Prussia (region)

Prussia (Old Prussian: Prūsa, Preußen, Prūsija, Prusy, tr) is a historical region in Europe, stretching from Gdańsk Bay to the end of Curonian Spit on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea, and extending inland as far as Masuria. ^[1]

Administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

The administrative division of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the result of the long and complicated history of the fragmentation of the Polish Kingdom and the union of Poland and Lithuania.

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Albert III, Duke of Austria

Albert III of Austria (9 September 1349 – 29 August 1395), known as Albert with the Braid (Pigtail) (Albrecht mit dem Zopf), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria from 1365 until his death.

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Albert Suerbeer

Albert Suerbeer (ca. 1200 – 1273) was the first Archbishop of Riga in Livonia.

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Albert, Duke of Prussia

Albert of Prussia (Albrecht von Preussen, 17 May 149020 March 1568) was the 37th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, who after converting to Lutheranism, became the first ruler of the Duchy of Prussia, the secularized state that emerged from the former Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights.

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Altstadt (Königsberg)

Altstadt's marketplace Coat of arms of Altstadt Altstadt (Senamiestis; Stare Miasto) was a quarter of central Königsberg, Germany.

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Amber

Amber is fossilized tree resin, which has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since Neolithic times.

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Anna, Grand Duchess of Lithuania

Anna (Ona Vytautienė; died on 31 July 1418 in Trakai) was Grand Duchess of Lithuania (1392–1418).

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Łajs

Łajs (Layß) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Purda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Łęcze

Łęcze (Lenzen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tolkmicko, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Łoźnik

Łoźnik (Lotterfeld) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Łupstych, Olsztyn County

Łupstych (Abstich) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gietrzwałd, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Świątki, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Świątki (Heiligenthal) is a village in Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Świętnik

Świętnik (Heiligenfelde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lidzbark Warmiński, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Żegoty

Żegoty (Siegfriedswalde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kiwity, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Żugienie

Żugienie (Sugnienen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Bałąg

Bałąg (Ballingen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jonkowo, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Balthasar of Żagań

Balthasar, Duke of Żagań (Baltazar żagański; – Przewóz, 15 July 1472), was a Duke of Żagań-Przewóz since 1439 (with his brothers as co-rulers until 1449), from 1449 Duke of Żagań.

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Baltic Tribes (film)

Baltic Tribes (Baltu ciltis) is a 2018 Latvian popular science documentary film on the 13th century Baltic people co-directed by Lauris Ābele and Raitis Ābele and written by Toms Ķencis.

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Baltiysk

Baltiysk (Балти́йск), before 1946 known by its German name Pillau (Piława; Piliava; Yiddish: פּילאַווע, Pilave), is a seaport town and the administrative center of Baltiysky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the northern part of the Vistula Spit, on the shore of the Strait of Baltiysk separating the Vistula Lagoon from the Gdańsk Bay.

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Baranówka, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Baranówka (Schafsberg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Frombork, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Barczewko

Barczewko (Altwartenburg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barczewo, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Bartąg

Bartąg (Bertung) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stawiguda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Battle of Durbe

The Battle of Durbe (Durbes kauja, Durbės mūšis, Schlacht an der Durbe) was a medieval battle fought near Durbe, east of Liepāja, in present-day Latvia during the Livonian Crusade.

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Battle of Saule

The Battle of Saule (Saulės mūšis or Šiaulių mūšis; Schlacht von Schaulen; Saules kauja) was fought on 22 September 1236, between the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and pagan Samogitians.

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Bayernburg

Bayernburg (German for "Bavarian Castle"; Bajenburgas) is the name of three separate wooden castles of the Teutonic Order in different locations along the Neman River in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the Lithuanian Crusade.

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Benjamin Petre

Benjamin Petre (10 August 1672 – 22 December 1758) was an English Roman Catholic prelate, Vicar Apostolic of the London District from 1734.

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Białczyn

Białczyn (Lilienthal) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Białogarda

Białogarda (Biôłogarda, Belgard an der Leba) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wicko, within Lębork County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Biedkowo

Biedkowo (Betkendorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Frombork, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Biegonity

Biegonity (Begnitten) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Bisztynek, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Biesowo

Biesowo (Groß Bössau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Biskupiec, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Bishopric of Pomesania

The Bishopric of Pomesania (Bistum Pomesanien; Diecezja pomezańska) was a Catholic diocese in the Prussian regions of Pomesania and Pogesania, in northern modern Poland until the 16th century, then shortly a Lutheran diocese, and became a Latin titular see.

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Bobrownik

Bobrownik (Bevernick) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lidzbark Warmiński, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Bogatyńskie

Bogatyńskie (Tüngen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Orneta, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Bogdany, Braniewo County

Bogdany (Sonnenberg, Kreis Frauenburg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Frombork, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Bornity

Bornity (Bornitt) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Brandenburg-Prussia

Brandenburg-Prussia (Brandenburg-Preußen) is the historiographic denomination for the Early Modern realm of the Brandenburgian Hohenzollerns between 1618 and 1701.

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Brąswałd

Brąswałd (Braunswalde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dywity, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Bruno of Querfurt

Saint Bruno of Querfurt (974 – 14 February 1009 AD), also known as Brun and Boniface, was a missionary bishop and martyr, who was beheaded near the border of Kievan Rus and Lithuania while trying to spread Christianity in Eastern Europe.

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Brzostki

Brzostki (Freihagen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Brzydowo, Olsztyn County

Brzydowo (Seubersdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świątki, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Budzisz

Budzisz (Budisch) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dzierzgoń, within Sztum County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Bukwałd

Bukwałd (Groß Buchwalde) is a village in northern Poland.

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Bunge Church

Bunge Church (Bunge kyrka) is a medieval Lutheran church in Bunge on the Swedish island of Gotland, in the Diocese of Visby (Sweden).

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Burchard von Schwanden

Burchard von Schwanden (also Burkhard; died 1310) was the 12th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1282 or 1283-1290.

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Burzenland

Țara Bârsei or the Burzenland (Țara Bârsei; Barcaság) is a historic and ethnographic area in southeastern Transylvania, Romania with a mixed population of Romanians, Germans and Hungarians.

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Casimir IV Jagiellon

Casimir IV KG (Kazimierz IV Andrzej Jagiellończyk; Kazimieras Jogailaitis; 30 November 1427 – 7 June 1492) of the Jagiellonian dynasty was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440 and King of Poland from 1447, until his death.

