Sobibór extermination camp

Sobibór (or Sobibor) was a Nazi German extermination camp built and operated by the SS near the railway station of Sobibór during World War II, within the semi-colonial territory of General Government of the occupied Second Polish Republic. ^[1]

"Polish death camp" controversy

"Polish death camp" and "Polish concentration camp" are misnomers that have been a subject of controversy and legislation.

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Abraham de Oliveira

Abraham de Oliveira (4 May 1880 in Amsterdam – 26 March 1943 in Sobibor extermination camp, General Government (occupied Poland) was a Dutch gymnast who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Dutch gymnastics team, which finished seventh in the team event. He died in Sobibor extermination camp.

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Abraham Pais

Abraham Pais (May 19, 1918 – July 28, 2000) was a Dutch-born American physicist and science historian.

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Adampol, Lublin Voivodeship

Adampol is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyryki, within Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

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Adolf Eichmann

Otto Adolf Eichmann (19 March 1906 – 1 June 1962) was a German Nazi SS-Obersturmbannführer (lieutenant colonel) and one of the major organizers of the Holocaust.

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Aktion Erntefest

The Aktion Erntefest (Operation Harvest Festival) was a World War II mass shooting action carried out by the SS, the Order police, and the Ukrainian Sonderdienst formations in the General Government territory of occupied Poland.

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Aktion T4

Aktion T4 (German) was a postwar name for mass murder through involuntary euthanasia in Nazi Germany.

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Albert Ganzenmüller

Albert Ganzenmüller (born 25 February 1905 in Passau – died 20 March 1996 in Munich) was a German National Socialist and, as the Under-secretary of State at the Reich Transport Ministry (Reichsverkehrsministerium), was involved in the deportation of German Jews.

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Alexander Pechersky

Alexander 'Sasha' Pechersky (Алекса́ндр Аро́нович Пече́рский; 22 February 1909 – 19 January 1990) was one of the organizers, and the leader, of the most successful uprising and mass-escape of Jews from a Nazi extermination camp during World War II; which occurred at the Sobibor extermination camp on 14 October 1943.

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Alfred Ittner

Alfred Ittner (13 January 1907 – 3 November 1976) was an SS functionary of Nazi Germany who served at the Sobibór extermination camp.

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Allan Ryan (attorney)

Allan A. Ryan (Jr.) is an American attorney, author and university and law school professor.

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Allgemeine SS

The Allgemeine SS (General SS) was the most numerous branch of the Schutzstaffel (SS) paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany, and it was managed by the SS Main Office (SS-Hauptamt).

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Alois Hudal

Alois Hudal (also known as Luigi Hudal; 31 May 1885 – 13 May 1963) was an Austrian titular bishop in the Roman Catholic church, based in Rome.

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Altaussee

Altaussee is a municipality and spa town in the district of Liezen in Styria, Austria.

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Amersfoort

Amersfoort is a city and municipality in the province of Utrecht, Netherlands.

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Amersfoort concentration camp

Amersfoort concentration camp (Kamp Amersfoort, Durchgangslager Amersfoort) was a Nazi concentration camp in Amersfoort, Netherlands.

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Amon Göth

Amon Leopold Göth (alternative spelling Goeth; 11 December 1908 – 13 September 1946) was an Austrian SS-Hauptsturmführer (captain) and the commandant of the Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp in Płaszów in German-occupied Poland for most of the camp's existence during World War II.

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Anna Dresden-Polak

Anna "Ans" Dresden-Polak (née Anna Polak) (24 November 1906 – 23 July 1943) was a Jewish Dutch gymnast.

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Anton Thernes

SS-Obersturmführer Anton Thernes (8 February 1892 – 3 December 1944) was a Nazi German war criminal, deputy commandant of administration at the notorious Majdanek concentration camp on the outskirts of Lublin, Poland in World War II.

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April 1943

The following events occurred in April 1943.

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August 1911

The following events occurred in August 1911.

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Auschwitz concentration camp

Auschwitz concentration camp was a network of concentration and extermination camps built and operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland during World War II.

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Auschwitz trial

The Auschwitz trial began on November 24, 1947, in Kraków, when Polish authorities (the Supreme National Tribunal) tried 40 former staff of the Auschwitz concentration camps.

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Austria in the time of National Socialism

Austria in the time of National Socialism describes the period of Austrian history from March 12, 1938 when Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany (the event is commonly known as Anschluss) until the end of World War II in 1945.

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Łachwa Ghetto

Łachwa (or Lakhva) Ghetto was a World War II ghetto created by Nazi Germany on 1 April 1942 in the town of Łachwa in occupied eastern Poland (now Lakhva, Belarus), with the aim of persecution, terror and exploitation of the local Jews.

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Łódź Ghetto

The Łódź Ghetto (Ghetto Litzmannstadt) was a World War II ghetto established by the Nazi German authorities for Polish Jews and Roma following the 1939 invasion of Poland.

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Łęczna

Łęczna is a town in eastern Poland with 19,780 inhabitants (2014), situated in Lublin Voivodeship.

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Baranów, Lublin Voivodeship

Baranów is a village in Puławy County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

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Bełżec extermination camp

Bełżec (in Belzec) was a Nazi German extermination camp built by the SS for the purpose of implementing the secretive Operation Reinhard, the plan to eradicate Polish Jewry, a key part of the "Final Solution" which entailed the murder of some 6 million Jews in the Holocaust.

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Belz

Belz (Белз; Bełz ; בעלז &thinsp) is a small city in Sokal Raion of Lviv Oblast (region) of Western Ukraine, near the border with Poland, is located between the Solokiya river (a tributary of the Bug River) and the Rzeczyca stream.

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Belzec trial

The Belzec trial (Belzec-Prozess, proces Bełżec) in the mid-1960s was a war crimes trial of eight former SS members of Bełżec extermination camp.

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Bennekom

Bennekom is a village and parish in the Netherlands, which is part of the Municipality of Ede in the south-west of the Veluwe district of the Province of Gelderland.

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Berek Lajcher

Berek Lajcher (October 24, 1893 – August 2, 1943) was a Jewish physician and social activist from Wyszków before the Holocaust in Poland, remembered for his leadership in the prisoner uprising at Treblinka extermination camp.

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Berthold Grünfeld

Berthold Grünfeld (22 January 1932 – 20 August 2007) was a Norwegian psychiatrist, sexologist, and professor of social medicine at the University of Oslo.

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Biała Podlaska

Biała Podlaska (Біла Bila, Alba Ducalis), is a city in eastern Poland with 58,047 inhabitants (2005).

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Bloeme Evers-Emden

Bloeme Evers-Emden (26 July 1926 – 18 July 2016) was a Dutch Jewish teacher and child psychologist who extensively researched the phenomenon of "hidden children" during World War II and wrote four books on the subject in the 1990s.

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Bronna Góra

Bronna Góra (or Bronna Mount in English, Бронная Гара, Bronnaja Hara) is the name of a secluded area in present-day Belarus where mass killings of Polish Jews were carried out by Nazi Germany during World War II.

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Brześć Ghetto

The Brześć Ghetto or the Ghetto in Brest on the Bug, also: Brześć nad Bugiem Ghetto, and Brest-Litovsk Ghetto (getto w Brześciu nad Bugiem, בריסק or בריסק-ד׳ליטע.) was a World War II Jewish ghetto created by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland in December 1941, six months after the German troops had overrun the Soviet-occupied zone of the Second Polish Republic under the codename Operation Barbarossa.

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Carbon monoxide poisoning

Carbon monoxide poisoning typically occurs from breathing in too much carbon monoxide (CO).

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Carrion Comfort

Carrion Comfort is a science fiction/horror novel by American writer Dan Simmons, published in 1989 in hard cover by Dark Harvest and in 1990 in paperback by Warner Books.

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Central Office of the State Justice Administrations for the Investigation of National Socialist Crimes

The Central Office of the State Justice Administrations for the Investigation of National Socialist Crimes (Zentrale Stelle der Landesjustizverwaltungen zur Aufklärung nationalsozialistischer Verbrechen or Zentrale Stelle or Z Commission) is Germany's main agency responsible for investigating war crimes during Nazi rule.

