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Sodium carbonate

Index Sodium carbonate

Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, (also known as washing soda, soda ash and soda crystals, and in the monohydrate form as crystal carbonate) is the water-soluble sodium salt of carbonic acid. [1]

586 relations: Acid–base titration, Actinide, Adami Tullu and Jido Kombolcha, Agathodaemon (alchemist), Ajax (cleaning product), Akdeniz, Mersin, Alkali manufacture, Alkali salt, Alkali soil, Alkaline earth metal, Alkaline pasta, Alum Rock Park, Amadou, Amak Volcano, Amaranthaceae, Americium, Ammonium carbonate, Ammonium chloride, Amorphous calcium carbonate, Aniline, Antacid, Anthrax, Apothecaries' system, Apparent molar property, Aqueous two-phase system, Archibald Cochrane, 9th Earl of Dundonald, Arm & Hammer, Arsi Negele (woreda), Ash (analytical chemistry), Ash (disambiguation), Augustin-Jean Fresnel, Azurite, Østbanegade, Bakhmut, Barcaldine, Queensland, Barilla, Barium carbonate, Barium metaphosphate, Base (chemistry), BASF, Basic copper carbonate, Bayer process, Bead test, Benedict's reagent, Benstonite, Bentonite, Benzaldehyde, Bicarbonate, Bicinchoninic acid assay, Bimini Baths, ..., Birmingham, Black Veil Respirator, Bleach, Blood agent, Blue Hole (Castalia), Boiler feedwater, Boiler water, Boron nitride, Borosilicate glass, Bright spots on Ceres, Brine mining, Bronze disease, BtpA protein, Burgundy mixture, Butyryl chloride, Caesium carbonate, Caffenol, Calcium chloride, Calcium cyanamide, Calgon Carbon, Caramel color, Carbomethoxymethylenetriphenylphosphorane, Carbon capture and storage, Carbon dioxide scrubber, Carbon sequestration, Carbonatation, Carbonate, Carbonated water, Carboxybenzyl, Carl Gustav Guckelberger, Carmine, Castile soap, Castner process, Caustic embrittlement, Century egg, Ceres (dwarf planet), Chad, Chalconatronite, Chemical industry, Chemical industry in Poland, Chemical reaction, Chemische Fabrik Kalk, Chemistry set, Chinese noodles, Chlorine production, Chromate and dichromate, Chromium, Chromium(III) sulfate, CIECH, Cillit Bang, Cimolian earth, Ciner Holding, Ciner Wyoming, Clayton Aniline Company, Clorox, Cobalt extraction, Cobalt(III) hydroxide, Cocaine, Cochineal, Coenraad Johannes van Houten, Columbia-Southern Chemical Corporation, Comet (cleanser), Commodity chemicals, Common ion effect, Compounds of carbon, Copper aspirinate, Copper(II) carbonate, Cristallo, Crown Fountain, Cyanate, Cyanide poisoning, Cyanotype, Cyclooctadiene rhodium chloride dimer, Dakin's solution, De re metallica, Deacon process, Dead Indian Soda Springs, Deville process, Devnya, Dhrangadhra, Diamond cut, Diatomaceous earth, Dichlorine monoxide, Dicopper chloride trihydroxide, Diethyl sulfide, Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride, Dishwasher detergent, Dishwashing liquid, Dombasle-sur-Meurthe, Drackett, Dried cherry, Dye, Dylon, Dynamite, E number, Earwax, Ebensee, Economy of Botswana, Economy of Ethiopia, Economy of Gujarat, Economy of Kenya, Economy of Manchukuo, Efflorescence, Eigg, El Caracol, Ecatepec, Electrolysis, Emi Koussi, Environmental impact of the coal industry, Environmental movement, Environmentalism, Ernest Solvay, Ernst Gottfried Fischer, Eti Soda, Fétizon oxidation, FC Sodovik Sterlitamak, Feargus B. 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Acid–base titration

An acid–base titration is the determination of the concentration of an acid or base by exactly neutralizing the acid or base with an acid or base of known concentration.