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Caspar Hennenberger

Caspar Hennenberger (also Kaspar, Henneberger, Hennenberg, or Henneberg) (1529 – 29 February 1600) was a German Lutheran pastor, historian and cartographer.

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Cerkiewnik

Cerkiewnik (Münsterberg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobre Miasto, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Chaberkowo

Chaberkowo (Neu Wuttrienen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Purda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Chełmno Land

Chełmno land (ziemia chełmińska,, Old Prussian: Kulma, Kulmo žemė) is a historical region, located in central-northern Poland.

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Christian of Oliva

Christian of Oliva (Christian z Oliwy), also Christian of Prussia (Christian von Preußen) (died 4 December(?) 1245) was the first missionary bishop of Prussia.

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Christianity and Paganism

Paganism is commonly used to refer to various, largely unconnected religions from the time period, such as the Greco-Roman religions of the Roman Empire, including the Roman imperial cult, the various mystery religions, monotheistic religions such as Neoplatonism and Gnosticism, and more localized ethnic religions practiced both inside and outside the Empire.

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Christoph Hartknoch

Christoph Hartknoch (1644–1687) was a Prussian historian and educator.

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Chronicon terrae Prussiae

Chronicon terrae Prussiae (Latin for "The Chronicle of the Prussian Land") is a chronicle of the Teutonic Knights, by Peter of Dusburg, finished in 1326.

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Ciechanów Land

Ciechanów Land (Polish: ziemia ciechanowska), named after the town of Ciechanów was an administrative unit (ziemia) of both the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Civitas Schinesghe

Civitas Schinesghe is the first recorded name related to Poland as a political entity (the name is a Latinization of hrady knezske or grody książęce, "ducal forts/oppidia") first attested in 991/2.

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Cog (ship)

A cog is a type of ship that first appeared in the 10th century, and was widely used from around the 12th century on.

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Constitution of Prussia (1850)

The Constitution of Prussia (Verfassung für den Preußischen Staat) was adopted on 31 January 1850, and amended in the following years.

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Crusade of 1197

The Crusade of 1197, also known as the Crusade of Henry VI (Kreuzzug Heinrichs VI.) or the German Crusade (Deutscher Kreuzzug) was a crusade launched by the Hohenstaufen emperor Henry VI in response to the aborted attempt of his father, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa during the Third Crusade in 1189–90.

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Crusader states

The Crusader states, also known as Outremer, were a number of mostly 12th- and 13th-century feudal Christian states created by Western European crusaders in Asia Minor, Greece and the Holy Land, and during the Northern Crusades in the eastern Baltic area.

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Czarny Kierz

Czarny Kierz (Blumenau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kiwity, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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David of Hrodna

David (Давыд Гарадзенскі, Dovydas Gardiniškis, killed in 1326) was a castellan of Hrodna and one of the most famous military commanders of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.

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Dąbrówka Malborska

Dąbrówka Malborska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stary Targ, within Sztum County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Demity

Demity (Demuth) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Płoskinia, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Denazification

Denazification (Entnazifizierung) was an Allied initiative to rid German and Austrian society, culture, press, economy, judiciary, and politics of any remnants of the National Socialist ideology (Nazism).

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Derc

Derc (Derz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeziorany, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Diocese of Samland

The Bishopric of Samland (Bistum Samland) was a bishopric in Samland (Sambia) in medieval Prussia.

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Dominic of Prussia

Dominic of Prussia (Dominikus von Preußen; Dominicus Prutenus) (1382–1461) was a Carthusian monk.

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Dominium maris baltici

The establishment of a dominium maris baltici ("Baltic Sea dominion") was one of the primary political aims of the Danish and Swedish kingdoms in the late medieval and early modern eras.

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Dorotowo, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Dorotowo (Darethen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stawiguda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Drwęca, Lidzbark County

Drwęca (Drewenz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lidzbark Warmiński, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Duchy of Pomerania

The Duchy of Pomerania (Herzogtum Pommern, Księstwo Pomorskie, 12th century – 1637) was a duchy in Pomerania on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, ruled by dukes of the House of Pomerania (Griffins).

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Duchy of Prussia

The Duchy of Prussia (Herzogtum Preußen, Księstwo Pruskie) or Ducal Prussia (Herzogliches Preußen, Prusy Książęce) was a duchy in the region of Prussia established as a result of secularization of the State of the Teutonic Order during the Protestant Reformation in 1525.

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Dywity

Dywity (Diwitten) is a village in Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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East Prussia

East Prussia (Ostpreußen,; Prusy Wschodnie; Rytų Prūsija; Borussia orientalis; Восточная Пруссия) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1773 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia, until 1945.

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Elasmosaurus

Elasmosaurus is a genus of plesiosaur that lived in North America during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous period, about 80.5million years ago.

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Evangelical Lutheran Church in Lithuania

The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Lithuania (Lietuvos Evangelikų Liuteronų Bažnyčia, ELCL) is a Lutheran church body comprising congregations in Lithuania.

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Finck von Finckenstein

Finck von Finckenstein is a noble family classified as Uradel (German for 'ancient nobility').

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Finke coat of arms

Fincke coat of arms (also Finckenstein coat of arms or Finke coat of arms) are a German coat of arms, also used in Poland.

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Fiszewo, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Fiszewo (Fischau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gronowo Elbląskie, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Frederick of Saxony (Teutonic Knight)

Duke Frederick of Saxony (26 October 1473 – 14 December 1510), also known as Friedrich von Sachsen or Friedrich von Wettin, was the 36th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1498–1510.

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Freiheit (Königsberg)

A Freiheit (German for liberty or freedom; plural Freiheiten) was a quarter of medieval Königsberg, Prussia.

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Friedeburgh

Friedeburgh or Friedeburg was a short-lived castle of the Teutonic Order in Samogitia (exact location is unknown).

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Frombork

Frombork is a town in northern Poland, on the Vistula Lagoon, in Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.

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Gady, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Gady (Jadden) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dywity, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Gajle

Gajle (Gayl) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Galindians

Galindians were two distinct, and now extinct, tribes of the Balts.

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Gaudyny

Gaudyny (Gauden) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Gągławki

Gągławki (Ganglau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stawiguda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Głotowo

Głotowo (Glottau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobre Miasto, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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German Reich

Deutsches Reich was the official name for the German nation state from 1871 to 1945 in the German language.

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German town law

The German town law (Deutsches Stadtrecht) or German municipal concerns (Deutsches Städtewesen) was a set of early town privileges based on the Magdeburg rights developed by Otto I. The Magdeburg Law became the inspiration for regional town charters not only in Germany, but also in Central and Eastern Europe who modified it during the Middle Ages.

