Siege of Kehl (1796–97)

The Siege of Kehl lasted from October 1796 to 9 January 1797. Habsburg and Württemberg regulars numbering 40,000, under the command of Maximilian Anton Karl, Count Baillet de Latour, besieged and captured the French-controlled fortifications at the village of Kehl in the German state of Baden-Durlach. The fortifications at Kehl represented important bridgehead crossing the Rhine to Strasbourg, an Alsatian city, a French Revolutionary stronghold. This battle was part of the Rhine Campaign of 1796, in the French Revolutionary War of the First Coalition. In the 1790s, the Rhine was wild, unpredictable, and difficult to cross, in some places more than four or more times wider than it is in the twenty-first century, even under non-flood conditions. Its channels and tributaries wound through marsh and meadow and created islands of trees and vegetation that were alternate submerged by floods or exposed during the dry seasons. At Kehl and the city of Strasbourg lay a complex of bridges, gates, fortifications and barrage dams. These had been constructed by the fortress architect Sébastien le Prestre de Vauban in the seventeenth century. The crossings had been contested before: in 1678 during the French-Dutch war, in 1703 during the War of the Spanish Succession, in 1733 during the War of the Polish Succession, and earlier in 1796, when the French crossed into the German states on 23–24 June. Critical to French success was the army's ability to cross the Rhine at will. The crossings at Hüningen, near the Swiss city of Basel, and the crossing at Kehl, gave them ready access to most of southwestern Germany; from there, French armies could sweep north, south, or east, depending on their military goal. Throughout the summer of 1796, the French and the Austrians had chased each other back and forth across the south German states. By October, the Austrian force, under the command of Archduke Charles, had pushed the French back to the Rhine. With the conclusion of the Battle of Schliengen on 24 October, the French army withdrew south and west toward the Rhine. The French commander, Jean Victor Marie Moreau, offered an armistice that the Archduke was inclined to accept. The Achduke wanted to secure the Rhine crossings so he could send troops to northern Italy to relieve Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser at besieged Mantua; an armistice with Moreau would allow him to do that. However, his brother, Francis II, the Holy Roman Emperor, and the civilian military advisers of the Aulic Council categorically refused such an armistice, forcing Charles to order simultaneous sieges at Hüningen and Kehl. These tied his army to the Rhine for most of the winter. On 18 September 1796, the Austrians temporarily acquired control of the têtes-de-ponts (bridgeheads) joining Kehl and Strasbourg until a strong French counter-attack forced them to retreat. The situation remained in status quo until late October. Immediately after the Battle of Schliengen, while most of Moreau's army retreated south to cross the Rhine at Hüningen, Count Baillet Latour moved north to Kehl to begin the siege. On 22 November, the French defenders at Kehl, under Louis Desaix and the overall commander of the French Army of the Rhine and Moselle, Jean-Victor-Marie Moreau, almost ended the siege when they executed a sortie that nearly captured the Austrian artillery park. In early December, though, the Austrians expanded the siege, connecting a grand parallel with a series of batteries in a semi-circle around the village and the bridges. By late December, the completed Austrian batteries connected with the captured French fortification called Bonnet de Prêtre; from these positions, the Austrians bombarded the French defenses with enfilade fire. After the defenses were thoroughly riddled by heavy bombardment from the besiegers, the French defenders capitulated and withdrew on 9 January 1797. ^[1]

30 relations: Anne Gilbert de Laval, Anne Marie François Boisgérard, Army of the Rhine and Moselle, Étienne Heudelet de Bierre, Battle of Dürenstein, Battle of Kehl (1796), Battle of Schliengen, Battle of Würzburg, Charles Mathieu Isidore Decaen, Dominique-André de Chambarlhac, Early clashes in the Rhine campaign of 1796, Hendrik George de Perponcher Sedlnitsky, Jacques-Antoine de Chambarlhac de Laubespin, Jean-Baptiste Lobréau, Jean-Jacques Ambert, Johann Kollowrat, Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg, Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr, List of battles involving France in modern history, Louis Victor de Blacquetot de Caux, Louis-Nicolas Davout, Pierre-Louis Binet de Marcognet, Rhine Campaign of 1796, Rudolf Eickemeyer, Second Battle of Kehl (1796), Siege of Hüningen (1796–97), Siege of Kehl, Siegfried von Kospoth, Victor Levasseur, 11th Hussar Regiment (France).

Anne Gilbert de Laval

Anne Gilbert de Laval or Anne-Gilbert Laval or Anne Guilbert de La Val (9 November 1762 – 6 September 1810) became a general officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and led a division in the Napoleonic Wars.

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Anne Marie François Boisgérard

Anne Marie François Barbuat de Maison-Rouge de Boisgérard, born 8 July 1767 in Tonnerre, Department Yonne in Burgundy, France, and died in combat on 9 February 1799 in Capua, near Mantua, in Italy, was a French general in the Revolutionary Wars.

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Army of the Rhine and Moselle

The Army of the Rhine and Moselle (Armée de Rhin-et-Moselle) was one of the field units of the French Revolutionary Army.

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Étienne Heudelet de Bierre

Étienne Heudelet de Bierre (12 November 1770 – 20 April 1857) joined the French army as a volunteer lieutenant in 1792.