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Chełm

Chełm (Kulm, Холм) is a city in eastern Poland with 63,949 inhabitants (2015).

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Chełmno extermination camp

Chełmno extermination camp (Vernichtungslager Kulmhof), built during World War II, was the first of the Nazi German extermination camps and was situated north of the metropolitan city of Łódź (renamed to Litzmannstadt), near the village of Chełmno nad Nerem (Kulmhof an der Nehr in German).

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Chełmno trials

The Chełmno trials were a series of consecutive war-crime trials of the Chełmno extermination camp personnel, held in Poland and in Germany following World War II.

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Christian Wirth

Christian Wirth (24 November 1885 – 26 May 1944) was a German policeman and SS officer who was one of the leading architects of the program to exterminate the Jewish people of Poland, known as Operation Reinhard.

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Cremation

Cremation is the combustion, vaporization, and oxidation of cadavers to basic chemical compounds, such as gases, ashes and mineral fragments retaining the appearance of dry bone.

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Criticism of Holocaust denial

Criticism of Holocaust denial is directed against people who claim that the genocide of Jews during World War II in the HolocaustDonald L Niewyk, The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2000, p.45: "The Holocaust is commonly defined as the murder of more than 5,000,000 Jews by the Germans in World War II." Estimates by scholars range from 5.1 million to 7.8 million.

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Dachau trials

The Dachau trials were held for all war criminals caught in the United States zones in occupied Germany and Austria, as well as for those individuals accused of committing war crimes against American citizens and its military personnel.

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Daniel Boyarin

Daniel Boyarin (דניאל בוירין; born 1946) is a historian of religion.

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Death marches (Holocaust)

Death marches (Todesmärsche in German) refer to the forcible movements of prisoners of Nazi Germany between Nazi camps on pain of death during World War II.

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Deaths in October 1966

This is a list of deaths in October 1966.

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Deaths in October 2015

The following is a list of notable deaths in October 2015.

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Deutsche Ausrüstungswerke

The Deutsche Ausrüstungswerke (DAW; literally the German Equipment Works) was a Nazi German defense contractor with headquarters in Berlin during World War II, owned and operated by the Schutzstaffel (SS).

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Deutsche Reichsbahn

The Deutsche Reichsbahn, also known as the German National Railway, the German State Railway, German Reich Railway, and the German Imperial Railway, was the name of the German national railway system created after the end of World War I from the regional railways of the individual states of the German Empire.

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Did Six Million Really Die?

Did Six Million Really Die? The Truth At Last is a Holocaust denial pamphlet allegedly written by British National Front member Richard Verrall under the pseudonym Richard E. Harwood and published in 1974 by Nazi propagandist Ernst Zündel, another Holocaust denier and pamphleteer.

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Dorohucza

Dorohucza is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trawniki, within Świdnik County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

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Dov Freiberg

Dov Freiberg (15 May 1927 – March 2008) born Berek Freiberg, was a Holocaust survivor, writer, and witness at the Eichmann trial and the Demjanjuk case.

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Drancy internment camp

The Drancy internment camp was an assembly and detention camp for confining Jews who were later deported to the extermination camps during the German military administration of Occupied France during World War II.

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Einsatzgruppen

Einsatzgruppen ("task forces" or "deployment groups") were Schutzstaffel (SS) paramilitary death squads of Nazi Germany that were responsible for mass killings, primarily by shooting, during World War II (1939–45).

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Elie Aron Cohen

Elie Aron Cohen was a Dutch doctor (July 16, 1909 in Groningen – October 22, 1993 in Arnhem) who, being Jewish, was sent to the Auschwitz concentration camp.

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Elisabeth Augustin

Elisabeth Augustin (June 13, 1903 – December 14, 2001) was a German-Dutch writer.

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Elka de Levie

Elka de Levie (21 November 1905 – 29 December 1979) was an Amsterdam-born Dutch gymnast who won the gold medal as member of the Dutch gymnastics team at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam.

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Ellen Burka

Ellen Burka (née Danby; August 11, 1921 – September 12, 2016) was a Canadian-Dutch figure skater and coach.

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Emanuel Lodewijk Elte

Emanuel Lodewijk Elte (16 March 1881 in Amsterdam – 9 April 1943 in Sobibór) at joodsmonument.nl was a Dutch mathematician.

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Emanuel Querido

Emanuel Querido (6 August 1871 – 23 July 1943) was a successful Dutch publisher as the founder and owner of N.V. Em.

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Emil Puhl

Emil Johann Rudolf Puhl (28 August 1889 in Berlin – 30 March 1962 in Hamburg) was a Nazi economist and banking official during World War II.

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Enda Walsh

Enda Walsh (born 1967) is an Irish playwright.

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Ephraim Kishon

(אפרים קישון, August 23, 1924 – January 29, 2005) was an Israeli author, dramatist, screenwriter, and Oscar-nominated film director.

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Erich Bauer

Erich Bauer (March 26, 1900 – February 4, 1980), sometimes referred to as "Gasmeister", was a low-level commander in the SS of Nazi Germany and a Holocaust perpetrator.

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Erich Fuchs

Erich Fuchs (9 April 1902 – 25 July 1980) was an SS functionary who worked for the Action T4 euthanasia program, and for the Operation Reinhard phase of the Holocaust.

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Erich Hartmann (photographer)

Erich Hartmann (July 29, 1922 in Münich – February 4, 1999 in New York City) was an American photographer.

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Erich Lachmann

Erich Lachmann (6 November 1909 – 23 January 1972) was an SS functionary who participated in the Operation Reinhard in the Sobibor extermination camp.

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Ernst Boepple

SS-Oberführer Ernst Boepple (November 30, 1887, Betzingen – December 15, 1950, Kraków) was a Nazi official and SS officer, serving as deputy to Josef Bühler in occupied Poland during World War II and the Holocaust, who was executed for war crimes.

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Ernst Stengelin

Ernst Stengelin (born 10 August 1911 in Tuttlingen – died 14 October 1943 in Sobibor) was a German SS-Unterscharführer (Corporal) who served at Treblinka and Sobibor extermination camps and was killed in the Sobibor uprising.

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Ernst Zierke

Ernst Zierke (6 May 1905 – 23 May 1972) was a low-ranking member in the SS who took part in the Action T4 forced euthanasia program in Nazi Germany, and after the invasion of Poland worked at Bełżec and Sobibór extermination camps during Operation Reinhard.

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Erwin Lambert

Erwin Hermann Lambert (7 December 1909 – 15 October 1976) was a perpetrator of the Holocaust.

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Escape from Sobibor

Escape from Sobibor is a 1987 British television film which aired on CBS.

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Extermination camp

Nazi Germany built extermination camps (also called death camps or killing centers) during the Holocaust in World War II, to systematically kill millions of Jews, Slavs, Communists, and others whom the Nazis considered "Untermenschen" ("subhumans").

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Final Solution

The Final Solution (Endlösung) or the Final Solution to the Jewish Question (die Endlösung der Judenfrage) was a Nazi plan for the extermination of the Jews during World War II.

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Fort VII

Fort VII, officially Konzentrationslager Posen (renamed later), was a Nazi German death camp set up in Poznań in German-occupied Poland during World War II, located in one of the 19th-century forts circling the city.

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Franciszek Ząbecki

Lieutenant Franciszek Ząbecki (8 October 1907 – 11 April 1987) was a station master at the village of Treblinka.

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Frankfurter Judengasse

The Frankfurter Judengasse (from German: “Jews' Alley”) was the Jewish ghetto of Frankfurt and one of the earliest ghettos in Germany.

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Franz Reichleitner

Franz Karl Reichleitner (2 December 1906 – 3 January 1944) was an Austrian member in the SS of Nazi Germany who participated in Operation Reinhard during the Holocaust.

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Franz Stangl

Franz Paul Stangl (26 March 1908 – 28 June 1971) was an Austrian-born police officer who became an employee of the T-4 Euthanasia Program and an SS commander in Nazi Germany.