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Germania Slavica

Germania Slavica, a historiographic term used since the 1950s, denotes the medieval contact zone between Germans and Slavs in Central Europe.

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Giżycko

Giżycko (Lėcius; former Lec) is a town in northeastern Poland with 29,796 inhabitants (2004).

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Glądy, Braniewo County

Glądy (Glanden) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Godki

Godki (Gottken) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jonkowo, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Golden Bull of Rimini

The Golden Bull of Rimini was a Golden Bull issued by Emperor Frederick II, at his court in Rimini in March 1226 to confirm the Teutonic Knights' possessions in Prussia.

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Gollub War

The Gollub War was a two-month war of the Teutonic Knights against the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1422.

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Gottfried von Hohenlohe

Gottfried von Hohenlohe (1265 – 19 October 1310) was the 14th Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, serving from 1297 to 1303.

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Gradki

Gradki (Gradtken) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dywity, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Grand Master of the Teutonic Order

The Grand Master (Hochmeister; Magister generalis) is the holder of the supreme office of the Teutonic Order. It is equivalent to the grand master of other military orders and the superior general in non-military Roman Catholic religious orders. Hochmeister, literally "high master", is only used in reference to the Teutonic Order, as Großmeister ("grand master") is used in German to refer to the leaders of other orders of knighthood. An early version of the full title in Latin was Magister Hospitalis Sanctae Mariae Alemannorum Hierosolymitani. Since 1216, the full title Magister Hospitalis Domus Sanctae Mariae Teutonicorum Hierosolymitani ("Master of the Hospital House of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the Germans of Jerusalem") was used. The offices of Hochmeister and Deutschmeister (Magister Germaniae) were united in 1525. The title of Magister Germaniae had been introduced in 1219 as the head of the bailiwicks in the Holy Roman Empire, from 1381 also those in Italy, raised to the rank of a prince of the Holy Roman Empire in 1494, but merged with the office of grand master under Walter von Cronberg in 1525, from which time the head of the order had the title of Hoch- und Deutschmeister.

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Great Northern War plague outbreak

During the Great Northern War (1700–1721), many towns and areas of the Circum-Baltic and East-Central Europe suffered from a severe outbreak of the plague with a peak from 1708 to 1712.

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Gronity

Gronity (Gronitten) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gietrzwałd, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Gronowo Elbląskie

Gronowo Elbląskie (Grunau) is a village in Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Gryźliny, Olsztyn County

Gryźliny (Grieslienen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stawiguda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Grzęda, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Grzęda (Sturmhübel) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bisztynek, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Hans Gude

Hans Fredrik Gude (13 March 1825 – 17 August 1903) was a Norwegian romanticist painter and is considered along with Johan Christian Dahl to be one of Norway's foremost landscape painters.

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Hanseatic League

The Hanseatic League (Middle Low German: Hanse, Düdesche Hanse, Hansa; Standard German: Deutsche Hanse; Latin: Hansa Teutonica) was a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in Northwestern and Central Europe.

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Hartmann von Heldrungen

Hartmann von Heldrungen (died 19 August 1283) was the 11th Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, serving from 1273 to 1283.

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Heinrich Reffle von Richtenberg

Heinrich Reffle von Richtenberg (died 1477) was the 33rd Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, serving from 1470 to 1477.

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Heinrich Reuß von Plauen

Heinrich Reuß von Plauen (died 2 January 1470) was the 32nd Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, serving from 1467 to 1470.

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Heinrich von Hohenlohe

Heinrich von Hohenlohe (died 15 July 1249) was the seventh Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, serving between 1244 and 1249.

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Heinrich von Plauen

Heinrich von Plauen (the Elder) (ca. 1370–1429) was the 27th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from November 1410 to October 1413.

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Heinrich von Plötzke

Heinrich von Plötzke (1264 in Płock, Masovia, Poland – 27 July 1320 in Medininkai, Lithuania) was an officer of the Teutonic Order during the late 13th and early 14th centuries.

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Henry II the Pious

Henry II the Pious (Henryk II Pobożny) (1196 – 9 April 1241),*Cawley, Charles; Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, Medieval Lands Project; Silesia v3.0; Dukes of Breslau (Wrocław) and Lower Silesia 1163–1278 (Piast) (Chap 4); Heinrich II Duke of Lower Silesia; retrieved May 2015.

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Henrykowo, Lidzbark County

Henrykowo (German: Heinrikau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Orneta, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Hermann Balk

Hermann Balk (died March 5, 1239, Würzburg), also known as Hermann von Balk or Hermann Balke, was a Knight-Brother of the Teutonic Order and its first Landmeister, or Provincial Master, in both Prussia and Livonia.

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Hermann von Salza

Hermann von Salza (or Hermann of Salza; c. 1165 – March 20, 1239) was the fourth Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1210 to 1239.

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History of German settlement in Central and Eastern Europe

The presence of German-speaking populations in Central and Eastern Europe is rooted in centuries of history, with the settling in northeastern Europe of Germanic peoples predating even the founding of the Roman Empire.

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History of Poland

The history of Poland has its roots in the migrations of Slavs, who established permanent settlements in the Polish lands during the Early Middle Ages.

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History of Poland during the Jagiellonian dynasty

The rule of the Jagiellonian dynasty in Poland between 1386 and 1572 spans the late Middle Ages and early Modern Era in European history.

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History of Poland during the Piast dynasty

The period of rule by the Piast dynasty between the 10th and 14th centuries is the first major stage of the history of the Polish nation.

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History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)

History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764) covers a period in the history of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, from the time their joint state became the theater of wars and invasions fought on a great scale in the middle of the 17th century, to the time just before the election of Stanisław August Poniatowski, the last king of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Hohenstaufen

The Staufer, also known as the House of Staufen, or of Hohenstaufen, were a dynasty of German kings (1138–1254) during the Middle Ages.

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Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.

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House of Vasa

The House of Vasa (Vasaätten, Wazowie, Vaza) was an early modern royal house founded in 1523 in Sweden, ruling Sweden 1523–1654, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1587–1668, and the Tsardom of Russia 1610–1613 (titular until 1634).

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Hunger War

The Hunger War or Famine War was a brief conflict between the allied Kingdom of Poland, and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, against the Teutonic Knights in summer 1414 in an attempt to resolve territorial disputes.

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Iława

Iława (Deutsch Eylau) is a town in northeastern Poland with 32,276 inhabitants (2010).