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Actinide

The actinide or actinoid (IUPAC nomenclature) series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium.

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Adami Tullu and Jido Kombolcha

Adami Tullu and Jido Kombolcha is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia.

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Agathodaemon (alchemist)

Agathodaemon (Ἀγαθοδαίμων, Agathodaímōn) was an alchemist in late Roman Egypt, known only from fragments quoted in medieval alchemical treatises, chiefly the Anepigraphos, which refer to works of his believed to be from the 3rd century.

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Ajax (cleaning product)

Ajax is a brand of cleaning products of Colgate-Palmolive.

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Akdeniz, Mersin

Akdeniz is a municipality and district governorate in Greater Mersin, Turkey.

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Alkali manufacture

Alkali manufacture is the process by which an alkali is made.

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Alkali salt

Alkali salts or basic salts are salts that are the product of the neutralization of a strong base and a weak acid.

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Alkali soil

Alkali, or Alkaline, soils are clay soils with high pH (> 8.5), a poor soil structure and a low infiltration capacity.

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Alkaline earth metal

The alkaline earth metals are six chemical elements in group 2 of the periodic table.

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Alkaline pasta

. Alkaline pasta, or alkaline noodles, is a variation of standard Chinese or Italian noodles in which a much higher than usual quantity of an alkaline component is part of the fabrication process.

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Alum Rock Park

Alum Rock Park, in the Alum Rock district of San Jose, California, is California's oldest municipal park, founded in 1872.

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Amadou

Amadou is a spongy material derived from ''Fomes fomentarius'' fungi that grow on the bark of coniferous and angiosperm trees, and have the appearance of a horse's hoof (thus the name "horse fungus").

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Amak Volcano

Amak Volcano is a basaltic andesite stratovolcano in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska, USA, from Anchorage.

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Amaranthaceae

Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus Amaranthus.

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Americium

Americium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Am and atomic number 95.

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Ammonium carbonate

Ammonium carbonate is a salt with the chemical formula (NH4)2CO3.

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Ammonium chloride

Ammonium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula NH4Cl and a white crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water.

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Amorphous calcium carbonate

Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) is the amorphous and least stable polymorph of calcium carbonate.

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Aniline

Aniline is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NH2.

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Antacid

An antacid is a substance which neutralizes stomach acidity and is used to relieve heartburn, indigestion or an upset stomach.

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Anthrax

Anthrax is an infection caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis.

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Apothecaries' system

The apothecaries' system or apothecaries' weights and measures is a historical system of mass and volume units that were used by physicians and apothecaries for medical recipes, and also sometimes by scientists.

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Apparent molar property

An apparent molar property of a solution component in a mixture or solution is a quantity defined with the purpose of isolating the contribution of each component to the non-ideality of the mixture.

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Aqueous two-phase system

Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) or aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) are clean alternatives for traditional organic-water solvent extraction systems.

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Archibald Cochrane, 9th Earl of Dundonald

Archibald Cochrane, 9th Earl of Dundonald FRSE (1 January 1748 – 1 July 1831) was a Scottish nobleman and inventor.

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Arm & Hammer

Arm & Hammer is a registered trademark of Church & Dwight, a major American manufacturer of household products.

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Arsi Negele (woreda)

Arsi Negele is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia.

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Ash (analytical chemistry)

In analytical chemistry, ashing or ash content determination is the process of mineralization for preconcentration of trace substances prior to a chemical analysis, such as chromatography, or optical analysis, such as spectroscopy.

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Ash (disambiguation)

Ash is the solid remains of fire.

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Augustin-Jean Fresnel

Augustin-Jean Fresnel (10 May 178814 July 1827) was a French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light, excluding any remnant of Newton's corpuscular theory, from the late 1830s until the end of the 19th century.

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Azurite

Azurite is a soft, deep blue copper mineral produced by weathering of copper ore deposits.

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Østbanegade

Østbanegade is a street in Copenhagen, Denmark.

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Bakhmut

Bakhmut (Ба́хмут, Бахмут) formerly Artemivsk/Artyomovsk (Артемівськ, Артёмовск), is a city of regional significance in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine.

