Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP;, Rossiyskaya sotsial-demokraticheskaya rabochaya partiya (RSDRP)), also known as the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party or the Russian Social Democratic Party, was a revolutionary socialist political party in Minsk, Belarus. ^[1]

Aaron Soltz

Aaron Aleksandrovich Soltz (Аарон Александрович Сольц; 10 March 1872 - 30 April 1945) was an Old Bolshevik and a Soviet politician and lawyer.

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Abram Deborin

Abram Moiseyevich Deborin (Joffe) (Абра́м Моисе́евич Дебо́рин Ио́ффе;, Upyna, Kovno Governorate – March 8, 1963) was a Soviet Marxist philosopher and academician of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1929).

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Adolf Taimi

Adolf Taimi (1881 – 1955) was a Finnish-Russian Bolshevik and a member of the People's Delegation during the Finnish Civil War.

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Adolph Joffe

Adolph Abramovich Joffe (Адо́льф Абра́мович Ио́ффе, alternative transliterations Adolf Ioffe or, rarely, Yoffe) (10 October 1883 in Simferopol – 16 November 1927 in Moscow) was a Communist revolutionary, a Bolshevik politician and a Soviet diplomat of Karaite descent.

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Agrarian socialism

Agrarian socialism is a political ideology which combines an agrarian way of life with a socialist economic system.

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Aleksandr Martynov (Russian politician)

Alexandr Martynov (Alexandr Martinov; also, Aleksandr Samoilovich Pikker;Александр Самойлович Мартынов - Пиккер) (12 December 1865, Pinsk – 5 June 1935, Moscow) was a Jewish Menshevik before the Russian revolutions of 1917, and for a few years after the revolution a critic of the Soviet government's theory of permanent revolution (1923).

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Aleksandr Voronsky

Aleksandr Konstantinovich Voronsky (Алекса́ндр Константи́нович Воро́нский) (– 13 August 1937) was a prominent humanist Marxist critic and editor of the 1920s, disfavored and purged in 1937 for his work with the Left Opposition and Leon Trotsky during and after the October Revolution.

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Aleksei Gastev

Aleksei Kapitonovich Gastev (Алексей Капитонович Гастев) (1882–1939) was a participant in the Russian Revolution of 1905, a pioneer of scientific management in Russia, a trade-union activist and an avant garde poet.

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Aleksei Kiselyov (politician)

Aleksei Semyonovich Kiselyov (Russian: Алексей Семёнович Киселёв, "Aleksey Semyonovich Kiselyov") (1879 - October 30, 1937) was a Russian Bolshevik Party leader and Soviet Union official.

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Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy

Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy (Алексе́й Никола́евич Толсто́й; – 23 February 1945), nicknamed the Comrade Count, was a Russian and Soviet writer who wrote in many genres but specialized in science fiction and historical novels.

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Alexander Abramov-Mirov

Alexander Abramov-Mirov (19 October 1895 – 25 November 1937) was a Soviet Comintern communications officer and intelligence agent.

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Alexander Beloborodov

Alexander Georgievich Beloborodov (Александр Георгиевич Белобородов; October 26, 1891February 10, 1938) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician, and party figure.

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Alexander Bogdanov

Alexander Aleksandrovich Bogdanov (Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Богда́нов; born Alyaksandr Malinovsky, Алякса́ндр Алякса́ндравіч Маліно́ўскі) (– 7 April 1928) was a Russian and Soviet physician, philosopher, science fiction writer, and revolutionary of Belarusian ethnicity.

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Alexander Danieliuk-Stefanski

Alexander Danieliuk-Stefanski (also Stefański or Ștefanski; 30 November 1897, Warsaw – 21 August 1937, Moscow) was a Polish communist politician, active in Poland and in the Soviet Union.

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Alexander Halpern

Aleksandr Yakovelich Galpern (Александр Яковлевич Гальперн; 1879—28 June 1956), also known as Alexander Halpern, was a Russian Menshevik politician and attorney, who played a significant part in the Russian Revolution.

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Alexander Krasnoshchyokov

Alexander Mikhailovich Krasnoshchyokov (Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Краснощёков, real name – Avraam Moiseevich Krasnoshchyok, Абра́м Моисе́евич Краснощёк, October 10, 1880 - November 26, 1937) was a Soviet politician and the first Chairman of the Government (Head of the state) of the Far Eastern Republic, and later the first leading Bolshevik to be arrested by the regime.

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Alexander Parvus

Alexander Lvovich Parvus born Israel Lazarevich Gelfand (1867-1924), was a Marxist theoretician, revolutionary, and a controversial activist in the Social Democratic Party of Germany.

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Alexander Poskrebyshev

Alexander Nikolaevich Poskrebyshev (Александр Николаевич Поскрёбышев; 7 August 1891 – 3 January 1965) was a Soviet politician and a state and Communist Party functionary.

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Alexander Potresov

Alexander Nikolayevich Potresov (September 13, 1869 – July 11, 1934) was a Russian social democrat and one of the leaders of Menshevism.

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Alexander Schlichter

Alexander Grigorievich Schlichter (Александр Григорьевич Шлихтер) (1868–1940) was a Ukrainian Bolshevik politician.

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Alexander Serebrovsky

Alexander Pavlovitch Serebrovsky (Александр Павлович Серебровский; -10 February 1938) was a Russian revolutionary and Soviet petroleum and mining engineer nicknamed the "Soviet Rockefeller".

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Alexander Spiridovich

Alexander Ivanovich Spiridovich (Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Спиридо́вич; 1873–1952) was a police general in the Russian Imperial Guard.

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Alexander Svanidze

Alexander Semyonovich "Alyosha" Svanidze (ალექსანდრე სვანიძე; Александр Семёнович Сванидзе) (1886 – 20 August 1941) was a Georgian Old Bolshevik and historian.

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Alexander Tsulukidze

Alexander "Sasha" Tsulukidze (ალექსანდრე “საშა” წულუკიძე; Александр Григорьевич Цулукидзе) (November 1, 1876 – June 8, 1905) was a Georgian social-democratic revolutionary and journalist.

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Alexandra Kollontai

Alexandra Mikhailovna Kollontai (Алекса́ндра Миха́йловна Коллонта́й — née Domontovich, Домонто́вич; – 9 March 1952) was a Russian Communist revolutionary, first as a member of the Mensheviks, then from 1915 on as a Bolshevik.

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Alexei Rykov

Alexei Ivanovich Rykov (25 February 188115 March 1938) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet politician most prominent as Premier of Russia and the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1929 and 1924 to 1930 respectively.

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Alexei Sklyarenko

Alexei Pavlovich Skliarenko (Алексе́й Па́влович Скляре́нко; 1870 – July 1916) was a participant is Russia's revolutionary movement.

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Amrita Bazar Patrika

Amrita Bazar Patrika (অমৃতবাজার পত্রিকা); is one of the oldest daily newspapers in South Asia and the oldest in Bangladesh.

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Anastas Mikoyan

Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan (25 November 1895 – 21 October 1978) was a Soviet Armenian revolutionary, Old Bolshevik and statesman during the mandates of Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev and Brezhnev.

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Anatoly Lunacharsky

Anatoly Vasilyevich Lunacharsky, – 26 December 1933) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and the first Bolshevik Soviet People's Commissar ("Narkompros"), responsible for Ministry and Education, as well as active playwright, critic, essayist, and journalist throughout his career.

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Andrei Bubnov

Andrei Sergeyevich Bubnov; 23 March 1883 – 1 August 1938) was a Bolshevik revolutionary leader in Russia, and member of the Left Opposition.

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Andrei Zhdanov

Andrei Alexandrovich Zhdanov (p; – 31 August 1948) was a Soviet Communist Party leader and cultural ideologist.

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Andrew Rothstein

Andrew Rothstein (26 September 1898 – 22 September 1994) was a British journalist.

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Andriy Ivanov

Andriy Vasylyovych Ivanov (Андрій Васильович Іванов) (October 28, 1888—June 10, 1927) was a Russian-Ukrainian, Communist Party activist.

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Andrzej Grzegorczyk

Andrzej Grzegorczyk (22 August 1922 – 20 March 2014) was a Polish logician, mathematician, philosopher, and ethicist noted for his work in computability, mathematical logic, and the foundations of mathematics.

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Anti-Bolshevik propaganda

Anti-Bolshevik propaganda was created in opposition to the events on the Russian political scene.

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Anti-Leninism

Anti-Leninism is opposition to the political philosophy Leninism as advocated by Vladimir Lenin.

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Arcadiy Harting

Arкadiy Mikhailovich Harting (Аркадий Михайлович Гартинг; 29 October 1861 – ?) was a secret agent and officer of the Okhrana, the secret police of the Russian Empire.

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Arkadi Kremer

Arkadi Kremer (אַרקאַדי קרעמער; also known as Aleksandr Kremer or Solomon Kremer; 1865–1935) was a Russian socialist leader known as the 'Father of the Bund' (the General Jewish Workers' Union in Lithuania, Poland and Russia).

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Arkady Kots

Arkady Yakovlevich Kots (Аркадий Яковлевич Коц; alias - A.Danin, A.Bronin, A.Shatov) (1872, Odessa – 1943) was a Russian socialist poet of Jewish descent.

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Arkady Rosengolts

Arkady Pavlovich Rosengolts (1889–15/3/1938), sometimes spelled 'Rosengoltz' or 'Rosenholz', was a Bolshevik politician, a Soviet Commissar of Foreign Trade and a defendant at the Moscow Trial of the Twenty-One in 1938.

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Arvīds Pelše

Arvīds Pelše (А́рвид Я́нович Пе́льше, Arvid Yanovich Pelshe); – May 29, 1983) was a Latvian Soviet politician, functionary, and historian.

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Autonomous Governorate of Estonia

The local autonomy in Estonia (Эстляндия) was established as a result of the Russian Revolution of 1917.

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Benyamin Kayurov

Benyamin Nikolayevich Kayurov (Вениами́н Никола́евич Каю́ров; 1876–1936) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary.

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Ber Borochov

Dov Ber Borochov (Дов-Бер Борохов; July 3, 1881 – December 17, 1917) was a Marxist Zionist and one of the founders of the Labor Zionist movement and unusually for a Zionist, as a pioneer in the study of Yiddish as a language.

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Bolshevik Centre

The Bolshevik Centre was a select group of Bolsheviks that led the organization in secret.

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Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki (p; derived from bol'shinstvo (большинство), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority"), were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

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Borba (Paris)

Borba (Russian for 'Struggle') was a group of Russian leftwing writers residing abroad, which considered itself part of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party; it took shape as an independent group in Paris in 1901.

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Boris Batursky

Boris Solomonovich Batursky (Russian: Борис Соломонович Батурский; 1 January 1879 – 5 December 1920) was a Russian social democrat and trade union activist.

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Boris Galerkin

Boris Grigoryevich Galerkin (Бори́с Григо́рьевич Галёркин, surname more accurately romanized as Galyorkin; – 12 July 1945), born in Polotsk, Vitebsk Governorate, Russian Empire, was a Soviet mathematician and an engineer.

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Boris Legran

Boris Vasilyevich Legran or Legrand (Russian: Борис Васильевич Легран, 18841936) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet official who represented the interests of the Russian SFSR in Armenia and Transcaucasia, during the 1920s and worked as a consular official in China during the 1920s.

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Boris Nicolaevsky

Boris Ivanovich Nicolaevsky (Борис Иванович Николаевский) (1887–1966) was a revolutionary Russian Marxist activist, archivist, and historian.

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Boris Stomonyakov

Boris Spiridonovich Stomonyakov (Russian: Борис Спиридонович Стомоняков, 1882-1940) was an ethnic Bulgarian anti-Tsarist revolutionary who later became a trade representative and diplomat for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during the decades of the 1920s and 1930s.

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Brotherhood Church

The Brotherhood Church is a Christian anarchist and pacifist community.

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Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers Party (Broad Socialists)

Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers Party (Broad Socialists) (Българска работническа социалдемократическа партия (широки социалисти), Balgarska rabotnicheska sotsialdemokraticheska partia (shiroki sotsialisti)) was a reformist socialist political party in Bulgaria.

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Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR, or Byelorussian SSR; Bielaruskaja Savieckaja Sacyjalistyčnaja Respublika; Belorusskaya SSR.), also commonly referred to in English as Byelorussia, was a federal unit of the Soviet Union (USSR).

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Capri Party School

The Capri Party School was an educational organisation established by the Vperedists, a sub-faction in the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party.

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Cecilia Bobrovskaya

Cecilia Samoylovna Bobrovskaya (Цецилия Самойловна Бобровская, née Zelikson; 6 July 1960) was an early Bolshevik activist, revolutionary, and memoirist.

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Censorship of images in the Soviet Union

Censorship of images in the Soviet Union was widespread in the USSR.

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Central Committee compositions elected by the 1st–3rd congresses of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

The Central Committee compositions elected by the 1st, 2nd and 3rd congresses of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) were in session 1898–1903, 1903–1905 and 1905–1906 respectively.

