Alang Iskandar Teja, GCMG GCVO (19 June 1849 - 14 January 1916) was the 28th Sultan of Perak.

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Ilija Garašanin

Ilija Garašanin (Илија Гарашанин; 28 January 1812 – 22 June 1874) was a Serbian statesman, serving as Interior Minister and Prime Minister (1861–1867).

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Imperial Russian Navy

The Imperial Russian Navy was the navy of the Russian Empire.

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Independence

Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state in which its residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over the territory.

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Independent State of Croatia

The Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH; Unabhängiger Staat Kroatien; Stato Indipendente di Croazia) was a World War II fascist puppet state of Germany and Italy.

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India–Tanzania relations

India–Tanzania relations refers to the current and historical relations between India and Tanzania.

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Indian barrier state

The Indian barrier state or buffer state was a British proposal to establish a Native American state in the portion of the Great Lakes region of North America west of the Appalachian Mountains, and bounded by the Ohio and Mississippi rivers and the Great Lakes.

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Indian nationality law

The conferment of a person, as a citizen of India, is governed by Articles 5 to 11 (Part II) of the Constitution of India.

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Indirect rule

Indirect rule is a system of government used by the British and French to control parts of their colonial empires, particularly in Africa and Asia, through pre-existing local power structures.

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International city

An international city is an autonomous or semi-autonomous city-state that is separate from the direct supervision of any single nation-state.

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International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children

The International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children is a 1921 multilateral treaty of the League of Nations that addressed the problem of international trafficking of women and children.

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International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia

Abkhazia and South Ossetia are partially recognised republics in the Caucasus, claiming independence from Georgia.

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International relations (1919–1939)

International relations (1919–1939) covers the main interactions shaping world history in this era, with emphasis on diplomacy and economic relations.

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Invasion of Algiers in 1830

The Invasion of Algiers in 1830 was a large-scale military operation by which the Kingdom of France, ruled by Charles X, invaded and conquered the Ottoman Regency of Algiers.

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Ion Antonescu

Ion Antonescu (– June 1, 1946) was a Romanian soldier and authoritarian politician who, as the Prime Minister and Conducător during most of World War II, presided over two successive wartime dictatorships.

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Ionian Bank

The Ionian Bank (IB) was a British overseas bank that investors established in 1839 to operate in the Ionian Isles, which was then a British Protectorate.

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Irish nationalism

Irish nationalism is an ideology which asserts that the Irish people are a nation.

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Italian East Africa

Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana) was an Italian colony in the Horn of Africa.

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Italian Empire

The Italian Empire (Impero Italiano) comprised the colonies, protectorates, concessions, dependencies and trust territories of the Kingdom of Italy and, after 1946, the Italian Republic.

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Italian Eritrea

Italian Eritrea was a colony of the Kingdom of Italy in the territory of present-day Eritrea.

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Italian guerrilla war in Ethiopia

The Italian guerrilla war in Ethiopia was a conflict fought from the summer of 1941 to the autumn of 1943 by remnants of Italian troops in Ethiopia, in what had been the short-lived attempt to incorporate Ethiopia as part of Italian East Africa.

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Italian Libya

Italian Libya (Libia Italiana; ليبيا الإيطالية) was a unified colony of Italian North Africa (Africa Settentrionale Italiana, or ASI) established in 1934 in what is now modern Libya.

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Italian protectorate over Albania

The Italian protectorate over Albania was established by the Kingdom of Italy during World War I in an effort to secure a de jure independent Albania under Italian control.

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Italian Somaliland

Italian Somaliland (Somalia italiana, الصومال الإيطالي Al-Sumal Al-Italiy, Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya), also known as Italian Somalia, was a colony of the Kingdom of Italy in present-day northeastern, central and southern Somalia.

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Italian Somalis

Italian Somalis (Italo-Somali) are Somali descendants from Italian colonists, as well as long-term Italian residents in Somalia.

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Italy–Yugoslavia relations

Italy–Yugoslavia relations are the cultural and political relations between Italy and Yugoslavia in the 20th century, since the creation of Yugoslavia in 1918 until its dissolution in 1992.

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Itō Hirobumi

Prince was a Japanese statesman and genrō.

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Ithaca

Ithaca, Ithaki or Ithaka (Greek: Ιθάκη, Ithakē) is a Greek island located in the Ionian Sea, off the northeast coast of Kefalonia and to the west of continental Greece.

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Ivory Coast

Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire and officially as the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a sovereign state located in West Africa.

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Iwao Yamazaki

was a lawyer, politician and cabinet minister in the early Shōwa period of Japan.

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Jacques de Morgan

Jean-Jacques de Morgan (3 June 1857, Huisseau-sur-Cosson, Loir-et-Cher – 14 June 1924) was a French mining engineer, geologist, and archaeologist.

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Jacques Duchesne

General Jacques Charles René Achille Duchesne (3 March 1837 – 27 April 1918) was a 19th-century French military officer.

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James G. Blaine

James Gillespie Blaine (January 31, 1830January 27, 1893) was an American statesman and Republican politician who represented Maine in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1863 to 1876, serving as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1869 to 1875, and then in the United States Senate from 1876 to 1881.

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Jan Ellis

Jan Hendrik Ellis (5 January 1942 – 8 February 2013) was a South African rugby union player who represented the Springboks in 38 tests, which at his retirement in 1976 was a record.

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Jane Goodall

Dame Jane Morris Goodall (born Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall, 3 April 1934), formerly Baroness Jane van Lawick-Goodall, is a British primatologist and anthropologist.

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January 1910

The following events occurred in January 1910.

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January 1911

The following events occurred in January 1911.

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January 1946

The following events occurred in January 1946.

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Japan during World War I

Japan participated in World War I from 1914 to 1918 in an alliance with Entente Powers and played an important role in securing the sea lanes in the West Pacific and Indian Oceans against the Imperial German Navy.

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Japan–Korea disputes

There have been disputes between Japan and Korea (both North and South) on numerous issues over the years.

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Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905

The Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905, also known as the Eulsa Treaty, Eulsa Unwilling Treaty or Japan–Korea Protectorate Treaty, was made between the Empire of Japan and the Korean Empire in 1905.

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Japan–Korea Treaty of 1907

The Japan–Korea Treaty of 1907 was made between the Empire of Japan and the Korean Empire in 1907.

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Japanese colonial empire

The Japanese colonial empire constituted the overseas colonies established by Imperial Japan in the Western Pacific and East Asia region from 1895.

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Japanese occupation of Cambodia

The Japanese occupation of Cambodia was the period of Cambodian history during World War II when the Kingdom of Cambodia was occupied by the Japanese.

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Japanese Resident-General of Korea

When Korea was a protectorate of the Empire of Japan, Japan was represented by the Resident-General.

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Jasenovac concentration camp

The Jasenovac concentration camp (Logor Jasenovac/Логор Јасеновац,; יאסענאוואץ) was an extermination camp established in Slavonia by the authorities of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) during World War II.

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Jean Alexandre Vaillant

Jean Alexandre Vaillant (1804 - 21 March 1886) was a French and Romanian teacher, political activist, historian, linguist and translator, who was noted for his activities in Wallachia and his support for the 1848 Wallachian Revolution.

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Jean-Baptiste Dutrou-Bornier

Jean-Baptiste Onésime Dutrou-Bornier (19 November 1834 – 6 August 1876) was a French mariner who settled on Easter Island in 1868, purchased much of the island, removed many of the Rapa Nui people and turned the island into a sheep ranch.

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Jewish diaspora

The Jewish diaspora (Hebrew: Tfutza, תְּפוּצָה) or exile (Hebrew: Galut, גָּלוּת; Yiddish: Golus) is the dispersion of Israelites, Judahites and later Jews out of their ancestral homeland (the Land of Israel) and their subsequent settlement in other parts of the globe.

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Jiandao

Jiandao or Chientao, known in Korean as Gando or Kando, is a historical border region along the north bank of the Tumen River in Jilin province, Northeast China that has a high population of ethnic Koreans.

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Jilib

Jilib (other names: Gilib, Gelib, Jillib, Jillio) is a town in Somalia, with an estimated population of approximately 125.000 Mainly subclan of Darod Marehan and other minority clans.

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Joachim von Ribbentrop

Ulrich Friedrich Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop (30 April 1893 – 16 October 1946), more commonly known as Joachim von Ribbentrop, was Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany from 1938 until 1945.

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John Beaumont, 1st Viscount Beaumont

John Beaumont, 1st Viscount Beaumont (c. 1409–1460), was an English nobleman and magnate from Folkingham, Lincolnshire.

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John Bernhard Leiberg

John Bernhard Leiberg (1853–1913) was a Swedish botanical explorer, forester, and bryologist in the northwestern United States.

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John Buchanan (settler)

John Buchanan (1855–1896), was a Scottish horticulturist who went to Central Africa, now Malawi, in 1876 as a lay member of the missionary party that established Blantyre Mission.

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John Henry Vaughan

John Henry Vaughan MC KC (Fiji) (9 February 1892 – 16 April 1965) was a lawyer and ornithologist who served as Attorney General of Zanzibar and later as Attorney General of Fiji.

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John Kourkouas

John Kourkouas (Ἰωάννης Κουρκούας, fl. circa 915–946), also transliterated as Kurkuas or Curcuas, was one of the most important generals of the Byzantine Empire.

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John L. Stevens

John Leavitt Stevens (August 1, 1820 – February 8, 1895) was the United States Minister to the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1893 when he was accused of conspiring to overthrow Queen Liliuokalani in association with the Committee of Safety, led by Lorrin A. Thurston and Sanford B. Dole – the first Americans attempting to overthrow a foreign government under the auspices of a United States government officer.

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John Mackenzie (missionary)

John Mackenzie (30 August 183523 March 1899) was a Scottish Christian missionary who worked in Southern Africa, and who argued for the rights of the native Africans.

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John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu

John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu (c. 1431 – 14 April 1471) was a major magnate of fifteenth-century England.

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John Owen (Royalist)

Sir John Owen of Clenennau (1600–1666) was a Welsh Royalist officer during the English Civil War, who was described as "a plain gentleman who would always obey the orders of the King".

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John Ross (Cherokee chief)

John Ross (October 3, 1790 – August 1, 1866), also known as Koo-wi-s-gu-wi (meaning in Cherokee: "Mysterious Little White Bird"), was the Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation from 1828–1866, serving longer in this position than any other person.

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Johor Sultanate

The Sultanate of Johor (or sometimes Johor-Riau or Johor-Riau-Lingga or Johor Empire) was founded by Malaccan Sultan Mahmud Shah's son, Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II in 1528.

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Jordan

Jordan (الْأُرْدُنّ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River.

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José Santos Zelaya

José Santos Zelaya López (1 November 1853 Managua – 17 May 1919 New York City) was the President of Nicaragua from 25 July 1893 to 21 December 1909.

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Joseon

The Joseon dynasty (also transcribed as Chosŏn or Chosun, 조선; officially the Kingdom of Great Joseon, 대조선국) was a Korean dynastic kingdom that lasted for approximately five centuries.

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Joseph (Ignatius) Shanahan

Joseph Shanahan B.Sc., C.S.Sp.

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Jowhar

Jowhar (Jowhaar, جوهر, Giohar, formerly Villaggio Duca degli Abruzzi or simply Villabruzzi) is the capital city of Hirshabelle state of Somalia.

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Jozef Tiso

Jozef Tiso (13 October 1887 –18 April 1947) was a Slovak politician and Roman Catholic priest who governed the Slovak Republic from 1939 to 1945, a satellite state of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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Jubaland

Jubaland (Jubbaland, جوبالاند), the Juba Valley (Dooxada Jubba) or Azania (Asaaniya, آزانيا), is an autonomous region in southern Somalia.

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Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire

Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire (19 August 1805 – 24 November 1895) was a French philosopher, journalist, statesman, and possible illegitimate son of Napoleon I of France.

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Jules Ferry

Jules François Camille Ferry (5 April 183217 March 1893) was a French statesman and republican.

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June 1909

The following events occurred in June 1909.

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June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina

In June 1941, Serbs in eastern Herzegovina rebelled against the authorities of the Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH), an Axis puppet state established during World War II on the territory of the defeated and occupied Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

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June 1961

The following events occurred in June 1961.

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Jurisprudential reception

In the legal theory, reception is chiefly defined as the transfer of a legal phenomenon 'of a different legal culture', other area or other period of time 'to a new legal climate'.

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Kanoo

Kanoo (Arabic: كانو) is the family name of an Arab business family, controlling the Yusuf Bin Ahmed Kanoo Group.

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Kapelwa Sikota

Kapelwa Sikota (1928–2006) was the first Zambian registered nurse, in the 1950s when her country was still the British protectorate of Northern Rhodesia.

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Kara Mustafa Pasha

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha (مرزيفونلى قره مصطفى پاشا, Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Paşa; "Mustafa Pasha the Courageous of Merzifon"; 1634/1635 – 25 December 1683) was an Ottoman military commander and Grand Vizier, who was a central character in the Ottoman Empire's last attempts at expansion into both Central and Eastern Europe.

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Karain semi-continent

The Karain semi-continent is a fictional landmass of almost-continental size, featured in the novel Islandia by Austin Tappan Wright, as well as several of his other writings, such as "The Story of Alwina." Mark Saxton, Wright's editor, also wrote three sequel novels set in Islandia.

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Kaymakam

Qaim Maqam, Qaimaqam or Kaymakam (also spelled kaimakam and caimacam; قائم مقام, "sub-governor") is the title used for the governor of a provincial district in the Republic of Turkey, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and in Lebanon; additionally, it was a title used for roughly the same official position in the Ottoman Empire.

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Kazakh Khanate

The Kazakh Khanate (Қазақ Хандығы, Qazaq Handyǵy, قازاق حاندىعى) was a successor of the Golden Horde existing from the 15th to 19th century, located roughly on the territory of the present-day Republic of Kazakhstan.

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Kazembe

Kazembe is a traditional kingdom in modern-day Zambia.

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Këshilla

Këshilla (literally meaning "Council" in Albanian; translit) was an Albanian administration in Thesprotia, Greece, during the Axis occupation of Greece (1942-1944).

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Kemeraltı

Kemeraltı (more fully, Kemeraltı Çarşısı) is a historical market (bazaar) district of İzmir, Turkey.

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Keshava Rama Varma

Kesava Rama Verma was the Maharaja of the medieval Kingdom of Cochin which was situated in modern day India, and was at the time a Portuguese Protectorate.

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Ketuanan Melayu

Ketuanan Melayu (Jawi script: كتوانان ملايو; literally "Malay dominance") is a political concept emphasising Malay preeminence in present-day Malaysia.

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Kewal Singh

Kewal Singh (1915–1991) was an Indian diplomat, Foreign Secretary and India's ambassador to the USSR, Pakistan and USA.

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Khanate of Khiva

The Khanate of Khiva (Xiva xonligi, خانات خیوه) was a Central Asian Turkic state that existed in the historical region of Khwarezm from 1511 to 1920, except for a period of Afsharid occupation by Nadir Shah between 1740 and 1746.

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Khanate of Kokand

The Khanate of Kokand (Qo‘qon Xonligi, Қўқон Хонлиги, قۇقان خانلىگى; Qoqon xandığı, قوقون حاندىعى; Xânâte Xuqand) was a Central Asian state in Fergana Valley that existed from 1709–1876 within the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan, eastern Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, and southeastern Kazakhstan.