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Ignalin, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Ignalin (Reimerswalde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lidzbark Warmiński, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Ius indigenatus

Ius indigenatus (Latin for "right of local birth") is a right which was from the 15th to the 18th century a requirement for people to hold office in Prussia.

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Jan Bażyński

Hans von Baysen or Jan Bażyński (1394 – 1459) was a Prussian knight and statesman, leader of the Prussian Confederation and the first Polish governor of Royal Prussia.

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Jan Kropidło

Jan Kropidło (1360 or 1364 – 3 March 1421), was an ecclesiastic leader in Poland during the late Middle Ages.

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Jarandowo

Jarandowo (Süßenberg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lidzbark Warmiński, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Jasna, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Jasna (Lichtfelde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dzierzgoń, within Sztum County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Jean de Werchin

Jean III de Werchin (1374 – 25 October 1415), called the Good (le Bon), was a knight errant and poet from the County of Hainaut in the Holy Roman Empire.

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Jegłownik

Jegłownik (Fichthorst) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gronowo Elbląskie, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Jesionowo, Braniewo County

Jesionowo (Eschenau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Jeziorko, Braniewo County

Jeziorko (Seefeld) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Johann von Posilge

Johann von Posilge (c. 1340 – 1405) was a parish priest of Deutsch Eylau (Iława) and later assistant to Bishop of Pomesania.

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Johann von Tiefen

Johann von Tiefen (died 25 August 1497) was the 35th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1489 to 1497.

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Johannes von Leysen

Johannes von Leysen (also Leyssen, Laissen, Layß, Jan z Łajs; 1310 – 1388) was the first mayor of Allenstein (Polish: Olsztyn), Warmia in Prussia (now in Poland) in 1353.

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John Canaparius

John Canaparius (Johannes Canaparius) was a Benedictine monk at the Aventine monastery in Rome.

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John of Falkenberg

John of Falkenberg or Johannes Falkenberg (born in Falkenberg, Pomerania, date unknown; died about 1418 in Italy — or, according to other accounts, in his native town) was a German Dominican theologian and writer.

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John Waterton

John Waterton (died 1417) was an English landowner, administrator, courtier, diplomat, and politician who sat in the Parliament of England.

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Jonkowo

Jonkowo (Jonkendorf) is a village in Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Jutta of Kulmsee

Saint Jutta, T.O.S.F., (Judith) or Jutta of Kulmsee or Jutta of Sangerhausen or Jutta of Thuringia was born ca.

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Kadyny

Kadyny (Cadinen) is a village of Gmina Tolkmicko, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Kaliningrad Oblast

Kaliningrad Oblast (Калинингра́дская о́бласть, Kaliningradskaya oblast), often referred to as the Kaliningrad Region in English, or simply Kaliningrad, is a federal subject of the Russian Federation that is located on the coast of the Baltic Sea.

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Karbowo, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Karbowo (Groß Karben) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Orneta, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Karl von Trier

Karl Bessart von Trier (1265 – February 11, 1324) was the 16th Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, serving from 1311-24.

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Karszewo, Elbląg County

Karszewo (Karschau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Młynary, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Königsberg

Königsberg is the name for a former German city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia.

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Kłobia, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Kłobia (Kloben) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świątki, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Kierpajny Małe

Kierpajny Małe (Klein Körpen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Kiersiny

Kiersiny (Kierschienen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Kiersztanowo, Olsztyn County

Kiersztanowo (Kirschdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeziorany, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Kikity

Kikity (Kekitten) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeziorany, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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King in Prussia

King in Prussia was a title used by the Electors of Brandenburg from 1701 to 1772.

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Kingdom of Prussia

The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.

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Kisielice

Kisielice (Freystadt in Westpreußen) is a town in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland, with 2,222 inhabitants (2004).

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Kiwity, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Kiwity (Kiwitten) is a village in Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Klaipėda Region

The Klaipėda Region (Klaipėdos kraštas) or Memel Territory (Memelland or Memelgebiet) was defined by the Treaty of Versailles in 1920 and refers to the most northern part of the German province of East Prussia, when as Memelland it was put under the administration of the Council of Ambassadors.

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Klebark Mały

Klebark Mały (Klein Kleeberg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Purda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Klebark Wielki

Klebark Wielki (Groß Kleeberg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Purda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Klewki, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Klewki (Klaukendorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Purda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Klony, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Klony (Kleinenfeld) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świątki, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Klucznik

Klucznik (Klutznick) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barczewo, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Knopin

Knopin (Knopen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobre Miasto, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Kolenko

Kolenko (Klein Köllen) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Kolno, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Kominki

Kominki (Komienen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kolno, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Konrad I of Masovia

Konrad I of Masovia (Konrad I Mazowiecki) (ca. 1187/88 – 31 August 1247), from the Polish Piast dynasty, was the sixth Duke of Masovia and Kujawy from 1194 until his death as well as High Duke of Poland from 1229 to 1232 and again from 1241 to 1243.

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Konrad von Wallenrode

Konrad von Wallenrode (c. 1330s – 23 July 1393) was the 24th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1391 to 1393.

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Kotowo, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Kotowo (Katzen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lidzbark Warmiński, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Kowale, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Kowale (Schönsee) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Kraszewo, Lidzbark County

Kraszewo (Reichenberg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lidzbark Warmiński, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Krokowo, Olsztyn County

Krokowo (Krokau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeziorany, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Kromerowo

Kromerowo (Krämersdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barczewo, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Kronowo, Olsztyn County

Kronowo (Cronau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barczewo, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Krzewina, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Krzewina (Strauchmühl) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bisztynek, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Krzywiec, Braniewo County

Krzywiec (Dittersdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Frombork, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Księżno, Bartoszyce County

Księżno (Fürstenau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bisztynek, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Kunik, Poland

Kunik (Windenhof) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobre Miasto, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Kursenieki

The Kuršininkai (Curonians; Kuren; kuršininkai, kuršiai; kursenieki, kurši; Kuronowie pruscy) are a nearly extinct Baltic ethnic group living along the Curonian Spit.

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Kwidzyn

Kwidzyn (Latin: Quedin; Marienwerder; Prussian: Kwēdina) is a town in northern Poland on the Liwa river in the Powiśle (right bank of Vistula) region, with 40,008 inhabitants (2004).

