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112 relations: Abu Sulayman Sijistani, Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī, Adam Ferguson, Agnosticism, Alethiology, Anarchism, Anarchism and capitalism, Anarchist schools of thought, Anarchy, Anti-psychologism, Ashʿari, Atheism, Averroism, Ayn Rand, Bartholomäus Keckermann, Bernard Bolzano, Brethren of Purity, Byzantine philosophy, Consciousness, Contemporary anarchism, Cosmology in medieval Islam, Criticism of atheism, Dartmouth Medal, Debates within libertarianism, Diogenes Laërtius, Dionysius of Chalcedon, Early Islamic philosophy, Eclecticism, Edward Craig (philosopher), Encyclopedia of Ethics, Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity, Europeanism, Existence of God, Existential phenomenology, Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Fideism, Free will, Galen Strawson, Gaston Bachelard, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Geyi, Glossary of philosophy, God, Helena Blavatsky, Hikmah, History of anarchism, History of scientific method, Ibn al-Haytham, Index of philosophical literature, ..., Index of philosophy articles (R–Z), Indian logic, Individualism, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Islamic philosophy, Issues in anarchism, Lebensphilosophie, List of encyclopedias by branch of knowledge, List of fictional anarchists, List of German-language philosophers, List of Muslim philosophers, List of online encyclopedias, List of philosophers (A–C), List of philosophers (D–H), List of philosophers (I–Q), List of philosophers (R–Z), List of philosophers born in the 11th through 14th centuries, List of philosophers born in the 15th and 16th centuries, List of philosophers born in the 17th century, List of philosophers born in the 18th century, List of philosophers born in the 19th century, List of philosophers born in the 1st through 10th centuries, List of philosophers born in the 20th century, List of philosophers born in the centuries BC, List of women philosophers, Logic in Islamic philosophy, Marsilius of Inghen, Martin Heidegger, Michael of Ephesus, Mixed economy, Multiverse (religion), Norman Kretzmann, Objectivism (Ayn Rand), Outline of anarchism, Outline of atheism, Outline of philosophy, Philebus, Philosophers and Philosophicules, Philosophy of religion, Polymath, Postmodern philosophy, Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar, Quantum logic, Rep, Routledge, Social alienation, Social democracy, Socialism, Spiritualism (philosophy), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Steven Kuhn, Stoicism, Tafsir al-Kabir (al-Razi), Teleological argument, The Virtue of Selfishness, Theism, Theosophical mysticism, Timeline of cosmological theories, Types of socialism, Victor Cousin, Yohanan Alemanno, 10th century in literature. Expand index (62 more) »
Abu Sulayman Sijistani
Abu Sulayman Muhammad Sijistani, (ابوسلیمان سجستانی) also called al-Mantiqi (the Logician) (c. 932 – c. 1000 CE), named for his origins in Sijistan or Sistan province in present-day Iran, became the leading Persian philosopher of Islamic humanism in the Baghdad of his time.
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Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī
Abu'l-Barakāt Hibat Allah ibn Malkā al-Baghdādī (أبو البركات هبة الله بن ملكا البغدادي; c. 1080 – 1164 or 1165 CE) was an Islamic philosopher and physician of Jewish descent from Baghdad, Iraq.
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Adam Ferguson
Adam Ferguson, FRSE (Scottish Gaelic: Adhamh MacFhearghais), also known as Ferguson of Raith (1 JulyGregorian Calendar/20 JuneJulian Calendar 1723 – 22 February 1816), was a Scottish philosopher and historian of the Scottish Enlightenment.
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Agnosticism
Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God, of the divine or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable.
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Alethiology
Alethiology (or alethology, "the study of aletheia") literally means 'the study of truth', but can more accurately be translated as 'the study of the nature of truth'.
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Anarchism
Anarchism is a political philosophy that advocates self-governed societies based on voluntary institutions.
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Anarchism and capitalism
Anarchism is generally defined as the political philosophy which holds the state to be undesirable, unnecessary and harmful, The following sources cite anarchism as a political philosophy: Slevin, Carl.