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Franz Suchomel

Franz Suchomel (3 December 1907 – 18 December 1979)Samuel Willenberg: Treblinka Lager.

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Franz Wolf (SS officer)

SS-Oberscharführer Franz Wolf (born 9 April 1907) was a German Nazi senior squad leader serving with the Action T4 forced euthanasia program, and later, at the Sobibór extermination camp in occupied Poland during the most deadly phase of the Holocaust, codenamed Operation Reinhard.

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Fritz Rohrlich

Fritz Rohrlich (born May 12, 1921 in Vienna, Austria) is an American theoretical physicist who studied classical electrodynamics and quantum electrodynamics.

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Gas chamber

A gas chamber is an apparatus for killing humans or other animals with gas, consisting of a sealed chamber into which a poisonous or asphyxiant gas is introduced.

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General Government

The General Government (Generalgouvernement, Generalne Gubernatorstwo, Генеральна губернія), also referred to as the General Governorate, was a German zone of occupation established after the joint invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939 at the onset of World War II.

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Genocides in history

Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious or national group.

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German camps in occupied Poland during World War II

The German camps in occupied Poland during World War II were built by the Nazis between 1939 and 1945 throughout the territory of the Polish Republic, both in the areas annexed in 1939, and in the General Government formed by Nazi Germany in the central part of the country (see map).

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German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war

During World War II, Nazi Germany engaged in a policy of deliberate maltreatment of Soviet prisoners of war (POWs), in contrast to their treatment of British and American POWs.

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Gerrit Kleerekoper

Gerrit Kleerekoper (15 February 1897 – 2 July 1943) was a Jewish - Dutch gymnastics coach.

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Gitta Sereny

Gitta Sereny, CBE (13 March 192114 June 2012) was an Austrian-British biographer, historian, and investigative journalist who came to be known for her interviews and profiles of controversial figures, including Mary Bell, who was convicted in 1968 of killing two children when she herself was a child, and Franz Stangl, the commandant of the Treblinka extermination camp.

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Glossary of Nazi Germany

This is a list of words, terms, concepts and slogans of Nazi Germany used in the historiography covering the Nazi regime.

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Gmina Włodawa

Gmina Włodawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus and Ukraine.

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Gustav Wagner

Gustav Franz Wagner (18 July 1911 – 3 October 1980) was an Austrian member of the SS with the rank of Staff sergeant (Oberscharführer).

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Hamburg Ravensbrück trials

The Hamburg Ravensbrück trials were a series of seven trials for war crimes against camp officials from the Ravensbrück concentration camp that the British authorities held in their occupation zone in Germany in Hamburg after the end of World War II.

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Han Hollander

Hartog "Han" Hollander (5 October 1886 – 9 July 1943) was the first Dutch radio sports journalist.

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Hanns Albin Rauter

Johann Baptist Albin Rauter (4 February 1895 – 24 March 1949) was a high-ranking Austrian-born SS functionary and war criminal during the Nazi era.

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Hanny Michaelis

Hanny Michaelis (December 19, 1922 – June 11, 2007) was a Dutch poet.

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Hans Frank

Hans Michael Frank (23 May 1900 – 16 October 1946) was a German war criminal and lawyer who worked for the Nazi Party during the 1920s and 1930s, and later became Adolf Hitler's personal lawyer.

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Hans Kolfschoten

Henri Anthony Melchior Tieleman (Hans) Kolfschoten (17 August 1903, Arnhem – 2 August 1984, The Hague) was a Dutch politician of the Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP) and its successor the Catholic People's Party (KVP).

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Hans-Joachim Marseille

Hans-Joachim Walter Rudolf Siegfried Marseille (13 December 1919 – 30 September 1942) was a German fighter pilot during World War II.

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Hartheim Euthanasia Centre

The Hartheim Euthanasia Centre (NS-Tötungsanstalt Hartheim) was a killing centre involved in the Nazi euthanasia programme, also referred to as Action T4.

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Höfle Telegram

The Höfle Telegram (or Hoefle Telegram) is a cryptic one-page document, discovered in 2000 among the declassified World War II archives of the Public Record Office in Kew, England.

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Heinrich Barbl

Heinrich Barbl (born March 3, 1900, Sarleinsbach, Austria; date of death unknown, not before 1965) was an Austrian-born SS-Rottenführer.

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Heinrich Himmler

Heinrich Luitpold Himmler (7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945) was Reichsführer of the Schutzstaffel (Protection Squadron; SS), and a leading member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) of Germany.

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Heinrich Matthes

Heinrich Arthur Matthes (11 January 1902 – date of death unknown) was a German SS-Scharführer (Sergeant) who worked as a deputy commandant of Treblinka extermination camp during the Operation Reinhard phase of the Holocaust in Poland.

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Heinrich Müller (Gestapo)

Heinrich Müller (28 April 1900; date of death unknown, but evidence points to May 1945) was a German police official under both the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany.

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Helen Lewis (choreographer)

Helen Lewis MBE (née Katz, Trutnov, Bohemia, 22 June 1916 – Belfast, Northern Ireland, 31 December 2009) was a pioneer of modern dance in Northern Ireland, and made her name as a dance teacher and choreographer.

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Helena Elisabeth Goudeket

Helena (Lenie) Elisabeth Goudeket (1910 – 1943) was a Dutch painter and illustrator.

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Helena Nordheim

Helena "Lea" Nordheim (1 August 1903 – 2 July 1943) was a Jewish-Dutch gymnast.

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Helga Deen

Helga Deen (6 April 1925 – 16 July 1943) was the author of a diary, discovered in 2004, which describes her stay in a Dutch prison camp, Kamp Vught, where she was brought during World War II at the age of 18.

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Henneicke Column

The Henneicke Column was a group of Dutch Nazi collaborators working in the investigative division of the Central Bureau for Jewish Emigration (Zentralstelle für jüdische Auswanderung), with headquarters in Amsterdam, during the Nazi Germany occupation of the Netherlands in World War II.

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Henryk Mandelbaum

Henryk Mandelbaum (December 15, 1922 – June 17, 2008) was a Polish survivor of the Holocaust.

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Herbert Floss

Herbert Floss or Herbert Floß (25 August 1912 – 22 October 1943) an SS functionary of Nazi Germany who served as acting commander of the Sobibor extermination camp during the Holocaust in Poland.

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Hermann Florstedt

Arthur Hermann Florstedt (18 February 1895 – 15 April 1945), member of the NSDAP, was a German SS commander, war criminal and convicted war profiteer.

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Hermann Höfle

Hermann Julius Höfle also Hans Hermann Hoefle (19 June 1911 – 21 August 1962) was an Austrian-born SS commander and Holocaust perpetrator during the Nazi era.

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Hermann Michel

, sometimes referred to as "Preacher" (born 23 April 1912, allegedly died 8 August 1984), was a Nazi and SS-Oberscharführer (Staff Sergeant).

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Herzogenbusch concentration camp

Herzogenbusch concentration camp (Kamp Vught,, Konzentrationslager Herzogenbusch) was a Nazi concentration camp located in Vught near the city of 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands.

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Het Parool

Het Parool is an Amsterdam-based daily newspaper.

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Hetty Voûte

Henriëtte ("Hetty") Voûte (1918–1999) was a Dutch Resistance fighter who was declared Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem on March 24, 1988 for her work rescuing Dutch Jewish children whose parents had been deported to Nazi concentration camps during World War II.

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History of antisemitism

The history of antisemitism – defined as hostile actions or discrimination against Jews as a religious or ethnic group – goes back many centuries; antisemitism has been called "the longest hatred".

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History of Frankfurt am Main

The history of the city of Frankfurt am Main started on a hill at a ford in the Main River.

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History of Poland

The history of Poland has its roots in the migrations of Slavs, who established permanent settlements in the Polish lands during the Early Middle Ages.

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History of Poland (1939–1945)

The history of Poland from 1939 to 1945 encompasses primarily the period from the Invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany to the end of World War II.

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History of Pomerania

The history of Pomerania starts shortly before 1000 AD with ongoing conquests by newly arrived Polans rulers.

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History of the Jews during World War II

The history of the Jews during World War II is almost synonymous with the Jewish persecution and murder of unprecedented scale in modern times in political Europe inclusive of European North Africa (pro-Nazi Vichy-North Africa and Italian Libya).

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History of the Jews in 20th-century Poland

Following the re-emergence of sovereign Poland after World War I and during the interwar period the number of Jews in the country grew rapidly.

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History of the Jews in Amsterdam

Amsterdam has historically been the center of the Dutch Jewish community, and has had a continuing Jewish community for the last 370 years.

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History of the Jews in Austria

The history of the Jews in Austria probably begins with the exodus of Jews from Judea under Roman occupation.

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History of the Jews in Łęczna

The history of the Jews in Łęczna, Poland is first recorded and dated to 1501.

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History of the Jews in Eindhoven

Eindhoven is a municipality and a city located in the province of Noord-Brabant in the south of the Netherlands, originally at the confluence of the Dommel and Gender brooks.

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History of the Jews in Groningen

Groningen has always been the largest town in the northern part of the Netherlands, resulting in a significant settlement of Jews throughout its history.

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History of the Jews in Maastricht

The history of the Jews in Maastricht, Netherlands, traces back to the Middle Ages.

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History of the Jews in Poland

The history of the Jews in Poland dates back over 1,000 years.

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History of the Jews in the Netherlands

Most history of the Jews in the Netherlands was generated between the end of the 16th century and World War II.

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History of the Jews in Thessaloniki

The history of the Jews of Thessaloniki, (Greece) reaches back two thousand years.

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History of Wageningen

The area around the town of Wageningen was settled as early as the 9th century.

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Hiwi (volunteer)

The term Hiwi is a German abbreviation of the word Hilfswilliger, meaning "voluntary assistant", or more literally, "willing helper".

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Holocaust (miniseries)

Holocaust is a 1978 American four part television miniseries which tells the story of the Holocaust from the perspectives of the fictional Weiss family of German Jews and that of a rising member of the SS, who gradually becomes a merciless war criminal.

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Holocaust tourism

The Holocaust tourism is a term used by the media in relation to round-trip travel to destinations connected with the extermination of Jews during the Holocaust in World War II, including visits to sites of Jewish martyrology such as former Nazi death camps and concentration camps turned into state museums.

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Holocaust trains

Holocaust trains were railway transports run by the Deutsche Reichsbahn national railway system under the strict supervision of the German Nazis and their allies, for the purpose of forcible deportation of the Jews, as well as other victims of the Holocaust, to the German Nazi concentration, forced labour, and extermination camps.

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Holocaust victims

Holocaust victims were people who were targeted by the government of Nazi Germany for various discriminatory practices due to their ethnicity, religion, political beliefs, or sexual orientation. These institutionalized practices came to be called The Holocaust, and they began with legalized social discrimination against specific groups, and involuntary hospitalization, euthanasia, and forced sterilization of those considered physically or mentally unfit for society. These practices escalated during World War II to include non-judicial incarceration, confiscation of property, forced labor, sexual slavery, medical experimentation, and death through overwork, undernourishment, and execution through a variety of methods, with the genocide of different groups as the primary goal. According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM), the country's official memorial to the Holocaust, "The Holocaust was the murder of six million Jews and millions of others by the Nazis and their collaborators during World War II." Of those murdered for being Jewish, more than half were Ashkenazi Polish Jews.

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Hrubieszów

Hrubieszów (Грубешів Hrubeshiv, הרויעשאוו) is a town in southeastern Poland, with a population of around 18,212 (2016).

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Index of World War II articles (S)

# S-1 Uranium Committee.

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Irmfried Eberl

SS-Obersturmführer Irmfried Eberl (8 September 1910 – 16 February 1948) was an Austrian psychiatrist and medical director of the euthanasia institutes in Brandenburg and Bernburg, who helped set up and was the first commandant of the Treblinka extermination camp where he worked from 11 July 1942 until his dismissal on 26 August 1942.

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Isidore Goudeket

Isidore Goudeket (1 August 1883 in Amsterdam – 9 July 1943 in Sobibor extermination camp, Poland) was a Dutch gymnast who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics.

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Ivan the Terrible (Treblinka guard)

Ivan the Terrible (born 1911) is the nickname given to notorious guard Ivan Marchenko, at the Treblinka extermination camp during the Holocaust.

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Izbica

Izbica (איזשביצע Izhbitz, Izhbitze) is a village in the Krasnystaw County of the Lublin Voivodeship in eastern Poland.

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Izbica Ghetto

The Izbica ghetto was a Jewish ghetto created by Nazi Germany in Izbica in occupied Poland during World War II, serving as a transfer point for deportation of Jews from Poland, Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia to Bełżec and Sobibór extermination camps.

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Jaap Nunes Vaz

Jacob (Jaap) Nunes Vaz (20 September 1906 – 13 March 1943) was a Dutch journalist, writer, and editor.

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Jacques Presser

Jacob (Jacques) Presser (24 February 1899 in Amsterdam – 30 April 1970 in Amsterdam) was a Dutch historian, writer and poet, known for his book Ashes in the wind (The destruction of the Dutch Jews) on the history of the persecution of the Jews in the Netherlands during World War II.

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Jakob van Hoddis

Jakob van Hoddis (16 May 1887 – May/June 1942) was the pen name of a German-Jewish expressionist poet Hans Davidsohn, of which name "Van Hoddis" is an anagram.

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Jetta Goudal

Jetta Goudal (July 12, 1891 – January 14, 1985) was a Dutch-born American actress, successful in Hollywood films of the silent film era.

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Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland

Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland were established during World War II in hundreds of locations across occupied Poland.

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Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe

Jewish resistance under the Nazi rule took various forms of organized underground activities conducted against German occupation regimes in Europe by Jews during World War II.

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Johann Niemann

Johann Niemann (4 August 1913 – 14 October 1943) was a German SS-Untersturmführer (Second Lieutenant) and deputy commandant of Sobibór extermination camp.

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John Demjanjuk

John Demjanjuk (born Ivan Mykolaiovych Demianiuk; Іван Миколайович Дем'янюк; 3 April 1920 – 17 March 2012) was a retired Ukrainian-American auto worker, a former soldier in the Soviet Red Army, and a POW during the Second World War.

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Josef Hirtreiter

Josef Hirtreiter (1 February 1909 – 27 November 1978) was an SS functionary of Nazi Germany and a Holocaust perpetrator who worked at Treblinka extermination camp during the Operation Reinhard phase of the Holocaust in Poland.

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Josef Oberhauser

Josef Oberhauser (January 21, 1915 – November 22, 1979) was a low-ranking German SS commander during the Nazi era.

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Josef Tal

Josef Tal (Hebrew: יוסף טל; September 18, 1910 – August 25, 2008) was an Israeli composer.

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Joseph Serchuk

Joseph (Yozhik) Serchuk (יוסף סרצ'וק) born Józef Serczuk or Josef Sierczuk (Chełm, 1919 – 6 November 1993, Tel Aviv) was the leader of a Jewish partisan unit in the Lublin area of occupied Poland during the Holocaust.

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Joseph W. Eaton

Joseph W. Eaton, born Josef Wechsler (September 28, 1919 – October 15, 2012), was an American sociologist who published widely in the fields of social work, sociology, public health, and public and international affairs.

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Juan Luria

Juan Luria (20 December 1862 – 21 May 1943) was a Polish-Jewish operatic baritone.

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Jud Simons

Judikje "Jud" Simons (20 August 1904 – 20 March 1943) was a Dutch gymnast who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics.

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Judenplatz Holocaust Memorial

The Judenplatz Holocaust Memorial (Mahnmal für die 65.000 ermordeten österreichischen Juden und Jüdinnen der Shoah) also known as the Nameless Library stands in Judenplatz in the first district of Vienna.

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Jules Schelvis

Jules Schelvis (7 January 1921 – 3 April 2016) was a Dutch historian, writer, Holocaust survivor, and Nazi hunter.

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Julian Chorążycki

Dr.