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Kwiecewo

Kwiecewo (Queetz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świątki, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Kwietnik, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Kwietnik (Blumenau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Młynary, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Lamkowo

Lamkowo (Groß Lemkendorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barczewo, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Leopold Prowe

Leopold Friedrich Prowe (14 October 1821 – 26 September 1887) was a German historian and gymnasium instructor, born as the son of a town councillor of Thorn in West Prussia (now in Poland), the town where in 1473 the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus was born.

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Lietuwißka Ceitunga

The Lietuwißka Ceitunga (literally: Lithuanian Newspaper) was an influential Lithuanian-language newspaper published for Prussian Lithuanians, an ethnic minority of East Prussia, a province of the German Empire.

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List of church frescos in Sweden

This is a list of church frescos in Sweden which are also referred to as ceiling paintings, wall paintings or murals.

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List of contemporary ethnic groups

The following is a list of contemporary ethnic groups.

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List of country-name etymologies

This list covers English language country names with their etymologies.

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List of Germans

This is a list of notable Germans or German-speaking or -writing persons.

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List of historical period drama films and series set in Near Eastern and Western civilization

The historical period drama is a film genre in which stories are based upon historical events and famous people.

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List of historical regions of Central Europe

There are many historical regions of Central Europe.

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List of Lithuanian mythological figures

The list of Lithuanian gods is reconstructed based on scarce written sources and late folklore.

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Lithuania Minor

Lithuania Minor (Mažoji Lietuva; Kleinlitauen; Litwa Mniejsza; Máлая Литвá) or Prussian Lithuania (Prūsų Lietuva; Preußisch-Litauen, Litwa Pruska) is a historical ethnographic region of Prussia, later East Prussia in Germany, where Prussian Lithuanians or Lietuvininkai lived.

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Lithuanian Civil War (1389–92)

The Lithuanian Civil War of 1389–92 was the second civil conflict between Jogaila, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his cousin Vytautas.

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Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)

The Lithuanian Civil War of 1432–1438 was a conflict over the succession to the throne of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after Vytautas the Great died in 1430 without leaving an heir.

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Lithuanian Crusade

The Lithuanian Crusade was a series of campaigns by the Teutonic Order and the Livonian Order, two crusading military orders, to convert the pagan Grand Duchy of Lithuania into Roman Catholicism.

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Lithuanian long currency

The so-called Lithuanian long currency was a type of money used by the Baltic tribes and in the early Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 12th–15th centuries.

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Lithuanian mythology

Lithuanian mythology is a type of Baltic mythology, developed by Lithuanians throughout the centuries.

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Lithuanians

Lithuanians (lietuviai, singular lietuvis/lietuvė) are a Baltic ethnic group, native to Lithuania, where they number around 2,561,300 people.

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Livonian Crusade

The Livonian Crusade refers to the conquest of the territory constituting modern Latvia and Estonia during the pope-sanctioned Northern Crusades, performed mostly by Germans from the Holy Roman Empire and Danes.

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Lubawa

Lubawa (Löbau in Westpreußen, Old Prussian: Lūbawa) is a town in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland.

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Lubianka, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Lubianka (Liebenthal) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Luther von Braunschweig

Luther von Braunschweig (also known as Lothar of Brunswick; – 18 April 1335) was the 18th Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, serving from 1331 until his death.

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Magdeburg rights

Magdeburg rights (Magdeburger Recht; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages, granted by the local ruler.

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Majdy

Majdy (Mauden) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stawiguda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Maków, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Maków (Makohlen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kiwity, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Malbork

Malbork (Marienburg; Civitas Beatae Virginis) is a town in northern Poland in the Żuławy region (Vistula delta), with 38,478 inhabitants (2006).

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Malbork Castle

The Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork (zamek w Malborku; Ordensburg Marienburg) was built in the 13th century in Prussia and is currently located near the town of Malbork, Poland.

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Malbork Voivodeship

The Malbork Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo malborskie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland from 1454/1466 until the partitions in 1772–1795.

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Mamonovo

Mamonovo (Мамоново), prior to 1945 known by its German name Heiligenbeil (Święta Siekierka or Świętomiejsce; Šventpilis; Prussian: Swintamīstan), is a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia.

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Martin Truchseß von Wetzhausen

Martin Truchseß von Wetzhausen zu Dachsbach (c. 1435 – 3 January 1489) was the 34th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1477-1489.

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Maruny

Maruny (Groß Maraunen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barczewo, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Masurian dialect

The Masurian ethnolect (Masurian: Mazurská gádka/Mazurská gádkia; Mazurski; Masurisch), according to some linguists, is a dialect group of the Polish language; others consider Masurian as a separate language, spoken by Masurians in a part of East Prussia that is now in Poland.

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Max von Sydow

Max von Sydow (born Carl Adolf von Sydow, 10 April 1929) is a Swedish actor.

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Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria

Maximilian III of Austria, also known as Maximilian the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights (12 October 1558 – 2 November 1618) was the Archduke of Further Austria from 1612 until his death.

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Mazovia

Mazovia (Mazowsze) is a historical region (dzielnica) in mid-north-eastern Poland.

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Medyny

Medyny (Medien) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lidzbark Warmiński, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Military history of Germany

I found the two German commanders documents of 1920 during the digging land in ukraine contact number 00380638775589 While German-speaking people have a long history, Germany as a nation state dates only from 1871.

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Mingajny

Mingajny (Migehnen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Orneta, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Miodówko

Miodówko (Honigswalde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stawiguda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Mitteleuropa

Mitteleuropa, meaning Middle Europe, is one of the German terms for Central Europe.

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Modliny

Modliny (Modlainen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeziorany, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Morąg

Morąg (Mohrungen) is a town in northern Poland in Ostróda County in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.

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Najdymowo

Najdymowo (Neudims)) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Biskupiec, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Biskupiec and north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn. While traditionally Prussian, with the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466 the area became part of the Kingdom of Poland until 1772; 1772-1945 Kingdom of Prussia and Germany (East Prussia). The village has a population of 1,250.

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Narusa

Narusa (Narz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Frombork, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Nasy

Nasy (Nassen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Biskupiec, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Nesterov

Nesterov (Не́стеров), until 1938 known by its German name Stallupönen (Stalupėnai; Stołupiany) and in 1938-1946 as Ebenrode, is a town and the administrative center of Nesterovsky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located east of Kaliningrad, the administrative center of the oblast, near the Russian-Lithuanian border on the railway connecting Kaliningrad Oblast with Moscow.

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Nicholas von Renys

Nicholas von Renys (Nikolaus von Renys; Mikołaj z Ryńska) (1360–1411) was a secular member of the Teutonic Knights and a participant in the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War (1409–1411).

