Communication

1416 relations: A Journey Beyond the Three Seas, Ağbulaq, Nakhchivan, Abarkuh, Abbas I of Persia, Abbas III, Abbas Mirza, Abbas Mirza Mosque, Yerevan, Abdallah Mazandarani, Abdol Majid Mirza, Abdol-Ali Mirza Farmanfarmaian, Abdol-Aziz Mirza Farmanfarmaian, Abdol-Hossein Farmanfarma, Abdol-samad Mirza Ezz ed-Dowleh Saloor, Abdolhossein Sepanta, Abdolhossein Teymourtash, Abdul Reza Pahlavi, Abdullah Beg Benari, Abdullah Musawi Shirazi, Abol-Bashar Mirza Farman Farmaian, Abolhassan Diba, Abolhassan Sadighi, Abolqasem Naser ol-Molk, Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Adíb, Adib Boroumand, Adib Taherzadeh, Adil Shah, Afghan Independence Day, Afghanistan, Afghanistan–Iran relations, Afif-Abad Garden, Afro-Iranians, Afsharid dynasty, Aga Khan, Aga Khan I, Aga Khan II, Aga Khan III, Aga Khan IV, Agadir Crisis, Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, Aghazadeh Mansion, Ahar, Ahmad (given name), Ahmad Amir-Ahmadi, Ahmad Huseinzadeh, Ahmad Mirza Azd es-Saltaneh, Ahmad Moshir al-Saltaneh, Ahmad Shah 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of sovereign states in 1835, List of sovereign states in 1836, List of sovereign states in 1837, List of sovereign states in 1838, List of sovereign states in 1839, List of sovereign states in 1840, List of sovereign states in 1841, List of sovereign states in 1842, List of sovereign states in 1843, List of sovereign states in 1844, List of sovereign states in 1845, List of sovereign states in 1846, List of sovereign states in 1847, List of sovereign states in 1848, List of sovereign states in 1849, List of sovereign states in 1850, List of sovereign states in 1851, List of sovereign states in 1852, List of sovereign states in 1853, List of sovereign states in 1854, List of sovereign states in 1855, List of sovereign states in 1856, List of sovereign states in 1857, List of sovereign states in 1858, List of sovereign states in 1859, List of sovereign states in 1860, List of sovereign states in 1861, List of sovereign states in 1862, List of sovereign states in 1863, List of sovereign 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Zanganeh, Shaykhism, Shazdeh Garden, Shāh Khalīlullāh III, Sheikh Fazlollah Noori, Sheikh Khazal rebellion, Sheikh Ubeydullah, Shemiran, Sheyda Gerashi, Sheykh ol-Eslam's House, Shimun XXI Benyamin, Shirak Province, Shiraz, Shirvan, Shokufeh (magazine), Shubar al-Sitri, Shusha, Siege of Erivan (1804), Siege of Erivan (1808), Siege of Herat (1838), Simko Shikak, Simko Shikak revolt (1918–22), Simon McTavish, Sisian, Siyah mashq, Socialism in Iran, Socialist Revolutionary Party (Persia), Society for the National Heritage of Iran, Sohrab Khan Gorji, Solar eclipse of August 21, 1914, Soleiman Eskandari, Soltan Ahmad Mirza Azod Al-Duleh, Soltan-e Sahebgharan, Soltani Mosque of Borujerd, South Khorasan Province, Spiritual Assembly, Spitak, Spread of the Latin script, St. Thaddeus Monastery, Stepanavan, Stielers Handatlas, Storming of Derbent, Storming of Lankaran, Subh-i-Azal, Sufi Amba Prasad, Sultan Amir Ahmad Bathhouse, Syed Ali Damad, Symbols of Islam, Symphonic music in Iran, Tabriz, Tabriz Khanate, Tabriziha Mosque, Taj Al-Duleh, Takht-e Foulad, Tangeh Savashi, Taq Bostan, Tashir, Tat people (Caucasus), Tavush Province, Tayebi family, Táhirih, Tbilisi, Tehran, Tehran Province, Tehran Zoological Garden, Tekyeh, Tekyeh Biglarbeygi, Tekyeh Dowlat, Tekyeh Moaven al-molk, Telimxan, Territorial evolution of Russia, The Doshan Tappeh Street, The Great Game, The Know-It-All, Three Hundred Aragvians, Tile, Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom, Timeline of Armenian history, Timeline of Asian nations, Timeline of Georgian (country) history, Timeline of Kurdish uprisings, Timeline of Shiraz, Timeline of Tabriz, Timeline of the 19th century, Timeline of the 20th century, Tinco Martinus Lycklama à Nijeholt, Tobacco Protest, Tomb of Ferdowsi, Tonekabon, Touba and the Meaning of Night, Traditional Persian residential architecture, Transcaucasia, Travelogue of Haj Ayaz Khan Qashqai, Treasury of Bahman Mirza, Treaties of Erzurum, Treaty of Akhal, Treaty of Georgievsk, Treaty of Gulistan, Treaty of Turkmenchay, Tricolour (flag), Tsaghkadzor, Tudeh Party of Iran, Tughra, Turkey, Turkish Kurdistan, Turkmen Sahra, Twelver, Two domes of Kukherd, Ulama, Ulmus minor 'Umbraculifera', Urmia, Urmia Orthodokseta, Vagharshapat, Vakil Mosque, Valentin Zhukovski, Valerian Zubov, Vali (governor), Van Province, Vayk, Vayots Dzor Province, Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, Visitor attractions of Tabriz, Vizier, Vossug ed Dowleh, Vsevolod Starosselsky, Werndl–Holub rifle, Western Armenia, Western Azerbaijan (political concept), Western imperialism in Asia, William Abbott Oldfather, William Baffin, William Cormick, William Melville, William Morgan Shuster, William Windsor (goat), Windsor Shahnameh, Women in Constitutional Revolution, Women in Iran, Women's rights in Iran, Wounds of Armenia, Xiyue Wang, Yadgar-i-Bahaduri, Yaghmai, Yazd, Yeprem Khan, Yerevan, Yevstafii Skryplev, Yusef Khan-e Gorji, Zafar Hilaly, Zahra Khanom Tadj es-Saltaneh, Zaki Khan Zand, Zaman Shah Durrani, Zand dynasty, Zand tribe, Zanjan, Iran, Zarrinnaal, Zār, Zeynab Pasha, Zia'eddin Tabatabaee, Zonuz, Zoroastrian Trust Funds of Europe, Zoroastrianism in India, Zoroastrians in Iran, Zulfiqar, 1797 in Iran, 1800s (decade), 1804 in Iran, 1807 in France, 1808 in Iran, 1810s, 1820s, 1830s, 1832 Georgian plot, 1834 in Iran, 1840s, 1847, 1850s, 1860s, 1870s, 1880s, 1890s, 1896 in Afghanistan, 18th century, 1900s (decade), 1901, 1902 Coronation Honours, 1903 in Afghanistan, 1909, 1909 in Iran, 1910 Shiraz blood libel, 1910s, 1911 Russian invasion of Tabriz, 1913 in Ireland, 1920s, 1921, 1921 Persian coup d'état, 1923, 1926 Shikak revolt, 1930 in Iran, 1953 Iranian coup d'état, 19th century, 1st Congress of the Comintern, 2011 in Iran, 2nd Iranian Majlis, 3rd Iranian Majlis. 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A Journey Beyond the Three Seas

A Journey Beyond the Three Seas (Хожение за три моря, Khozheniye za tri morya) is a Russian literary monument in the form of travel notes, made by a merchant from Tver, Afanasiy Nikitin during his journey to India in 1466–1472.

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Ağbulaq, Nakhchivan

Ağbulaq (also as Aghbulag, Akbulak; until 2003, Geçəzur, Gecəzur, Gedzhazur, and Gidzhadzur) is a village and municipality in the Shahbuz District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan.

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Abarkuh

Abarkuh (ابركوه, also Romanized as Abarkūh and Abar Kūh; also known as Abarghoo, Abarkū, Abar Qū, and Abarqūh) is a city and capital of Abarkuh County, Yazd Province, Iran.

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Abbas I of Persia

Shāh Abbās the Great or Shāh Abbās I of Persia (شاه عباس بزرگ; 27 January 157119 January 1629) was the 5th Safavid Shah (king) of Iran, and is generally considered the strongest ruler of the Safavid dynasty.

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Abbas III

Abbas III (January 1732 – February 1740) (شاه عباس سوم.) reigned 1732–1736; was a son of Shah Tahmasp II and Shahpuri Begum of the Safavid dynasty.

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Abbas Mirza

Abbas Mirza (عباس میرزا) (August 20, 1789October 25, 1833), was a Qajar crown prince of Persia.

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Abbas Mirza Mosque, Yerevan

Abbas Mirza Mosque (Աբաս Միրզայի մզկիթ (Abas Mirzayi mzkit'), مسجد عباس میرزا, Abbas Mirzə məscidi) was a nineteenth-century Shia mosque in Yerevan, Armenia.

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Abdallah Mazandarani

Abdallah Mazandarani (عبدالله مازندرانی) (AD 1840–1912; AH 1256–1330) was a Shia Marja' and a leader of the constitutional movement against the Qajar dynasty.

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Abdol Majid Mirza

Abdol Majid Mirza Eyn-ed-Dowleh (1845 – 2 November 1927) Qajar prince and Prime Minister, was the eldest son of Prince Soltan Ahmad Mirza Azod Al-Duleh and grandson of Fat'h Ali Shah Qajar.

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Abdol-Ali Mirza Farmanfarmaian

Abdol-Ali Mirza Farmanfarmaian (1935–1973) was an Iranian businessman and nobleman.

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Abdol-Aziz Mirza Farmanfarmaian

Abdol Aziz Farmanfarmaian (Shiraz, 1920 – June 21, 2013 Spain) was an Iranian architect, offspring of Iranian nobleman Abdol Hossein Mirza Farmanfarma and a member of the Qajar dynasty of Iran.

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Abdol-Hossein Farmanfarma

Prince Abdol-Hossein Farman Farma (1857–1939) was one of the most prominent Qajar princes, and one of the most influential politicians of his time in Persia.

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Abdol-samad Mirza Ezz ed-Dowleh Saloor

Abdosamad Mirza Ez od-Doleh Salour (Saloor) (عبدالصمد ميرزا عزالدوله سالور) (May 1843 – 1929) Persian prince of Qajar Dynasty and fifth son of Mohammad Shah Qajar by his wife, a lady of Turkmen origin.

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Abdolhossein Sepanta

Abdolhossein Sepanta (عبدالحسین سپنتا) (June 4, 1907 – March 28, 1969) was a noted Iranian film director and producer.

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Abdolhossein Teymourtash

Abdolhossein Teymūrtāsh (عبدالحسین تیمورتاش; 1883–1933) was an influential Iranian statesman who served as the first Minister of Court of the Pahlavi Dynasty from 1925 to 1932, and is credited with playing a crucial role in laying the foundations of modern Iran in the 20th century.

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Abdul Reza Pahlavi

Abdul Reza Pahlavi (عبدالرضا پهلوی; 19 August 1924 – 11 May 2004) was a member of Iran's Pahlavi dynasty.

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Abdullah Beg Benari

Abdullah Beg Benari was a Kurdish tribal leader, who lived from 1880 to 1939.

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Abdullah Musawi Shirazi

Grand Ayatollah Sayyed Abdullah Al-Musawi Al-Shirazi (February 25, 1892 – September 29, 1984) was a Grand Ayatollah of Twelver Shi'a Islam.

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Abol-Bashar Mirza Farman Farmaian

Abol-Bashar Mirza Farman Farmaian is the son of the Qajar Persian nobleman Abdol Hossein Mirza Farmanfarma and his wife Batoul Khanoum.

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Abolhassan Diba

Abolhassan Diba (4 January 1894 – 16 April 1982) was born in Tabriz, Iran to a well-established family which can trace its line from the 8th century.

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Abolhassan Sadighi

Abolhassan Sadighi (ابوالحسن صدیقی) (5 October 1894 – 11 December 1995) was an Iranian sculptor and painter and was known as Master Sadighi.

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Abolqasem Naser ol-Molk

Abu’l-Qāsem Khān Qarāgozlu (ابوالقاسم‌خان قراقزلو), known by the title Nāṣer-al-molk (lit), (July 1856 – 26 December 1927) was a Persian politician during Qajar dynasty.

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Academy of Persian Language and Literature

The Academy of Persian Language and Literature (acronym: APLL) (فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی) is the official regulatory body of the Persian language, headquartered in Tehran, Iran.

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Adíb

Hájí Mírzá Ḥasan-i-Adíbu'l-`Ulamá (حج مرزا حسن أديب العلماء‎; 1848–1919), known as Mírzá Ḥasan or Adíb, was an eminent follower of Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Bahá'í Faith He was appointed a Hand of the Cause and identified as one of the nineteen Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh.

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Adib Boroumand

Adib Boroumand (or Adīb Burūmand) (ادیب برومند; 11 June 1924 – 13 March 2017) was an Iranian poet, politician, and lawyer.

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Adib Taherzadeh

Adib Taherzadeh (29 April 1921 in Yazd, Iran – January 26, 2000) served as a member of the Universal House of Justice, the supreme governing body of the Bahá'í Faith, between 1988 and 2000.

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Adil Shah

Adil or Adel Shah Afshar, born ʿAlī-qolī Khan (Modern Persian: عادل شاه افشار) (died 1749) was the Afsharid Shah of Iran from 1747 to 1748, a nephew and successor of Nader Shah, the founder of the Afsharid dynasty.

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Afghan Independence Day

Afghan Independence Day is celebrated in Afghanistan on 19 August to commemorate the Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919 and relinquishment from protected state status.

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Afghanistan

Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari:, Pashto: Afġānistān, Dari: Afġānestān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia.

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Afghanistan–Iran relations

Afghanistan–Iran relations were established in 1935 during King Zahir Shah's reign and the Pahlavi dynasty of Persia.

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Afif-Abad Garden

Afif-Abad Garden, originally the Gulshan Garden, is a museum complex in Shiraz, Iran.

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Afro-Iranians

Afro-Iranians (ایرانیان آفریقایی‌تبار) are people of Black African descent residing in Iran.

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Afsharid dynasty

The Afsharid dynasty (افشاریان) were members of an Iranian dynasty that originated from the Turkic Afshar tribe in Iran's north-eastern province of Khorasan, ruling Persia in the mid-eighteenth century.

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Aga Khan

Aga Khan (آقاخان; also transliterated as Aqa Khan and Agha Khan) is a title used also as a name by the Imam of the Nizari Ismailis, whose current holder is the 49th Imam (1957–present), Prince Shah Karim Al Husseini Aga Khan IV (b. 1936).

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Aga Khan I

Aga Khan I (آغا خان اوّل|Āghā Khān-i Awwal or آقا خان اوّل|Āqā Khān-i Awwal|), was the title accorded to Hasan Ali Shah (حسن علی شاه|Ḥasan ‘Alī Shāh|) (1804 – 1881), the governor of Kirman, 46th Imam of the Nizari Ismaili Muslims, and prominent Muslim leader in Iran and later in the Indian subcontinent.

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Aga Khan II

Aga Khan II (آقا خان دوّم; Āghā Khān-i Duvvum or, less commonly but more correctly آقا خان دوّم Āqā Khān-i Duvvum), was the title of Aqa Ali Shah (آقا علی شاه Āqā ‘Alī Shāh; b. 1830 in Mahallat, Iran; d. August 1885 in Pune, India), the 47th Imam of the Nizari Ismaili Muslims.

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Aga Khan III

Sir Sultan Muhammed Shah, Aga Khan III (2 November 187711 July 1957) was the 48th Imam of the Nizari Ismaili religion.

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Aga Khan IV

Prince Shah Karim Al Hussaini, Aga Khan IV, (شاه كريم الحسيني، الآغاخان الرابع; شاه کریم حسینی، آقاخان چهارم; شاه کریم حسینی، آغاخان چهارم; Aga Khan is also transliterated as Aqa Khan and Agha Khan; born 13 December 1936) is the 49th and current Imam of Nizari Ismailism, a denomination of Isma'ilism within Shia Islam consisting of an estimated 10-15 million adherents (10—12% of the world's Shia Muslim population).

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Agadir Crisis

The Agadir Crisis or Second Moroccan Crisis (also known as the Panthersprung in German) was a brief international crisis sparked by the deployment of a substantial force of French troops in the interior of Morocco in April 1911.

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Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar

Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar (translit; 14 March 1742 – 17 June 1797), also known by his regnal name of Agha Mohammad Shah (آقا محمد شاه), was the founder of the Qajar dynasty of Iran, ruling from 1789 to 1797 as king (shah).

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Aghazadeh Mansion

Aghazadeh Mansion and its windcatcher was built during the Qajar Dynasty and is located in Abarkooh, Iran.

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Ahar

Ahar (اهر, اهر) is a city and capital of Ahar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Ahmad (given name)

Ahmad is a given name.

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Ahmad Amir-Ahmadi

Sepahbod Ahmad Amir-Ahmadi (1884–1974) was a military leader and cabinet Minister of Iran.

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Ahmad Huseinzadeh

Ahmad Huseinzadeh (Əhməd Hüseynzadə) — third Sheikh ul-Islam of the Caucasus, son of Mahammadali Huseinzadeh, maternal uncle of Ali bey Huseynzade.

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Ahmad Mirza Azd es-Saltaneh

Prince Ahmad Mirza Azd es-Saltaneh (1891-1939), was the last son of Nasser al-Din Shah and princess Turan es-Saltaneh and full brother of Zahra Khanom Tadj es-Saltaneh.

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Ahmad Moshir al-Saltaneh

Ahmad Moshir al-Saltaneh (احمد مشیرالسلطنه ‎;July 6, 1844 in Amol– April 20, 1918 in Tehran), was Prime Minister of Qajar era Iran.

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Ahmad Shah Qajar

Ahmad Shāh Qājār (احمد شاه قاجار; 21 January 1898 – 21 February 1930) was Shah of Persia (Iran) from 16 July 1909 to 15 December 1925, and the last ruling member of the Qajar dynasty.

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Ahvaz

Ahvaz (or Ahwaz; translit) is a city in the southwest of Iran and the capital of Khuzestan province.

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Ajudanieh

Ajudanieh (آجودانیه; The official name: Shahid Sabari, شهید سباری) is a neighbourhood in the north of Tehran, Iran.

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Akbar Mass'oud

Prince Akbar Mass'oud (or Akbar Mirza Sarem-ed-Dowleh) (1885- 29 November 1975) was Persian Prince and a member of Qajar Dynasty, son of Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan and grand son of Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar.

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Akhoond

An akhoond (akhund or akhwand) (آخوند) is a Persian title for an Islamic cleric, common in Iran, Azerbaijan and some parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan.

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Al-Dawla

The Arabic title al-Dawla (الدولة, often rendered ad-Dawla, ad-Daulah, ud-Daulah, Dahola, etc.) means "dynasty" or "state" and appears in many honorific and regnal titles in the Islamic world.

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Al-Nabi Mosque, Qazvin

The al-Nabi Mosque (مسجد النبی قزوین – Masjed al-Nabi, also known as: مسجد سلطانى – Masjed-e Soltani) is a famous mosque in Qazvīn.

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Alam's House

The Alam's house is a historical house in Isfahan, Iran.

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Alaverdi, Armenia

Alaverdi (Ալավերդի), is a town and municipal community in the Lori Province at the northeastern part of Armenia, near the border with Georgia.

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Albert I of Belgium

Albert I (8 April 1875 – 17 February 1934) reigned as the third King of the Belgians from 1909 to 1934.

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Aleksander Reza Qoli Mirza Qajar

Aleksander Petrovich Reza Qoli Mirza Qajar (Александр Петрович Риза-Кули Мирза Каджар; الکساندر پتروویچ رضا قلی میرزا قاجار; May 25, 1869 -?) - was a prince of Persia's Qajar dynasty, an Imperial Russian military leader and the commander of Yekaterinburg (1918), having the rank of Colonel (Polkovnik).

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Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov

Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov (p; &ndash) was a Russian Imperial general of the 19th century who commanded Russian troops in the Caucasian War.

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Alexander Griboyedov

Alexander Sergeyevich Griboyedov (Алекса́ндр Серге́евич Грибое́дов, Aleksándr Sergeyevich Griboyedov or Sergéevich Griboédov; 15 January 179511 February 1829), formerly romanized as Alexander Sergueevich Griboyedoff, was a Russian diplomat, playwright, poet, and composer.

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Alexander II of Russia

Alexander II (p; 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881) was the Emperor of Russia from the 2nd March 1855 until his assassination on 13 March 1881.

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Alexander III of Russia

Alexander III (r; 1845 1894) was the Emperor of Russia, King of Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from until his death on.

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Alexander Kasimovich Kazembek

Alexander Kasimovich Kazembek (Алекса́ндр Каси́мович Казембе́к or Казем-Бек; Azeri: Aleksandr Kazımbəy or Mirzə Kazım-bəy; Persian: میرزا کاظم بیگ Mirzâ Kâzem Beg) (22 July 1802 – 27 November 1870), born Muhammad Ali Kazim-bey (Azeri: Məhəmməd Əli Kazımbəy), was an orientalist, historian and philologist of Azerbaijani and Iranian origin.

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Ali Akbar Bahman

Ali Akbar Bahman (also Mirza Ali Akbar Khan; b. 1883 - d. 1967) was an Iranian employee of the Foreign Ministry, diplomat and politician under the Qajar and Pahlavi dynasties.

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Ali Haider Tabatabai

Ali Haider Tabatabai (or Syed Ali Hyder Nazm Tabatabai) born 1854 in Awadh, died 1933 in Hyderabad Deccan, India, was a poet, translator and a scholar of languages.

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Ali Khan Vali

Ali Khan Vali (علی خان والی, 1262 - 1318 Hijri) was an Iranian photographer and political figure of the era of Naser al-Din Shah and Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar.

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Ali Mirza Qajar

Prince Soltan Ali Mirza Kadjar (Qajar) (November 16, 1929 – May 27, 2011) was an Iranian Prince of Qajar Dynasty and the son of Soltan Majid Mirza Qajar (1907–1975) and Homadokht Kian (Shayesteh Khanoum) (1912–1992) and the grandson of Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar.

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Ali Reza Khan Azod al-Molk

Ali Reza Khan Azod al-Molk (11 October 1847 – 22 September 1910) was an Iranian politician who acted as regent for the last ruling member of the Qajar dynasty.

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Ali Reza Pahlavi I

Prince Ali Reza Pahlavi (علی رضا پهلوی; 1 March 1922 – 17 October 1954) was the second son of Reza Shah Pahlavi, deposed Shah of Iran, and the brother of the Shah Mohammad Reza.

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Ali-Akbar Davar

Ali-Akbar Dāvar (also known as Mirza Ali-Akbar Khan-e Dāvar) (1885–1937) (علی‌اکبر داور) was the founder of the modern judicial system of Iran.

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Ali-Naghi Farmanfarmaian

Son of the Qajar Persian nobleman Abdol Hossein Mirza Farmanfarma and his wife Fatemeh Khanoum.

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Aliqoli Mirza Qajar

Aliqoli Mirza Qajar (1822-1880), given the honorary title of Etezado-ol-Saltaneh, was a prince of the Qajar dynasty, a son of Fath-Ali Shah (r. 1797-1834).

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Allah Verdi Mirza Farman Farmaian

Allah Verdi Mirza Farman Farmaian born 1929 is the son of the deceased Qajar Persian nobleman Abdol Hossein Mirza Farmanfarma and his wife Hamdam Khanoum.

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Allahdad

The Allahdad was an 1839 violent riot and forced conversion against the Jews of Mashhad, Khorasan, Qajar Iran.

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Amanullah Jahanbani

Lieutenant-General Amanollah Jahanbani (سپهبد امان‌الله جهانبانى; 1895 – February 1, 1974) was a member of the Qajar dynasty Royal Ark Retrieved 25 November 2013 and a senior general of Reza Shah Pahlavi.

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Amanullah Khan Afshar

Amanullah Khan Afshar was the fourth khan of the Zanjan Khanate from 1797 to 1810.

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Amanullah Mirza Qajar

Amanullah Mirza Qajar (Аманулла Мирза Каджар; امان الله میرزا قاجار; b. 1857 - d. 1937), was a prince of Persia's Qajar dynasty and an Imperial Russian and Azerbaijani military commander, having the rank of Major General.

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Amin's House

The Amin's house is a historical house in Isfahan, Iran.

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Aminabad, Shahreza

Aminabad (امين اباد, also Romanized as Amīnābād) is a village in Esfarjan Rural District, in the Central District of Shahreza County, Isfahan Province, Iran.

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Amir Abdollah Tahmasebi

Abdollah Khan Amir Tahmasebi (عبدالله خان امیر طهماسبی, 1881–1928) was a Persian senior military commander, instrumental in the fall of the Qajar dynasty and rise to power of Reza Shah Pahlavi.

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Amir Arsalan

Amir Arsalan-e Namdar (امیر ارسلان نامدار) is a popular Persian epic, which was told to Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar, the Qajar Shah of Persia in the 19th century (though the Persian legend itself is much older), by a storyteller named Mohammad Ali Naqib al-Mamalek (میرزا محمدعلی نقیب‌الممالک).

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Amir Kabir

Mirza Taghi Khan Farahani (میرزا تقی‌خان فراهانی) known as Amir Kabir (امیرکبیر) (1807 – 10 January 1852), also known by the titles of Atabak and Amir-e Nezam; chief minister to Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (Shah of Persia) for the first three years of his reign and one of the most capable and innovative figures to appear in the whole Qajar period.

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Amir Nezam House

The Amir Nezām House (Persian: خانه امیرنظام, Khaneh-e Amir Nezām, Azeri: Emir Nizamin evi), or The Qajar Museum of Tabriz, is a historical building in the Sheshghelan district (Persian: ششگلان), one of the oldest quarters of the city of Tabriz, Iran.

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Amir Nosrat'ollah Balakhanlou

Amir Nosrat'ollah Balakhanlou (اميرنصرت الله بالاخانلو) (1917 – May 20, 2007) was an Iranian (Persian) politician.

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Amir-Abbas Hoveyda

Amir-Abbas Hoveyda (Amīr `Abbās Hoveyda; 18 February 1919 – 7 April 1979) was an Iranian economist and politician who served as Prime Minister of Iran from 27 January 1965 to 7 August 1977.

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Amirteymour Kalali

Mohammad Ebrahim Mirza Amirteymour Kalali (5 October 1894 – 11 February 1988) (امیرتیمور کلالی), also known as Sardar Nosrat, was a prominent Iranian statesman and aristocrat.

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Amol

Amol (آمل –;; also Romanized as Āmol and Amul) is a city and the administrative center of Amol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran.

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Andranik

Andranik Ozanian, commonly known as Andranik (Անդրանիկ; 25 February 186531 August 1927) was an Armenian military commander and statesman, the best known fedayi and a key figure of the Armenian national liberation movement.

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Andrew David Urshan

Andrew David Urshan (born Andreos Bar Dawid Urshan; 1884–1967) was a Persian-born Assyrian evangelist and author.

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Anglo-Marri Wars

The Anglo-Marri Wars is the name given to three major military conflicts between the Marri Baluch tribesmen and the British Empire in the independent eastern Baloch tribal belt (now known as the North-Eastern region of Baluchistan, Pakistan).

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Anglo-Persian Treaty of 1801

The Anglo-Persian Treaty of 1801 was signed between the English diplomat John Malcolm and the Shah of Persia Fath Ali Shah in 1801.

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Anglo-Persian War

The Anglo–Persian War lasted between November 1, 1856 and April 4, 1857, and was fought between Great Britain and Persia (which was at the time ruled by the Qajar dynasty).

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Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran

The Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran, also known as Anglo-Soviet invasion of Persia, was the invasion of the Imperial State of Iran during the Second World War by Soviet, British and other Commonwealth armed forces.

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Anglophobia

Anti-English sentiment or Anglophobia (from Latin Anglus "English" and Greek φόβος, phobos, "fear") means opposition to, dislike of, fear of, or hatred towards England or the English people.

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Ann Lambton

Ann Katharine Swynford Lambton, (8 February 1912 – 19 July 2008), usually known as A.K.S. Lambton or "Nancy" Lambton, was a British historian and expert on medieval and early modern Persian history, Persian language, Islamic political theory, and Persian social organisation.

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Anoushiravan Mirza

Prince Anoushiravan Mirza "Zia' od-Dowleh" "Amir Touman" was a Persian prince of the Qajar dynasty that ruled Iran 1785-1925.

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Anti-British sentiment

Anti-British sentiment is prejudice, fear or hatred against the British Government, the culture or the people of the United Kingdom, or its Overseas territories usually because of British Imperial past.

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Antoin Sevruguin

Antoin Sevruguin (آنتوان سورگین; 1830-1933) was a photographer in Iran during the reign of the Qajar dynasty (1785–1925).

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Aparan

Aparan (Armenian: Ապարան), is a town and urban municipal community in Armenia, located in the Aragatsotn Province, about 50 kilometers northwest of the capital Yerevan.

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Apophatic theology

Apophatic theology, also known as negative theology, is a form of theological thinking and religious practice which attempts to approach God, the Divine, by negation, to speak only in terms of what may not be said about the perfect goodness that is God.

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Aqa Khan Moqaddam

Āqā Khan Moqaddam was a late 16th and early 17th century Safavid military leader and official.

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Arab separatism in Khuzestan

Arab separatism in Khuzestan refers to a decades-long separatist movement in the western part of Iranian Khuzestan, which seeks to establish a separate independent state for its Arab residents, from what they define as "Iranian occupation".

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Aragatsotn Province

Aragatzotn (Արագածոտն) is a province (marz) of Armenia.

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Arak, Iran

Arak (اراک, Arāk), also known as Soltan Abad (سلطان آباد, Soltān Ābād), is the capital of Markazi Province, Iran.

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Arangeh

Arangeh (ارنگه) is a village in Adaran Rural District, Asara District, Karaj County, Alborz Province, Iran.

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Ararat Province

Ararat (Արարատ), is a province (marz) of Armenia.

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Aras (river)

The Aras or Araxes is a river flowing through Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran.

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Architecture of Tehran

Tehran has grown dramatically since Mohammad Khan Qajar chose it as the capital of the Qajar dynasty in 1796.

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Ardabil

Ardabil (اردبیل., اردبیل, also Romanized as Ardabīl and Ardebīl) is an ancient city in Iranian Azerbaijan.

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Ardalan

Ardalan or Erdelan (1169–1867) was the name of a Kurdish vassaldom in north-western Iran during the Qajar period.

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Ardashir Mirza

Ardashir Mirza Rukn al-Dawla (1807-1866) was a prince of Persia's Qajar dynasty, and the governor of the Arabistan, Bakhtiaristan and Luristan provinces of Persia.

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Arg e Bam

The Arg-e Bam (ارگ بم) is the largest adobe building in the world, located in Bam, a city in Kerman Province of southeastern Iran.

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Arg of Karim Khan

The Karim Khan Castle (ارگ کریم خان Arg-e Karim Khan) is a citadel located in the downtown Shiraz, southern Iran.

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Arg of Tabriz

Arg of Tabriz (ارگ تبريز, also known as Arg Alishah, Arg-e Alishah, Arch of Alishah, Arg Citadel, and Masjid Ali-Shāh), is the remnants of a big fortification and city wall in downtown Tabriz.

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Ark Mosque

The Ark Mosque (مسجد ارک) is a historic mosque in Tehran, Iran.

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Armavir (ancient city)

Armavir (Արմավիր) was a large commercial city and the capital of ancient Armenia during the reign of the Orontid Dynasty.

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Armavir (village)

Armavir (Արմավիր) is a village in the Armavir Province of Armenia.