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Khangchenné

Khangchenné Sonam Gyalpo (died 5 August 1727) was the first important representative of the noble house Gashi in Tibet.

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Khedive

The term Khedive (خدیو Hıdiv) is a title largely equivalent to the English word viceroy.

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Khiva

Khiva (Xiva/Хива, خىۋا; خیوه,; alternative or historical names include Khorasam, Khoresm, Khwarezm, Khwarizm, Khwarazm, Chorezm, and خوارزم) is a city of approximately 50,000 people located in Xorazm Region, Uzbekistan.

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Khwarezm

Khwarezm, or Chorasmia (خوارزم, Xvârazm) is a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia, bordered on the north by the (former) Aral Sea, on the east by the Kyzylkum desert, on the south by the Karakum desert, and on the west by the Ustyurt Plateau.

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Kingdom of Africa

The Kingdom of Africa was an extension of the frontier zone of the Siculo-Norman state in the former Roman province of Africa (Ifrīqiya in Tunisian Arabic), corresponding to Tunisia and parts of Algeria and Libya today.

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Kingdom of Champasak

The Kingdom of Champasak (Lao: ຈຳປາສັກ) or Bassac, (1713–1946) was a Lao kingdom under Nokasad, a grandson of King Sourigna Vongsa, the last king of Lan Xang; and son-in-law of the Cambodian King Chey Chettha IV.

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Kingdom of Cochin

Kingdom of Cochin (also known as Perumpadappu Swaroopam, Mada-rajyam, or Kuru Swaroopam; Kocci or Perumpaṭappu) was a late medieval Hindu kingdom and later princely state on the Malabar Coast, South India.

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Kingdom of Finland (1918)

The Kingdom of Finland (Suomen kuningaskunta; Konungariket Finland) was an abortive attempt to establish a monarchy in Finland following Finland's independence from Russia.

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Kingdom of France

The Kingdom of France (Royaume de France) was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Western Europe.

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Kingdom of Hejaz

The Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz (المملكة الحجازية الهاشمية, Al-Mamlakah al-Ḥijāzyah Al-Hāshimīyah) was a state in the Hejaz region in the Middle East ruled by the Hashemite dynasty.

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Kingdom of Italy under Fascism (1922–1943)

Fascist Italy is the era of National Fascist Party government from 1922 to 1943 with Benito Mussolini as head of government.

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Kingdom of Kandy

The Kingdom of Kandy was an independent monarchy of the island of Sri Lanka, located in the central and eastern portion of the island.

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Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti

The Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (ქართლ-კახეთის სამეფო) (1762–1801) was created in 1762 by the unification of two eastern Georgian kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti.

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Kingdom of Laos

The Kingdom of Laos was a constitutional monarchy that ruled Laos beginning with its independence on 9 November 1953.

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Kingdom of Rarotonga

The Kingdom of Rarotonga, (Mātāmuatanga Rarotonga) named after the island of Rarotonga, was an independent kingdom established in the present-day Cook Islands in 1858.

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Kingdom of Reman

The Kingdom of Reman or Kingdom of Rahman (Kerajaan Reman; Jawi: كراجأن رمان) was a landlocked traditional Malay kingdom established in the northern Malay Peninsular.

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Kingdom of Sanwi

Kingdom of Sanwi is a traditional kingdom located in the south-east corner of the Republic of Ivory Coast in West Africa.

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Kingdom of Sarawak

The Kingdom of Sarawak (also known as the State of Sarawak) was a British protectorate located in the northwestern part of the island of Borneo.

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Kingdom of Sikkim

The Kingdom of Sikkim (Classical Tibetan and འབྲས་ལྗོངས། Drenjong), earlier known as Dremoshong (Classical Tibetan and འབྲས་མོ་གཤོངས།, official name until 1800s), was a hereditary monarchy from 1642 to 16 May 1975 in the Eastern Himalayas.

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Kingdom of Sus

The Kingdom of Sus was the name given to the southwestern part of Morocco before the establishment of the French and the Spanish protectorates, with its capital at Taroudannt.

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Kingdom of Tahiti

The Kingdom of Tahiti was founded by paramount chief Pōmare I, who, with the aid of English missionaries and traders, and European weaponry, unified the islands of Tahiti, Moʻorea, Tetiaroa, Mehetia and at its peak included the Tuamotus, Tubuai, Raivavae and other islands of eastern Polynesia.

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Kingdom of Tonga (1900–70)

From 1900 to 1970, the Kingdom of Tonga was a Protected State of the United Kingdom.

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Kiribati dollar

The dollar is the currency of Kiribati.

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Kismayo

Kismayo (Kismaayo; كيسمايو,; Italian: Chisimaio) is a port city in the southern Lower Juba (Jubbada Hoose) province of Somalia.

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Klaipėda

Klaipėda (Samogitian name: Klaipieda, Polish name: Kłajpeda, German name: Memel), is a city in Lithuania on the Baltic Sea coast.

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Klang War

The Klang War or Selangor Civil War was a series of conflicts that lasted from 1867 to 1874 in the Malay state of Selangor.

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Klein Vrystaat

Klein Vrystaat (Afrikaans for "Little Free State") was a short-lived Boer republic in what is now South Africa (around the town of Piet Retief).

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Košice

Košice is the largest city in eastern Slovakia and in 2013 was the European Capital of Culture (together with Marseille, France).

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Kolombangara

Kolombangara (sometimes spelled Kulambangara) is an island in the New Georgia Islands group of the Solomon Islands in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Korea under Japanese rule

Korea under Japanese rule began with the end of the short-lived Korean Empire in 1910 and ended at the conclusion of World War II in 1945.

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Korean Empire

The Great Korean Empire was proclaimed in October 1897 by Emperor Gojong of the Joseon dynasty, under pressure after the Donghak Peasant Revolution of 1894 to 1895 and the Gabo Reforms that swept the country from 1894 to 1896.

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Korean independence movement

The Korean independence movement was a military and diplomatic campaign to achieve the independence of Korea from Japan.

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Korean War

The Korean War (in South Korean, "Korean War"; in North Korean, "Fatherland: Liberation War"; 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953) was a war between North Korea (with the support of China and the Soviet Union) and South Korea (with the principal support of the United States).

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Korkyra (polis)

Korkyra (also Corcyra; Κόρκυρα, Kórkyra) was an ancient Greek city on the island of Corfu in the Ionian sea, adjacent to Epirus.

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Krujë

Krujë (Kruja, see also the etymology section) is a town and a municipality in north central Albania.

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Ksar el-Kebir

El-Ksar el Kebir (Arabic: القصر الكبير; Berber: ⵍⵇⵚⵔ ⵍⴽⴱⵉⵔ) is a city in northwest Morocco, about 160 km from Rabat, 32 km from Larache and 110 km from Tangier.

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Kuwait–Russia relations

Kuwait–Russia relations is the bilateral relationship between the two countries, Kuwait and Russia.

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Kythira

Kythira (Κύθηρα, also transliterated as Cythera, Kythera and Kithira) is an island in Greece lying opposite the south-eastern tip of the Peloponnese peninsula.

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L'huomo di lettere

L'huomo di lettere difeso ed emendato (Rome, 1645) by the Ferrarese Jesuit Daniello Bartoli (1608-1685) is a two-part treatise on the man of letters bringing together material he had assembled over twenty years since his entry in 1623 into the Society of Jesus as a brilliant student, a successful teacher of rhetoric and a celebrated preacher.

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La Güera

La Güera (also known as La Agüera, Lagouira, or El Gouera) (الكويرة) is a ghost town on the Atlantic coast at the southern tip of Western Sahara, on the western side of the Ras Nouadhibou peninsula, west of Nouadhibou.

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Lagos

Lagos is a city in the Nigerian state of Lagos.

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Lake Mweru

Lake Mweru (also spelled Mwelu, Mwero) is a freshwater lake on the longest arm of Africa's second-longest river, the Congo.

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Langa Langa Lagoon

Langa Langa Lagoon or Akwalaafu is a natural lagoon on the West coast of Malaita near the provincial capital Auki within the Solomon Islands.

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Languages of Fiji

Fiji has three official languages under the 1997 constitution (and not revoked by the 2013 Constitution): English, Fijian and Hindi.

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Languages of Monaco

The official language of Monaco is French.

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Lao Issara

The Lao Issara (“Free Laos”) was an anti-French, non-communist nationalist movement formed on October 12, 1945 by Prince Phetsarath.

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Laos–Thailand relations

Laos and Thailand have had bilateral relations for the most part of history.

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Latin American culture

Latin American culture is the formal or informal expression of the people of Latin America and includes both high culture (literature and high art) and popular culture (music, folk art, and dance) as well as religion and other customary practices.

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Law of Tuvalu

The Law of Tuvalu comprises the legislation voted into law by the Parliament of Tuvalu and statutory instruments that become law; certain Acts passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom (during the time Tuvalu was either a British protectorate or British colony); the common law; and customary law (particularly in relation to the ownership of land).

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Lány (Kladno District)

Lány is a village in the Czech Republic, west of Prague, in Central Bohemian Region, outside the main road towards Karlovy Vary.

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Léonce Lagarde

Léonce Lagarde, comte de Rouffeyroux, duke of Enttoto (1860 in Lempdes (Haute-Loire) – 15 February 1936 in Paris) was a French colonial governor of French Somaliland and ambassador.

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Lê Quang Tung

Colonel Lê Quang Tung (1923 – 1 November 1963) was the commander of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam Special Forces under the command of Ngô Đình Nhu.

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Lüderitz Bay

Lüderitz Bay or Lüderitzbaai (Lüderitzbucht), also known as Angra Pequena ("small cove"), is a bay in the coast of Namibia, Africa.

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Le Bardo

Le Bardo (الباردو also Bārdaw, Bardaw, and Bardois) is a Tunisian city west of Tunis.

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League of Nations mandate

A League of Nations mandate was a legal status for certain territories transferred from the control of one country to another following World War I, or the legal instruments that contained the internationally agreed-upon terms for administering the territory on behalf of the League of Nations.

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Lesotho

Lesotho officially the Kingdom of Lesotho ('Muso oa Lesotho), is an enclaved country in southern Africa.

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Lesotho–South Africa border

The border between Lesotho and South Africa is long and forms a complete loop, as Lesotho is an enclave entirely surrounded by South Africa.

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Lewanika

Lewanika (1842–1916) (also known as Lubosi, Lubosi Lewanika or Lewanika I) was the Lozi Litunga (king or paramount chief) of Barotseland from 1878 to 1916 (with a break in 1884-5).

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Liberal Revolution of 1820

The Liberal Revolution of 1820 (Revolução Liberal) was a Portuguese political revolution that erupted in 1820.

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Liberalism in Egypt

Liberalism in Egypt or Egyptian liberalism is a political ideology that traces its beginnings to the 19th century.

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Liberation Army of Preševo, Medveđa and Bujanovac

The Liberation Army of Preševo, Medveđa and Bujanovac (Ushtria Çlirimtare e Preshevës, Medvegjës dhe Bujanocit, UÇPMB) was an Albanian militant group fighting for separation from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia for three municipalities: Preševo, Bujanovac, and Medveđa, home to most of the Albanians in south Serbia, adjacent to Kosovo.

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Liberian Declaration of Independence

The Liberian Declaration of Independence is a document adopted by the Liberian Constitutional Convention on July 16, 1847 to announce that the Commonwealth of Liberia, a colony founded and controlled by the private American Colonization Society, was now an independent state known as the Republic of Liberia.

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List of African territories and states by date of colonization

This is a list of the dates when African states were made colonies or protectorates of European powers and lost their independence.

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List of ambassadors of the United States to Cambodia

This is a list of Ambassadors of the United States to Cambodia.

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List of ambassadors of the United States to Czechoslovakia

Following the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918 at the end of World War I, the Czechs, and Slovaks united to form the new nation of Czechoslovakia.

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List of ambassadors of the United States to Djibouti

This is a list of Ambassadors from the United States to the Republic of Djibouti.

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List of ambassadors of the United States to Equatorial Guinea

The United States has maintained diplomatic ties to Equatorial Guinea since independence in 1968.

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List of ambassadors of the United States to Swaziland

This is a list of Ambassadors of the United States to Swaziland.

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List of British colonial gazettes

This is a list of official government gazettes for current and former British colonies or protectorates.

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List of colonial governors and administrators of British Cyprus

The following is a list of colonial governors and administrators of British Cyprus.

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List of former European colonies

This is a list of former European colonies.

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List of former German colonies

This is a list of former German colonies and protectorates (Schutzgebiete) established by the German Empire, Brandenburg-Prussia and the Habsburg Monarchy.

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List of former national capitals

Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist, the capital was moved, or the capital city was renamed.

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List of forms of government

In democracies, large proportions of the population may vote, either to make decisions or to choose representatives to make decisions.

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List of French possessions and colonies

During the 19th and 20th centuries, the French colonial empire was the second largest colonial empire behind the British Empire; it extended over of land at its height in the 1920s and 1930s.

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List of governors in the Viceroyalty of New Spain

Governors in the various provinces of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. In addition to governors, the following list (under construction) intends to give an overview of colonial units of the provincial level; therefore it also includes some offices of similar rank, especially the intendant.

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List of governors of dependent territories in the 15th century

;Territorial governors in the 16th century – Colonial and territorial governors by year This is a list of territorial governors in the 15th century (1401–1500) AD, such as the administrators of colonies, protectorates, or other dependencies.

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List of governors of dependent territories in the 16th century

;Territorial governors in the 15th century – Territorial governors in the 17th century – Colonial and territorial governors by year This is a list of territorial governors in the 16th century (1501–1600) AD, such as the administrators of colonies, protectorates, or other dependencies.

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List of governors of dependent territories in the 17th century

;Territorial governors in the 16th century – Territorial governors in the 18th century – Colonial and territorial governors by year This is a list of territorial governors in the 17th century (1601–1700) AD, such as the administrators of colonies, protectorates, or other dependencies.

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List of governors of dependent territories in the 18th century

;Territorial governors in the 17th century – Territorial governors in the 19th century – Colonial and territorial governors by year This is a list of territorial governors in the 18th century (1701–1800) AD, such as the administrators of colonies, protectorates, or other dependencies.

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List of governors of dependent territories in the 19th century

;Territorial governors in the 18th century – Territorial governors in the 20th century – Colonial and territorial governors by year This is a list of territorial governors in the 19th century (1801–1900), such as the administrators of colonies, protectorates, or other dependencies.

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List of governors of dependent territories in the 20th century

;Territorial governors in the 19th century – Territorial governors in the 21st century – Colonial and territorial governors by year This is a list of territorial governors in the 20th century (1901–2000) AD, such as the administrators of colonies, protectorates, or other dependencies.

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List of governors of dependent territories in the 21st century

;Territorial governors in the 20th century – Current leaders of dependent territories – Current dependent territory leaders – Colonial and territorial governors by year This is a list of territorial governors in the 21st century (2001–present) AD, such as the administrators of colonies, protectorates, or other dependencies.

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List of Greek and Latin roots in English/T

Category:Lists of words.

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List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Brunei

The High Commissioner from the United Kingdom to Brunei is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in Brunei, and in charge of the UK's diplomatic mission in Brunei.

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List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Cyprus

The High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Cyprus is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of Cyprus.