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Anarchist schools of thought
Anarchism is generally defined as the political philosophy which holds the state to be undesirable, unnecessary and harmful, The following sources cite anarchism as a political philosophy: Slevin, Carl.
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Anarchy
Anarchy is the condition of a society, entity, group of people, or a single person that rejects hierarchy.
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Anti-psychologism
In logic, anti-psychologism (also logical objectivism or logical realism) is a theory about the nature of logical truth, that it does not depend upon the contents of human ideas but exists independent of human ideas.
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Ashʿari
Ashʿarism or Ashʿari theology (الأشعرية al-ʾAšʿarīyya or الأشاعرة al-ʾAšāʿira) is the foremost theological school of Sunni Islam which established an orthodox dogmatic guideline based on clerical authority, founded by Abu al-Hasan al-Ashʿari (d. AD 936 / AH 324).
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Atheism
Atheism is, in the broadest sense, the absence of belief in the existence of deities.
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Averroism
Averroism refers to a school of medieval philosophy based on the application of the works of 12th-century Andalusian Islamic philosopher Averroes, a Muslim commentator on Aristotle, in 13th-century Latin Christian scholasticism.
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Ayn Rand
Ayn Rand (born Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum; – March 6, 1982) was a Russian-American writer and philosopher.
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Bartholomäus Keckermann
Bartholomäus Keckermann (c. 1572 – 25 August (or July) 1608) was a German writer, Calvinist theologian and philosopher.
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Bernard Bolzano
Bernard Bolzano (born Bernardus Placidus Johann Nepomuk Bolzano; 5 October 1781 – 18 December 1848) was a Bohemian mathematician, logician, philosopher, theologian and Catholic priest of Italian extraction, also known for his antimilitarist views.
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Brethren of Purity
The Brethren of Purity (Ikhwān Al-Ṣafā; also The Brethren of Sincerity) were a secret society of Muslim philosophers in Basra, Iraq, in the 8th or 10th century CE.
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Byzantine philosophy
Byzantine philosophy refers to the distinctive philosophical ideas of the philosophers and scholars of the Byzantine Empire, especially between the 8th and 15th centuries.
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Consciousness
Consciousness is the state or quality of awareness, or, of being aware of an external object or something within oneself.
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Contemporary anarchism
Anarchism is a political philosophy which holds the state to be undesirable, unnecessary, or harmful.
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Cosmology in medieval Islam
Islamic cosmology is the cosmology of Islamic societies.
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Criticism of atheism
Criticism of atheism is criticism of the concepts, validity, or impact of atheism, including associated political and social implications.
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Dartmouth Medal
The Dartmouth Medal of the American Library Association is awarded annually to a reference work of outstanding quality and significance, published during the previous calendar year.
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Debates within libertarianism
Libertarianism is variously defined by sources as there is no general consensus among scholars on the definition nor on how one should use the term as a historical category.
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Diogenes Laërtius
Diogenes Laërtius (Διογένης Λαέρτιος, Diogenēs Laertios) was a biographer of the Greek philosophers.
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Dionysius of Chalcedon
Dionysius of Chalcedon (Διονύσιος; fl. 320 BC) was a Greek philosopher and dialectician connected with the Megarian school.
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Early Islamic philosophy
Early Islamic philosophy or classical Islamic philosophy is a period of intense philosophical development beginning in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar (early 9th century CE) and lasting until the 6th century AH (late 12th century CE).
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Eclecticism
Eclecticism is a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas to gain complementary insights into a subject, or applies different theories in particular cases.
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Edward Craig (philosopher)
Edward John Craig (born 26 March 1942) is an English academic philosopher, editor of the Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, and former Knightbridge Professor of Philosophy at the University of Cambridge.
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Encyclopedia of Ethics
The Encyclopedia of Ethics is a scholarly work with the original focus on ethical theory.
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Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Encyclopedia of Philosophy is one of the major English encyclopedias of philosophy.
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Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
The Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity (رسائل إخوان الصفا) also variously known as the Epistles of the Brethren of Sincerity, Epistles of the Brethren of Purity and Epistles of the Brethren of Purity and Loyal Friends was a large encyclopedia"The work only professes to be an epitome, an outline; its authors lay claim to no originality, they only summarize what others have thought and discovered.