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Armavir Province

Armavir (Արմավիր), is a province (marz) in the western part of Armenia.

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Armenia

Armenia (translit), officially the Republic of Armenia (translit), is a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Armenia–Georgia relations

Armenian–Georgian relations refers to foreign relations between Armenia and Georgia.

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Armenia–Iran relations

Armenia–Iran relations are the bilateral relations between Iran and Armenia.

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Armenia–Russia relations

Armenia–Russia relations (Российско-армянские отношения, Հայ-ռուսական հարաբերություններ) is the bilateral relationships between Armenia and the Russian Federation.

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Armenian fedayi

Fedayi (Western Ֆէտայի Fedayi; Eastern Ֆիդայի Fidayi), also known as the Armenian irregular units or Armenian militia, were Armenian civilians who voluntarily left their families to form self-defense units and irregular armed bands in reaction to the mass murder of Armenians and the pillage of Armenian villages by criminals, tribal Kurdish forces, and Hamidian guards during the reign of Abdul Hamid II in late 19th and early 20th centuries, known as the Hamidian massacres.

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Armenian Highlands

The Armenian Highlands (Haykakan leṙnašxarh; also known as the Armenian Upland, Armenian plateau, Armenian tableland,Hewsen, Robert H. "The Geography of Armenia" in The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century. Richard G. Hovannisian (ed.) New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997, pp. 1-17 or simply Armenia) is the central-most and highest of three land-locked plateaus that together form the northern sector of the Middle East.

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Armenian language

The Armenian language (reformed: հայերեն) is an Indo-European language spoken primarily by the Armenians.

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Armenian Monastic Ensembles of Iran

The Armenian Monastic Ensembles of Iran, located in the West Azerbaijan and East Azerbaijan provinces in Iran, is an ensemble of three Armenian churches that were established during the period between the 7th and 14th centuries A.D. The edifices—the St. Thaddeus Monastery, the Saint Stepanos Monastery, and the Chapel of Dzordzor—have undergone many renovations.

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Armenian Revolutionary Federation in Iran

The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) (Հայ Յեղափոխական Դաշնակցութիւն Hay Heghapokhagan Tashnagtsutiun; فدراسیون انقلابی ارمنی, in short form "Dashnak"), has a long history in Iran, dating back to the earliest days of the party, in the 1890s.

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Armenians

Armenians (հայեր, hayer) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian Highlands.

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Armenians in Georgia

Armenians in Georgia (Virahayer) are Armenian people living within the country of Georgia.

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Armenians in the Middle East

The Armenians in the Middle East are mostly concentrated in Iran, Lebanon, Cyprus, Syria, Jordan, and Palestine, although well-established communities exist in Iraq, Egypt, Turkey, and other countries of the area.

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Arran (Caucasus)

Arran (Middle Persian form), also known as Aran, Ardhan (in Parthian), Al-Ran (in Arabic), Aghvank and Alvank (in Armenian), (რანი-Ran-i) or Caucasian Albania (in Latin), was a geographical name used in ancient and medieval times to signify the territory which lies within the triangle of land, lowland in the east and mountainous in the west, formed by the junction of Kura and Aras rivers, including the highland and lowland Karabakh, Mil plain and parts of the Mughan plain, and in the pre-Islamic times, corresponded roughly to the territory of modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan.

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Arts of Iran

The arts of Iran are one of the richest art heritages in world history and encompasses many traditional disciplines including architecture, painting, literature, music, weaving, pottery, calligraphy, metalworking and stonemasonry.

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Artsakh (historic province)

Artsakh (Արցախ) was the tenth province (nahang) of the Kingdom of Armenia from 189 BC until 387 AD and afterwards a region of the Caucasian Albanian satrapy of Sasanid Persia from 387 to the 7th century.

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Asadollah Alam

Amir Asadollah Alam (24 July 1919 – 14 April 1978) was an Iranian politician who was Prime Minister from 1962 to 1964.

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Asadullah Mamaghani

Asadullah Mamaghani (اسدالله ممقانی) Sheikh Asadullah Mamaghani (Mamaghani) of Clergymen Qajar era is constitutional.

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Ashig Alasgar

Ashig Alasgar (Aşıq Ələsgər), (1821–1926), was an Azeri mystic troubadour (Ashik) and highly regarded poet of Azeri folk songs.

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Ashtarak

Ashtarak (Armenian: Աշտարակ), is a town and urban municipal community in the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia, located on the left bank of Kasagh River along the gorge, northwest of the capital Yerevan.

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Asia Institute

The Asia Institute was founded in 1928 in New York City as the American Institute for Persian Art and Archaeology.

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Askeran Fortress

Askeran fortress (Əsgəran qalası, also called Mayraberd in Armenian), is a fortress in the town of Askeran in Azerbaijan (de jure), in the Armenian-controlled Republic of Artsakh (de facto).

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Assadollah Hosseinpoor

Assadollah Hosseinpour (Persian: اسد الله حسین پور) was born in 1882 or 1883 in Tehran, Iran.

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Assyrian genocide

The Assyrian genocide (also known as Sayfo or Seyfo, "Sword"; ܩܛܠܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ or ܣܝܦܐ) refers to the mass slaughter of the Assyrian population of the Ottoman Empire and those in neighbouring Persia by Ottoman troops during the First World War, in conjunction with the Armenian and Greek genocides.

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Atabeg

Atabeg, Atabek, or Atabey is a hereditary title of nobility of a Turkic origin, indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a monarch and charged with raising the crown prince.

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Ataullah Behmanesh

Ataullah Behmanesh (Persian: عطاءالله بهمنش) (April 13, 1923 – July 2, 2017) was an Iranian wrestler and sports journalist.

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Attacks on U.S. diplomatic facilities

The United States maintains numerous embassies and consulates around the world, many of which are in war-torn countries or other dangerous areas.

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August 1900

The following events occurred in August 1900.

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Austro-Hungarian military mission in Persia

The Austro-Hungarian military mission in Persia was the development of a military organization in Qajar Persia in 1879 by Austria-Hungary, which is considered as part of efforts to reform the Persian army under Naser al-Din Shah and set up a standing army in Persia.

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Avetis Nazarbekian

Avetis Nazarbekian (Ավետիս Վարդանի Նազարբեկյան, 1866, Tabriz – 1939, Moscow), also known as Nazarbek or Lerents, was an Armenian poet, journalist, political activist and revolutionary, one of the founders of Social Democrat Hunchakian Party.

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Ayrum

Ayrum (Այրում), is a town and urban municipal community in the Tavush Province of Armenia, located at a road distance of northeast of the capital Yerevan and north of the provincial capital Ijevan.

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Ayub Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)

Ghazi Mohammad Ayub Khan (غازي محمد ايوب خان) (1857 – April 7, 1914, Urdu) was also known as The Victor of Maiwand or The Afghan Prince Charlie and was, for a while, the governor of Herat Province in Afghanistan.

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Azad Khan Afghan

Azād Khān Afghān (آزاد خان افغان), or Azād Shāh Afghān (آزاد شاه افغان) (died 1781), was a Pashtun military commander and a major contender for supremacy in western Iran after the death of Nader Shah Afshar in 1747.

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Azerbaijan

No description.

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Azerbaijan (Iran)

Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan (آذربایجان Āzarbāijān; آذربایجان Azərbaycan), also known as Iranian Azerbaijan, is a historical region in northwestern Iran that borders Iraq, Turkey, the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan.

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Azerbaijan Democratic Republic

The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR; Azərbaycan Demokratik Respublikası), also known as Azerbaijan People's Republic (Azərbaycan Xalq Cümhuriyyəti) or Caucasus Azerbaijan in diplomatic documents, was the third democratic republic in the Turkic world and Muslim world, after the Crimean People's Republic and Idel-Ural Republic.

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Azerbaijan Museum

Azerbaijan Museum is the major archaeological and historical museum in Tabriz, in the northwest part of Iran (East Azerbaijan province).

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Azerbaijan–Iran relations

Azerbaijan–Iran relations are foreign relations between Azerbaijan and Iran.

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Azerbaijan–Russia relations

Azerbaijan–Russia relations (Российско-азербайджанские отношения or Азербайджано-российские отношения, Azərbaycan–Rusiya münasibətləri) defines the relationship between the two countries, the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Russian Federation.

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Azerbaijani alphabet

The Azerbaijani alphabet (Azərbaycan əlifbası) of the Republic of Azerbaijan is a Latin-script alphabet used for writing the Azerbaijani language.

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Azerbaijani language

Azerbaijani or Azeri, also referred to as Azeri Turkic or Azeri Turkish, is a Turkic language spoken primarily by the Azerbaijanis, who are concentrated mainly in Transcaucasia and Iranian Azerbaijan (historic Azerbaijan).

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Azerbaijani literature

Azerbaijani literature (Azərbaycan ədəbiyyatı) refers to the literature written in Azerbaijani, a Turkic language, which currently is the official state language of the Republic of Azerbaijan and is the first-language of most people in Iranian Azerbaijan.

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Azerbaijanis

Azerbaijanis or Azeris (Azərbaycanlılar آذربایجانلیلار, Azərilər آذریلر), also known as Azerbaijani Turks (Azərbaycan türkləri آذربایجان تورکلری), are a Turkic ethnic group living mainly in the Iranian region of Azerbaijan and the sovereign (former Soviet) Republic of Azerbaijan.

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Azerbaijanis in Georgia

Azerbaijanis in Georgia or Georgian Azerbaijanis (Gürcüstan azərbaycanlıları, აზერბაიჯანელები საქართველოში) are Azerbaijani people in Georgia, and are Georgian citizens and permanent residents of ethnic Azerbaijani background.

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Azerbaijanis in Turkey

Azerbaijanis in Turkey or Turkish Azerbaijanis (Türkiyə azərbaycanlıları) are Azerbaijani people in Turkey, and are Turkish citizens and permanent residents of ethnic Azerbaijani background.

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Aziz Khan Mokri

Aziz Khan Mokri, also known as Aziz Khan Sardar, was an ethnic Kurdish statesman who served for over 50 years as the head of the Iranian army during the reign of the Qajar shah Naser al-Din Shah Qajar.

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Şəmkir

Şəmkir is a city in and the capital of Shamkir District in western Azerbaijan, located in the northern foothills of the Lesser Caucasus, on the coast of the Chagirchay River on Tbilisi-Yevlakh highway, about from Dallar railway station.

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Ərəzin

Ərəzin (also, Arazin and Arasin) is a village and municipality in the Julfa Rayon of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan.

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Baban

The house of Baban (1649–1850) ruled a Kurdish principality which encompassed areas of present-day Iraqi Kurdistan and western Iran from the early 17th century until 1850.

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Background of the Greek War of Independence

The Fall of Constantinople in 1453 and the subsequent fall of the successor states of the Eastern Roman Empire marked the end of Byzantine sovereignty.

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Badr al-Molouk

Badr al-Molouk was the first wife of Ahmad Shah Qajar.

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Bagher Babashah Ashtiani

Bagher Babashah Ashtiani (باقر باباشاه آشتیانی; 23 February 1923 – 22 December 2015) was an Iranian prosecutor and a judge on the country's highest court before the Iranian Revolution.

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Bagrationi dynasty

The Bagrationi dynasty (bagrat’ioni) is a royal family that reigned in Georgia from the Middle Ages until the early 19th century, being among the oldest extant Christian ruling dynasties in the world. In modern usage, this royal line is often referred to as the Georgian Bagratids (a Hellenized form of their dynastic name), also known in English as the Bagrations. The common origin with the Armenian Bagratuni dynasty has been accepted by several scholars Toumanoff, Cyril, "Armenia and Georgia", in The Cambridge Medieval History, Cambridge, 1966, vol. IV, p. 609. Accessible online at (Although, other sources claim, that dynasty had Georgian roots). Early Georgian Bagratids through dynastic marriage gained the Principality of Iberia after succeeding Chosroid dynasty at the end of the 8th century. In 888, the Georgian monarchy was restored and united various native polities into the Kingdom of Georgia, which prospered from the 11th to the 13th century. This period of time, particularly the reigns of David IV the Builder (1089–1125) and his great granddaughter Tamar the Great (1184–1213) inaugurated the Georgian Golden Age in the history of Georgia.Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh. "Burke’s Royal Families of the World: Volume II Africa & the Middle East, 1980, pp. 56-67 After fragmentation of the unified Kingdom of Georgia in the late 15th century, the branches of the Bagrationi dynasty ruled the three breakaway Georgian kingdoms, Kingdom of Kartli, Kingdom of Kakheti, and Kingdom of Imereti, until Russian annexation in the early 19th century. While the Treaty of Georgievsk's 3rd Article guaranteed continued sovereignty for the Bagrationi dynasty and their continued presence on the Georgian Throne, the Russian Imperial Crown later broke the terms of the treaty, and their treaty became an illegal annexation. The dynasty persisted within the Russian Empire as an Imperial Russian noble family until the 1917 February Revolution. The establishment of Soviet rule in Georgia in 1921 forced some members of the family to accept demoted status and loss of property in Georgia, others relocated to Western Europe, although some repatriated after Georgian independence in 1991.

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Bahá'í Faith

The Bahá'í Faith (بهائی) is a religion teaching the essential worth of all religions, and the unity and equality of all people.

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Bahá'í Faith by continent

The Bahá'í Faith is a diverse and widespread religion founded by Bahá'u'lláh in the 19th century in Iran.

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Bahá'í Faith in Azerbaijan

The Bahá'í in Azerbaijan crosses a complex history of regional changes.

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Bahá'í Faith in Greater Boston

The Bahá'í Faith in Greater Boston, a combined statistical area, has had glimpses of the religion in the 19th century arising to its first community of religionists at the turn of the century.

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Bahá'í Faith in Russia

The history of the Bahá'í Faith (Вера Бахаи) in Russia began soon after the founding in 1844 of the Bábí religion, viewed by Bahá'ís as the direct predecessor of the Bahá'í Faith, with Russian diplomats to Qajar Persia observing, reacting to, and sending updates about the Bábís.

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Bahá'í Faith in South Carolina

The Bahá'í Faith in South Carolina begins in the transition from Jim Crow to the Civil Rights movement but defines another approach to the problem, and proceeded according to its teachings.

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Bahá'u'lláh

Bahá'u'lláh (بهاء الله, "Glory of God"; 12 November 1817 – 29 May 1892 and Muharram 2, 1233 - Dhu'l Qa'dah 2, 1309), born Mírzá Ḥusayn-`Alí Núrí (میرزا حسین‌علی نوری), was the founder of the Bahá'í Faith.

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Bahiyyih Nakhjavani

Bahiyyih Nakhjavani is an Iranian writer who grew up in Uganda and was educated at Dr Williams School, Dolgellau, United Kingdom and the United States.

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Bahman Mirza Qajar

Bahman Mirza (11 October 1810 – 11 February 1884) was a Persian prince of the Qajar Dynasty, son of Abbas Mirza and grandson of Fath Ali Shah.

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Bahmani family

The Bahmani family, also Bahmani-Qajar is an aristocratic Persian family belonging to one of the princely families of the Qajar dynasty, the ruling house that reigned Iran 1785–1925.

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Bahram Mirza

Bahram Mirza Moezz-od-Dowleh Qajar (1806–1882) (بهرام میرزا معزالدوله قاجار) was the second son of Abbas Mirza who was the youngest son of Fat'h Ali Shah Qajar.

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Bahram Mirza Sardar Mass'oud

Prince Bahram Mirza Sardar Mass'oud (1885 – 24 March 1916 (?)) was Persian Prince of the Qajar Dynasty and constitutionalists, son of Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan and grandson of Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar.

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Baku

Baku (Bakı) is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region, with a population of 2,374,000.

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Baku Governorate

Baku Governorate (Бакинская губерния, Pre-Reform Russian: Бакинская губернія) was one of the guberniyas of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, with its centre in Baku.

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Baku Khanate

Baku Khanate (خانات باکو — Khānāt-e Baku), was an autonomous Muslim principality under Iranian suzerainty, which existed between 1747 and 1806.

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Baqcheh Jooq Palace

Baqcheh Jooq Palace is a palace located between the border towns of Maku and Bazargan in West Azarbaijan.

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Barbari bread

Barbari bread (translit. Nān-e Barbari) is a type of Iranian flatbread.

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Bastak

Bastak (بستک; also known as Bustak) is a city and capital of Bastak County, Hormozgan Province, Iran.

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Battle axe

A battle axe (also battle-axe or battle-ax) is an axe specifically designed for combat.

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Battle of Aslanduz

The Battle of Aslanduz took place on 19–20 October 1812 between Russia and Persia. The Persian Fath Ali Shah had his large army stationed in Aslanduz led by the heir to the throne, Abbas Mirza. The Russian squad, headed by the charismatic Major General Pyotr Kotlyarevsky, using the element of surprise night attack, routed the Persians who were still at sleep and quickly moved on to storm Lankaran victoriously in the beginning of 1813, thus ending any Persian hopes of continuing the war or settling on even peace terms for both parties.

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Battle of Echmiadzin (1804)

The Battle of Echmiadzin took place in June 1804, during the Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813.

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Battle of Erzurum (1821)

The Battle of Erzurum occurred in 1821 as part of the Ottoman-Persian War of 1821-1823.

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Battle of Ganja (1804)

The siege of Ganja and storming its citadel (Gəncə qalasının işğalı,گنجه قلعه‌سینین ایشغالی اشغال قلعه گنجه) was the result of a Russian offensive in the South Caucasus intended to conquer the Ganja Khanate, which contributed to the escalation of the Russo-Persian War (1804–1813).

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Battle of Ganja (1826)

The Battle of Ganja took place on 26 September 1826, during the Russo-Persian War of 1826-1828.

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Battle of Kafir Qala

The Battle of Kafir Qala was fought in 1818 between the Qajar Dynasty of Iran and the forces of the Durrani Empire of Afghanistan.

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Battle of Krtsanisi

The Battle of Krtsanisi (კრწანისის ბრძოლა, k'rts'anisis brdzola) was fought between the Qajars of Iran and the Georgian armies of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti and Kingdom of Imereti at the place of Krtsanisi near Tbilisi, Georgia, from September 8 to September 11, 1795, as part of Qajar Emperor Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar's war in response to King Heraclius II of Georgia’s alliance with the Russian Empire.

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Battle of Sarakhs

Battle of Sarakhs may refer to;.

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Battle of Sultanabad

The Battle of Sultanabad occurred on February 13, 1812, between the Russian Empire and Persian Empire.

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Báb

The Báb, born Siyyid `Alí Muhammad Shírází (سيد علی ‌محمد شیرازی; October 20, 1819 – July 9, 1850) was the founder of Bábism, and one of the central figures of the Bahá'í Faith.

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Bábism

Bábism (بابیه, Babiyye), also known as the Bayání Faith (Persian:, Bayání), is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion which professes that there is one incorporeal, unknown, and incomprehensible GodBrowne, E.G., p. 15 who manifests his will in an unending series of theophanies, called Manifestations of God (Arabic). It has no more than a few thousand adherents according to current estimates, most of whom are concentrated in Iran.

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Beard

A beard is the collection of hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of humans and some non-human animals.

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Bechari House

Bechari House dates back to Sheikh Khazal's rule (Qajar era).

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Behnam House

Behnam House is a historical building in Tabriz, Iran.

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Behrouz Gharibpour

Behrouz Gharibpour (بهروز غریب‌پور) (born 1950 in Sanandaj) is an Iranian theatre director and pioneer of traditional Persian puppet theatre.

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Besh Qardash

Besh Qardash (or Besh Ghardash) (Persian: بش قارداش) is a monument and mineral spring in Bojnord, North Khorasan Province, Iran.

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Bibi Khanoom Astarabadi

Bibi Khānoom Astarābādi (بی بی خانوم استرآبادی)‎ (1858/59–1921) was a notable Iranian writer, satirist, and one of the pioneering figures in the women's movement of Iran.

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Bijar

Bījār (بیجار; بیجاڕ, Bîcar) is a city and capital of Bijar County, Kurdistan Province, Iran.

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Black people

Black people is a term used in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification or of ethnicity, to describe persons who are perceived to be dark-skinned compared to other populations.

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Blue Mosque, Yerevan

The Blue Mosque (Կապույտ մզկիթ, Kapuyt mzkit; مسجد کبود Masjed-e Kabud) is an 18th-century Shia mosque in Yerevan, Armenia.

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Bogatyr battalion

The Bogatyr battalion (Батальон богатырей; گردان بهادران) was a battalion made up of deserters from the Russian army formed in 19th-century Iran, primarily during and for a time after the era of the Russo-Iranian Wars.

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Bojnord

Bojnord (Persian: بجنورد) (also spelled Bojnūrd, Bujnūrd, Bojnoord, Bojnord or Bujnurd, the medieval Buzanjird.) is the capital city of North Khorasan province, Iran.

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Borujerd

Borujerd (بروجرد Borūjerd) is a city in and capital of Borujerd County, Lorestan Province in western Iran.

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Bozbash

Bozbash (bozbaş "grey head" or "grey meal") is a Azerbaijani mutton soup which is also popular in Armenia and Iran.

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Bradost

Bradost or Baradust name of a Kurdish tribe, region, mountain range, river, and emirate.

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Bridget Sequeira

Mother Bridget Sequeira, F.M.C.K., was a Franciscan Religious Sister who founded the Franciscan Missionaries of Christ the King, a missionary religious congregation for women, in Karachi, Pakistan.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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Brookwood Cemetery

Brookwood Cemetery, also known as the London Necropolis, is a burial ground in Brookwood, Surrey, England.

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Brussels Conference Act of 1890

The Brussels Conference Act of 1890 (full title: Convention Relative to the Slave Trade and Importation into Africa of Firearms, Ammunition, and Spiritous Liquors) was a collection of anti-slavery measures signed in Brussels on 2 July 1890 (and which entered into force on 31 August 1891) to, as the act itself puts it, "put an end to Negro Slave Trade by land as well as by sea, and to improve the moral and material conditions of existence of the native races".

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Bukan

Bukan (بوکان; also Romanized as Bukān, (Bokan) is the capital of Bukan County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran, one of 14 cities and towns in the province. As of 2017, its population was estimated to be near 194,846 in 57,000 families, making it the third most populous city of the province. Its distance from the province′s capital is 184 kilometres. Seventy-five percent of the population is settled in the urban area, while 25% live in the rural area (Iran 2012 Census). This population is almost a homogeneous Kurdish-speaking. community. The spoken language in the city is Kurdish, but the language which is used in schools and offices is Farsi, since the official language in Iran is Persian Almost everyone in the city are fluent in Farsi.

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Camille Alphonse Trézel

Camille Alphonse Trézel (5 January 1780, Paris – 11 April 1860, Paris) was a French général de division, Minister for War and peer of France during the July Monarchy.

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Campaigns of Nader Shah

The campaigns of Nader Shah were a series of conflicts fought in the early to mid-eighteenth century throughout Central Eurasia primarily by the Persian conqueror Nader Shah.

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Capture of Erivan

The capture of Erivan (گرفتن ایروان – Gereftan e Iravān; Взятие Эривани – Vzyatiye Erivani) took place on 1 October 1827, during the Russo-Persian War of 1826–28.

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Caravanserai of Sa'd al-Saltaneh

The Caravanserai of Sa'd al-Saltaneh (سعد السلطنه) is a large Caravanserai located in the city of Qazvin in Qazvin Province of Iran.

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Castration

Castration (also known as gonadectomy) is any action, surgical, chemical, or otherwise, by which an individual loses use of the testicles.

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Caucasian War

The Caucasian War (Кавказская война; Kavkazskaya vojna) of 1817–1864 was an invasion of the Caucasus by the Russian Empire which resulted in Russia's annexation of the areas of the North Caucasus, and the ethnic cleansing of Circassians.

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Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucasia is a region located at the border of Europe and Asia, situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea and occupied by Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia.

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Caucasus Campaign

The Caucasus Campaign comprised armed conflicts between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, later including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, the German Empire, the Central Caspian Dictatorship and the British Empire as part of the Middle Eastern theatre during World War I. The Caucasus Campaign extended from the South Caucasus to the Armenian Highlands region, reaching as far as Trabzon, Bitlis, Mush and Van.

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Chaharshanbe Suri

Chaharshanbe Suri (Čahār-šanba(-e)-sūrī; usually pronounced) is an Iranian festival celebrated on the eve of the last Wednesday before Nowruz (the Iranian New Year's day).

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Chalice

A chalice (from Latin calix, mug, borrowed from Greek κύλιξ (kulix), cup) or goblet is a footed cup intended to hold a drink.

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Charles Henry Oldfather

Charles Henry Oldfather (13 June 1887 – 20 August 1954) was an American professor of history of the ancient world, specifically at the liberal arts and science university college of Nebraska.

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Charles Murray (author and diplomat)

Sir Charles Augustus Murray (22 November 1806 – 3 June 1895) was a British author and diplomat.

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Charles Nicolas Fabvier

Charles Nicolas Fabvier (Κάρολος Φαβιέρος) (10 December 1782 – 15 September 1855) was an ambassador, general and French member of parliament who played a distinguished role in the Greek War of Independence.

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Chassepot

The Chassepot, officially known as Fusil modèle 1866, was a bolt action military breechloading rifle, famous as the arm of the French forces in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/1871.

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Chechen refugees

During the inter-ethnic strife in Chechnya and the two separatist First and Second Chechen Wars, hundreds of thousands of Chechen refugees have left their homes and left the republic for elsewhere in Russia and abroad.

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Chechens

Chechens (Нохчий; Old Chechen: Нахчой Naxçoy) are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples originating in the North Caucasus region of Eastern Europe.

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Chechnya

The Chechen Republic (tɕɪˈtɕɛnskəjə rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə; Нохчийн Республика, Noxçiyn Respublika), commonly referred to as Chechnya (p; Нохчийчоь, Noxçiyçö), is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia.

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Chelow kabab

Chelow kebab (چلوکباب) is an Iranian dish consisting of cooked rice and one of the many varieties of Iranian kebab.

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Cheragh-Ali Khan Zanganeh

Cheragh-Ali Khan Zanganeh (چراغ‌علی‌ کهن زنگنه: d. after 1864/5) was a prominent Iranian statesman during the early reign of the Qajar shah Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (r. 1848-1896).

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Cherkesogai

Cherkesogai (Черкесогаи) or Circassian Armenians (չերքեզահայեր cherk'ezahayer; черкесские армяне; Circassian: Адыгэ-ермэлы), sometimes referred to as Ermeli (Circassian: Ермэлы), Mountainous Armenians (горские армяне) or Transkuban Armenians (закубанские армяне), are ethnic Armenians who have inhabited Russia's Krasnodar Krai and Republic of Adyghea since as early as the 8th century and spoke the Adyghe language (currently, most of them speak Russian as their first language), apart from other Armenians living in the region.

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Christianity in Iran

Christianity has a long history in Iran, dating back to the early years of the faith, and pre-dating Islam.

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Church of Caucasian Albania

The Albanian Apostolic Church or the Church of Caucasian Albania was an ancient briefly independent autocephalous Igor Kuznetsov.

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Church of the Holy Virgin (Baku)

Church of the Holy Virgin or Holy Mother of God Church (Սուրբ Աստվածածին եկեղեցի, Церковь Святой Богоматери, церковь Аствацацин, Surp Astvatsatsin Erməni Kilsəsi) was an Armenian Apostolic church in the Old City (İçərişəhər) of Baku, Azerbaijan, built in the 18th century and demolished in 1992.

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Cinema of Iran

The Cinema of Iran (Persian: سینمای ایران), also known as the Cinema of Persia, refers to the cinema and film industries in Iran which produce a variety of commercial films annually.

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Circassian beauties

Circassian beauties is a phrase used to refer to an idealized image of the women of the Circassian people of the Northwestern Caucasus.

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Circassian diaspora

The Circassian diaspora refers to the resettlement of the Circassian population, especially during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.

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Circassian genocide

The Circassian genocide was the Russian Empire's ethnic cleansing, killing, forced migration, and expulsion of the majority of the Circassians from their historical homeland Circassia, which roughly encompassed the major part of the North Caucasus and the northeast shore of the Black Sea.

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Circassians

The Circassians (Черкесы Čerkesy), also known by their endonym Adyghe (Circassian: Адыгэхэр Adygekher, Ады́ги Adýgi), are a Northwest Caucasian nation native to Circassia, many of whom were displaced in the course of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the 19th century, especially after the Russian–Circassian War in 1864.

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Circassians in Iran

The Circassians in Iran (East Circassian and West Circassian: Адыгэхэр Къажэрей, Adyghexer Kŭazhéreĭ; چرکس های ایران) are an ethnic minority in Iran.

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Classical Persian dance

Classical Persian dance is a style of concert dance that evolved from courtroom dance.

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Classification des dialectes arméniens

Classification des dialectes arméniens (Classification of Armenian dialects) is a 1909 book by the Armenian linguist Hrachia Adjarian, published in Paris.

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Clericalism in Iran

Clericalism in Iran has a long history and had remarkable impact on Iranian society, politics as well as on Islamic theology.

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Cobalt blue

Cobalt blue is a blue pigment made by sintering cobalt(II) oxide with alumina at 1200 °C.

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Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces

Farmandeye Koll-e Qova (فرمانده کل قوا), formerly known as Bozorg Arteshtaran (بزرگ‌ارتشتاران), is the supreme commanding authority of all the Armed Forces of Iran and the highest possible military position within the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Concert dance

Concert dance (also known as performance dance or theatre dance in the United Kingdom) is dance performed for an audience.

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Constitution House of Tabriz

The Constitution House of Tabriz, also known as Khaneh Mashrouteh, is a historical edifice located next to the Great Bazaar of Tabriz, on Motahari Ave in Tabriz, Iran.

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Constitutionalization attempts in Iran

The Persian Constitutional Revolution was a short-lived push for democratic rule in the form of a constitutional monarchy within a highly elitist yet decentralized society under the Qajars.

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Convention for the Protection of Submarine Telegraph Cables

The Convention for the Protection of Submarine Telegraph Cables is a multilateral treaty that was signed in 1884 in order to protect submarine communications cables that had begun to be laid in the 19th century.

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Cragside

Cragside is a Victorian country house near the town of Rothbury in Northumberland, England.

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Crown (heraldry)

A crown is often an emblem of a sovereign state, a monarch's government, or items endorsed by it (see The Crown).

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Crown prince

A crown prince is the male heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy.

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Culture of Azerbaijan

The Culture of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani:Azərbaycan mədəniyyəti) developed under the influence of Iranian, Turkic and Caucasian heritage as well as Russian influences due to its former status as a Soviet republic.

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Culture of Iran

The culture of Iran (Farhang-e Irān), also known as culture of Persia, is one of the oldest in the world.

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Dabir

Dabīr (Middle Persian: dibīr, New Persian: دبیر; "secretary/scribe") was the title of one of the four classes in the society of Sasanian Iran, which played a major role in Sasanian politics.

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Dagestan

The Republic of Dagestan (Респу́блика Дагеста́н), or simply Dagestan (or; Дагеста́н), is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region.

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Damavand College

Damavand College (in مدرسه عالی دماوند Madreseh-ye Ālī-ye Damāvand; later, دانشکده دماوند Dāneshkadeh-ye Damāvand) was a private institution of higher learning for women and in 1974 it became a public college, offering a four-year intercultural program in the liberal arts from 1968 to 1979 with the supervision of the Ministry of Higher Education of Iran in Tehran.

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Damghan

Damghan (دامغان, also Romanized as Dāmghān) is the capital of Damghan County, Semnan Province, Iran.

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Dar ul-Funun (Persia)

Dar ul-Funun (دارالفنون, meaning "Polytechnic"), established in 1851, was the first modern university and modern institution of higher learning in Iran (Persia).