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List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Malaya

In 1896, the post of High Commissioner for the Federated Malay States was created; the High Commissioner represented the British Government in the Federated Malay States, a federation of four British protected states in Malaya.

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List of historic Greek countries and regions

This is a list of Greek countries and regions throughout history.

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List of Japanese Residents-General of Korea

This is a list of Japanese Residents-General of Korea when it was a protectorate of Japanese rule.

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List of Latin words with English derivatives

This is a list of Latin words with derivatives in English (and other modern languages).

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List of Lord High Commissioners of the Ionian Islands

The Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands was the local representative of the British government in the United States of the Ionian Islands between 1816 and 1864, succeeding the earlier office of the Civil Commissioner of the Ionian Islands.

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List of Medal of Honor recipients

The Medal of Honor was created during the American Civil War and is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government to a member of its armed forces.

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List of members of the United Nations Security Council

Membership of the United Nations Security Council is held by the five permanent members and ten elected, non-permanent members.

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List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty

Monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty reigned over Egypt from 1805 to 1953.

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List of One Piece characters

The One Piece manga and anime series features an extensive cast of characters created by Eiichiro Oda.

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List of political families in the United Kingdom

During its history, the United Kingdom (and previously the Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland and Kingdom of Ireland) has seen many families who have repeatedly produced notable politicians, and consequently such families have had a significant impact on politics in the British Isles.

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List of predecessors of sovereign states in Europe

This is a list of all present sovereign states in Europe and their predecessors.

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List of predecessors of sovereign states in Oceania

This is a list of all present sovereign states in Oceania and their predecessors.

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List of proposed state mergers

This is a list of proposed state mergers, including both current and historical proposals originating from sovereign states or organizations.

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List of rulers of Oman

The Sultan of the Sultanate of Oman is the monarch and head of state of Oman.

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List of sovereign states by date of formation

Below is a list of sovereign states with the dates of their formation (date of their independence or of their constitution), sorted by continent.

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List of sovereign states in 1914

This is a list of every sovereign state that existed in the year 1914 and their capitals.

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List of sovereign states in 1915

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1916

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1917

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1918

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1919

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1920

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1921

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1922

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1923

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1924

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1925

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1926

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1927

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1928

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1929

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1930

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1931

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1932

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1933

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1934

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1935

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1936

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1937

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1938

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1939

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1940

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1941

This is a list of every sovereign state that existed in the year 1941 and their capitals.

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List of sovereign states in 1942

This is a list of every sovereign state that existed in the year 1942 and their capitals.

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List of sovereign states in 1943

This is a list of every sovereign state that existed in the year 1943 and their capitals.

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List of sovereign states in 1944

This is a list of every sovereign state that existed in the year 1944 and their capitals.

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List of sovereign states in 1945

This is a list of every sovereign state that existed in the year 1945 AD and their capitals.

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List of sovereign states in 1946

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1947

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1948

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1949

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1950

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1951

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1952

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1953

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1954

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1955

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1956

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1957

No description.

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List of sovereign states in the 1920s

This is a list of sovereign states in the 1920s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1920 and 31 December 1929.

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List of sovereign states in the 1930s

This is a list of sovereign states in the 1930s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1930 and 31 December 1939.

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List of sovereign states in the 1950s

This is a list of sovereign states in the 1950s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1950 and 31 December 1959.

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List of sovereign states in the 1960s

This is a list of sovereign states in the 1960s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1960 and 31 December 1969.

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List of sovereign states in the 1970s

This is a list of sovereign states in the 1970s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1970 and 31 December 1979.

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List of sovereign states in the 1980s

This is a list of sovereign states in the 1980s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 1989.

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List of state leaders in 1971

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1972

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1973

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1974

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1975

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1976

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1977

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1978

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1979

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1980

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1981

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1982

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1983

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List of state leaders in the 15th century

;State leaders in the 14th century – State leaders in the 16th century – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 15th century (1401–1500) AD.

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List of state leaders in the 16th century

;State leaders in the 15th century – State leaders in the 17th century – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 16th century (1501–1600) AD.

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List of state leaders in the 17th century

;State leaders in the 16th century – State leaders in the 18th century – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 17th century (1601–1700) AD, such as the heads of state and heads of government.

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List of state leaders in the 18th century

;State leaders in the 17th century – State leaders in the 19th century – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 18th century (1701–1800) AD, such as the heads of state and heads of government.

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List of state leaders in the 19th century

;State leaders in the 18th century – State leaders: 1901–1950 – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1900) AD, such as the heads of state and heads of government.

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List of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950)

;State leaders in the 19th century – State leaders: 1951–2000 – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950) AD, such as the heads of state, heads of government, and the general secretaries of single-party states.

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List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000)

;State leaders: 1901–1950 – State leaders in the 21st century – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000) AD, such as the heads of state, heads of government, and the general secretaries of single-party states.

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List of state leaders in the 21st century

;State leaders: 1951–2000 – Current state leaders – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 21st century (2001–present) AD, such as the heads of state, heads of government, or the general secretaries of single-party states.

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List of Sultans of Zanzibar

The Sultans of Zanzibar were the rulers of the Sultanate of Zanzibar, which was created on 19 October 1856 after the death of Said bin Sultan, who had ruled Oman and Zanzibar as the Sultan of Oman since 1804.

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List of The Colbert Report episodes (2007)

This is a list of episodes for The Colbert Report in 2007.

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List of Warrior Nun Areala characters

The characters within the Warrior Nun Areala comic series are well developed.

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Lithuania Minor

Lithuania Minor (Mažoji Lietuva; Kleinlitauen; Litwa Mniejsza; Máлая Литвá) or Prussian Lithuania (Prūsų Lietuva; Preußisch-Litauen, Litwa Pruska) is a historical ethnographic region of Prussia, later East Prussia in Germany, where Prussian Lithuanians or Lietuvininkai lived.

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Lobatse

Lobatse is a town in South-Eastern Botswana, 70 kilometres south of the capital Gaborone, situated in a valley running north towards Gaborone.

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Lohengrin (opera)

Lohengrin, WWV 75, is a Romantic opera in three acts composed and written by Richard Wagner, first performed in 1850.

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Longyou Protectorate

The Longyou Protectorate (陇右都护府）was a Song dynasty protectorate created in 1104 after occupying the Tsongkha.

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Lord high commissioner

Lord High Commissioner is the style of High Commissioners, i.e. direct representatives of the monarch, in three cases in the Kingdom of Scotland and the United Kingdom, two of which are no longer extant.

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Louis Bastien (Esperantist)

Louis Marie Jules Charles Bastien (December 21, 1869 in Obernai, near Strasbourg – April 10, 1961) was a French Esperantist and a quartermaster in the French army.

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Lozi people

The Lozi people are an ethnic group primarily of western Zambia, inhabiting the region of Barotseland.

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Lubaina Himid

Lubaina Himid (born 1954) is a British contemporary artist and curator.

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Macau

Macau, officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory on the western side of the Pearl River estuary in East Asia.

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Madagascar

Madagascar (Madagasikara), officially the Republic of Madagascar (Repoblikan'i Madagasikara; République de Madagascar), and previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of East Africa.

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Majeerteen

The Majeerteen (Majeerteen, ماجرتين, Muhammad Harti Amaleh Abdi Muhammad Abdirahman Jaberti; also spelled Majerteen, Macherten, Majertain, or Mijurtin) is a Somali clan.

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Makea Takau Ariki

Makea Takau Ariki (1839–1911) was a sovereign of the Cook Islands.

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Makhan Singh (Kenyan trade unionist)

Makhan Singh (27 December 1913 18 May 1973) was an Indian-born labour union leader who is credited with establishing the foundations of trade unionism in Kenya.

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Makololo Chiefs (Malawi)

The Makololo chiefs recognised by the governments of colonial Nyasaland and independent Malawi have their origin in a group of porters that David Livingstone brought from Barotseland in the 1850s to support his first Zambezi expedition that did not return to Barotseland but assisted Livingstone and British missionaries in the area of southern Malawi between 1859 and 1864.

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Malagasy Protectorate

The Malagasy Protectorate was a French protectorate in what is now Madagascar.

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Malawi

Malawi (or; or maláwi), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland.

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Malawi Railways

Malawi Railways was a government corporation that ran the national rail network of Malawi, Africa, until privatisation in 1999.

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Malay tricolour

A tricolour featuring green, yellow and red, is a combination of colours that commonly found in varying designs of symbols adopted by some major organisations to symbolise the Malay people.

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Malayan Union

The Malayan Union was a union of the Malay states and the Straits Settlements of Penang and Malacca.

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Malays (ethnic group)

Malays (Orang Melayu, Jawi: أورڠ ملايو) are an Austronesian ethnic group that predominantly inhabit the Malay Peninsula, eastern Sumatra and coastal Borneo, as well as the smaller islands which lie between these locations — areas that are collectively known as the Malay world.

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Malaysian Armed Forces

The Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF, Angkatan Tentera Malaysia-ATM; Jawi:اڠكتن تنترا مليسيا), the military of Malaysia, consists of three branches, namely the Malaysian Army, the Royal Malaysian Navy, and the Royal Malaysian Air Force.

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Maldives

The Maldives (or; ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ Dhivehi Raa'jey), officially the Republic of Maldives, is a South Asian sovereign state, located in the Indian Ocean, situated in the Arabian Sea.

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Malta Protectorate

Malta Protectorate (Protettorato di Malta, Protettorat ta' Malta) was the political term for Malta when it was officially part of the Kingdom of Sicily but under British protection.

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Manchukuo

Manchukuo was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia from 1932 until 1945.

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Mangal State

Mangal is a former princely state in north India.

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Manifest destiny

In the 19th century, manifest destiny was a widely held belief in the United States that its settlers were destined to expand across North America.

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Manwel Dimech

Manuel Dimech (25 December 1860, Valletta – 17 April 1921, Alexandria, Egypt) was the pre-eminent social reformer in pre-independence Malta, a philosopher, a journalist, and a writer of novels and poetry.

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March 16

No description.

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March 1912

The following events occurred in March 1912.

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March 30

No description.

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Mareeg

Mareeg (also known as Mareeg, Mareg, Meregh and Märēg) is a locality in central Somalia.

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Margaret Laurence

Jean Margaret Laurence, CC (née Wemyss) (18 July 1926 – 5 January 1987) was a Canadian novelist and short story writer, and is one of the major figures in Canadian literature.

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Marshall Islands

The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands (Aolepān Aorōkin M̧ajeļ), is an island country located near the equator in the Pacific Ocean, slightly west of the International Date Line.

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Massylii

The Massylii or Maesulians were a Berber federation of tribes in eastern Numidia, which was formed by an amalgamation of smaller tribes during the 4th century BC.

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Matabeleland

Modern-day Matabeleland is a region in Zimbabwe divided into three provinces: Matabeleland North, Bulawayo and Matabeleland South.

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Maungwe

Maungwe was a chiefdom in Zimbabwe.

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Mauritania

Mauritania (موريتانيا; Gànnaar; Soninke: Murutaane; Pulaar: Moritani; Mauritanie), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a country in the Maghreb region of Northwestern Africa.

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May 18

No description.

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May 1900

The following events occurred in May 1900.

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May 1928

The following events occurred in May 1928.

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May Revolution

The May Revolution (Revolución de Mayo) was a week-long series of events that took place from May 18 to 25, 1810, in Buenos Aires, capital of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata.

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Mediatisation

In politics and law, mediatisation is the loss of immediacy, the status of persons not subject to local lords but only to a higher authority directly, such as the Holy Roman Emperor.

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Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II

The Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre was a major theatre of operations during the Second World War.

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Member state of the European Union

The European Union (EU) consists of 28 member states.

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Merina Kingdom

The Merina Kingdom, or Kingdom of Madagascar, officially the Kingdom of Imerina (1540–1897) was a pre-colonial state off the coast of Southeast Africa that, by the 19th century, dominated most of what is now Madagascar.

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Migrant workers in the Gulf region

Migrant workers in the Persian Gulf region involves the prevalence of migrant workers in the Kingdom of Bahrain, the State of Kuwait, the Sultanate of Oman, the State of Qatar, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the State of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

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Mikhail, Prince of Abkhazia

Mikhail, or Hamud Bey, from the house of Shervashidze, or Chachba (died 1866) was the head of state of the Principality of Abkhazia and reigned from 1823 to 1864.

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Military history of Bhutan

The military history of Bhutan begins with the Battle of Five Lamas in 1634, marking Bhutan's emergence as a nation under the secular and religious leadership of Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal.

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Military history of Georgia

The country of Georgia has known a rich military history, both as a battlefield of empires and as an independent political and military power.

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Military history of India

The earliest known references to armies in India are millennia ago in the Vedas and the epics Ramayana and Mahabaratha.

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Military history of Oceania

Although the military history of Oceania probably goes back thousands of years to the first human settlement in the region, little is known about war in Oceania until the arrival of Europeans.

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Military history of Somalia

The military history of Somalia encompasses the major conventional wars, conflicts and skirmishes involving the historic empires, kingdoms and sultanates in the territory of present-day Somalia, through to modern times.

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Military history of the Netherlands

The Netherlands, as a nation-state, dates to 1568, when the Dutch Revolt created the Dutch Empire.

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Military of Carthage

The military of Carthage was one of the largest military forces in the ancient world.

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Military reforms resulting from the Yên Bái mutiny

The failure of the Yên Bái mutiny by Vietnamese soldiers in the French colonial army on February 10, 1930 caused the French authorities to engage in a reform of military policies which were aimed at preventing future uprisings.

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Milne Cheetham

Sir Joshua Milne Crompton Cheetham, KCMG (9 July 1869 – 6 January 1938) was a British diplomat.

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Minden High School (Minden, Louisiana)

Minden High School (MHS) is the public secondary educational institution in Minden, a small city of 13,000 and the seat of Webster Parish located twenty-eight miles east of Shreveport in northwestern Louisiana.

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Minister of State

Minister of State is a title borne by politicians or officials in certain countries governed under a parliamentary system.

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Ministry of Defence (Somalia)

The Ministry of Defence (Wasaaradda Gaashaandhigga) is charged with co-ordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government relating directly to national security and the Somali Armed Forces.

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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Oman)

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (وزارة الخارجية) is the government body in the Sultanate of Oman responsible for Oman's relations with the rest of the world.

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Miskito Coast Creole

Mískito Coast Creole or Nicaragua Creole English is a language spoken in Nicaragua based on English.

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Miskito people

The Miskito are an indigenous ethnic group in Central America, of whom many are mixed race.

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Modern immigration to the United Kingdom

Since 1945, immigration to the United Kingdom under British nationality law has been significant, in particular from the Republic of Ireland and from the former British Empire especially India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, the Caribbean, South Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya and Hong Kong.

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Mohammed Abdullah Hassan

Mohammed Abdullah Hassan (April 7, 1856 – December 21, 1920) was a Somali religious and patriotic leader.

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Mohammed Alim Khan

Emir Said Mir Mohammed Alim Khan (Said Mir Muhammad Olimxon, 3 January 1880 – 28 April 1944) was the last emir representative of the Uzbek Manghit Dynasty, the last ruling dynasty of the Emirate of Bukhara in Central Asia.

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Mohamoud Ali Shire

Mohamoud Ali Shire (Maxamuud Cali Shiire, محمود علي شري, Mahmoud bin Ali Shirreh Maxmud bin Cali Shire) was a Somali elder of the Warsangali clan.