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Battle of Dürenstein

The Battle of Dürenstein (Schlacht bei Dürnstein; also known as Dürrenstein, Dürnstein and Diernstein), on 11 November 1805, was an engagement in the Napoleonic Wars during the War of the Third Coalition.

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Battle of Kehl (1796)

During the Battle of Kehl (23–24 June 1796), a Republican French force under the direction of Jean Charles Abbatucci mounted an amphibious crossing of the Rhine River against a defending force of soldiers from the Swabian Circle.

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Battle of Schliengen

At the Battle of Schliengen (24 October 1796), both the French Army of the Rhine and Moselle under the command of Jean-Victor Moreau and the Austrian army under the command of Archduke Charles of Austria claimed victories.

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Battle of Würzburg

The Battle of Würzburg was fought on 3 September 1796 between an army of Habsburg Austria led by Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen and an army of the First French Republic led by Jean-Baptiste Jourdan.

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Charles Mathieu Isidore Decaen

Charles Mathieu Isidore Decaen (13 April 1769 – 9 September 1832) was a French general who served during the French Revolutionary Wars, as Governor General of Pondicherry and the Isle de France (now Mauritius) and as commander of the Army of Catalonia during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Dominique-André de Chambarlhac

Dominique-André Chambarlhac (17 May 1754 – 4 August 1823) was a military engineer of the French Army during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

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Early clashes in the Rhine campaign of 1796

In the Rhine Campaign of 1796 (June 1796 to February 1797), two First Coalition armies under the overall command of Archduke Charles outmaneuvered and defeated two Republican French armies.

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Hendrik George de Perponcher Sedlnitsky

Hendrik George, Count de Perponcher Sedlnitsky (also Sedlnitzky; 19 May 1771 – 29 November 1856) was a Dutch general and diplomat.

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Jacques-Antoine de Chambarlhac de Laubespin

Jean Jacques-Antoine Vital François de Chambarlhac (2 August 1754 – 23 February 1826) was a French infantry commander during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.

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Jean-Baptiste Lobréau

Jean-Baptiste Lobréau, also called Citizen Lobréau in dispatches, born 24 March 1748 in Hautvilliers, Champagna, which is present-day Marne.

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Jean-Jacques Ambert

Jean-Jacques Ambert (30 September 1765 – 20 November 1851) commanded a French division in several engagements during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Johann Kollowrat

Feldmarschall Johann Karl, Graf von Kolowrat-Krakowsky (21 December 1748 - 5 June 1816) joined the Austrian army, fought against the Kingdom of Prussia and Ottoman Turkey before being promoted to general officer rank.

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Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg

Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg (26 June 1760 – 25 March 1799) was an Austrian military commander.

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Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr

Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr, 1st Marquis of Gouvion-Saint-Cyr (13 April 1764 – 17 March 1830) was a French commander in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars who rose to Marshal of France and Marquis.

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List of battles involving France in modern history

This is a chronological list of the battles involving France in modern history.

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Louis Victor de Blacquetot de Caux

Louis Victor de Blacquetot de Caux (23 May 1773 in Douai – 6 June 1845) was a Lieutenant-General of Engineering, State Councilor, Minister, Commander of St. Louis and the Legion of Honor.

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Louis-Nicolas Davout

Louis-Nicolas d'Avout (10 May 17701 June 1823), better known as Davout, 1st Duke of Auerstaedt, 1st Prince of Eckmühl, was a French general who was Marshal of the Empire during the Napoleonic era.

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Pierre-Louis Binet de Marcognet

Pierre-Louis Binet de Marcognet (14 November 1765 – 19 December 1854) joined the French army in 1781 as an officer cadet and fought in the American Revolutionary War.

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Rhine Campaign of 1796

In the Rhine Campaign of 1796 (June 1796 to February 1797), two First Coalition armies under the overall command of Archduke Charles outmaneuvered and defeated two French Republican armies.

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Rudolf Eickemeyer

For the photographer see Rudolf Eickemeyer (photographer) Jean Marie Rodolphe Eickemeyer, also called Heinrich Maria Johann Rudolf Eickemeyer, was an engineer, mathematician, and general of the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Second Battle of Kehl (1796)

The Second Battle of Kehl occurred on 18 September 1796, when General Franz Petrasch's Austrian and Imperial troops stormed the French-held bridgehead over the Rhine river.

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Siege of Hüningen (1796–97)

In the Siege of Hüningen (27 November 1796 – 1 February 1797), the Austrians captured the city from the French.

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Siege of Kehl

The Siege of Kehl may refer to one of four sieges of the fortress above the town of Kehl, located in present-day southwestern Germany, across the Rhine River from Strasbourg.

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Siegfried von Kospoth

Siegfried Freiherr von Kospoth, born in 1740 and died in Kremsier (Kromĕříž) Moravia on 16 December 1809, was an officer of the Habsburg Army during the Wars of First and Second Coalitions.

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Victor Levasseur

Victor Levasseur (7 March 1772 – 13 September 1811) commanded a French infantry brigade in the Grande Armée of Emperor Napoleon I. Leaving civilian life, he enlisted in a volunteer battalion in 1792 and was wounded at the 1793 Siege of Mainz.

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11th Hussar Regiment (France)

The 11th Hussar Regiment (11e régiment de hussards) was a hussar regiment in the French Army.

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Redirects here:

Siege of Kehl (1796), Siege of Kehl (1796-97).

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Kehl_(1796–97)

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