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Darejan Dadiani

Darejan Dadiani (დარეჯანი), also known as Daria (დარია; Дарья Георгиевна, Darya Georgyevna) (20 July 1738 – 8 November 1807), was Queen Consort of Kakheti, and later Kartli-Kakheti in Eastern Georgia, as the third wife of King Erekle II (also known as Heraclius II).

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Daria-i-Noor

The Daria-i-Noor (fa which means “Sea of light” in Persian; (also spelled Darya-ye Noor) is one of the largest cut diamonds in the world, weighing an estimated 182 carats (36 g). Its colour, pale pink, is one of the rarest to be found in diamonds. The Daria-i-Noor is in the Iranian Crown Jewels of Central Bank of Iran in Tehran.

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Darial Gorge

The Darial Gorge (დარიალის ხეობა, Darialis Kheoba; Дарьяльское ущелье; Арвыком, Arvykom; Башлоам-Чу) is a river gorge on the border between Russia and Georgia.

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Darreh Shahr County

Darreh Shahr County (شهرستان دره‌شهر) is a county in Ilam Province in Iran.

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Darrous

Darrous is a neighborhood in Shemiran, northern Tehran, Iran.

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Darvazeh No mosque

The Darvazeh No mosque is a historical mosque from the Qajar era in Isfahan, Iran.

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Dastakert

Dastakert (Դաստակերտ), is a village in the Syunik Province of Armenia that belongs to the community of Sisian.

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Dastgah

Dastgāh (دستگاه) is a musical modal system in traditional Persian art music.

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Deaths in April 2014

The following is a list of notable deaths in April 2014.

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Deaths in December 2015

The following is a list of notable deaths in December 2015.

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Deaths in May 2011

The following is a list of notable deaths in May 2011.

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Deir-e Gachin Caravansarai

Deir-e Gachin Caravansarai is one of the largest caravansarais of Iran which is located in the center of Kavir National Park.

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Delgosha Garden

Delgosha Garden is one of the historical gardens in Shiraz, Iran near Tomb of Sa’di and it belongs to the pre-Islamic era of the Sassanian Empire.

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Democrat Party (Persia)

Democrat Party (فرقه دموکرات) was a social democrat political party in Qajari Persia, during the constitutional period.

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Democrat Party of Iran

Iranian Democrat Party or Democrat Party of Iran (DPI; Ḥezb-e Demowkrāt-e Irān) was a short-lived political party in Iran, founded in 1946 and led by Ahmad Qavam.

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Demographics of Iran

Iran's population increased dramatically during the later half of the 20th century, reaching about 80 million by 2016.

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Derbent

Derbent (Дербе́нт; دربند; Dərbənd; Кьвевар; Дербенд), formerly romanized as Derbend, is a city in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia, located on the Caspian Sea, north of the Azerbaijani border.

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Derbent Khanate

The Derbent Khanate (خانات دربند — Khānāt-e Darband, Dərbənd xanlığı) was a Caucasian khanate that was established in Afsharid Iran.

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Dervish

A dervish or darvesh (from درویش, Darvīsh) is someone guiding a Sufi Muslim ascetic down a path or "tariqah", known for their extreme poverty and austerity.

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Dibaj

Dibaj (ديباج, also Romanized as Dibadj; formerly known as Qal‘eh (Persian: قلعه), Chahārdeh, Chārdeh, and Chehārdeh) is a city in the Central District of Damghan County, Semnan Province, Iran.

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Dilijan

Dilijan (Դիլիջան) is a spa town and urban municipal community in the Tavush Province of Armenia.

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Dilmaghani

The Dilmaghani family, the oldest existing manufacturers of hand knotted carpets and oriental rugs, can be traced back to the 1850sIttig, Annette (1986).

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Division of the Afsharid Empire

After Nader Shah was assassinated in 1747, his nephew Ali Qoli (who may have been involved in the assassination plot) seized the throne and proclaimed himself Adil Shah (meaning: The Just King).

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Djahangir Mirza

Prince Djahangir Mirza (جهانگیر میرزا) (1810-1853) Persian Prince of Qajar Dynasty, was the third son of Abbas Mirza, the crown prince and governor of Azerbaijan, who in turn was the son of Fat′h Ali Shah Qajar, the second Shah of the Qajar dynasty.

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Doğubayazıt

Doğubayazıt is a district of Ağrı Province of Turkey, and it is the easternmost district of Turkey, bordering Iran.

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Doll

A doll is a model of a human being, often used as a toy for children.

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Dome

Interior view upward to the Byzantine domes and semi-domes of Hagia Sophia. See Commons file for annotations. A dome (from Latin: domus) is an architectural element that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere.

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Don Cossacks

Don Cossacks (Донские казаки) are Cossacks who settled along the middle and lower Don.

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Donboli

Donboli (Persian دنبلى, "Donbolī" and sometimes "Danabele") are a Turkic-speaking sub-ethnic group of Kurds originality in the Khoy khanate and Tabriz khanate regions of West Azarbaijan Province of Iran.

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Doris Lessing

Doris May Lessing (22 October 1919 – 17 November 2013) was a British novelist, poet, playwright, librettist, biographer and short story writer.

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Dost Mohammad Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)

Dost Mohammad Khan (دوست محمد خان, December 23, 1793June 9, 1863) was the founder of the Barakzai dynasty and one of the prominent rulers of Afghanistan during the First Anglo-Afghan War.

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Dowlatshah

Mohammad Ali Mirza Dowlatshah (4 January 1789 – 22 November 1821, Al-Mada'in, Ottoman Iraq) was a famous Persian Prince of the Qajar Dynasty.

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Dynasty

A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family,Oxford English Dictionary, "dynasty, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1897.

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Early Kurdish nationalism

The nationalist movement among the Kurdish people first emerged in the late 19th century with an uprising in 1880 led by Sheik Ubeydullah.

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Early modern period

The early modern period of modern history follows the late Middle Ages of the post-classical era.

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East Azerbaijan Governance Palace

The East-Azerbaijan Provincial Palace (کاخ استانداری آذربایجان شرقی) is the main office for Iran's East-Azerbaijan provincial governor in downtown Tabriz.

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Ebrahim Khan

Ebrahim Khan Zahir od-Dowleh (ابراهیم خان) was an Iranian statesman from the Qajar dynasty.

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Ed-Dowleh

Ed-Dowleh is a suffix used as part of titles for members of royalty who were in governing positions during the Qajar dynasty in Iran (Persia).

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El-Gölü

El Gölü (Azerbaijani:El Gölü, ائل گؤلو; Persian:ائل گلی), also known as Shah Gölü (شاه گلی, Şah Gölü) is the name of a large historic park containing an artificial lake in south east of Tabriz, Iran.

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Elahieh

Elahieh (also spelt Elahiyeh; الهیه) is an affluent and upper-class district in northern Tehran.

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Elisabethpol Governorate

Elisabethpol Governorate or Elizavetpol Governorate or Elizavetapol Governorate (Елизаветпольская губерния; in pre-1918 Russian spelling: Елисаветпольская губернія) was one of the guberniyas of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, with its centre in Elisabethpol (official name for Ganja in 1805–1918).

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Emamzadeh Ebrahim, Kashan

The Emamzadeh Ebrahim (امامزاده ابراهیم) is a historical structure in Kashan, Iran.

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Emamzadeh Panje Shah

The Emamzadeh Panje Shah is an imamzadeh in Kashan, Iran.

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Emamzadeh Soltan Mir Ahmad

Emamzadeh Soltan Mir Ahmad is an Emamzadeh in Kashan, Iran.

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Emarateh Amiriyeh

Emarateh Amiriyeh is an old building dating from the Ghajar period.

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Embassy of Moldova, Washington, D.C.

The Embassy of Moldova in Washington, D.C. is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Moldova to United States.

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Embassy of the United Kingdom, Tehran

The Embassy of the United Kingdom in Tehran is the United Kingdom's diplomatic mission to the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Emblem of Iran

The Emblem of Iran (نشان رسمی ایران, neshān-e rasmi-ye Irān) since the 1979 Iranian Revolution features the Arabic word ''Allah'' ("God"), rendered in stylized characters from the Persian alphabet.

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Emir

An emir (أمير), sometimes transliterated amir, amier, or ameer, is an aristocratic or noble and military title of high office used in a variety of places in the Arab countries, West African, and Afghanistan.

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Encyclopædia Britannica

The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

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Eram Garden

Eram Garden (باغ ارم, Bāgh-e Eram) is a historic Persian garden in Shiraz, Iran.The garden, and the building within it, are located at the northern shore of the Khoshk River in the Fars province.

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Erivan Khanate

The Erivan Khanate (خانات ایروان – Xānāt-e Iravān; Երևանի խանություն – Yerevani khanut’yun; İrəvan xanlığı – ایروان خانلیغی), also known as Chokhur-e Sa'd, was a khanate (i.e. province) that was established in Afsharid Iran in the eighteenth century.

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Erivan Province (Safavid Empire)

The Erivan Province (translit), also known as Chokhur-e Sa'd (چخور سعد), was a velayat (province) of the Safavid Empire, centered on the territory of the present-day Armenia.

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Ernest Cloquet

Louis André Ernest Cloquet (b. 11 October 1818, Paris — d. 1855, Tehran) was a physician in Qajar Iran of French origin, who was active during the reigns of Mohammad Shah Qajar (1834–1848) and Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (1848–1896).

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Ernst Fuchs (doctor)

Ernst Fuchs (14 June 1851, Vienna – 21 November 1930, Vienna) was an Austrian ophthalmologist, physician and researcher.

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Ernst Hoeltzer

Ernst Hoeltzer (January 7, 1835 – July 3, 1911) was a German telegraphist and photographer.

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Erzurum

Erzurum (Կարին) is a city in eastern Anatolia (Asian Turkey).

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Erzurum Province

Erzurum Province (Erzurum ili) is a province of Turkey in the Eastern Anatolia Region of the country. It is bordered by the provinces of Kars and Ağrı to the east, Muş and Bingöl to the south, Erzincan and Bayburt to the west, Rize and Artvin to the north and Ardahan to the northeast.

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Eskandar Mirza (Qajar)

Prince Eskandar Mirza (1810–1856) (اسکندر میرزا) Prince of Persia's Qajar Dynasty, was the son of Abbas Mirza and grandson of Fat'h Ali Shah Qajar.

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Esma'il Mass'oud

Esma’il Mass’oud (or Esma’il Mirza Mo’tamed ed-Dowleh) (1887–1968) was Persian Prince of Qajar Dynasty, son of Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan and grandson of Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar.

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Esmat Dowlatshahi

Esmat Dowlatshahi (عصمت دولتشاهی; 1905 – 25 July 1995) was an Iranian aristocrat and the fourth and last wife of Reza Shah.

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Etchmiadzin Cathedral

Etchmiadzin Cathedral (Էջմիածնի մայր տաճար, Ēǰmiatsni mayr tačar) is the mother church of the Armenian Apostolic Church, located in the city of Vagharshapat (Etchmiadzin), Armenia.

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Ethnic minorities in Iran

This article focuses on the status of ethnic minorities in contemporary Iran.

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Ethnicities in Iran

A majority of the population of Iran (approximately 67–80%) consists of Iranic peoples.

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Eugène Flandin

Jean-Baptiste Eugène Napoléon Flandin (15 August 1809 in Naples – 29 September 1889 in Tours), French orientalist, painter, archaeologist, and politician.

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European influence in Afghanistan

The European influence in Afghanistan refers to political, social, and mostly imperialistic influence several European nations and colonial powers have had on the historical development of Afghanistan.

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Execution of the Báb

On the morning of July 9, 1850 in Tabriz, a young Persian merchant known as the Báb, at the age of thirty, was charged with apostasy and shot by order of the Prime Minister of the Persian Empire.

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Exile and death of Pedro II of Brazil

The emperor Pedro II of Brazil was the second and last emperor of Brazil.

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F. Colombari

F.

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Faisal–Weizmann Agreement

The Faisal–Weizmann Agreement was a 3 January 1919 agreement between Emir Faisal, the third son of Hussein of the short-lived Kingdom of Hejaz, and Chaim Weizmann, a Zionist leader who had negotiated the 1917 Balfour Declaration with the British Government, signed two weeks before the start of the Paris Peace Conference.

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Fakhr-ol-dowleh

Iranian Princess Ashraf, titled Fakhr-ol-Dowleh (1883–1955), meaning pride of the state, was one of the most prominent daughters of Mozaffar al-Din Shah Qajar of the Qajar dynasty, who had a reputably strong character, to the point that she was even willing and able to confront Reza Shah for her patrimony and right.

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Farhad Sepahbody

Farhad Sepahbody (August 20, 1929 – April 6, 2014) was an Iranian exile and career diplomat.

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Farmanieh

Farmanieh (also spelled Farmaniye) is a district located in Shemiran, Tehran, Iran centered on Farmanieh Street.

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Fatali Khan

Fatali Khan of Quba or Fath Ali-Khan of Quba (فتحعلی‌خان قبه‌ای; Fətəli xan Qubalı or Fətx Əli-xan Qubalı; 1736 - March 29, 1789) – was a khan of the Quba Khanate (1758–1789).

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Fath-Ali Khan Qajar

Fath-Ali Khan Qajar (1686–1726), was the Qajar chieftain of the Ashaqa-bash branch.

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Fath-Ali Shah Qajar

Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (فتح‌على شاه قاجار; var. Fathalishah, Fathali Shah, Fath Ali Shah; 25 September 1772 – 23 October 1834) was the second Shah (Qajar emperor) of Iran.

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Fathollah Khan Akbar

Fathollah Khan Akbar (Persian: فتح الله خان اکبر) was an Iranian Prime Minister.

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Fatimeh Pahlavi

Fatimeh Pahlavi (فاطمه پهلوی; 30 October 1928 – 2 June 1987) was Reza Shah Pahlavi's tenth child and half-sister of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

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Fazel Darbandi

Fazel Darbandi (فاضل دربندی), also Fadil al-Darbandi (فاضل الدربندي), also known as Molla Agha Darbandi (Persian: ملا آقا دربندی) (d. Tehran, 1869/1870), was an Iranian Shia cleric and scholar of the Qajar era.

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Fazlollah Zahedi

Fazlollah Zahedi (Fazlollāh Zāhedi, pronounced; c. 1892 – 2 September 1963) was an Iranian general and statesman who replaced the democratically elected Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh through a coup d'état, in which he played a major role.

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February 1911

The following events occurred in February 1911.

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Ferdows Garden

Ferdows Garden (باغ فردوس) is a historical complex located in the district of Tajrish in Shemiran (northern Tehran), Iran.

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Fereydoon Hoveyda

Fereydoon Hoveyda (فریدون هویدا. Fereydūn Hoveyda, 21 September 1924 – 3 November 2006) was an Iranian diplomat, writer and thinker.

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Fereydoon Mirza

Prince Fereydoun Mirza (born in 1810–1812 – 26 December 1855) Persian Prince of Qajar Dynasty, was the 5th son of Abbas Mirza, then crown prince of Persia.

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Fereydoun Mirza Qajar

Shahzada Freydoun Mirza Qajar (فریدون میرزا قاجار; 22 January 1922 – 24 September 1975) was a member of the Qajar dynasty.

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Fereydun Adamiyat

Fereydun Adamiyat or Fereidoon Adamiyat (1920 in Tehran – March 29, 2008) (فریدون آدمیت) was a leading social historian of contemporary Iran and particularly the Qajar era.

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Feyzullah Mirza Qajar

Feyzullah Mirza Qajar (Фейзулла Мирза Каджар; فیض الله میرزا قاجار; Feyzulla Mirzə Qacar) also Fazullah-Mirza Qajar (Фазулла-Мирза-Каджар; فضل الله میرزا قاجار) (b. December 15, 1872 - d. 1920) - was a prince of Persia's Qajar dynasty and an Imperial Russian and Azerbaijani military commander, having the rank of Major-General.

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Fin Garden

Fin Garden (باغ فین Bagh-e Fin) located in Kashan, Iran, is a historical Persian garden.

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Firooz Bahram High School

Firooz Bahram High School (دبیرستان فیروز بهرام) is one of Tehran's oldest high schools still in operation.

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Firouz Nosrat-ed-Dowleh III

Prince Firouz Nosrat-ed-Dowleh III, (c. 1889 – April 1937) GCMG (1919) was the eldest son of Prince Abdol-Hossein Farmanfarma and Princess Ezzat-ed-Dowleh Qajar.

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First Anglo-Afghan War

The First Anglo-Afghan War (also known as Disaster in Afghanistan) was fought between British imperial India and the Emirate of Afghanistan from 1839 to 1842.

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Firuzabad, Fars

Firuzabad (فيروزآباد also Romanized as Fīrūzābād; Middle Persian: Gōr or Ardashir-Khwarrah, literally "The Glory of Ardashir"; also Shahr-e Gūr شهر گور) is a city and capital of Firuzabad County, Fars Province, Iran.

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Flag of Iran

The flag of Iran (Parcham-e Irān) is a tricolour comprising equal horizontal bands of green, white and red with the national emblem ("Allah") in red centred on the white band and the takbir written 11 times in the Kufic script in white, on each band.

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Fleet review (Commonwealth realms)

A fleet review is a traditional gathering of ships from a particular navy to be observed by the reigning monarch or his or her representative, a practice allegedly dating back to the 15th century.

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Foggy Tabriz (TV series)

Foggy Tabriz is a TV series directed by Mohammad Reza Varzi and acting, Kourosh Tahami, Jamshid Mashayekhi, Mohamad Motie, Mohammad-Reza Sharifinia, Hesam Navabsafavi, Elham Hamidi, Daryoush Kardan, Valiollah Momeni, Rozita Ghaffari, Arzhang Amirfazli, Javad Hashemi, Kamand Amir Soleymani.

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Forced conversion

Forced conversion is adoption of a different religion or irreligion under duress.

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Foreign policy of the Russian Empire

The Foreign policy of the Russian Empire covers Russian foreign relations down to 1917.

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Foreign relations of Iran

Foreign relations of Iran refers to inter-governmental relationships between the Islamic Republic of Iran and other countries.

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Former countries in Europe after 1815

This article gives a detailed listing of all the countries, including puppet states, that have existed in Europe since the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to the present day.

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Forsat-od-Dowleh Shirazi

Mirza Mohammad Nasir-al-Hosseini (b. 1854 – d. 23 October 1920; میرزا محمد نصیرالحسینی), better known by his pen name Forsat-od-Dowleh (فرصت‌الدوله), and more commonly Forsat-e Shirazi (فرصت شیرازی), was a poet, scholar and artist in Qajar Persia.

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Four Seasons Bathroom

The Four – Season bathhouse in the Iranian city Arak dates back to the Qajar period, and had two separate sections for ladies and gents.

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France–Asia relations

France–Asia relations span a period of more than two millennia, starting in the 6th century BCE with the establishment of Marseille by Greeks from Asia Minor, and continuing in the 3rd century BCE with Gaulish invasions of Asia Minor to form the kingdom of Galatia and Frankish Crusaders forming the Crusader States.

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Franco-Persian alliance

A Franco-Persian alliance or Franco-Iranian alliance was formed for a short period between the French Empire of Napoleon I and Fath Ali Shah against Russia and Great Britain between 1807 and 1809.

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Frangistan

Frangistan (فرنگستان) was a term used by Muslims and Persians in particular, during the Middle Ages and later historical periods to refer to Western or Latin Europe.

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Freidoune Sahebjam

Freidoune Sahebjam (Persian) (1933–2008) was a French-Iranian journalist, war correspondent, and novelist who resided in Neuilly-sur-Seine in France.

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Fuad I of Egypt

Fuad I (فؤاد الأول Fu’ād al-Awwal, I.; 26 March 1868 – 28 April 1936) was the Sultan and later King of Egypt and Sudan, Sovereign of Nubia, Kordofan, and Darfur.

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Furg Citadel

The Citadel of Furg, or Arg e Furg, is a citadel from the 12th century, located in Furg Village in Darmian County, South Khorasan, Iran.

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Ganja Khanate

The Ganja Khanate (خانات گنجه — Khānāt-e Ganjeh, Gəncə xanlığı, Ҝәнҹә ханлығы, گنجه خنليغى) was a semi-independent Caucasian khanate that was established in Afsharid Iran and existed in the territory of what is modern-day Azerbaijan between 1747-1805.

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Ganja, Azerbaijan

Ganja (Gəncə) is Azerbaijan's second largest city, with a population of around 331,400.

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Gömür, Nakhchivan

Gömür (also, Gëmyur and Kömür; Գեմուր) is a village and municipality in the Shahbuz District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan.

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Gülüstan, Goranboy

Gülüstan (Գյուլիստան, Gyulistan) is a village in the Goranboy District of Azerbaijan, which is part of the municipality of Buzluq.

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General Maritime Treaty of 1820

The General Maritime Treaty of 1820 was a treaty initially signed between the rulers of Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ajman and Umm al-Quwain and the United Kingdom in January 1820, with the nearby island state of Bahrain acceding to the treaty in the following February.

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George Percy Churchill

George Percy Churchill CBE FSA (1877–1973) was a British historian and diplomat.

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Georgia (country)

Georgia (tr) is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Georgia within the Russian Empire

The country of Georgia became part of the Russian Empire in the 19th century.

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Georgia–Iran relations

Iran and Georgia have had relations for millennia, although official diplomatic relations between the two nations in the 20th century were established on May 15, 1992.

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Georgia–Persia relations

Persia and Georgia have had relations for thousands of years.

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Georgia–Russia relations

The relations between Georgia and Russia date back hundreds of years and remain complicated despite certain religious and historical ties that exist between the two countries and their people.

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Georgian Crown Jewels

The Georgian Crown Jewels were the regalia and vestments worn by the monarchs of Georgia during the coronation ceremony and at other state functions.

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Georgian Orthodox Church

The Georgian Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church (საქართველოს სამოციქულო ავტოკეფალური მართლმადიდებელი ეკლესია, sakartvelos samotsikulo avt’ok’epaluri martlmadidebeli ek’lesia) is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church in full communion with the other churches of Eastern Orthodoxy.

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Germany–Iran relations

German–Iranian relations refer to bilateral relations between Germany and Iran.

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Germi

Germi (گرمي, also Romanized as Germī and Garmī; also known as Garmi Ojarood) is a city in and the capital of Germi County, Ardabil Province, Iran.

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Ghassem Khan Vali, Sardar Homayoun

Ghassem Khan Vali (1878–1933; سردار همايون والی قاسم), otherwise and better known by his military title of Sardar Homayoun, the son of Ali Khan Vali and grandson of was the first Imperial Iranian Army general to graduate from the prestigious Saint-Cyr Military School in France, which was founded by Napoléon in 1802.

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Gheytarieh

Qeytarieh (also spelled Gheytarieh) is a district in north-eastern Tehran, located within the larger Shemiran district.

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Ghilman

Ghilman (singular غُلاَم,Other standardized transliterations: /.. plural غِلْمَان)Other standardized transliterations: /..

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Gholamreza Nikpey

Gholam-Reza Nikpey (غلامرضا نیک‌پی), also Nikpay (1927 – 11 April 1979) was deputy prime minister of Iran and Mayor of Tehran.

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Gholamreza Pahlavi

Shahpur Gholamreza Pahlavi (غلامرضا پهلوی‎; 15 May 1923 – 7 May 2017) was an Iranian prince and a member of the Pahlavi dynasty, as the son of Reza Shah and half-brother of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran.

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Gholhak

Gholhak (also Qolhak) is a neighbourhood in Northern Tehran,a part of Shemiran, located between Zargandeh/Elahiyeh to the west and Ekhtiarieh/Dolat to the east and is served by Shariati St., which in the old times was known as "Shemiran Road" and later with the construction of highways, "Old Shemiran Road".Previously during the Qajar era,it had a rural structure and was considered as a suburb of Tehran.

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Gholhak Garden

Gholhak Garden (alternatively Qolhak Garden or Gulhak Garden) is a British diplomatic compound in the northern Tehran neighborhood of Gholhak in Iran, about 3 miles from the centre of Tehran.

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Gilaks

The Gilaki people or Gilaks (Gilaki: گیلک Gilək) are an Iranian people native to the northern Iran province of Gilan and are one of the main ethnic groups residing in the northern parts of Iran.

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Gilan Province

Gilan Province (اُستان گیلان, Ostān-e Gīlān, also Latinized as Guilan) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Goharshad Mosque

Goharshad Mosque (مسجد گوهرشاد) is a former free standing mosque in Mashhad of the Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, which now serves as one of the prayer halls within the Imam Reza shrine complex.

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Golestan Palace

The Golestan Palace (کاخ گلستان, Kākh-e Golestān) is the former royal Qajar complex in Iran's capital city, Tehran.

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Golshan Garden

Golshan Garden is in the town of Tabas.

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Gorgan

Gorgan (گرگان; formerly Astrabad or Astarabad (استرآباد)) is the capital city of Golestan Province, Iran.

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Goris

Goris (Գորիս) is a town and the centre of the urban community of Goris, in Syunik Province at the south of Armenia.

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Gorjiduz

A Gorjiduz (گورجیدوز) was a leather craftsman who practised the profession known as gorjiduzi; creating leather Georgian-style shoes.

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Government in exile

A government in exile is a political group which claims to be a country or semi-sovereign state's legitimate government, but is unable to exercise legal power and instead resides in another state or foreign country.

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Goygol (city)

Goygol (known as Helenendorf before 1931, Yelenino in 1931–1938, Khanlar in 1938–2008) is a city and municipality and the capital of the Goygol Rayon in northwestern Azerbaijan.

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Greater Caucasus

Greater Caucasus (Böyük Qafqaz, Бөјүк Гафгаз, بيوک قافقاز; დიდი კავკასიონი, Didi K’avk’asioni; Большой Кавказ, Bolshoy Kavkaz, sometimes translated as "Caucasus Major", "Big Caucasus" or "Large Caucasus") is the major mountain range of the Caucasus Mountains.

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Greater Iran

Greater Iran (ایران بزرگ) is a term used to refer to the regions of the Caucasus, West Asia, Central Asia, and parts of South Asia that have significant Iranian cultural influence due to having been either long historically ruled by the various imperial dynasties of Persian Empire (such as those of the Medes, Achaemenids, Parthians, Sassanians, Samanids, Safavids, and Afsharids and the Qajars), having considerable aspects of Persian culture due to extensive contact with the various imperial dynasties of Iran (e.g., those regions and peoples in the North Caucasus that were not under direct Iranian rule), or are simply nowadays still inhabited by a significant amount of Iranic peoples who patronize their respective cultures (as it goes for the western parts of South Asia, Bahrain and Tajikistan).

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Greater Khorasan

Khorasan (Middle Persian: Xwarāsān; خراسان Xorāsān), sometimes called Greater Khorasan, is a historical region lying in northeast of Greater Persia, including part of Central Asia and Afghanistan.

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Greek War of Independence

The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution (Ελληνική Επανάσταση, Elliniki Epanastasi, or also referred to by Greeks in the 19th century as the Αγώνας, Agonas, "Struggle"; Ottoman: يونان عصياني Yunan İsyanı, "Greek Uprising"), was a successful war of independence waged by Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire between 1821 and 1830.

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Grigory Potemkin

Prince Grigory Aleksandrovich Potemkin-Tavricheski (Григо́рий Алекса́ндрович Потёмкин-Таври́ческий; r Grigoriy Aleksandrovich Potyomkin-Tavricheskiy; A number of dates as late as 1742 have been found on record; the veracity of any one is unlikely to be proved. This is his "official" birth-date as given on his tombstone. –) was a Russian military leader, statesman, nobleman and favourite of Catherine the Great.

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Gunpowder magazine

A gunpowder magazine is a magazine (building) designed to store the explosive gunpowder in wooden barrels for safety.

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Gyumri

Gyumri (Գյումրի), is an urban municipal community and the second largest city in Armenia, serving as the administrative centre of Shirak Province in the northwestern part of the country.

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Habibullah Huseynov

Habibullah Huseynov (Габибулла Ейнуллаевич Гусейнов; 10 October 1910 16 April 1945) was an Iranian Azerbaijani Red Army colonel and a posthumous Hero of the Soviet Union.

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Hadi Sabzavari

Hadi Sabzavari (ملا هادی سبزواری) or Hajj Molla Hadi Sabzavari (1797–1873) was a famous Iranian philosopher, mystic theologian and poet.

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Hague Convention on Hospital Ships

The Hague Convention on Hospital Ships is a 1904 multilateral treaty that supplemented the 1899 Hague Convention for the adaptation to Maritime Warfare of the Principles of the Geneva Convention.

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Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907

The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 are a series of international treaties and declarations negotiated at two international peace conferences at The Hague in the Netherlands.

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Haj Aqa Nourollah

Haj Aqa Nourollah (Persian: نورالله نجفی اصفهانی) was a political leader in the Persian Constitutional Revolution.

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Haji Mirza Aqasi

Haji Mirza Aqasi or Aghasi (حاج میرزا آقاسی), sometimes known as Haji-Mollah Abbas Iravani, was Sadr-e Azam (equivalent to Prime Minister) of Qajar Iran between 1835-1848, during the reign of king Mohammad Shah Qajar.

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Hajj Nematollah

Hajj Nematollah (حاجی نعمت‌الله 1871 – February 28, 1920) was an influential mystic and religious leader of the Qajar Empire.

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Hajji Ebrahim Shirazi

Ebrahim Kalantar Shirazi (ابراهیم کلانتر شیرازی), also known as Hajji Ebrahim (حاجی ابراهیم) and E'temad al-Dawla (اعتماد الدوله), was an influential Iranian politician in the Zand and Qajar era.

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Hajji Washington

Hajji Washington (italic) is an Iranian comedy/drama film directed by Ali Hatami.

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Hamid Mirza

Prince Sultan Hamid Mirza Qajar (23 April 1918 – 5 May 1988) was the head and heir presumptive of the Qajar dynasty, the former ruling dynasty of Iran, and the son of the last Qajar Crown Prince of Iran.

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Hamid Reza Pahlavi

Hamid Reza Pahlavi (حمیدرضا پهلوی; 4 July 1932 – 12 July 1992) was Reza Shah's eleventh and last born child, and a half-brother of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last shah of Iran.

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Hariree House

The Dr Hariri house (Persian: خانه دكتر حريري) is related to the ‍‍‍‍Qajar period, and in No.

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Harold Nicolson

Sir Harold George Nicolson (21 November 1886 – 1 May 1968) was a British diplomat, author, diarist and politician.

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Hasan Ali Garrusi

Hasan Ali Garrusi was an Iranian officer, diplomat, and statesman of the Qajar period.

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Hasan Ali Khan Garroosy

Hasan Ali Khan Garroosy (1820–1900), also known as Amīr(-e) Neẓām Garrūsī, was an Iranian diplomat, officer, statesman, and literary figure of the Qajar period.

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Hasan M. Balyuzi

Hasan M. Balyuzi (7 September 1908 – 12 February 1980) was a prominent Iranian member of the Bahá'í Faith.

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Hasan-Ali Beg Bestami

Hasan-Ali Beg Bestami (fl. 18th century) was an important Safavid official, who subsequently became one of the closest associates of Nader Shah (r. 1736–1747), serving as his chief assayer (moʿayyer al-mamālek).

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Hasanabad, Tehran

Hasan Abad (script – حسن آباد), also spelled Hasanabad, is an old and historical area within the Monirie District of Tehran, Iran.

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Hassan Dehqani-Tafti

Hassan Barnaba Dehqani-Tafti (Hassan Barnābā Dehqānī-Taftī; 14 May 1920 in Taft, Iran – 29 April 2008 in Winchester) was the Anglican Bishop of Iran from 1960 until his retirement in 1990.

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Hassan Khan Bayat

Hassan Khan Bayat was the second khan of the Maku Khanate from 1778 to 1822.