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Mombasa

Mombasa is a city on the coast of Kenya.

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Monaco succession crisis of 1918

The Monaco succession crisis of 1918 arose because France objected to the prospect of a German national inheriting the throne of the Principality of Monaco.

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Monégasque dialect

Monégasque (natively Munegascu) is a variety of Ligurian, a Gallo-Romance language spoken in Monaco as well as nearby in Italy and France.

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Mongol invasions of Vietnam

The Mongol invasions of Vietnam or Mongol-Vietnamese War refer to the three times that the Mongol Empire and its chief khanate the Yuan dynasty invaded Đại Việt during the time of the Trần dynasty, along with Champa: in 1258, 1285, and 1287–88. The first invasion began in 1258 under the united Mongol Empire, as it looked for alternative paths to invade Song China. The Mongol high ranking commander Uriyangkhadai was successful in capturing the Dai Viet capital (Thang Long); however, his army was weakened by the tropical climate and were later defeated. The second and third invasions occurred during the reign of Kublai Khan of the Yuan Dynasty. By this point, the Mongolian Empire had fractured into 4 separate entities with Yuan Dynasty being the strongest and biggest empire. These invasions resulted in a disastrous land defeat for the Mongols in 1285 and the annihilation of the Mongol navy in 1288. However, both the Trần dynasty and Champa decided to accept the nominal supremacy of the Yuan dynasty and serve as tributary states in order to avoid further conflicts.

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Mongolia (1911–24)

The Bogd Khaanate of Mongolia was the government of Mongolia (Outer Mongolia) between 1911 and 1919 and again from 1921 to 1924.

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Moro people

The Moro, also called the Bangsamoro or Bangsa Moro, are the Muslim population of the Philippines, forming the largest non-Catholic group in the country and comprising about 11% (as of the year 2012) of the total Philippine population.

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Moro Rebellion

The Moro Rebellion (1899–1913) was an armed conflict between the Moro people and the United States military during the Philippine-American War.

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Morocco

Morocco (officially known as the Kingdom of Morocco, is a unitary sovereign state located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is one of the native homelands of the indigenous Berber people. Geographically, Morocco is characterised by a rugged mountainous interior, large tracts of desert and a lengthy coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Morocco has a population of over 33.8 million and an area of. Its capital is Rabat, and the largest city is Casablanca. Other major cities include Marrakesh, Tangier, Salé, Fes, Meknes and Oujda. A historically prominent regional power, Morocco has a history of independence not shared by its neighbours. Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD, the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties, reaching its zenith under the Almoravid dynasty and Almohad dynasty, spanning parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa. The Marinid and Saadi dynasties continued the struggle against foreign domination, and Morocco remained the only North African country to avoid Ottoman occupation. The Alaouite dynasty, the current ruling dynasty, seized power in 1631. In 1912, Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates, with an international zone in Tangier, and regained its independence in 1956. Moroccan culture is a blend of Berber, Arab, West African and European influences. Morocco claims the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara, formerly Spanish Sahara, as its Southern Provinces. After Spain agreed to decolonise the territory to Morocco and Mauritania in 1975, a guerrilla war arose with local forces. Mauritania relinquished its claim in 1979, and the war lasted until a cease-fire in 1991. Morocco currently occupies two thirds of the territory, and peace processes have thus far failed to break the political deadlock. Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive and legislative powers, especially over the military, foreign policy and religious affairs. Executive power is exercised by the government, while legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can issue decrees called dahirs, which have the force of law. He can also dissolve the parliament after consulting the Prime Minister and the president of the constitutional court. Morocco's predominant religion is Islam, and the official languages are Arabic and Berber, with Berber being the native language of Morocco before the Arab conquest in the 600s AD. The Moroccan dialect of Arabic, referred to as Darija, and French are also widely spoken. Morocco is a member of the Arab League, the Union for the Mediterranean and the African Union. It has the fifth largest economy of Africa.

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Morocco commemorative medal (1909)

The Morocco commemorative medal (1909) ("Médaille commémorative du Maroc (1909)") was a French military campaign medal.

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Mosquito Coast

The Mosquito Coast, also known as the Miskito Coast and the Miskito Kingdom, historically comprised the kingdoms fluctuating area along the eastern coast of present-day Nicaragua and Honduras.

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Mossi people

The Mossi (or Mole, Mosse, sing. Moaaga) are a people in central Burkina Faso, living mostly in the villages of the Nazinon and Nakanbe (formerly Volta) River Basin. The Mossi are the largest ethnic group in Burkina Faso, constituting more than 40% of the population, or about 6.2 million people. The other 60% of Burkina Faso's population is composed of more than 60 ethnic groups, mainly the Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo and Fulani. The Mossi speak the Mòoré language.

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Msiri

Msiri (c. 1830 – December 20, 1891) founded and ruled the Yeke Kingdom (also called the Garanganze or Garenganze kingdom) in south-east Katanga (now in DR Congo) from about 1856 to 1891.

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Mubarak Al-Sabah

Sheikh Mubarak bin Sabah Al-Sabah, KCSI, KCIE (1837 – November 28, 1915) (الشيخ مبارك بن صباح الصباح) "the Great" was the seventh ruler of Kuwait from May 18, 1896 until his death on November 28, 1915.

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Mulanje Massif

The Mulanje Massif, also known as Mount Mulanje, is a large monadnock in southern Malawi only 65 km east of Blantyre, rising sharply from the surrounding plains of Chiradzulu, and the tea-growing Mulanje district.

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Muri, Nigeria

Muri is a town and traditional emirate in the northwestern Taraba State of eastern Nigeria, approximately between 9° and 11° 40′ E. and 7° 10′ and 9° 40′ N. The Benue River is nearby, and the portion on the southern bank of the river is watered by streams flowing from the Cameroon region to the Benue.

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Musa Kassim Omer

Musa Kassim Omer (Muuse Qasim Cumar, موسى قاسم عمر) is a Somali Surgeon and politician.

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Muteesa I of Buganda

Muteesa I Mukaabya Walugembe Kayiira (1837 – 1884) was Kabaka of the Kingdom of Buganda, from 1856 until 1884.

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Mutesa II of Buganda

Major General Sir Edward Frederick William David Walugembe Mutebi Luwangula Muteesa II KBE (19 November 1924 – 21 November 1969), was Kabaka of the Kingdom of Buganda from 22 November 1939 until his death.

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Nagorno-Karabakh

Nagorno-Karabakh, meaning "Mountainous Karabakh," also known as Artsakh, is a landlocked region in the South Caucasus, within the mountainous range of Karabakh, lying between Lower Karabakh and Zangezur, and covering the southeastern range of the Lesser Caucasus mountains.

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Nairobi

Nairobi is the capital and the largest city of Kenya.

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Nam Phương

Empress Nam Phương (14 December 1914 – 16 September 1963), born Marie-Thérèse Nguyễn Hữu Thị Lan, baptised Marie-Thérèse later Imperial Princess Nam Phương, was the first and primary wife of Bảo Đại, the last emperor of Vietnam, from 1934 until her death.

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Nantucket series

The Nantucket series (also known as the Nantucket trilogy or the Islander trilogy) is a set of alternate history novels written by S. M. Stirling.

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Napoleon III

Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (born Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873) was the President of France from 1848 to 1852 and as Napoleon III the Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870.

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Nathu La and Cho La clashes

The Nathu La and Cho La clashes were a series of military clashes between India and China alongside the border of the Himalayan Kingdom of Sikkim, then an Indian protectorate.

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National Christian Forensics and Communications Association

The National Christian Forensics and Communications Association is a speech and debate league for Christian homeschooled students in the United States.

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National emblem of Somaliland

The national emblem of Somaliland was introduced on 14 October 1996 along with the flag of Somaliland, when it was approved by the National Conference.

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Neapolitan Republic (1647)

The Neapolitan Republic was a republic created in Naples, which lasted from 22 October 1647 to 5 April 1648.

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Negros Island

Negros is the fourth largest island of the Philippines, with a land area of.

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Negros Occidental

Negros Occidental (Negros Nakatundan; Kasadpang Negros; Kanlurang Negros), also known as or, is a province located in the region of Western Visayas, in the Philippines.

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Neutral territory

A neutral territory is a territory (not a sovereign state) that is not an integral part of any state (neither independent, nor dependent on a single state, nor colonized or under protectorate, nor a concession), and yet is not terra nullius, but is the object of an agreement under international law between at least two parties (usually bordering states and/or their colonizers et cetera) that neither shall establish, at least for the duration of the agreement's validity, effective control over it.

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New Britain

New Britain (Niu Briten) is the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago (named after Otto von Bismarck) of Papua New Guinea.

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New Georgia

New Georgia is the largest island of the Western Province of the Solomon Islands.

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New People's Association

The New People's Association, established in April 1906 was a clandestine organization for fostering the independence and national strength of the Korean Empire.

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Ngaoundéré

Ngaoundéré, or N'Gaoundéré, is the capital of the Adamawa Region of Cameroon.

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Nguyễn dynasty

The Nguyễn dynasty or House of Nguyễn (Nhà Nguyễn; Hán-Nôm:, Nguyễn triều) was the last ruling family of Vietnam.

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Nicaragua

Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the largest country in the Central American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

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Nicaraguans

Nicaraguans (Nicaragüense; also Nica, Nicoya and Pinolero) are people inhabiting in, originating or having significant heritage from Nicaragua.

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Niedzica Castle

Niedzica Castle also known as Dunajec Castle (Castrum de Dunajecz, Nedec Váralja / Nedec-Vár, Sub-Arx Unterschloss, Nedecký hrad), is located in the southernmost part of Poland in Niedzica (Nowy Targ County in Lesser Poland).

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Niger Coast Protectorate

The Niger Coast Protectorate was a British protectorate in the Oil Rivers area of present-day Nigeria, originally established as the Oil Rivers Protectorate in 1884 and confirmed at the Berlin Conference the following year, renamed on 12 May 1893, and merged with the chartered territories of the Royal Niger Company on 1 January 1900 to form the Southern Nigeria Protectorate.

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Nigeria

Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a federal republic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north.

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Nobility

Nobility is a social class in aristocracy, normally ranked immediately under royalty, that possesses more acknowledged privileges and higher social status than most other classes in a society and with membership thereof typically being hereditary.

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Non-sovereign monarchy

A non-sovereign monarchy is one in which the head of the monarchical polity (whether a geographic territory or an ethnic group), and the polity itself, are subject to a temporal authority higher than their own.

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North Borneo

North Borneo (usually known as British North Borneo, also known as the State of North Borneo) was a British protectorate located in the northern part of the island of Borneo.

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North Borneo at the 1956 Summer Olympics

North Borneo competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia.

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North Solomon Islands

The Northern Solomons were the more northerly group of islands in the Solomon Islands archipelago over which Germany declared a protectorate in 1885.

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North Vietnam

North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) (Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa), was a country in Southeast Asia from 1945 to 1976, although it did not achieve widespread recognition until 1954.

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North-Eastern Rhodesia

North-Eastern Rhodesia was a British protectorate in south central Africa formed in 1900.

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Northern Epirus

Northern Epirus (Βόρειος Ήπειρος, Vorios Ipiros, Epiri i Veriut) is a term used to refer to those parts of the historical region of Epirus, in the western Balkans, which today are part of Albania.

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Northern Nigeria Protectorate

Northern Nigeria was a British protectorate which lasted from 1900 until 1914 and covered the northern part of what is now Nigeria.

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Northern Rhodesia

Northern Rhodesia was a protectorate in south central Africa, formed in 1911 by amalgamating the two earlier protectorates of Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia and North-Eastern Rhodesia.

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Northern Rhodesia Police

The Northern Rhodesia Police was the police force of the British ruled protectorate of Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia).

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Northern Rhodesia Regiment

The Northern Rhodesia Regiment (NRR) was a multi-battalion British colonial regiment raised from the protectorate of Northern Rhodesia.

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Northern Somali Unionist Movement

The Northern Somali Unionist Movement (NSUM) is a Somali nationalist organization.

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Notre Dame Cathedral, Papeete

Notre Dame Cathedral (French: Cathédrale de Papeete Notre-Dame de L'Immaculée Conception) is a late 19th-century church that serves as the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Papeete.

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November 1926

The following events occurred in November 1926.

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Nyasaland

Nyasaland, or the Nyasaland Protectorate, was a British Protectorate located in Africa, which was established in 1907 when the former British Central Africa Protectorate changed its name.

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Nyasaland Emergency 1959

The Nyasaland Emergency 1959 was a State of Emergency in the protectorate of Nyasaland (now Malawi), which was declared by its Governor, Sir Robert Armitage on 3 March 1959 and which ended on 16 June 1960.

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Oceania

Oceania is a geographic region comprising Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia and Australasia.

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October 1975

The following events occurred in October 1975.

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Ogaden War

The Ogaden War was a Somali military offensive between July 1977 and March 1978 over the disputed Ethiopian region Ogaden starting with the Somali Democratic Republic's invasion of Ethiopia.

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Ohi Day

Ohi Day or Oxi Day (Επέτειος του Όχι, Epéteios tou Óchi; "Anniversary of the No") is celebrated throughout Greece, Cyprus and the Greek communities around the world on 28 October each year.

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Onitsha

Onitsha (or just Ọ̀nị̀chà) is a city located on the eastern bank of the Niger River, in Nigeria's Anambra State.

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Order of St Michael and St George

The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George, Prince Regent, later King George IV, while he was acting as regent for his father, King George III.

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Oriental Development Company

The Oriental Development Company (Shinjitai: 東洋拓殖株式会社, Hangul: 동양척식주식회사, Hanja: 東洋拓殖株式會社), established by the Empire of Japan in 1908, was a national enterprise built as a colonial exploitation policy towards the Korean Empire and other countries in East Asia.

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Osman Mahamuud

Osman Mahamuud (Cismaan Maxamuud, عثمان محمود), also known as `Uthman III ibn Mahmud, was a Somali king.

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Ottoman Navy

The Ottoman Navy (Osmanlı Donanması or Donanma-yı Humâyûn), also known as the Ottoman Fleet, was established in the early 14th century after the Ottoman Empire first expanded to reach the sea in 1323 by capturing Karamürsel, the site of the first Ottoman naval shipyard and the nucleus of the future Navy.

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Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573)

The Fourth Ottoman–Venetian War, also known as the War of Cyprus (Guerra di Cipro) was fought between 1570 and 1573.

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Oudh State

The Oudh State (also Kingdom of Oudh, or Awadh State) was a princely state in the Awadh region of North India until 1858.

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Ouidah

Ouidah or Whydah (Xwéda; Ouidah, Juida, and Juda by the French; Ajudá by the Portuguese; and Fida by the Dutch), formally the Kingdom of Whydah, is a city on the coast of the Republic of Benin.

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Oun Kham

Oun Kham (June 5, 1811 – December 15, 1895) was King of Luang Prabang during 1868-1887 and a second time between 1889 and 1895.

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Our Lady of the Rosary Church, Koinawa

The Our Lady of the Rosary Church also called the Catholic Church of Our Lady of the Rosary, is the name given to a religious building that is affiliated with the Catholic Church and is located in the town of Koinawa in east of the Atoll Abaiang, in the North of the Gilbert Islands in the country of Kiribati, Oceania.