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Nicolaus Copernicus

Nicolaus Copernicus (Mikołaj Kopernik; Nikolaus Kopernikus; Niklas Koppernigk; 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance-era mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe, likely independently of Aristarchus of Samos, who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier.

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Nikielkowo

Nikielkowo (Nickelsdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barczewo, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Nikolaus von Jeroschin

Nikolaus von Jeroschin (ca. 1290-1341) was a 14th-century German chronicler of the Teutonic Knights in Prussia.

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Northern Crusades

The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were religious wars undertaken by Catholic Christian military orders and kingdoms, primarily against the pagan Baltic, Finnic and West Slavic peoples around the southern and eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, and to a lesser extent also against Orthodox Christian Slavs (East Slavs).

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Nowa Kaletka

Nowa Kaletka (Neu Kaletka) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Purda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Nowa Wieś, Olsztyn County

Nowa Wieś (Neu Bartelsdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Purda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Nowe Kawkowo

Nowe Kawkowo (Neu Kockendorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jonkowo, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Nowinka, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Nowinka (Neuendorf-Kämmereidorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tolkmicko, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Old Prussia (disambiguation)

Old Prussia may refer to different entities, which were also territorially defined.

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Old Prussian language

Old Prussian is an extinct Baltic language once spoken by the Old Prussians, the Baltic peoples of Prussia (not to be confused with the later and much larger German state of the same name)—after 1945 northeastern Poland, the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia and southernmost part of Lithuania.

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Old Prussians

Old Prussians or Baltic Prussians (Old Prussian: Prūsai; Pruzzen or Prußen; Pruteni; Prūši; Prūsai; Prusowie; Prësowié) refers to the indigenous peoples from a cluster of Baltic tribes that inhabited the region of Prussia.

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Olsztynek

Olsztynek (Hohenstein in Ostpreußen) is a town in Olsztyn County, in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship of Poland.

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Opin

Opin (German: Open) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Orneta, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Order of Dobrzyń

The Order of Dobrzyń (Zakon Dobrzyński) or Order of Dobrin (Orden von Dobrin), also known as the Brothers of Dobrzyń (Bracia Dobrzyńscy), was a military order created in the borderland of Masovia and Prussia (today's Dobrzyń Land, Poland) during the 13th century Prussian Crusade to 'defend against Baltic Prussian raids'.

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Ostsiedlung

Ostsiedlung (literally east settling), in English called the German eastward expansion, was the medieval eastward migration and settlement of Germanic-speaking peoples from the Holy Roman Empire, especially its southern and western portions, into less-populated regions of Central Europe, parts of west Eastern Europe, and the Baltics.

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Otry

Otry (Ottern) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kolno, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Owczarnia, Olsztyn County

Owczarnia (Neu Bertung) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Stawiguda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Pagėgiai

Pagėgiai (Pogegen) is a city in the south western Lithuania.

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Pajtuny, Braniewo County

Pajtuny (Peythunen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Pakosze

Pakosze (Packhausen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Paluzy

Paluzy (German Plausen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bisztynek, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Pasłęk

Pasłęk ("Prussian Holland", Old Prussian: Pāistlauks) is a town in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland, with 12,195 inhabitants (2004).

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Peter of Dusburg

Peter of Dusburg (Peter von Dusburg; Petrus de Dusburg; died after 1326), also known as Peter of Duisburg, was a Priest-Brother and chronicler of the Teutonic Knights.

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Pierzchały, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Pierzchały (Pettelkau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Płoskinia, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Piotraszewo

Piotraszewo (Peterswalde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobre Miasto, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Pleśno, Bartoszyce County

Pleśno (German Plößen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bisztynek, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Pluty, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Pluty (Plauten) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Podleśna, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Podleśna (Klingerswalde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobre Miasto, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Pogrodzie

Pogrodzie (Neukirch-Höhe) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tolkmicko, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Poland in the Early Middle Ages

The most important phenomenon that took place within the lands of Poland in the Early Middle Ages, as well as other parts of Central Europe was the arrival and permanent settlement of the West Slavs.

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Polish Corridor

The Polish Corridor (Polnischer Korridor; Pomorze, Korytarz polski), also known as Danzig Corridor, Corridor to the Sea or Gdańsk Corridor, was a territory located in the region of Pomerelia (Pomeranian Voivodeship, eastern Pomerania, formerly part of West Prussia), which provided the Second Republic of Poland (1920–1939) with access to the Baltic Sea, thus dividing the bulk of Germany from the province of East Prussia.

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Polish–Teutonic War (1326–32)

Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332) was the war between the Kingdom of Poland and the State of the Teutonic Order over Pomerelia, fought from 1326 to 1332.

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Polish–Teutonic War (1431–35)

The Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435) was an armed conflict between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Knights.

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Pomerania during the Early Modern Age

Pomerania during the Early Modern Age covers the history of Pomerania in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries.

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Pomerania during the Late Middle Ages

Pomerania during the Late Middle Ages covers the history of Pomerania in the 14th and 15th centuries.

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Pomeranian Voivodeship

Pomeranian Voivodeship, Pomorskie Region, or Pomerania Province (in Polish województwo pomorskie, in Kashubian Pòmòrsczé wòjewództwò), is a voivodeship, or province, in north-western Poland.

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Posady

Posady (Palten) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Potryty

Potryty (Potritten) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeziorany, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Pravdinsk

Pravdinsk, prior to 1946 known by its German name Friedland (Romuva; Frydląd) is a town and the administrative center of Pravdinsky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Lava River, approximately east of Bagrationovsk and southeast of Kaliningrad, the administrative center of the oblast.

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Próle

Próle (Prohlen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barczewo, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Prince-bishop

A prince-bishop is a bishop who is also the civil ruler of some secular principality and sovereignty.

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Prince-Bishopric of Warmia

The Prince-Bishopric of Warmia (Biskupie Księstwo Warmińskie, Fürstbistum Ermland) was a semi-independent ecclesiastical state, ruled by the incumbent ordinary of the Ermland/Warmia see and comprising one third of the then diocesan area.

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Prosity

Prosity (German Prossitten) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bisztynek, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Prusa

Prusa may refer to.

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Prussia

Prussia (Preußen) was a historically prominent German state that originated in 1525 with a duchy centred on the region of Prussia.

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Prussia (disambiguation)

Prussia (Preußen) was a German state that formed the German Empire in 1871.