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Hassan Modarres

Seyyed Hassan Modarres (سید حسن مدرس c. 1870, Sarabeh, December 1 1937, Kashmar), was an Iranian Twelver Shi'a cleric and a notable supporter of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution.

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Hassan Pakravan

Hassan Pakravan (4 August 1911 – 11 April 1979) was a well-known diplomat and minister in the Pahlavi pre-revolutionary government of Iran.

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Hassan Pirnia

Hassan Pirnia (حسن پیرنیا ‎; 1872–1935) was a prominent Iranian politician of 20th-century Iran.

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Hassan Taqizadeh

Sayyed Hasan Taqizādeh (سید حسن تقی‌زاده; September 27, 1878 in Tabriz, Iran – January 28, 1970 in Tehran, Iran) was an influential Iranian politician and diplomat, of Azeri origin, during the Qajar dynasty under the reign of Mohammad Ali Shah, as well as the Pahlavi dynasty under the reign of Reza Shah and Mohammad Reza Shah.

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Hatef Esfahani

Seyyed Ahmad Hatef Esfahani (سید احمد هاتف اصفهانی) (also spelled as Hatif Isfahani) is a famous Iranian poet of the 18th century.

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Haydar Khan Amo-oghli

Haydar Khan Amo-oghli or Haydar Khan Amu ogly Tariverdiev (حیدرخان عمواوغلی تاریوردی; حیدرخان عمواوغلی تاریوردی — Heydər Xan Əmioğlu Tarverdiyev; December 20, 1880 – October 15, 1921) was a leftist revolutionary during the Iranian Constitutional Revolution and among the founders of the Communist Party of Persia.

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Hedayat-Allah Khan

Hedayat-Allah Khan (هدایت‌الله کهن) was a Gilaki prince, who was the semi-independent ruler of Gilan from 1753 to 1782.

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Heinrich Menu von Minutoli

Heinrich Menu (from 1820 Freiherr) von Minutoli (12 May 1772, Geneva – 16 September 1846, Lausanne) was a Prussian Generalmajor, explorer and archaeologist.

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Hekmat

Hekmat (حكمت –"Wisdom") was the first Persian-language newspaper published in Egypt, and the first Persian journal published in an Arab country.

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Henry Martyn

Henry Martyn (18 February 1781 – 16 October 1812) was an Anglican priest and missionary to the peoples of India and Persia.

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Heraclius II of Georgia

Heraclius II (ერეკლე II), also known as Erekle II and The Little Kakhetian (პატარა კახი) (7 November 1720 or 7 October 1721 – 11 January 1798), was a Georgian monarch of the Bagrationi dynasty, reigning as the king of Kakheti from 1744 to 1762, and of Kartli and Kakheti from 1762 until 1798.

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Herat Province

Herat (persian/Dari: هرات) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan, located in the western part of the country.

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Heshmat Taleqani

Dr.

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Hijab by country

The word hijab refers to both the head-covering traditionally worn by some Muslim women and Islamic styles of dress in general.

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History of Armenia

Armenia lies in the highlands surrounding the Biblical mountains of Ararat.

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History of Artsakh

Artsakh is located in the southern part of the Lesser Caucasus range, at the eastern edge of the Armenian Highlands, encompassing the highland part of the wider geographical region known as Karabakh.

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History of Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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History of Bahrain

Bahrain was the central location of the ancient Dilmun civilization.

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History of Baku

Baku is the capital of Azerbaijan Republic, which was also the capital of Shirvan (during the reigns of Akhsitan I and Khalilullah I), Baku khanate, Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Azerbaijan SSR and the administrative center of Russian Baku governorate.

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History of Balochistan

The history of Balochistan began in 650 BCE with vague allusions to the region in Greek historical records.

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History of Chechnya

The history of Chechnya may refer to the history of the Chechens, of their land Chechnya, or of the land of Ichkeria.

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History of Dagestan

Historically, Dagestan (Caucasian Albania) consisted of a federation of mountainous principalities in the eastern part of the North Caucasus.

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History of Georgia (country)

The nation of Georgia (საქართველო sakartvelo) was first unified as a kingdom under the Bagrationi dynasty by the King Bagrat III of Georgia in the 8th to 9th century, arising from a number of predecessor states of the ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Iberia.

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History of Gilan

Gīlān is an Iranian province at the southwestern coast of the Caspian Sea.

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History of Iran

The history of Iran, commonly also known as Persia in the Western world, is intertwined with the history of a larger region, also to an extent known as Greater Iran, comprising the area from Anatolia, the Bosphorus, and Egypt in the west to the borders of Ancient India and the Syr Darya in the east, and from the Caucasus and the Eurasian Steppe in the north to the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the south.

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History of Islam

The history of Islam concerns the political, social,economic and cultural developments of the Islamic civilization.

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History of Khuzestan Province

The history of Khuzestan Province, a province in southwestern Iran, extends from the ancient pre-Aryan Elamite civilization to the modern day Islamic Republic.

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History of liberalism

Liberalism, the belief in freedom and human rights, is historically associated with thinkers such as John Locke and Montesquieu.

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History of modern literature

The history of literature in the Modern period in Europe begins with the Age of Enlightenment and the conclusion of the Baroque period in the 18th century, succeeding the Renaissance and Early Modern periods.

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History of Nizari Ismailism

The History of Nizari Isma'ilism from the founding of Islam covers a period of over 1400 years.

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History of Persian domes

Persian domes or Iranian domes have an ancient origin and a history extending to the modern era.

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History of Russia

The History of Russia begins with that of the East Slavs.

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History of Russia (1796–1855)

In Russian history, the period from 1796 to 1855 (covering the reigns of Paul I, Alexander I and Nicholas I) saw the Napoleonic wars, Government reform, political reorganization and economic growth.

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History of Shiraz

The city of Shiraz, Iran is more than 4000 years old.

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History of Tbilisi

The history of Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia, dates back to at least the 5th century AD.

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History of the Bahá'í Faith

Bahá'í history is often traced through a sequence of leaders, beginning with the Báb's declaration in Shiraz on the evening of May 22, 1844, and ultimately resting on an Administrative Order established by the central figures of the religion.

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History of the Caucasus

The history of the Caucasus region may be divided into the history of the Northern Caucasus (Ciscaucasia), historically in the sphere of influence of Scythia and of Southern Russia (Eastern Europe), and that of the Southern Caucasus (Transcaucasia; Caucasian Albania, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan) in the sphere of influence of Persia, Anatolia and for a very brief time Assyria.

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History of the Kurds

The Kurds (Kurdish: کورد, Kurd), also the Kurdish people (Kurdish: گەلی کورد, Gelê Kurd), are a Northwestern Iranic ethnic group in the Middle East.

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History of the Russo-Turkish wars

The Russo–Turkish wars (or Ottoman–Russian wars) were a series of wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 20th centuries.

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History of the University of Tehran

The history of the University of Tehran goes back to the days of Dar ul-Funun and the Qajar dynasty.

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History of the world

The history of the world is the history of humanity (or human history), as determined from archaeology, anthropology, genetics, linguistics, and other disciplines; and, for periods since the invention of writing, from recorded history and from secondary sources and studies.

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Homa Nategh

Homa Nategh (1935 – 1 January 2016) was an Iranian historian, Professor of History at Tehran University.

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Honors music

The honors music for a person, office or rank is music played on formal or ceremonial occasions in the presence of the person, office-holder, or rank-holder, especially by a military band.

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Hormozgan Province

Hormozgan Province (استان هرمزگان, Ostān-e Hormozgān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Hosayn Qoli Donboli

Hosayn Qoli Donboli was the fourth khan of the Khoy Khanate from 1797 to 1813.

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Hossein Ala'

Hosein Alā (حسین علاء; December 13, 1881 in Tehran – July 12, 1964 in Tehran) was Prime Minister of Iran in 1951 and from 1955 to 1957.

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Hossein Khan Sardar

Hossein Qoli Khan Sardar Qajar (حسین قلی خان سردار قاجار), better simply known as Hossein Khan Sardar (حسین خان سردار) was an Iranian statesman in Qajar Iran, who was the last governor of the Erivan Khanate from 1807 to 1828.

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Hossein Sami'i

Mirza Hossein Khan Sami'i (حسین سمیعی) also known by his court title of Adib al Saltaneh(ادیب السلطنه) (1876 - 5 February 1954) was an Iranian writer, poet, diplomat and politician who had shifted in many positions in both Qajar and Pahlavi governments.

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House of Sarkar

House of Sarkar was ruling clan of Shirvan Khanate from Khanchobany tribe.

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House of Seghat-ol-Eslam

House of Seghat-ol -Eslam is a historical house in Tabriz, Iran, now a museum dedicated to Seqat-ol-Eslam Tabrizi who was a local reformist of the Qajar era.

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Howard Baskerville

Howard Conklin Baskerville (10 April 1885 – 19 April 1909) was an American teacher in the American Memorial School in Tabriz (a Presbyterian mission school in Tabriz, Iran) who was killed fighting for Iranian democracy during the Persian Constitutional Revolution.

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Hrazdan

Hrazdan (Հրազդան), is a town and urban municipal community in Armenia serving as the administrative centre of Kotayk Province, located northeast of the capital Yerevan.

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Hugh Adcock (physician)

Sir Hugh Adcock, CMG (1847 - 13 April 1920)ADCOCK, Sir Hugh’, Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2015 was a British medical doctor and diplomat.

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Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski

Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski, or Nakhichevansky, francised spelling: Hussein Nahitchevansky (Hüseyn xan Naxçıvanski; Гусейн-хан Нахичеванский or Хан-Гуссейн Нахичеванский) (28 July 1863 in Nakhchivan City – January 1919 in St. Petersburg), was a Russian Cavalry General of Azerbaijani origin.

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Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca

Hussein ibn Ali al-Hashimi (الحسين بن علي الهاشمي, al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī al-Hāshimī; 1853/18544 June 1931) was a Hashemite Arab leader who was the Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1908 and, after proclaiming the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire, King of the Hejaz from 1916 to 1924.

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Ibrahim Khalil Khan

Ibrahim Khalil khan Javanshir (1732–1806) was the Azeri Turkic khan of Karabakh from the Javanshir family, who succeeded his father Panah-Ali khan Javanshir as the ruler of Karabakh khanate.

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Ijevan

Ijevan (Իջևան), is a town and urban municipal community in Armenia serving as the administrative centre of Tavush Province.

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Ilam Province

Ilam Province (استان ایلام) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Imam Ali Mosque

The Imam 'Ali Holy Shrine (Ḥaram al-Imām ‘Alī), also known as the Mosque of 'Ali (Masjid ‘Alī), located in Najaf, Iraq, is the Holy site for Shia Muslims.

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Imam Reza shrine

The Imam Reza shrine (حرم امام رضا) in Mashhad, Iran is a complex which contains the mausoleum of Imam Reza, the eighth Imam of Twelver Shiites.

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Imamzadeh Hamzah, Tabriz

Imāmzādeh Hamzah (امامزاده سيد حمزه) is an Imamzadeh mosque complex in Tabrīz, Iran.

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Imamzadeh Ja'far, Borujerd

Imāmzādeh Ja‘far (امامزاده جعفر بروجرد) is a historical mausoleum in Borujerd, western Iran.

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Imamzadeh Saleh, Shemiran

Imamzadeh Saleh (Imāmzādeh Ṣāleh) is one of many imamzadeh mosques in Iran.

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Imperial crown

An Imperial Crown is a crown used for the coronation of emperors.

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Imperial Russian Army

The Imperial Russian Army (Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия) was the land armed force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917.

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Index of Azerbaijan-related articles

Articles (arranged alphabetically) related to the Azerbaijan Republic include.

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Index of Islam-related articles

This is an alphabetical list of topics related to Islam, the history of Islam, Islamic culture, and the present-day Muslim world, intended to provide inspiration for the creation of new articles and categories.

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Indian classical music

Indian classical music is a genre of South Asian music.

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Indian March of Paul

The Indian March of Paul was a secret project of a planned allied Russo-French expedition against the British dominions in India.

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International Gendarmerie

The International Gendarmerie was the first law enforcement agency of the Principality of Albania.

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Iraj Eskandari

Iraj Eskandari (ایرج اسکندری; 1907–1985) was an Iranian communist politician.

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Iraj Mirza

Prince Iraj Mirza (ایرج میرزا, literally Prince Iraj; October 1874 – 14 March 1926) (titled Jalāl-ol-Mamālek, جلال‌الممالک), son of prince Gholam-Hossein Mirza, was a famous Iranian poet.

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Irakli Gruzinsky

Irakli Gruzinsky (ირაკლი გრუზინსკი; Ираклий Александрович Грузинский, Irakly Aleksandrovich Gruzinsky; 18 August 1826 – 27 April 1882) was a Georgian prince of Armenian descent who was a member of the House of Bagrationi and a colonel in the Russian Imperial army.

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Iran

Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).

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Iran (word)

The modern Persian name of Iran (ایران) derives immediately from 3rd-century Sassanian Middle Persian (Pahlavi spelling: ʼyrʼn), where it initially meant "of the Iranians", but soon also acquired a geographical connotation in the sense of "(lands inhabited by) Iranians".

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Iran at the 1900 Summer Olympics

One fencer of Persian nationality competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, thereby making him the first Olympic competitor for Persia (Iran), and the only one to compete in the Qajar dynasty.

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Iran Bethel School

Iran Bethel School (1874 ~ 1968) was established as an American missionary organization for women in Tehran in 1874.

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Iran hostage crisis

The Iran hostage crisis was a diplomatic standoff between Iran and the United States of America.

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Iran–Poland relations

Iran–Poland relations is historical and bilateral relationship between Iran and Poland.

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Iran–Russia relations

Relations between the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Persian Empire (Iran), officially commenced in 1521, with the Safavids in power.

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Iran–Turkey relations

The relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Turkey have been generally peaceful since the establishment of the modern states, but sometimes have also been strained.

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Iran–United Kingdom relations

Iran–United Kingdom relations are the bilateral relations between the countries of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Irandokht

Irandokht was the first child of Ahmad Shah Qajar and Badr al-Molouk.

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Irani (India)

The Irani are an ethno-religious community in South Asia; they belong to the Zoroastrians who emigrated from Iran to South Asia in the 19th and 20th centuries.

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Iranian architecture

Iranian architecture or Persian architecture (Persian:مهرازى ایرانی) is the architecture of Iran and parts of the rest of West Asia, the Caucasus and Central Asia.

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Iranian Armenia (1502–1828)

Iranian Armenia (1502–1828) refers to the period of Eastern Armenia during the early-modern and late-modern era when it was part of the various Iranian empires, up to 1828.

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Iranian Armenians

Iranian-Armenians (իրանահայեր iranahayer) also known as Persian-Armenians (պարսկահայեր parskahayer), are Iranians of Armenian ethnicity who may speak Armenian as their first language.

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Iranian Azerbaijanis

Iranian Azerbaijanis (ایران آذربایجانلیلاری – İran azərbaycanlıları), also known as Iranian Azeris, Iranian Turks, Persian Turks, Azeri Turks, Azerbaijani Turks or Persian Azerbaijanis, are Iranians of Azerbaijani ethnicity who speak the Azerbaijani language as their first language.

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Iranian Constitutional Revolution

The Persian Constitutional Revolution (مشروطیت Mashrūtiyyat, or انقلاب مشروطه Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911.

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Iranian Gendarmerie

The Iranian Gendarmerie also called the Government Gendarmerie (ژاندارمری دولتی Žāndārmirī-ye Daulatī), was the first modern highway patrol and rural police force in Iran.

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Iranian Georgians

Iranian Georgians (ირანის ქართველები; گرجی‌های ایران) are Iranian citizens who are ethnically Georgian, and are an ethnic group living in Iran.

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Iranian Kurdistan

Iranian Kurdistan, or Eastern Kurdistan (Kurdish: Rojhilatê Kurdistanê), is an unofficial name for the parts of northwestern Iran inhabited by Kurds which borders Iraq and Turkey.

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Iranian leather industry

Iran’s modern leather industry (صنعت چرم ایران) began at the start of the twentieth century.

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Iranian monarchy

Iranian monarchy may refer to.

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Iranian nationalism

Iranian nationalism refers to nationalism among the people of Iran and individuals whose national identity is Iranian.

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Iranian pop music

Iranian pop music refers to pop music originated in Iran, with songs mainly in Persian and other regional languages of the country.

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Iranian Revolution

The Iranian Revolution (Enqelāb-e Iran; also known as the Islamic Revolution or the 1979 Revolution), Iran Chamber.

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Iranian rial

The Iranian rial (ریال ایران Riâl Irân; ISO 4217 code IRR) is the currency of Iran.

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Iranian toman

The Iranian toman (fa, pronounced; from Mongolian tümen "unit of ten thousand", see Tumen (unit)) is a superunit of the official currency of Iran, the rial.

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Iranians in Russia

Iranians in Russia (ایرانیان روسیه; Иранцы в России) are Iranians in the Russian Federation, and are Russian citizens or permanent residents of (partial) Iranian national background.

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Iravani (surname)

Iravani (lit. "from Iravan", aka, Yerevan) is a common surname in Iran, Azerbaijan and to a much lesser extent in the rest of the Caucasus.

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Irredentism

Irredentism is any political or popular movement that seeks to reclaim and reoccupy a land that the movement's members consider to be a "lost" (or "unredeemed") territory from their nation's past.

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Isfahan

Isfahan (Esfahān), historically also rendered in English as Ispahan, Sepahan, Esfahan or Hispahan, is the capital of Isfahan Province in Iran, located about south of Tehran.

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Isfahani style

The "Esfahani" or "Isfahani style" (شیوه معماری اصفهانی) is a style (sabk) of architecture when categorizing Iranian architecture development in history.

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Islam in Armenia

Islam began to make inroads into the Armenian Plateau during the seventh century.

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Islam in Azerbaijan

Over 96.9% of the population of Azerbaijan is nominally Muslim.

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Islam in Georgia (country)

Islam in Georgia was introduced in 654 when an army sent by the Third Caliph of Islam, Uthman, conquered Eastern Georgia and established Muslim rule in Tbilisi.

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Islam in Russia

Islam is the second most widely professed religion in Russia, encompassing somewhere between 7% and 15% of all Russians.

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Islam in the United States

Islam is the third largest religion in the United States after Christianity and Judaism.

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Islamic architecture

Islamic architecture encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the early history of Islam to the present day.

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Islamic art

Islamic art encompasses the visual arts produced from the 7th century onward by people who lived within the territory that was inhabited by or ruled by culturally Islamic populations.

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Islamic culture

Islamic culture is a term primarily used in secular academia to describe the cultural practices common to historically Islamic people -- i.e., the culture of the Islamicate.

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Islamic dynasties of Iran

This is a list of kings of Iran of the medieval Islamic period, AD 820 to 1432, arranged genealogically.

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Islamic glass

The influence of the Islamic world to the history of glass is reflected by its distribution around the world, from Europe to China, and from Russia to East Africa.

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Isma'ilism

Ismāʿīlism (الإسماعيلية al-Ismāʿīliyya; اسماعیلیان; اسماعيلي; Esmāʿīliyān) is a branch of Shia Islam.

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Ismail I

Ismail I (Esmāʿīl,; July 17, 1487 – May 23, 1524), also known as Shah Ismail I (شاه اسماعیل), was the founder of the Safavid dynasty, ruling from 1501 to 23 May 1524 as Shah of Iran (Persia).

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Ispahsalar

Ispahsālār (اسپهسالار) or sipahsālār (سپهسالار; "army commander"), in Arabic rendered as isfahsalār (إسفهسلار) or iṣbahsalār (إصبهسلار), was a title used in much of the Islamic world during the 10th–15th centuries, to denote the senior-most military commanders but also as a generic general officer rank.

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Ivan Paskevich

Prince (1831) Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich (Ива́н Фёдорович Паске́вич; &ndash) was an imperial Russian military leader.

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Izadkhast

Izadkhvast (ايزدخواست, also Romanized as Īzadkhvāst and Īzad Khvast; also known as Īzad Khast, Yazd-e Khāst, Yazd-e Khvāst, and Yezd-i-Khast; also known as Samīrum) is a city in the Central District of Abadeh County, Fars Province, Iran.

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Izydor Borowski

Izydor Borowski (1770 – 24 June 1838; translit), also spelled Isidor Borowski, was a general in Qajar Iran of Polish origin.

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Ja'far Pishevari

Sayyed Ja'far Pishevari (1893 – 11 June 1947) (Seyid Cəfər Pişəvəri, سید جعفر پیشه وری, سید جعفر پیشه‌وری) was the founder and chairman of separatist and communist Azerbaijan People's Government (November 1945 – November 1946), created and supported by Soviet occupational forces in north-western Iran.

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Jacques de Morgan

Jean-Jacques de Morgan (3 June 1857, Huisseau-sur-Cosson, Loir-et-Cher – 14 June 1924) was a French mining engineer, geologist, and archaeologist.

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Jafar Khan

Jafar Khan Zand, (جعفر خان زند) was the seventh shah (king) of the Zand dynasty from 1785 to 1789.

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Jafar Qoli Khan Donboli

Jafarqulu Khan Donboli was the third khan of the Tabriz Khanate from 1786 to 1802 and also third khan of the Khoy Khanate from 1786 to 1797.

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Jalil Ziapour

Jalil Ziapour (جلیل ضیاءپور; also Romanized as Jalīl Z̤iyāʼpūr) was an Iranian painter, academic member, Researcher and writer mentioned as "the father of modern Iranian painting".

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Jameh Mosque of Amol

The Jāmeh Mosque of Amol (مسجد جامع آمل – Masjid-e-Jāmeh Amol) is the grand, congregational mosque (Jāmeh) of Amol, Mazandaran Province, Iran.

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Jameh Mosque of Zanjan

The Jāmeh Mosque of Zanjān (مسجد جامع زنجان – Masjid-e-Jāmeh Zanjān) also known as, Seyyed Mosque (مسجد سید., Masjid-e-Seyyed) and Sultani Mosque, is the grand, congregational mosque (Jāmeh) of Zanjān city, Iran.

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James Aratoon Malcolm

James Aratoon Malcolm, born 1868, was a British-Iranian Armenian financier, arms dealer and journalist.

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James Justinian Morier

James Justinian Morier (1780 – 19 March 1849) was a British diplomat and author noted for his novels about the Qajar dynasty in Iran, most famously for the Hajji Baba series.

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Jamshid Behnam

Jamshid Behnam (born 1928) is an Iranian sociologist, writer, and translator.

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Jamshidieh Park

Jamshidieh Park (or Jamshidieh Stone Garden), is a park located in the neighbourhood of Niavaran at the base of Kolakchal mountain.

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Janab

Janab (جناب) is a rank title in Persian, which may be rendered as Excellency.

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Janissaries

The Janissaries (يڭيچرى, meaning "new soldier") were elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman Sultan's household troops, bodyguards and the first modern standing army in Europe.

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Javad Khan

Jafar al-Javad Khan Ziyad oghlu Qajar (c. 1748 – 1804) was a member of the Qajar dynasty, and the last khan of the Ganja khanate from 1786 to 1804.

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Javad Khanate

Javad Khanate was a khanate in the territory of modern Azerbaijan with its capital in the town of Javad.

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Javad Sa'd al-Dowleh

Javad Sa'd al-Dowleh (جواد سعدالدوله ‎;1856 in Khoy– February 3, 1930 in Tehran), was Prime Minister of Qajar era Iran.

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Javanshir clan

The Javanshirs--> (Cavanşirlər; جوانشیران – Javānširān) were a Turkic clan in Karabakh, who belonged to the Afshar tribe and were in turn a branch of the Oghuz Turks.

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Jizya

Jizya or jizyah (جزية; جزيه) is a per capita yearly tax historically levied on non-Muslim subjects, called the dhimma, permanently residing in Muslim lands governed by Islamic law.

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Joshekan

Joshekan was a small province of Qajar dynasty Persia covering about.

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Juan Cole

John Ricardo I. "Juan" Cole (born October 23, 1952) is an American academic and commentator on the modern Middle East and South Asia.

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Jules Laurens

Jules Joseph Augustin Laurens, commonly known as Jules Laurens, (26 July 1825, Carpentras - 5 May 1901, Saint-Didier, Vaucluse) was a French artist in drawing, painting, and lithography who is remembered above all for his Oriental works.

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Julfa, Azerbaijan (city)

Julfa (Culfa, Ҹулфа, جولفا), formerly Jugha (Ջուղա, sometimes transliterated as Djugha) and also rendered as Djulfa, Dzhul’fa, Jolfa, Dzhulfa, Džulfa, Jolfā, Jolfā-ye Nakhjavān (جلفای نخجوان), is the administrative capital of the Julfa Rayon administrative region of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic in Azerbaijan.

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July 1909

The following events occurred in July 1909.

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Juma Mosque, Shamakhi

Juma Mosque of Shamakhi or Friday Mosque of Shamakhi (Şamaxı Cümə Məscidi) is a mosque in the city of Shamakhi, Azerbaijan.

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June 1909

The following events occurred in June 1909.

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Jungle Movement of Gilan

The Jangal (Jungle) Movement, in Gilan, was a rebellion against the monarchist rule of the Qajar central government of Iran.

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Kajaran

Kajaran (Քաջարան), is a town and the centre of the urban community of Kajaran, in Syunik Province at the south of Armenia.

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Kakheti

Kakheti (კახეთი) is a region (Georgian: Mkhare) formed in the 1990s in eastern Georgia from the historical province of Kakheti and the small, mountainous province of Tusheti.

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Kamancheh

The kamancheh (also kamānche or kamāncha) (کمانچه) is an Iranian bowed string instrument, used also in Armenian, Azerbaijani, Turkish and Kurdish music and related to the rebab, the historical ancestor of the kamancheh and also to the bowed Byzantine lyra, ancestor of the European violin family.

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Kamran Mirza Nayeb es-Saltaneh

Kamran Mirza (کامران ميرزا; July 22, 1856 – April 15, 1929) was the Persian Prince of Qajar Dynasty and third surviving son of Nasser al-Din Shah.

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Kapan

Kapan (Կապան), is a town at the southeast of Armenia, serving as the administrative centre of the urban community of Kapan as well as the provincial capital of Syunik Province.

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Karabakh

Karabakh (Ղարաբաղ Gharabagh; Qarabağ) is a geographic region in present-day eastern Armenia and southwestern Azerbaijan, extending from the highlands of the Lesser Caucasus down to the lowlands between the rivers Kura and Aras.

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Karabakh Khanate

The Karabakh Khanate (خانات قره‌باغ – Xānāt e Qarebāq, Qarabağ xanlığı) was a semi-independent Turkic khanate on the territories of modern-day Armenia and Azerbaijan established in about 1748 under Iranian suzerainty in Karabakh and adjacent areas.

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Karaite Judaism

Karaite Judaism or Karaism (also spelt Qaraite Judaism or Qaraism) is a Jewish religious movement characterized by the recognition of the Tanakh alone as its supreme authority in Halakha (Jewish religious law) and theology.

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Karaj

Karaj (کرج) is the capital of Alborz Province, Iran, and effectively a suburb of Tehran.

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Karim bey Mehmandarov

Karim bey (Abdulkarim) Mustafa bey Mehmandarov (Kərim bəy (Əbdülkərim) Mustafa bəy oğlu Mehmandarov, 2 December 1854, Shusha–20 December 1929, Shusha) was an Azerbaijani physician, M.D. of Medical-Surgical Academy, one of the first Azerbaijanis who have graduated from the Medico-Surgical Academy in St.

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Karim Khan Zand

Mohammad Karim Khan Zand (Mohammad Karīm Khān-e Zand), better known as Karim Khan Zand (کریم خان زند), was the founder of the Zand Dynasty and the Shah of Iran, ruling from 1751 to 1779.

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Kars

Kars (Armenian: Կարս, less commonly known as Ղարս Ghars) is a city in northeast Turkey and the capital of Kars Province.

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Kartli

Kartli (ქართლი) is a historical region in central-to-eastern Georgia traversed by the river Mtkvari (Kura), on which Georgia's capital, Tbilisi, is situated.

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Kashan

Kashan (کاشان, also Romanized as: Kāshān) is a city in Isfahan province, Iran.

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Kashan County

Kashan County (شهرستان کاشان) is a county in Isfahan Province in Iran.

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Keikhosrow Shahrokh

Keikhosrow Shahrokh (کیخسرو شاهرخ) (1864 in Kerman, Iran – 1939) was the mastermind and designer of the mausoleum for Persian poet Ferdowsi at his burial site in the city of Tus.

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Kerman

Kerman (كرمان, also Romanized as Kermān, Kermun, and Kirman; also known as Carmania) is the capital city of Kerman Province, Iran.

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Kermanshah

Kermanshah (کرمانشاه, کرماشان, Kirmashan; Kermānshāh; also known as Bākhtarān or Kermānshāhān), the capital of Kermanshah Province, is located from Tehran in the western part of Iran.

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Kermanshah Province

Kermanshah Province (استان كرمانشاه, Ostān-e Kermanšah) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Ketevan Andronikashvili

Ketevan Andronikashvili (ქეთევან ანდრონიკაშვილი; 1754 – 3 June 1782) was a Georgian noblewoman and the first wife of the future king George XII of Georgia.

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Khachatur Abovian

Khachatur Abovian (or Abovyan; Խաչատուր Աբովյան; (disappeared)) was an Armenian writer and national public figure of the early 19th century who mysteriously vanished in 1848 and was eventually presumed dead.

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Khagan

Khagan or Qaghan (Old Turkic: kaɣan; хаан, khaan) is a title of imperial rank in the Turkic and Mongolian languages equal to the status of emperor and someone who rules a khaganate (empire).

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Khan (title)

Khan خان/khan; is a title for a sovereign or a military ruler, used by Mongolians living to the north of China. Khan has equivalent meanings such as "commander", "leader", or "ruler", "king" and "chief". khans exist in South Asia, Middle East, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, East Africa and Turkey. The female alternatives are Khatun and Khanum. These titles or names are sometimes written as Khan/خان in Persian, Han, Kan, Hakan, Hanum, or Hatun (in Turkey) and as "xan", "xanım" (in Azerbaijan), and medieval Turkic tribes.

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Khan's Garden

Khan's Garden is a garden and resting corner located in Ganja, Azerbaijan.

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Khanate

A Khanate or Khaganate is a political entity ruled by a Khan or Khagan.

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Khanates of the Caucasus

The Khanates of the Caucasus, or Azerbaijani khanates or Persian khanates, or Iranian khanates, were various provinces and principalities established by Persia (Iran) on their territories in the Caucasus (modern-day Azerbaijan Republic, Armenia, Georgia and Dagestan) from the late Safavid to the Qajar dynasty.

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Khayyam Street

Khayyam Street is a street located in District 12 of the city of Tehran, Iran.

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Khazeni family

The Khazeni family (خازنی), Khazeni-Rad and Khazenifar family was a prominent Iranian industrial and mercantile family, active in Iran from the Qajar dynasty.

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Kho'ini dialect

Kho'ini (alternatives: Xoini, Xo'ini, Khoeini, or Di) is a Tatic dialect or language spoken in northwestern Iran, and is one of many Western Iranian languages.

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Khodadad Mirza Farman Farmaian

Khodadad Mirza Farman Farmaian (8 May 1928 – 16 December 2015) was the son of the Qajar Persian nobleman Abdol Hossein Mirza Farmanfarma and his wife Hamdam Khanoum.

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Khosrow Jahanbani

Khosrow Jahanbani (27 February 1941 – 16 April 2014) was the son of Iranian general Amanullah Jahanbani and second husband of Princess Shahnaz Pahlavi.