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Outline of Anguilla

The location of Anguilla An enlargeable map of the British Overseas Territory of Anguilla The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Anguilla: Anguilla – one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin.

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Outline of Aruba

The location of Aruba An enlargeable map of Aruba of the Kingdom of the Netherlands The following outline is provided as an overview of and introduction to Aruba: Aruba – Caribbean island nation that is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

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Outline of Botswana

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Botswana: Botswana – a landlocked sovereign country located in Southern Africa.

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Outline of Macau

The location of Macau The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Macau: The Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China – one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China, the other being Hong Kong.

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Outline of Somaliland

The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to Somaliland: Somaliland – unrecognised self-declared sovereign state that is internationally recognised as an autonomous region of Somalia.

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Outline of Tuvalu

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Tuvalu: Tuvalu (formerly known as the Ellice Islands) – sovereign Polynesian island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean midway between Hawaiokinai and Australia.

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Pacific Community

The Pacific Community (SPC) is the principal scientific and technical organisation in the Pacific region.

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Pacification of Tonkin

The Pacification of Tonkin (1886–96) was a slow and ultimately successful military and political campaign undertaken by the French Empire in the northern portion of Tonkin (modern-day north Vietnam) to re-establish order in the wake of the Sino-French War (August 1884 – April 1885), to entrench a French protectorate in Tonkin, and to suppress Vietnamese opposition to French rule.

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Pak Chesoon

Pak Chesoon (7 December 1858 – 20 June 1916) was a Korean politician and diplomat during the late Joseon dynasty.

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Pakistani passport

The Pakistani passport (پاکستانی پاسپورٹ) is issued to citizens of Pakistan for the purpose of international travel.

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Panama Canal

The Panama Canal (Canal de Panamá) is an artificial waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean.

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Panyarring

Panyarring was the practice of seizing and holding persons until the repayment of debt or resolution of a dispute which became a common activity along the Atlantic coast of Africa in the 18th and 19th centuries.

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Parameswara (king)

Parameswara (1344 – c. 1414), thought to be the same person named in the Malay Annals as Iskandar Shah, was the last king of Singapura and the founder of Malacca.

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Parliament of Ireland

The Parliament of Ireland was the legislature of the Lordship of Ireland, and later the Kingdom of Ireland, from 1297 until 1800.

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Parliament of Tuvalu

The Parliament of Tuvalu, or Palamene o Tuvalu is the unicameral national legislature of Tuvalu.

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Partition of India

The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan.

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Partition of the Ottoman Empire

The partition of the Ottoman Empire (Armistice of Mudros, 30 October 1918 – Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate, 1 November 1922) was a political event that occurred after World War I and the occupation of Constantinople by British, French and Italian troops in November 1918.

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Partition Sejm

The Partition Sejm (Sejm Rozbiorowy) was a Sejm lasting from 1773 to 1775 in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, convened by its three neighbours (the Russian Empire, Prussia and Austria) in order to legalize their First Partition of Poland.

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Pasquale Paoli

Filippo Antonio Pasquale di Paoli FRS (Pascal Paoli; 6 April 1725 – 5 February 1807) was a Corsican patriot and leader, the president of the Executive Council of the General Diet of the People of Corsica.

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Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant

Paul-Henri-Benjamin Balluet d'Estournelles, Baron de Constant de Rebecque (22 November 1852 – 15 May 1924), was a French diplomat and politician, advocate of international arbitration and winner of the 1909 Nobel Prize for Peace.

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Pōmare Dynasty

The Pōmare Dynasty was the reigning family of the Kingdom of Tahiti between the unification of the island by Pōmare I in 1788 and Pōmare V's cession of the kingdom to France in 1880.

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Persian Campaign

The Persian Campaign or Invasion of Persia also known as Invasion of Iran (اشغال ایران در جنگ جهانی اول) was a series of engagements in Iranian Azerbaijan and western Iran (Persia) involving the forces of the Ottoman Empire against those of the British Empire and Russian Empire, and also involving local population elements, beginning in December 1914 and ending with the Armistice of Mudros on October 30, 1918 as part of Middle Eastern theatre of World War I.

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Persian Gulf Residency

The Persian Gulf Residency was an official colonial subdivision (i.e., residency) of the British Raj from 1763 until 1947 (and remained British protectorates after Indian independence in 1947, up to 1971), whereby the United Kingdom maintained varying degrees of political and economic control over several states in the Persian Gulf, including what is today known as the United Arab Emirates (formerly called the "Trucial Coast States") and at various times southern portions of Persia, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, and Qatar.

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Pfäfers Abbey

Pfäfers Abbey (Kloster Pfäfers), also known as St.

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Phulra

Phulra was a minor Muslim princely state in the days of British Raj, located in the region of the North West Frontier to the east of the nearby parent princely state of Amb (Tanawal).

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Piero Corti

Piero Corti (16 September 1925 – 20 April 2003) was an Italian doctor who chose to work in a hospital in Uganda for most of his life.

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Pierre Schoendoerffer

Pierre Schoendoerffer (Pierre Schœndœrffer; 5 May 1928 – 14 March 2012) was a French film director, a screenwriter, a writer, a war reporter, a war cameraman, a renowned First Indochina War veteran, a cinema academician.

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Plazas de soberanía

The plazas de soberanía (literally "places of sovereignty") are the Spanish sovereign territories in North Africa.

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Poland–Russia relations

Poland–Russia relations (Stosunki polsko-rosyjskie, Российско-польские отношения) have a long but often turbulent history, dating to the late Middle Ages, when the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Muscovy struggled over control of their borderlands.

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Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after 1791 the Commonwealth of Poland, was a dualistic state, a bi-confederation of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch, who was both the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania.

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Political administration of French Indochina

French administration in Indochina began June 5, 1862, when the Treaty of Saigon ceded three provinces.

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Political integration of India

At the time of Indian independence in 1947, India was divided into two sets of territories, one under direct British rule, and the other under the suzerainty of the British Crown, with control over their internal affairs remaining in the hands of their hereditary rulers.

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Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democracy, whereby executive power is exercised by the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Port-au-Prince

Port-au-Prince (Pòtoprens) is the capital and most populous city of Haiti.

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Portuguese Angola

Portuguese Angola refers to Angola during the historic period when it was a territory under Portuguese rule in southwestern Africa.

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Postage stamps and postal history of Annam and Tongking

A concise postal history of French Annam protectorate and Tongking protectorate, former territories of colonial French Indochina, that were located in present-day Vietnam.

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Postage stamps and postal history of French Congo

The French Congo was the original French colony established in the present-day area of the Republic of the Congo, Gabon, and the Central African Republic.

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Postage stamps and postal history of Papua New Guinea

The postage stamps and postal history of Papua New Guinea were linked to the Australian administration on the eastern part of the island of New Guinea until its independence in 1975.

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Postage stamps and postal history of the British Cameroons

This article is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of the British Cameroons.

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Postage stamps and postal history of the Cook Islands

This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of the Cook Islands.

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Postage stamps and postal history of the Niger Coast Protectorate

This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of the Niger Coast Protectorate.

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Postage stamps and postal history of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate

This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate.

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Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt

The presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt began on March 4, 1933, when he was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States, and ended upon his death on April 12, 1945, a span of (4,422 days).

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Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt

The presidency of Theodore Roosevelt began on September 14, 1901, when he became the 26th President of the United States upon the assassination and death of President William McKinley, and ended on March 4, 1909.

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Presidency of Woodrow Wilson

The presidency of Woodrow Wilson began on March 4, 1913 at noon when Woodrow Wilson was inaugurated as President of the United States, and ended on March 4, 1921.

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Princely state

A princely state, also called native state (legally, under the British) or Indian state (for those states on the subcontinent), was a vassal state under a local or regional ruler in a subsidiary alliance with the British Raj.

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Principalía

The Principalía or noble class was the ruling and usually educated upper class in the pueblos of the Spanish Philippines, comprising the gobernadorcillo (who had functions similar to a town mayor), and the cabezas de barangay (heads of the barangays) who governed the districts.

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Principality of Erfurt

The Principality of Erfurt (Fürstentum Erfurt; Principauté d'Erfurt) was a small state in modern Thuringia, Germany, that existed from 1807 to 1814, comprising the modern city of Erfurt and the surrounding land.

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Prosper de Chasseloup-Laubat

Justin Napoléon Samuel Prosper de Chasseloup-Laubat, 4th Marquis of Chasseloup-Laubat (29 May 1805, Alessandria, Department of Marengo, French Empire – 29 March 1873, Paris, France) was a French artistocrat and politician who became Minister of the Navy under Napoleon III and was an early advocate of French colonialism.

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Prostitution in Africa

The legal status of prostitution in Africa varies widely.

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Prostitution in Swaziland

Prostitution in Swaziland is illegal, the anti-prostitution laws dating back to 1889, when Swaziland was a protectorate of South Africa.

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Protecting power

A protecting power is a country that represents another sovereign state in a country where it lacks its own diplomatic representation.

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Protector (title)

Protector, sometimes spelled protecter, is used as a title or part of various historical titles of heads of state and others in authority.

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Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia

The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (Protektorat Böhmen und Mähren; Protektorát Čechy a Morava) was a protectorate of Nazi Germany established on 16 March 1939 following the German occupation of Czechoslovakia on 15 March 1939.

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Protectorate of Peru

The Protectorate of Peru (Protectorado Del Perú) was a protectorate created in 1821 in modern Peru after its declaration of independence.

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Protectorate of South Arabia

The Protectorate of South Arabia in Hadhramaut was a grouping of 4 states located at the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula under treaties of protection with Britain.

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Proto-state

A proto-state, also known as a quasi-state, is a political entity that does not represent a fully institutionalized or autonomous sovereign state.

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Puntland

Puntland (Puntlaand, أرض البنط), officially the Puntland State of Somalia (Dowladda Puntland ee Soomaaliya, بونتلاند دولة الصومال), is a region in northeastern Somalia.

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Puppet state

A puppet state is a state that is supposedly independent but is in fact dependent upon an outside power.

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Qajar dynasty

The Qajar dynasty (سلسله قاجار; also Romanised as Ghajar, Kadjar, Qachar etc.; script Qacarlar) was an IranianAbbas Amanat, The Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896, I. B. Tauris, pp 2–3 royal dynasty of Turkic origin,Cyrus Ghani.

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Qarshi

Qarshi (Qarshi / Қарши; نخشب Nakhshab; Карши Karshi) is a city in southern Uzbekistan.

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Qatar

Qatar (or; قطر; local vernacular pronunciation), officially the State of Qatar (دولة قطر), is a sovereign country located in Western Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula.

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Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty, also known as the Qing Empire, officially the Great Qing, was the last imperial dynasty of China, established in 1636 and ruling China from 1644 to 1912.

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Quit-rent

Quit rent, quit-rent, or quitrent, is a tax or land tax imposed on occupants of freehold or leased land in lieu of services to a higher landowning authority, usually a government or its assigns.

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Rabat

Rabat (الرِّبَاط,; ⴰⵕⴱⴰⵟ) is the capital city of Morocco and its third largest city with an urban population of approximately 580,000 (2014) and a metropolitan population of over 1.2 million.

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Rabih az-Zubayr

Rabih az-Zubayr ibn Fadl Allah or Rabih Fadlallah (رابح فضل الله,رابح الزبير ابن فضل الله), usually known as Rabah in French (c. 1842 – April 22, 1900), was a Sudanese warlord and slave trader who established a powerful empire east of Lake Chad, in today's Chad.

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Radfan

Radfan or the Radfan Hills is a region of the Republic of Yemen.

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Radislav Krstić

Radislav Krstić (Радислав Крстић; born 15 February 1948) was the Deputy Commander and later Chief of Staff of the Drina Corps of the Army of Republika Srpska (the Bosnian Serb Army) from October 1994 until 12 July 1995.

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Rahanweyn

The Rahaweyn (Somali Maay: Reewing; traditional Raxaweyn, رحنوين) is a Somali clan, composed of two major sub-clans, the Digil and the Mirifle.

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Rais Ali Delvari

Rais Ali Delvari was an independence fighter and anti-British colonialism activist now remembered as the national hero of Iran, who organized popular resistance against the British troops, which had invaded Iran in 1915.

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Rakahanga

Rakahanga is part of the Cook Islands, situated in the central-southern Pacific Ocean.

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Rampjaar

In Dutch history, the year 1672 was known as the rampjaar, the "disaster year." That year, following the outbreak of the Franco-Dutch War and the Third Anglo-Dutch War, the Dutch Republic was simultaneously attacked by England, France, and the prince-bishops Bernhard von Galen, bishop of Münster, and Maximilian Henry of Bavaria, archbishop of Cologne.

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Ras al-Khaimah

Ras al-Khaimah (رأس الخيمة), historically known as Julfar, is one of the seven emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates (UAE).Its name could be taken to mean "headland of the small huts", which can be attributed to the indigenous buildings that existed along the coast.

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Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)

The Rattanakosin Kingdom (อาณาจักรรัตนโกสินทร์) is the fourth and present traditional centre of power in the history of Thailand (or Siam).

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Rückweiler

Rückweiler is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Realm of New Zealand

The Realm of New Zealand is the entire area (or realm) in which the Queen of New Zealand is head of state.

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Reconquest of Arakan

The Reconquest of Arakan was a campaign led by the Bengal Sultanate to help Min Saw Mon, an Arakanese king, to regain control of his country.

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Recurring segments on The Colbert Report

In addition to its standard interviews, The Colbert Report features many recurring segments that cover a variety of topics.

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Regulamentul Organic

Regulamentul Organic (Organic Regulation; Règlement Organique; r)The name also has plural versions in all languages concerned, referring to the dual nature of the document; however, the singular version is usually preferred.

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Reichskommissar

Reichskommissar (rendered as Commissioner of the Empire or as Reich - or Imperial Commissioner), in German history, was an official gubernatorial title used for various public offices during the period of the German Empire and the Nazi Third Reich.

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Reichskommissariat Ostland

Nazi Germany established the Reichskommissariat Ostland (RKO) in 1941 as the civilian occupation regime in the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), the northeastern part of Poland and the west part of the Belarusian SSR during World War II.

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Religion in Somalia

The major religion in Somalia is Islam.

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Rendova Island

Rendova is an island in the Western Province of the Solomon Islands in the South Pacific, east of Papua New Guinea.

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Repnin Sejm

The Repnin Sejm (Sejm Repninowski) was a Sejm (session of the parliament) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place between 1767 and 1768 in Warsaw.

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Republic of Cabinda

The Republic of Cabinda (Ibinda: Kilansi kia cabinda; República de Cabinda) http://www.cabinda.net/ was an unrecognized state in southern Africa.

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Republic of Negros

The Republic of Negros (Republika sang Negros; Republika sa Negros; Republika ng Negros; República de Negros) was a short-lived cantonal revolutionary republic in the eponymous Visayan island, and later, an administrative division, which existed while the Philippines was under Spanish and American sovereignty.

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Resident (title)

A Resident, or in full Resident Minister, is a government official required to take up permanent residence in another country.

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Resident magistrate

A resident magistrate is a title for magistrates used in certain parts of the world, that were, or are, governed by the British.

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Resident of Wallis and Futuna

The Resident of Wallis and Futuna was the French colonial representative in Wallis and Futuna.

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Reunited Kingdom

The Reunited Kingdom of Arnor and Gondor is a fictional realm from J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth.