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Europeanism
Europeanism is a political neologism, coined in c. 2002 by the "Center for Dialogue and Universalism" at Warsaw University, coined for ideological support for the process of European integration as pursued by the European Union.
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Existence of God
The existence of God is a subject of debate in the philosophy of religion and popular culture.
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Existential phenomenology
Existential phenomenology is Martin Heidegger's brand of phenomenology.
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Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī or Fakhruddin Razi (فخر الدين رازي) was an Iranian Sunni Muslim theologian and philosopher He was born in 1149 in Rey (in modern-day Iran), and died in 1209 in Herat (in modern-day Afghanistan).
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Fideism
Fideism is an epistemological theory which maintains that faith is independent of reason, or that reason and faith are hostile to each other and faith is superior at arriving at particular truths (see natural theology).
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Free will
Free will is the ability to choose between different possible courses of action unimpeded.
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Galen Strawson
Galen John Strawson (born 1952) is a British analytic philosopher and literary critic who works primarily on philosophy of mind, metaphysics (including free will, panpsychism, the mind-body problem, and the self), John Locke, David Hume, Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Nietzsche.
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Gaston Bachelard
Gaston Bachelard (27 June 1884 – 16 October 1962) was a French philosopher.
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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770 – November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher and the most important figure of German idealism.
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Geyi
Geyi ("categorizing concepts") originated as a 3rd-century Chinese Buddhist method for explaining lists of Sanskrit terms from the Buddhist canon with comparable lists from Chinese classics; but many 20th-century scholars of Buddhism misconstrued geyi "matching concepts" as a supposed method of translating Sanskrit technical terminology with Chinese Daoist vocabulary (such as rendering Śūnyatā "emptiness" with Wu 無 "without").
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Glossary of philosophy
A glossary of terms used in philosophy.
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God
In monotheistic thought, God is conceived of as the Supreme Being and the principal object of faith.
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Helena Blavatsky
Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (Еле́на Петро́вна Блава́тская, Yelena Petrovna Blavatskaya; 8 May 1891) was a Russian occultist, philosopher, and author who co-founded the Theosophical Society in 1875.
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Hikmah
Hikmah (also Hikmat, حكمة,, literally wisdom, philosophy; rationale, underlying reason) is a concept in Islamic philosophy and law.
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History of anarchism
Anarchism is a political philosophy that advocates stateless societies often defined as self-governed voluntary institutions, but that several authors have defined as more specific institutions based on non-hierarchical free associations.
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History of scientific method
The history of scientific method considers changes in the methodology of scientific inquiry, as distinct from the history of science itself.
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Ibn al-Haytham
Hasan Ibn al-Haytham (Latinized Alhazen; full name أبو علي، الحسن بن الحسن بن الهيثم) was an Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age.
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Index of philosophical literature
This is a list of philosophical literature articles.
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Index of philosophy articles (R–Z)
No description.
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Indian logic
The development of Indian logic dates back to the anviksiki of Medhatithi Gautama (c. 6th century BCE) the Sanskrit grammar rules of Pāṇini (c. 5th century BCE); the Vaisheshika school's analysis of atomism (c. 6th century BCE to 2nd century BCE); the analysis of inference by Gotama (c. 6th century BC to 2nd century CE), founder of the Nyaya school of Hindu philosophy; and the tetralemma of Nagarjuna (c. 2nd century CE).
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Individualism
Individualism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual.
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Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (IEP) is a scholarly online encyclopedia, dealing with philosophy, philosophical topics, and philosophers.
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Islamic philosophy
In the religion of Islam, two words are sometimes translated as philosophy—falsafa (literally "philosophy"), which refers to philosophy as well as logic, mathematics, and physics; and Kalam (literally "speech"), which refers to a rationalist form of Islamic philosophy and theology based on the interpretations of Aristotelianism and Neoplatonism as developed by medieval Muslim philosophers.
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Issues in anarchism
Anarchism is generally defined as the political philosophy which holds the state to be undesirable, unnecessary and harmful, The following sources cite anarchism as a political philosophy: Slevin, Carl.