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Khosrow Khan Gorji

Andre Ghaytmazeants, better known as Khosrow Khan Gorji (b. Tbilisi, 1785/6 – d. Tehran, 1857), was a eunuch of Armenian origin, who became an influential figure in Qajar Iran.

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Khosrow Mirza

Prince Khosrow Mirza (1811–1883), Persian Prince of Qajar Dynasty, was the 7th son of Abbas Mirza and brother of Djahangir Mirza.

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Khosrowabad Castle

Castle of Khosrow abad is an ancient castle built in Qajar era.

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Khoy County

Khoy County (Xoy bölgəsiشهرستان خوی) is a county in West Azerbaijan Province in Iran.

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Khoy Khanate

Khoy Khanate was an Iranian khanate (e.g. principality) in the province of Azerbaijan.

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Khozan mosque

The Khozan mosque is a historical mosque in the Khomeyni Shahr County of the Isfahan Province.

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Khudat

Khudat (also, Xudat and Khudaf) is a town in the Caspian lowlands located in the northern section of Azerbaijan.

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Khuzestan Province

Khuzestan Province (استان خوزستان Ostān-e Khūzestān, محافظة خوزستان Muḥāfaẓa Khūzistān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Kiani Crown

The Kiani Crown was the traditional coronation crown in the Iranian Crown Jewels which was used during the Qajar dynasty (1796–1925).

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Kingdom of Kartli

The Kingdom of Kartli (ქართლის სამეფო) was a feudal Georgian state that existed from 1466/84 to 1762, with the city of Tbilisi as its capital.

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Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti

The Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (ქართლ-კახეთის სამეფო) (1762–1801) was created in 1762 by the unification of two eastern Georgian kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti.

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Kotayk Province

Kotayk (Կոտայք), is a province (marz) of Armenia.

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Kurdish nationalism

Kurdish nationalism (Kurdish: Kurdayetî, کوردایەتی) holds that the Kurdish people are deserving of a sovereign nation that would be partitioned out of areas in Turkey, northern Iraq, and Syria based on the promised nation of Kurdistan under the Treaty of Sèvres.

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Kurdish separatism in Iran

Kurdish separatism in Iran or the Kurdish–Iranian conflict is an ongoing, long running, separatist dispute between the Kurdish opposition in Western Iran and the governments of Iran, lasting since the emergence of Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1918.

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Kurdistan Province

Kurdistan Province (استان کردستان, Ostān-e Kordestān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Kurds

The Kurds (rtl, Kurd) or the Kurdish people (rtl, Gelî kurd), are an ethnic group in the Middle East, mostly inhabiting a contiguous area spanning adjacent parts of southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan), northern Iraq (Southern Kurdistan), and northern Syria (Western Kurdistan).

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Kurds in Russia

Kurds in Russia form a historically significant part of the Kurdish diaspora, with close ties to the Kurdish communities in the Caucasus and Central Asia.

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Kvachi Kvachantiradze

Kvachi Kvachantiradze (კვაჭი კვაჭანტირაძე) is a novel written by Mikheil Javakhishvili in 1924.

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Lankaran

Lankaran (Lənkəran) is a city in Azerbaijan, on the coast of the Caspian Sea, near the southern border with Iran.

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Lavasan

Lavasan (لواسان, also Romanized as Lavāsān) is an affluent town in Shemiranat County, Tehran Province, Iran.

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Lavasani

Lavasani is one of Iran's oldest and most famous families who lives in Tehran.

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Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran

The Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran or Disciplinary Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran (نیروی انتظامی جمهوری اسلامی ایران Nīrū-ye entezāmī-ye jomhūrī-ye eslāmī-ye Īrān), abbreviated as NAJA (ناجا) is the uniformed police force in Iran.

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Layli (Lurish doll)

Layli, or Leyli (Lurish.

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Leopold II of Belgium

Leopold II (9 April 183517 December 1909) reigned as the second King of the Belgians from 1865 to 1909 and became known for the founding and exploitation of the Congo Free State as a private venture.

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LGBT history in Iran

This article covers the LGBT history of Iran.

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Line of succession to the former Iranian throne

The Iranian Monarchy was overthrown following the Islamic Revolution in 1979 with the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi going into exile.

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Lion and Sun

The Lion and Sun (شیر و خورشید, Shir o Khorshid) is one of the main emblems of Iran (Persia), and formerly was an element in Iran's national flag.

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List of ab anbars of Qazvin

Qazvin is known to have had close to, or in excess of 100 drinking water reservoirs called ab anbars before modernization in the 20th century.

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List of alumni of Institut Le Rosey

This list of notable Roseans is composed of former students of Institut Le Rosey, an international boarding school located in Rolle and Gstaad, Switzerland.

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List of Armenian churches in Iran

This is a list of Armenian churches in Iran.

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List of Azerbaijanis

Azerbaijanis or Azeris (Azərbaycanlılar آذربایجانلیلار, Azərilər آذری لر) are a Turkic-Slavic people.

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List of British Azerbaijanis

This is a list of notable British Azerbaijani people.

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List of British Iranians

This is a list of notable British Iranians.

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List of countries by GDP (PPP) in the nineteenth century

These are lists of countries in the nineteenth century by their estimated real gross domestic product (GDP) in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP), the value of all final goods and services produced within a country/region in a given year.

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List of countries by population in 1900

This is a list of countries by population in 1900.

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List of current pretenders

A pretender is an aspirant or claimant to a monarchy that either has been abolished or suspended, or is occupied by another.

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List of empires

This is an alphabetical list of empires.

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List of English words of Turkic origin

This is a list of words that have entered into the English language from the Turkic languages.

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List of former national capitals

Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist, the capital was moved, or the capital city was renamed.

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List of former transcontinental countries

This is a list of transcontinental former countries, i.e. countries which covered land on two or more continents, including islands associated with a continent other than the one where the country was based.

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List of Georgians

This is a list of notable Georgians.

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List of haplogroups of historic people

This is a list of haplogroups of historic people.

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List of Harvard University people

The list of Harvard University people includes notable graduates, professors, and administrators affiliated with Harvard University.

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List of heads of state of Iran

This article lists the heads of state of Iran since establishment of the Iran's modern Nation-State on 1501 AD.

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List of historical structures in Isfahan Province

This is a list of historical structures in Isfahan Province, Iran.

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List of Iran-related topics

This is a list of topics related to Iran (Persia) and Persian culture.

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List of Iranian dynasties and countries

The following is an incomplete list of historical dynasties which were at some time Iranian or the country they ruled were Iranian-speaking and of modern countries with significant Iranian populations or with an official Iranian language.

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List of Iranian titles and ranks

The following is a list of various titles associated with religion, politics, nobility, or the military, as used by various Iranian peoples and dynasties.

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List of Iranians

This is an alphabetic list of notable people from Iran or its historical predecessors.

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List of kingdoms and royal dynasties

Monarchism is a movement that supports the monarchy as a form of government.

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List of magazines and newspapers of Fars

List of magazines and newspapers of Fars classifies the newspapers and magazines of Fars Province by the date first number was published.

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List of mayors of Shiraz

This is a list of mayors of Shiraz.

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List of modern conflicts in the Middle East

This is a list of modern conflicts in the Middle East ensuing in the geographic and political region known as the Middle East.

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List of monarchs of Persia

This article lists the monarchs of Persia, who ruled over the area of modern-day Iran from the establishment of the Achaemenid dynasty by Achaemenes around 705 BCE until the deposition of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979.

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List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 20th and 21st centuries

The following monarchs either lost their thrones through deposition by a coup d'état, by a referendum which abolished their throne, or chose to abdicate during the 20th century or 21st century.

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List of mosques in Tabriz

After the conquest of Iran by Muslims, Arab tribe Azd from Yemen resided in Tabriz and development of post-Islamic Tabriz began as of this time.

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List of Muslim states and dynasties

This article lists some of the states, empires, or dynasties that were ruled by a Muslim elite, or which were in some way central to or a part of a Muslim empire.

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List of Nobel laureates in Literature

The Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) is awarded annually by the Swedish Academy to authors for outstanding contributions in the field of literature.

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List of novelists by nationality

Well-known authors of novels, listed by country: See also: Lists of authors, List of poets, List of playwrights, List of short story authors.

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List of palaces

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List of participating nations at the Summer Olympic Games

This is a list of nations, as represented by National Olympic Committees (NOCs), that have participated in the Summer Olympic Games between 1896 and 2016.

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List of parties to the Geneva Conventions

The Geneva Conventions, which were most recently revised in 1949, consist of seven individual treaties which are open to ratification or accession by any sovereign state.

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List of parties to the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907

The following tables indicate the states that are party to the various Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907.

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List of people from Tabriz

Here is a complete list for notable people who lived or from Tabriz: --------------- A.

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List of people who survived assassination attempts

List of survivors of unsuccessful assassination attempts, listed chronologically.

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List of political entities in the 19th century

This is a list of political entities that existed between 1801 and 1900.

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List of predecessors of sovereign states in Asia

This is a list of all present sovereign states in Asia and their predecessors.

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List of predecessors of sovereign states in Europe

This is a list of all present sovereign states in Europe and their predecessors.

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List of Prime Ministers of Iran

This is a list of Prime Ministers of Iran from the creation of the office in 1906 during the Persian Constitutional Revolution, until 1989 when the post was abolished after the constitutional referendum.

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List of rulers of Iran

This is a list of rulers and office-holders of Iran.

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List of Shia Islamic dynasties

The following is a list of Shia Islamic dynasties.

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List of Shia Muslims

The following is a list of notable Shia Muslims.

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List of Shia Muslims flags

This is a list of flags used by Shia Muslims.

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List of shipwrecks in 1829

The list of shipwrecks in 1829 includes some ships sunk, wrecked or otherwise lost during 1829.

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List of sovereign states by date of formation

Below is a list of sovereign states with the dates of their formation (date of their independence or of their constitution), sorted by continent.

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List of sovereign states in 1799

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List of sovereign states in 1800

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List of sovereign states in 1801

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List of sovereign states in 1802

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List of sovereign states in 1803

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List of sovereign states in 1804

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List of sovereign states in 1805

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List of sovereign states in 1806

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List of sovereign states in 1807

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List of sovereign states in 1808

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List of sovereign states in 1809

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List of sovereign states in 1810

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List of sovereign states in 1811

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List of sovereign states in 1812

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List of sovereign states in 1813

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List of sovereign states in 1814

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List of sovereign states in 1815

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List of sovereign states in 1816

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List of sovereign states in 1817

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List of sovereign states in 1818

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List of sovereign states in 1819

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List of sovereign states in 1820

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List of sovereign states in 1821

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List of sovereign states in 1822

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List of sovereign states in 1823

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List of sovereign states in 1824

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List of sovereign states in 1825

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List of sovereign states in 1826

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List of sovereign states in 1827

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List of sovereign states in 1828

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List of sovereign states in 1829

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List of sovereign states in 1830

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List of sovereign states in 1831

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List of sovereign states in 1832

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List of sovereign states in 1833

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List of sovereign states in 1834

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List of sovereign states in 1835

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List of sovereign states in 1836

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List of sovereign states in 1837

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List of sovereign states in 1838

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List of sovereign states in 1839

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List of sovereign states in 1840

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List of sovereign states in 1841

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List of sovereign states in 1842

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List of sovereign states in 1843

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List of sovereign states in 1844

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List of sovereign states in 1845

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List of sovereign states in 1846

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List of sovereign states in 1847

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List of sovereign states in 1848

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List of sovereign states in 1849

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List of sovereign states in 1850

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List of sovereign states in 1851

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List of sovereign states in 1852

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List of sovereign states in 1853

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List of sovereign states in 1854

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List of sovereign states in 1855

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List of sovereign states in 1856

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List of sovereign states in 1857

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List of sovereign states in 1858

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List of sovereign states in 1859

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List of sovereign states in 1860

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List of sovereign states in 1861

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List of sovereign states in 1862

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List of sovereign states in 1863

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List of sovereign states in 1864

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List of sovereign states in 1865

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List of sovereign states in 1866

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List of sovereign states in 1867

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List of sovereign states in 1868

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List of sovereign states in 1869

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List of sovereign states in 1870

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List of sovereign states in 1871

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List of sovereign states in 1872

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List of sovereign states in 1873

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List of sovereign states in 1874

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List of sovereign states in 1875

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List of sovereign states in 1876

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List of sovereign states in 1877

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List of sovereign states in 1878

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List of sovereign states in 1879

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List of sovereign states in 1880

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List of sovereign states in 1881

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List of sovereign states in 1882

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List of sovereign states in 1883

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List of sovereign states in 1884

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List of sovereign states in 1885

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List of sovereign states in 1886

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List of sovereign states in 1887

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List of sovereign states in 1888

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List of sovereign states in 1889

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List of sovereign states in 1890

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List of sovereign states in 1891

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List of sovereign states in 1892

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List of sovereign states in 1893

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List of sovereign states in 1894

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List of sovereign states in 1895

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List of sovereign states in 1896

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List of sovereign states in 1897

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List of sovereign states in 1898

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List of sovereign states in 1899

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List of sovereign states in 1900

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List of sovereign states in 1901

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List of sovereign states in 1902

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List of sovereign states in 1903

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List of sovereign states in 1904

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List of sovereign states in 1905

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List of sovereign states in 1906

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List of sovereign states in 1907

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List of sovereign states in 1908

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List of sovereign states in 1909

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List of sovereign states in 1910

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List of sovereign states in 1911

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List of sovereign states in 1912

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List of sovereign states in 1913

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List of sovereign states in 1914

This is a list of every sovereign state that existed in the year 1914 and their capitals.

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List of sovereign states in 1915

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List of sovereign states in 1916

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List of sovereign states in 1917

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List of sovereign states in 1918

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List of sovereign states in 1919

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List of sovereign states in 1920

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List of sovereign states in 1921

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List of sovereign states in 1922

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List of sovereign states in 1923

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List of sovereign states in 1924

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List of sovereign states in 1925

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List of sovereign states in the 1820s

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List of sovereign states in the 1830s

This is a list of sovereign states in the 1830s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1830 and 31 December 1839.

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List of sovereign states in the 1840s

This is a list of sovereign states in the 1840s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1840 and 31 December 1849.

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List of sovereign states in the 1850s

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List of sovereign states in the 1860s

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List of sovereign states in the 1870s

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List of sovereign states in the 1880s

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List of sovereign states in the 1890s

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List of sovereign states in the 1900s

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List of sovereign states in the 1910s

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List of sovereign states in the 1920s

This is a list of sovereign states in the 1920s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1920 and 31 December 1929.

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List of state leaders in 1797

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List of state leaders in 1800

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List of state leaders in 1801

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List of state leaders in 1806

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List of state leaders in 1818

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List of state leaders in 1820

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List of state leaders in 1877

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List of state leaders in 1901

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List of state leaders in 1904

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List of state leaders in 1914

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List of state leaders in 1918

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List of state leaders in 1919

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List of state leaders in 1920

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List of state leaders in 1921

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List of state leaders in 1922

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List of state leaders in 1923

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List of state leaders in 1924

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List of state leaders in 1925

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List of state leaders in the 19th century

;State leaders in the 18th century – State leaders: 1901–1950 – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1900) AD, such as the heads of state and heads of government.

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List of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950)

;State leaders in the 19th century – State leaders: 1951–2000 – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950) AD, such as the heads of state, heads of government, and the general secretaries of single-party states.

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List of state visits to Iran

This is a list of foreign heads of state, heads of government who have visited the Iran, which is classified by the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs as either a state visit, official visit, or working visit.

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List of titles and honours of Mary of Teck

This is a list of awards, decorations, honours, orders and titles belonging to Mary of Teck, queen consort of the United Kingdom.

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List of tombs and mausoleums

This is a list of tombs and mausoleums that are either notable in themselves, or contain the remains of a notable person/people.

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List of tombs of Iranian people

Category:Tombs in Iran Tombs Iranian Persian people.

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List of treaties

This list of treaties contains known historic agreements, pacts, peaces, and major contracts between states, armies, governments, and tribal groups.

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List of treaties of the Ottoman Empire

Below is a list of major treaties of the Ottoman Empire.

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List of wars 1500–1799

This is a list of wars that began between 1500 to 1799. Other wars can be found in the historical lists of wars and the list of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity.

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List of wars 1800–1899

This articles provides a list of wars occurring between 1800 and 1899.

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List of wars 1900–1944

This is a list of wars that began between 1900 to 1944. Other wars can be found in the historical lists of wars and the list of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity.

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List of wars involving Georgia (country)

The following is an incomplete list of wars involving Georgia, by Georgian people or regular armies during periods when independent Georgian states existed, from antiquity to the present day.

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List of wars involving India

This is a historical overview of armed conflicts involving India.

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List of wars involving Iran

The following is an historical overview of the list of wars and conflicts involving Iran (Persia).

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List of wars involving Russia

The following is an incomplete list of armed conflicts and wars fought by Russia, by Russian people, from antiquity to the present day.

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List of wars involving the United Kingdom

This is a list of wars involving the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Great Britain and generally the British Isles.

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List of years in Iran

This is a list of years in Iran.

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List of Zimbabwean writers

This is a list of Zimbabwean writers.

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Literary criticism in Iran

Literary criticism (نقد ادبی) is a relatively young discipline in Iran since there had been no comparable tradition of literary criticism before the nineteenth century, when European influence first began to penetrate the country.

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Lloyd Carpenter Griscom

Lloyd Carpenter Griscom (November 4, 1872 – February 8, 1959) was an American lawyer, diplomat, and newspaper publisher.

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Lor Girl

Lor Girl (دخترِ لُر; Romanized as Dokhtar-e Lor), also known as The Iran of Yesterday and the Iran of Today, was the first sound film ever to be produced in the Persian language.

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Lori Province

Lori (Լոռի), is a province (marz) of Armenia.

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Lotf Ali Khan

Lotf Ali Khan (لطفعلى خان زند) (c. 1769 – 1794) was the last Shah of Persia (reigned 1789–94) of the Zand dynasty.

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Louise Firouz

Louise Firouz, was an American-born, Iranian horse breeder and researcher who 'discovered' and helped to preserve the Caspian horse, a breed believed to be the ancestor of the Arab and other types of what are called "hot-blooded" (agile and spirited) horses, and previously thought to have been extinct for 1,300 years.

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Love-stricken (1992 film)

Love-stricken ((in Persian:دل‌شدگان; is a 1992 Iranian historical drama film directed by Ali Hatami. The movie is mainly about some Iranian classical musicians in Ghajar era and their struggle to release their first Record which takes them on a journey to France. The film uses many notable Iranian actors and actresses. Among them are: Amin Tarokh, Akbar Abdi, Saeed Poursamimi, Mohamad Ali Keshavarz, Jamshid Hashempour, Hamid Jebelli, Fathali Oveisi, Shahla Riahi, Leili Rashidi, Leila Hatami,and Anna Borkowska. Love-stricken is in celebration and praise of Iranian music. At the beginning of the film an intertitle is seen which says: "This film is dedicated to The Great Masters of Iranian Music in the millennium anniversary of Barbad". The film music was composed by famous Iranian musicians such as Hussein Alizadeh as composer and Mohammad Reza Shajarian as singer. Love-stricken was 13th film of Ali Hatami after some both commercial and artistic successes of his previous films like: Mother, Sooteh-Delan, Sattar Khan, Hajji Washington and Kamalolmolk.

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Luṭfu’lláh Ḥakím

Luṭfu’lláh Ḥakím (1888 - 1968) was a prominent Bahá'í who served on the International Bahá'í Council and Universal House of Justice, the supreme governing body of the Bahá'í Faith.

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Lucy Myers Wright Mitchell

Lucy Myers Wright Mitchell (March 20, 1845 – March 10, 1888) was an American writer, historian, and expert on ancient art.

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Lutfu'lláh Hakím

Luṭfu’lláh Ḥakím (1888 - 1968) was a prominent Bahá'í who served on the International Bahá'í Council and Universal House of Justice, the supreme governing body of the Bahá'í Faith.

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Madhhab

A (مذهب,, "way to act"; pl. مذاهب) is a school of thought within fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence).

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Mahabad

Mahabad (مهاباد; also Romanized as Mihābād and Muhābād), (Mehabad: مەهاباد); is a city and capital of Mahabad County, West Azarbaijan Province, Iran.

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Mahd-i Ulya

Mahd-i Ulyā (مهد علیا, meaning "Sublime Cradle" or the highest ranked cradle), also transliterated as Mahd-e Olyā, was a common title for empress mother, mothers of Shahs, or crown princes, in Iran during the Safavid and Qajar eras.

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Mahmoud Afshartous

Mahmoud Afshartous (محمود افشارطوس), also written Afshartoos (c. 1908 in Tehran – 24 April 1953 in Tehran), was an Iranian general and chief of police during the government of Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh.

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Mahmoud Mirza

Mahmoud Mirza (9 October 1905 – 2 July 1988) Iranian prince of Qajar Dynasty, was the son of Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar.

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Makasib

Kitab al-Makasib or Makasib (lit) is a two-volume Twelver Shi'ah legal manual of Islamic commercial law written on Fiqh by Morteza Ansari.

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Maku, Iran

Maku (ماكو, ماكي - Makı; also Romanized as Mākū) is a city in the West Azerbaijan Province, Iran & the capital of Maku County.

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Malek Jahan Khanom, Mahd-e Olia

Malek Jahan Khanom, Mahd-e Olia (ملک جهان خانم، مهدِ عُلیا), (born Malek Jahan Khanom Qajar Ghovanloo; 26 February 1805 – 2 April 1873) was the wife and mother of Persian rulers.

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Malek Mansur Mirza Shoa O-Saltaneh

Prince Malek Mansur Mirza (1880–1922) Iranian prince of Qajar dynasty, was Mozaffar al-Din Shah's second son, brother of Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar, Abul-fat'h Mirza Salar-ed-Dowleh and Abul-Fazl Mirza.

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Malekeh Jahan

Malekeh-Jahan (ملکه جهان; 18751947) was the queen consort and cousin of Mohammad Ali Shah, and a member of the Qajar dynasty.

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Malik National Museum of Iran

Malek National Museum and Library is a museum and national library in Tehran, Iran.

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Mandaeans

Mandaeans (aṣ-Ṣābi'a al-Mandā'iyūn) are an ethnoreligious group indigenous to the alluvial plain of southern Mesopotamia and are followers of Mandaeism, a Gnostic religion.

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Maneckji Limji Hataria

Maneckji Limji Hataria (1813–1890) was an Indian Parsi-Zoroastrian scholar and civil rights activist, who took up the cause of the Zoroastrians of Iran.

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Manouchehr Khan Gorji

Manuchehr Khan Gorji Mo'tamad al-Dawle (died 1847) was a government official in Qajar Iran.

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Manouchehri House

Manouchehri House is a historic house in Kashan, Iran, now in use as a hotel.

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Mansoureh Ettehadieh

Mansoureh Ettehadieh is an Iranian historian and publisher.

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Manucher Mirza Farman Farmaian

Prince Manucher Mirza (1917–2003) was born in Tehran in 1917.

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Mar'ashi Najafi library

The Ayatollah Marashi Najafi Library, in Qom, is the third largest library in Iran, after the Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi, and the Library of Parliament, as well as being the world's third largest Islamic library, with more than 250,000 books, 25,000 of them online.

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Maragheh Khanate

Maragheh Khanate was a 17th–20th-century khanate based in Maragheh.

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Marble Palace (Tehran)

The Marble Palace (کاخ مرمر, Kākh-e Marmar) is one of the historic buildings and royal residences in Tehran, Iran.

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Marble Throne

The Marble Throne (تخت مرمر Taxt e Marmar) is a 250-year-old royal throne in Golestan Palace, Tehran, Iran.

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Maryam Amid

Maryam Amid Semnani (مریم عمید سمنانی), was an intellectual and a journalist during the Qajar era.

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Maryam Faghihimani

Maryam Faghihimani (sometimes written as Faghih Imani) is an Iranian researcher and activist, living in Norway and is the founder and President of the Centre for Cultural Diplomacy & Development (CCDD).

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Maryam Farman Farmaian

Maryam Firouz or Princess Maryam Farman Farmaian (1914 Kermanshah, Persia – 23 March 2008, Tehran, Iran) was a daughter of Prince Abdol Hossein Mirza Farmanfarma and Batoul Khanoum.

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Maryam Rajavi

Maryam Rajavi (مریم رجوی) is the leader of the People's Mujahedin of Iran, a communist organization trying to overthrow the Iranian government.

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Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan

Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan ("Mass'oud Mirza the Sultan's Shadow (5 January 1850 in Tabriz – 2 July 1918 in Isfahan) or Massud Mirza was a Persian prince of the Qajar Dynasty; he was known as the "Yamin-al-Dowleh" ("Right Hand of the Government"). He was posted as the governor of Isfahan for over 35 years, and the governor of the cities of Mazandaran, Fars, and Isfahan for a total of 40 years.

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Mastoureh Ardalan

Mah Sharaf Khanom Mastoureh Ardalan or Mastura Ardalan (1805, Sanandaj –1848, Sulaymaniyah) was a Kurdish poet, historian, and writer.

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Mauser

Mauser, begun as Königliche Waffen Schmieden, is a German arms manufacturer.

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Maz'al Jabir al-Kaabi

Maz'al ibn Jabir (18?? – 1897, styled Muaz us-Sultana) was the son of Jabir al-Kaabi and succeeded him as tribal leader of the Bani Kaab and Sheikh of Mohammerah upon his father's death.

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Mazanderani people

The Mazanderani people (مازرون; مردم مازندرانی) or Tabari people (تپورون; مردم تبری) are an Iranian peopleAcademic American Encyclopedia By Grolier Incorporated, page 294 whose homeland is the North of Iran (Tabaristan).

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Ménil-en-Xaintois

Ménil-en-Xaintois is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

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Mírzá Mahmúd

Mírzá Maḥmúd-i-Furúghí (مرزا محمود‎; died AH 1346), also known as Fádil-i-Furúghí, was an eminent follower of Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Bahá'í Faith.

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Mírzá Mihdí

Mírzá Mihdí (ميرزا مهدي‎ 1848 – June 23, 1870) was the youngest child of Bahá'í founder Bahá’u’lláh and wife Navváb.

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Mírzá `Abbás Núrí

Mírzá `Abbás-i-Núrí (ميرزا عباس نوري) more commonly known as Mírzá Buzurg was the father of Subh-i-Azal and Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Bahá'í Faith.

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Mükeddem dynasty

The Mükeddem Dynasty was the Ruling Family from the Maragheh Khanate and belonged to the Turkish Javanshir clan.

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Mehdi Rahimi

Mehdi Rahimi (1921 - 16 February 1979) was an Iranian military general.

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Mehrangiz Dowlatshahi

Mehrangiz Dowlatshahi (13 December 1919 – 11 October 2008) was an Iranian social activist and politician, who held significant positions, including ambassador of Iran to Denmark during the Pahlavi era.

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Meydan Mosque, Kashan

The Meydan mosque is a historical mosque in Kashan, Iran.

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Meymeh

Meymeh (ميمه, also Romanized as Meimeh) is a town and capital of Meymeh District, in Shahin Shahr and Meymeh County, Isfahan Province, Iran.

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Middle Eastern theatre of World War I

The Middle Eastern theatre of World War I saw action between 29 October 1914 and 30 October 1918.

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Military history of Armenia

The early military history of Armenia is defined by the situation of the Armenian Highland between the Hellenistic states, and later the Byzantine Empire, in the west and the Persian Empire to the east.

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Military history of Azerbaijan

The Azerbaijanis are believed to be inheritors of various ancient civilizations and peoples including the indigenous Caucasian Albanians, Iranian tribes such as Scythians and Alans, and Oghuz Turks among others (note that several modern peoples of the Caucasus can trace their ancestries to more than one of these same ancient peoples).

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Military history of Georgia

The country of Georgia has known a rich military history, both as a battlefield of empires and as an independent political and military power.

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Military history of Iran

With thousands of years of recorded history, and due to an unchanging geographic (and subsequently geopolitical) condition, Iran (previously known as Persia in the West until 1935) has had a long, varied, and checkered military culture and history, ranging from triumphant and unchallenged ancient military supremacy affording effective superpower status in its day, to a series of near catastrophic defeats (beginning with the destruction of Elam) at the hand of previously subdued and conquered peripheral nations (including Greece, Macedon and the Asiatic nomadic tribes at the Eastern boundary of the lands traditionally home to the Iranian people).

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Military history of the North-West Frontier

The North-West Frontier (present-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) region of the British Indian Empire was the most difficult area to conquer in South Asia, strategically and militarily.

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Minar (Firuzabad)

The Minar (منار, literally "pillar") or Minaret (rtl), mentioned in medieval Arabic-language Islamic sources as Terbal (rtl Ṭirbāl), was a unique, spiral, tower-like structure built in the centre of the Sassanian circular city of Gōr (modern Firuzabad, Iran).

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Mir Bashir Gasimov

Mir Bashir Gasimov (Mirbəşir Qasımov; Мир Башир Касумов; 1879 – 23 April 1949) was an Azerbaijani statesman and revolutionary, one of the followers of Nariman Narimanov's national communism policy in the Azerbaijan SSR.

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Mir-Fatah-Agha

Mir-Fatah-Agha, commonly known as Mushthaid (died 24 October 1892), was a high-ranking Twelver Shi'a Muslim cleric (specifically, a mujtahid) from Tabriz (Persian Azerbaijan, Qajar Empire), whom the Russian government credited with keeping the Muslim population of the Caucasus loyal to the Russians, following their recent expansion and conquering of the Caucasus at the expense of Qajar Persia.

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Mirror Hall

Mirror Hall is an oil on canvas painting by Iranian realist painter Kamal-ol-Molk, his first work since receiving the title Kamal-ol-Molk ("Perfection of the Realm").

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Mirza

Mirza (or; میرزا) is a name of Persian origin.

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Mirza Abdul'Rahim Talibov Tabrizi

Mirzā Abdul'Rahim Tālibi Najjār Tabrizi (1834, Tabriz — 1911, Temir-Khan-Shura, named Buinaksk since 1922) (ميرزا عبدالرحیم طالبی نجار تبریزی), also known as Talibov, was an Iranian Azerbaijani intellectual and social reformer.

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Mirza Abu'l-Qasem Qa'em-Maqam

Mirza Abolghasem Ghaem Magham Farahani (میرزا ابوالقاسم قائم‌مقام فراهانی) or Mirza Abu'l-Qasim Farahani Qá'im Maqam (1779 – June 28, 1835, Negarestan Garden, Tehran) was an Iranian Prime Minister briefly from 1834 to 1835.

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Mirza Abutaleb Zanjani

Mirzā Abutāleb Zanjānī (میرزا ابوطالب زنجانی.) also known as Sayyid Fakhr al-Din Mohammad Abutāleb Mousavi al-Zanjānī (10 December 1843 – 16 March 1911) Iranian Jurist and Shia scholar He was born on 10 December 1843, to an educated family in Zanjan, Iran.

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Mirza Ali Asghar Khan Amin al-Soltan

Mirza Ali Asghar Khan (میرزا علی‌اصغر خان); 6 January 1858 – 31 August 1907), also known by his honorific titles of Amin al-Soltan and Atabak, was the last prime minister of Iran under Naser al-Din Shah Qajar.

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Mirza Aqa Khan Nuri

Mirza Aqa Khan Nuri (میرزا آقاخان نوری), otherwise known as Aqa Khan Nuri, E'temad-ol Dowleh (born 1807 – died 1865) was a politician in Qajar Iran, who served as prime minister (ṣadr-e aʿẓam) between 1851-58 during the reign of king Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (r. 1848–1896).

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Mirza Fatali Akhundov

Mirza Fatali Akhundzade (Mirzə Fətəli Axundov میرزا فتحعلی آخوندزاده) or Mirza Fath-Ali Akhundzade (میرزا فتحعلی آخوندزاده), also known as Akhundov (12 July 1812 – 9 March 1878), was a celebrated ethnic Azerbaijani author, playwright, philosopher, and founder of modern literary criticism, "who acquired fame primarily as the writer of European-inspired plays in the Azeri Turkic language".