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Rhodesia (region)

Rhodesia is a historical region in southern Africa whose formal boundaries evolved between the 1890s and 1980.

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Richard E. Grant

Richard E. Grant (born Richard Grant Esterhuysen; 5 May 1957) is a Swazi-English actor, screenwriter, director and perfumier.

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Robert Edward Codrington

Sir Robert Edward Codrington (6 January 1869 – 16 December 1908) was the colonial Administrator of the two territories ruled by the British South Africa Company (BSAC) which became present-day Zambia.

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Roman Armenia

Roman Armenia refers to the rule of parts of Greater Armenia by the Roman Empire, from the 1st century AD to the end of Late Antiquity.

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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cambrai

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cambrai (Archdiocesis Cameracensis; French: Archidiocèse de Cambrai) is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France, comprising the arrondissements of Avesnes-sur-Helpe, Cambrai, Douai, and Valenciennes within the département of Nord, in the region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais.

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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Khartoum

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Khartoum (Khartumen(sis)) is the Latin Metropolitan archbishopric with See in national capital Khartoum whose Ecclesiastical province, including the suffragan Obeid, covers Sudan.

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Roman–Parthian War of 58–63

The Roman–Parthian War of 58–63 or the War of the Armenian Succession was fought between the Roman Empire and the Parthian Empire over control of Armenia, a vital buffer state between the two realms.

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Rose Chibambo

Rose Lomathinda Chibambo (8 September 1928 – 12 January 2016) was a prominent politician in the British Protectorate of Nyasaland in the years leading up to independence as the state of Malawi in 1964, and immediately after.

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Round the Bend (novel)

Round the Bend is a 1951 novel by Nevil Shute.

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Royal Prussia

Royal Prussia (Prusy Królewskie; Königlich-Preußen or Preußen Königlichen Anteils, Królewsczé Prësë) or Polish PrussiaAnton Friedrich Büsching, Patrick Murdoch.

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Rugby Football Union of East Africa

The Rugby Football Union of East Africa (RFUEA) is an umbrella union for the Kenya Rugby Football Union, Tanzania Rugby Football Union and Uganda Rugby Football Union.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.

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Russian Fort Elizabeth

Russian Fort Elizabeth is a National Historic Landmark and is administered as the Russian Fort Elizabeth State Historical Park just southeast of present-day Waimea on the island of Kauaokinai in Hawaiokinai.

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Russian occupations of Beirut

The Russian occupations of Beirut were two separate military expeditions by squadrons of the Imperial Russian Navy's Mediterranean Fleet, with the first one taking place in June 1772 and the second one from October 1773 to early 1774.

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Sa'd al-Dawla

Sa'd al-Dawla Abu 'l-Ma'ali Sharif, more commonly known by his laqab (honorific epithet), Sa'd al-Dawla (سعد الدولة), was the second ruler of the Hamdanid Emirate of Aleppo, encompassing most of northern Syria.

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Saad Zaghloul

Saad Zaghloul (سعد زغلول; also: Saad Zaghlûl, Sa'd Zaghloul Pasha ibn Ibrahim) (July 1859 – 23 August 1927) was an Egyptian revolutionary and statesman.

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Saar Protectorate

The Saar Protectorate (Saarprotektorat; Protectorat de Sarre) was a short-lived protectorate (1947–1956) partitioned from Germany after its defeat in World War II; it was administered by the French Fourth Republic.

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Sabah

Sabah is a state of Malaysia located on the northern portion of Borneo Island.

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Safi, Morocco

Safi (Berber: Asfi, ⴰⵙⴼⵉ; أسفي, Portuguese: Safim) is a city in western Morocco on the Atlantic Ocean.

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Salima Machamba

Salima Machamba (Fomboni, 1 November 1874 – Pesmes, Haute-Saône, France, 7 August 1964) was sultan of Mohéli (Mwali) (1888–1909).

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Samode Palace

Samode Palace, Samode Haveli and Samode Bagh (Garden) are heritage monuments and structures built by the noble feudatory with the hereditary title of 'Maha Rawal' or 'Maha Saheb’ of the Amber and Jaipur principality in Rajasthan, India.

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San Juan de Nicaragua

San Juan de Nicaragua, formerly known as San Juan del Norte or Greytown, is a town and municipality in the Río San Juan department of Nicaragua.

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Sarawak

Sarawak is a state of Malaysia.

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Sarila

Sarila (Hindi सरीला) is a town, a former Rajput princely state and a nagar panchayat in Hamirpur district in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

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Satellite state

The term satellite state designates a country that is formally independent in the world, but under heavy political, economic and military influence or control from another country.

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Satna

Satna is a city in the Satna District of Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

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Savo Island

Savo Island is an island in Solomon Islands in the southwest South Pacific ocean.

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Schäffer affair

The Schäffer affair was a controversial diplomatic incident caused by Georg Anton Schäffer, a German who attempted to seize the Kingdom of Hawaii for the Russian Empire.

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Schutztruppe

Schutztruppe ("protection force") was the official name of the colonial troops in the African territories of the German colonial empire from the late 19th century to 1918.

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Scramble for Africa

The Scramble for Africa was the occupation, division, and colonization of African territory by European powers during the period of New Imperialism, between 1881 and 1914.

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Secession

Secession (derived from the Latin term secessio) is the withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, especially a political entity, but also from any organization, union or military alliance.

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Second Chechen War

Second Chechen War (Втора́я чече́нская война́), also known as the Second Chechen Сampaign (Втора́я чече́нская кампа́ния), was an armed conflict on the territory of Chechnya and the border regions of the North Caucasus between the Russian Federation and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, also with militants of various Islamist groups, fought from August 1999 to April 2009.

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Second Madagascar expedition

The Second Madagascar expedition was a French military intervention which took place in 1894-1895, sealing the conquest of the Merina Kingdom on the island of Madagascar by France.

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Second Partition of Poland

The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions (or partial annexations) that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795.

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Secret societies in colonial Singapore

The coming of the British to Singapore and the subsequent colonialization saw the rise of secret societies in this small colony.

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Secretary of State for the Colonies

The Secretary of State for the Colonies or Colonial Secretary was the British Cabinet minister in charge of managing the United Kingdom's various colonial dependencies.

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Self-determination

The right of people to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law (commonly regarded as a jus cogens rule), binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter's norms.

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September 1909

The following events occurred in September 1909.

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September 1911

The following events occurred in September 1911.

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September 1933

The following events occurred in September 1933.

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September 1965

The following events occurred in September 1965.

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September 30

No description.

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Septinsular Republic

The Septinsular Republic (Ἑπτάνησος Πολιτεία, Repubblica Settinsulare, جزاييرى صباى موجتميا جومهورو Cezayir-i Seb'a-i Müctemia Cumhuru) was an island republic that existed from 1800 to 1807 under nominal Russian and Ottoman sovereignty in the Ionian Islands.

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Seretse Khama

Sir Seretse Goitsebeng Maphiri Khama, GCB, KBE (1 July 1921 – 13 July 1980) was the first President of Botswana, in office from 1966 to 1980.

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Shan States

Shan States and British Shan States (1885 - 1948) is an historic name for Minor Kingdoms (analogous to Princely state of British India) ruled by Saopha (similar to Thai royal title Chao Fa Prince or Princess) in large areas of today's Burma (Myanmar), China's Yunnan Province, Laos and Northern Thailand from the late 13th century until the mid-20th century.

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Shawasha

Shawasha was a chiefdom in Zimbabwe.

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Sheikh Abdurahman Sh. Nur

Sheikh Abdurahman Sh.

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Sheikhdom of Kuwait

The Sheikhdom of Kuwait (مشيخة الكويت) was a sheikhdom which gained independence from the Khalidi Emirate of Al Hasa under Sabah I bin Jaber in the year 1752.

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Shilling

The shilling is a unit of currency formerly used in Austria, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, United States, and other British Commonwealth countries.

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Shire Highlands Railway Company

The Shire Highlands Railway Company Ltd was a private railway company in colonial Nyasaland, incorporated in 1895 with the intention of constructing a railway from Blantyre (in modern-day Malawi) to the effective head of navigation of the Shire River.

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Shmuel Berenbaum

Shmuel Berenbaum (1920 – January 6, 2008) was an Orthodox rabbi and rosh yeshiva of the Mir yeshiva in Brooklyn, New York.

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Siege of Khartoum

The Battle of Khartoum, Siege of Khartoum or Fall of Khartoum was the conquest of Egyptian-held Khartoum by the Mahdist forces led by Muhammad Ahmad.

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Siege of Novi Zrin (1664)

The Siege of Novi Zrin (New Zrin Castle); Utvrda Novi Zrin; Új-Zrínyivár; Zerinvar) in June/July 1664 was last of the military conflicts between the Croatian forces (with allies) led by Nikola Zrinski, Ban (viceroy) of Croatia, and the Ottoman army commanded by Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier, dealing with possession of Novi Zrin Castle, defended by Croats, situated on the bank and marshy islands of Mura River, that formed a border line between Međimurje County in northern Croatia and southwestern part of Hungary, at the time occupied by the Ottomans. The battle resulted in destruction of the castle, and retreat of the Croatian crew, that was forced to withdraw to safer territory of inland Croatia.

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Sikkim

Sikkim is a state in Northeast India.

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Sikkim Scouts

The Sikkim Scouts is a regiment of the Indian Army based in and recruited from the state of Sikkim.

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Sikkimese monarchy referendum, 1975

A referendum on abolishing the monarchy was held in the Kingdom of Sikkim on 14 April 1975.

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Silent Sejm

Silent Sejm (also Dumb Sejm and literally Mute Sejm, Нямы сойм; Sejm Niemy; Nebylusis seimas) is the name given to the session of the Sejm (parliament) of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth of 1 February 1717 held in Warsaw.

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Sinai and Palestine Campaign

The Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I was fought between the British Empire and the Ottoman Empire, supported by the German Empire.

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Sino-Indian border dispute

Sovereignty over two separated pieces of territory have been contested between China and India.

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Sino-Indian War

The Sino-Indian War (भारत-चीन युद्ध Bhārat-Chīn Yuddh), also known as the Sino-Indian Border Conflict, was a war between China and India that occurred in 1962.

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Sip Song Chau Tai

The Sip Song Chau TaiOther spellings include: Sip Song Chau Thai, Sipsong Chuthai, Sipsong Chu Tai, Sip Song Chu Tai, Sipsongchuthai, Sip Song Chu Thai, Sipsong Chau Tai, Sip Song Chao Thai, Sipsong Chao Tai, Sipsongchutai, Sipsong Chao Thai.

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Sokoto State

Sokoto, usually referred to as Sokoto State to distinguish it from the city of Sokoto, is located in the extreme northwest of Nigeria, near to the confluence of the Sokoto River and the Rima River.

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Solomon Islands at the 2008 Summer Olympics

The Solomon Islands send a team to compete at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China.

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Solomon Islands at the 2016 Summer Olympics

The Solomon Islands competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016.

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Solomon Islands pound

The pound was the currency of the British Solomon Islands Protectorate between 1899 and 1966.

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Somali Armed Forces

The Somali National Armed Forces (SNAF) are the military forces of Somalia, officially known as the Federal Republic of Somalia.

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Somali nationalism

Somali nationalism (Somali:Soomaalinimo) is centered on the notion that the Somali people share a common language, religion, culture and ethnicity, and as such constitute a nation unto themselves.

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Somali shilling

The Somali shilling (sign: Sh.So.; shilin; شلن; scellino; ISO 4217: SOS) is the official currency of Somalia.

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Somalia

Somalia (Soomaaliya; aṣ-Ṣūmāl), officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe Federal Republic of Somalia is the country's name per Article 1 of the.

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Somalia–United Kingdom relations

Somalia–United Kingdom relations are bilateral relations between Somalia and the United Kingdom.

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Somaliland

Somaliland (Somaliland; صوماليلاند, rtl), officially the Republic of Somaliland (Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland, جمهورية صوماليلاند Jumhūrīyat Ṣūmālīlānd), is a self-declared state internationally recognised as an autonomous region of Somalia.

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Somaliland Camel Corps

The Somaliland Camel Corps (SCC) also referred to as the Somali Camel Corps, was a unit of the British Army based in British Somaliland.

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Somaliland Campaign

The Somaliland Campaign, also called the Anglo-Somali War or the Dervish War, was a series of military expeditions that took place between 1900 and 1920 in the Horn of Africa, pitting the Dervishes led by Mohammed Abdullah Hassan (nicknamed the "Mad Mullah", although he "was neither mad nor a mullah") against the British.

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Somaliland Scouts

The Somaliland Scouts was a Brigade in the British Army.

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Somalis

Somalis (Soomaali, صوماليون) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa (Somali Peninsula).

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Somalis in the United Kingdom

Somalis in the United Kingdom include British citizens and residents born in, or with ancestors from, Somalia.

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Sory Kessebeh

Sory Kessebeh (c. 1820–1897) was a Loko leader in the mergent Sierra Leone protectorate during the nineteenth century.

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Sotho people

The Basotho are a Bantu ethnic group whose ancestors have lived in southern Africa since around the fifth century.

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Southern Nigeria Protectorate

Southern Nigeria was a British protectorate in the coastal areas of modern-day Nigeria formed in 1900 from the union of the Niger Coast Protectorate with territories chartered by the Royal Niger Company below Lokoja on the Niger River.

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Southern Rhodesia

The Colony of Southern Rhodesia was a self-governing British Crown colony in southern Africa from 1923 to 1980, the predecessor state of modern Zimbabwe.

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Space Empires

Space Empires is a series of 4X turn-based strategy games by Malfador Machinations that allow the player to assume the role of the leader of a space-faring civilization.

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Spanish Empire

The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español; Imperium Hispanicum), historically known as the Hispanic Monarchy (Monarquía Hispánica) and as the Catholic Monarchy (Monarquía Católica) was one of the largest empires in history.

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Spanish protectorate in Morocco

The Spanish protectorate in Morocco was established on 27 November 1912 by a treaty between France and Spain that converted the Spanish sphere of influence in Morocco into a formal protectorate.

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Spanish Sahara

Spanish Sahara (Sahara Español; الصحراء الإسبانية As-Sahrā'a Al-Isbānīyah), officially the Overseas Province of the Spanish Sahara, was the name used for the modern territory of Western Sahara when it was occupied and ruled as a territory by Spain between 1884 and 1975.

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Spanish–American War

The Spanish–American War (Guerra hispano-americana or Guerra hispano-estadounidense; Digmaang Espanyol-Amerikano) was fought between the United States and Spain in 1898.

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St. Gallen

St. Gallen or traditionally St Gall, in German sometimes Sankt Gallen (St Gall; Saint-Gall; San Gallo; Son Gagl) is a Swiss town and the capital of the canton of St. Gallen.

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Stanisław August Poniatowski

Stanisław II Augustus (also Stanisław August Poniatowski; born Stanisław Antoni Poniatowski; 17 January 1732 – 12 February 1798), who reigned as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1764 to 1795, was the last monarch of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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State of Aden

The State of Aden (ولاية عدن Wilāyat ʿAdan) was a state constituted in Aden within the Federation of South Arabia.

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State of Somaliland

The State of Somaliland was a short-lived independent state in the territory of present-day northwestern Somalia, which is also known as the self-declared Republic of Somaliland.