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Prussian Confederation

The Prussian Confederation (Preußischer Bund, Związek Pruski) was an organization formed on 21 February 1440 at Marienwerder by a group of 53 nobles and clergy and 19 cities in Prussia, to oppose the arbitrariness of the Teutonic Knights.

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Prussian estates

The Prussian estates (Preußischer Landtag, Stany pruskie) were representative bodies of Prussia, first created by the Monastic state of Teutonic Prussia in the 14th century (around the 1370s)Daniel Stone, A History of Central Europe, University of Washington Press, 2001,, but later becoming a devolved legislature for Royal Prussia within the Kingdom of Poland.

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Prussian mythology

The Prussian mythology was a polytheistic religion of the Old Prussians, indigenous peoples of Prussia before the Prussian Crusade waged by the Teutonic Knights.

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Prussian uprisings

The Prussian uprisings were two major and three smaller uprisings by the Prussians, one of the Baltic tribes, against the Teutonic Knights that took place in the 13th century during the Prussian Crusade.

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Przykop, Olsztyn County

Przykop (Grabenau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Purda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Pupki, Olsztyn County

Pupki (translation: Small Bottoms) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jonkowo, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Purda, Poland

Purda (Groß Purden) is a village in Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Raczki Elbląskie

Raczki Elbląskie (Unter Kerbswalde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Elbląg, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Radostowo, Olsztyn County

Radostowo (Freudenberg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeziorany, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Radziejewo, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Radziejewo (Sonnwalde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Ramsowo

Ramsowo (Groß Ramsau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barczewo, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Różnowo, Olsztyn County

Różnowo (Rosenau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dywity, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Recovered Territories

Recovered Territories (Ziemie Odzyskane, literally "Regained Lands") was an official term used by the People's Republic of Poland to describe the territory of the former Free City of Danzig and the parts of pre-war Germany that became part of Poland after World War II.

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Redy

Redy (Retsch) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lidzbark Warmiński, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Redykajny

Redykajny (Redigkainen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dywity, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Rogiedle

Rogiedle (Regerteln) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubomino, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Rogity

Rogity (Regitten) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Braniewo, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.

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Rokitnik, Lidzbark County

Rokitnik (Thegsten) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kiwity, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Warmia

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Warmia (Archidiecezja warmińska, Erzdiözese Ermland) is a Metropolitan archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in Warmińsko-Mazurskie, Poland.

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Roman Catholic Diocese of Chełmno

The Bishopric of Culm (Bistum Culm; Diecezja chełmińska) was a Roman Catholic diocese in Chełmno Land (Culm land), founded in medieval Prussia in 1243 and disbanded in 1992.

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Romowe Rikoito

Romowe Rikoito is a neo folk musical group from Lithuania Minor.

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Romuva (temple)

Romuva or Romowe (known as Rickoyoto in the writings of Simon Grunau) was an alleged pagan worship place (a temple or a sacred area) in the western part of Sambia, one of the regions of pagan Prussia.

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Ronin, Poland

Ronin (Rothhof) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Frombork, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Rozgity

Rozgity (Rosgitten) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dywity, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Russian Prussia

Russian Prussia refers to two periods in the history of Prussia.

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Ryn Reszelski

Ryn Reszelski (Schellen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kolno, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Samławki

Samławki (Samlack) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kolno, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Sambia Peninsula

Sambia (Самбийский полуостров, Sambiysky poluostrov, literally the Sambiysky Peninsula;Sembos pusiasalis) or Samland (Земландский полуостров, Zemlandsky poluostrov, literally the Zemlandsky Peninsula) or Kaliningrad Peninsula (official name, Калининградский полуостров, Kaliningradsky poluostrov) is a peninsula in the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia, on the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea.

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Sambians

The Sambians were one of the Prussian tribes.

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Samborek

Samborek (Lauterwalde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubomino, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Samogitian uprisings

Samogitian uprisings refer to two uprisings by the Samogitians against the Teutonic Knights in 1401–1404 and 1409.

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Samolubie

Samolubie (Lauterhagen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kiwity, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Sasna

Sasna and other Prussian lands in the 13th century. Sasna or Sassen (Sassen; terra Sossinensia; Sasna; zemia sasińska or Saska) was one of the regions of ancient Prussia.

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Sawity

Sawity (Engelswalde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Sętal

Sętal (Süssenthal) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dywity, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Semigallians

Semigallians (Latvian Zemgaļi; Žiemgaliai, also Zemgalians, Semigalls, Semigalians) were the Baltic tribe that lived in the southcentral part of contemporary Latvia and northern Lithuania.

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Serock

Serock is a town at the north bank of the Zegrze lake in the Legionowo County, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland, around north of Warsaw.

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Siege of Malbork (1454)

Siege of Malbork (Siege of Marienburg) occurred during the Thirteen Years' War between the Teutonic Knights and the Kingdom of Poland.

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Skalvians

The Scalovians (Skalviai; Schalauer), also known as the Skalvians, Schalwen and Schalmen, were a Baltic tribe related to the Prussians.

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Spychowo

Spychowo (Puppen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świętajno, within Szczytno County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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St Bees Man

St Bees Man was the name given to the extremely well preserved body of a medieval man discovered on the grounds of St Bees Priory, Cumbria, in 1981.

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Stara Kaletka

Stara Kaletka (Alt Kaletka) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Purda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Stare Monasterzysko

Stare Monasterzysko (Alt Münsterberg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Młynary, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Stare Pole

Stare Pole (German Altfelde) is a village in Malbork County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Stary Dwór, Gmina Dobre Miasto

Stary Dwór (Althof) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobre Miasto, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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State of the Teutonic Order

The State of the Teutonic Order (Staat des Deutschen Ordens; Civitas Ordinis Theutonici), also called Deutschordensstaat or Ordensstaat in German, was a crusader state formed by the Teutonic Knights or Teutonic Order during the 13th century Northern Crusades along the Baltic Sea.

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Stawiguda

Stawiguda (Stabigotten) is a village in Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Stryjkowo

Stryjkowo (Sternberg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lidzbark Warmiński, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Studzianka, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Studzianka (Wonneberg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeziorany, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Suchacz

Suchacz (Succase) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tolkmicko, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Swedish Pomerania

Swedish Pomerania (Svenska Pommern; Schwedisch-Pommern) was a Dominion under the Swedish Crown from 1630 to 1815, situated on what is now the Baltic coast of Germany and Poland.