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Mirza Hosein Khan Moshir od-Dowleh

Mirza Hosein Khan Moshir od-Dowleh Sepahsalar (میرزا حسین خان مشیرالدوله سهپسالار) or simply Mirza Hosein Sepahsalar (میرزا حسین سهپسالار) (1828–1881) was the prime minister of Iran (Persia) during the Qajar dynasty under king Naser od-Din Shah Qajar between 1871 and 1873.

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Mirza Husain Noori Tabarsi

Mirza Husain Noori Tabarsi (میرزا حسین نوری طبرسی, الميرزا حسين النوري الطبرسي) (1838 - 1902) popularly known as Muhaddis Noori / Al-Mohaddith Al-Noori, was a top Shi'a Islamic cleric and father of Islamic Shi'a Renaissance.

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Mirza Kadym Irevani

Mirza Kadym Irevani, (978-9952-34-116-4., 1825, Erivan — 1875, Erivan) was an Azerbaijani ornamentalist artist and portraitist, founder of Azerbaijani panel painting, whose works greatly influenced Azerbaijani visual art of the modern period.

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Mirza Kuchik Khan

Mīrzā Kūchak Khān (میرزا کوچی خان, میرزا كوچک خان) (common alternative spellings Kouchek, Koochek, Kuchak, Kuchek, Kouchak, Koochak, Kuçek) (1880 - December 2, 1921) was an early twentieth century revolutionary, a Gilani Nationalist and the president of the Republic Of Gilan.

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Mirza Mohammed Hassan Husseini Shirazi

Grand Ayatollah Sayyed Mohammed Hassan Husayni Nouri Shirazi (میرزای شیرازی, Arabic: آية الله العظمى السيد محمد حسن الشیرازي) famously known as Mirza Shirazi (1814–1896), was a famous Iranian cleric.

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Mirza Nasrullah Khan

Mirza Nasrullah Khan (1840 – 13 September 1907) (میرزا نصرالله خان نایینی), titled Moshir al-Dowleh, was the first Iranian Prime Minister.

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Mirza Reza Kermani

Mirza Reza Kermani (in Persian: میرزارضا کرمانی), born in Kerman, Iran and died on August 10, 1896 in Tehran, was an adherent of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani and an Iranian revolutionary who assassinated the Shah of Persia Nasser-al-Din.

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Mirza Saleh Shirazi

Mirza Saleh Shirāzi (Persian: میرزا صالح شیرازی / Mīrzā Ṣāleḥ Shīrāzī) was a court intellectual and the first reporter in Iran.

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Mirza Shafi Mazandarani

Mirza Mohammad Shafi Bandpi'i Mazandarani (میرزا محمد شفیع بان نقطه دراینچ مازندرانی), better simply known as Mirza Shafi Mazandarani (میرزا شفیع مازندرانی), was an Iranian statesman of Mazandarani origin, who served as the grand vizier of the Qajar king (shah) Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (r. 1797-1834) from 1801 to 1819.

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Moḥammad Ḥosayn Kāšef-al-Ḡeṭāʾ

Moḥammad Ḥosayn Kāšef-al-Ḡeṭāʾ (b. Najaf, 1877; d. Karand, 1954)) was a Shiite jurist, philosopher, author, teacher, and lecturer. He worked for the welfare of the Shia community in Iraq and for Sunni-Shia rapprochement and solidarity.

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Moderate Socialists Party

Moderate Socialists (Ejtemāʿīyūn-e eʿtedālīyūn) or simply Moderates Party (فرقه اعتدالیون), was a political party in Qajari Persia and one of the two major parties of the constitutional period alongside its parliamentary rival Social Democratic Party–Democrat Party.

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Mohammad Ali Foroughi

Mohammad Ali Foroughi (1 January 1875 – 26 November 1942, محمدعلی فروغی) also known as Zaka-ol-Molk (Persian: ذُکاءالمُلک) was a teacher, diplomat, nationalist, writer, politician and Prime Minister of Iran.

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Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar

Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar (محمدعلی شاه قاجار) (21 June 1872 – 5 April 1925, Sanremo, Italy) was the sixth king of the Qajar Dynasty and Shah of Persia (Iran) from 8 January 1907 to 16 July 1909.

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Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi

Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi (محمد ابراهیم باستانی پاریزی, 12 December 1924 – 25 March 2014; born in Pariz) was an Iranian historian, translator, poet, essayist and author of non-fiction books.

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Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar

Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar (محمدحسن خان قاجار), also spelled Muhammad and Hassan (1722–1759), chief of the Qoyunlu branch of the Qajar tribe of Turkomans in the Caspian coastlands around Astarabad, was the son of Fath Ali Khan and the father of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, who founded the Qajar dynasty of Iran.

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Mohammad Hassan Mirza

Mohammad Hassan Mirza (20 November 1899, in Tabriz – 7 January 1943, in Maidenhead), was the brother of Ahmed Shah Qajar of Iran, and former Crown Prince of the Qajar dynasty.

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Mohammad Hassan Mirza II

Prince Mohammad Hasan Mirza II Qajar (also known as Mickey Kadjar) (born July 18, 1949) is the son of Hamid Mirza and a grandson of Mohammad Hassan Mirza, the last Crown Prince of Iran from the rule of the Qajar dynasty.

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Mohammad Hossein Mirza Firouz

Prince Mohammad Hossein Mirza Firouz (1894-?) KCVO (1919) was Iranian prince of Qajar Dynasty.

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Mohammad Jafar Abadei Mosque

Mohammad Jafar Abadei Mosque (مسجد محمد جعفرآباده‌ای) is a historical mosque in Isfahan, Iran.

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Mohammad Khanlu

Mohammad Khanlu (Moḥammad-Ḵānlū) (محمد خانلو) is one on the six major Tribes of Arasbaran.

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Mohammad Mosaddegh

Mohammad Mosaddegh (محمد مصدق;; 16 June 1882 – 5 March 1967) was an Iranian politician.

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Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (Mohammad Reza Pahlavi,; 26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980), also known as Mohammad Reza Shah (Mohammad Rezā Šāh), was the last Shah of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979.

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Mohammad Sadiq (painter)

Muhammad Sadiq was a noted artist from 18th century Iran.

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Mohammad Shah Qajar

Mohammad Shah Qajar (born Mohammad Mirza, محمد شاه قاجار) (5 January 1808 – 5 September 1848) was the King of Persia from the Qajar dynasty (23 October 1834 – 5 September 1848).

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Mohammad Taqi Baraghani

Mohammad Taqi Baraghani (ملا محمدتقی برغانی, محمد تقي البرغاني) (died 1847), was a top prominent Shi'a cleric in Qajar Persia.

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Mohammad Taqi Mirza

Mohammad Taqi Mirza "Hessam os-Saltaneh (5 October 1791 – 1853) was a Persian Prince of the Qajar Dynasty, son of Fath Ali Shah.

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Mohammad Taqi Mirza Rokn ed-Dowleh

Mohammad Taqi Mirza Rokn ed-Dowleh was a Persian prince of Qajar dynasty.

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Mohammad Vali Khan Tonekaboni

Mohammad-Vali Khan, Khalatbari Tonekāboni (محمدولی‌خان تنکابنی), (1846 in Tonekabon, Iran – 18 September 1926 in Tehran, Iran), known as Sepahdar A'zam was the leader of the constitutionalist revolutionary forces from Iran's Northern provinces of Gilan and Mazandaran and known as one of the greatest statesmen and military commanders of Persian history as well as its wealthiest nobleman.

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Mohammad Vali Mirza Farman Farmaian

Mohammad Vali Mirza (1891–1983) was the third son of Persian Qajar nobleman Abdol Hossein Mirza Farmanfarma and his wife Princess Ezzat-Dowleh.

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Mohammad-Ali Ala al-Saltaneh

Mohammad-Ali Ala al-Saltaneh (محمدعلی علاءالسلطنه ‎; 1829 – June 23, 1918 in Tehran), was Prime Minister of Qajar era Iran.

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Mohsen Makhmalbaf

Mohsen Makhmalbaf (محسن مخملباف, Mohsen Makhmalbaaf; born May 29, 1957) is an Iranian film director, writer, film editor, and producer.

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Mojabi

The Mojabi Shirazi or Mojabi family (مجابی) is a prominent Iranian family of cultural significance from Qazvin, Iran.

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Molla Hassan Kashi Mausoleum

The Molla Hassan Kāshi Mausoleum (آرامگاه ملاحسن كاشي) is a free-standing isolated edifice located 2.5 km to the south of Soltaniyeh, Iran.

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Molla Nasraddin (magazine)

Molla Nasraddin (Molla Nəsrəddin, Молла Насреддинъ) was an eight-page Azerbaijani satirical periodical published in Tiflis (from 1906-17), Tabriz (in 1921) and Baku (from 1922-31) in the Azeri and occasionally Russian languages.

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Morteza Ansari

Morteza Ansari (Morteza Ansari Shushtari Dezfuli) (also transliterated Mortaza Ansari and Murtada al-Ansari) (1781–1864) was a Shia jurist who "was generally acknowledged as the most eminent jurist of the time." Ansari has also been called the "first effective" model or Marja of the ShiaMottahedeh, The Mantle of the Prophet, (2000), p. 210 or "the first scholar universally recognized as supreme authority in matters of Shii law".

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Morteza Qoli Khan Qajar

Morteza Qoli Khan Qajar (مرتضی قلی خان قاجار, b. 1750/1755 - died either 1798 in St. Petersburg or 1800 at Astrakhan) - was a prince of Persia's Qajar dynasty, and the brother of Agha Mohammad Khan.

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Morteza-Qoli Bayat

Morteza Gholi Bayat (Mortezā Qoli Bayāt, aka Sahām al-Soltān, 1890–10 May 1958) was a Prime Minister of Iran.

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Moshfegh Hamadani

Raby Moshfegh Hamadani (1912-ربيع مشفق همدانى (2009, was a Jewish Iranian journalist and writer.

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Moshir od-Dowleh

Moshir od-Dowleh, also transliterated as Moshir al-Dowleh (مشیرالدوله), is the title of several Iranian politicians of the Qajar era.

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Mostaghim

The Mostaghim family is one of the prominent Iranian families.

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Mostowfi ol-Mamalek

Mirza Hasan Ashtiani, commonly known by the bestowed title Mostowfi ol-Mamalek (lit; 1871 – 1932) was an Iranian politician who served as Prime Minister on six occasions from 1910 to 1927.

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Mourning of Muharram

The Mourning of Muharram (or Remembrance of Muharram or Muharram Observances) is a set of rituals associated with both Shia and Sunni Islam.

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Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar

Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar, (مظفرالدین شاه قاجار, Mozaffar Ŝāh-e Qājār,; 23 March 1853 – 3 January 1907) was the fifth Qajar king of Persia (Iran), reigning from 1896 until his death in 1907.

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Mozaffar Firouz

Mozaffar Firouz (6 August 1906 – 5 April 1988) was the eldest son of prince Firouz Mirza Nosrat-ed-Dowleh Farman Farmaian III by his first wife.

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Muhammad Baqir Behbahani

Muhammad Baqir ibn Muhammad Akmal al-Wahid Bihbahani, also Vahid Behbahani (1706–1791), was a Twelver Shia Islamic scholar.

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Muhammad Husayn Khan

Muhammad Husayn Khan (died 1823) was an architect and political leader in Isfahan, Persia under the rule of Qajar Persian emperor Fath Ali Shah.

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Mulla Muhammad Mahdi Naraqi

Mulla Muhammad Mahdi Naraqi (ملا محمد مهدی نراقی) (1715-1795) was one of the Shia philosopher and theologian in the 12th and 13th centuries AH.

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Mullá 'Alíy-i-Bastámí

Mullá 'Alí-i-Bastámí (died 1846) was the second Letter of the Living in the Bábí movement.

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Musa al-Sadr

Musa al-Sadr (سید موسى صدر; 4 June 1928 – disappeared in Libya on 31 August 1978) is a Lebanese-Iranian philosopher and Shi'a religious leader from a long line of distinguished clerics tracing their ancestry back to Jabal Amel. Born in the Cheharmardan neighbourhood of Qom, Iran, he underwent both seminary and secular studies in Iran. He left Qom for Najaf to study theology and returned to Iran after the 1958 Iraqi coup d'état. He belongs to the Sadr family from Jabal Amel in Lebanon, a branch of Musawi family tracing to Musa Ibn Jaafar, the seventh Shia Imam and ultimately to the Prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima. Therefore Musa al-Sadr is often styled with the honorific title Sayyid. Some years later, Sadr went to Tyre, Lebanon as the emissary of Ayatollahs Borujerdi and Hakim. Fouad Ajami called him a "towering figure in modern Shi'i political thought and praxis"., chapter 26 He gave the Shia population of Lebanon "a sense of community". In Lebanon, he founded and revived many organizations including schools, charities, and the Amal Movement. On 25 August 1978, Sadr and two companions departed for Libya to meet with government officials at the invitation of Muammar Gaddafi. The three were last seen on 31 August. They were never heard from again. Many theories exist around the circumstances of Sadr's disappearance, none of which have been proven.

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Musa Khamis

Musa Khamis was an Iranian general in the war between Qajar Empire and the Ottoman Empire in 1821.

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Museum of Contemporary Art, Isfahan

The Isfahan Museum of Contemporary Art (aka the Museum of Contemporary Art) is a contemporary art museum in Isfahan, Iran, located next to the Museum of Natural History.

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Museum of Decorative Arts, Isfahan

The museum of decorative arts in Isfahan was founded in 1995.

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Museum of the Qasr Prison

The Museum of the Qasr Prison (موزه‌ زندان قصر muze-ye zendān-e qasr) is a historical complex in Tehran, Iran.

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Mushthaid Garden

The Musthaid Garden was established between the 1830s and 1840s, by Mir-Fatah-Agha, a high-ranked Shia Muslim religious leader of the Persian Shiites - a Mujtahid (hence the name Mushtaid), who fled from Iran to Tiflis (Tbilisi) during the Persian Qajar Dynasty.

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Music of Iran

The music of Iran encompasses music that is produced by Iranian artists.

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Muster-master

Muster-master (lit) was in Iran during the reign of the Qajar dynasty (1785–1925) the muster-master of the royal and imperial troops and a military office.

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My Uncle Napoleon

My Uncle Napoleon (دایی جان ناپلئون, Dâ'i jân Nâpol'on, literal translation: Dear Uncle Napoleon) is a coming of age novel by Iranian author Iraj Pezeshkzad published in Tehran in Persian in 1973.

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Nader Jahanbani

Nader Jahanbani (Nāder-e Jahānbānī; 16 April 1928 – 13 March 1979) was an Iranian general, distinguished fighter pilot of Imperial Iranian Air Force (IIAF) and the deputy chief of the IIAF under the Chief Commander Amir Hossein Rabii and Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran.

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Nader Mirza Afshar

Nadir Mirza Afshar was great-grandson of Nader Shah the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Persia.

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Nader Shah

Nader Shah Afshar (نادر شاه افشار; also known as Nader Qoli Beyg نادر قلی بیگ or Tahmāsp Qoli Khan تهماسپ قلی خان) (August 1688 – 19 June 1747) was one of the most powerful Iranian rulers in the history of the nation, ruling as Shah of Persia (Iran) from 1736 to 1747 when he was assassinated during a rebellion.

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Naderi Throne

The Naderi Throne of Iran is a gemmed and enameled throne made during the Qajar era, now kept in the national treasury of the Central Bank of Iran.

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Nain, Iran

Nain (نایین or نائين, also Romanized as Nā’īn, Nāeyn, and Nain) is a city and capital of Nain County, Isfahan Province, Iran.

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Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası) is a landlocked exclave of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

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Name of Afghanistan

The name Afghānistān (افغانستان, Afġānestān, Pashto: افغانستان, Afġānistān) means "land of the Afghans", which originates from the ethnonym "Afghan".

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Name of Georgia (country)

Georgia is the Western exonym for the nation in the Caucasus natively known as Sakartvelo (საქართველო). The Russian exonym is Gruziya (Грузия).

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Napoleon

Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Napoleonic Wars

The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European powers formed into various coalitions, financed and usually led by the United Kingdom.

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Naser al-Din Shah Qajar

Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (16 July 1831 – 1 May 1896) (ناصرالدین شاه قاجار), also Nassereddin Shah Qajar, was the King of Persia from 5 September 1848 to 1 May 1896 when he was assassinated.

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Nasir

Nasir (ناصر Nāṣir) is an Arabic masculine given name which can mean "helper" or "one who gives victory" (grammatically the Stem I masculine singular active participle of consonantal verb root n-ṣ-r).

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Nasir Khan Shahsevan

Nasir Khan Shahsevan was the second khan of the Ardabil Khanate from 1763 to 1808, He and his brother's was the khan jointly.

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Nasir-ol-molk Mosque

The Nasir al-Mulk Mosque (مسجد نصیر الملک Masjed-i Nasir al-Mulk), also known as the Pink Mosque (مسجد صورتی Masjed-i Surati), is a traditional mosque in Shiraz, Iran.

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Nasser Moghadam

Lieutenant General Nasser Moghadam (24 June 1921 – 11 April 1979) was the fourth and last chief of SAVAK (6 June 1978 – 12 February 1979).

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National Front (Iran)

The National Front of Iran (Jebha-ye Mellī-e Īrān) is an opposition political organization in Iran, founded by Mohammad Mosaddegh in 1949.

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National Garden, Tehran

The National Garden (باغ ملی) is a historical and governmental compound in Tehran, Iran.

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National Iranian Oil Company

The National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC; شرکت ملّی نفت ایران Sherkat-e Melli-ye Naft-e Īrān), a government-owned corporation under the direction of the Ministry of Petroleum of Iran, is a national oil and natural gas producer and distributor headquartered in Tehran.

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Nâseri

Naseri was the name given to the town of Ahwaz as it was refurbished and enlarged in the late 19th century by the eponymous Qajar king, Nasir al-Din Shah.

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Negar Mottahedeh

Negar Mottahedeh is a cultural critic and film theorist specializing in interdisciplinary and feminist contributions to the fields of Middle Eastern Studies and Film Studies.

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Neka

Neka (نكا, also Romanized as Nekā’ and Nekā; also known as Nīkā; formerly, Nāranj Bāgh) is a city and capital of Neka County, Mazandaran Province, Iran.

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Nematollah Nassiri

Nematollah Nassiri (August 1911 in Semnan – 16 February 1979) was the director of SAVAK, the Iranian intelligence agency during the rule of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi.

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Neshan-e Aqdas

The Nishan-e-Aqdas (Imperial Order or Most Sacred Order of the Aqdas) was an Imperial Iranian Order founded in 1870 by the Qajar Shah of Iran Nassereddin.

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Nezam Al Olama Estahbanati

Mohammad Nezam Al Olama, known as Nezam Al Olama Estahbanati (born in Estahban, Fars Province, 6 January 1849 – died in Estahban, Fars Province, 20 December 1942): was a renowned faqih and one of the most prominent scholars and well-known Ulama of the Qajars and Rezā Shāh era, according to Fars-Nama-ye Naseri and.

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Niavaran Complex

The Niavaran Palace Complex (مجموعه کاخ نیاوران – Majmue ye Niāvarān) is a historical complex situated in Shemiran (northern Tehran), Iran.

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Nicholas I of Russia

Nicholas I (r; –) was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855.

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Nicholas II of Russia

Nicholas II or Nikolai II (r; 1868 – 17 July 1918), known as Saint Nicholas II of Russia in the Russian Orthodox Church, was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 15 March 1917.

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Nikolay Rtishchev

Nikolay Federovich Rtishchev (Николай Федорович Ртищев; b. 1754 – d. 20 January 1835) was a General of the Infantry of the Russian Empire who served as the Russian Commander-in-chief in the Caucasus between 1812 and 1816.

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Niqāb

A niqab or niqāb (نِقاب, " veil"; also called a ruband) is a garment of clothing that covers the face which is worn by a small minority of Muslim women as a part of a particular interpretation of hijab ("modesty").

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Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin

No description.

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North Khorasan Province

North Khorasan Province (استان خراسان شمالی, Ostān-e Khorāsān-e Shomālī) is a province located in northeastern Iran.

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Nosrat al-Din Mirza Salar es-Saltaneh

Prince Nosrat al-Din Mirza Salar es-Saltaneh (February 2, 1884–1954) was a Qajar prince and painter, son of Nasser-al-Din Shah and princess Zinat es-Saltaneh grand-Daughter of Abbas Mirza.

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Nosrat Karimi

Nosrat Karimi (نصرت کریمی, 22 December 1924) is an award-winning Iranian actor, director, make-up artist, professor, scriptwriter, and sculptor.

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Nosrat-od-Dowleh Firouz Mirza

Firouz Mirza Nosrat ed-Dowleh (1818 – 4 April 1886) Persian prince of Qajar Dynasty, was the 16th son of crown prince Abbas Mirza and full-brother of Khanlar Mirza.

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Noyemberyan

Noyemberyan (Նոյեմբերյան), is a town and urban municipal communitiy at the northeast of Armenia, within the Tavush Province.

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October 1925

The following events occurred in October 1925.

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Official residence

An official residence is the residence at which a nation's head of state, head of government, governor or other senior figure officially resides.

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Oghuz Turks

The Oghuz, Oguz or Ghuzz Turks were a western Turkic people who spoke the Oghuz languages from the Common branch of Turkic language family.

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Old Azeri language

Old Azeri, also known as Azeri or Azari (آذری Āḏarī), is the extinct Iranian language that was once spoken in Azerbaijan (historic Azerbaijan, also known as Iranian Azerbaijan), and in what constitutes the present-day Republic of Azerbaijan (historically known as Arran and Shirvan).

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Omar Khayyam

Omar Khayyam (عمر خیّام; 18 May 1048 – 4 December 1131) was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet.

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Order of Aftab

The Order of Aftab (Nishan-i-Aftab) was founded by Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar, the King of Persia, in February 1873, before his first visit to various European states.

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Order of the Lion and the Sun

The Imperial Order of the Lion and the Sun was instituted by Fat’h Ali Shah of the Qajar Dynasty in 1808 to honour foreign officials (later extended to Persians) who had rendered distinguished services to Persia.

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Ordubad

Ordubad (also, Ordoubat and Ordubat) is the second largest town and a municipality of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan and is one of its three regions.

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Origin of the name Khuzestan

Although Herodotus and Xenophon referred to the entire region as Susiana, the name Khuzestan is what has been referred to the southwestern most province of Persia (Iran) from antiquity.

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Oskelu

Oskelu (اسكلو, also Romanized as Oskelū, Eskaloo, and Eskalū; also known as Iskyulyu and Osgelū; also written as Üskülü) is a village in Misheh Pareh Rural District, in the Central District of Kaleybar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Ottoman wars in Asia

Ottoman wars in Asia refers to the wars involving the Ottoman Empire in Asia.

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Ottoman–Persian War (1821–23)

The Ottoman–Qajar War was fought between the Ottoman Empire and Qajar Empire from 1821 to 1823.

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Ottoman–Persian wars

The Ottoman-Persian Wars or Ottoman-Iranian Wars were a series a wars between Ottoman Empire and the Safavid, Afsharid, Zand, and Qajar dynasties of Iran (Persia) through the 16th–19th centuries.

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Ottoman–Safavid relations

The history of Ottoman–Safavid relations started with the establishment of Safavid dynasty in Persia (Iran) in the early 16th century.

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Oudh Bequest

The Oudh Bequest is a waqf which led to the gradual transfer of more than six million rupees from the Indian kingdom of Oudh (Awadh) to the Shia holy cities of Najaf and Karbala between 1850 and 1903.

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Outline of Iran

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Iran: Iran – sovereign country located in Southwest Asia and the Middle East.

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Outline of World War I

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to World War I: World War I – major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918.

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Pahlavi Crown

The Pahlavi Crown is part of the coronation regalia used by the Pahlavi Shahanshahs of Iran (Persia) and is part of the Iranian Crown Jewels.

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Pahlavi dynasty

The Pahlavi dynasty (دودمان پهلوی) was the ruling house of the imperial state of Iran from 1925 until 1979, when the 2,500 years of continuous Persian monarchy was overthrown and abolished as a result of the Iranian Revolution.

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Pahlevani and zoorkhaneh rituals

Pahlevāni and zoorkhāneh rituals is the name inscribed by UNESCO for varzesh-e pahlavāni (آیین پهلوانی و زورخانه‌ای, "heroic sport") or varzesh-e bāstāni (ورزش باستانی; varzeš-e bāstānī, "ancient sport"), a traditional system of athletics originally used to train warriors in Iran and adjacent lands.

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Paisley (design)

Paisley or paisley pattern is an ornamental design using the buta (بته) or boteh, a teardrop-shaped motif with a curved upper end.

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Pan-Iranism

Pan-Iranism is an ideology that advocates solidarity and reunification of Iranian peoples living in the Iranian plateau and other regions that have significant Iranian cultural influence, including the Persians, Azerbaijanis (who are currently considered Turkic, but have historically and genetically been Iranic), Lurs, Gilaks, Mazanderanis, Ossetians, Kurds, Zazas, Talysh, Tajiks of Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Afghanistan, the Pashtuns and the Baloch of Pakistan.

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Panah Ali Khan

Panah-Ali Khan Javanshir (پناه‌علی‌ خان جوانشیر, Azerbaijani: Pənah Əli Qarabağlı) (1693, Sarijali, Safavid Empire – 1761, Shiraz, Zand dynasty) was the founder and first ruler of Karabakh Khanate under Persian suzerainty.

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Parsi

A Parsi (or Parsee) means "Persian" in the "Persian Language", which today mainly refers to a member of a Zoroastrian community, one of two (the other being Iranis) mainly located in India, with a few in Pakistan.

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Participants in World War I

This is a list of countries that participated in World War I, sorted by alphabetical order.

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Parvin E'tesami

Parvin E'tesami (پروین اعتصامی) (March 16, 1907 – April 5, 1941), also Parvin Etesami, was a 20th-century Persian poet of Iran.

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Paul I of Russia

Paul I (Па́вел I Петро́вич; Pavel Petrovich) (–) reigned as Emperor of Russia between 1796 and 1801.

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Paul Reuter

Paul Julius Freiherr von Reuter (Baron von Reuter; 21 July 1816 – 25 February 1899) was a German-born, British entrepreneur who was a pioneer of telegraphy and news reporting.

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Pavel Tsitsianov

Prince Pavel Dmitriyevich Tsitsianov Павел Дмитриевич Цицианов, also known as Pavle Dimitris dze Tsitsishvili (პავლე ციციშვილი, —) was a Georgian nobleman and a prominent General of the Imperial Russian Army.

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Pedro II of Brazil

Dom Pedro II (English: Peter II; 2 December 1825 – 5 December 1891), nicknamed "the Magnanimous", was the second and last ruler of the Empire of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years.

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Peoples of the Caucasus in Iran

The terms People of the Caucasus and Caucasian people indicate two main groups of people in Iran.

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Perci Piétro

Prince Percia Piétrolungo (born June 29, 1972, in New York City, New York), better known as Perci Piétro, is an American of Persian and Italian descent.

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Persecution of Bahá'ís

Persecution of Bahá'ís occurs in various countries, especially in Iran, where the Bahá'í Faith originated and the location of one of the largest Bahá'í populations in the world.

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Persecution of Zoroastrians

Persecution of Zoroastrians is the religious persecution inflicted upon the followers of the Zoroastrian faith.

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Persepolis (comics)

Persepolis is a graphic autobiography by Marjane Satrapi that depicts her childhood up to her early adult years in Iran during and after the Islamic Revolution.

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Persian art

Persian art or Iranian art has one of the richest art heritages in world history and has been strong in many media including architecture, painting, weaving, pottery, calligraphy, metalworking and sculpture.

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Persian Campaign

The Persian Campaign or Invasion of Persia also known as Invasion of Iran (اشغال ایران در جنگ جهانی اول) was a series of engagements in Iranian Azerbaijan and western Iran (Persia) involving the forces of the Ottoman Empire against those of the British Empire and Russian Empire, and also involving local population elements, beginning in December 1914 and ending with the Armistice of Mudros on October 30, 1918 as part of Middle Eastern theatre of World War I.

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Persian carpet

A Persian carpet or Persian rug (Persian: قالی ايرانى qālī-ye īranī),Savory, R., Carpets,(Encyclopaedia Iranica); accessed January 30, 2007.

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Persian Cossack Brigade

The Persian Cossack Brigade or Iranian Cossack Brigade (Berīgād-e qazzāq) was a Cossack-style cavalry unit formed in 1879 in Persia (modern Iran).

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Persian dance

Persian dance or Iranian dance (Persian:رقص ایرانی) refers to the dance styles indigenous to Iran.

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Persian Empire

The Persian Empire (شاهنشاهی ایران, translit., lit. 'Imperial Iran') refers to any of a series of imperial dynasties that were centred in Persia/Iran from the 6th-century-BC Achaemenid Empire era to the 20th century AD in the Qajar dynasty era.

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Persian Expedition of 1796

The Persian Expedition of Catherine the Great, alongside the Persian Expedition of Peter the Great, was one of the Russo-Persian Wars of the 18th century which did not entail any lasting consequences for either belligerent.

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Persian famine of 1917–1919

The Great Persian famine of 1917–1919 was a period of widespread mass starvation and disease in Persia (Iran) under rule of Qajar dynasty during World War I. So far, few historians have worked on the famine that took place in the occupied territory of the country that declared neutrality, making it an understudied subject.

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Persian Jews

Persian Jews or Iranian Jews (جهودان ایرانی, יהודים פרסים) are Jews historically associated with the Persian Empire, whose successor state is Iran.

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Persian language

Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (فارسی), is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.

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Persian legislative election, 1923

The Persian legislative election of 1923 was held in November 1923 after the appointment of Reza Pahlavi as Prime Minister by Ahmad Shah Qajar.

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Persian miniature

A Persian miniature (Persian:نگارگری ایرانی) is a small painting on paper, whether a book illustration or a separate work of art intended to be kept in an album of such works called a muraqqa.

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Persian Socialist Soviet Republic

The Persian Socialist Soviet Republic (widely known as the Soviet Republic of Gilan) was a short-lived Soviet republic in the Iranian province of Gilan that lasted from June 1920 until September 1921.

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Persian studies

Persian studies is the study of the Persian language and its literature specifically.

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Persian theatre

Persian theater or Iranian theater (Persian:تئاتر در ایران) goes back to antiquity.

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Persian traditional music

Persian traditional music or Iranian traditional music, also known as Persian classical music or Iranian classical music, refers to the classical music of Iran (also known as Persia).

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Persian vocabulary

Persian belongs to the Indo-European language family, and many words in modern Persian usage ultimately originate from Proto-Indo-European.

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Persianate society

A Persianate society, or Persified society, is a society that is based on or strongly influenced by the Persian language, culture, literature, art and/or identity.

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Pierre Amédée Jaubert

Pierre Amédée Emilien Probe Jaubert (3 June 1779 – 28 January 1847) was a French diplomat, academic, orientalist, translator, politician, and traveler.

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Pirzada

A Pirzada (پیرزاده) is historically described as official custodians of Sufi mausoleums and shrines in Muslim lands, with their earliest mentions being in Baghdad, Iraq, during the period of the Umayyad caliphate.

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Poland–Turkey relations

Polish–Turkish relations are foreign relations between Poland and Turkey.

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Political objections to the Bahá'í Faith

Opponents of the Bahá'í Faith have accused the faith's followers of various "political crimes", such as dual loyalty and being involved with foreign or hostile powers.