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State organisation of the Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire developed over the centuries a complex organization of government with the Sultan as the supreme ruler of a centralized government that had an effective control of its provinces, officials and inhabitants.

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Stellaland

The Republic of Stellaland (Republiek Stellaland) was from 1882 to 1883 a Boer republic located in an area of British Bechuanaland (now in South Africa's North West Province), west of the Transvaal.

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Stone Town

Stone Town, also known as Mji Mkongwe (Swahili for "old town"), is the old part of Zanzibar City, the main city of Zanzibar, in Tanzania.

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Straits Settlements

The Straits Settlements (Negeri-negeri Selat, نݢري٢ سلت) were a group of British territories located in Southeast Asia.

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Styllou Christofi

Styllou Pantopiou Christofi (Στυλλού Χριστοφή; 1900 – 15 December 1954) was a Greek Cypriot woman hanged in Britain for murdering her daughter-in-law.

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Subeihi

Subeihi or Subayhi, or the Subeihi Sultanate (سلطنة الصبيحي or سلطنة الصبيحة), was the westernmost state in the western Aden Protectorate.

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Succession to the Monegasque throne

The succession to the throne of the Principality of Monaco is currently governed by Princely Law 1.249 of 2 April 2002.

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Suffrage

Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise is the right to vote in public, political elections (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote).

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Sulaiman of Selangor

Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah Ibni Al-Marhum Raja Musa (11 September 1863 – 31 March 1938) was the fifth Sultan of Selangor from 1898 until 1938.

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Sultan

Sultan (سلطان) is a position with several historical meanings.

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Sultan of Egypt

Sultan of Egypt was the status held by the rulers of Egypt after the establishment of the Ayyubid dynasty of Saladin in 1174 until the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517.

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Sultanate of Bagirmi

The Sultanate or Kingdom of Bagirmi or Baghermi (Royaume du Baguirmi) was a kingdom and Islamic sultanate southeast of Lake Chad in central Africa between 1522 and 1897.

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Sultanate of Hobyo

The Sultanate of Hobyo (Saldanadda Hobyo, سلطنة هوبيو), also known as the Sultanate of Obbia,New International Encyclopedia, Volume 21, (Dodd, Mead: 1916), p.283.

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Sultanate of Lahej

Lahej (لحج), the Sultanate of Lahej (سلطنة لحج), or, sometimes, the Abdali Sultanate (سلطنة العبدلي), was a Sheikdom based in Lahej in Southern Arabia.

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Sultanate of Zanzibar

The Sultanate of Zanzibar (Usultani wa Zanzibar, translit), also known as the Zanzibar Sultanate, comprised the territories over which the Sultan of Zanzibar is the sovereign.

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Sungai Tujoh

Sungai Tujoh, also abbreviated as Sg.

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Suzerainty

Suzerainty (and) is a back-formation from the late 18th-century word suzerain, meaning upper-sovereign, derived from the French sus (meaning above) + -erain (from souverain, meaning sovereign).

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Swains Island

Swains Island (Samoan: Olosega; Tokelauan: Olohega) is an atoll in the Tokelau chain.

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Taft–Katsura agreement

The was a 1905 discussion (not an agreement) between senior leaders of Japan and the United States regarding the positions of the two nations in greater East Asian affairs, especially regarding the status of Korea and Philippines in the aftermath of Japan's victory in the Russo-Japanese War.

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Tamaeva IV

Tamaeva IV (died 1892) was the reigning queen of the Polynesian island of Rimatara who ruled from 1876 until her death in 1892.

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Tarnogród Confederation

The Tarnogród Confederation was a confederation of szlachta in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, in the years 1715–1716.

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Tehauroa

Rere-ao Te-hau-roa-ari'i, also given as Teri'i-hau-roa (1830 – 18 March 1884), was the Queen of Raiatea and Tahaa.

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Teller Amendment

The Teller Amendment was an amendment to a joint resolution of the United States Congress, enacted on April 20, 1898, in reply to President William McKinley's War Message.

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Temporary Military Railway

The Temporary Military Railway Office (Japanese: 臨時軍用鐵道幹部, Rinji Gun'yō Tetsudōkanbu; Korean: 임시 군용 철도감부, Imsi Gunyong Cheoldoganbu), was a pseudo-corporate entity established by the Imperial Japanese Army to build and operate the Gyeongui Line railway from Gyeongseong (today: Seoul) to Sinuiju.

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Territorial disputes of Japan

Japan is currently engaged in several territorial disputes with nearby countries, including Russia, South Korea, the People's Republic of China, and the Republic of China (Taiwan).

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Territorial evolution of the Ottoman Empire

This is the territorial evolution of the Ottoman Empire during a timespan of seven centuries.

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Territory of Papua

The Territory of Papua comprised the southeastern quarter of the island of New Guinea from 1883 to 1975.

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Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia

The Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia (Gebiet des Militärbefehlshabers in Serbien) was the area of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia that was placed under a military government of occupation by the Wehrmacht following the invasion, occupation and dismantling of Yugoslavia in April 1941.

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Territory of the Saar Basin

The Territory of the Saar Basin (Saarbeckengebiet, Saarterritorium; Le Territoire du Bassin de la Sarre) was a region of Germany occupied and governed by the United Kingdom and France from 1920 to 1935 under a League of Nations mandate.

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Tessaoua

Tessaoua, formerly known as Tessawa, is a city located in the Maradi Region of Niger.

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Teuruarii IV

Teuruarii IV, born Epatiana a Teuruarii (c. 1879 – 1933), was the last King of Rurutu, an island within the larger Austral Islands archipelago, who ruled from around 1886 until the annexation of the island to France in 1900.

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Thanas Ziko Battalion

The Thanas Ziko Battalion (Batalioni "Thanas Ziko"), was a partisan battalion of the Albanian National Liberation Army, founded during the Second World War.

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Thane Bettany

Thane William Howard Hardcastle Christopher Bettany (28 May 1929 – November 2015) was an English actor and former dancer.

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Tharad

Tharad (historically known as Thirpur) is a town in Tharad taluka in the Banaskantha district of the state of Gujarat in India.

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The Black Fleet Crisis

The Black Fleet Crisis is a trilogy set in the ''Star Wars'' expanded universe.

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The Bridge on the Drina

The Bridge on the Drina (Na Drini ćuprija, На Дрини ћуприја) is a historical novel by the Yugoslav writer Ivo Andrić.

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The British Cotton Growing Association

The British Cotton Growing Association (BCGA) was an organisation of the various bodies connected with the Lancashire cotton industry formed in 1902 to reduce that industry’s dependence on supplies of raw cotton from the United States by promoting the development of cotton growing in the British Empire.

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The Cyprus Times

The Cyprus Times, also known at The Times of Cyprus was an English-language newspaper published in Larnaca, in Cyprus from 1880, following the island becoming a British protectorate in 1878.

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The Holocaust in Albania

The Holocaust in Albania consisted of crimes committed against Jews in the Albanian Kingdom by German, Italian and Albanian collaborationist forces while the country was under Italian and German occupation during the Second World War.

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The Holocaust in Belarus

The Holocaust in Belarus in general terms refers to the Nazi crimes committed during World War II on the territory of Belarus against Jews.

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The Jewel of Seven Stars

The Jewel of Seven Stars is a horror novel by Irish writer Bram Stoker, first published by Heinemann in 1903.

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The King and I

The King and I is the fifth musical by the team of composer Richard Rodgers and dramatist Oscar Hammerstein II.

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Thomas Franklin Fairfax Millard

Thomas Franklin Fairfax Millard (born July 8, 1868 in Missouri; died September 7, 1942 in Seattle, Washington) was an American journalist, newspaper editor, founder of the China Weekly Review, author of seven influential books on the Far EastFrench, 30.

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Thomas Lister (regicide)

Thomas Lister (1597–1668) was colonel in the Parliamentary army during the English Civil War and an MP.

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Tibet (1912–1951)

The historical era of Tibet from 1912 to 1951 followed the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1912, and lasted until the invasion of Tibet by the People's Republic of China.

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Tibet Autonomous Region

The Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) or Xizang Autonomous Region, called Tibet or Xizang for short, is a province-level autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Tibet under Qing rule

Tibet under Qing rule refers to the Qing dynasty's rule over Tibet from 1720 to 1912.

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Timeline of 19th-century Muslim history

No description.

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Timeline of Albanian history to 1993

Chronology of Important Events of Albania.

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Timeline of Georgian (country) history

This is a timeline of Georgian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Georgia and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of German history

This is a timeline of German history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Germany and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of Korean history

This is a timeline of the history of Korea.

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Timeline of Malaysian history

This is a timeline of Malaysian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Malaysia and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of Rwandan history

This timeline of Rwandan history is a chronological list of major events related to the human inhabitants of Rwanda.

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Timeline of Serer history

This is a timeline of the history and development of Serer religion and the Serer people of Senegal, The Gambia and Mauritania.

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Timeline of Tanzanian history

This is a timeline of Tanzanian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Tanzania and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of the 20th century

This is a timeline of the 20th century.

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Timeline of the Gwangmu Reform

The following is a timeline of the Gwangmu Reform, which was a reforms for modernize Korea from the late 19th century to the early 20th century.

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Timeline of Tongan history

This is a timeline of Tongan history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Tonga and its predecessor states.

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Times of Cyprus

The Times of Cyprus, also known at The Cyprus Times was an English-language newspaper published in Larnaca, in Cyprus from 1880, following the island becoming a British protectorate in 1878.

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Tiridates III of Armenia

Tiridates III (spelled Trdat; Armenian: Տրդատ Գ; 250–330) was the king of Arsacid Armenia (287–330), and is also known as Tiridates the Great Տրդատ Մեծ; some scholars incorrectly refer to him as Tiridates IV as a result of the fact that Tiridates I of Armenia reigned twice.

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Tobruk

Tobruk or Tubruq (Αντίπυργος) (طبرق Ṭubruq; also transliterated as Tóbruch, Tobruch, Tobruck and Tubruk) is a port city on Libya's eastern Mediterranean coast, near the border of Egypt.

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Togo

Togo, officially the Togolese Republic (République Togolaise), is a sovereign state in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north.

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Togoland

Togoland was a German protectorate in West Africa from 1884 to 1914, encompassing what is now the nation of Togo and most of what is now the Volta Region of Ghana, approximately 77,355 km2 (29,867 sq mi) in size.

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Tokelau

Tokelau (previously known as the Union Islands, and officially as Tokelau Islands until 1976;; lit. "north-northeast") is an island country and dependent territory of New Zealand in the southern Pacific Ocean.

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Tomás Bobadilla

Tomás Bobadilla y Briones (30 March 1785 – 21 December 1871) was a Dominican writer, intellectual and politician.

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Tombo Island

Tombo Island is an island in the Atlantic Ocean at the tip of the Guinean Kaloum Peninsula, approximately east of the Loos Islands.

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Tonga

Tonga (Tongan: Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga), officially the Kingdom of Tonga, is a Polynesian sovereign state and archipelago comprising 169 islands, of which 36 are inhabited.

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Tonga at the 2008 Summer Olympics

Tonga competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics, that celebrated in Beijing, China, from August 8 to August 24, 2008.

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Tonk State

Tonk was a Princely State of India at the time of the British Raj.

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Tonkin (French protectorate)

Tonkin, or Bac Kỳ (北圻), was a French protectorate encompassing modern Northern Vietnam.

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Transcaspian Oblast

The Transcaspian Oblast (Закаспійская область), or just simply Transcaspia (Закаспія), was the section of Russian Empire and early Soviet Russia to the east of the Caspian Sea during the second half of the 19th century until 1924.

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Trần Trọng Kim

Trần Trọng Kim (1883 – December 2, 1953), courtesy name Lệ Thần, was a Vietnamese scholar and politician who served as the Prime Minister of the short-lived Empire of Vietnam, a state established with the support of Imperial Japan in 1945.

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Treadway Russell Nash

Treadway Russell Nash (24 June 1724 page 459 – 26 January 1811Chambers, p464) was English clergyman, now known as an early historian of Worcestershire, and the author of Collections for the History of Worcestershire, an important source document for Worcestershire county histories.

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Treaty of Butre

The Treaty of Butre between the Netherlands and Ahanta was signed at Butre (historical spelling: Boutry), Dutch Gold Coast on 27 August 1656.

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Treaty of Georgievsk

The Treaty of Georgievsk (Георгиевский трактат, Georgievskiy traktat; გეორგიევსკის ტრაქტატი, georgievskis trakt'at'i) was a bilateral treaty concluded between the Russian Empire and the east Georgian kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti on July 24, 1783.

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Treaty of Holston

The Treaty of Holston (or Treaty of the Holston) was a treaty between the United States government and the Cherokee signed on July 2, 1791, and proclaimed on February 7, 1792.

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Treaty of London (1864)

The Treaty of London in 1864 was in regard to the United Kingdom ceding the United States of the Ionian Islands to Greece.

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Treaty of Péronne (1641)

The Treaty of Péronne was signed on September 14, 1641, in Péronne, France between Honoré II, Prince of Monaco, and Louis XIII, King of France.

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Treaty of Sèvres

The Treaty of Sèvres (Traité de Sèvres) was one of a series of treaties that the Central Powers signed after their defeat in World War I. Hostilities had already ended with the Armistice of Mudros.

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Treaty of Wuchale

Treaty of Wuchale (or, Treaty of Ucciale; in Italian, Trattato di Uccialli) was a treaty signed by King Menelik II of Shewa, later the Emperor of Ethiopia with Count Pietro Antonelli of Italy in the town of Wuchale, Ethiopia, on 2 May 1889.

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Tributary state

A tributary state is a term for a pre-modern state in a particular type of subordinate relationship to a more powerful state which involved the sending of a regular token of submission, or tribute, to the superior power.

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Tsugphud Namgyal

Tsugphud Namgyal (Sikkimese:; Wylie: gtsug phud rnam rgyal) (1785–1863) was king of Sikkim from 1793 to 1863.

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Turkistan Islamic Party

The Turkistan Islamic Party (TIP, الحزب الإسلامي التركستاني) or Turkistan Islamic Movement (TIM), formerly known as the East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM) and other names, is an Islamic extremist terrorist organization founded by Uyghur jihadists in western China.

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Tuva

Tuva (Тува́) or Tyva (Тыва), officially the Tyva Republic (p; Тыва Республика, Tyva Respublika), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic, also defined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation as a state).

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Tuvan People's Republic

The Tuvan People's Republic (or People's Republic of Tannu Tuva; Тыва Арат Республик, Tıwa Arat Respublik, Tьva Arat Respuʙlik,; 1921–1944) was a partially recognized independent state in the territory of the former Tuvan protectorate of Imperial Russia also known as Uryankhaisky Krai (Урянхайский край).

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Uganda Legislative Council

The Uganda Legislative Council (LEGCO) was the predecessor of the National Assembly of Uganda, prior to Uganda's independence from Great Britain.

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Uganda People's Congress

The Uganda People's Congress (UPC) is a political party in Uganda.

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Uganda Protectorate

The British Protectorate of Uganda was a protectorate of the British Empire from 1894 to 1962.

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Ukrainian People's Republic

The Ukrainian People's Republic, or Ukrainian National Republic (abbreviated to УНР), was a predecessor of modern Ukraine declared on 10 June 1917 following the Russian Revolution.