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Central Committee elected by the 5th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

This Central Committee (CC) composition was elected by the 5th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, and sat from 19 May 1907 until 17 January 1912.

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Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was de jure the highest body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) between Party Congresses.

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Charles Rappoport

Charles Rappoport (14 June 1865 – 17 November 1941) was a Russian-born French militant communist politician, journalist and writer.

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Cheka

All-Russian Extraordinary Commission (Всероссийская Чрезвычайная Комиссия), abbreviated as VChK (ВЧК, Ve-Che-Ka) and commonly known as Cheka, (from the initialism ChK) was the first of a succession of Soviet secret police organizations.

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Chiatura

Chiatura is a city in the Imereti region of Western Georgia.

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Chita Republic

The Chita Republic (Читинская республика) was a worker's republic in Chita, under control of the Soviet of Workers’, Soldiers’ and Cossaks’ from 1905-1906.

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Christian Rakovsky

Christian Rakovsky (– September 11, 1941) was a Bulgarian socialist revolutionary, a Bolshevik politician and Soviet diplomat; he was also noted as a journalist, physician, and essayist.

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Class conflict

Class conflict, frequently referred to as class warfare or class struggle, is the tension or antagonism which exists in society due to competing socioeconomic interests and desires between people of different classes.

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Communist Party of Estonia

Communist Party of Estonia (Eestimaa Kommunistlik Partei, EKP; Коммунистическая партия Эстонии) was a political party in Estonia.

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Communist Party of Latvia

Communist Party of Latvia (Latvijas Komunistiskā partija, LKP; Коммунистическая партия Латвии) was a political party in Latvia.

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Communist Party of Russia

Communist Party of Russia might refer to.

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Communist Party of the Netherlands

The Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland,, CPN) was a Dutch communist party.

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Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the founding and ruling political party of the Soviet Union.

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Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)

The Communist Party of Ukraine (Комуністична Партія України Komunistychna Partiya Ukrayiny, КПУ, KPU; Коммунистическая партия Украины), was the founding and ruling political party of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic operated as the Ukrainian branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU).

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Conference of the Twenty Two

The Conference of the Twenty Two was an important organizational meeting in the foundation of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.

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Constitutional Democratic Party

The Constitutional Democratic Party (Конституционно-демократическая партия, Konstitutsionno-Demokraticheskaya Partiya), also called Constitutional Democrats, formally Party of People's Freedom, was a liberal political party in the Russian Empire, encompassing constitutional monarchists and right-wing republicans.

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Constitutionalization attempts in Iran

The Persian Constitutional Revolution was a short-lived push for democratic rule in the form of a constitutional monarchy within a highly elitist yet decentralized society under the Qajars.

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Council of Labor and Defense

The Council of Labor and Defense (Russian: Совет труда и обороны, Sovet Truda i Oborony, Latin acronym: STO), first established as the Council of Workers' and Peasants' Defense in November 1918, was an agency responsible for the central management of the economy and production of military materiel in the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and in its successor state, the Soviet Union.

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Coup of June 1907

The Coup of June 1907, sometimes known as Stolypin's Coup, is the name commonly given to the dissolution of the Second State Duma of the Russian Empire, the arrest of some its members and a fundamental change in the Russian electoral law by Tsar Nicholas II on.

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David Dallin

David J. Dallin, born David Yulevich Levin Давид Юльевич Далин (24 May 1889 – February 21, 1962) was a one-time Menshevik leader and later a writer and lecturer on Soviet affairs, who helped Victor Kravchenko defect in the 1940s.

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David Dubinsky

David Dubinsky (born David Isaac Dobnievski; February 22, 1892 – September 17, 1982) was an American labor leader.

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David Petrovsky

David Petrovsky (Lipetz) (also known as Max Goldfarb, Bennett, Humboldt, Brown, born September 24, 1886, in Berdychiv, Russian Empire — September 10, 1937, Moscow, USSR) — a member of the Central Committee of the Jewish Socialist Federation of America, a member of the Socialist Party of America, the editor of the Jewish Daily Forward newspaper, journalist, political and economic scientist, a member of the Central Committee of the General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia (Bund) until 1919, the statesman of the Soviet Union.

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David Riazanov

David Riazanov (Дави́д Ряза́нов), born David Borisovich Goldendakh (Дави́д Бори́сович Гольдендах; 10 March 1870 – 21 January 1938), was a political revolutionary, Marxist theoretician, and archivist.

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Democratic centralism

Democratic centralism is a method of leadership in which political decisions reached by the party through its democratically elected bodies are binding upon all members of the party.

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Demyan Bedny

Yefim Alekseevich Pridvorov (a; – May 25, 1945), better known by the pen name Demyan Bedny (a, Damian the Poor), was a Soviet Ukrainian poet, Bolshevik and satirist.

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Directorate (Russia)

The Directorate (Kerensky Second Government) was the short-lived transitional government of Russia during the Russian Revolution.

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Dmitry Ilyich Ulyanov

Dmitri Ilyich Ulyanov (Дми́трий Ильи́ч Улья́нов; – 16 July 1943) was a Russian physician and revolutionary, the younger brother of Aleksandr Ulyanov and Vladimir Lenin.

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Dmitry Kursky

Dmitry Ivanovich Kursky (Дми́трий Ива́нович Ку́рский; 10 October 1874 – 20 December 1932) was a Russian communist politician.

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Early life of Joseph Stalin

The early life of Joseph Stalin covers the life of Stalin from his birth on 6 December (18 December, New Style) 1878 until the October Revolution on 25 October 1917 (7 November).

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East End of London

The East End of London, usually called the East End, is the historic core of wider East London, east of the Roman and medieval walls of the City of London, and north of the River Thames.

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Eino Rahja

Eino Abramovich Rahja (20 June 1885, Kronstadt – 26 April 1936) was a Finnish-Russian politician who joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1903, becoming aligned with the party's Bolshevik faction.

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Elena Stasova

Elena Dmitrievna Stasova (p; 3 October 1873 – 31 December 1966) was a Russian communist revolutionary who became a political functionary working for the Communist International (Comintern).

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Elizaveta Polonskaya

Elizaveta Grigorevna Polonskaya (p), born Movshenson (Мовшенсо́н; – January 11, 1969), was a Russian Jewish poet, translator, and journalist, the only female member of the Serapion Brothers.

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Emancipation of Labour

Emancipation of Labour group (Освобождение труда) was the first Russian Marxist group.

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Evgeni Gegechkori

Evgeni Gegechkori (ევგენი გეგეჭკორი) (January 20, 1881, Martvili – June 5, 1954, Paris) was a Georgian nobleman, politician, and Social Democratic revolutionary.

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Evgeny Pashukanis

Evgeny Bronislavovich Pashukanis (23 February 1891 – September 1937) was a Soviet legal scholar, best known for his work The General Theory of Law and Marxism.

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Factions of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

Throughout history, there were a number of political factions within the RSDLP (Russian Social Democratic Labour Party), in addition to the major split of Bolsheviks and Mensheviks.

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Fall of Eagles

Fall of Eagles is a 13-part British television drama aired by the BBC in 1974.

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Fedor Kalinin

Fedor Ivanovich Kalinin (1882–1920) was a Russian revolutionary.

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Felix Dzerzhinsky

Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky (Russian: Фе́ликс Эдму́ндович Дзержи́нский; Polish: Feliks Dzierżyński; 20 July 1926), nicknamed Iron Felix, was a Polish and Soviet Bolshevik revolutionary, leader and statesman.

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Fellow traveller

The term fellow traveller (also fellow traveler) identifies a person who is intellectually sympathetic to the ideology of a political organization, and who co-operates in the organization's politics, without being a formal member of that organization.

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Ferdinand T. Kettunen

Ferdinand Teodor Kettunen (18 January 1889, Saint Petersburg – 31 August 1920, Saint Petersburg) was a Finnish communist activist.

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Filipp Goloshchyokin

Filipp Goloshchyokin (Филипп Голощёкин), born Isay Isaakovich Goloshchyokin (Филипп Исаевич Голощёкин), also transliterated as Goloshchekin; (– October 28 1941) was a Russian Jewish Bolshevik, Communist Revolutionary, Soviet politician and party functionary.

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Filipp Makharadze

Filipp Makharadze (ფილიპე მახარაძე, Филипп Махарадзе; 9 March 1868 – 10 December 1941) was a Georgian Bolshevik revolutionary and government official.

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Filipp Rudkin

Filipp Nikitovich Rudkin (27 November 1893 12 October 1954) was a Belarusian Soviet Army major general and a Hero of the Soviet Union.

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Finland

Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.

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First exile of Trotsky

The first exile of Trotsky was a two-year period in the life of revolutionary Leon Trotsky, that he spent in exile in the Irkutsk Governorate of the Russian empire.

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Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve

Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve (Василий Яковлевич Струве, trans. Vasily Yakovlevich Struve; 15 April 1793 –) was a German-Russian astronomer and geodesist from the famous Struve family.

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Fyodor Dan

Fyodor Ilyich Dan (Фёдор Ильич Дан), often known in English as Fedor Dan, (19 October 1871 – 22 January 1947) was one of the founding leaders of Menshevism.

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Fyodor Raskolnikov

Fyodor Fyodorovich Raskolnikov (Фёдор Фёдорович Раскольников; (28 January 1892, Saint Petersburg, Russia – 12 September 1939, Nice, France),Zalessky K.A. Stalin Imperia Moscow, Veche, 2002 citing by real name Fyodor Ilyin (Фёдор Ильин), was an Old Bolshevik, participant in the October Revolution, commander of Red fleets on the Caspian and the Baltic during the Russian Civil War, and later a Soviet diplomat.

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Fyodor Sergeyev

Fyodor Andreyevich Sergeyev (March 19, 1883 – July 24, 1921), better known as Comrade Artyom, was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, agitator, and journalist.

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General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia

The General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia (אַלגעמײַנער ײדישער אַרבעטער בּונד אין ליטע פוילין און רוסלאַנד, Algemeyner Yidisher Arbeter Bund in Litah, Poyln un Rusland), generally called The Bund (בונד, cognate to Bund, meaning federation or union) or the Jewish Labour Bund, was a secular Jewish socialist party in the Russian Empire, active between 1897 and 1920.

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General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was an office of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) that by the late 1920s had evolved into the most powerful of the Central Committee's various secretaries.

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Georgi Atarbekov

Georgiy Aleksandrovich Atarbekov (Георгий Александрович Атарбеков), born Atarbekyan (December 2, 1892 – March 22, 1925) was an Armenian Bolshevik and Soviet security police official.

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Georgi Plekhanov

Georgi Valentinovich Plekhanov (a; 29 November 1856 – 30 May 1918) was a Russian revolutionary and a Marxist theoretician.

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Georgian nationalism

The beginning of Georgian nationalism can be traced to the middle of the 19th century, when Georgia was part of the Russian Empire.

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Georgy Chicherin

Georgy Vasilyevich Chicherin (24 November 1872– 7 July 1936) was a Marxist revolutionary and a Soviet politician.

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Georgy Pyatakov

Georgy (Yury) Leonidovich Pyatakov (Георгий Леонидович Пятаков; August 6, 1890 – January 30, 1937) was a Bolshevik revolutionary leader and a Politician during the Russian Revolution.

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German Lopatin

German Alexandrovich Lopatin (Ге́рман Алекса́ндрович Лопа́тин; 13 January 1845, in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia – 26 December 1918, in Petrograd) was a Russian revolutionary, journalist and writer.

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Gleb Bokii

Gleb Ivanovich Bokii (Глеб Иванович Бокий, 1879–1937) was an ethnic Ukrainian Communist political activist and revolutionary in the Russian Empire.

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Gleb Krzhizhanovsky

Gleb Maximilianovich Krzhizhanovsky (Глеб Максимилиа́нович Кржижано́вский) (24 January 1872 – 31 March 1959) was a Soviet Scientist and a state figure.

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Glikeriya Bogdanova-Chesnokova

Glikeriya Vasilievna Bogdanova-Chesnokova (Глике́рия Васи́льевна Богда́нова-Чесноко́ва) (born 13 (26) May 1904 Saint Petersburg 17 April 1983 Leningrad) was a Soviet musical comedy theatre and film actress.

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God-Building

God-Building, an idea proposed by some prominent early Marxists of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, proved very controversial.

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Grigori Sokolnikov

Grigori Yakovlevich Sokolnikov (born Girsh Yankelevich Brilliant; 1888–1939) was a Russian old Bolshevik revolutionary, economist, and Soviet politician.

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Grigory Aleksinsky

Grigory Alekseyevich Aleksinsky (1879–1967) was a prominent Russian Social Democrat and Bolshevik who was elected to the Second Duma in 1907.

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Grigory Kaminsky

Grigory Naumovich Kaminsky (Griqoriy Kaminski Naum oğlu, Каминский, Григорий Наумович; November 1, 1895 – February 10, 1938), was the 2nd First Secretary of Azerbaijan Communist Party, Soviet politician and one of founders of health care system in Soviet Union.

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Grigory Petrovsky

Grigory Ivanovich Petrovsky (Григо́рий Ива́нович Петро́вский, Григорій Іванович Петровський Hryhoriy Ivanovych Petrovsky) (3 February 1878 - 9 January 1958) was a Ukrainian Soviet politician.

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Grigory Zinoviev

Grigory Yevseevich Zinoviev (– August 25, 1936), born Hirsch Apfelbaum, known also under the name Ovsei-Gershon Aronovich Radomyslsky, was a Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet Communist politician.

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Haydar Khan Amo-oghli

Haydar Khan Amo-oghli or Haydar Khan Amu ogly Tariverdiev (حیدرخان عمواوغلی تاریوردی; حیدرخان عمواوغلی تاریوردی — Heydər Xan Əmioğlu Tarverdiyev; December 20, 1880 – October 15, 1921) was a leftist revolutionary during the Iranian Constitutional Revolution and among the founders of the Communist Party of Persia.

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Hayk Ovsepyan

Hayk (Haik) A. Hovsepyan (Hovsepian) (Հայկ Հովսեփյան, Jan 19 (according to other sources June 19) 1891 - 1937, Moscow) - was a Soviet military leader and Army Commissar rank 2 (1935).

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History of Batumi

Batumi (ბათუმი) is the capital city of Adjara, an autonomous republic in southwest Georgia, located on the eastern coast of the Black Sea.

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History of communism

The history of communism encompasses a wide variety of ideologies and political movements sharing the core theoretical values of common ownership of wealth, economic enterprise and property.

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History of Estonia

The history of Estonia forms a part of the history of Europe.

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History of Georgia (country)

The nation of Georgia (საქართველო sakartvelo) was first unified as a kingdom under the Bagrationi dynasty by the King Bagrat III of Georgia in the 8th to 9th century, arising from a number of predecessor states of the ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Iberia.

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History of Russia

The History of Russia begins with that of the East Slavs.

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History of socialism

The history of socialism has its origins in the 1789 French Revolution and the changes which it wrought, although it has precedents in earlier movements and ideas.

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History of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union (1917–27)

The history of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union reflects a period of change for both Russia and the world.

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History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union is generally conceived as also covering that of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party from which it evolved.

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History of the Jews in Russia

Jews in the Russian Empire have historically constituted a large religious diaspora; the vast territories of the Russian Empire at one time hosted the largest population of Jews in the world.

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History of the Soviet Union

The "History of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union" reflects a period of change for both Russia and the world.

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Hjalmar Mehr

Hjalmar Leo Mehr (1910–1979) was a Swedish Social Democratic politician, mayor of Stockholm (1958–1966, 1970–1971) and governor of Stockholm County (1971–1977).

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Ilia Chavchavadze

Prince Ilia Chavchavadze (ილია ჭავჭავაძე; 8 November 1837 — 12 September 1907) was a Georgian writer, political figure, poet, and publisher who spearheaded the revival of the Georgian national movement in the second half of the 19th century, during the Russian rule of Georgia.

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Ilya Rubanovich

Ilya Alfonsovich Rubanovich (1859–1920) was a Russian revolutionary who joined 'The People's Will' ('Narodnaya Volya') in the 1880s.

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Ilya Tsivtsivadze

Ilya Benediktovich Tsivtsivadze (March 20, 1881 – March 15, 1938) was a Georgian Communist politician.

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Inessa Armand

Inessa Fyodorovna Armand (born Elisabeth-Inès Stéphane d'Herbenville; May 8, 1874 – September 24, 1920) was a French-Russian communist politician, member of the Bolsheviks and feminist who spent most of her life in Russia.

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International Socialist Bureau

The International Socialist Bureau (French: Bureau Socialiste International) was the permanent organization of the Second International, established at the Paris congress of 1900.

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Ioseb Iremashvili

Ioseb Iremashvili (იოსებ ირემაშვილი, Iosseb Iremaschwili) (1878–1944) was a Georgian politician and author.

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Iosif Adamovich

Iosif Adamovich (Язэп Адамовіч, 7 January 1897 in Babruysk – 22 April 1937 in Minsk) was a Belarusian communist politician.

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Irakli Tsereteli

Irakli "Kaki" Tsereteli (ირაკლი გიორგის ძე წერეთელი; Ира́клий Гео́ргиевич Церете́ли, Irakliy Georgievich Tsereteli; 20 November 1881 – 20 May 1959) was a Georgian politician and a leading Social-Democratic spokesman during the era of the Russian Revolutions.

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Irkutskoye Slovo

Irkutskoye Slovo (Irkutsk Word) was a Menshevik-oriented weekly newspaper in Russia, published in Irkutsk from 1911 to 1912.

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Isaac Hourwich

Isaac Aronovich Hourwich (April 26, 1860 – July 9, 1924) (Russian: Исаак Аронович Гурвич) was a Jewish-American economist, statistician, lawyer, and political activist.

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Isaak Kreisberg

Isaak Kreisberg (Ісак Миронович Крейсберг) was a Jewish political figure of Ukraine.

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Isaak Lalayants

Isaak Khristoforovich Lalayants (pseudonyms: Columbus, Izarov, Insarov et al.;, Kizlyar, Russian Empire – 14 July 1933, Moscow, Soviet Union) was a Russian revolutionary, Marxist, Bolshevik and comrade-in-arms of Vladimir Lenin.

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Isaak Zelensky

Isaak Abramovich Zelensky (1890–1938) was a Russian politician.

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Iskra

Iskra (И́скра,, Spark) was a political newspaper of Russian socialist emigrants established as the official organ of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP).

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Israel Leplevsky

Israel Moiseevich Leplevsky (1894 - July 28, 1938) was the head of the GPU.

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Ivan Babushkin

Ivan Babushkin (pseudonym Nikolay Nikolaevich) (January 3, 1873 – January 18, 1906) was a Russian professional Bolshevik revolutionary.

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Ivan Fioletov

Ivan Timofeevich Fioletov Иван Тимофеевич Фиолетов (1884 - 20 September 1918) was a Russian Communist activist, one of the Bolshevik Party leaders in Azerbaijan during the Russian Revolution.

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Ivan Kalyayev

Ivan Kalyayev (Иван Платонович Каляев; July 6, 1877 – May 23, 1905) was a Russian poet, a member of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party.

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Ivan Kulyk

Ivan Yulianovych Kulyk (Іван Юліанович Кулик; born Izrail Yudelevich Kulik) (January 14, 1897 – October 10, 1937) was a Jewish-Ukrainian poet, writer, translator, diplomat and Communist Party activist.

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Ivan Skvortsov-Stepanov

Ivan Ivanovich Skvortsov-Stepanov (Ива́н Ива́нович Скворцо́в-Степа́нов, 1870–1928) was a prominent Russian Bolshevik.

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Ivan Smirnov (politician)

Ivan Nikitich Smirnov (Иван Никитич Смирнов in Russian) (1881 – August 25, 1936) was a Communist Party activist.

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Ivan Teodorovich

Ivan Adolfovich Teodorovich (Ива́н Адольфо́вич Теодо́рович; Iwan Adolfowicz Teodorowicz) (September 10 (O. S. August 29), 1875 in Smolensk – September 20, 1937) was a Russian Bolshevik activist, and the first Commissar for Food when the Council of People's Commissars was established (October - November 1917).

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Ivane Gomarteli

Ivane Gomarteli (ივანე გომართელი) (October 2, 1875 – April 19, 1938) was a Georgian physician, political figure, and author involved in the social-democratic movement early in the 20th century.

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Izhevsk–Votkinsk Uprising

Izhevsk–Votkinsk Uprising (8 August - 12 November 1918) - part of Russian Civil War.

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Ja'far Pishevari

Sayyed Ja'far Pishevari (1893 – 11 June 1947) (Seyid Cəfər Pişəvəri, سید جعفر پیشه وری, سید جعفر پیشه‌وری) was the founder and chairman of separatist and communist Azerbaijan People's Government (November 1945 – November 1946), created and supported by Soviet occupational forces in north-western Iran.

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Jaan Anvelt

Jaan Anvelt (in Russian Ян Анвельт, also known by the pseudonyms Eessaare Aadu, Jaan Holm, Jaan Hulmu, Kaarel Maatamees, Onkel Kaak or Н. Альтъ; 18 April 1884 – 11 December 1937), was a Soviet revolutionary, leader of the Communist Party of Estonia, the first Premier of Soviet Estonia, and the Chairman of the Council of The Commune of the Working People of Estonia (Estonian Eesti Töörahva Kommuun).

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Jacob Golos

Jacob Golos (born Yakov Naumovich Reizen, Russian: Яков Наумович Рейзен; 1889–1943) was a Ukrainian-born Bolshevik revolutionary who became an intelligence operative on behalf of the USSR in the United States.

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Józef Unszlicht

Józef Unszlicht or Iosif Stanislavovich Unshlikht (Ио́сиф Станисла́вович У́ншлихт; nicknames "Jurowski", "Leon") (- July 28, 1938) was a Bolshevik revolutionary activist, one of the founders of the Cheka, and Soviet government official of Polish-Jewish extraction from the Masovian region.

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Jānis Bērziņš-Ziemelis

Jan Berzin or Jānis Bērziņš-Ziemelis (11 October 1881 – 29 August 1938) was a Latvian revolutionary, journalist and diplomat.

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Jewish left

The term Jewish left describes Jews who identify with, or support, left-wing, occasionally liberal, causes, consciously as Jews, either as individuals or through organizations.

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Jewish Social Democratic Workers Association "Zukunft"

The Jewish Social Democratic Workers Association "Zukunft" was a Bundist organization in Stockholm, Sweden.

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John Reed (journalist)

John Silas "Jack" Reed (October 22, 1887 – October 17, 1920) was an American journalist, poet, and socialist activist, best remembered for Ten Days That Shook the World, his first-hand account of the Bolshevik Revolution.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Georgian nationality.

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Jukka Rahja

Jukka Rahja (1887, Kronstadt – 31 August 1920, Petrograd) was a Russian-Finnish Bolshevik who was killed by the Petrograd Opposition.

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Julius Martov

Julius Martov or L. Martov (born: Yuliy Osipovich Tsederbaum/Zederbaum) (24 November 1873 – 4 April 1923) was a Russian politician and revolutionary who became the leader of the Mensheviks in early 20th-century Russia.

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Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle

Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle (Кам'янець-Подільська фортеця; twierdza w Kamieńcu Podolskim; Каменец-Подольская крепость; Kamaniçe Kalesi) is a former Ruthenian-Lithuanian castle and a later three-part Polish fortress located in the historic city of Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine, in the historic region of Podolia in the western part of the country.

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Kamo (Bolshevik)

Kamo, real name Simon Arshaki Ter-Petrosian (27 May 1882 – 14 July 1922), was an Old Bolshevik revolutionary and an early companion to Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.

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Kato Svanidze

Ketevan "Kato" Svanidze (ეკატერინა სვიმონის ასული სვანიძე,; Екатери́на Семёновна Свани́дзе,; 2 April 1885 – 5 December 1907) was the first wife of Joseph Stalin and the mother of his eldest son, Yakov.

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Khanlar Safaraliyev

Khanlar Safaraliyev (Xanlar Səfərəliyev) (c.1878 – 26 September 1907) was an Azerbaijani oil field worker, labor organizer, and Moslem social democrat.

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Kliment Voroshilov

Kliment Yefremovich Voroshilov (Kliment Jefremovič Vorošilov; Климент Охрімович Ворошилов, Klyment Okhrimovyč Vorošylov), popularly known as Klim Voroshilov (Клим Вороши́лов, Klim Vorošilov) (4 February 1881 – 2 December 1969), was a prominent Soviet military officer and politician during the Stalin era.

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Komfarband of Bielorussia and Lithuania

The Communist League of Bielorussia and Lithuania (Komfarband) was a short-lived Jewish communist organization in Bielorussia.

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Konstantin Gey

Konstantin Veniaminovich Gey (Константин Вениаминович Гей) (1896 - February 25, 1939) was an early Russian communist party member and a participant in the Russian Revolution of 1917.

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Konstantin Pyatnitsky

Konstantin Petrovich Pyatnitsky (Константин Петрович Пятницкий, 31 March 1864, - 6 January 1938) was a Russian journalist, publisher and memoirist.

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Konstantin Sigismundovich Zharnovetsky

Konstantin Sigismundovich Zharnovetsky (Russian: Константин Сигизмундович Жарновецкий, 1881, Yerevan – 1941, Leningrad) was a Russian Bolshevik, a commissar of the Peterhof Military Revolutionary Committee, the head of the Red Army in the city of Narva, a professor heading the faculty of social studies at Leningrad University.

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Konstantin Yurenev

Konstantin Konstantinovich Yurenev (Константи́н Константи́нович Юре́нев), also known as Konstantin Konstantinovich Krotovsky (Константин Константинович Кротовский) (1888 – 1 August 1938), was a Soviet politician and diplomat.

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Kote Tsintsadze

Kote Tsintsadze (კოტე ცინცაძე, Котэ Цинцадзе) (1887–1930) was a Georgian Bolshevik involved in the Russian revolutions and the Sovietization of Georgia.

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Kotka

Kotka is a city and municipality of Finland.

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Kryvyi Rih Municipality

Kryvyi Rih City Council is a city council in Kryvyi Rih in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast of southeastern Ukraine.

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Latvian Operation of the NKVD

The so-called Latvian Operation (Латышская операция) of the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) was a mass arrest and execution of persons of Latvian origin in the Soviet Union during the period of Great Purge (1937–1938).

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League of Armenian Social Democrats

The League of Armenian Social Democrats (Հայ Սոցիալ-Դեմոկրատների Միություն, Hay Sotsial-Demokratneri Miut'yun, abbreviated ՀՍԴՄ, HSDM) was the first Armenian Iskraist social democratic organization.

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League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class

The St.

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Legal Marxism

Legal Marxism was a Russian Marxist movement based on a particular interpretation of Marxist theory whose proponents were active in socialist circles between 1894 and 1901.

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Leo Deutsch

Lev Grigorievich Deutsch, also known as Leo Deutsch (Лев Григо́рьевич Дейч) (September 26, 1855 – August 5, 1941) was a Russian Bolshevik Revolutionary and one of four founding members of Russia's Marxist Organisation, the initiator of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.

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Leo Jogiches

Leon "Leo" Jogiches (German: Leo Jogiches; Russian: Лев "Лео" Йогихес; 1867 – 1919), also commonly known by the party name Jan Tyszka, was a Marxist revolutionary of Polish-Jewish descent active in Poland, Lithuania and Germany.

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Leon Trotsky

Leon Trotsky (born Lev Davidovich Bronstein; – 21 August 1940) was a Russian revolutionary, theorist, and Soviet politician.

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Leonid Krasin

Leonid Borisovich Krasin (Леони́д Бори́сович Кра́син; – 24 November 1926) was a Russian engineer, social entrepreneur and Soviet Bolshevik politician and diplomat.

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Lev Kamenev

Lev Borisovich Kamenev (born Rozenfeld; – 25 August 1936) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and a prominent Soviet politician.

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Lev Karakhan

Lev Mikhailovich Karakhan (Karakhanian) Armenian Կարախանյան Լեւոն Միքայելի, Russian Лев Михайлович Карахан (20 January 1889, Tiflis – 20 September 1937, Moscow) was an ethnic Armenian-born Russian revolutionary and a Soviet diplomat.

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Levon Mirzoyan

Levon Isayevich Mirzoyan (Լևոն Եսայիի Միրզոյան; Левон Исаевич Мирзоян) (November 14, 1897 – February 26, 1939) was the Secretary of the Communist Party of the Azeri SSR from January 21, 1926 to August 5, 1929 and the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Kazakh SSR from December 5, 1936 to May 3, 1938.

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Liah Greenfeld

Liah Greenfeld (born 1954 in Vladivostok, USSR) is University Professor and Professor of Sociology, Political Science and Anthropology at Boston University.

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List of communist parties

There are a number of communist parties active in various countries across the world, and a number that used to be active.

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List of leaders of Azerbaijan's state security agencies

In 1953, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Azerbaijan SSR and the Ministry of Public Security of the Azerbaijan SSR were merged into a single Ministry of Internal Affairs of Azerbaijan SSR.

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List of leaders of Ukraine

This is a comprehensive chronological list of national leaders of Ukraine since its independence in 1917, including its presidents both before and after the Soviet era, and the Soviet leaders themselves, who, unlike the presidents, were not formal heads of state.

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List of left-wing political parties

The following is a list of left-wing political parties.

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List of Ministers of Interior of Russia

This is a list of Ministers of Internal Affairs of Russia.

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List of wars involving Russia

The following is an incomplete list of armed conflicts and wars fought by Russia, by Russian people, from antiquity to the present day.

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Longjumeau

Longjumeau is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France.

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Ludwig Martens

Ludwig Christian Alexander Karl Martens (or Ludwig Karlovich Martens; Людвиг Карлович Мартенс; − 19 October 1948) was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician and engineer.

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Lydia Berdyaev

Lydia Yudifovna Berdyaev (20 August 1871, Kharkov, Russian Empire - September 1945, Clamart, France) was a Russian poet, member of Russian apostolate and leader of the Russian diaspora in France.

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Lydia Dan

Lydia Osipovna Dan (Лидия Осиповна Дан; 21 May 1878 – 28 March 1963) was a Menshevik revolutionary leader and active participant in the revolutionary movement of Russia.

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Lyubov Axelrod

Lyubov Isaakovna Axelrod (born Emther Axelrod; Любо́вь (Эмтер) Исаа́ковна Аксельро́д, penname Orthodox Ортодо́кс; 1868–1946) was a Russian revolutionary, Marxist philosopher and an art theoretician.

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Mamia Orakhelashvili

Mamia Orakhelashvili (მამია ორახელაშვილი, Иван (Мамия) Дмитриевич Орахелашвили, Ivan (Mamia) Dmitrievich Orakhelashvili) (June 10, 1881 – December 11, 1937) was a Georgian Bolshevik and Soviet politician energetically involved in the revolutionary movement in Russia and Georgia.

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Mammad Amin Rasulzadeh

Mammad Amin Rasulzadeh (Məmməd Əmin Rəsulzadə, Mehmet Emin Resulzade; 31 January 1884 – 6 March 1955) was an Azerbaijani statesman, scholar, public figure and the first and only president of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (1918–1920).

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Margarita Morozova

Margarita Kirillovna Morozova (née Ma′montova; Маргари′та Кири′лловна Моро′зова, November 3, 1873, – October 3, 1958) was a prominent Russian philanthropist, patron of arts, publisher, editor and memoirist.

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Maria Fyodorovna Andreyeva

Maria Fyodorovna Andreyeva (Мари́я Фёдоровна Андре́ева, Mariya Fyodorovna Andreyeva) was the stage name of Maria Fyodorovna Yurkovskaya (Мари́я Фёдоровна Юрко́вская) (July 4, 1868 – December 8, 1953), a Russian/Soviet actress and Bolshevik administrator.

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Mark Rein (journalist)

Mark Rafailovich Rein (1909–1937?) was a socialist journalist.

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Martemyan Ryutin

Martemyan Nikitich Ryutin (Мартемья́н Ники́тич Рю́тин) (1890–1937) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary, and a political functionary of the Russian Communist Party.

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Martyn Liadov

Martyn Nikolaevich Liadov (1872–1947) (pseudonym of Martyn Nikolaevich Mandel’shtam) was a Bolshevik and Vperedist.

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Marxism

Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation.

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Marxism and the National Question

Marxism and the National Question (Russian: Марксизм и национальный вопрос) is a short work of Marxist theory written by Joseph Stalin in January 1913 while living in Vienna.

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Marxism–Leninism

In political science, Marxism–Leninism is the ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, of the Communist International and of Stalinist political parties.

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Marxist schools of thought

Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that frames capitalism through a paradigm of exploitation, analyzes class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation.

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Mass line

The mass line (from the Chinese qunzhong luxian) is the political, organizational and leadership method developed by Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) during the Chinese revolution.

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Matvei Muranov

Matvei Konstantinovich Muranov (Матвей Константинович Муранов; 29 November 1873 – 9 December 1959) was a Ukrainian-born Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet politician.

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Matvey Skobelev

Matvey Ivanovich Skobelev (Матве́й Ива́нович Ско́белев; November 9, 1885, Baku – July 29, 1938, Moscow) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and politician.

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Maxim Gorky

Alexei Maximovich Peshkov (Алексе́й Макси́мович Пешко́в or Пе́шков; – 18 June 1936), primarily known as Maxim (Maksim) Gorky (Макси́м Го́рький), was a Russian and Soviet writer, a founder of the socialist realism literary method and a political activist.

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Maxim Litvinov

Maxim Maximovich Litvinov,; born Meir Henoch Wallach-Finkelstein (17 July 1876 – 31 December 1951) was an ethnic Jewish Russian revolutionary and prominent Soviet Bolshevik Politician.

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Maximilian Kravkov

Maximilian Alexeyevich Kravkov (Максимилиан Алексеевич Кравков; born 22 September 1887 – dead 12 October 1937) was a Russian writer, geologist and explorer of Siberia.

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Mendel Khatayevich

Mendel Khatayevich Мендель Маркович Хатаевич) (3 October 1893 – 30 October 1937) was a Soviet politician., a biography at www.hrono.ru (in Russian) Born in Gomel in 1893, Khatayevich joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1913. Between 1917 and 1919 he was in various leading Communist Party of the Soviet Union functions in his native Gomel. In 1921 he was transferred to Ukraine. Between 1932 and 1937 Khatayevich was a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine. In 1933 he became 1st Secretary of the Dnipropetrovsk regional committee and from 17 March 1937 was 2nd Secretary of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine. He was one of the main organizers of collectivization in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which caused the death by starvation of millions of people. On 7 September 1937 he was arrested, and on 27 October 1937 sentenced to death on charges of participating in a counterrevolutionary terrorist organization and executed. In 1956 Khatayevich was rehabilitated and restored in the party. In a ruling on 13 January 2010 Kiev’s Court of Appeals found Khatayevich and other long-dead Bolshevik leaders Joseph Stalin, Vyacheslav Molotov, Lazar Kaganovich, Pavel Postyshev, Stanislav Kosior and Vlas Chubar guilty of "organizing genocide of the Ukrainian ethnic group".

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Mensheviks

The Mensheviks (меньшевики) were a faction in the Russian socialist movement, the other being the Bolsheviks.

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Meshadi Azizbekov

Meshadi Aziz-bey oghlu Azizbekov, also spelled Azizbeyov (Məşədi Əziz bəy oğlu Əzizbəyov; Мешади Азиз-бек оглы Азизбеков; January 6, 1876 - September 20, 1918) was a Soviet revolutionary of Azerbaijani origin, leader of the revolutionary movement in Azerbaijan, one of the first Azeri Marxists, Provincial Commissioner and Deputy People's Commissar of Internal Affairs, gubernial commissar for Baku.

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Mezhraiontsy

The Mezhraiontsy (p), usually translated as the "Interdistrictites," were members of a small independent faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP), which existed between 1913 and 1917.

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Michael Manege

Michael Manege (Mikhailovsky Manezh; Михайловский манеж) is the Neoclassical building of an early 19th-century riding academy in the historic center of Saint Petersburg, Russia.

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Mikhail Chernov (politician)

Mikhail Alexandrovich Chernov (Михаил Александрович Чернов; 20 November 1891 – 15 March 1938) was a Russian Bolshevik politician who was executed during the Great Purge.

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Mikhail Frunze

Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze (2 February 1885 – 31 October 1925) was a Bolshevik leader during and just prior to the Russian Revolution of 1917.

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Mikhail Gerasimov (poet)

Mikhail Prokofyevich Gerasimov (a; 1889–1939) was one of the most widely read working-class poets in early-twentieth-century Russia.

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Mikhail Kalinin

Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (Михаи́л Ива́нович Кали́нин; 3 June 1946), known familiarly by Soviet citizens as "Kalinych", was a Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet Politician.

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Mikhail Lashevich

Mikhail Mikhailovich Lashevich (Михаил Михайлович Лашевич; 1884 in Odessa, Russian Empire – 30 August 1928 in Harbin, China), also known under the name Gaskovich, born of a Jewish family was a Soviet military and party leader, and member of Bolshevik Russian Social Democratic Labour Party since 1901.

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Mikhail Liber

Mikhail Isaakovich Liber (5 June 1880 – 4 October 1937), sometimes known as Mark Liber, was a leader of the General Jewish Workers' Union (the 'Bund').

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Mikhail Pokrovsky

Mikhail Nikolayevich Pokrovsky (Михаи́л Никола́евич Покро́вский, – April 10, 1932) was a Russian Marxist historian.

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Mikhail Romm

Mikhail Ilych Romm (Михаи́л Ильи́ч Ромм; – 1 November 1971) was a Soviet film director.

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Mikhail Sergeevich Kedrov

Mikhail Kedrov (1878, Moscow – 1941) was a Soviet communist politician and secret policeman.

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Mikhail Tomsky

Mikhail Pavlovich Tomsky (Russian: Михаи́л Па́влович То́мский, born Mikhail Pavlovich Yefremovsometimes transliterated as Efremov; Михаи́л Па́влович Ефре́мов; 31 October 1880 – 22 August 1936) was a factory worker, trade unionist and Bolshevik leader.

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Mikhail Trilisser

Mikhail Abramovich Trilisser (Ме́ер Абра́мович Трили́ссер; Jewish, born Meier Abramovich Trilisser) (1 April 1883, Astrakhan – 2 February 1940), also known by the pseudonym Moskvin (Москви́н), was a Soviet chief of the Foreign Department of the Cheka and the OGPU.

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Mikhail Tskhakaya

Mikhail Grigoryevich Tskhakaya (4 May 1865 – 19 March 1950), also known as Barsov, was a Georgian communist.

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Ministry of Internal Affairs (Azerbaijan)

The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Azerbaijan is an Azerbaijani government ministry for internal affairs, which is responsible for keeping the order, security and safety of population, officials, buildings and structures in the country.

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Ministry of Justice (Ukraine)

The Ministry of Justice of Ukraine (Міністерство юстиції України) is the main body in the system of central government that regulates state legal policy.

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Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev

Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev (Мирсәет Хәйдәргали улы Солтангалиев, Mirsäyet Xäydärğäli ulı Soltanğäliev, pronounced; Мирсаид Хайдаргалиевич Султан-Галиев Mirsaid Khaydargalievich Sultan-Galiev; 1892–1940), also known as Mirza Sultan-Galiev, was a Tatar Bolshevik who rose to prominence in the Russian Communist Party in the early 1920s.

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Moisei Uritsky

Moisei Solomonovich Uritsky (Моисей Соломонович Урицкий; &ndash) was a Bolshevik revolutionary leader in Russia.

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Muslim Social Democratic Party

The Muslim Social Democratic Party, usually referred to as Hummet (Hümmət) ("Endeavor"), was a political party in South Caucasus.

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Mykola Skrypnyk

Mykola Oleksiyovych Skrypnyk (Микола Олексійович Скрипник, also known as Nikolai Alekseevich Skrypnik, 25 January [O.S. 13 January, 1872 – 7 July 1933) was a Ukrainian Bolshevik leader who was a proponent of the Ukrainian Republic's independence, and led the cultural Ukrainization effort in Soviet Ukraine.

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Nadezhda Krupskaya

Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, politician, and the wife of Vladimir Lenin from 1898 until his death in 1924.

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Nariman Narimanov

Nariman Karbalayi Najaf oglu Narimanov (Nəriman Kərbəlayi Nəcəf oğlu Nərimanov, Нарима́н Кербелаи Наджа́ф оглу Нарима́нов; – 19 March 1925) was an Azerbaijani Bolshevik revolutionary, writer, publicist, politician and statesman.

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National communism

National communism refers to the various forms in which communism has been adopted and/or implemented by leaders in different countries.

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Nerchinsk katorga

Nerchinsk katorga (Russian: Нерчинская каторга, Nerchinskaya katorga) was a katorga system of the Russian Empire in the Nerchinsk okrug of Transbaikalia (today's Chita Oblast), between rivers Shilka and Argun, near the border to Mongolia, in the 18th to 20th centuries.

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Nikifor Vilonov

Nikifor Efremovic Vilonov (Ники́фор Ефре́мович Вило́нов) (1883-1910) was a Russian revolutionary affiliated to the Bolsheviks who was imprisoned and then forced into exile, dying in Davos, Switzerland in 1910.

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Nikolai Aleksandrovich Rozhkov

Nikolai Rozhkov (1868–1927) (Николай Рожков) was a Russian historian who became an active revolutionary in the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party (R.S.D.L.P.). In 1905 Rozhkov joined the Bolshevik faction of the R.S.D.L.P. At the 5th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party he was elected as a full member of the Central Committee.

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Nikolai Bryukhanov

Nikolai Pavlovich Bryukhanov (party aliases Andrey and Andrey Simbirsky; literary alias N. Pavlov; December 28, 1878 - September 1, 1938) was a Soviet statesman and political figure who served as People's Commissar of Finance between 1926 and 1930.

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Nikolai Bukharin

Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (– 15 March 1938) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician and prolific author on revolutionary theory.

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Nikolai Chuzhak

Nikolai Fedorovich Chuzhak (Николай Фёдорович Чужак, real surname Nasimovich, Насимович; 1876, Nizhny Novgorod – 3 September 1937, St Petersburg) was a Russian Bolshevik journalist.

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Nikolai Khovrin

Nikolai Khovrin (1891 – 1972) was a Russian and Soviet military leader who headed Baltic sailor formations during the October Revolution.

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Nikolai Krylenko

Nikolai Vasilyevich Krylenko (p; May 2, 1885 – July 29, 1938) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet politician.

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Nikolai Semashko (medicine)

Nikolai Aleksandrovich Semashko (Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Сема́шко) (– May 18, 1949), was a Russian statesman who became People's Commissar of Public Health in 1918, and served in that role until 1930.

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Nikolai Uglanov

Nikolai Aleksandrovich Uglanov (1886–1937) was a Russian Bolshevik politician who played an important role in the government of the Soviet Union as a Communist Party leader in the city of Moscow during the 1920s.

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Nikolai Valentinov

Nikolai Valentinov (1879–1964) was a Russian socialist, journalist, philosopher and economist, a member of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party (RSDRP).

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Nikolay Alexandrovich Milyutin

Nikolay Alexandrovich Milyutin, alternatively transliterated as Miliutin (Николай Александрович Милютин, – October 4, 1942) was a Russian trade union and Bolshevik activist, participant in the October Revolution in Petrograd.

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Nikolay Baransky

Nikolay Nikolayevich Baransky (Николай Николаевич Баранский) (— 20 November 1963) was a Soviet economic geographer, founder of Soviet Rayon (Regional) school of economic geography, and corresponding member of Soviet Academy of Sciences (1939); he was a Hero of Socialist Labour (1962) and winner of the Stalin prize (1952).

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Nikolay Bauman

Nikolay Ernestovich Bauman (–) was a professional Russian revolutionary of the Bolshevik party.

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Nikolay Burenin

Nikolay Evgenevich Burenin (Николай Евгеньевич Буренин, also known with aliases "German Fedorovich", "German", "Neburenin" and "Viktor Petrovich", December 5, 1874 – June 30, 1962) was a Russian revolutionary, writer, concert pianist and music collector who worked as an organizer and specialist for Bolshevik illegal operations.

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Nikolay Chkheidze

Nikoloz Semyonovich Chkheidze (ნიკოლოზ (კარლო) ჩხეიძე; Никола́й (Карло) Семёнович Чхеи́дзе), commonly known as Karlo Chkheidze (9 March 1864 – 13 June, 1926), was a Georgian social democratic politician.

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Nikolay Krestinsky

Nikolay Nikolayevich Krestinsky (Никола́й Никола́евич Крести́нский; 13 October 1883 – 15 March 1938) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet politician.

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Nikolay Rusanov

Nikolay Sergeyevich Rusanov (Никола́й Серге́евич Руса́нов; September 16 (28), 1859 in Oryol – July 28, 1939 in Berne), also known under the pseudonyms of K. Tarasov and N. Kudrin, was a Russian revolutionary who connected the revolutionary populist movement of the 1870s with the revolutionary parties of the early twentieth century, particularly the Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party (PSR). Rusanov studied medicine at the Medical and Surgical Academy in St. Petersburg, where he became involved in radical student politics.

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Nina Agadzhanova

Nina Agadzhanova (Shutko) (27 October / 8 November 1889, Ekaterinodar, now Krasnodar – 14 December 1974, Moscow) was a Soviet revolutionary, screenwriter, and film director.

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Nina Aleshina

Nina Alexandrovna Aleshina (Нина Александровна Алёшина; 1924–2012) was a Russian architect and head of the design department for the Moscow Metro for a decade.

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Nina Printing House

Nina was a secret underground printing house in Baku, Russian Empire, established in July 1901 by the Baku Iskraist group, consisting of Lado Ketskhoveli, Leonid Krasin, "Nina" P. Kozerenko, Avel Enukidze and Lev Halperin (Лев Ефимович Гальперин).

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Noe Ramishvili

Noe Besarionis dze Ramishvili (ნოე რამიშვილი; his name is also transliterated as Noah or Noi) (1881 - 7 December 1930) was a Georgian politician and the president of the first government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia.

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Noe Zhordania

Noe Zhordania (ნოე ჟორდანია; Ной Никола́евич Жорда́ния; born — January 11, 1953) was a Georgian journalist and Menshevik politician.

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Non-English press of the Socialist Party of America

For a number of decades after its establishment in August 1901, the Socialist Party of America produced or inspired a vast array of newspapers and magazines in an array different languages.

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Norra Bantorget

Norra Bantorget ("Northern Railway Square") is an area in central Stockholm.

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November 17

No description.

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November 1901

The following events occurred in November 1901.

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Novy Mir (1916 magazine)

Novy Mir (Но́вый Ми́р,, New World) was a magazine published by Russian social democratic émigrés in New York City in 1916–1917 until their return to Russia after the February Revolution of 1917.

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October Revolution

The October Revolution (p), officially known in Soviet literature as the Great October Socialist Revolution (Вели́кая Октя́брьская социалисти́ческая револю́ция), and commonly referred to as Red October, the October Uprising, the Bolshevik Revolution, or the Bolshevik Coup, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolsheviks and Vladimir Lenin that was instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917.

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Olga Kameneva

Olga Davidovna Kameneva (Ольга Давыдовна Каменева, Ольга Давидiвна Каменева; 1883 – 11 September 1941) (née Bronstein — Бронштейн) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet politician.

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Olga Lepeshinskaya (biologist)

Olga Borisovna Lepeshinskaya (Ольга Борисовна Лепешинская) born as Protopopova (Протопопова) (August 18, 1871 – October 2, 1963), was a Soviet biologist, a personal protegée of Vladimir Lenin, later Joseph Stalin, Trofim Lysenko and Alexander Oparin.

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Olga Taratuta

Olga Taratuta (21 January 1876 – 8 February 1938) was a Ukrainian anarcho-communist.

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Orthodox Marxism

Orthodox Marxism is the body of Marxist thought that emerged after the death of Karl Marx (1818–1883) and which became the official philosophy of the socialist movement as represented in the Second International until the First World War in 1914.

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Osip Piatnitsky

Osip Aaronovitch Piatnitsky (Осип Аронович Пятницкий; 1882 – 1938), born Iosif Aronovich Tarshis, was a Russian revolutionary.

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Our Political Tasks

Our Political Tasks (Наши политические задачи) - a pamphlet by Leon Trotsky, published in 1904 as a response to the book of Vladimir Lenin "One Step Forward, Two Steps Back".

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Pati Kremer

Pati Kremer (1867–1943) was a Russian revolutionary socialist and pioneer of the General Jewish Workers' Union in Lithuania, Poland and Russia (Bund).

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Pauls Dauge

Pauls Dauge (born August 22, 1869, Sauka parish – February 9, 1946, Riga) was a Latvian dentist, Bolshevik revolutionary activist and writer.

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Pavel Alexandrovich Alexandrov

Pavel Alexandrovich Alexandrov, Aleksandrov Pavel Alexandrovich (Павел Александрович Александров, 1866, Saint Petersburg - September 24, 1940, Moscow) was a distinguished lawyer and state official of the Russian Empire, councillor of state.

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Pavel Axelrod

Pavel Borisovich Axelrod (Па́вел Бори́сович Аксельро́д; 25 August 1850 – 16 April 1928) was a Russian Menshevik.

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Pavel Lebedev-Polianskii

Pavel Ivanovich Lebedev-Polianskii (21 December 1881 – 2 January 1948) was Bolshevik revolutionary and later state functionary and literary scholar.

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Pavel Postyshev

Pavel Petrovich Postyshev (Па́вел Петро́вич По́стышев; – 26 February 1939) was a Soviet politician.

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People's Secretariat

The People's Secretariat of Ukraine was the executive body of the Provisional Central Executive Committee of Soviets in Ukraine.

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Peter Berngardovich Struve

Peter (or Pyotr or Petr) Berngardovich Struve (Пётр Бернга́рдович Стру́ве; pronounced; 26 January 1870 in Perm – 22 February 1944 in Paris) was a Russian political economist, philosopher and editor.

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Peter Petroff (communist)

Peter Petroff (Петр Петров; 1884 – 12 June 1947) was a Russian communist activist, mostly active in the United Kingdom.

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Pinkhus Rovner

Pinkhus Rovner (Пінхус Ровнер) (1875–1919) was a Jewish Ukrainian Bolshevik revolutionary.

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Polikarp Mdivani

Polikarp "Budu" Mdivani (პოლიკარპე მდივანი; Поликарп Гургенович Мдивани, Polikarp Gurgenovich Mdivani) (1877 – 19 July 1937) was a veteran Georgian Bolshevik and Soviet government official energetically involved in the Russian Revolutions and the Civil War.

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Polina Zhemchuzhina

Polina Semyonovna Zhemchuzhina (born Perl Semyonovna Karpovskaya; 27 February 1897 - 1 April 1970) was a Soviet politician and the wife of the Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov.

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Political parties in Russia

This article discusses political parties in Russia.

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Prague Conference

The Prague Conference, officially the 6th All-Russian Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, was held in Prague, Austria-Hungary on 5–17 January 1912.

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Pravda

Pravda (a, "Truth") is a Russian broadsheet newspaper, formerly the official newspaper of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, when it was one of the most influential papers in the country with a circulation of 11 million.

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Premier of the Soviet Union

The Premier of the Soviet Union (Глава Правительства СССР) was the head of government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).