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Kalman Taigman

Kalman Taigman also Teigman קלמן טייגמן (–) was an Israeli citizen born in Warsaw, Poland, who testified at the 1961 Eichmann Trial held in Jerusalem as one of the remaining few Jewish inmates of the Sonderkommando who escaped from the Treblinka extermination camp during the prisoner uprising of 1943.

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Kalonymus Kalman Shapira

Kalonymus Kalman Shapira (or Klonimus Kalmish Szapiro) (or "Shapiro," a more common transliteration of the Polish spelling of his name "Szapiro") (20 May 1889–3 November 1943), was the Grand Rabbi of Piaseczno, Poland, who authored a number of works and was murdered by the Nazis during the Shoah.

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Kapo (concentration camp)

A kapo or prisoner functionary (Funktionshäftling, see) was a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp who was assigned by the SS guards to supervise forced labor or carry out administrative tasks.

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Karl Frenzel

Karl August Wilhelm Frenzel (20 August 1911 – 2 September 1996) was an SS non-commissioned officer in Sobibór extermination camp.

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Karl Pötzinger

SS-Oberscharführer Karl Pötzinger (1908–1944) born in Leipzig, Germany, was a Holocaust perpetrator who began his World War II career as the Action T4 “burner” at the Brandenburg Euthanasia Centre and at the Bernburg Euthanasia Centre with the rank of Staff Sergeant in the SA.

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Karl Steubl

SS-Sturmbannführer Karl Steubl, Steubel, or Steibel (25 October 1910 – 21 September 1945) was a Nazi, perpetrator of euthanasia programme dubbed Action T4, and commander of transportation at the Sobibór extermination camp during Operation Reinhard, the most deadly phase of the Holocaust.

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Karl Streibel

SS-Hauptsturmführer Karl Streibel (11 October 1903 – 1986) was the second and last commander of the Trawniki concentration camp – one of the subcamps of the KL Lublin system of Nazi concentration camps in occupied Poland during World War II.

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Klaus Barbie

Nikolaus "Klaus" Barbie (26 October 1913 – 25 September 1991) was an SS and Gestapo functionary during the Nazi era.

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Końskowola

Końskowola is a village in southeastern Poland (historic Lesser Poland region), located between Puławy and Lublin, near Kurów on the Kurówka River.

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Komarów-Osada

Komarów-Osada is a village in Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

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Konstanz

Konstanz (locally; formerly English: Constance, Czech: Kostnice, Latin: Constantia) is a university city with approximately 83,000 inhabitants located at the western end of Lake Constance in the south of Germany, bordering Switzerland.

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Kremenchuk

Kremenchuk (Кременчу́к, Kremenčuk,; Кременчу́г,, translit. Kremenchug), an important industrial city in central Ukraine, stands on the banks of the Dnieper River.

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Krychów

Krychów is a village neighbourhood (kolonia) in the administrative district of Gmina Hańsk, within Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

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Kurt Bolender

Heinz Kurt Bolender (May 21, 1912 – October 10, 1966) was a low-level SS commander during the Nazi era.

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Kurt Franz

Kurt Hubert Franz (17 January 1914 – 4 July 1998) was an SS officer and one of the commanders of the Treblinka extermination camp.

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Kurt Lilien

Kurt Lilien (6 August 1882 – 28 May 1943) was a German actor.

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Kurt Schrimm

Kurt Schrimm (born June 29, 1949 in Stuttgart) is a German prosecutor and since September 2000 he headed the Central Office of the State Justice Administrations for the Investigation of National Socialist Crimes in Ludwigsburg.

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Leo Smit (Dutch composer)

Leopold "Leo" Smit (14 May 1900 – 30 April 1943) was a Dutch composer, murdered during The Holocaust at the Sobibor extermination camp.

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Leon Feldhendler

Leon Feldhendler (Lejb Feldhendler) (1910 – 6 April 1945) was a Polish Jewish resistance fighter known for his role in organizing the 1943 prisoner uprising at the Sobibor extermination camp together with Alexander Pechersky.

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Leonardo Conti

Leonardo Conti, MD (24 August 1900 in Lugano – 6 October 1945 in Nuremberg) was the Reich Health Leader (Reichsgesundheitsführer) in Nazi Germany.

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List of Axis personnel indicted for war crimes

The following is a list of people suspected of committing war crimes on behalf of Nazi Germany or any of the Axis powers during World War II.

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List of Axis war crime trials

The following is a list of war crime trials and tribunals brought against the Axis powers following the conclusion of World War II.

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List of concentration and internment camps

This is a list of internment and concentration camps, organized by country.

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List of convicted war criminals

This is a list of convicted war criminals as according to the conduct and rules of warfare as defined by the Nuremberg Trials following World War II as well as earlier agreements established by the Hague Conferences of 1899 and 1907, the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928, and the Geneva Conventions of 1929 and 1949.

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List of denaturalized former citizens of the United States

This is a list of denaturalized former citizens of the United States, that is, those who became citizens through naturalization and were subsequently stripped of citizenship.

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List of Dutch Jews

This page is a list of notable Dutch Jews, arranged by field of activity.

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List of films based on actual events

This is a list of feature films that are based on actual events.

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List of Jews deported from Wageningen (1942–43)

This article lists Jews deported from Wageningen (Gelderland) and neighboring municipalities in the Netherlands by the Nazis during World War II.

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List of Jews in sports

This list of Jewish athletes in sports contains athletes who are Jewish and have attained outstanding achievements in sports.

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List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust

This is a list of major perpetrators of The Holocaust.

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List of Nazi concentration camps

This article presents a partial list of the most prominent Nazi German concentration camps set up across Europe during the course of World War II and the ensuing Holocaust.

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List of people associated with Anne Frank

Annelies Marie "Anne" Frank (12 June 1929 – February 1945)http://www.annefrank.org/en/Anne-Frank/All-people/Anne-Frank/ was a German-born Jewish girl who, along with her family and four other people, hid in the second and third floor rooms at the back of her father's Amsterdam company during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands.

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List of people from Ukraine

This is a list of individuals who were born and lived in territories currently in Ukraine, both ethnic Ukrainians and those of other ethnicities.

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List of people responsible for the Treblinka extermination camp

The Treblinka extermination camp was run by the SS, a Nazi paramilitary organization, with the help of Eastern European Trawnikis (Hiwis), who were collaborationist auxiliary police recruited directly from Soviet POW camps.

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List of revolutions and rebellions

This is a list of revolutions and rebellions.

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List of SS personnel

Between 1925 and 1945, the German Schutzstaffel (SS) grew from eight members to over a quarter of a million Waffen-SS and over a million Allgemeine-SS members.

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List of subcamps of Majdanek

The following is a list of subcamps of the Majdanek concentration camp run by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland during World War II.

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List of suicides

The following are lists of notable people who died from suicide.

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List of survivors of Sobibór

This is a list of survivors of the Sobibór extermination camp.

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List of victims of Nazism

This is a list of victims of Nazism who were noted for their achievements.

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List of victims of Sobibór

This is a list of people who died in the Sobibor extermination camp.

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List of war crimes

This article lists and summarises the war crimes committed since the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 and the crimes against humanity and crimes against peace that have been committed since these crimes were first defined in the Rome Statute.

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Lopes Suasso

Lopes Suasso (also: Lopes Suasso Diaz da Fonseca an: Lopis de Suasso) is the name of an important aristocratic Portuguese Jewish family that played an important role in banking.

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Lublin Reservation

The Lublin Reservation (Lublin-Reservat) was a concentration camp complex developed by Nazi German Schutzstaffel (SS) in the early stages of World War II, as the so-called "territorial solution to the Jewish Question".

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Lublin Voivodeship

Lublin Voivodeship, or Lublin Province (in Polish, województwo lubelskie), is a voivodeship, or province, located in southeastern Poland.

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Ludwig Marum

Ludwig Marum (5 November 1882 – 29 March 1934) was a Jewish German politician, an early victim of the Nazi Party after it came to power in 1933.

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Majdanek concentration camp

Majdanek, or KL Lublin, was a German concentration and extermination camp built and operated by the SS on the outskirts of the city of Lublin during the German occupation of Poland in World War II.

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Majdanek trials

The Majdanek trials were a series of consecutive war-crime trials held in Poland and in Germany after World War II, constituting the overall longest Nazi war crimes trial in history spanning over 30 years.

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March 1942

The following events occurred in March 1942.

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March 1943

The following events occurred in March 1943.

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March 1967

The following events occurred in March 1967.

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Mark-Paul Gosselaar

Mark-Paul Harry Gosselaar (born March 1, 1974) is an American actor.

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Maurice El Mediouni

Maurice El Mediouni, French El Médioni (مــوريــس الــمــديــونــي, born on 18 October 1928 in Oran, French Algeria) is a French Algerian pianist, composer and interpreter of Andalusian, rai, Sephardic and Arab music.

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Max Heiliger

Max Heiliger was a fictional name created during the Nazi era under authority of Reichsbank president Walther Funk in a secret arrangement with leader of the Schutzstaffel, Heinrich Himmler.

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Max van Dam

Max van Dam (March 19, 1910 – September 20, 1943) was a Dutch artist born in Winterswijk.

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May 1900

The following events occurred in May 1900.

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May 1942

The following events occurred in May 1942.

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Mühlviertler Hasenjagd

The Mühlviertler Hasenjagd was a Nazi war crime that took place near Linz in the Mühlviertel, a region in Upper Austria.

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Meisenheim

Meisenheim is a town in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Menachem Birnbaum

Menachem Birnbaum (born 1893 in Vienna, died probably 1944), was an Austrian Jewish book illustrator and portrait painter.

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Messaoud El Mediouni

Messaoud El Medioni, known as "Saoud l'Oranais" (Oran 25 November 1886 – Sobibor concentration camp after 23 March 1943) was a reputed Jewish-Algerian band leader and proprietor of the original Café Oran.

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Michel Velleman

Michel Velleman (5 January 1895 – 2 July 1943), in Joods Historisch Museum monument to victims of the Shoah known by his stage name Professor Ben Ali Libi, was a Jewish magician who was killed in World War II.

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Minsk Ghetto

The Minsk Ghetto was created soon after the German invasion of the Soviet Union.

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Moabit

Moabit is an inner city locality of Berlin.

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MS St. Louis

MS St.

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Nałęczów

Nałęczów is a spa town (population 4,800) situated on the Nałęczów Plateau in Poland's Lublin Province.

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Nazi concentration camp commandant

The commandant (KZ-Kommandant, Lagerkommandant) was the chief commanding position within the SS service of a Nazi concentration camp.

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Nazi concentration camps

Nazi Germany maintained concentration camps (Konzentrationslager, KZ or KL) throughout the territories it controlled before and during the Second World War.

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Nazi crimes against the Polish nation

Crimes against the Polish nation committed by Nazi Germany and the collaborationist forces during the invasion of Poland, along with auxiliary battalions during the subsequent occupation of Poland in World War II, claimed the lives of 2.77 million Poles and 2.7 to 2.9 million Polish Jews, according to estimates of the Polish government-affiliated Institute of National Remembrance (IPN).

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).

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Nazi hunter

A Nazi hunter is a private individual who tracks down and gathers information on alleged former Nazis, SS members, and Nazi collaborators who were involved in the Holocaust, typically for use at trial on charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity.

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New England Holocaust Memorial

The New England Holocaust Memorial is a memorial in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. It is dedicated to the Jewish people who were killed by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust.

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Nijverdal

Nijverdal is a town of approximately 30000 inhabitants in the Dutch province of Overijssel.

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Nuremberg trials

The Nuremberg trials (Die Nürnberger Prozesse) were a series of military tribunals held by the Allied forces under international law and the laws of war after World War II.

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Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)

The occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union during the Second World War (1939–1945) began with the German-Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939, and it was formally concluded with the defeat of Germany by the Allies in May 1945.

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October 14

No description.

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October 17

No description.

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October 1943

The following events occurred in October 1943.

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Odilo Globočnik

Odilo Globočnik (21 April 1904 – 31 May 1945) was an Austrian war criminal.

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Operation Last Chance

Operation Last Chance was launched July 2002 by the Simon Wiesenthal Center with its mission statement being to track down ex-Nazis still in hiding.

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Operation Reinhard

Operation Reinhard or Operation Reinhardt (Aktion Reinhard or Aktion Reinhardt also Einsatz Reinhard or Einsatz Reinhardt) was the codename given to the secretive German Nazi plan to exterminate the majority of Polish Jews in the General Government district of German-occupied Poland during World War II.

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Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral

The Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral (Operationszone Adriatisches Küstenland, OZAK; or colloquially: Operationszone Adria); Zona d'operazioni del Litorale adriatico; Operativna zona Jadransko primorje; Operacijska zona Jadransko primorje) was a Nazi German district on the northern Adriatic coast created during World War II in 1943. It was formed out of territories that were previously under Fascist Italian control until its takeover by Germany. It included parts of present-day Italian, Slovenian, and Croatian territories. The area was administered as territory attached, but not incorporated to, the Reichsgau of Carinthia. The capital of the zone was the city of Trieste.

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Opole

Opole (Oppeln, Silesian German: Uppeln, Uopole, Opolí) is a city located in southern Poland on the Oder River and the historical capital of Upper Silesia.

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Opole Lubelskie

Opole Lubelskie is a town in eastern Poland.

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Oregon Holocaust Memorial

The Oregon Holocaust Memorial is an outdoor memorial dedicated to victims of the Holocaust.

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Oskar Gröning

Oskar Gröning (10 June 1921 – 9 March 2018) was a German SS junior squad leader who was stationed at the Auschwitz concentration camp.

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Otto Herschmann

Dr.

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Parczew partisans

The Parczew partisans were fighters in irregular military groups participating in the Jewish resistance movement against Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II.

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Pati Kremer

Pati Kremer (1867–1943) was a Russian revolutionary socialist and pioneer of the General Jewish Workers' Union in Lithuania, Poland and Russia (Bund).

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Paul Bredow

Paul Bredow (1902 – December 1945) was an SS commander of Nazi Germany and a Holocaust perpetrator.

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Philip Bialowitz

Philip Bialowitz (December 25, 1925 – August 6, 2016) was a Polish Holocaust survivor and resistance fighter.

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Philip Slier

Philip "Flip" Slier (4 December 1923 – 9 April 1943) was a Jewish Dutch typesetter who lived in Amsterdam during the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II.

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Pińsk Ghetto

The Pińsk Ghetto (Getto w Pińsku) was a World War II extermination ghetto created by Nazi Germany for the confinement of Polish Jews living in the city of Pińsk (now Pinsk, Belarus) in the eastern territory of occupied Poland.

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Poniatowa concentration camp

Poniatowa concentration camp in the town of Poniatowa in occupied Poland, west of Lublin, was established by the SS in the latter half of 1941 initially, to hold Soviet prisoners of war following Operation Barbarossa.

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Posen speeches

The Posen speeches were two secret speeches made by Heinrich Himmler, the head of the SS, on 4 and 6 October 1943 in the town hall of Posen (Poznań), in German-occupied Poland.

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Progressive Jewish Thought and the New Anti-Semitism

"Progressive" Jewish Thought and the New Anti-Semitism is a 2006 essay written by Alvin Hirsch Rosenfeld, director of Indiana University's Center for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism and professor of English and Jewish Studies.

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Puławy

Puławy is a city in eastern Poland, in Lublin Province of northern Lesser Poland, located at the confluence of the Wisła and Kurówka rivers.

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Pyre

A pyre (πυρά; pyrá, from πῦρ, pyr, "fire"), also known as a funeral pyre, is a structure, usually made of wood, for burning a body as part of a funeral rite or execution.

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Rapportführer

Rapportführer (Report Leader) was a paramilitary title of the SS, specific to the Totenkopfverbände (Concentration Camp Service).

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Ratlines (World War II aftermath)

Ratlines were a system of escape routes for Nazis and other fascists fleeing Europe at the end of World War II.