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Barcaldine, Queensland

Barcaldine (locally) is a small town and locality in the Barcaldine Region in Central West Queensland, Australia.

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Barilla

Barilla refers to several species of salt-tolerant (halophyte) plants that, until the 19th Century, were the primary source of soda ash and hence of sodium carbonate.

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Barium carbonate

Barium carbonate (BaCO3), also known as witherite, is a chemical compound used in rat poison, bricks, ceramic glazes and cement.

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Barium metaphosphate

Barium metaphosphate is an inorganic substance with the molecular formula Ba(PO3)2.

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Base (chemistry)

In chemistry, bases are substances that, in aqueous solution, release hydroxide (OH−) ions, are slippery to the touch, can taste bitter if an alkali, change the color of indicators (e.g., turn red litmus paper blue), react with acids to form salts, promote certain chemical reactions (base catalysis), accept protons from any proton donor, and/or contain completely or partially displaceable OH− ions.

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BASF

BASF SE is a German chemical company and the largest chemical producer in the world.

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Basic copper carbonate

Basic copper carbonate is a chemical compound, more properly called copper(II) carbonate hydroxide.

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Bayer process

The Bayer process is the principal industrial means of refining bauxite to produce alumina (aluminium oxide).

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Bead test

The bead test is a traditional part of qualitative inorganic analysis to test for the presence of certain metals.

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Benedict's reagent

Benedict's reagent (often called Benedict's qualitative solution or Benedict's solution) is a chemical reagent named after American chemist Stanley Rossiter Benedict.

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Benstonite

Benstonite is a mineral with formula Ba6Ca6Mg(CO3)13.

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Bentonite

Bentonite (/ˈbɛntənʌɪt/) is an absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite.

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Benzaldehyde

Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) is an organic compound consisting of a benzene ring with a formyl substituent.

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Bicarbonate

In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid.

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Bicinchoninic acid assay

The bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA assay), also known as the Smith assay, after its inventor, Paul K. Smith at the Pierce Chemical Company, is a biochemical assay for determining the total concentration of protein in a solution (0.5 μg/mL to 1.5 mg/mL), similar to Lowry protein assay, Bradford protein assay or biuret reagent.

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Bimini Baths

Bimini Baths (also, Bimini Hot Springs and Sanitarium; currently Bimini Slough Ecology Park) was a geothermal mineral water public bathhouse and plunge in what is now Koreatown, Los Angeles, California, US.

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Birmingham

Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England, with an estimated population of 1,101,360, making it the second most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.

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Black Veil Respirator

The Black Veil Respirator was an early British gas mask designed by John Scott Haldane and introduced in May 1915.

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Bleach

Bleach is the generic name for any chemical product which is used industrially and domestically to whiten clothes, lighten hair color and remove stains.

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Blood agent

A blood agent is a toxic chemical agent that affects the body by being absorbed into the blood.

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Blue Hole (Castalia)

The Blue Hole is a fresh water pond located in Castalia, Erie County, Ohio, in the United States.

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Boiler feedwater

Boiler feedwater is an essential part of boiler operations.

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Boiler water

Boiler water is the liquid phase of steam within a boiler.

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Boron nitride

Boron nitride is a heat and chemically resistant refractory compound of boron and nitrogen with the chemical formula BN.

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Borosilicate glass

Borosilicate glass is a type of glass with silica and boron trioxide as the main glass-forming constituents.

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Bright spots on Ceres

Several bright surface features (also known as faculae) were discovered on the dwarf planet Ceres by the ''Dawn'' spacecraft in 2015.

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Brine mining

Brine mining is the extraction of useful materials (elements or compounds) which are naturally dissolved in brine.

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Bronze disease

Bronze disease is the irreversible and nearly inexorable corrosion process occurring when chlorides come into contact with bronze or other copper-bearing alloys.

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BtpA protein

In molecular biology, the BtpA protein family is a family of proteins which includes BtpA.

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Burgundy mixture

Burgundy mixture, named after the French district where it was first used to treat grapes and vines, is a mixture of copper sulfate and sodium carbonate.

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Butyryl chloride

Butyryl chloride (also known as n-Butyryl chloride, butanoyl chloride, or C-4 Acyl halide) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C4H7ClO.

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Caesium carbonate

Caesium carbonate or cesium carbonate is a white crystalline solid compound.

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Caffenol

Caffenol is a photographic alternative process whereby phenols, sodium carbonate and optionally Vitamin C are used in aqueous solution as a film and print photographic developer.

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Calcium chloride

Calcium chloride is an inorganic compound, a salt with the chemical formula CaCl2.

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Calcium cyanamide

Calcium cyanamide is the inorganic compound with the formula CaCN2.

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Calgon Carbon

Calgon Carbon Corporation is a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania based company that manufactures and markets products that remove contaminants and odors from liquids and gases, both for industrial, municipal, and consumer markets.

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Caramel color

Caramel color or caramel coloring is a water-soluble food coloring.

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Carbomethoxymethylenetriphenylphosphorane

Carbomethoxymethylenetriphenylphosphorane is a chemical compound used in organic syntheses.

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Carbon capture and storage

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) (or carbon capture and sequestration or carbon control and sequestration) is the process of capturing waste carbon dioxide from large point sources, such as fossil fuel power plants, transporting it to a storage site, and depositing it where it will not enter the atmosphere, normally an underground geological formation.

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Carbon dioxide scrubber

A carbon dioxide scrubber is a device which absorbs carbon dioxide (CO2).

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Carbon sequestration

Carbon sequestration is the process involved in carbon capture and the long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide or other forms of carbon to mitigate or defer global warming.

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Carbonatation

Carbonatation is a chemical reaction in which calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide and forms insoluble calcium carbonate: The process of forming a carbonate is sometimes referred to as "carbonation", although this term usually refers to the process of dissolving carbon dioxide in water.

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Carbonate

In chemistry, a carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid (H2CO3), characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, a polyatomic ion with the formula of.

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Carbonated water

Carbonated water (bubbly water, fizzy water) is water into which carbon dioxide gas under pressure has been dissolved, either by technology or by a natural geologic source.

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Carboxybenzyl

Carboxybenzyl, symbol Cbz, Cbo (old symbol), or Z (in honor of its inventor Leonidas Zervas), is a carbamate which is often used as an amine protecting group in organic synthesis.

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Carl Gustav Guckelberger

Carl Gustav Guckelberger (1820 – August 9, 1902) was a German chemist.

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Carmine

Carmine, also called cochineal, cochineal extract, crimson lake or carmine lake, natural red 4, C.I. 75470, or E120, is a pigment of a bright-red color obtained from the aluminium salt of carminic acid; it is also a general term for a particularly deep-red color.

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Castile soap

Castile soap is an olive-oil-based hard soap made in a style similar to that originating in the Castile region of Spain.

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Castner process

The Castner process is a process for manufacturing sodium metal by electrolysis of molten sodium hydroxide at approximately 330 °C.

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Caustic embrittlement

Caustic embrittlement is the phenomenon in which the material of a boiler becomes brittle due to the accumulation of caustic substances.

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Century egg

Century egg or Pidan, also known as preserved egg, hundred-year egg, thousand-year egg, thousand-year-old egg, millennium egg, skin egg and black egg, is a Chinese preserved food product and delicacy made by preserving duck, chicken or quail eggs in a mixture of clay, ash, salt, quicklime, and rice hulls for several weeks to several months, depending on the method of processing. Through the process, the yolk becomes a dark green to grey color, with a creamy consistency and strong flavor due to the hydrogen sulfide and ammonia present, while the white becomes a dark brown, translucent jelly with a salty flavor. The transforming agent in the century egg is an alkaline salt, which gradually raises the pH of the egg to around 9–12, during the curing process. This chemical process breaks down some of the complex, flavorless proteins and fats, which produces a variety of smaller flavorful compounds. Some eggs have patterns near the surface of the egg white that are likened to pine branches, and that gives rise to one of its Chinese names, the pine-patterned egg.

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Ceres (dwarf planet)

Ceres (minor-planet designation: 1 Ceres) is the largest object in the asteroid belt that lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, slightly closer to Mars' orbit.

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Chad

Chad (تشاد; Tchad), officially the Republic of Chad ("Republic of the Chad"), is a landlocked country in Central Africa.

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Chalconatronite

Chalconatronite is a carbonate mineral and rare secondary copper mineral that contains copper, sodium, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, its chemical formula is Na2Cu(CO3)2•3(H2O).

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Chemical industry

The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals.

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Chemical industry in Poland

Chemical industry in Poland - one of the key branches of the processing industry which includes.

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Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.

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Chemische Fabrik Kalk

Chemische Fabrik Kalk (CFK) (lit. Chemical Factory Kalk) was a German chemicals company based in Kalk, a city district of Cologne.

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Chemistry set

A chemistry set is an educational toy allowing the user (typically a teenager) to perform simple chemistry experiments.

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Chinese noodles

Noodles are an essential ingredient and staple in Chinese cuisine.

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Chlorine production

This article presents the industrial and laboratory methods to prepare elemental chlorine.

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Chromate and dichromate

Chromate salts contain the chromate anion,.

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Chromium

Chromium is a chemical element with symbol Cr and atomic number 24.

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Chromium(III) sulfate

Chromium(III) sulfate usually refers to the inorganic compounds with the formula Cr2(SO4)3.

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CIECH

CIECH S.A., established in Łódź, Poland in 1945, is one of the leaders on the European chemical industry.

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Cillit Bang

Cillit Bang (sold in some countries as Easy-Off Bam or Easy-Off Bang) is the brand name of a range of cleaning products sold by the consumer products manufacturer Reckitt Benckiser.

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Cimolian earth

Cimolian Earth (Greek: κιμωλια, Latin: terra simolia), also known as "cimolite", refers to a variety of clays used widely in the ancient world.

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Ciner Holding

Ciner Holding (Park Holding until December 1994) is an industrial conglomerate in Turkey operating in energy, media, and commerce.

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Ciner Wyoming

The Ciner Wyoming LCC is a mining and chemical industry company based in Wyoming, United States producing natural soda ash from trona.

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Clayton Aniline Company

The Clayton Aniline Company Ltd. was an English manufacturer of dyestuffs, founded in 1876 by Charles Dreyfus in Clayton, Manchester.

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Clorox

The Clorox Company (formerly Clorox Chemical Co.), based in Oakland, California, is an American worldwide manufacturer and marketer of consumer and professional products with approximately 8,100 employees worldwide as of June 30, 2017.

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Cobalt extraction

Cobalt extraction refers to the techniques used to extract cobalt from its ores and other compound ores.

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Cobalt(III) hydroxide

Cobalt(III) hydroxide or cobaltic hydroxide is a chemical compound with formula or.

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Cocaine

Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug.

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Cochineal

The cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) is a scale insect in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, from which the natural dye carmine is derived.

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Coenraad Johannes van Houten

Coenraad Johannes van Houten (March 15, 1801, Amsterdam – 27 May 1887, Weesp) was a Dutch chemist and chocolate maker known for the treatment of cocoa mass with alkaline salts to remove the bitter taste and make cocoa solids more water-soluble; the resulting product is still called "Dutch process chocolate".

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Columbia-Southern Chemical Corporation

Columbia-Southern Chemical Corporation was a subsidiary of Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company.

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Comet (cleanser)

Comet is a powdered cleaning product and brand of related cleansing products.

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Commodity chemicals

Commodity chemicals (or bulk commodities or bulk chemicals) are a group of chemicals that are made on a very large scale to satisfy global markets.

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Common ion effect

The common ion effect states that in a chemical solution, if the concentration of any one of the ions is increased, then, some of the ions in excess should be removed from solution, by combining with the oppositely charged ions.

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Compounds of carbon

Compounds of carbon are defined as chemical substances containing carbon.

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Copper aspirinate

Copper(II) aspirinate is an aspirin chelate of copper(II) cations (Cu2+).

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Copper(II) carbonate

Copper(II) carbonate or cupric carbonate is a chemical compound with formula.

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Cristallo

Cristallo is a glass which is totally clear (like rock crystal), without the slight yellow or greenish color originating from iron oxide impurities.

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Crown Fountain

Crown Fountain is an interactive work of public art and video sculpture featured in Chicago's Millennium Park, which is located in the Loop community area.

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Cyanate

The cyanate ion is an anion with the chemical formula written as − or −. In aqueous solution it acts as a base, forming isocyanic acid, HNCO.

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Cyanide poisoning

Cyanide poisoning is poisoning that results from exposure to a number of forms of cyanide.

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Cyanotype

Cyanotype is a photographic printing process that produces a cyan-blue print.

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Cyclooctadiene rhodium chloride dimer

Cyclooctadiene rhodium chloride dimer is the organorhodium compound with the formula Rh2Cl2(C8H12)2, commonly abbreviated 2 or Rh2Cl2(COD)2.

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Dakin's solution

Dakin's solution is a dilute solution of sodium hypochlorite (0.4% to 0.5%) and other stabilizing ingredients, traditionally used as an antiseptic, e.g. to cleanse wounds in order to prevent infection.

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De re metallica

De re metallica (Latin for On the Nature of Metals) is a book cataloguing the state of the art of mining, refining, and smelting metals, published a year posthumously in 1556 due to a delay in preparing woodcuts for the text.

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Deacon process

The Deacon process is a process used during the manufacture of alkalis (the initial end product was sodium carbonate) by the Leblanc process.

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Dead Indian Soda Springs

The Dead Indian Soda Springs are an assortment of small mineral springs that feed into Dead Indian Creek near Eagle Point, Oregon, United States.

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Deville process

The Deville process was the first industrial process used to produce alumina from bauxite.

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Devnya

Devnya (Девня) is a town in Varna Province, Northeastern Bulgaria, located about 25 km away to the west from the city of Varna and The Black Sea Coast.

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Dhrangadhra

Dhrangadhra is a town and a municipality in Surendranagar district in the state of Gujarat, India.

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Diamond cut

A diamond cut is a style or design guide used when shaping a diamond for polishing such as the brilliant cut.

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Diatomaceous earth

Diatomaceous earth – also known as D.E., diatomite, or kieselgur/kieselguhr – is a naturally occurring, soft, siliceous sedimentary rock that is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder.

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Dichlorine monoxide

Dichlorine monoxide, is an inorganic compound with the molecular formula Cl2O.

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Dicopper chloride trihydroxide

Dicopper chloride trihydroxide is the chemical compound with the formula Cu2(OH)3Cl.

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Diethyl sulfide

Diethyl sulfide is a clear flammable chemical compound with a pungent garlic-like odor.

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Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride is a reagent for transferring a dimethylcarbamoyl group to alcoholic or phenolic hydroxyl groups forming dimethyl carbamates, usually having pharmacological or pesticidal activities.

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Dishwasher detergent

Dishwasher detergent is a detergent made for washing dishes in a dishwasher.

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Dishwashing liquid

Dishwashing liquid (BrE: washing-up liquid), known as dishwashing soap, dish detergent and dish soap, is a detergent used to assist in dishwashing.

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Dombasle-sur-Meurthe

Dombasle-sur-Meurthe is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France, close to the city of Nancy.

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Drackett

The Drackett Company was a leading company in the specialty chemicals business during the 20th century, responsible for such products as Windex glass cleaner, Vanish toilet bowl cleaner, Drāno drain opener, Behold furniture polish, Endust dusting aid, Renuzit air freshener, Mr. Muscle oven cleaner, and Miracle White laundry products.

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Dried cherry

Dried cherries are a type of dried fruit.

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Dye

A dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied.

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Dylon

Dylon International is a British brand of textile dyes and other household chemicals.

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Dynamite

Dynamite is an explosive made of nitroglycerin, sorbents (such as powdered shells or clay) and stabilizers.

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E number

E numbers are codes for substances that are permitted to be used as food additives for use within the European Union and EFTA.

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Earwax

Earwax, also known by the medical term cerumen, is a gray, orange, or yellowish waxy substance secreted in the ear canal of humans and other mammals.

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Ebensee

Ebensee is a market town in the Traunviertel region of the Austrian state of Upper Austria, located within the Salzkammergut Mountains at the southern end of the Traunsee.

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Economy of Botswana

Since gaining independence, Botswana has been one of the world’s fastest growing economies,http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/botswana/overview averaging about 5% per annum over the past decade.

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Economy of Ethiopia

The economy of Ethiopia is a mixed and transition economy with a large public sector. The Ethiopian government is in the process of privatizing many of the state-owned businesses and moving toward a market economy. However, the banking, telecommunication and transportation sectors of the economy are dominated by government-owned companies. Ethiopia has one of the fastest-growing economies in the world and is Africa’s second most populous country. Many properties owned by the government during the previous regime have now been privatized and are in the process of privatization. However, certain sectors such as telecommunications, financial and insurance services, air and land transportation services, and retail, are considered as strategic sectors and are expected to remain under state control for the foreseeable future. Almost 50% of Ethiopia's population is under the age of 18, and even though education enrollment at primary and tertiary level has increased significantly, job creation has not caught up with the increased output from educational institutes. The country must create hundreds of thousands of jobs every year just to keep up with population growth. The Ethiopian constitution defines the right to own land as belonging only to "the state and the people", but citizens may only lease land (up to 99 years), and are unable to mortgage, sell, or own it. Various groups and political parties have sought for full privatization of land, while other opposition parties are against privatization and favor communal ownership. The current government has embarked on a program of economic reform, including privatization of state enterprises and rationalization of government regulation. While the process is still ongoing, the reforms have begun to attract much-needed foreign investment.

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Economy of Gujarat

The economy of Gujarat has significant agricultural as well as industrial production within India.

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Economy of Kenya

Kenya's economy is market-based with a few state-owned infrastructure enterprises and maintains a liberalised external trade system.

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Economy of Manchukuo

This article looks at the economies of Manchukuo and Mengjiang, in the period 1931-1945.

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Efflorescence

In chemistry, efflorescence (which means "to flower out" in French) is the migration of a salt to the surface of a porous material, where it forms a coating.

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Eigg

Eigg (italic) is one of the Small Isles, in the Scottish Inner Hebrides.

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El Caracol, Ecatepec

The Deposito de Evaporación Solar "El Caracol" (also known as El Caracol de Texcoco or "El Caracol de la Ciudad de México) is a large spiral-shaped retention basin located over the former lakebed of Lake Texcoco, northeast of Mexico City, in the municipio of Ecatepec de Morelos, Mexico.

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Electrolysis

In chemistry and manufacturing, electrolysis is a technique that uses a direct electric current (DC) to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction.

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Emi Koussi

Emi Koussi (also known as Emi Koussou) is a high pyroclastic shield volcano that lies at the southeast end of the Tibesti Mountains in the central Sahara of the northern Borkou Region of northern Chad.

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Environmental impact of the coal industry

The environmental impact of the coal industry includes issues such as land use, waste management, water and air pollution, caused by the coal mining, processing and the use of its products.

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Environmental movement

The environmental movement (sometimes referred to as the ecology movement), also including conservation and green politics, is a diverse scientific, social, and political movement for addressing environmental issues.

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Environmentalism

Environmentalism or environmental rights is a broad philosophy, ideology, and social movement regarding concerns for environmental protection and improvement of the health of the environment, particularly as the measure for this health seeks to incorporate the impact of changes to the environment on humans, animals, plants and non-living matter.

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Ernest Solvay

Ernest Gaston Joseph Solvay (16 April 1838 – 26 May 1922) was a Belgian chemist, industrialist and philanthropist.

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Ernst Gottfried Fischer

Ernst Gottfried Fischer (17 July 1754 – 27 January 1831) was a German chemist.