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Umm al-Quwain

Umm al-Quwain (أمّ القيوين) is the least populous of the seven sovereign emirates in the United Arab Emirates, located in the north of the country.

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Unification of Saudi Arabia

The unification of Saudi Arabia was a military and political campaign, by which the various tribes, sheikhdoms, city-states, emirates, and kingdoms of most of the Arabian Peninsula were conquered by the House of Saud, or Al Saud, between 1902 and 1932, when the modern-day Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was proclaimed under the leadership of Ibn Saud, creating what is sometimes referred to as the Third Saudi State, to differentiate it from the Emirate of Diriyah, the First Saudi State and the Emirate of Nejd, the Second Saudi State, also House of Saud states.

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Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence

The Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence was issued by the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 28 February 1922.

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Union of Kėdainiai

Union of Kėdainiai (or Agreement of Kėdainiai, Polish: Umowa Kiejdańska) was an agreement between several magnates of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the king of the Swedish Empire, Charles X Gustav.

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United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was established by the Acts of Union 1800, which merged the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland.

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United Malays National Organisation

The United Malays National Organisation (Malay: Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu; Jawi: ڤرتوبوهن کبڠساءن ملايو برساتو, abbreviated UMNO or lesser known as PEKEMBAR) is Malaysia's main opposition political party.

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United States Ambassador to the Republic of the Congo

This is a list of Ambassadors of the United States to the Republic of the Congo.

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United States occupation of Nicaragua

The United States occupation of Nicaragua from 1912 to 1933 was part of the Banana Wars, when the US military forcefully intervened in various Latin American countries from 1898 to 1934.

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United States of the Ionian Islands

The United States of the Ionian Islands (Inoménon Krátos ton Ioníon Níson, literally "United State of the Ionian Islands"; Stati Uniti delle Isole Ionie) was a state and amical protectorate of the United Kingdom between 1815 and 1864.

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United States territorial acquisitions

This is a United States territorial acquisitions and conquests list, beginning with American independence.

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USS Valcour (AVP-55)

USS Valcour (AVP-55), later AGF-1, was a United States Navy ship in commission as a seaplane tender from 1946 to 1965 and as a flagship from 1965 to 1973.

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Uvea (Wallis and Futuna)

Uvea (ʻUvea, Royaume coutumiers de Uvea) is one of the three official chiefdoms (Royaume coutumiers) of the French territory of Wallis and Futuna (the other two being Sigave and Alo) in Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean.

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Uzbeks

The Uzbeks (Oʻzbek/Ўзбек, pl. Oʻzbeklar/Ўзбеклар) are a Turkic ethnic group; the largest Turkic ethnic group in Central Asia.

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Vangunu

Vangunu is an island, part of the New Georgia Islands in the Solomon Islands.

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Vassal

A vassal is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe.

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Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire

Vassal states were a number of tributary or vassal states, usually on the periphery of the Ottoman Empire under suzerainty of the Porte, over which direct control was not established, for various reasons.

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Vassal state

A vassal state is any state that is subordinate to another.

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Vít Jedlička

Vít Jedlička (born 6 September 1983) is a Czech politician, publicist and activist.

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Vella Lavella

Vella Lavella is an island in the Western Province of the Solomon Islands.

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Venetian rule in the Ionian Islands

The Ionian Islands were an overseas possession of the Republic of Venice from the mid-14th century until the late 18th century.

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Victorian era

In the history of the United Kingdom, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901.

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Vogtland

The Vogtland (Fojtsko) is a region reaching across the German free states of Bavaria, Saxony and Thuringia and into the Czech Republic (north-western Bohemia).

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Wainfleet, Lincolnshire

Wainfleet All Saints is an ancient port and market town on the east coast of the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England.

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Wallis and Futuna

Wallis and Futuna, officially the Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands (Wallis-et-Futuna or Territoire des îles Wallis-et-Futuna, Fakauvea and Fakafutuna: Uvea mo Futuna), is a French island collectivity in the South Pacific between Tuvalu to the northwest, Fiji to the southwest, Tonga to the southeast, Samoa to the east, and Tokelau to the northeast.

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Walter Strickland

Walter Strickland (1598? – 1 November 1671) was an English politician and diplomat who held high office during the Protectorate.

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Wangen im Allgäu

Wangen im Allgäu is a historic city in southeast Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Warsangali Sultanate

The Warsangali Sultanate (Saldanadda Warsangeli, سلطنة الورسنجلي) was a Somali Sultanate ruling house centered in northeastern of Somalia.

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Warsheikh

Warsheikh (Warsheekh, وأرشيخ) is a town in the southeastern Middle Shabelle (Shabeellaha Dhexe) region of Somalia.

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Warwick Armstrong

Warwick Windridge Armstrong (22 May 1879 – 13 July 1947) was an Australian cricketer who played 50 Test matches between 1902 and 1921.

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Wayne M. Meyers

Wayne M. Meyers, MD, PhD is an American physician, microbiologist, chemist, humanitarian, and medical missionary.

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Weingarten Abbey

Weingarten Abbey or St.

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Western Rising and disafforestation riots

The Western Rising was a series of riots which took place during 1626–1632 in Gillingham Forest on the Wiltshire-Dorset border, Braydon Forest in Wiltshire, and Dean Forest, Gloucestershire, in response to disafforestation of royal forests, sale of royal lands and enclosure of property by the new owners.

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Western Sahara conflict

No description.

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Western Sahara War

The Western Sahara War (حرب الصحراء الغربية, Guerre du Sahara occidental, Guerra del Sahara Occidental) was an armed struggle between the Sahrawi indigenous Polisario Front and Morocco between 1975 and 1991, being the most significant phase of the Western Sahara conflict.

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William Edmonstone

Admiral Sir William Edmonstone, 4th Baronet CB, DL (29 January 1810 – 18 February 1888), also 14th of Duntreath, was a Scottish naval commander, courtier and Conservative politician.

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William Harris (beachcomber)

William Harris (born in 1812 or 1813,McDANIEL, Carl N. & GOWDY, John M., Paradise for Sale: A Parable of Nature, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000,, pp. 32–35 presumed dead in 1889VIVIANI, Nancy, Nauru: Phosphate and Political Progress, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1970,, p.13) was a British-born beachcomber who settled in pre-colonial Nauru and adopted a Nauruan lifestyle.

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William Jennings Bryan

William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860 – July 26, 1925) was an American orator and politician from Nebraska.

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William Richards (Hawaii)

William Richards (August 22, 1793 – November 7, 1847) was a missionary and politician in the Kingdom of Hawaii.

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Windhoek

Windhoek (Windhuk; ǀAiǁgams; Otjomuise) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Namibia.

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Wituland

Wituland (also Witu, Vitu, Witu Protectorate or Swahililand) was a territory of approximately in East Africa centered on the town of Witu just inland from Indian Ocean port of Lamu north of the mouth of the Tana River in what is now Kenya.

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Women in the Enlightenment

The role of women in the Enlightenment is often debated and frequently overlooked.

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Women in Vietnam

The role of women in Vietnam was subject to many changes throughout the history of Vietnam.

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Worcester College, Oxford

Worcester College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England.

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World War II by country

Nearly every country in the world participated in World War II, with the exception of a few countries that remained neutral.

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World War II in Albania

In Albania, World War II began with the Italian invasion in 1939.

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Xavier de Villepin

Joseph Marie Benoît François Xavier Galouzeau de Villepin (born 14 March 1926 in Brussels, Belgium – 30 October 2014), simply known as Xavier de Villepin, was a former high-ranking civil servant of France, and a former French senator from the center-right UMP party (and before that from the more centrist UDF party).

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Xinjiang conflict

The Xinjiang conflict is an ongoing separatist conflict in China's far-west province of Xinjiang, whose northern region is known as Dzungaria and whose southern region (the Tarim Basin) is known as East Turkestan.

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Yaa Asantewaa

Yaa Asantewaa (Phonetic spelling Yah asante wah) was born October 17, 1840 and she died October 17, 1921.

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Yamagata–Lobanov Agreement

The (Протокол Лобанова — Ямагаты), signed in Saint Petersburg on 9 June 1896, was the second of three agreements signed between the Empire of Japan and the Empire of Russia concerning disputes regarding their sphere of influence over Korea.

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Yatenga Province

Yatenga is one of the provinces of Burkina Faso, located in the Nord Region of the country.

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Yên Bái mutiny

The Yên Bái mutiny (安沛總起義, Tổng khởi-nghĩa Yên-báy) was an uprising of Vietnamese soldiers in the French colonial army on 10 February 1930 in collaboration with civilian supporters who were members of the Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng (VNQDĐ, the Vietnamese Nationalist Party).

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Ye Wanyong

Ye Wanyong (17 July 1858, Seongnam – 12 February 1926), also known as Yi Wan-yong, was a pro-Japanese minister of Korea, who signed the Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty, which placed Korea under Japanese rule in 1910.

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Young Tunisians

The Young Tunisians (حركة الشباب التونسى)(Jeunes Tunisiens) were a political party in Tunisia.

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Yura Halim

Pengiran Muhammad Yusuf bin Abdul Rahim (May 2, 1923 – April 11, 2016), pen name Yura Halim, was a Bruneian politician, civil servant, diplomat, and writer.

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Yusef of Morocco

Yusef ben Hassan (1882 – November 17, 1927) (السلطان يوسف بن الحسن) was a Sultan of the Alaouite dynasty.

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Zaian War

The Zaian (or Zayan) War was fought between France and the Zaian confederation of Berber tribes in Morocco between 1914 and 1921.

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Zainal Abidin III of Terengganu

Sultan Zainal Abidin III Muadzam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Ahmad Muadzam Shah II,, (12 April 1866 – 26 November 1918) was Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of the state of Terengganu from 1881 to 1918.

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Zambezi Region

The Zambezi Region, until 2013 known as the Caprivi Region, is one of the 14 regions of Namibia, located in the extreme north-east of the country.

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Zambia Independence Act 1964

The Zambia Independence Act 1964 (1964 c. 65) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which granted independence to Zambia (formerly the protectorate of Northern Rhodesia) with effect from 24 October 1964.

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Zambian kwacha

The Kwacha (ISO 4217 code: ZMW) is the currency of Zambia.

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Zanzibar

Zanzibar is a semi-autonomous region of Tanzania.

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Zanzibar Revolution

The Zanzibar Revolution occurred in 1964 and led to the overthrow of the Sultan of Zanzibar and his mainly Arab government by local African revolutionaries.

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Zayyanid dynasty

The Zayyanid dynasty (زيانيون, Ziyānyūn) or Abd al-Wadids (بنو عبد الواد, Bānu ʿabd āl-Wād) was a Berber Zenata dynasty that ruled the Kingdom of Tlemcen, an area of northwestern Algeria, centered on Tlemcen.

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Zeila

Zeila (Saylac, زيلع), also known as Zaila or Zeyla, is a port city in the northwestern Awdal region of Somaliland.

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Zog I of Albania

Zog I, King of the Albanians (Nalt Madhnija e Tij Zogu I, Mbreti i Shqiptareve,; 8 October 18959 April 1961), born Ahmet Muhtar Zogolli, taking the surname Zogu in 1922, was the leader of Albania from 1922 to 1939.

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Zula

Zula (زولا, ዙላ) is a small town in central Eritrea.

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1585

No description.

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1620s

The 1620s decade ran from January 1, 1620, to December 31, 1629.

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166

Year 166 (CLXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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171

Year 171 (CLXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1767

No description.

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1768

No description.

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1783

No description.

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1810

No description.

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1810s

The 1810s decade ran from January 1, 1810, to December 31, 1819.

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1818 in India

Events in the year 1818 in India.

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1840s

The 1840s was a decade that ran from January 1, 1840, to December 31, 1849.

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1842

No description.

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1843 in France

Events from the year 1843 in France.

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1867

No description.

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1869

No description.

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1869 in the United Kingdom

Events from the year 1869 in the United Kingdom.

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1880

No description.

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1880s

The 1880s was a decade that began on January 1, 1880, and ended on December 31, 1889.

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1882

No description.

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1882 in the United Kingdom

Events from the year 1882 in the United Kingdom.

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1885 in Germany

Events in the year 1885 in Germany!.

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1885 in the United Kingdom

Events from the year 1885 in the United Kingdom.

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1888 in the United Kingdom

Events from the year 1888 in the United Kingdom.

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1893

No description.

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1900

As of March 1 (O.S. February 17), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until February 28 (O.S. February 15), 2100.

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1900 in the United Kingdom

Events from the year 1900 in the United Kingdom.

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1901

No description.

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1901 in the United States

Events from the year 1901 in the United States.

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1903 Southern African Customs Union Agreement

The 1903 Southern African Customs Union Agreement was a multilateral treaty between the British colonies and protectorates in Southern Africa that created a customs union between the territories.

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1907

No description.

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1912 in France

Events from the year 1912 in France.

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1914

This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after an heir to the Austrian throne was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist.

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1914 in the United Kingdom

Events from the year 1914 in the United Kingdom.

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1920s

The 1920s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1920, and ended on December 31, 1929.

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1922

No description.

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1922 in the United Kingdom

Events from the year 1922 in the United Kingdom.

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1923

No description.

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1930s

The 1930s (pronounced "nineteen-thirties", commonly abbreviated as the "Thirties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1930, and ended on December 31, 1939.

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1947 in Pakistan

Events from the year 1947 in Pakistan.

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1961

As MAD Magazine pointed out on its cover for the March 1961 issue, this was the first "upside-up" year — i.e., one in which the numerals that form the year look the same as when the numerals are rotated upside down, a strobogrammatic number — since 1881.

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1961 in the United Kingdom

Events from the year 1961 in the United Kingdom.

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20th-century events

The 20th-century events include many notable events which occurred throughout the 20th century, which began on January 1, 1901, and ended on December 31, 2000, according to the Gregorian calendar.

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21st Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Skanderbeg

The 21st Waffen Mountain Division of the SS "Skanderbeg" (1st Albanian) was a German mountain infantry division of the Waffen-SS, the armed wing of the German Nazi Party that served alongside, but was never formally part of, the Wehrmacht during World War II.

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32 Demands

The 32 Demands were a list of proposals for governmental reform issued by the Committee to Settle the Monopoly Bureau Incident (also known as Settlement Committee, 228事件處理委員會 or People's Purge Committee) during the February 28 Incident which occurred in Taiwan in 1947.

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4th "Ali Demi" Battalion

The 4th "Ali Demi" Battalion (Batallioni IV "Ali Demi", Δ' Τάγμα "Αλή Ντέμη") was a battalion under the 15th Regiment of Greek People's Liberation Army, founded during the Second World War.

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51st state

The "51st state", in post-1959 American political discourse, is a phrase that refers to areas or locales that are – seriously or facetiously – considered candidates for U.S. statehood, joining the 50 states that presently compose the United States.

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6th Division (Australia)

The 6th Division was an infantry division of the Australian Army.

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7th Dalai Lama

Kelzang Gyatso (1708–1757), also spelled Kalzang Gyatso, Kelsang Gyatso and Kezang Gyatso, was the 7th Dalai Lama of Tibet.

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930

Year 930 (CMXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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951

Year 951 (CMLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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Redirects here:

Amical protection, Amical protectorate, Joint protectorate, Military protectorate, Protected state, Protected states, Protectorate (international law), Protectorates, Schutzgebiet.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorate