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Scientific consensus

Index Scientific consensus

Scientific consensus is the collective judgment, position, and opinion of the community of scientists in a particular field of study. [1]

217 relations: A Troublesome Inheritance, Abortion–breast cancer hypothesis, Academy of Science of South Africa, Aftermath of the Holocaust, Alternative medicine, Altria, Andre Chad Parenzee, Andrew Dessler, Animal model of autism, Archaeological interest of Pedra da Gávea, Argumentum ad populum, Armenian Genocide denial, Atmosphere of Earth, Autism's False Prophets, Availability cascade, Bastyr University, Behavioural genetics, Beringia, Bert Brown, Big Bang, Bill Nye–Ken Ham debate, Biotechnology, Bohr–Einstein debates, Brachymeiosis, Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc., C/2002 V1 (NEAT), Carbon lock-in, Catastrophism, Center for Science and Culture, Certainty, Chandra Wickramasinghe, Charles Krauthammer, Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry, Climate change, Condom, Consensus (disambiguation), Conservapedia, Consilience, Conspiracy theories in Turkey, Contrarian, Controversies in autism, Creation and evolution in public education, Creation Ministries International, Creation Museum, Creation science, Creation–evolution controversy, Creationism, Credibility, Critical Path Institute, Cryonics, ..., Cultural cognition, D'Alembert's paradox, D. James Kennedy, David L. Downie, Day-age creationism, Decade of the Mind, Denialism, Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS, Diospi Suyana, Discovery Institute intelligent design campaigns, Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories, Disposable soma theory of aging, Doubt Is Their Product, Duesberg hypothesis, Earth, Edward McSweegan, Environmental skepticism, Evolutionary capacitance, Ex-gay movement, Expanding Earth, Expert elicitation, Extrasensory perception, Facilitated communication, Feathers: The Evolution of a Natural Miracle, Flood geology, Fractal cosmology, GBM, Genesis flood narrative, Genetic engineering, Genetically modified canola, Genetically modified crops, Genetically modified food, Genetically modified food controversies, Genetically modified maize, Genetically modified organism, Genetically modified soybean, Geological Society of America, Global Roundtable on Climate Change, Global warming, Global warming controversy, GMO Answers, Great Divergence, Hard and soft science, Health at Every Size, Hierarchy of the sciences, History of HIV/AIDS, History of masturbation, History of pseudoscience, History of the creation–evolution controversy, HIV/AIDS denialism, HIV/AIDS denialism in South Africa, Hockey stick controversy, Hockey stick graph, Hueyatlaco, Hungarian language, I'm not a scientist, Ice giant, Index of climate change articles, Index of education articles, Intelligent design, Intelligent design and science, Intelligent design movement, Inventing the AIDS Virus, Ionization cone, IPCC Summary for Policymakers, Iron fertilization, Jan C. A. Boeyens, Jerry Taylor, Jill Stein, Jonathan Wells (intelligent design advocate), Joseph Sonnabend, Kensington Runestone, Kevin Folta, La Venta, Leipzig Declaration, LGBT in Islam, Life, List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources, List of Latin phrases (C), List of nearest terrestrial exoplanet candidates, List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming, List of topics characterized as pseudoscience, Manufactured controversy, March Against Monsanto, Masturbation, Medical consensus, Medically unexplained physical symptoms, Merchants of Doubt, Merchants of Doubt (film), Mertonian norms, Migration Period, Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS, MMR vaccine controversy, Models of communication, Natural transfer, Network of African Science Academies, Noah's Ark, Non-standard cosmology, Objections to evolution, Objectivity (science), Ocular dominance column, Olmec alternative origin speculations, Opinion, OPV AIDS hypothesis, Origin of birds, Passive smoking, Paul Offit, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta, Perpetual motion, Peter Duesberg, Peter Stilbs, Phillip E. Johnson, PI-RADS, Piers Corbyn, Plant genetics, Political positions of Hillary Clinton, Politicization of science, Pregnancy from rape, Progressive creationism, Protoscience, Psychological abuse, Public opinion on global warming, Race (human categorization), Regulation of genetic engineering, Reiner Grundmann, Reusch's Moraine, Risk factors for breast cancer, Rob Schneider, Robert Eisenman, Scientific community, Scientific dissent, Scientific opinion on climate change, Scientific theory, Scientocracy, Selman v. Cobb County School District, Sexual fluidity, Sexual orientation, Skeptical Science, Spastic cerebral palsy, Spastic diplegia, State of Denial (film), Status quaestionis, Stephan Lewandowsky, Surveys of scientists' views on climate change, Teach the Controversy, Techno-progressivism, Temperature record of the past 1000 years, Terrain theory, Thabo Mbeki, The International Network of Cholesterol Skeptics, The Natural Step, The Other Side of AIDS, The Panda's Thumb (blog), The Perth Group, The Principle, The Voyage that Shook the World, Thiomersal, Thiomersal controversy, Tired light, Truth in Science, Uffe Ravnskov, Ufology, Uncertainty, Uniformitarianism, Václav Klaus, Wegman Report, Young Earth creationism. Expand index (167 more) »

A Troublesome Inheritance

A Troublesome Inheritance: Genes, Race and Human History is a 2014 book by British writer and journalist Nicholas Wade, a retired science reporter for The New York Times.

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Abortion–breast cancer hypothesis

The abortion–breast cancer hypothesis posits that having an induced abortion can increase the risk of getting breast cancer.

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Academy of Science of South Africa

The Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) is the national science academy for that country.

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Aftermath of the Holocaust

The Holocaust had a deep effect on society in both Europe and the rest of the world.

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Alternative medicine

Alternative medicine, fringe medicine, pseudomedicine or simply questionable medicine is the use and promotion of practices which are unproven, disproven, impossible to prove, or excessively harmful in relation to their effect — in the attempt to achieve the healing effects of medicine.--> --> --> They differ from experimental medicine in that the latter employs responsible investigation, and accepts results that show it to be ineffective. The scientific consensus is that alternative therapies either do not, or cannot, work. In some cases laws of nature are violated by their basic claims; in some the treatment is so much worse that its use is unethical. Alternative practices, products, and therapies range from only ineffective to having known harmful and toxic effects.--> Alternative therapies may be credited for perceived improvement through placebo effects, decreased use or effect of medical treatment (and therefore either decreased side effects; or nocebo effects towards standard treatment),--> or the natural course of the condition or disease. Alternative treatment is not the same as experimental treatment or traditional medicine, although both can be misused in ways that are alternative. Alternative or complementary medicine is dangerous because it may discourage people from getting the best possible treatment, and may lead to a false understanding of the body and of science.-->---> Alternative medicine is used by a significant number of people, though its popularity is often overstated.--> Large amounts of funding go to testing alternative medicine, with more than US$2.5 billion spent by the United States government alone.--> Almost none show any effect beyond that of false treatment,--> and most studies showing any effect have been statistical flukes. Alternative medicine is a highly profitable industry, with a strong lobby. This fact is often overlooked by media or intentionally kept hidden, with alternative practice being portrayed positively when compared to "big pharma". --> The lobby has successfully pushed for alternative therapies to be subject to far less regulation than conventional medicine.--> Alternative therapies may even be allowed to promote use when there is demonstrably no effect, only a tradition of use. Regulation and licensing of alternative medicine and health care providers varies between and within countries. Despite laws making it illegal to market or promote alternative therapies for use in cancer treatment, many practitioners promote them.--> Alternative medicine is criticized for taking advantage of the weakest members of society.--! Terminology has shifted over time, reflecting the preferred branding of practitioners.. Science Based Medicine--> For example, the United States National Institutes of Health department studying alternative medicine, currently named National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, was established as the Office of Alternative Medicine and was renamed the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine before obtaining its current name. Therapies are often framed as "natural" or "holistic", in apparent opposition to conventional medicine which is "artificial" and "narrow in scope", statements which are intentionally misleading. --> When used together with functional medical treatment, alternative therapies do not "complement" (improve the effect of, or mitigate the side effects of) treatment.--> Significant drug interactions caused by alternative therapies may instead negatively impact functional treatment, making it less effective, notably in cancer.--> Alternative diagnoses and treatments are not part of medicine, or of science-based curricula in medical schools, nor are they used in any practice based on scientific knowledge or experience.--> Alternative therapies are often based on religious belief, tradition, superstition, belief in supernatural energies, pseudoscience, errors in reasoning, propaganda, fraud, or lies.--> Alternative medicine is based on misleading statements, quackery, pseudoscience, antiscience, fraud, and poor scientific methodology. Promoting alternative medicine has been called dangerous and unethical.--> Testing alternative medicine that has no scientific basis has been called a waste of scarce research resources.--> Critics state that "there is really no such thing as alternative medicine, just medicine that works and medicine that doesn't",--> that the very idea of "alternative" treatments is paradoxical, as any treatment proven to work is by definition "medicine".-->.

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Altria

Altria Group, Inc. (renamed from Philip Morris Companies Inc. on January 27, 2003) is an American corporation and one of the world's largest producers and marketers of tobacco, cigarettes and related products.

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Andre Chad Parenzee

Andre Chad Parenzee (born c. 1971) is an HIV-positive Australian man convicted of three counts of endangering human life by exposing others to the risk of infection through unprotected sex as he claimed to them that he was HIV seronegative.

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Andrew Dessler

Andrew Emory Dessler (born 1964) is a climate scientist and Professor of Atmospheric Sciences at Texas A&M University.

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Animal model of autism

The development of an animal model of autism is one approach researchers use to study potential causes of autism.

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Archaeological interest of Pedra da Gávea

Pedra da Gávea is a mountain in Tijuca Forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

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Argumentum ad populum

In argumentation theory, an argumentum ad populum (Latin for "argument to the people") is a fallacious argument that concludes that a proposition must be true because many or most people believe it, often concisely encapsulated as: "If many believe so, it is so." This type of argument is known by several names, including appeal to the masses, appeal to belief, appeal to the majority, appeal to democracy, appeal to popularity, argument by consensus, consensus fallacy, authority of the many, bandwagon fallacy, vox populi, and in Latin as argumentum ad numerum ("appeal to the number"), fickle crowd syndrome, and consensus gentium ("agreement of the clans").

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Armenian Genocide denial

Armenian Genocide denial is the act of denying the planned systematic genocide of 1.5 million Armenians during World War I, conducted by the Ottoman government.

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Atmosphere of Earth

The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth's gravity.

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Autism's False Prophets

Autism's False Prophets: Bad Science, Risky Medicine, and the Search for a Cure is a 2008 book by Paul Offit, a vaccine expert and chief of infectious diseases at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.

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Availability cascade

An availability cascade is a self-reinforcing cycle that explains the development of certain kinds of collective beliefs.

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Bastyr University

Bastyr University is an alternative medicine university with campuses in Kenmore, Washington, and San Diego, California.

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Behavioural genetics

Behavioural genetics also referred to as behaviour genetics, is a field of scientific research that uses genetic methods to investigate the nature and origins of individual differences in behaviour.

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Beringia

Beringia is defined today as the land and maritime area bounded on the west by the Lena River in Russia; on the east by the Mackenzie River in Canada; on the north by 72 degrees north latitude in the Chukchi Sea; and on the south by the tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula.

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Bert Brown

Bert Brown (March 22, 1938 – February 3, 2018) was a former Canadian senator and retired farmer and development consultant who resided in Balzac, Alberta.

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Big Bang

The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution.

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Bill Nye–Ken Ham debate

The debate between Bill Nye and Ken Ham on the question "Is Creation A Viable Model of Origins?" was held February 4, 2014, at the Creation Museum in Petersburg, Kentucky.

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Biotechnology

Biotechnology is the broad area of science involving living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2).

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Bohr–Einstein debates

The Bohr–Einstein debates were a series of public disputes about quantum mechanics between Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr.

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Brachymeiosis

Brachymeiosis was a hypothesized irregularity in the sexual reproduction of ascomycete fungi, a variant of meiosis following an "extra" karyogamy (nuclear fusion) step.

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Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc.

Burwell v. Hobby Lobby,, is a landmark decision in United States corporate law by the United States Supreme Court allowing closely held for-profit corporations to be exempt from a regulation its owners religiously object to, if there is a less restrictive means of furthering the law's interest, according to the provisions of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA).

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C/2002 V1 (NEAT)

Comet C/2002 V1 (NEAT) is a non-periodic comet that appeared in November 2002.

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Carbon lock-in

Carbon lock-in refers to the self-perpetuating inertia created by large fossil fuel-based energy systems that inhibits public and private efforts to introduce alternative energy technologies.

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Catastrophism

Catastrophism was the theory that the Earth had largely been shaped by sudden, short-lived, violent events, possibly worldwide in scope.

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Center for Science and Culture

The Center for Science and Culture (CSC), formerly known as the Center for the Renewal of Science and Culture (CRSC), is part of the Discovery Institute (DI), a conservative Christian think tank in the United States.

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Certainty

Certainty is perfect knowledge that has total security from error, or the mental state of being without doubt.

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Chandra Wickramasinghe

Chandra Wickramasinghe (born 20 January 1939) is a Sri Lankan-born British mathematician, astronomer and astrobiologist of Sinhalese ethnicity.

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Charles Krauthammer

Irving Charles Krauthammer (March 13, 1950 – June 21, 2018) was an American political columnist whose weekly column was syndicated to more than 400 publications worldwide.

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Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry

The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry, well known for containing the densest concentration of Jurassic dinosaur fossils ever found, is a paleontological site located near Cleveland, Utah, in the San Rafael Swell, a part of the geological layers known as the Morrison Formation.

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Climate change

Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period of time (i.e., decades to millions of years).

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Condom

A condom is a sheath-shaped barrier device, used during sexual intercourse to reduce the probability of pregnancy or a sexually transmitted infection (STI).

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Consensus (disambiguation)

Consensus usually refers to general agreement among the members of a group or community.

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Conservapedia

Conservapedia is an English-language wiki encyclopedia project written from an American conservative point of view.

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Consilience

In science and history, consilience (also convergence of evidence or concordance of evidence) refers to the principle that evidence from independent, unrelated sources can "converge" on strong conclusions.

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Conspiracy theories in Turkey

Conspiracy theories are a prevalent feature of culture and politics in Turkey.

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Contrarian

A contrarian is a person that takes up a contrary position, especially a position that is opposed to that of the majority.

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Controversies in autism

Diagnoses of autism have become more frequent since the 1980s, which has led to various controversies about both the cause of autism and the nature of the diagnoses themselves.

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Creation and evolution in public education

The status of creation and evolution in public education has been the subject of substantial debate and conflict in legal, political, and religious circles.

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Creation Ministries International

Creation Ministries International (CMI) is a non-profit young Earth creationist organisation of autonomous Creationist apologetics ministries that promote a literal interpretation of the Book of Genesis.

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Creation Museum

The Creation Museum, located in Petersburg, Kentucky, United States, is operated by the Christian creation apologetics organization Answers in Genesis (AiG).

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Creation science

Creation science or scientific creationism is a branch of creationism that claims to provide scientific support for the Genesis creation narrative in the Book of Genesis and disprove or reexplain the scientific facts, theories and paradigms about geology, cosmology, biological evolution, archeology, history, and linguistics.

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Creation–evolution controversy

The creation–evolution controversy (also termed the creation vs. evolution debate or the origins debate) involves an ongoing, recurring cultural, political, and theological dispute about the origins of the Earth, of humanity, and of other life.

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Creationism

Creationism is the religious belief that the universe and life originated "from specific acts of divine creation",Gunn 2004, p. 9, "The Concise Oxford Dictionary says that creationism is 'the belief that the universe and living organisms originated from specific acts of divine creation.'" as opposed to the scientific conclusion that they came about through natural processes.

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Credibility

Credibility comprises the objective and subjective components of the believability of a source or message.

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Critical Path Institute

Critical Path Institute (C-Path) is an independent, non-profit organization committed to transformational improvement of the drug development process.

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Cryonics

Cryonics (from Greek κρύος kryos meaning 'cold') is the low-temperature preservation (usually at −196°C) of human cadavers, with the hope that resuscitation and restoration to life and full health may be possible in the far future.

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Cultural cognition

The cultural cognition of risk, sometimes called simply cultural cognition, is the hypothesized tendency of persons to form perceptions of risk and related facts that cohere with their self-defining values.

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D'Alembert's paradox

In fluid dynamics, d'Alembert's paradox (or the hydrodynamic paradox) is a contradiction reached in 1752 by French mathematician Jean le Rond d'Alembert.

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D. James Kennedy

Dennis James Kennedy (November 3, 1930 – September 5, 2007) was an American pastor, evangelist, Christian broadcaster, and author.

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David L. Downie

David Leonard Downie (born 1961) is an American scholar focusing on international environmental politics and policy.

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Day-age creationism

Day-age creationism, a type of old Earth creationism, is an interpretation of the creation accounts in Genesis.

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Decade of the Mind

The Decade of the Mind Project is an international initiative to advance scientific understanding of how the mind and complex behaviors are related to the activity of human brains.

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Denialism

In the psychology of human behavior, denialism is a person's choice to deny reality, as a way to avoid a psychologically uncomfortable truth.

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Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS

HIV tests are used to detect the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), in serum, saliva, or urine.

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Diospi Suyana

Diospi Suyana is a hospital in Peru, commissioned by Klaus Dieter John and his wife Martina.

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Discovery Institute intelligent design campaigns

The Discovery Institute has conducted a series of related public relations campaigns which seek to promote intelligent design while attempting to discredit evolutionary biology, which the Institute terms "Darwinism." The Discovery Institute is the driving force behind the pseudoscientific intelligent design movement and the Institute directs the campaigns through its Center for Science and Culture division with guidance from its public relations firm, Creative Response Concepts.

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Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories

Various fringe theories have arisen to speculate about purported alternative origins for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), with claims ranging from it being due to accidental exposure to supposedly purposeful acts.

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Disposable soma theory of aging

The disposable soma theory of aging states that organisms age due to an evolutionary trade-off between growth, reproduction, and DNA repair maintenance.

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Doubt Is Their Product

Doubt is Their Product: How Industry's Assault on Science Threatens Your Health is a 2008 book by David Michaels, Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health under U.S. President Obama.

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Duesberg hypothesis

The Duesberg hypothesis is the claim, associated with University of California, Berkeley professor Peter Duesberg, that various noninfectious factors such as but not limited to, recreational and pharmaceutical drug use are the cause of AIDS, and that HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is merely a harmless passenger virus.

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Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.

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Edward McSweegan

Edward McSweegan Ph.D., is an American microbiologist, science writer and fiction author.

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Environmental skepticism

Environmental skepticism is the belief that claims by environmentalists, and the environmental scientists who support them, are false or exaggerated.

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Evolutionary capacitance

Evolutionary capacitance is the storage and release of variation, just as electric capacitors store and release charge.

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Ex-gay movement

The ex-gay movement consists of individuals and organizations that encourage people to refrain from entering or pursuing same-sex relationships, eliminate homosexual desires and to develop heterosexual desires, or to enter into a heterosexual relationship.

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Expanding Earth

The expanding Earth or growing Earth hypothesis asserts that the position and relative movement of continents is at least partially due to the volume of Earth increasing.

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Expert elicitation

In science, engineering, and research, expert elicitation is the synthesis of opinions of authorities of a subject where there is uncertainty due to insufficient data or when such data is unattainable because of physical constraints or lack of resources.

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Extrasensory perception

Extrasensory perception or ESP, also called sixth sense or second sight, includes claimed reception of information not gained through the recognized physical senses, but sensed with the mind.

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Facilitated communication

Facilitated communication (FC), supported typing or hand over hand, is a discredited technique used by some caregivers and educators in an attempt to assist people with severe educational and communication disabilities.

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Feathers: The Evolution of a Natural Miracle

Feathers: The Evolution of a Natural Miracle is a 2011 natural history book by American conservation biologist Thor Hanson.

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Flood geology

Flood geology (also creation geology or diluvial geology) is the attempt to interpret and reconcile geological features of the Earth in accordance with a literal belief in the global flood described in Genesis 6–8.

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Fractal cosmology

In physical cosmology, fractal cosmology is a set of minority cosmological theories which state that the distribution of matter in the Universe, or the structure of the universe itself, is a fractal across a wide range of scales (see also: multifractal system).

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GBM

GBM may refer to.

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Genesis flood narrative

The Genesis flood narrative is a flood myth found in the Hebrew Bible (chapters 6–9 in the Book of Genesis).

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Genetic engineering

Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology.

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Genetically modified canola

Genetically modified canola is a genetically modified crop.

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Genetically modified crops

Genetically modified crops (GMCs, GM crops, or biotech crops) are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering methods.

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Genetically modified food

Genetically modified foods or GM foods, also known as genetically engineered foods, bioengineered foods, genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, are foods produced from organisms that have had changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering.

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Genetically modified food controversies

Genetically modified food controversies are disputes over the use of foods and other goods derived from genetically modified crops instead of conventional crops, and other uses of genetic engineering in food production.

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Genetically modified maize

Genetically modified maize (corn) is a genetically modified crop.

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Genetically modified organism

A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques (i.e., a genetically engineered organism).

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Genetically modified soybean

A genetically modified soybean is a soybean (Glycine max) that has had DNA introduced into it using genetic engineering techniques.

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Geological Society of America

The Geological Society of America (GSA) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the advancement of the geosciences.

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Global Roundtable on Climate Change

The Global Roundtable on Climate Change, convened by the Earth Institute at Columbia University brought together representatives from corporations, research institutions, and government organizations to discuss the scientific consensus, economics, technology, and public policy issues associated with climate change.

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Global warming

Global warming, also referred to as climate change, is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.

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Global warming controversy

The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be.

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GMO Answers

GMO Answers launched by the agricultural biotechnology industry in July 2013 to answer consumers’ questions about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in crops in the U.S. food supply.

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Great Divergence

The Great Divergence is a term made popular by Kenneth Pomeranz's book by that title, (also known as the European miracle, a term coined by Eric Jones in 1981) referring to the process by which the Western world (i.e. Western Europe and the parts of the New World where its people became the dominant populations) overcame pre-modern growth constraints and emerged during the 19th century as the most powerful and wealthy world civilization, eclipsing Medieval India, Qing China, the Islamic World, and Tokugawa Japan.

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Hard and soft science

Hard science and soft science are colloquial terms used to compare scientific fields on the basis of perceived methodological rigor, exactitude, and objectivity.

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Health at Every Size

Health at Every Size (HAES) is a theory advanced by certain sectors of the fat acceptance movement.

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Hierarchy of the sciences

The hierarchy of the sciences is a theory formulated by Auguste Comte in the 19th century.

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History of HIV/AIDS

AIDS is caused by a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which originated in non-human primates in Central and West Africa.

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History of masturbation

The history of masturbation describes broad changes in society concerning the ethics, social attitudes, scientific study, and artistic depiction of masturbation over the history of human sexuality.

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History of pseudoscience

The history of pseudoscience is the study of pseudoscientific theories over time.

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History of the creation–evolution controversy

The creation–evolution controversy has a long history.

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HIV/AIDS denialism

HIV/AIDS denialism is the belief, contradicted by conclusive medical and scientific evidence, that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) does not cause acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

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HIV/AIDS denialism in South Africa

In South Africa, HIV/AIDS denialism had a significant impact on public health policy from 1999 to 2008, during the presidency of Thabo Mbeki.

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Hockey stick controversy

In the hockey stick controversy, the data and methods used in reconstructions of the temperature record of the past 1000 years have been disputed.

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Hockey stick graph

Hockey stick graphs present the global or hemispherical mean temperature record of the past 500 to 2000 years as shown by quantitative climate reconstructions based on climate proxy records.

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Hueyatlaco

Hueyatlaco is an archeological site in the Valsequillo Basin near the city of Puebla, Mexico.

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Hungarian language

Hungarian is a Finno-Ugric language spoken in Hungary and several neighbouring countries. It is the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. Outside Hungary it is also spoken by communities of Hungarians in the countries that today make up Slovakia, western Ukraine, central and western Romania (Transylvania and Partium), northern Serbia (Vojvodina), northern Croatia, and northern Slovenia due to the effects of the Treaty of Trianon, which resulted in many ethnic Hungarians being displaced from their homes and communities in the former territories of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It is also spoken by Hungarian diaspora communities worldwide, especially in North America (particularly the United States). Like Finnish and Estonian, Hungarian belongs to the Uralic language family branch, its closest relatives being Mansi and Khanty.

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I'm not a scientist

"I'm not a scientist" is a phrase that has been often used by American politicians, primarily Republicans, when asked about a scientific subject, such as global warming, or the age of the earth.

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Ice giant

An ice giant is a giant planet composed mainly of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium, such as oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur.

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Index of climate change articles

This is a list of climate change topics.

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Index of education articles

This is an index of education articles.

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Intelligent design

Intelligent design (ID) is a religious argument for the existence of God, presented by its proponents as "an evidence-based scientific theory about life's origins",Numbers 2006, p. 373; " captured headlines for its bold attempt to rewrite the basic rules of science and its claim to have found indisputable evidence of a God-like being.

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Intelligent design and science

The relationship between intelligent design and science has been a contentious one.

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Intelligent design movement

The intelligent design movement is a neo-creationist religious campaign for broad social, academic and political change to promote and support the pseudoscientific Article available from idea of intelligent design (ID), which asserts that "certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection." Its chief activities are a campaign to promote public awareness of this concept, the lobbying of policymakers to include its teaching in high school science classes, and legal action, either to defend such teaching or to remove barriers otherwise preventing it.

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Inventing the AIDS Virus

Inventing the AIDS Virus is a 1996 book by molecular biologist Peter Duesberg, in which the author argues that HIV does not cause AIDS.

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Ionization cone

Ionization cones are cones of material extending out from spiral galaxies.

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IPCC Summary for Policymakers

The Summary for policymakers (SPM) is a summary of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports intended to aid policymakers.

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Iron fertilization

Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron fines to iron-poor areas of the ocean surface to stimulate phytoplankton production.

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Jan C. A. Boeyens

Jan C. A. Boeyens (1934-2015) was a South African chemist.

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Jerry Taylor

Jerome Cogburn "Jerry" Taylor (born August 2, 1962) is an American environmental activist and policy analyst.

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Jill Stein

Jill Ellen Stein (born May 14, 1950) is an American physician, activist, and politician.

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Jonathan Wells (intelligent design advocate)

John Corrigan "Jonathan" Wells (born 1942) is an American author and advocate of the pseudoscientific argument of intelligent design.

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Joseph Sonnabend

Joseph Adolph Sonnabend (born 6 January 1933) is an Afrikaans physician, scientist and HIV/AIDS researcher, notable for pioneering community-based research, the propagation of safe sex to prevent infection, and an early multifactorial model of AIDS.

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Kensington Runestone

The Kensington Runestone is a slab of greywacke covered in runes on its face and side.

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Kevin Folta

Kevin M. Folta is a professor and chairman of the horticultural sciences department at the University of Florida.

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La Venta

La Venta is a pre-Columbian archaeological site of the Olmec civilization located in the present-day Mexican state of Tabasco.

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Leipzig Declaration

The Leipzig Declaration on Global Climate Change is a statement made in 1995, seeking to refute the claim there is a scientific consensus on the global warming issue.

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LGBT in Islam

LGBT in Islam is influenced by the religious, legal, social, and cultural history of the nations with a sizable Muslim population, along with specific passages in the Quran and hadith, statements attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

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Life

Life is a characteristic that distinguishes physical entities that do have biological processes, such as signaling and self-sustaining processes, from those that do not, either because such functions have ceased, or because they never had such functions and are classified as inanimate.

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List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources

These are biblical figures unambiguously identified in contemporary sources according to scholarly consensus.

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List of Latin phrases (C)

Additional references.

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List of nearest terrestrial exoplanet candidates

This list of nearest space terrestrial exoplanets candidates contains possible terrestrial ("rocky") exoplanets spaced at a distance of up to 50 light-years from the Solar System, ordered by increasing distance.

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List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming

This is a list of scientists who have made statements that conflict with the scientific consensus on global warming as summarized by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and endorsed by other scientific bodies.

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List of topics characterized as pseudoscience

This is a list of topics that have, at one point or another in their history, been characterized as pseudoscience by academics or researchers.

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Manufactured controversy

A manufactured controversy is a contrived disagreement, typically motivated by profit or ideology, designed to create public confusion concerning an issue about which there is no substantial academic dispute.

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March Against Monsanto

The March Against Monsanto is an international grassroots movement and protest against Monsanto corporation, a producer of genetically modified organism (GMOs) and Roundup, a glyphosate-based herbicide.

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Masturbation

Masturbation is the sexual stimulation of one's own genitals for sexual arousal or other sexual pleasure, usually to the point of orgasm.

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Medical consensus

Medical consensus is a public statement on a particular aspect of medical knowledge at the time the statement is made that a representative group of experts agree to be evidence-based and state-of-the-art (state-of-the-science) knowledge.

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Medically unexplained physical symptoms

Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS or MUS) are symptoms for which a treating physician or other healthcare providers have found no medical cause, or whose cause remains contested.

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Merchants of Doubt

Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming is a 2010 non-fiction book by American historians of science Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway.

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Merchants of Doubt (film)

Merchants of Doubt is a 2014 American documentary film directed by Robert Kenner and inspired by the 2010 book of the same name by Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway.

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Mertonian norms

In 1942, Robert K. Merton introduced "four sets of institutional imperatives taken to comprise the ethos of modern science...

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Migration Period

The Migration Period was a period during the decline of the Roman Empire around the 4th to 6th centuries AD in which there were widespread migrations of peoples within or into Europe, mostly into Roman territory, notably the Germanic tribes and the Huns.

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Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS

The spread of HIV/AIDS has affected millions of people worldwide; AIDS is considered a pandemic.

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MMR vaccine controversy

The MMR vaccine controversy started with the 1998 publication of a fraudulent research paper in The Lancet linking the combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine to colitis and autism spectrum disorders.

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Models of communication

Models of communication are conceptual models used to explain the human communication process.

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Natural transfer

The natural transfer (hypothesis or theory), in reference to the HIV/AIDS pandemic, states that humans first received HIV by contact with primates, presumably from a fight with a Chimpanzee during hunting or consumption of primate meat, and became contaminated with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV).

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Network of African Science Academies

The Network of African Science Academies was formed in December 2001 as an independent forum, for African science academies to discuss scientific issues of common concern.

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Noah's Ark

Noah's Ark (תיבת נח; Biblical Hebrew: Tevat Noaḥ) is the vessel in the Genesis flood narrative (Genesis chapters 6–9) by which God spares Noah, his family, and a remnant of all the world's animals from a world-engulfing flood.

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Non-standard cosmology

A non-standard cosmology is any physical cosmological model of the universe that was, or still is, proposed as an alternative to the then-current standard model of cosmology.

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Objections to evolution

Objections to evolution have been raised since evolutionary ideas came to prominence in the 19th century.

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Objectivity (science)

Objectivity in science is a value that informs how science is practiced and how scientific truths are discovered.

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Ocular dominance column

Ocular dominance columns are stripes of neurons in the visual cortex of certain mammals (including humans) that respond preferentially to input from one eye or the other.

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Olmec alternative origin speculations

Olmec alternative origin speculations are pseudohistorical theories that have been suggested for the formation of Olmec civilization which contradict generally accepted scholarly consensus.

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Opinion

An opinion is a judgment, viewpoint, or statement that is not conclusive.

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OPV AIDS hypothesis

The oral polio vaccine (OPV) AIDS hypothesis posits that the AIDS pandemic originated from live polio vaccines prepared in chimpanzee tissue cultures and then administered to up to one million Africans between 1957 and 1960 in experimental mass vaccination campaigns.

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Origin of birds

The scientific question of within which larger group of animals birds evolved, has traditionally been called the origin of birds.

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Passive smoking

Passive smoking is the inhalation of smoke, called second-hand smoke (SHS), or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), by persons other than the intended "active" smoker.

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Paul Offit

Paul A. Offit (born 27 March 1951) is an American pediatrician specializing in infectious diseases, vaccines, immunology, and virology.

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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta or delta (PPAR-β or PPAR-δ), also known as NR1C2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group C, member 2) is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the PPARD gene.

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Perpetual motion

Perpetual motion is motion of bodies that continues indefinitely.

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Peter Duesberg

Peter H. Duesberg (born December 2, 1936) is a German American molecular biologist and a professor of molecular and cell biology at the University of California, Berkeley.

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Peter Stilbs

Peter Stilbs (born 1 June 1945) is an emeritus professor in physical chemistry at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm, Sweden.

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Phillip E. Johnson

Phillip E. Johnson (born June 18, 1940) is a retired UC Berkeley law professor, critic of evolutionary science, co-founder of the intelligent design movement, author of the "Wedge strategy" and co-founder of the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture (CSC).

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PI-RADS

PI-RADS is an acronym for Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System, defining standards of high quality clinical service for multi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI), including image creation and reporting.

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Piers Corbyn

Piers Richard Corbyn (born 10 March 1947Wired: "" Tom Standage, February 1999. URL accessed 14 March 2007.) is an English weather forecaster and businessman who owns WeatherAction, which makes weather forecasts.

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Plant genetics

Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in Plants.

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Political positions of Hillary Clinton

Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S. Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).

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Politicization of science

The politicization of science is the manipulation of science for political gain.

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Pregnancy from rape

Pregnancy is a potential result of rape.

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Progressive creationism

Progressive creationism (see for comparison intelligent design) is the religious belief that God created new forms of life gradually over a period of hundreds of millions of years.

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Protoscience

In the philosophy of science, there are several definitions of protoscience.

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Psychological abuse

Psychological abuse (also referred to as psychological violence, emotional abuse, or mental abuse) is a form of abuse, characterized by a person subjecting, or exposing, another person to behavior that may result in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder.

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Public opinion on global warming

Public opinion on global warming is the aggregate of attitudes or beliefs held by the adult population concerning the science, economics, and politics of global warming.

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Race (human categorization)

A race is a grouping of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into categories generally viewed as distinct by society.

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Regulation of genetic engineering

The regulation of genetic engineering varies widely by country.

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Reiner Grundmann

Reiner Grundmann, (born 29 September 1955 near Freudenstadt) is Professor of Science and Technology Studies (STS) at the University of Nottingham and Director of its interdisciplinary STS Research Priority Group.

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Reusch's Moraine

The Smalfjord diamictite, Bigganjargga Tillite or Reusch's Moraine is a diamictite in Finnmark, northern Norway.

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Risk factors for breast cancer

Risk factors for breast cancer may be divided into preventable and non-preventable.

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Rob Schneider

Robert Michael Schneider (born October 31, 1963) is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, and director.

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Robert Eisenman

Robert Eisenman (born 1937) is an American biblical scholar, theoretical writer, historian, archaeologist, and "road" poet.

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Scientific community

The scientific community is a diverse network of interacting scientists.

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Scientific dissent

Scientific dissent is dissent from scientific consensus.

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Scientific opinion on climate change

The scientific opinion on climate change is the overall judgment among scientists regarding the extent to which global warming is occurring, its likely causes, and its probable consequences.

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Scientific theory

A scientific theory is an explanation of an aspect of the natural world that can be repeatedly tested, in accordance with the scientific method, using a predefined protocol of observation and experiment.

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Scientocracy

Scientocracy is the practice of basing public policies on science.

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Selman v. Cobb County School District

Selman v. Cobb County School District, 449 F.3d 1320 (11th Cir. 2006), was a United States court case in Cobb County, Georgia involving a sticker placed in public school biology textbooks.

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Sexual fluidity

Sexual fluidity is one or more changes in sexuality or sexual identity (sometimes known as sexual orientation identity).

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Sexual orientation

Sexual orientation is an enduring pattern of romantic or sexual attraction (or a combination of these) to persons of the opposite sex or gender, the same sex or gender, or to both sexes or more than one gender.

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Skeptical Science

Skeptical Science (occasionally abbreviated SkS) is a climate science blog and information resource created in 2007 by Australian cognitive scientist John Cook.

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Spastic cerebral palsy

Spastic cerebral palsy is the type of cerebral palsy wherein spasticity is the exclusive impairment present.

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Spastic diplegia

Spastic diplegia, historically known as Little's Disease, is a form of cerebral palsy (CP) that is a chronic neuromuscular condition of hypertonia and spasticity—manifested as an especially high and constant "tightness" or "stiffness"—in the muscles of the lower extremities of the human body, usually those of the legs, hips and pelvis.

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State of Denial (film)

State of Denial is a 2003 documentary film about AIDS in Africa, produced and directed by Elaine Epstein.

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Status quaestionis

"Status quæstionis" (or, "status quaestionis"), a Latin phrase translated roughly as "the state of investigation," is most commonly employed in scholarly literature to refer in a summary way to the accumulated results, scholarly consensus, and areas remaining to be developed on any given topic.

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Stephan Lewandowsky

Stephan Lewandowsky (born 3 June 1958) is an Australian psychologist.

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Surveys of scientists' views on climate change

Surveys of scientists' views on climate change – with a focus on human-caused or anthropogenic global warming (AGW) – have been undertaken since the 1990s.

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Teach the Controversy

"Teach the Controversy" is a campaign, conducted by the Discovery Institute, to promote the pseudoscientific principle of intelligent design, a variant of traditional creationism, while attempting to discredit the teaching of evolution in United States public high school science courses.

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Techno-progressivism

Techno-progressivism or tech-progressivism is a stance of active support for the convergence of technological change and social change.

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Temperature record of the past 1000 years

The temperature record of the past 1,000 years is reconstructed using data from climate proxy records in conjunction with the modern instrumental temperature record which only covers the last 150 years at a global scale.

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Terrain theory

The terrain theory is the theory of disease proposed by Antoine Béchamp that a diseased body, the "terrain", will attract germs to come as scavengers of the weakened or poorly defended tissue.

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Thabo Mbeki

Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki (born 18 June 1942) is a South African politician who served as the second President of South Africa from 14 June 1999 to 24 September 2008.

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The International Network of Cholesterol Skeptics

The International Network of Cholesterol Skeptics (or THINCS) is a group of scientists, physicians, and other academicians from around the world who dispute the widely accepted lipid hypothesis of atherosclerosis.

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The Natural Step

The Natural Step is a non-profit, non-governmental organisation founded in Sweden in 1989 by scientist Karl-Henrik Robèrt.

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The Other Side of AIDS

The Other Side of AIDS is a 2004 documentary film by Robin Scovill.

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The Panda's Thumb (blog)

The Panda's Thumb is a blog on the creation–evolution controversy from a mainstream scientific perspective.

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The Perth Group

The Perth Group is a group of HIV/AIDS denialists based in Perth, Western Australia who claim, in opposition to the scientific consensus, that the existence of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is not proven, and that AIDS and all the "HIV" phenomena are caused by changes in cellular redox due to the oxidative nature of substances and exposures common to all the AIDS risk groups, and are caused by the cell conditions used in the "culture" and "isolation" of "HIV".

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The Principle

The Principle is a 2014 American independent film produced by Rick DeLano and Robert Sungenis.

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The Voyage that Shook the World

The Voyage That Shook The World is a 2009 dramatised documentary film commissioned by Creation Ministries International, a Christian Young Earth creationist organisation, and produced by Fathom Media.

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Thiomersal

Thiomersal (INN), or thimerosal (USAN, JAN), is an organomercury compound.

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Thiomersal controversy

The thiomersal controversy describes claims that vaccines containing the mercury-based preservative thiomersal contribute to the development of autism and other brain development disorders.

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Tired light

Tired light is a class of hypothetical redshift mechanisms that was proposed as an alternative explanation for the redshift-distance relationship.

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Truth in Science

Truth in Science is a United Kingdom-based creationist organization which promotes the Discovery Institute's "Teach the Controversy" campaign, which it uses to try to get pseudoscientific intelligent design creationism taught alongside evolution in school science lessons.

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Uffe Ravnskov

Uffe Ravnskov (MD, PhD, born 1934) is a Danish medical doctor, independent researcher, a member of various international scientific organisations, and a former assistant professor and medical practitioner in Denmark and Sweden.

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Ufology

Ufology is the study of reports, visual records, physical evidence, and other phenomena related to unidentified flying objects (UFO).

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Uncertainty

Uncertainty has been called "an unintelligible expression without a straightforward description".

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Uniformitarianism

Uniformitarianism, also known as the Doctrine of Uniformity,, "The assumption of spatial and temporal invariance of natural laws is by no means unique to geology since it amounts to a warrant for inductive inference which, as Bacon showed nearly four hundred years ago, is the basic mode of reasoning in empirical science.

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Václav Klaus

Václav Klaus (born 19 June 1941) is a Czech economist and politician who served as the second President of the Czech Republic from 2003 to 2013.

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Wegman Report

The Wegman Report (officially called the Ad Hoc Committee Report on the 'Hockey Stick' Global Climate Reconstruction) was prepared in 2006 by three statisticians led by Edward Wegman at the request of Rep.

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Young Earth creationism

Young Earth creationism (YEC) is a form of creationism, a religious belief, which holds that the universe, Earth, and all life on Earth were created by direct acts of God less than 10,000 years ago.

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Redirects here:

Academic credibility, Gateway Belief Model, Gateway belief model, Scholarly consensus, Scientific Consensus, Scientific opinions.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_consensus

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