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Reinhard Heydrich

Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich (7 March 1904 – 4 June 1942) was a high-ranking German Nazi official during World War II, and a main architect of the Holocaust.

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Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust

Polish Jews were the primary victims of the German-organized Holocaust. Throughout the German occupation of Poland, some Poles risked their lives – and the lives of their families – to rescue Jews from the Germans. Poles were, by nationality, the most numerous persons who rescued Jews during the Holocaust. To date, ethnic Poles have been recognized by the State of Israel as Righteous among the Nations – more, by far, than the citizens of any other country. The Home Army (the Polish Resistance) alerted the world to the Holocaust through the reports of Polish Army officer Witold Pilecki, conveyed by Polish Government-in-Exile courier Jan Karski. The Polish Government-in-Exile and the Polish Secret State pleaded, to no avail, for American and British help to stop the Holocaust. Some estimates put the number of Polish rescuers of Jews as high as 3 million, and credit Poles with saving up to some 450,000 Jews, temporarily, from certain death. The rescue efforts were aided by one of the largest resistance movements in Europe, the Polish Underground State and its military arm, the Home Army. Supported by the Government Delegation for Poland, these organizations operated special units dedicated to helping Jews; of those units, the most notable was the Żegota Council, based in Warsaw, with branches in Kraków, Wilno, and Lwów. Polish rescuers of Jews were hampered by the most stringent conditions in all of German-occupied Europe. Occupied Poland was the only country where the Germans decreed that any kind of help to Jews was punishable by death for the rescuer and the rescuer's entire family. Of the estimated 3 million non-Jewish Poles killed in World War II, thousands – perhaps as many as 50,000 – were executed by the Germans solely for saving Jews.

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Reserve Police Battalion 101

Reserve Police Battalion 101 was a Nazi German paramilitary formation of Ordnungspolizei (Order Police, abbreviated as Orpo), serving under the control of the SS by law.

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Resistance during World War II

Resistance movements during World War II occurred in every occupied country by a variety of means, ranging from non-cooperation, disinformation and propaganda, to hiding crashed pilots and even to outright warfare and the recapturing of towns.

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Responsibility for the Holocaust

Responsibility for the Holocaust is the subject of an ongoing historical debate that has spanned several decades.

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Richard Rashke

Richard L. Rashke (born 1936) is an American journalist, teacher and author, who has written non-fiction books, as well as plays and screenplays.

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Richard Thomalla

Richard Thomalla (23 October 1903 – 12 May 1945) was an SS commander of Nazi Germany.

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Robert Badinter

Robert Badinter (born 30 March 1928 in Paris) is a French lawyer and politician known for having championed the abolition of the death penalty in France in 1981.

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Robin O'Neil

Robin O'Neil is a Holocaust researcher and author.

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Romani genocide

The Romani genocide or the Romani Holocaust—also known as the Porajmos (Romani pronunciation), the Pharrajimos ("Cutting up", "Fragmentation", "Destruction"), and the Samudaripen ("Mass killing")—was the effort by Nazi Germany and its World War II allies to commit genocide against Europe's Romani people.

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Ronny Naftaniel

Ronald Maurice (Ronny) Naftaniel (born October 10, 1948 in Amsterdam) is the director of the Centrum Informatie en Documentatie Israël (Center for Information and Documentation Israel) (CIDI), in The Hague, The Netherlands.

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Rostov-on-Don

Rostov-on-Don (p) is a port city and the administrative center of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia.

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Rudolf Beckmann

Rudolf Beckmann (20 February 1910 in OsnabrückErnst Klee: Das Kulturlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007,, p. 37. – 14 October 1943 in Sobibor) was a German SS-Oberscharführer in the Sobibór extermination camp.

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Rudolf Masarek

Rudolf (Rudi) Masarek (or Masaryk) (10 September 1913 — 2 August 1943) was a Czech prisoner of the Treblinka extermination camp and a prominent member of the Treblinka prisoner uprising.

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Ruth Deech, Baroness Deech

Ruth Lynn Deech, Baroness Deech, DBE (née Fraenkel; born 29 April 1943, Clapham, London) is a British academic, lawyer, bioethicist and politician, most noted for chairing the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), from 1994 to 2002, and as the former Principal of St Anne's College, Oxford.

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Ryczywół, Masovian Voivodeship

Ryczywół is a village (a town in 1409 - 1869) in Masovian Voivodeship, Poland, located in the northern edge of the historic region of Lesser Poland.

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Ryki

Ryki is a town in eastern Poland along National Road number 17, between Warsaw and Lublin.

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Sawin, Lublin Voivodeship

Sawin is a settlement in Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

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Schutzstaffel

The Schutzstaffel (SS; also stylized as with Armanen runes;; literally "Protection Squadron") was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II.

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Selma Engel-Wijnberg

Selma Engel-Wijnberg (born Saartje (Selme) Wijnberg; born 15 May 1922) is a Dutch Jewish Holocaust survivor.

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September 18

No description.

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September 1943

The following events occurred in September 1943.

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Siedliszcze, Gmina Siedliszcze

Siedliszcze is a town in Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

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Siegfried Graetschus

Siegfried Graetschus (9 June 1916 – 14 October 1943) was a German SS functionary at the Sobibor extermination camp during Operation Reinhard, the deadliest phase of the Holocaust in occupied Poland.

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Simon Wiesenthal

Simon Wiesenthal (31 December 190820 September 2005) was a Jewish Austrian Holocaust survivor, Nazi hunter, and writer.

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Sobibór extermination camp

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Sobibór Landscape Park

Sobibór Landscape Park (Sobiborski Park Krajobrazowy) is a protected area (Landscape Park) created in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland in 1983.

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Sobibór Museum

The Sobibór Museum or the Museum of the Former Sobibór Nazi Death Camp (Muzeum Byłego Hitlerowskiego Obozu Zagłady w Sobiborze), is a Polish state-owned museum devoted to remembering the atrocities committed at the former Sobibor extermination camp located on the outskirts of Sobibór near Lublin.

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Sobibór trial

The Sobibór trial was a judicial trial directly concerning the Sobibór extermination camp personnel.

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Sobibór, Lublin Voivodeship

Sobibór is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Włodawa, within Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

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Sobibór, October 14, 1943, 4 p.m.

Sobibór, October 14, 1943, 4 p.m. (Sobibór, 14 octobre 1943, 16 heures) is a 2001 French documentary film directed by Claude Lanzmann.

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Sobibor (film)

Sobibor (Собибор) is a 2018 Russian war drama film directed by and starring Konstantin Khabensky.

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Soltau (Han) station

Soltau (Han) station is in the town of Soltau in the German state of Lower Saxony, located in the centre of the Lüneburg Heath.

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Sonderaktion 1005

The Sonderaktion 1005 (Special Action 1005), also called Aktion 1005, or Enterdungsaktion (Exhumation Action) began in May 1942 during World War II to hide any evidence that people had been murdered by Nazi Germany in Aktion Reinhard in occupied Poland.

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Sonderbehandlung

Sonderbehandlung (special treatment) is a term which can refer to any sort of preferential treatment, but is known primarily as a euphemism for mass murder used by Nazi functionaries and the SS, who commonly used the abbreviation S.B. in documentation.

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Sonderdienst

Sonderdienst (Special Services) were the Nazi German paramilitary formations created in semicolonial General Government during the occupation of Poland in World War II.

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Sonderkommando

Sonderkommandos (special unit) were work units made up of German Nazi death camp prisoners.

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Sonnenstein Euthanasia Centre

The Sonnenstein Euthanasia Clinic (NS-Tötungsanstalt Sonnenstein; literally "National Socialist Killing Institution Sonnenstein") was a Nazi euthanasia or extermination centre located in the former fortress of Sonnenstein Castle near Pirna in eastern Germany, where a hospital had been established in 1811.

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Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast

Sovetsk (Сове́тск), before 1946 known as Tilsit (Tilžė; Tylża) in East Prussia, is a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the south bank of the Neman River.

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SS-Totenkopfverbände

SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV), rendered in English as Death's Head Units, was the SS organization responsible for administering the Nazi concentration camps for the Third Reich, among similar duties.