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Political thought and legacy of Ruhollah Khomeini

Khomeinism is the founding ideology of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Porfirio Díaz

José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori (15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915) was a Mexican general and politician who served seven terms as President of Mexico, a total of three and a half decades, from 1876 to 1880 and from 1884 to 1911.

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Pottery Museum of Tabriz

The Pottery museum is an art museum in Tabriz, Iran, established in one of the historical houses of the city known as Sarraflar’s house, which belongs to Qajar era.

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Prime Minister of Iran

The Prime Minister of Iran was a political post in Iran that had existed during several different periods of time starting with the Qajar era (when the country was internationally known as Persia) until its most recent revival from 1979 to 1989 following the Iranian Revolution.

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Prince Abbas Mirza Farman Farmaian

Prince Abbas Mirza Farman Farmaian Qajar (or Kadjar) (1890–1935) Iranian royal prince of the Persian Imperial Qajar Dynasty, was the second son of Prince Abdol-Hossein Mirza Farmanfarma of Persia, one of the most preeminent political figures of his time and of the royal Princess Ezzat ed-Dowleh Qajar, the daughter of king Mozaffar-al-Din Shah.

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Prince Aleksandre of Georgia

Prince Aleksandre of Georgia (ალექსანდრე ბატონიშვილი, Aleksandre Batonishvili) (1770–1844) was a Georgian royal prince of the Bagrationi family, who headed several insurrections against the Russian rule in Georgia.

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Prince Aly Khan

Prince Ali Salman Aga Khan (13 June 1911 – 12 May 1960), known as Aly Khan, was a son of Sultan Mahommed Shah, Aga Khan III, the leader of the Nizārī Ismā'īlī Muslims, a sect of Shia Islam, and the father of Aga Khan IV.

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Prince George of Kakheti (died 1561)

George (გიორგი, Giorgi; c. 1529 – 6 April 1561) was a Georgian prince (batonishvili) of the royal house of Kakheti, a son of King Levan of Kakheti by his second wife, a daughter of Kamal Kara-Musel, Shamkhal of Tarki.

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Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan

Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan, KBE, KCSS (صدرالّدين آغا خان,, 1933 – 2003) served as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1966 to 1977, during which he reoriented the agency's focus beyond Europe and prepared it for an explosion of complex refugee issues.

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Prince Vakhtang of Imereti (died 1850)

Vakhtang (ვახტანგი; – died December 1850) was a member of the Imeretian branch of the Georgian Bagrationi dynasty, a grandson of King David II of Imereti.

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Private library of the Niavaran Complex

Private library of the Niavaran Complex is located at the Niavaran Complex, a historical complex remaining from the Qajar and Pahlavi periods.

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Prix d'Ispahan

| The Prix d'Ispahan is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged four years or older.

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Prophecies of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the 19th-century Indian religious leader and founder of the Ahmadiyya movement in Islam, is known to have made many prophecies during his lifetime.

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Public executions in Iran

In 2013, Iran was only one of four countries known to have committed public executions.

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Pulwar

The pulwar or pulouar is a single-handed curved sword originating in Afghanistan.

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Puppetry

Puppetry is a form of theatre or performance that involves the manipulation of puppets – inanimate objects, often resembling some type of human or animal figure, that are animated or manipulated by a human called a puppeteer.

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Qaani

Mirza Habibollah Shirazi, known as Qaani, is one of the most famous poets of the Qajar era.

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Qadam Kheyr

Qadam Kheyr (Lurish: QadamXayr, قّدَمخَیر, Persian: قدم خیر, literally ″Happy Feet″) of Qalavand, was a notable Lurish woman of the late Qajar and early Pahlavi period in Iran.

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Qajar (disambiguation)

The Qajars (also spelled Ghajars, Kadjars, Kajars, Kadzhars, Cadzhars, Qachars and so on; in Azerbaijani: Qacar) are an Oghuz Turkic people.

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Qajar art

Qajar art (Persian: هنر دوره قاجاریه) refers to the art, architecture, and art-forms of the Qajar dynasty of the late Persian Empire, which lasted from 1781 to 1925 in Iran (Persia).

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Qajars (tribe)

The Qajars (also spelled Kadjars, Kajars, Kadzhars, Cadzhars, Cadjars and so on) are a Turkic Oghuz tribe who lived variously, with other tribes, in the area that is now Armenia, Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran.

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Qalat, Jahrom

Qalat (قلات, also Romanized as Qalāt and Qelāt) is a village in Jolgah Rural District, in the Central District of Jahrom County, Fars Province, Iran.

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Qarai Turks

The Karai or Qarai (Karāʾi / Qarāʾi / Qaraei / Karā or Qarā Tātār meaning Black Tatar) Turks, calling themselves قراي تركلر or ترک های سیاه, are a Turkic-speaking minority mostly found in Khorasan and Iran especially Torbat-e Heydarieh.

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Qarapapaqs

The Qarapapaqs or Karapapaks (Qarapapaqlar, Tərəkəmələr; Karapapaklar) are a Turkic sub-ethnic group of Azerbaijanis who mainly live in Azerbaijan, Iran, Georgia, and in the northeast of Turkey near the border with Georgia and Armenia, primarily in the provinces of Ardahan (around Lake Çıldır), Kars and Ağri.

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Qarasuran

Qarasuran,(Turkic: قره سوران/قراسوران) was the gendarmerie corps and provincial security administration of Safavid dynasty and Qajar dynasty era of Iran.

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Qari Bridge

Qari Bridge is a historic stone bridges in Tabriz, Iran, over the Quri River.

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Qavam family

The Qavam family (خاندان قوام شیرازی) was one of the most influential Iranian families in the Qajar era (1785–1925).

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Qavam House

Qavam House (also widely called "Narenjestan e Ghavam") is a traditional and historical house in Shiraz, Iran.

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Qiblah Mosque

The Qiblah Mosque (from مسجد جامع قبلة,(مسجد جامع قبله. – Masjed-e Qiblah) is a mosque in Kukherd city, the capital of Kukherd District in Bastak County, Hormozgan Province, Iran.

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Qizilbash

Qizilbash or Kizilbash, (Kızılbaş - Red Head, sometimes also Qezelbash or Qazilbash, قزلباش) is the label given to a wide variety of Shi'i militant groups that flourished in Azerbaijan (historic Azerbaijan, also known as Iranian Azerbaijan), Anatolia and Kurdistan from the late 15th century onwards, some of which contributed to the foundation of the Safavid dynasty of Iran.

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Qom

Qom (قم) is the eighth largest city in Iran.

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Qom Province

Qom Province (استان قم, Ostān-e Qom), pre-Islamic Komishan/Qomishan, is one of the 31 provinces of Iran with 11,237 km², covering 0.89% of the total area in Iran.

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Quebec Citadelles

The Quebec Citadelles (French: Citadelles de Québec) were an ice hockey team in the American Hockey League.

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Qur'an Gate

Qur'an Gate (دروازه قرآن Darvāzeh Qur'an) is a historic gate in the north of Shiraz, Iran.

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Quran

The Quran (القرآن, literally meaning "the recitation"; also romanized Qur'an or Koran) is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (Allah).

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Rabia Balkhi

Rābi'a bint Ka'b al-Quzdārī (رابعه بنت کعب), popularly known as Rābi'a Balkhī (رابعه بلخی) and Zayn al-'Arab (زین العرب), is a semi-legendaryG.

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Raffi (novelist)

Hakob Melik Hakobian (Յակոբ Մելիք-Յակոբեան (classical); Հակոբ Մելիք-Հակոբյան (reformed); 1835 – 1888), better known by his pen name Raffi (Րաֆֆի; رافی), was an Armenian author and leading figure in 19th-century Armenian literature.

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Rahmatabad, Markazi

Rahmatabad (رحمت اباد, also Romanized as Raḩmatābād) is a village in Hakimabad Rural District, in the Central District of Zarandieh County, Markazi Province, Iran.

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Raoul Koczalski

Armand Georg Raoul (von) Koczalski (3 January 1884Gregor Benko, liner notes to The Complete Raoul von Koczalski, Vol. 2, Marston Records, 2015. in Warsaw – 24 November 1948 in Poznań) was a Polish pianist and composer, who fulfilled his promise (first shown as a child prodigy) to become a leading pianist.

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Rashh-i-'Amá

Rashh-i-'Amá ("Sprinkling of the Cloud of Unknowing") is the first known tablet written by Bahá’u’lláh, founder of the Bahá'í Faith in 1852.

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Rasht

Rasht (رشت; Rəsht; also Romanized as Resht and Rast, and often spelt Recht in French and older German manuscripts) is the capital city of Gilan Province, Iran.

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Rawalpindi

Rawalpindi (Punjabi, راولپِنڈى), commonly known as Pindi (پِنڈی), is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Rawda Khwani

Rawda khwani (روضه خوانی., "reading the Rawda") is the Shia Iranian Muslim ritual of the Mourning of Muharram.

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Razavi Khorasan Province

Razavi Khorasan Province (استان خراسان رضوی, Ostâne Xorâsâne Razavi) is a province located in northeastern Iran.

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Recipe

A recipe is a set of instructions that describes how to prepare or make something, especially a culinary dish.

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Reformers' Party

Reformers' Party of Reformists Party (Ḥezb-e Eṣlāḥṭalabān) was a political party in Iran, established in late years of Qajar dynasty.

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Refugees in India

Refugees in India refers to the history of refugees in India.

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Regicide

The broad definition of regicide (regis "of king" + cida "killer" or cidium "killing") is the deliberate killing of a monarch, or the person responsible for the killing of a person of royalty.

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Relief

Relief is a sculptural technique where the sculpted elements remain attached to a solid background of the same material.

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Religion in Georgia (country)

The wide variety of peoples inhabiting Georgia has meant a correspondingly rich array of active religions.

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Religion in Iran

According to the CIA World Factbook, around 90–95%.

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Religious perspectives on tattooing

Some religions have perspectives on tattooing.

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Remington Rolling Block rifle

The Remington Rolling Block rifle was a breech-loading rifle produced from the mid-1860s into the early 20th century by E. Remington and Sons (later Remington Arms Company).

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Renault Kadjar

The Renault Kadjar is a compact SUV (J) from French car manufacturer Renault, offered with a choice of two wheel drive with an Extended Grip system or full four wheel drive.

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Repatriation of Armenians

Repatriation of Armenians refers to the act of returning of ethnic Armenians to their historical homelands, particularly to the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Artsakh.

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Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases

The Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases is part of the Pasteur Institute of Iran.

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Rey, Iran

Rey or Ray (شهر ری, Šahr-e Rey, “City of Ray”), also known as Rhages (Ῥάγαι, or Europos (Ευρωπός) Rhagai; Rhagae or Rhaganae) and formerly as Arsacia, is the capital of Rey County in Tehran Province of Iran, and the oldest existing city in the province.

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Reza Shah

Reza Shah Pahlavi (رضا شاه پهلوی;; 15 March 1878 – 26 July 1944) was the Shah of Iran from 15 December 1925 until he was forced to abdicate by the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran on 16 September 1941.

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Ridván

Riḍván (رضوان; Persian transliteration: Riḍván) is a twelve-day festival in the Bahá'í Faith, commemorating Bahá'u'lláh's declaration that he was a Manifestation of God.

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Rock relief

A rock relief or rock-cut relief is a relief sculpture carved on solid or "living rock" such as a cliff, rather than a detached piece of stone.

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Roknolmolk Mosque

Roknolmolk Mosque (مسجد رکن الملک) is a historical mosque in Isfahan.

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Roman Bagration

Prince Roman (Revaz) Ivanovich Bagration (Роман (Реваз) Иванович Багратион, რომან (რევაზ) ბაგრატიონი Roman (Revaz) Bagrat'ioni) (1778 – 1834) was a Georgian nobleman and a general in the Imperial Russian Army.

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Roman von Ungern-Sternberg

Baron Roman Nicolaus Maximilian von Ungern-Sternberg (Барон Ро́берт-Никола́й-Максими́лиан Рома́н Фёдорович фон У́нгерн-Ште́рнберг)adopted Russian name: Роман Фёдорович фон Унгерн-Штернберг, which transliterates as Roman Fyodorovich fon Ungern-Shternberg (10 January 1886 NS – 15 September 1921) was an Austrian-born Russian anti-Bolshevik lieutenant general in the Russian Civil War and then an independent warlord whose Asiatic Cavalry Division wrested control of Mongolia from the Republic of China in 1921 after its occupation.

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Rothbury

Rothbury is a town and civil parish in Northumberland, England.

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Royal family

A royal family is the immediate family of a king or queen regnant, and sometimes his or her extended family.

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Royal Persian Paintings: The Qajar Epoch 1783-1925

Royal Persian Paintings: The Qajar Epoch 1783-1925 was the first major exhibition of Persian art in Qajar era which took place from October 1998 to June 1999 at Brooklyn Museum in New York.

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Royal Salute

Royal Salute may refer to.

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Ruhollah Khomeini

Sayyid Ruhollah Mūsavi Khomeini (سید روح‌الله موسوی خمینی; 24 September 1902 – 3 June 1989), known in the Western world as Ayatollah Khomeini, was an Iranian Shia Islam religious leader and politician.

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Rukiye Sabiha Sultan

Rukiye Sabiha Sultan (1 April 1894 – 26 August 1971) was an Ottoman princess, the youngest daughter of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed VI and his first wife Nazikeda Kadın, the daughter of Prince Hassan Marshania and his wife Princess Fatma Horecan Aredba.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Russian Ark

Russian Ark (Русский ковчег, Russkij Kovcheg) is a 2002 experimental historical drama film directed by Alexander Sokurov.

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Russian Armenia

Russian Armenia is the period of Armenian history under Russian rule from 1828, when Eastern Armenia became part of the Russian Empire following Qajar Iran's loss in the Russo-Persian War (1826–1828) and the subsequent ceding of its territories that included Eastern Armenia per the out coming Treaty of Turkmenchay of 1828.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.

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Russian language in Azerbaijan

Russian is the first language of more than 150,000 people in Azerbaijan, predominantly ethnic Russians, as well as of Russified Azeris, Ukrainians, Jews, and other minorities.

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Russian Orthodox Church in Azerbaijan

The Russian Orthodox Church in Azerbaijan constitutes the main community of Eastern Orthodox Christianity in that country.

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Russo-Circassian War

The Russo-Circassian War (1763–1864) involved a series of battles and wars in Circassia, the northwestern part of the Caucasus, in the course of the Russian Empire's conquest of the Caucasus.

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Russo-Japanese War

The Russo–Japanese War (Russko-yaponskaya voina; Nichirosensō; 1904–05) was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea.

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Russo-Persian Treaty of Friendship (1921)

The Russo-Persian Treaty of Friendship was signed on February 26, 1921 between representatives of Iran and the Soviet Russia.

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Russo-Persian War (1804–13)

The 1804–1813 Russo-Persian War, was one of the many wars between the Persian Empire and Imperial Russia, and began like many of their wars as a territorial dispute.

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Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)

The Russo-Persian War of 1826–28 was the last major military conflict between the Russian Empire and Iran.

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Russo-Persian Wars

The Russo-Persian Wars or Russo-Iranian Wars were a series of wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Persian Empire between the 17th and 19th centuries.

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Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)

The Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774 was an armed conflict that brought Kabardia, the part of the Yedisan between the rivers Bug and Dnieper, and Crimea into the Russian sphere of influence.

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Sa'dabad Complex

The Sa'dabad Complex (مجموعه سعدآباد – Majmue ye Sa’dābād) is a 300 hectare complex built by the Qajar and Pahlavi monarchs, located in Shemiran, Greater Tehran, Iran.

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Sabar Mirza Farman Farmaian

Sabar Mirza Farman Farmaian (1912–2006) The first son of Persian Qajar nobleman Abdol Hossein Mirza Farmanfarma through Masoumeh Khanoum.

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Sadeq Khan Zand

Sadeq Khan Zand (صادق‌خان زند, d. 1781), also known as Mohammad Sadeq, was the fifth Shah of the Zand dynasty from August 22, 1779 until March 14, 1781.

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Sadiq Khan Shaqaqi

Sadiq Khan Shaqaqi was the second khan of the Sarab Khanate from 1786 to 1797.

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Sadrol Mamalek Ardabili

Sadrolmamalek Ardabili was one of the scholars of 19th century (13th century АН).

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Saeedi Garden

Saeedi Garden (باغ سعیدی, Romanized as Bāgh-e-Saeedi) is a historical garden with an area of 4 hectares located in Nishapur, Iran.

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Safa Mosque

The Safa Mosque is a historical mosque in Isfahan, Iran.

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Safavid dynasty

The Safavid dynasty (دودمان صفوی Dudmān e Safavi) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran, often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history.

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Safavid Shirvan

The Shirvan province (Velāyat-e Shirvān) was an velayat (province) founded by the Safavid Empire on the territory of modern Azerbaijan and Russia (Dagestan) between 1501 and 1736 with its capital in the town of Shamakhi.

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Safed

Safed (צְפַת Tsfat, Ashkenazi: Tzfas, Biblical: Ṣ'fath; صفد, Ṣafad) is a city in the Northern District of Israel.

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Said bin Sultan, Sultan of Muscat and Oman

Said bin Sultan Al-Said (سعيد بن سلطان,, Said bin Sultani) (5 June 1791 – 19 October 1856) was Sultan of Muscat and Oman from 1806 to 4 June 1856.

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Saifullah Mirza

Saifullah Mirza (Persian:سیف‌الله میرزا) (born:2/7/1814) was Qajar Prince and 42th son of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar.

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Saint Stepanos Monastery

The Saint Stepanos Monastery (Սուրբ Ստեփանոս վանք,; کلیسای سن استپانوس), also known in Armenian as Maghardavank (Մաղարդավանք), is an Armenian monastery located about 15 km northwest of the city of Julfa in the province of East Azarbaijan, northwestern Iran.

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Salām-e Shāh

Salâm-e Shâh (lit) or Salâmati-ye Shâh (lit) was the royal and national anthem of Persia (Iran) between 1873 and 1909.

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Salmas

Salmas (Salmās, Azerbaijani: Sālmās; Romanized as Salmās and Salamas) is the capital of Salmas County, WA (West Azerbaijan Province), Iran.

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Samad Khan Momtaz os-Saltaneh

Samad Khan Momtaz os-Saltaneh, or Momtaz ol Saltaneh (1869–26 March 1954) (in Persian: صمد خان ممتاز السطنه) was an Iranian diplomat of the Qajar and Pahlavi dynasty era.

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Samson Makintsev

Samson Yakovlevich Makintsev (Самсо́н Я́ковлевич Маки́нцев), more commonly known as Samson Khan (سامسون‌خان); (1849 – 1776), was a general of Russian origin in the service of Qajar Persia.

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Sanremo

Sanremo or San Remo (Sanrému, locally date The name of the city is a phonetic contraction of Sant'Eremo di San Romolo, which refers to Romulus of Genoa, the successor to Syrus of Genoa. It is often stated in modern folk stories that Sanremo is a translation of "Saint Remus", a deceased Saint. In Ligurian, his name is San Rœmu. The spelling San Remo is on all ancient maps of Liguria, the ancient Republic of Genoa, Italy in the Middle Ages, the Kingdom of Sardinia, and the Kingdom of Italy. It was used in 1924 in official documents under Mussolini. This form of the name appears still on some road signs and, more rarely, in unofficial tourist information. It has been the most widely used form of the name in English at least since the 19th century.

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Sarab Khanate

The Sarab Khanate with the capital at Sarab existed from 1747 to 1797.

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Sarakhs

Sarakhs (سرخس, also Romanized as Serakhs) is a city and capital of Sarakhs County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran.

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Sardar

Sardar (سردار,; "Commander" literally; "Headmaster"), also spelled as Sirdar, Sardaar, Shordar or Serdar, is a title of nobility that was originally used to denote princes, noblemen, and other aristocrats.

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Sardar Iravani

Sardār-e Īravānī was the title of Hossein Khan Sardar Qajar (1740–1830) and his brother Hasan Khan Qajar, the last governor of Eravan (Iravan, Jerevan, Yerevan) 1807-28, the son of Mohammad Khan Qajar (Amir Kabir) uncle of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar the founder of Qajar Dynasty in Persia and also the ancestor of family Sardari Iravani, an old Persian Qajar family.

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Sardar Rafie Yanehsari

Sardar Rafi’s dynasty was the local governing dynasties ruling from the beginning to the end of Qajar period in and Astarabad.

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Sardar's Fortress

Sardari Berd (Սարդարի Բերդ: deriven from Sardar سردار; a title of Persian origin, used for military or political leaders meaning "commander" or "chieftain" and Berd Բերդ; meaning "fortress".) sits on the right before the cemetery in the village of Sardarapat in the Armavir Province of Armenia.

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Sardarapat, Armenia

Sardarapat (Սարդարապատ), is a major village in the Armavir province of Armenia.

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Sari, Iran

Sari ((ساری); also Romanized as Sārī; also known as Shahr-i-Tajan and Shari-i-Tajan) is the provincial capital of Mazandaran and former capital of Iran (for a short period), located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of the Caspian Sea.

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Sasanian art

Sasanian art, or Sassanid art, was produced under the Sasanian Empire which ruled from the 3rd to 7th centuries AD, before the Muslim conquest of Persia was completed around 651.

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Sattar Khan

Sattar Khan (ستارخان,; Azerbaijani: Səttar xan) October 20, 1866 – November 17, 1914), honorarily titled Sardār-e Melli (سردار ملی meaning National Commander) was a pivotal figure in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution and is considered a national hero.

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Sattareh Farmanfarmaian

Sattāreh Farmānfarmā'iān (ستاره فرمانفرمائیان December 23, 1921 – May 23, 2012), also Sattareh Farman-Farmaian, was one of the daughters of Persian nobleman Abdol Hossein Mirza Farmanfarma of the Qajar dynasty.

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Sayat-Nova

Sayat-Nova (Սայաթ-Նովա; Azerbaijani: Səyyad Nova; Persian: سایات‌نوفا; საიათნოვა; born Harutyun Sayatyan; 1712/1722 – 22 September 1795) was an Armenian poet, musician and ashugh, who had compositions in a number of languages.

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Schools of Islamic theology

Schools of Islamic theology are various Islamic schools and branches in different schools of thought regarding aqidah (creed).

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Selab

Selab (Azerbaycanca: Selab, Persian: سئلاب), is a district of Tabriz.

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Semnan, Iran

Semnan (سمنان, also Romanized as Semnān and Samnān) is the capital city of Semnan Province, Iran.

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Sepahsalar Mosque

The Sepahsālār Mosque (مسجد سپهسالار - Masjed-e Sepahsālār) is a famous historic mosque in Tehran, Iran.

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September 1909

The following events occurred in September 1909.

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September 1910

The following events occurred in September 1910.

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Seyed Karim Amiri Firuzkuhi

Seyed Karim Amiri Firuzkuhi or Firozkohi (Persian: سید کریم امیری فیروزکوهی) was a renowned contemporary Iranian poet.

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Seyyed Abdollah Behbahani

Seyyed Abdollah Behbahani (سیدعبدالله بهبهانی, 1840–1910) was a Shi'a theologian and a prominent leader of the constitutional movement.

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Seyyed Bagher Ab anbar

The Seyed Bagher Ab anbar (آب‌انبار سید باقر) is a historical Ab anbar of Qajar dynasty that is located in city center of Bardaskan, in Ghaem Avenue.

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Seyyed Mosque (Isfahan)

Seyyed Mosque (مسجد سید) is the biggest and the most famous mosque from the Qajar era in Isfahan.

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Shadi Ghadirian

Shadi Ghadirian (born 1974 in Tehran, Iran) is a contemporary photographer living and working in Tehran.

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Shah Mosque (Tehran)

The Shah Mosque (مسجد شاه), also known as the Soltāni Mosque (مسجد سلطانی) meaning "royal", renamed the Imam Mosque (مسجد امام), after the 1979 Iranian Revolution, is a principal, ASHARQ AL-AWSAT mosque in the northern section of the Grand Bazaar in Tehran, Iran.

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Shah Nematollah Vali Shrine

The Shah Nematollah Vali Shrine (آرامگاه شاه نعمت‌ الله‌ ولی) is a historical complex, located in Mahan, Iran, which contains the mausoleum of Shah Nematollah Vali, the renowned Iranian mystic and poet.

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Shah-Abdol-Azim shrine

The Shāh Abdol Azīm Shrine (شاه عبدالعظیم), also known as Shabdolazim, located in Rey, Iran, contains the tomb of ‘Abdul ‘Adhīm ibn ‘Abdillāh al-Hasanī (aka. Shah Abdol Azim).

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Shahidi

Shahidi (شهیدی) is a common surname in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan.

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Shahrbani

Shahrbani (شهربانی; Šahrbānī) formerly called Nazmiyeh (نظمیه; Naẓmīya) was a law enforcement force in Iran, with police duties inside cities.

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Shahrokh Shah

Shahrokh Mirza Afshar, better known by his dynastic name of Shahrokh Shah (شاهرخ: also spelled Shah Rokh) (c. 1734–1796), was a king of the Afsharid dynasty and a contemporary of the Zand kings.

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Shahrud, Iran

Shahrud (شاهرود, also Romanized as Shâhrūd, Shahrood, and Shahroud; also known as Shârūd) is a city and capital of Shahrud County, Semnan Province, Iran.

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Shamakhi

Shamakhi (also spelled Şamaxı) is the capital of the Shamakhi Rayon of Azerbaijan.

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Shamlugh

Shamlugh (Շամլուղ), is a village within the Akhtala Municipality of Lori Province at the northeast of Armenia.

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Shams Langeroodi

Mohammad Shams Langeroodi (شمس لنگرودی) (born November 17, 1950 in Langerood, Iran) is a contemporary Iranian poet, author and university lecturer.

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Shaqaqi

Shaqaqi (also is written as shaghaghi) is an Azerbaijani tribe of Kurdish origins.

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Sharur District

Şərur (also, Sharur and Sherur; formerly Norashen (1930–1964), Iliich (Ильич) and Il'ichëvsk (Ильичёвск) (1964–1991) after Vladimir ''Ilyich'' Lenin) is a rayon of Azerbaijan in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.

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Shaykh Ahmad

Shaykh Ahmad ibn Zayn al-Dín ibn Ibráhím al-Ahsá'í (شيخ أحمد بن زين الدين بن إبراهيم الأحسائي) (1753–1826) was the founder of a 19th-century Shi`i school in the Persian and Ottoman empires, whose followers are known as Shaykhís.

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Shaykh Ali Khan Zand

Shaykh Ali Khan Zand (translit) was a Zand nobleman, who was a close associate and prominent lieutenant of his cousin Karim Khan Zand (r. 1751-1779).

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Shaykh Ali Khan Zanganeh

Shaykh Ali Khan Zanganeh (شیخ علی خان زنگنه, died 1689), was an Iranian statesman of Kurdish origin, who served as the grand vizier of the Safavid king (shah) Suleiman I (r. 1666–1694) from 1669 to 1689.

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Shaykhism

Shaykhism (الشيخية) is an Islamic religious movement founded by Shaykh Ahmad in early 19th century Qajar Iran.

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Shazdeh Garden

Shazdeh Mahan Garden (باغ شازده ماهان. Bāgh-e Shāzdeh Mahan) meaning Prince Mahan’s Garden is a historical Persian garden located near (6 km away from) Mahan in Kerman province, Iran.

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Shāh Khalīlullāh III

Shāh Khalīlullāh III (شاه خليل الله‎; 1740–1817) was the 45th Imam of the Nizari Ismaili Shia community.

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Sheikh Fazlollah Noori

Sheikh Fazlollah Nouri (Persian: شیخ فضل‌الله نوری; also Hajj Sheikh Fazlollah Nouri Tabarsi, Sheikh Nouri; 24 December 1843 in Mazandaran – 31 July 1909 in Tehran) was a prominent Shia Muslim cleric in Qajar Iran during the late 19th and early 20th century and founder of political Islam in Iran.

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Sheikh Khazal rebellion

Sheikh Khazal rebellion refers to the 1924 Arab separatist uprising by the Sheikh of Mohammerah Khaz'al al-Ka'bi in Iranian Khuzestan.

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Sheikh Ubeydullah

Sheikh Ubeydullah (died 1883) (Kurdish: Şêx Ubeydullayê Nehrî, شێخ وبه‌يدوڵاي نهری), also known as Sayyid Ubeydullah, was the leader of the first modern Kurdish nationalist struggle.

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Shemiran

Shemirān (شمیران,, also Romanized as Shemīrān or Šemirân), also known as Shemirānāt (شمیرانات) is the capital of Shemiranat County, Tehran Province, Iran, but is actually located just north of the borders of Tehran County along Chamran Expressway and Sadr Expressway and it is the northernmost district of the city of Tehran.

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Sheyda Gerashi

Mohammadjaafar Khan Gerashi (محمدجعفر خان گراشی), son of Haj Rustam Khan Gerashi (Sarhang) and grandson of Fathali Khan Gerashi, known as Moghtader ol-Mamalek (مقتدرالممالک) and better known as his pen-name Sheyda (شیدا), was a Persian Poet and Panegyrist.

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Sheykh ol-Eslam's House

The Sheykh ol-Eslam's house is a historical house in Isfahan, Iran.

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Shimun XXI Benyamin

Mar Shimun XXI Benyamin (1887– 3 March 1918) (ܡܪܝ ܒܢܝܡܝܢ ܫܡܥܘܢ ܥܣܪܝܢ ܘܩܕܡܝܐ.) was a Catholicos Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East.

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Shirak Province

Shirak (Շիրակ), is a province (marz) of Armenia.

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Shiraz

Shiraz (fa, Šīrāz) is the fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars Province (Old Persian as Pars).

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Shirvan

Shirvan (from translit; Şirvan; Tat: Şirvan), also spelled as Sharvān, Shirwan, Shervan, Sherwan and Šervān, is a historical region in the eastern Caucasus, known by this name in both Islamic and modern times.

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Shokufeh (magazine)

After the publication of the first Persian women’s magazine Danesh in Tehran in 1910/1911, Shokufeh (Persian: شكوقه; DMG: Šokufeh; English: "Blossom"), the next Persian magazine only for women, was established in 1913.

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Shubar al-Sitri

Sayyid Shubar ibn Ali ibn Mish'al al-Sitri al-Bahrani al-Ghurayfi (Arabic: السيد شبر بن علي بن مشعل الستري البحراني الغريفي) was a Bahraini Allamah who tried to overthrow Sheikh Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa, Hakim of Bahrain in 1895.

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Shusha

Shusha (Şuşa; Шуша), or Shushi (Շուշի), is a city in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh in the South Caucasus.

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Siege of Erivan (1804)

The Siege of Erivan (Yerevan, the capital of modern Armenia) took place from July to September 1804, during the Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813.

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Siege of Erivan (1808)

The Siege of Erivan took place in 1808, during the Russo-Persian War of 1804-1813.

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Siege of Herat (1838)

The Siege of Herat (1837–1838) was an unsuccessful attack on the Afghan city of Herat, by the Qajar dynasty of Persia, during the time of the Great Game.

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Simko Shikak

Simko Shikak (also known as "Simitquh"; born Ismail Agha Shikak 1887 – 1930) was a Kurdish chieftain of the Shakak tribe.

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Simko Shikak revolt (1918–22)

The Simko Shikak revolt refers to an armed Ottoman-backed tribal Kurdish uprising against the Qajar dynasty of Iran from 1918 to 1922, led by Kurdish chieftain Simko Shikak from the Shekak tribe.

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Simon McTavish

Simon McTavish (1750 – 6 July 1804), of Montreal was a Scottish-born fur trader and the chief founding partner of the North West Company.

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Sisian

Sisian (Սիսիան) is a town and the centre of the urban community of Sisian, in Syunik Province at the south of Armenia.