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Prokofy Dzhaparidze

Prokofy "Alyosha" Aprasionovich Dzhaparidze or Japaridze, (პროკოფი აპრასიონის ძე ჯაფარიძე, Прокофий Апрасионович Джапаридзе; 15 January 1880 – 20 September 1918), was a Communist activist, one of the Red Army and Bolshevik Party leaders in Azerbaijan during the Russian Revolution.

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Proletariatis Brdzola

Proletariatis Brdzola (Georgian პროლეტარიატის ბრძოლა, 'Struggle of the Proletariat') was an illegal Bolshevik newspaper.

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Proletary

Proletary (The Proletarian) was an illegal Russian Bolshevik newspaper edited by Lenin; it was published from September 3, 1906 until December 11, 1909.

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Pyotr Krasikov

Pyotr Ananyevich Krasikov (Петр Ананьевич Красиков) (5 October 1870 – 20 August 1939) was a functionary of the All-Union Communist Party (bolsheviks) and the Soviet Union.

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Pyotr Nikiforov

Pyotr Mikhailovich Nikiforov (Петр Михайлович Никифоров) (1882, Irkutsk Governorate – January 9, 1974, Moscow) was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, and the third Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Far Eastern Republic.

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Pyotr Schmidt

Pyotr Petrovich Schmidt (Пётр Петрович Шмидт; &ndash) was one of the leaders of the Sevastopol Uprising during the Russian Revolution of 1905.

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Pyotr Voykov

Pyotr Lazarevich Voykov (Пётр Ла́заревич Во́йков; party aliases: Пётрусь and Интеллигент, or Piotrus and Intelligent) (– June 7, 1927) was a Soviet revolutionary and diplomat known for his role in the Shooting of the Romanov Family.

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Rabochaya Gazeta

Rabochaya Gazeta (t) was an illegal social democrat newspaper of the Russian Empire, published in 1897 in Kiev.

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Rabocheye Delo

Rabocheye Delo (Рабочее дело, The Workers' Cause) was a non-periodical political newspaper and an organ of the Union of Russian Social Democrats Abroad.

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Rabochy

Rabochy (The Worker) was an illegal Bolshevik newspaper, organ of the district organisations of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in the Vyborg and Petersburg Districts of St.

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Rafail Farbman

Rafail Borisovich Farbman (Рафаил Борисович Фарбман, Рафаіл Борисович Фарбман; 1893–1966) was a Russian Jewish revolutionary and a Bolshevik.

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Raphael Abramovitch

Raphael Abramovitch Rein (1880–1963), best known as Raphael Abramovitch, was a Russian socialist, a member of the General Jewish Workers' Union in Lithuania, Poland and Russia (Bund), and a leader of the Menshevik wing of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party (RSDRP).

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Razhden Arsenidze

Razhden Arsenidze (რაჟდენ არსენიძე) (October 1, 1880 – May 24, 1965) was a Georgian jurist, journalist, and politician.

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Reinholds Bērziņš

Reinholds Bērziņš was a Russian and Soviet military leader from Livonia, victim of the Great Purge in 1938.

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Religion in the Soviet Union

The Soviet Union was established by the Bolsheviks in 1922, in place of the Russian Empire.

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Revolutionary activity of Vladimir Lenin

The Russian communist revolutionary and politician Vladimir Lenin began his active revolutionary activity in 1892, and continued till assuming power in the Russian Revolution of 1917.

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Revolutionary Ukrainian Party

The Revolutionary Ukrainian Party (Революційна Партія України) was a Ukrainian political party in the Russian Empire, founded February 11, 1900 by the Kharkiv Student Hromada.

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Robert Vincent Daniels

Robert Vincent "Bill" Daniels (1926–2010) was an American historian and educator specializing in the history of the Soviet Union.

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Roman Malinovsky

Roman Vatslavovich Malinovsky (Рома́н Вацлавович Малино́вский, 1876–1918) was a prominent Russian Bolshevik politician before the revolution, while at the same time working as the best paid agent for the Okhrana.

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Romuald Muklevich

Romuald Adamovich Muklevich (November 25, 1890 - February 9, 1938) was a Soviet military figure and Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Naval Forces from August 1926 to July 1931.

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Rosa Luxemburg

Rosa Luxemburg (Róża Luksemburg; also Rozalia Luxenburg; 5 March 1871 – 15 January 1919) was a Polish Marxist theorist, philosopher, economist, anti-war activist, and revolutionary socialist who became a naturalized German citizen at the age of 28.

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Rumcherod

Rumcherod was a self-proclaimed and short-lived organ of Soviet power in the South-Western part of Russian Empire that functioned during May 1917–May 1918.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.

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Russian legislative election, 1906

Legislative elections were held in the Russian Empire from 26 March 1906 till 20 April.

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Russian legislative election, 1912

Parliamentary elections were held in the Russian Empire in September 1912 to elect the fourth State Duma.

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Russian legislative election, January 1907

Parliamentary elections were held in the Russian Empire between January and March 1907.

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Russian legislative election, October 1907

Parliamentary elections were held in the Russian Empire in October 1907.

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Russian Maoist Party

The Russian Maoism Party (RMP; Российская маоистская партия, РМП) is a Maoist party in Russia.

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Russian Provisional Government

The Russian Provisional Government (Vremennoye pravitel'stvo Rossii) was a provisional government of Russia established immediately following the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II of the Russian Empire on 2 March 1917.

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Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution was a pair of revolutions in Russia in 1917 which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the rise of the Soviet Union.

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Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks)

The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks) (Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия (меньшевиков)) was a political party in Russia.

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Russian Socialist Federation

The Russian Socialist Federation was a semi-autonomous American political organization which was part of the Socialist Party of America from 1915 until the split of the national organization into rival socialist and communist organizations in the summer of 1919.

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Russian-American Industrial Corporation

The Russian-American Industrial Corporation (RAIC) (Russian: Русско-американская индустриальная корпорация) was an international economic development venture launched in 1922 by the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America in conjunction with the government of Soviet Russia.

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Saint Petersburg Soviet

Saint Petersburg Soviet of Workers' Delegates was a workers' council, or soviet, in Saint Petersburg in 1905.

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Samad aga Agamalioglu

Samad aga Agamalioglu (Səməd ağa Ağamalıoğlu; Самед ага Агамалыоглы; 27 December 1867 – 6 October 1930) was a Soviet statesman and socialist revolutionary, and a participant in the Russian Revolution of 1905 in the Caucasus.

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Savva Morozov

Savva Timofeyevich Morozov (Са́вва Тимофе́евич Моро́зов,, Orekhovo-Zuevo, Bogorodsky Uyezd (Богородский уезд), Moskovskaya Guberniya (Московская губерния), Russian Empire –, Cannes, France) was a Russian textiles magnate and philanthropist. Established by Savva Vasilievich Morozov (Савва Васильевич Морозов), the Morozov family was the fifth richest in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. Savva Timofeyevich Morozov came from an Old Believer merchant family which held the hereditary civil rank of honorary citizen (Почётные граждане). This gave him freedom from conscription, freedom from corporal punishment, and freedom from taxation (Подушный оклад). He grew up at the Morozov house at Trehsvyatitelskaya Lane 1-3c1 (Большой Трёхсвятительский переулок) on Ivanovo Hill (Ивановская горка) in the White City (Белый город), now the boulevards, of Moscow. He attended nearby gymnasium at Pokrovsky Gates. His family home was the most expensive home in Moscow and its Morozov gardens (Морозовский сад) were a favourite place of S. Aksakov, F. Dostoevsky, A. Ostrovsky, L. Tolstoy, and P. Tchaikovsky. Later, he studied physics and mathematics at Moscow University (1885) where he wrote a study on dye and met Mendeleev. Beginning on 7 January 1885, at 10 o'clock in the morning, textile workers at the Morozov factories in Bogorodsk, especially Orekhovo-Zuyevo, went on strike for several weeks. In 1885–1887, he studied chemistry at the University of Cambridge (United Kingdom). While he was in England, he studied the structure of the textile industry in Great Britain, especially Manchester. He married his second cousin's wife Zinaida Grigorievna née Zimin (Зинаида Григорьевна Зимина). They hosted lavish parties and balls that many distinguished Russians and Moscovites attended including Savva Mamontov, Botkin, Feodor Chaliapin, Maxim Gorky, Anton Chekhov, Konstantin Stanislavski, Pyotr Boborykin, and others. On one of these balls recalled Olga Knipper, "I had to go to the ball at Morozova: I've never seen such luxury and wealth." At the beginning of the twentieth century, Morozov was the largest shareholder of the Moscow Art Theatre (MAT) under Stanislavski and Nemirovich-Danchenko. During the summer of 1902, Savva funded Schechtel's, with participation of both Ivan Fomin and Alexander Galetsky, improvements of the Lianozov owned theatre built in 1890 at Kamergersky Lane 3 in Tverskoy. The renovations incorporated Anna Golubkina's high relief plaster of The Wave above the right entrance of the theatre. In 1903, he funded the electrification of the theatre with its own electrical power station and added another small stage which is isolated from the main building to allow full rehearsals during performances on the main stage. All of this made the MAT the most advanced theatre in Russia. For the fifth and sixth seasons (1902–04), Morozov funded the entire cost of the equipment and the operating costs of the building, too. This new theatre had seating for 1200 which was a third more than the older building and greatly enhanced its profitability. However, the rent increased for the seventh season (1904–05) and Morozov ceased paying for the leasehold and the operating cost. He would only pay back the principle for the cost of the improvements which took 9 years. When Gorky's Summerfolk was not well received by Nemirovich-Danchenko and Stanislavski, Gorky left the theatre and Morozov followed. Influenced by Maxim Gorky, he and his nephew Nikolai Pavlovich Schmit were significant financial contributors of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party including the newspaper Iskra. According to the author Suzanne Massie, in Land of the Firebird, Morozov had approached his mother and family matriarch about introducing profit sharing with factory workers, one of the first industrialists to propose such an idea. His mother angrily removed Savva from the family business and one month later apparently despondent Morozov shot himself while in the south of France. Morozov died from a gunshot wound in Cannes, France. His death was officially ruled a suicide; however, various murder theories exist. His mansion became the headquarters of the Moscow Proletkult.

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Schwarzlose Model 1898

The Schwarzlose Model 1898 was a full-size, locked-breech, rotary-bolt, semi-automatic pistol invented by Prussian firearm designer Andreas Wilhelm Schwarzlose.

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Second All Russian Conference of Trade Unions

The Second All Russian Conference of Trade Unions took place in February 1906.

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Seekers of Happiness

Seekers of Happiness (Iskateli schastya) is a Soviet propaganda film from 1936 trying to attract Jews for the Jewish Autonomous Oblast (JAO) in the far east of the USSR.

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Semyon Dimanstein

Semyon Dimanstein (Шимон (Семен Маркович) Диманштейн (1886 (uncertain) – August 1938) was a Soviet state activist, publisher, theorist of national issues in the USSR, and one of the founders of the Soviet Oriental studies. He was considered by the Soviet regime to be a representative of Soviet Jews.

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Semyon Sereda

Semyon Pafnutyevich Sereda (Семён Пафнутьевич Середа) (February 1, 1871 – May 21, 1933) was a Soviet politician.

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Sergei Prokopovich

Sergei Nikolaevich Prokopovich (Серге́й Николаевич Прокопович; 1871–1955) was a Russian economist, sociologist, "Revisionist" Social-Democrat and liberal politician.

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Sergey Ivanovich Gusev

Sergei Ivanovich Gusev (real name - Yakov Davidovich Drabkin, January 1, 1874, Sapozhok, Ryazan Governorate - June 10, 1933, Moscow) - a Russian revolutionary, a Bolshevik and Soviet party leader.

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Sergey Kavtaradze

Sergey or Sergo Kavtaradze (Georgian: სერგო ქავთარაძე, Sergo Kavtaradze; Russian: Сергей Иванович Кавтарадзе, Sergey Ivanovich Kavtaradze; 15 August 1885 – 17 October 1971) was a Soviet politician and diplomat who briefly served as head of government in the Georgian SSR and as Deputy Prosecutor General of the Soviet Union.

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Sergey Kirov

Sergei Mironovich Kirov (born Kostrikov; – 1 December 1934) was a prominent early Bolshevik leader in the Soviet Union.

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Sergey Suvorov

Sergey Alexandrovich Suvorov (Суворов (Борисов) Сергей Александрович) (1869–1918) was a Russian statistician, philosopher and revolutionary.

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Sergey Tsion

Sergei Anatoljevich Tsion (Сергей Анатолиевич Цион, 1874 – 1947) was an Imperial Russian Army captain who was one of the leaders of the Sveaborg Rebellion in 1906.

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Sergey Yustinovich Bagotsky

Sergey Yustinovich Bagotsky (Серге́й Юстинович Багоцкий; 15 February 1879 - 15 March 1953) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and Soviet medicine and Red Cross diplomat, Soviet head of the Red Cross representative mission to Geneva from 1918 to 1936.