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Stanisław Szmajzner

Stanisław "Szlomo" Szmajzner (13 March 1927 in Puławy, Poland - 3 March 1989 in Goiânia, Brazil) was one of 47 known survivors of the Sobibór extermination camp in German-occupied Poland and participated in the 1943 camp-wide revolt and escape from Sobibór.

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Stolpersteine in Prague-Karlín

The Stolpersteine in Prague-Karlín lists the Stolpersteine in cadastral area Karlín of Prague.

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Stolpersteine in Prague-Nusle

The Stolpersteine in Prague-Nusle lists the Stolpersteine in the district Nusle of Prague.

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Stolpersteine in Prague-Vršovice and Modřany

The Stolpersteine in Prague-Vršovice and Modřany lists the Stolpersteine in the town quarters Vršovice (Praha 10) and Modřany (Praha 12).

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Stolpersteine in the Kraj Vysočina

The Stolpersteine in the Kraj Vysočina lists the Stolpersteine in the Vysočina Region (Kraj Vysočina "Highlands Region") in the south-east of Bohemia.

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Stolpersteine in the Plzeňský kraj

The Stolpersteine in the Plzeňský kraj lists the Stolpersteine in the Plzeň Region (Plzeňský kraj) in the western part of Bohemia.

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Stropkov

Stropkov (Sztropkó,, סטראפקאוו) is a town in Stropkov District, Prešov Region, Slovakia.

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Stutthof trials

Stutthof trials were a series of war crime tribunals held in postwar Poland for the prosecution of Stutthof concentration camp staff and officials, responsible for the murder of up to 85,000 prisoners during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany in World War II.

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Subsequent Nuremberg trials

The subsequent Nuremberg trials (formally the Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals) were a series of twelve U.S. military tribunals for war crimes against members of the leadership of Nazi Germany, held in the Palace of Justice, Nuremberg, after World War II from 1946 to 1949 following the Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal.

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Többens and Schultz

Többens and Schultz (Többens und Schultz & Co) was a Nazi German textile manufacturing conglomerate making German uniforms, socks and garments in the Warsaw Ghetto and elsewhere, during the occupation of Poland in World War II.

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The Black Book of Polish Jewry

The Black Book of Polish Jewry is a 400-page report about the progress of the Holocaust in Poland published in 1943 during World War II by the American Federation for Polish Jews in cooperation with the Association of Jewish Refugees and Immigrants from Poland.

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The Holocaust

The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered approximately 6 million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945.

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The Holocaust in Poland

The Holocaust in German-occupied Poland was the last and most lethal phase of Nazi Germany's "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" (Endlösung der Judenfrage), marked by the construction of death camps on German-occupied Polish soil.

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The Holocaust in Russia

The Holocaust in Russia refers to the Nazi crimes during the occupation of Russia (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) by Nazi Germany.

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The Rift (novel)

The Rift is a 1999 science fiction novel by American writer Walter Jon Williams.

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Thomas Blatt

Thomas "Toivi" Blatt (born Tomasz Blatt; April 15, 1927 – October 31, 2015) was a Polish-American Holocaust survivor, writer of mémoires, and public speaker, who at the age of 16 escaped from the Sobibór extermination camp during the uprising staged by the Jewish Sonderkommando prisoners in October 1943.

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Thomas Harlan

Thomas Christoph Harlan (19 February 1929 – 16 October 2010) was a German author and director of French-language films.

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Thomas Walther (lawyer)

Justice Thomas Walther (b 1943) is a lawyer based in Kempten, in the province of Bavaria in Germany.

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Timeline of Brazilian history

This is a timeline of Brazilian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Brazil and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of deportations of French Jews to death camps

This is a timeline of deportations of French Jews to Nazi extermination camps in German-occupied Europe during World War II.

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Timeline of Polish history

This is a timeline of Polish history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Poland and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of the Holocaust

..A timeline of the Holocaust is detailed in the events listed below.

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Timeline of World War II (1943)

This is a timeline of events that occurred during World War II in 1943.

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Torben Jørgensen (historian)

Torben Jørgensen (born 1958) is a Danish historian.

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Trawniki

Trawniki is a village in Świdnik County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

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Trawniki concentration camp

The Trawniki concentration camp was set up by Nazi Germany in the village of Trawniki about southeast of Lublin during the occupation of Poland in World War II.

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Trawniki men

Trawniki men (Trawnikimänner) were Central and Eastern European collaborators recruited from prisoner-of-war camps set up by Nazi Germany for Soviet Red Army soldiers captured in the border regions during Operation Barbarossa launched in June 1941.

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Treblinka extermination camp

Treblinka was an extermination camp, built and operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland during World War II.

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Treblinka trials

The two Treblinka trials concerning the Treblinka extermination camp personnel began in 1964.

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Treblinka, Masovian Voivodeship

Treblinka is a village located in eastern Poland with 350 inhabitants.

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War crimes in occupied Poland during World War II

It's estimated that over six million Polish citizens,Project in Posterum, Retrieved 20 September 2013.

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Warburg family

The Warburg family is a prominent German and American banking family of German Jewish and originally Venetian Jewish descent, noted for their varied accomplishments in biochemistry, botany, political activism, economics, investment banking, law, physics, classical music, art history, pharmacology, physiology, finance, private equity and philanthropy.

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Warsaw Ghetto

The Warsaw Ghetto (Warschauer Ghetto, officially Jüdischer Wohnbezirk in Warschau Jewish Residential District in Warsaw; getto warszawskie) was the largest of all the Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Europe during World War II.

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Włodawa

Włodawa (וולאָדאַווע Vlodave, Володава Volodava) is a town in eastern Poland on the Bug River, close to the borders with Belarus and Ukraine.

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Westerbork transit camp

Camp Westerbork (Kamp Westerbork, Durchgangslager Westerbork) was a transit camp in Drenthe province, northeastern Netherlands, during World War II.

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Wilhelm Gerstenmeier

SS-Hauptsturmführer Wilhelm Gerstenmeier (17 January or 17 October 1908 – 3 December 1944) was a German member of the SS (member number 13300) during World War II.

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Wilhelm Harster

Wilhelm Harster (b 21 July 1904 – 25 December 1991) was a high-ranking member in the SS and a Holocaust perpetrator during the Nazi era.

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Willem Klein

Willem Klein (4 December 1912 – 1 August 1986), also known as Wim Klein or under his stage names Pascal and Willy Wortel, was a Dutch mathematician, famous for being able to carry out very complicated calculations in his head very fast.

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Willi Mentz

SS-Unterscharführer Willi Mentz (30 April 1904 – 25 June 1978) was a member of the German SS in World War II and a Holocaust perpetrator who worked at Treblinka extermination camp during the Operation Reinhard phase of the Holocaust in Poland.

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Women in Nazi Germany

Women in Nazi Germany were subject to doctrines of Nazism by the Nazi Party (NSDAP), promoting exclusion of women from political life of Germany along with its executive body as well as its executive committees.

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World War II casualties

World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history in absolute terms of total casualties.

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World War II casualties of Poland

Approximately six million Polish citizens perished during World War II: about one fifth of the pre-war population.

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Yad Vashem

Yad Vashem (יָד וַשֵׁם; literally, "a monument and a name") is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust.

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Yva

Yva (1900–1942/44) was the professional pseudonym of Else Ernestine Neuländer-Simon who was a German Jewish photographer renowned for her dreamlike, multiple exposed images.

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Zehdenick

Zehdenick is a town in the Oberhavel district, in Brandenburg, Germany.

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1942

Below, events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.

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1942 in Germany

Events in the year 1942 in Germany.

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1942 in poetry

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

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1943

Below, events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.

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1967

No description.

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1987 in British television

This is a list of British television related events from 1987.

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2013 in archaeology

The year 2013 in archaeology involved some significant events.

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Redirects here:

Sobibor, Sobibor concentration camp, Sobibor deathcamp, Sobibor extermination camp, Sobibór, Sobibór Uprising, Sobibór concentration camp, Sobibór uprising, Wolzek.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobibór_extermination_camp

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