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Lebensphilosophie
Lebensphilosophie ("philosophy of life") is a philosophical school of thought which emphasises the meaning, value and purpose of life as the foremost focus of philosophy.
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List of encyclopedias by branch of knowledge
This is a list of notable encyclopedias sorted by branch of knowledge.
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List of fictional anarchists
This is a list of fictional anarchists, including the source material in which they are found, their creator(s), the individual(s) who interpreted them as anarchists during development (if not originally created as such), and short descriptions of each.
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List of German-language philosophers
This is a list of German-language philosophers.
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List of Muslim philosophers
Muslim philosophers both profess Islam and engage in a style of philosophy situated within the structure of Islamic culture, though not necessarily concerned with religious issues.
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List of online encyclopedias
This is a list of encyclopedias accessible on the Internet.
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List of philosophers (A–C)
No description.
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List of philosophers (D–H)
Philosophers (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically.
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List of philosophers (I–Q)
Philosophers (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically.
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List of philosophers (R–Z)
Philosophers (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically.
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List of philosophers born in the 11th through 14th centuries
Philosophers born in the 11th through 14th centuries (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically: See also.
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List of philosophers born in the 15th and 16th centuries
Philosophers born in the 15th and 16th centuries (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically: See also.
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List of philosophers born in the 17th century
Philosophers born in the 17th century (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically: See also.
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List of philosophers born in the 18th century
Philosophers born in the 18th century (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically: See also.
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List of philosophers born in the 19th century
Philosophers born in the 19th century (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically: See also.
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List of philosophers born in the 1st through 10th centuries
Philosophers born in the 1st through 10th centuries (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically: See also.
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List of philosophers born in the 20th century
Philosophers born in the 20th century (and others important in the history of philosophy) listed alphabetically.
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List of philosophers born in the centuries BC
Philosophers born in the centuries BC (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically: See also.
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List of women philosophers
This is a list of women philosophers ordered alphabetically by surname.
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Logic in Islamic philosophy
Early Islamic law placed importance on formulating standards of argument, which gave rise to a "novel approach to logic" (منطق manṭiq "speech, eloquence") in Kalam (Islamic scholasticism) However, with the rise of the Mu'tazili philosophers, who highly valued Aristotle's Organon, this approach was displaced by the older ideas from Hellenistic philosophy, The works of al-Farabi, Avicenna, al-Ghazali and other Persian Muslim logicians who often criticized and corrected Aristotelian logic and introduced their own forms of logic, also played a central role in the subsequent development of European logic during the Renaissance.
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Marsilius of Inghen
Marsilius of Inghen (c. 1340 – August 20, 1396) was a medieval Dutch Scholastic philosopher who studied with Albert of Saxony and Nicole Oresme under Jean Buridan.
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Martin Heidegger
Martin Heidegger (26 September 188926 May 1976) was a German philosopher and a seminal thinker in the Continental tradition and philosophical hermeneutics, and is "widely acknowledged to be one of the most original and important philosophers of the 20th century." Heidegger is best known for his contributions to phenomenology and existentialism, though as the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy cautions, "his thinking should be identified as part of such philosophical movements only with extreme care and qualification".
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Michael of Ephesus
Michael of Ephesus or Michael Ephesius (Μιχαήλ Ἐφέσιος; fl. early or mid-12th century AD) wrote important commentaries on Aristotle, including the first full commentary on the Sophistical Refutations, which established the regular study of that text.
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Mixed economy
A mixed economy is variously defined as an economic system blending elements of market economies with elements of planned economies, free markets with state interventionism, or private enterprise with public enterprise.
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Multiverse (religion)
A multiverse is the concept of a plurality of universes.
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Norman Kretzmann
Norman J. Kretzmann (4 November 1928 – 1 August 1998) was a Professor of Philosophy at Cornell University who specialised in the history of medieval philosophy and the philosophy of religion.
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Objectivism (Ayn Rand)
Objectivism is a philosophical system developed by Russian-American writer Ayn Rand (1905–1982).
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Outline of anarchism
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to anarchism: Anarchism is generally defined as the political philosophy which holds the state to be undesirable, unnecessary, and harmful, The following sources cite anarchism as a political philosophy: Slevin, Carl.