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Sergo Ordzhonikidze

Grigory Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze (გრიგოლ კონსტანტინეს ძე ორჯონიკიძე Grigol Konstantines dze Orjonikidze; Григо́рий Константи́нович Орджоники́дзе Grigori Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze), generally known as Sergo Ordzhonikidze (სერგო ორჯონიკიძე; Серго́ Орджоники́дзе);, Kutais Governorate – 18 February 1937, Moscow) was a Georgian Bolshevik, later member of the CPSU Politburo and close associate of Joseph Stalin. Ordzhonikidze, Stalin and Anastas Mikoyan comprised what was jokingly referred to as the "Caucasian Clique.".

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Shalva Eliava

Shalva Eliava (შალვა ელიავა; Ша́лва Зура́бович Элиа́ва, Shalva Zurabovich Eliava) (September 30, 1883, Ganiri – December 3, 1937) was a Georgian Old Bolshevik and Soviet official who contributed to Sovietization of Central Asia and Caucasus but fell victim to Joseph Stalin’s Great Purge.

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Shuliavka Republic

The Shuliavska Republic (Шулявська республіка; Шулявская республика) was a self-declared entity in Shuliavka neighborhood, Kiev by workers of the factory of Greter, Krivanek, & Co (today Bilshovyk Factory) and students of the Kiev Polytechnic Institute.

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Siberian Social-Democratic Union

Siberian Social-Democratic Union (Сибирский социал-демократический союз) was a Siberian organization of Social Democratic groups.

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Siberian Zimmerwaldists

The Siberian Zimmerwaldists were a political grouping which emerged in 1915 in Siberia amongst political exiles in Irkutsk.

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Sidney Hillman

Sidney Hillman (March 23, 1887 – July 10, 1946) was an American labor leader. He was the head of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America and was a key figure in the founding of the Congress of Industrial Organizations and in marshaling labor's support for Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the Democratic Party.

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Smolny

Smolny is a place name in central Saint Petersburg, Russia.

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Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania

The Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (Socjaldemokracja Królestwa Polskiego i Litwy, SDKPiL), originally the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland (SDKP), was a Marxist political party founded in 1893.

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Social Democratic Labour Party

Social Democratic Labour Party may refer to.

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Social Democratic Party

The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by a large number of political parties in various countries around the world.

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Social Democratic Party (Netherlands)

Social Democratic Party of the Netherlands was founded on March 14, 1909, as a breakaway from the Dutch Social Democratic Workers' Party.

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Social Democratic Party (Persia)

The Social Democratic Party (Ferqa'ye Ejtemāʿīyūn-e ʿāmmīyūn) was a political party formed by Persian emigrants in Transcaucasia with the help of local revolutionaries, maintaining close ties to the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party and Hemmat Party.

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Social Democratic Party of Georgia

The Social Democratic Party of Georgia (საქართველოს სოციალ-დემოკრატიული პარტია, sakartvelos sotsial-demok'rat'iuli p'art'ia), also known as the Georgian Menshevik Party, was a Georgian Marxist, and later, social democratic political party.

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Social Democratic Workers' Party

Social Democratic Workers' Party may refer to one of the following parties.

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Socialism

Socialism is a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.

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Socialism in Iran

Socialism in Iran or Iranian socialism is a political ideology that traces its beginnings to the 20th century and encompasses various political parties in the country.

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Socialist Democratic Party

Socialist Democratic Party may refer to.

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Socialist Revolutionary Party

The Socialist Revolutionary Party, or Party of Socialists-Revolutionaries (the SRs; Партия социалистов-революционеров (ПСР), эсеры, esery) was a major political party in early 20th century Imperial Russia.

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Solomon Lozovsky

Solomon Lozovsky (Соломон Абрамович Лозовский, family birth name: Dridzo Дридзо, 1878–1952) was a prominent Communist and Bolshevik revolutionary, a high ranking official in the Soviet government, including as a Presidium member of the All-Union Central Council of Soviet Trade Unions, a Central Committee member of the Communist Party, a member of the Supreme Soviet, a deputy people's commissar for foreign affairs and the head of the Soviet Information Bureau (Sovinformburo).

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Solomon Mogilevsky

Solomon Grigorevich Mogilevsky (Соломо́н Григо́рьевич Могиле́вский; 1885 – March 22, 1925) headed the Soviet foreign intelligence service, the INO of the GPU, from 1921 until May 1922.

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Spilka

The Spilka (Ukrainian Social-Democratic Union) arose late in 1904 having broken away from the Revolutionary Ukrainian Party.

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Stalin and antisemitism

The question of how antisemitic Joseph Stalin was is widely discussed by historians.

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Stanislav Kosior

Stanisław Vikentyevich Kosior, sometimes spelled Kossior (18 November 1889 – 26 February 1939) was one of three Kosior brothers, ethnically Polish Soviet politicians.

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State Duma (Russian Empire)

The State Duma or Imperial Duma was the Lower House, part of the legislative assembly in the late Russian Empire, which held its meetings in the Taurida Palace in St. Petersburg.

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Stepan Sapah-Gulian

Stepan Sapah-Gulian (Ստեփան Սապահ Գիւլեան, 1861 – 1928) was a prominent Armenian journalist, political scientist, intellectual and a leader of the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party.

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Stepan Shaumian

Stepan Georgevich Shaumian (Степан Георгиевич Шаумян; Ստեփան Շահումյան, Step’an Shahumyan; 1 October 1878 – 20 September 1918) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and politician active throughout the Caucasus.

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Sultan Majid Afandiyev

Sultan Majid Afandiyev (Sultan Məcid Əfəndiyev; Султан Меджид Эфендиев), also spelled Efendiyev (May 26, 1887 – April 21, 1938) was an Azerbaijani revolutionary and statesman, one of the founders of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan.

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Sylvester Dzhibladze

Sylvester Dzhibladze was a founder of the Social-Democratic movement in the Caucasus and one of Joseph Stalin's teachers.

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Tampere Lenin Museum

The Tampere Lenin Museum (Lenin-museo) is a museum devoted to Vladimir Lenin in Tampere, Finland.

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Tampere Workers' Hall

Tampere Workers' Hall (also known as the Puistotorni, The Park Tower) is a conference and congress centre in Tampere, Finland.

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The Class Struggle (magazine)

The Class Struggle was a bi-monthly Marxist theoretical magazine published in New York City by the Socialist Publication Society.

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The Revolution Betrayed

The Revolution Betrayed: What Is the Soviet Union and Where Is It Going? (Преданная революция: Что такое СССР и куда он идет?) is a book published in 1937 by the exiled Soviet Bolshevik leader Leon Trotsky.

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Theodore Rothstein

Theodore Rothstein (Фёдор Аронович Ротштейн, Fyodor Aronovich Rotshteyn; 14 February 1871 30 August 1953) was a journalist, writer and communist.

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Timeline of Batumi

No description.

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Timeline of Minsk

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Minsk, Belarus.

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Timeline of Russian history

This is a timeline of Russian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Russia and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of the 20th century

This is a timeline of the 20th century.

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Timofei Sapronov

Timofei Vladimirovich Sapronov (Тимофе́й Влади́мирович Сапро́нов; 1887 – September 28, 1937) was a Russian revolutionary, Old Bolshevik and socialist militant.

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Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic

The Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (TDFR; Закавказская демократическая Федеративная Республика (ЗКДФР); Zakavkazskaya Demokraticheskaya Federativnaya Respublika (ZKDFR); 22 April28 May 1918), also known as the Transcaucasian Federation, was a short-lived South Caucasian state extending across what are now the modern-day countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, plus parts of Eastern Turkey as well as Russian border areas.

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Ukrainian Constituent Assembly

The Ukrainian Constituent Assembly (Українські Установчі Збори) was a planned All-National Congress which was supposed to confirm the Constitution of the Ukrainian People's Republic and establish a new political system.

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Ukrainian Constituent Assembly election, 1918

Elections to the Ukrainian Constituent Assembly (Вибори до Українських Установчих Зборів) were never finished as a result of events in the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the following.

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Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party

The Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party (Украї́нська соціа́л-демократи́чна робітни́ча па́ртія, Ukrayínsʹka sotsiál-demokratýchna robitnýcha pártiya) was the leading party of the Ukrainian People's Republic and was also known as SDPists or Esdeky.

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Uneven and combined development

Uneven and combined development (or unequal and combined development) is a Marxist concept to describe the overall dynamics of human history.

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Union of Russian Social Democrats Abroad

Union of Russian Social-Democrats Abroad was an organization of emigrant Russian socialists, set up in Geneva in 1894 on the initiative of the Emancipation of Labour group.

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Union of Socialists-Revolutionaries Maximalists

Union of Socialists-Revolutionaries Maximalists was a political party in the Russian Empire, a radical wing expelled from the Socialist-Revolutionary Party in 1906.

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Union of Unions

The Union of Unions (Russian: Союз союзов, Soyuz soyuzov) was a wide alliance of various professional unions formed in 1905, active during the revolutionary last years of the Russian Empire.

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V. Volodarsky

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Vadim Podbelsky

Vadim Nikolayevich Podbelsky (November 1887 - February 25, 1920) was a Russian revolutionary and Bolshevik politician following the Russian Revolution.

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Valentin Trifonov

Valentin Andreyevich Trifonov (1888–1938) was one of the leaders of Cossack revolutionary forces who played a major role in establishment of Soviet rule in the Don Voisko Province.

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Valerian Kuybyshev

Valerian Vladimirovich Kuybyshev (Валериа́н Влади́мирович Ку́йбышев; – 25 January 1935) was a Russian revolutionary, Red Army officer, and prominent Soviet politician.

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Valery Mezhlauk

Valery Ivanovich Mezhlauk (Валерий Иванович Межлаук; Valērijs Mežlauks) (1893–1938) was a government and party official in the Soviet Union during the decades of the 1920s and 1930s.

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Valiko Jugheli

Vladimir “Valiko” Jugheli (ვალიკო ჯუღელი) (January 1, 1887 - January 9, 1924) was a Georgian politician and military commander.

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Vanguardism

In the context of the theory of Marxist–Leninist revolutionary struggle, vanguardism is a strategy whereby the most class-conscious and politically advanced sections of the proletariat or working class, described as the revolutionary vanguard, form organizations in order to draw larger sections of the working class towards revolutionary politics and serve as manifestations of proletarian political power against its class enemies.

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Varlam Avanesov

Varlam Aleksandrovich Avanesov (Варлаам Александрович Аванесов; born Suren Karpovich Martirosyan, Russian: Сурен Карпович Мартиросян; 1884 – March 16, 1930) was an Armenian Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet communist politician.

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Vasiliy Averin

Vasiliy Averin was a Russian revolutionary, chekist, a member of the Soviet government in Ukraine.

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Vasily Anisimoff

Vasìly Onisimovich Afanàsiev (alias Vasìly Anisimovich Anìsimoff) was a revolutionary and a propagandist of Marxism as well as a prominent activist and supporter of the Russian and international Socialist movement.

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Vasily Blyukher

Vasily Konstantinovich Blyukher (also spelled Bliukher, Blücher, etc., (December 1 1889– November 9, 1938) was a Soviet military commander.

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Vasily Chapayev

Vasily Ivanovich Chapayev or Chapaev (Васи́лий Ива́нович Чапа́ев; – September 5, 1919) was a celebrated Russian soldier and Red Army commander during the Russian Civil War.

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Vasily Vorontsov

Vasilii Pavlovich Vorontsov (Pseudonym: V.V., 1847–December 1918) was an influential Russian narodnik economist and sociologist, one of the principal protagonists in the controversy between narodnik and Marxist economists (like G. V. Plekhanov and P. B. Struve) in the 1880s and 1890s.

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Vasily Yakovlev

Vasily Vasilyevich Yakovlev (16 September 1938) was a Finnish (of Latvian ancestry) old Bolshevik revolutionary and politician.

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Vasyl Polyakov

Vasily Vasilovich Polyakov (1893, Lyudinovo - 18 November 1937, Kiev) was a Soviet Russian politician.

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Vatslav Vorovsky

Vatslav Vatslavovich Vorovsky (Russian: Ва́цлав Ва́цлавович Воро́вский; Polish: Wacław Worowski) (1871 – 1923) was a Marxist revolutionary, literary critic, and Soviet Russian diplomat.

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Vera Karelina

Vera Markovna Karelina (née Markova; Вера Марковна Карелина; 1870–1931) was a Russian labour activist and revolutionary, one of the leaders of the Georgy Gapon's Assembly of Russian Factory and Mill Workers of St. Petersburg and the Bloody Sunday procession.

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Vera Zasulich

Vera Ivanovna Zasulich (Ве́ра Ива́новна Засу́лич; – 8 May 1919) was a Russian Menshevik writer and revolutionary.

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Viktor Chernov

Víktor Mikháilovich Chernóv (Ви́ктор Миха́йлович Черно́в; December 7, 1873 – April 15, 1952) was a Russian revolutionary and one of the founders of the Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party.