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Swedish Wismar

Swedish Wismar (Swedish: Svenska Wismar) was a Dominion under the Swedish Crown from 1648 to 1903 and corresponded roughly to the modern boundaries of the city of Wismar.

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Swobodna

Swobodna (Schwuben) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobre Miasto, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Szyleny

Szyleny (Schillgehnen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Braniewo, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.

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Tarniny

Tarniny (Tornienen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kolno, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Tłokowo

Tłokowo (Lokau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeziorany, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Teutonic Order

The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem (official names: Ordo domus Sanctæ Mariæ Theutonicorum Hierosolymitanorum, Orden der Brüder vom Deutschen Haus der Heiligen Maria in Jerusalem), commonly the Teutonic Order (Deutscher Orden, Deutschherrenorden or Deutschritterorden), is a Catholic religious order founded as a military order c. 1190 in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem.

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The Knights of the Cross

The Knights of the Cross or The Teutonic Knights (Krzyżacy) is a 1900 historical novel written by the eminent Polish Positivist writer and the 1905 Nobel laureate, Henryk Sienkiewicz.

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Thirteen Years' War (1454–66)

The Thirteen Years' War (Dreizehnjähriger Krieg; wojna trzynastoletnia), also called the War of the Cities, was a conflict fought in 1454–66 between the Prussian Confederation, allied with the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, and the State of the Teutonic Order.

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Tomaszkowo

Tomaszkowo (Thomsdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stawiguda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Tragheim Church

Tragheim Church, ca. 1930 Tragheim Church (Tragheimer Kirche) was a Protestant church in the Tragheim quarter of Königsberg, Germany.

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Treaties of Cölln and Mewe

The Treaties of Cölln and Mewe, concluded in 1454 and 1455, transferred the Neumark (New March) from the Teutonic Order state to the Electorate of Brandenburg.

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Treaty of Christburg

The Treaty of Christburg (modern Dzierzgoń in Poland) was a peace treaty signed on 2 February 1249 between the pagan Prussian clans, represented by a papal legate, and the Teutonic Knights.

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Treaty of Dovydiškės

The Treaty of Dovydiškės (Dovydiškių sutartis; Vertrag von Daudisken), Daudiske, or Daudisken was a secret treaty signed on May 31, 1380 between Jogaila, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, and Winrich von Kniprode, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.

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Treaty of Dubysa

The Treaty of Dubysa or Treaty of Dubissa (Dubysos sutartys) consisted of three legal acts formulated on 31 October 1382 between Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania, with his brother Skirgaila and Konrad von Wallenrode, Marshal of the Teutonic Order.

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Treaty of Melno

The Treaty of Melno (Melno taika; Pokój melneński) or Treaty of Lake Melno (Friede von Melnosee) was a peace treaty ending the Gollub War.

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Treaty of Salynas

Treaty of Salynas (Frieden von Sallinwerder, Salyno sutartis) was a peace treaty signed on 12 October 1398 by the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas the Great and the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights Konrad von Jungingen.

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Troksy

Troksy (German Truchsen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bisztynek, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Tropy Elbląskie

Tropy Elbląskie (Troop) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Elbląg, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Tuławki

Tuławki (Tollack) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dywity, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Ulrich von Jungingen

Ulrich von Jungingen (c.a. 1360 – 15 July 1410) was the 26th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1407 to 1410.

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Unieszewo

Unieszewo (German Schönfelde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gietrzwałd, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Viking Age

The Viking Age (793–1066 AD) is a period in European history, especially Northern European and Scandinavian history, following the Germanic Iron Age.

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Volodymyr Kedrowsky

Volodymyr Kedrowsky (Володимир Кедровський; August 13, 1890Kedrowsky and Kuzych, 2003 – March 13, 1970) was a political activist, diplomat, writer, and a colonel in the army of the Ukrainian National Republic (UNR).

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Waldemar, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal

Waldemar the Great (Waldemar der Große; – 14 August 1319), a member of the House of Ascania, was Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal from 1308 until his death.

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Wapnik

Wapnik (Kalkstein) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubomino, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Warkały, Olsztyn County

Warkały (German Warkallen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jonkowo, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Warmia

Warmia (Warmia, Latin: Varmia,, Old Prussian: Wārmi, Varmė) is a historical region in northern Poland.

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Węgajty

Węgajty (Wengaithen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jonkowo, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Włodowo

Włodowo (Waltersdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świątki, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Werner von Orseln

Werner von Orseln (c. 1280 – 18 November 1330) was the 17th Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, serving from 1324 to 1330.

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West Prussia

The Province of West Prussia (Provinz Westpreußen; Zôpadné Prësë; Prusy Zachodnie) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1773 to 1824 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); it also briefly formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia until 1919/20.

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Widewuto

Widewuto (also Viduutus, Vidvutus, Witowudi, Waidewut) was a legendary king of the pagan Prussians who ruled along with his elder brother, the high priest Bruteno in the 6th century AD.

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Wigand of Marburg

Wigand of Marburg (Wigand von Marburg)Note that von Marburg is a purely descriptive title added to his original name of Wigand by later historians, rather than a proper surname.

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Wilczkowo, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Wilczkowo (Wolfsdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubomino, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Wilhelmsgymnasium (Königsberg)

Postcard of the school The Wilhelmsgymnasium, originally the Königliches Wilhelms-Gymnasium, was a gymnasium in the Tragheim quarter of Königsberg, Germany.

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Wołowno

Wołowno (Windtken) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jonkowo, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Wojnity

Wojnity (Woynitt) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Wopy

Wopy (Woppen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Wymój

Wymój (Wemitten) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stawiguda, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Wyrębiska

Wyrębiska (Lichtwalde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Wysoka Braniewska

Wysoka Braniewska (Hogendorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Płoskinia, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Yantarny, Kaliningrad Oblast

Yantarny, previously known in German as (Palvininkai; Palmniki), is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Sambian Peninsula, about from Kaliningrad, the administrative center of the oblast.

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Zagony, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Zagony (Sommerfeld) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubomino, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

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Zbigniew of Poland

Zbigniew (also known as Zbygniew; ca. 1073 – 8 July 1113?M. Spórna, P. Wierzbicki: Słownik władców Polski i pretendentów do tronu polskiego, p. 501; B. Snoch: Protoplasta książąt śląskich, Katowice, 1985, p. 13,.), was a Prince of Poland (in Greater Poland, Kuyavia and Masovia) during 1102-1107.

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Redirects here:

Old Prussia, Prussia Proper, Prussia proper, Prūsa.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussia_(region)

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