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Outline of atheism
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to atheism: Atheism – rejection of belief in the existence of deities.
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Outline of philosophy
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to philosophy: Philosophy – study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.
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Philebus
The Philebus (occasionally given as Philebos; Greek: Φίληβος), is one of the surviving Socratic dialogues written in the 4th century BC by the ancient Greek philosopher Plato.
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Philosophers and Philosophicules
"Philosophers and Philosophicules" is an editorial published in October 1889 in the theosophical magazine ''Lucifer''; it was compiled by Helena Blavatsky.
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Philosophy of religion
Philosophy of religion is "the philosophical examination of the central themes and concepts involved in religious traditions." These sorts of philosophical discussion are ancient, and can be found in the earliest known manuscripts concerning philosophy.
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Polymath
A polymath (πολυμαθής,, "having learned much,"The term was first recorded in written English in the early seventeenth century Latin: uomo universalis, "universal man") is a person whose expertise spans a significant number of different subject areas—such a person is known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems.
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Postmodern philosophy
Postmodern philosophy is a philosophical movement that arose in the second half of the 20th century as a critical response to assumptions allegedly present in modernist philosophical ideas regarding culture, identity, history, or language that were developed during the 18th-century Enlightenment.
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Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar
Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar (11 May 1922 – 21 October 1990), also known by his spiritual name, Shrii Shrii Ánandamúrti (Ánanda Múrti.
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Quantum logic
In quantum mechanics, quantum logic is a set of rules for reasoning about propositions that takes the principles of quantum theory into account.
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Rep
Rep, as a word, may refer to.
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Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
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Social alienation
Social alienation is "a condition in social relationships reflected by a low degree of integration or common values and a high degree of distance or isolation between individuals, or between an individual and a group of people in a community or work environment".
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Social democracy
Social democracy is a political, social and economic ideology that supports economic and social interventions to promote social justice within the framework of a liberal democratic polity and capitalist economy.
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Socialism
Socialism is a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.
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Spiritualism (philosophy)
In philosophy, spiritualism is the notion, shared by a wide variety of systems of thought, that there is an immaterial reality that cannot be perceived by the senses.
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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) combines an online encyclopedia of philosophy with peer-reviewed publication of original papers in philosophy, freely accessible to Internet users.
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Steven Kuhn
Steven Kuhn is a philosophy professor at Georgetown University.
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Stoicism
Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium in Athens in the early 3rd century BC.
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Tafsir al-Kabir (al-Razi)
Al-Tafsir al-Kabir, also known as Mafatih al-Ghayb, is a classical Islamic tafsir book, written by the Persian Islamic theologian and philosopher Muhammad ibn Umar Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (1149–1209).
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Teleological argument
The teleological or physico-theological argument, also known as the argument from design, or intelligent design argument is an argument for the existence of God or, more generally, for an intelligent creator based on perceived evidence of deliberate design in the natural world.
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The Virtue of Selfishness
The Virtue of Selfishness: A New Concept of Egoism is a 1964 collection of essays by Ayn Rand and Nathaniel Branden.
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Theism
Theism is broadly defined as the belief in the existence of the Supreme Being or deities.
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Theosophical mysticism
Within the system of Theosophy, developed by occultist Helena Blavatsky and others since the second half of the 19th century, Theosophical mysticism draws upon various existing disciplines and mystical models, including Neo-platonism, Gnosticism, Western esotericism, Freemasonry, Hinduism and Buddhism.
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Timeline of cosmological theories
This timeline of cosmological theories and discoveries is a chronological record of the development of humanity's understanding of the cosmos over the last two-plus millennia.
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Types of socialism
Socialism is a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.
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Victor Cousin
Victor Cousin (28 November 179214 January 1867) was a French philosopher.
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Yohanan Alemanno
Yohanan Alemanno (born in Constantinople or in Mantua, c. 1435 – died after 1504) was an Italian Jewish humanist philosopher and exegete, and teacher of the Hebrew language to Italian humanists including Pico della Mirandola.
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10th century in literature
This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in the 10th century.
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Redirects here:
Concise Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Shorter Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, The Concise Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, The Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, The Shorter Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy