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Viktor Kingissepp

Viktor Kingissepp (in Kaarma, Saaremaa – 4 May 1922 in Tallinn) was an Estonian communist politician, the leader of the Estonian Communist Party.

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Viktor Kurnatovsky

Victor Kurnatovsky graduated from the Zurich University and was an engineer by trade.

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Viktor Nogin

Viktor Pavlovich Nogin (Ви́ктор Па́влович Ноги́н; 14 February 1878 – 22 May 1924) was a prominent Bolshevik in Moscow, holding many high positions in the party and in government, including Chairman of the Moscow Military-Revolutionary Committee and Chairman of the Presidium of the Executive Committee of Moscow Council of Workers' Deputies.

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Vilna Group

The Vilna Group was a circle of Jewish Social-Democrats which met secretly in the city of Vilna, then part of the Russian empire (now Vilnius in Lithuania).

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Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas

Vincas Mickevičius (Mickiewicz), known under his pen name Kapsukas (– 17 February 1935), was a Lithuanian communist political activist and revolutionary.

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Vitaly Primakov

Vitaliy Markovich Primakov (Виталий Маркович Примаков; Віталій Маркович Примаков) (3 December 1897 – 12 June 1937) was a Soviet military leader, commander of the Red Cossacks corps, and part of the Red Army.

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Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko

Vladimir Alexandrovich Antonov-Ovseyenko (Владимир Александрович Антонов-Овсеенко; Володимир Антонов-Овсєєнко; 9 March 1883 – 10 February 1938), real surname Ovseyenko, party aliases the 'Bayonet' (Штык) and 'Nikita' (Ники́та), a literary pseudonym A. Gal (А. Га́льский), was a prominent Ukrainian Bolshevik leader and diplomat.

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Vladimir Bazarov

Vladimir Alexandrovich Bazarov (Russian: Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович База́ров; 1874–1939) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary, journalist, philosopher, and economist, born Vladimir Alexandrovich Rudnev.

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Vladimir Bobrovsky

Vladimir Semyonovich Bobrovsky (Владимир Семёнович Бобровский; 15 October 187330 March 1924) was a Russian revolutionary Marxist active in the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party and the Russian Bolshevik Party.

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Vladimir Darchiashvili

Vladimir "Lado" Darchiashvili (ვლადიმერ დარჩიაშვილი) (1872 – May 7, 1916) was a Georgian journalist and politician involved with the social democratic movement early in the 1900s.

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Vladimir Ksandrov

Vladimir Nikolaevich Ksandrov (Владимир Николаевич Ксандров) (January 12, 1877 ((O.S.)December 31, 1876) – 1942) was a Soviet politician, Old Bolshevik, member of the RSDLP since 1904.

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Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, better known by the alias Lenin (22 April 1870According to the new style calendar (modern Gregorian), Lenin was born on 22 April 1870. According to the old style (Old Julian) calendar used in the Russian Empire at the time, it was 10 April 1870. Russia converted from the old to the new style calendar in 1918, under Lenin's administration. – 21 January 1924), was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician and political theorist.

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Vladimir Mayakovsky

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (Владимир Владимирович Маяковский; – 14 April 1930) was a Russian Soviet poet, playwright, artist, and actor.

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Vladimir Milyutin

Vladimir Pavlovich Milyutin (1884–1937) was a Bolshevik leader, who was People's Commissar for Agriculture in the original soviet government formed on the day of the Bolshevik revolution, but resigned in protest against Vladimir Lenin's decision to impose one party rule.

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Vladimir Nevsky

Vladimir Ivanovich Nevsky (2 (14) May 1876, Rostov on Don – 26 May 1937) was a Russian revolutionary, Bolshevik functionary and historian.

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Vladimir Polonsky

Vladimir Ivanovich Polonsky (Vladimir Polonski Ivan oğlu, Полонский, Владимир Иванович; June 17, 1893 – October 30, 1937), was the 5th First Secretary of Azerbaijan Communist Party and a revolutionary.

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Vlas Chubar

Vlas Yakovlevich Chubar (Влас Якович Чубар; Вла́с Я́ковлевич Чуба́рь) (– 26 February 1939) was a Ukrainian Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet politician and one of the organizers of the 1932–33 famine in Ukraine.

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VOKS

VOKS (an acronym for the Russian "Vsesoiuznoe Obshchestvo Kul'turnoi Sviazi s zagranitsei" — Всесоюзное общество культурной связи с заграницей, All-Union Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries) was an entity created by the government of the Soviet Union in 1925 to promote international cultural contact between writers, composers, musicians, cinematographers, artists, scientists, educators, and athletes of the USSR with those of other countries.

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Voldemar Aussem

Voldemar Khristianovich Aussem (Вольдемар (Владимир) Христианович Ауссем), (in Oryol – 1936), was a nobleman, communist official and Soviet diplomat.

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Volodymyr Zatonsky

Volodymyr Zatonsky (Володи́мир Зато́нський; Затонский, Владимир Петрович Vladimir Petrovich Zatonsky) (July 27, 1888 – July 29, 1938) was a Soviet politician, Communist Party activist, and member of the Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences (since 1929).

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Vpered

Vpered (Forward or Hasten) (1909–1912) was an organization emanating from within the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Russian Social Democracy or RSDLP).

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Vperyod

Vperyod (Forward) was the factional newspaper of the Bolsheviks after the split at the second congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.

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Vyacheslav Ivanovich Zof

Vyacheslav Ivanovich Zof (Вячеслав Иванович Зоф in Russian) (December 1889, Dubno - June 20, 1937) was a Soviet military figure and a statesman of Czech ethnicity.

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Vyacheslav Menzhinsky

Vyacheslav Rudolfovich Menzhinsky (Вячесла́в Рудо́льфович Менжи́нский, Wiaczesław Mężyński; 19 August 1874 – 10 May 1934) was a Polish-Russian revolutionary, a Soviet statesman and Party official who served as chairman of the OGPU from 1926 to 1934.

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Vyacheslav Molotov

Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov (né Skryabin; 9 March 1890 – 8 November 1986) was a Soviet politician and diplomat, an Old Bolshevik, and a leading figure in the Soviet government from the 1920s, when he rose to power as a protégé of Joseph Stalin.

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What Is To Be Done?

What Is To Be Done? Burning Questions of Our Movement (Chto delat'?), is a political pamphlet written by the Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin (credited as "N. Lenin") in 1901 and published in 1902.

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White émigré

A white émigré was a Russian subject who emigrated from Imperial Russia in the wake of the Russian Revolution and Russian Civil War, and who was in opposition to the contemporary Russian political climate.

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Wladimir S. Woytinsky

Wladimir S. Woytinsky (Владимир Савельевич Войтинский, Vladimir Savelyevich Voytinskiy; November 12, 1885 – June 11, 1960) was a Russian politician and economist.

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Xösäyen Yamaşev

Yamaşev Xösäyen Minhacetdin ulı (pronounced in Tatar; Cyrillic: Ямашев Хөсәен Минһаҗетдин улы; Яма́шев Хусаи́н Мингазетди́нович; transl. Yamashev Khusain Mingazetdinovich, 1882–1912) was a Tatar social democrat revolutionary and publicist.

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Yakov Agranov

Yakov Saulovich Agranov (Я́ков Сау́лович Агра́нов) (born Yankel Samuilovich Sorenson; 1893 – 1938) was the first chief of Soviet Main Directorate of State Security and a deputy of NKVD chief Genrikh Yagoda.

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Yakov Alksnis

Yakov Ivanovich Alksnis (Jēkabs Alksnis, Яков Иванович Алкснис, 26 January 1897 – 28 July 1938) was the commander of the Red Army Air Forces from 1931 to 1937.

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Yakov Ganetsky

Yakov Hanecki (known in Russia as Yakov Stanislavovich Ganetsky - Яков Станиславович Ганецкий), real name Jakub Fürstenberg (Fuerstenberg) also known as Kuba (15 March 1879 — 26 November 1937) was a prominent Polish communist and close associate of Vladimir Lenin,Залесский К.А. Империя Сталина. (Zalesskiy K.A. Stalin's Empire. Biographical encyclopedic dictionary. Moscow, Meeting, 2000) famous as one of the financial wizards who arranged, through his close working relationship with Alexander Parvus, the secret German funding that helped the Bolsheviks seize power in the October Revolution of 1917 - after which he served as a middle ranking soviet official until his arrest.

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Yakov Sverdlov

Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov (Яков Михайлович Свердлов; 3 June 1885 – 16 March 1919) known by pseudonyms "Andrei", "Mikhalych", "Max", "Smirnov", "Permyakov"; was a Bolshevik party administrator and chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.

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Yakov Zevin

Yakov Davidovich Zevin (1888–1918) was a Jewish Communist activist, one of the Bolshevik Party leaders in Azerbaijan during the Russian Revolution.

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Yedinstvo

Yedinstvo or Edinstvo (p, "'Unity") was a faction within the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP) between 1914 and 1917 and then a small independent party in 1917 and 1918.

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Yekaterina Kuskova

Yekaterina Dmitriyevna Kuskova (1869–1958) was a Russian economist, journalist and politician involved in founding both the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party (RSDRP) and the liberal Constitutional Democratic Party.

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Yemelyan Yaroslavsky

Yemelyan Mikhailovich Yaroslavsky (Емельян Михайлович Ярославский, born Minei Izrailevich Gubelman, Мине́й Изра́илевич Губельма́н; – 4 December 1943) was an ethnic Jewish Russian Bolshevik Revolutionary, Communist Party Member, Journalist, and Historian.

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Yevgeni Preobrazhensky

Yevgeni Alekseyevich Preobrazhensky (p; 1886–1937) was a Russian revolutionary and economist.

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Yevgenia Bosch

Yevgenia Bosch (Євгенія Богданівна (Готлібівна) Бош; Евге́ния Богда́новна (Го́тлибовна) Бош) (Yevgenia Bogdanovna (Gotlibovna) Bosch), also known as Evgenia Bosh, Evgenia Bogtdanovna Bosch or Evheniya Bohdanivna Bosch (August 1879 – 5 January 1925) was a Bolshevik activist, politician, and member of the Soviet government in Ukraine during the revolutionary period in the early 20th century.

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Young Communist League USA

The Young Communist League USA (YCLUSA) was a communist youth organization in the United States.

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Yukhym Medvedev

Yukhym Medvedev (Юхим Медведєв, Ефим Григорьевич Медведев) (1 April 1886–7 June 1938) was the first elected chairman of the Soviet parliament in Ukraine.

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Yuri Gaven

Yuri Gaven is a Latvian revolutionary of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, chekist, key figure in defeating of the Crimean People's Republic (with establishment of the so-called Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic) and active participant of the "Red Terror" in Crimea.

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Yuriy Kotsiubynsky

Yuriy Kotsiubynsky (Юрій Михайлович Коцюбинський) (December 7, 1896 – March 8, 1937) was a Bolshevik politician, activist, member of the Soviet government in Ukraine, one of the co-founders of Red Cossacks Army of Ukrainian Republic.

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Yuzhny Rabochy

Yuzhny Rabochy (p, "Southern Worker") was a Social-Democratic group formed in the South of Russia in the autumn of 1900 around an illegal newspaper of that name (the first issue was published in January 1900 by the Ekaterinoslav Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, the twelfth and last—in April 1903).

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Zigmas Angarietis

Zigmas Angarietis (born Zigmontas Antanas Aleksa, Зигмас Ангаретис; June 13, 1882 – May 22, 1940) was a Lithuanian communist, Russian revolutionary, one of the leaders of the Communist Party of Lithuania.

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Zinaida Reich

Zinaida Nikolayevna Reich (the last name also spelled Raikh or Raih; Зинаида Николаевна Райх; – 15 July 1939) was a Russian actress and became one of the main stars of the Meyerhold Theatre until it was closed under Joseph Stalin.

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1898 in Russia

Events from the year 1898 in Russia.

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1903

No description.

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1905 Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire, some of which was directed at the government.

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1907 Tiflis bank robbery

The 1907 Tiflis bank robbery, also known as the Yerevan Square expropriation, was an armed robbery on 26 June 1907 in the city of Tiflis in the Tiflis Governorate in the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire (now Georgia's capital, Tbilisi).

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1st Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

The 1st Congress of the RSDLP (Russian: Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия, РСДРП) was held between March 13–March 15 (March 1–March 3, O.S.) 1898 in Minsk, Russian Empire (now Belarus) in secrecy.

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2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

The 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party was held during July 30–August 23 (July 17–August 10, O.S.) 1903, starting in Brussels, Belgium (until August 6) and ending in London.

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4th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

The Fourth (Unity) Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party that took place in Stockholm, Sweden, from 10-25 April (23 April to 8 May), 1906.

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5th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

The 5th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party was held in London between May 13 and June 1, 1907.

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7th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)

The 7th (extraordinary) Congress of the RSDLP(b) (Russian Social Democratic Labor Party), also known as the Extraordinary 7th Congress of the RCP(b) (Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)), was held between 6–8 March 1918.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party

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