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Siyah mashq

Siyah mashq (Persian) lit.

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Socialism in Iran

Socialism in Iran or Iranian socialism is a political ideology that traces its beginnings to the 20th century and encompasses various political parties in the country.

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Socialist Revolutionary Party (Persia)

Socialist Revolutionary Party (Ferqa'ye Ejtemāʿīyūn-e Enqelābīyūn), also known as Social-Revolutionaries (Sosyal-Revolusiyonerha) was a Persian revolutionary socialist party based in Baku, Caucasus.

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Society for the National Heritage of Iran

Society for the National Heritage of Iran (انجمن آثار ملی ایران "anjoman asar-e meli") or "SNH" for short, was a grass root political and archeological group created by a group of educated, and nationalistic Iranians in 1922, toward the end of the Qajar governance in Iran.

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Sohrab Khan Gorji

Sohrab Khan Gorji, also known by his nickname 'Naqdi, was a courtier in 19th-century Qajar Iran of Georgian origin.

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Solar eclipse of August 21, 1914

A total solar eclipse occurred on August 21, 1914.

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Soleiman Eskandari

Soleiman Eskandari (سلیمان اسکندری) was an Iranian Qajar prince, and socialist politician.

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Soltan Ahmad Mirza Azod Al-Duleh

Soltan Ahmad Mirza Azod Al-Duleh was prince of Persia and 49th son of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar.

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Soltan-e Sahebgharan

Soltan-e Sahebgharan (سلطان صاحبقران; also Romanized as Soltān-e Sāhebgherān) is an Iranian historical 1974 TV series directed by Ali Hatami.

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Soltani Mosque of Borujerd

The Soltani Mosque of Borujerd is a large mosque in the centre of Borujerd, in the province of Lorestan, western Iran.

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South Khorasan Province

South Khorasan Province (استان خراسان جنوبی Ostān-e Khorāsān-e Jonūbī) is a province located in eastern Iran.

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Spiritual Assembly

Spiritual Assembly is a term given by `Abdu'l-Bahá to refer to elected councils that govern the Bahá'í Faith.

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Spitak

Spitak (Սպիտակ), is a town and urban municipal community in the northern Lori Province of Armenia.

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Spread of the Latin script

This article discusses the geographic spread of the Latin script throughout history, from its archaic beginnings in Latium to the dominant writing system on Earth in modernity.

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St. Thaddeus Monastery

The Monastery of Saint Thaddeus (Surb Tadeosi vank'; کلیسای حضرت تادئوس, Kelisā-ye Ḥaẓrat-e Tādeus) is an ancient Armenian monastery in the mountainous area of West Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Stepanavan

Stepanavan (Ստեփանավան), is a town and municipal community in the Lori Province of Armenia.

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Stielers Handatlas

Stielers Handatlas (after Adolf Stieler, 1775–1836), formally titled Hand-Atlas über alle Theile der Erde und über das Weltgebäude (Handy atlas of all parts of the world and of the universe), was the leading German world atlas of the last three decades of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century.

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Storming of Derbent

The Storming of Derbent (Штурм Дербента) took place on 10 May 1796 during the Persian Expedition of 1796.

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Storming of Lankaran

The Storming of Lankaran (یورش به لنکران — Yuresh be Lankaran; Штурм Ленкорани) took place on 1 January 1813 as part of the Russo-Persian War (1804-1813).

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Subh-i-Azal

Ṣubḥ-i-Azal (یحیی صبح ازل)(Morning of Eternity) (1831–1912, born Mírzá Yaḥyá Núrí) was a Persian religious leader of Azali Bábism also known as the Bayání Faith.

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Sufi Amba Prasad

Amba Prasad, (1858–21 Jan 1917) also known as Sufi Amba Prasad, was an Indian nationalist and pan-Islamist leader notable for his involvement in the agrarian unrest in Punjab in 1907 and subsequently in the Revolutionary movement for Indian independence.

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Sultan Amir Ahmad Bathhouse

Sultan Amir Ahmad Bathhouse (Hammam-e Sultan Amir Ahmad), also known as the Qasemi Bathhouse, is a traditional Iranian public bathhouse in Kashan, Iran.

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Syed Ali Damad

Seyyed Ali Tabrizi (سید علی تبریزی.) (born 1881 - died 1957), known as Seyyed Ali Damad of constitutionalists, was from Iran.

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Symbols of Islam

Designs used as symbols of Islam include calligraphy of important concepts or phrases, such as the shahada, takbir, basmala, etc.; besides this the colour green is often used as symbolising Islam.

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Symphonic music in Iran

Symphonic music in Iran encompasses Iranian musical pieces composed in the symphonic style.

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Tabriz

Tabriz (تبریز; تبریز) is the most populated city in Iranian Azerbaijan, one of the historical capitals of Iran and the present capital of East Azerbaijan province.

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Tabriz Khanate

The Tabriz khanate was one of the Caucasian khanates, located in historic Azerbaijan which became for nearly fifty years semi-independent from the Iranian mothercountry.

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Tabriziha Mosque

The Tabriziha mosque is a historical mosque in Kashan, Iran.

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Taj Al-Duleh

Taj Al-Duleh (?–1881) was the forty second wife of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar and a poet.

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Takht-e Foulad

Takht-e Foulad(تخته فولاد) is a historical cemetery in Isfahan, Iran.

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Tangeh Savashi

Tangeh Savashi (Persian: تنگ ساواشی) or Tangeh Vashi (Persian: تنگ واشی) is a gorge and mountain pass in the Alborz range of Iran (Persia).

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Taq Bostan

Taq-e Bostan (طاق بستان, تاقوەسان) means "Arch of the Garden" or "Arch made by stone" is a site with a series of large rock reliefs from the era of Sassanid Empire of Persia (Iran), carved around 4th century AD.

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Tashir

Tashir (Տաշիր), is a town and urban municipal community located in Lori Province at the north of Armenia, near the border with Georgia.

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Tat people (Caucasus)

The Tat people (also: Tati, Parsi, Daghli, Lohijon, Caucasian Persians, Transcaucasian Persians) are an Iranian people, presently living within Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Russia (mainly Southern Dagestan).

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Tavush Province

Tavush (Տավուշ), is a province of Armenia.

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Tayebi family

Descendants of the Qajar Dynasty through Prince Hessam-ol-Saltaneh, son of the Persian Crown Prince Abbas Mirza.

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Táhirih

Tahereh (Tāhirih) (طاهره, "The Pure One," also called Qurrat al-ʿAyn ("Solace/Consolation of the Eyes") are both titles of Fatimah Baraghani/Umm-i-Salmih|"Fatima Begum Zarin Tajj Umm Salmih Baraghani Qazvini" |www.geni.com |url.

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Tbilisi

Tbilisi (თბილისი), in some countries also still named by its pre-1936 international designation Tiflis, is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million people.

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Tehran

Tehran (تهران) is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province.

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Tehran Province

Tehran Province (استان تهران Ostān-e Tehrān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Tehran Zoological Garden

The Tehran Zoological Garden, also known as Eram Zoo, is located 4 kilometer on the Tehran - Karaj Expressway in the Eram amusement Park.

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Tekyeh

Tekyeh (Persian: تکیه) is a place where Shiite gather for mourning of Muharram.

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Tekyeh Biglarbeygi

Tekyeh Biglarbeygi is a Tekyeh located in Kermanshah.

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Tekyeh Dowlat

Tekyeh Dowlat (تکیه دولت) was a Royal Theater in Tehran, Iran.

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Tekyeh Moaven al-molk

Tekyeh Moaven al-molk (Persian:تکیه معاون الملک) is a Tekyeh and historical place located in Kermanshah city of Iran.

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Telimxan

Telim Xan or Tilim Khan (حكيم تليم خان) (1906 – 1829), was an Iranian Azerbaijani poet, who wrote in Azerbaijani and Persian.

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Territorial evolution of Russia

Territorial changes of Russia happened by means of military conquest and by ideological and political unions in the course of over five centuries (1533-today).

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The Doshan Tappeh Street

The Doshan Tappeh Street is a painting by the Iranian realism painter Kamal-ol-molk with oil on cotton duck.

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The Great Game

"The Great Game" was a political and diplomatic confrontation that existed for most of the nineteenth century between the British Empire and the Russian Empire over Afghanistan and neighbouring territories in Central and Southern Asia.

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The Know-It-All

The Know-It-All: One Man's Humble Quest to Become the Smartest Person in the World is a book by Esquire editor A. J. Jacobs, published in 2004.

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Three Hundred Aragvians

The Three Hundred Aragvians (სამასი არაგველი, samasi aragveli) is the name by which the Georgian historiography refers to a detachment of the highlanders from the Aragvi valley who fought the last stand at the battle of Krtsanisi, defending Tbilisi against the invading Qajar army in 1795.

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Tile

A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, or even glass, generally used for covering roofs, floors, walls, showers, or other objects such as tabletops.

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Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom

The abolition of slavery occurred at different times in different countries.

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Timeline of Armenian history

This is a timeline of Armenian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Armenia and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of Asian nations

This table is under construction.

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Timeline of Georgian (country) history

This is a timeline of Georgian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Georgia and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of Kurdish uprisings

This is an incomplete list of Kurdish uprisings.

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Timeline of Shiraz

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Shiraz, Iran.

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Timeline of Tabriz

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Tabriz, capital of East Azerbaijan Province in Iran.

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Timeline of the 19th century

This is a timeline of the 19th century.

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Timeline of the 20th century

This is a timeline of the 20th century.

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Tinco Martinus Lycklama à Nijeholt

Tinco Martinus Lycklama à Nijeholt (9 July 1837, Beetsterzwaag - 7 December 1900, Cannes) was a Frisian aristocrat, adventurer, writer and socialite, also considered one of the first Dutch orientalists.

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Tobacco Protest

The Persian Tobacco Protest (Persian: نهضت تنباکو nehzat-e tanbāku), was a Shi'a revolt in Iran against an 1890 tobacco concession granted by Nasir al-Din Shah of Persia to Great Britain.

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Tomb of Ferdowsi

Tomb of Ferdowsi (آرامگاه فردوسی) is a tomb complex composed of a white marble base, and a decorative edifice erected in honor of the Persian poet Ferdowsi located in Tus, Iran, in Razavi Khorasan province.

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Tonekabon

Shahsavar (تنكابن, also Romanized as Tonekābon; formerly known as Shahsavar (Persian: شَهسَوار), also Romanized as Shahsavār and Shahsawār) is a city and capital of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, northern Iran.

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Touba and the Meaning of Night

Touba and the Meaning of Night (طوبی و معنای شب) is a novel written by the Iranian novelist, Shahrnush Parsipur and originally published in Iran in 1989.

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Traditional Persian residential architecture

Traditional Persian residential architecture, is the architecture employed by builders and craftsmen in the cultural Greater Iran and the surrounding regions to construct vernacular houses.

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Transcaucasia

Transcaucasia (Закавказье), or the South Caucasus, is a geographical region in the vicinity of the southern Caucasus Mountains on the border of Eastern Europe and Western Asia.

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Travelogue of Haj Ayaz Khan Qashqai

This Travelogues is written by Haj Ayaz Khan, one of Qashqai khans.

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Treasury of Bahman Mirza

Treasury of Bahman Mirza (Bəhmən Mirzə xəzinəsi), also called Bahman Mirza Mausoleum (Bəhmən Mirzə xəzinəsi məqbərəsi) is a tomb which was built in honor of the Prince Bahman Mirza Qajar from imperial Turkic speaking Qajar Dynasty of Iran who was a prominent politician in the 19th century Persian Empire and historian.

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Treaties of Erzurum

The Treaties of Erzurum were two treaties of 1823 and 1847 that settled boundary disputes between the Ottoman Empire and Persia.

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Treaty of Akhal

The Treaty of Akhal was a treaty signed by Persia and Imperial Russia on 21 September 1881.

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Treaty of Georgievsk

The Treaty of Georgievsk (Георгиевский трактат, Georgievskiy traktat; გეორგიევსკის ტრაქტატი, georgievskis trakt'at'i) was a bilateral treaty concluded between the Russian Empire and the east Georgian kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti on July 24, 1783.

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Treaty of Gulistan

The Treaty of Gulistan (Гюлистанский договор; عهدنامه گلستان) was a peace treaty concluded between Imperial Russia and Persia (modern day Iran) on 24 October 1813 in the village of Gulistan (in modern-day Goranboy Rayon of Azerbaijan) as a result of the first full-scale Russo-Persian War, lasting from 1804 to 1813.

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Treaty of Turkmenchay

The Treaty of Turkmenchay (Туркманчайский договор, عهدنامه ترکمنچای) was an agreement between Persia (Iran) and the Russian Empire, which concluded the Russo-Persian War (1826–28). It was signed on 10 February 1828 in Torkamanchay, Iran. By the treaty, Persia ceded to Russia control of several areas in the South Caucasus: the Erivan Khanate, the Nakhchivan Khanate, and the remainder of the Talysh Khanate. The boundary between Russian and Persia was set at the Aras River. These territories comprise modern-day Armenia, the southern parts of the modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan, as well as Iğdır Province (now part of Turkey). The treaty was signed for Persia by Crown Prince Abbas Mirza and Allah-Yar Khan Asaf al-Daula, chancellor to Shah Fath Ali (of the Qajar Dynasty), and for Russia by General Ivan Paskievich. Like the 1813 Treaty of Gulistan, this treaty was imposed by Russia, following military victory over Persia. Paskievich threatened to occupy Tehran in five days unless the treaty was signed. By this final treaty of 1828 and the 1813 Gulistan treaty, Russia had finalised conquering all the Caucasus territories from Iran, comprising modern-day Dagestan, eastern Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia, all which had formed part of its very concept for centuries. The area to the North of the river Aras, amongst which the territory of the contemporary nations of Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia and the North Caucasian Republic of Dagestan were Iranian territory until they were occupied by Russia in the course of the 19th century. As a further direct result and consequence of the two treaties, the formerly Iranian territories became now part of Russia for around the next 180 years, except Dagestan, which has remained a Russian possession ever since. Out of the greater part of the territory, three separate nations would be formed through the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, namely Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia.

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Tricolour (flag)

A tricolour or tricolor is a type of flag or banner design with a triband design which originated in the 16th century as a symbol of republicanism, liberty or indeed revolution.

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Tsaghkadzor

Tsaghkadzor (Ծաղկաձոր, also Romanized as Tsakhkadzor), is a spa town and urban municipal community, as well as one of the most popular health resorts in Armenia, located north of the capital Yerevan in the Kotayk Province.

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Tudeh Party of Iran

The Tudeh Party of Iran (lit) is an Iranian communist party.

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Tughra

A tughra (طغرا tuğrâ) is a calligraphic monogram, seal or signature of a sultan that was affixed to all official documents and correspondence.

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Turkey

Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.

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Turkish Kurdistan

Turkish Kurdistan, or Northern Kurdistan (Bakurê Kurdistanê), refers to portions of Turkey's Eastern Anatolia Region and Southeastern Anatolia Region where Kurds form the predominant ethnic group.

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Turkmen Sahra

Turkmen Sahra (ترکمن صحرا) is a region in the northeast of Iran near the Caspian Sea, bordering Turkmenistan, the majority of whose inhabitants are ethnic Turkmen.

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Twelver

Twelver (translit; شیعه دوازده‌امامی) or Imamiyyah (إمامية) is the largest branch of Shia Islam.

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Two domes of Kukherd

The Two domes of Kukherd in Kukherd District (from دوكنبدان ـ قبتين, in دوگنبدان كوخرد.), date back from the time of the Qajar dynasty (1785–1925).

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Ulama

The Arabic term ulama (علماء., singular عالِم, "scholar", literally "the learned ones", also spelled ulema; feminine: alimah and uluma), according to the Encyclopedia of Islam (2000), in its original meaning "denotes scholars of almost all disciplines".

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Ulmus minor 'Umbraculifera'

The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Umbraculifera' was originally cultivated in Iran, where it was widely planted as an ornamental and occasionally grew to a great size, being known there as 'Nalband' نعلبند.

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Urmia

Urmia (Urmiya, اورمیه; ܐܘܪܡܝܐ; ارومیه (Variously transliterated as Oroumieh, Oroumiyeh, Orūmīyeh and Urūmiyeh); Ûrmiye, ورمێ) is the largest city in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran and the capital of Urmia County.

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Urmia Orthodokseta

Urmia Orthodokseta ("Orthodox Urmia"; translit) was a magazine published every month from 1904 to 1914 in Urmia, Qajar Iran by the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission.

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Vagharshapat

Vagharshapat (Վաղարշապատ), is the 4th-largest city in Armenia and the most populous municipal community of Armavir Province, by about west of the capital Yerevan, and north of the closed Turkish-Armenian border.

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Vakil Mosque

The Vakil Mosque (مسجد وکیل. - Masjed-e Vakil) is a mosque in Shiraz, southern Iran, situated to the west of the Vakil Bazaar next to its entrance.

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Valentin Zhukovski

Photography Valentin Alekseevich Zhukovski (May 6, 1858 – January 17, 1918) (Russian: Жуковский, Валентин Алексеевич) was a famous Russian orientalist, who wrote many books and articles on the subject.

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Valerian Zubov

Count Valerian Aleksandrovich Zubov (1771–1804) was a Russian general who led the Persian Expedition of 1796.

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Vali (governor)

Wāli or vali (from Arabic والي Wāli) is an administrative title that was used during the Caliphate and Ottoman Empire to designate governors of administrative divisions.

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Van Province

Van Province (Armenian:Վան Van ili) is a province in eastern Turkey, between Lake Van and the Iranian border. It is 19,069 km2 in area and had a population of 1,035,418 at the end of 2010. Its adjacent provinces are Bitlis to the west, Siirt to the southwest, Şırnak and Hakkâri to the south, and Ağrı to the north. The capital is the city of Van. The majority of the province's population is Kurdish. and has a sizeable Azerbaijani minority (Küresünni).

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Vayk

Vayk (Վայք), is a town and the centre of the urban community of Vayk in Vayots Dzor Province at the south of Armenia.

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Vayots Dzor Province

Vayots Dzor (Վայոց Ձոր), is a province of Armenia.

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Victor Emmanuel III of Italy

Victor Emmanuel III (Vittorio Emanuele Ferdinando Maria Gennaro di Savoia; Vittorio Emanuele III, Viktor Emanueli III; 11 November 1869 – 28 December 1947) was the King of Italy from 29 July 1900 until his abdication on 9 May 1946.

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Visitor attractions of Tabriz

Bridges (Historical).

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Vizier

A vizier (rarely; وزير wazīr; وازیر vazīr; vezir; Chinese: 宰相 zǎixiàng; উজির ujira; Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu): वज़ीर or وزیر vazeer; Punjabi: ਵਜ਼ੀਰ or وزير vazīra, sometimes spelt vazir, vizir, vasir, wazir, vesir or vezir) is a high-ranking political advisor or minister.

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Vossug ed Dowleh

Hassan Vossug ed Dowleh (حسن وثوق‌الدوله; 1 April 1868–3 February 1951) was Prime Minister of Qajar era Iran.

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Vsevolod Starosselsky

Vsevolod Starosselsky (Vsevolod Dmitryevich Staroselsky, Все́волод Дми́триевич Старосе́льский; 7 March 1875 – 29 June 1953) was a Russian military officer of Russian and Georgian noble background, known for his role in the aftermath of the Persian Constitutional Revolution as a commander of the Persian Cossack Brigade from 1918 to 1920.

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Werndl–Holub rifle

The M1867 Werndl–Holub was a single-shot breechloading rifle that the Austro-Hungarian army adopted in 1867.

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Western Armenia

Western Armenia (Western Armenian: Արեւմտեան Հայաստան, Arevmdian Hayasdan) is a term used to refer to eastern parts of Turkey (formerly the Ottoman Empire) that were part of the historical homeland of Armenians.

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Western Azerbaijan (political concept)

Western Azerbaijan (Qərbi Azərbaycan) is an irredentist political concept that is used in the Republic of Azerbaijan mostly to refer to the territory of the Republic of Armenia.

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Western imperialism in Asia

Western imperialism in Asia as presented in this article pertains to Western European entry into what was first called the East Indies.

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William Abbott Oldfather

William Abbott Oldfather (23 October 1880 – 27 May 1945) was an American classical scholar.

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William Baffin

William Baffin (– 23 January 1622) was an English navigator and explorer.

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William Cormick

William Cormick (born 1822, Tabriz — died 30 December 1877), was a physician in Qajar Iran of British origin during the reigns of Mohammad Shah Qajar (1834-1848) and Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (1848-1896).

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William Melville

William Melville (25 April 1850 – 1 February 1918) was an Irish law enforcement officer and the first chief of the British Secret Service Bureau.

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William Morgan Shuster

William Morgan Shuster (23 February 1877 in Washington, D.C. – 26 May 1960 in New York City), was an American lawyer, civil servant, and publisher, who is best known as the treasurer-general of Persia by appointment of the Iranian parliament, or Majles, from May to December 1911.

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William Windsor (goat)

William "Billy" Windsor I is a cashmere goat who served as a lance corporal in the 1st Battalion, the Royal Welsh, an infantry battalion of the British Army.

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Windsor Shahnameh

The Windsor Shahnameh or Shahnameh of Qarajaghay Khan (شاهنامه قرچغای خان) is an illustrated manuscript of the Shahnameh, the national epic of Greater Iran.

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Women in Constitutional Revolution

The Iranian women participated actively in constitutional struggles.

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Women in Iran

Women in Iran discusses the history, contribution, aspects, and roles of women in Iran.

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Women's rights in Iran

In the Annals of history dating back to the great Achaemenid Empire (2000 – 550 BCE), women in Iran have, for the most part, been subordinate to men.

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Wounds of Armenia

Wounds of Armenia (Վերք Հայաստանի Verk Hayastani) is an 1841 historical novel by Khachatur Abovian.

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Xiyue Wang

Xiyue Wang (born c. 1980) is an American PhD candidate in the Department of History at Princeton University.

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Yadgar-i-Bahaduri

Yadgar-i-Bahaduri ("The Memorial of Bahadur") is an Indian Persian language encyclopaedia of history, geography, science and art.

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Yaghmai

Yaghmaei, also spelled Yaghmaie, Yaghmae, and Yaghmai, (یغمائی/یغمایی) is a large and well known Iranian family descended from Yaghma Jandaghi (1781-1859), a well-known poet living during the time of Mohammad Shah Qajar of the Qajar dynasty in the early 19th century.

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Yazd

Yazd (یزد), formerly also known as Yezd, is the capital of Yazd Province, Iran.

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Yeprem Khan

Yeprem Khan (Եփրեմ Խան; 1868–1912), born Yeprem Davidian (Եփրեմ Դավթյան, یپرم‌خان داویدیان), was an Iranian-Armenian revolutionary leader and a leading figure in the Constitutional Revolution of Iran.

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Yerevan

Yerevan (Երևան, sometimes spelled Erevan) is the capital and largest city of Armenia as well as one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities.

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Yevstafii Skryplev

Yevstafii Vasilievich Skryplev (Евстафий Васильевич Скрыплев) was a Russian military officer that defected to Qajar Iran, where he became commander of the Bogatyr battalion of the Qajar army.

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Yusef Khan-e Gorji

Yusef Khan Gorji (also spelled Yūsof; یوسف خان گرجی; died 1824) was a Qajar Iranian military leader and official of Georgian origin.

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Zafar Hilaly

Zafar Ali Hilaly (Urdu:ظفر ہلالی), born 1942, is a Pakistani political analyst and diplomat who has previously served as his country's ambassador to Yemen, Nigeria, and from February 2001 Italy.

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Zahra Khanom Tadj es-Saltaneh

'Taj Saltaneh or Tāj al-Salṭanah (1883 – 25 January 1936) (تاج السلطنه.) was a Persian princess and memoirist of the Qajar Dynasty, a daughter of Naser al-Din Shah, the King of Persia from 1843 to May 1896 by his wife Turan es-Saltaneh.

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Zaki Khan Zand

Zaki Khan Zand (died June 6, 1779) was an Iranian military commander and contender for the throne.

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Zaman Shah Durrani

Shah Zaman Durrani, (Pashto, Persian, Urdu, Arabic), (c. 1770 – 1844) was ruler of the Durrani Empire from 1793 until 1800.

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Zand dynasty

The Zand dynasty (سلسله زندیه) was an Iranian dynasty of Lak a branch of Lurs origin founded by Karim Khan Zand that initially ruled southern and central Iran in the 18th century.

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Zand tribe

The Zand tribe was a tribe of Lak origin,...the bulk of the evidence points to their being one of Lak tribes, who may originally have been immigrants of Kurdish origin., Peter Avery, William Bayne Fisher, Gavin Hambly, Charles Melville (ed.), The Cambridge History of Iran: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic, Cambridge University Press, 1991,, a branch of Lur Persians who may have been originally Kurdish, though there isn't enough evidence to suggest such a thing as fact.

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Zanjan, Iran

Zanjan (Persian: زنجان,; Azerbaijani: زنگان) is the capital of Zanjan Province in Iranian Azerbaijan.

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Zarrinnaal

Zarrinnaal or Zarrin Naal (Persian: زرين نعل) is the name of a dynasty of Persian-Kurdish tribal chiefs and state officials belonging to the Zarrin Kafsh tribe and originated from Sanandaj in the Iranian Kurdistan Province.

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Zār

In the cultures of the Horn of Africa and adjacent regions of the Middle East, Zār (زار, ዛር) is the term for a demon or spirit assumed to possess individuals, mostly women, and to cause discomfort or illness.

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Zeynab Pasha

Zeynab Pasha (also known as Zeinab Pasha) was an Iranian woman who lived during the Qajar dynasty in late 19th century.

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Zia'eddin Tabatabaee

Seyyed Zia'eddin Tabatabaee (June 1889 – August 29, 1969) (سید ضیاءالدین طباطبایی) was an Iranian politician and the Prime Minister of Iran (Persia) from February to May 1921 under Ahmad Shah, the last Shah of the Qajar dynasty.

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Zonuz

Zonouz (زنوز; zunuz; also Romanized as Zunus) is a city in the Central District of Marand County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Zoroastrian Trust Funds of Europe

The Zoroastrian Trust Funds of Europe (ZTFE) is a religious, cultural and social organisation for Zoroastrians residing in the United Kingdom and Europe.

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Zoroastrianism in India

Zoroastrianism in India has significant history within the country.

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Zoroastrians in Iran

Zoroastrians are the oldest religious community of Iran.

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Zulfiqar

Zulfiqar (ذو الفقار Ḏū-l-Faqār or Ḏū-l-Fiqār) is the name of the sword of Ali ibn Abi Talib which is said to have been given to him by the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, according to Shi'ite tradition.

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1797 in Iran

The following lists events that have happened in 1797 in the Qajar dynasty, Iran.

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1800s (decade)

The 1800s decade lasted from January 1, 1800, to December 31, 1809.

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1804 in Iran

The following lists events that have happened in 1804 in the Qajar dynasty.

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1807 in France

Events from the year 1807 in France.

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1808 in Iran

The following lists events that have happened in 1808 in the Sublime State of Persia.

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1810s

The 1810s decade ran from January 1, 1810, to December 31, 1819.

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1820s

The 1820s decade ran from January 1, 1820, to December 31, 1829.

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1830s

The 1830s decade ran from January 1, 1830, to December 31, 1839.

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1832 Georgian plot

1832 Georgian plot (1832 წლის შეთქმულება) was a conspiracy involving Georgian royalty and nobility to restore Georgian statehood and its Bagrationi dynasty monarchy.

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1834 in Iran

The following lists events that have happened in 1834 in the Qajar dynasty, Iran.

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1840s

The 1840s was a decade that ran from January 1, 1840, to December 31, 1849.

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1847

No description.

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1850s

The 1850s was a decade that ran from January 1, 1850, to December 31, 1859.

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1860s

The 1860s was the ten-year period from the years 1860 to 1869.

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1870s

The 1870s continued the trends of the previous decade, as new empires, imperialism and militarism rose in Europe and Asia.

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1880s

The 1880s was a decade that began on January 1, 1880, and ended on December 31, 1889.

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1890s

The 1890s was the ten-year period from the years 1890 to 1899.

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1896 in Afghanistan

Related to 1896 in Afghanistan: Negotiations are going on between the Indian government and the amir tending to the appointment of a joint commission for determining the last of Indo-Afghan frontier yet unsettled, from Landi Kotal in the Khyber to Nawar Kotal on the Kunar River.

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18th century

The 18th century lasted from January 1, 1701 to December 31, 1800 in the Gregorian calendar.

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1900s (decade)

The 1900s (pronounced "nineteen-hundreds") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1900, and ended on December 31, 1909.

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1901

No description.

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1902 Coronation Honours

The 1902 Coronation Honours were announced on 26 June 1902, the date originally set for the coronation of King Edward VII.

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1903 in Afghanistan

The following lists events that happened during 1903 in Afghanistan.

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1909

No description.

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1909 in Iran

The following lists events that have happened in 1909 in the Qajar dynasty, Iran.

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1910 Shiraz blood libel

The 1910 Shiraz blood libel was a pogrom of the Jewish quarter in Shiraz, Iran, on October 30, 1910, organized by the apostate Qavam family and sparked by accusations that the Jews had ritually killed a Muslim girl.

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1910s

The 1910s (pronounced "nineteen-tens", also abbreviated as the "teens") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1910, and ended on December 31, 1919.

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1911 Russian invasion of Tabriz

Russian invasion of Tabriz (1911) refers to the attack and invasion of the city of Tabriz in the north western part of Iran in December 1911 by Imperial Russia.

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1913 in Ireland

Events from the year 1913 in Ireland.

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1920s

The 1920s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1920, and ended on December 31, 1929.

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1921

No description.

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1921 Persian coup d'état

1921 Persian coup d'état, known in Iran as 3 Esfand coup d'état (کودتای ۳ اسفند ۱۲۹۹), refers to several major events in Persia (Iran) in 1921, which eventually led to the establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty as the ruling house of the country in 1925.

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1923

No description.

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1926 Shikak revolt

1926 Simko Shikak revolt refers to a short-timed Kurdish uprising against the Pahlavi dynasty of Iran in 1926, led by Kurdish chieftain Simko Shikak from Shikak tribe.

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1930 in Iran

The following lists events that have happened in 1930 in Iran.

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1953 Iranian coup d'état

The 1953 Iranian coup d'état, known in Iran as the 28 Mordad coup d'état (کودتای ۲۸ مرداد), was the overthrow of the democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh in favour of strengthening the monarchical rule of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi on 19 August 1953, orchestrated by the United Kingdom (under the name "Operation Boot") and the United States (under the name TPAJAX Project or "Operation Ajax").

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19th century

The 19th century was a century that began on January 1, 1801, and ended on December 31, 1900.

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1st Congress of the Comintern

The 1st Congress of the Comintern was an international gathering of communist, revolutionary socialist, and syndicalist delegates held in Moscow which established the Communist International (Comintern).

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2011 in Iran

Events in the year 2011 in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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2nd Iranian Majlis

2nd Iranian Majlis was commenced on 15 November 1909 and ended on 25 December 1911.

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3rd Iranian Majlis

3rd Iranian Majlis was commenced on 6 December 1914 and ended on 13 November 1915.

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Redirects here:

Iran under Qajar dynasty, Kadjar, Kadjar dynasty, Persia under Qajar dynasty, Qadjar, Qadjar emperor, Qajar, Qajar Dynasty, Qajar Empire, Qajar Iran, Qajar Persia, Qajar era, Qajarid, Qajars, Qajjar dynasty, Qajár dynasty, Qujar, Quvanlu Qajars, Sublime State of Iran, Sublime State of Persia.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qajar_dynasty