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Eti Soda

The Eti Soda Inc. is a chemical industry company in Ankara Province, Turkey producing natural soda ash and baking soda from trona.

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Fétizon oxidation

Fétizon oxidation is the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols utilizing the compound silver(I) carbonate absorbed onto the surface of celite also known as Fétizon's reagent first employed by Marcel Fétizon in 1968.

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FC Sodovik Sterlitamak

FC Sodovik Sterlitamak (ФК «Содовик» Стерлитамак) was a Russian association football club based in Sterlitamak.

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Feargus B. Squire

Feargus O'Conner Bowden Squire (February 12, 1850 – July 21, 1932), often referred to as F. B. Squire, was an executive with the Standard Oil Company and former mayor of Wickliffe, Ohio.

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Fermentation starter

A fermentation starter (called simply starter within the corresponding context, sometimes called a mother) is a preparation to assist the beginning of the fermentation process in preparation of various foods and fermented drinks.

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Ferranti Argus

Ferranti's Argus computers were a line of industrial control computers offered from the 1960s into the 1980s.

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Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore

The Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Limited or FACT Ltd, a fertiliser and chemical manufacturing company in Kochi, Kerala, India, was incorporated in 1943, by Maharajah Sree Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma.

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Fighting Island

Fighting Island is a island in the Detroit River, and is the largest Canadian island in the river.

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Finger Lakes Railway

The Finger Lakes Railway is a Class III railroad in the Finger Lakes region of New York.

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Fire extinguisher

A fire extinguisher is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires, often in emergency situations.

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Float glass

Float glass is a sheet of glass made by floating molten glass on a bed of molten metal, typically tin, although lead and various low melting point alloys were used in the past.

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Florantyrone

Florantyrone (INN; also known as Fluorantyrone) is a drug used in the treatment of biliary dyskinesia.

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Flux (metallurgy)

In metallurgy, a flux (derived from Latin fluxus meaning “flow”) is a chemical cleaning agent, flowing agent, or purifying agent.

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Fontenelle Dam

Fontenelle Dam was built between 1961 and 1964 on the Green River in southwestern Wyoming.

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Foreign relations of India

The Ministry of External Affairs of India (MEA), also known as the Foreign Ministry, is the government agency responsible for the conduct of foreign relations of India.

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Forest glass

Forest glass (Waldglas in German) is late medieval glass produced in northwestern and central Europe from approximately 1000–1700 AD using wood ash and sand as the main raw materials and made in factories known as glasshouses in forest areas.

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Frederick Field (chemist)

Frederick Field FRS FRSE FCS (2 August 1826 – 3 April 1885) was an English chemist.

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Fritware

Fritware, also known as stone-paste, is a type of pottery in which frit (ground glass) is added to clay to reduce its fusion temperature.

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Froth flotation

Froth flotation is a process for selectively separating hydrophobic materials from hydrophilic.

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Fruit salt

Fruit salt or fruit salts is a term for effervescent compounds made up of organic acids such as citric acid or tartaric acid and salts such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, or sodium bitartrate in combination with added flavoring and sugar.

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FS Class E.333

FS Class E.333 was a class of electric locomotives of the Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), powered by three-phase alternating current, which were in service from 1923 to 1968.

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FS Class E.431

The FS Class E.431 was a class of three-phase AC electric locomotives of the Italian State Railways (FS).

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FS Class E.432

FS Class E.432 was a class of three-phase electric locomotives of the Italian State Railways.

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Fucus

Fucus is a genus of brown algae found in the intertidal zones of rocky seashores almost throughout the world.

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GE U26C

The GE U26C diesel locomotive model was introduced by GE Transportation Systems in 1971.

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Geochemistry

Geochemistry is the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the Earth's crust and its oceans.

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Geography of Tibet

The geography of Tibet consists of the high mountains, lakes and rivers lying between Central, East and South Asia.

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Geology of Botswana

The geology of Botswana plays a significant part in the country’s economy.

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Geology of Chad

The terrain of Chad in central Africa is dominated by the low-lying Chad Basin (elevation about 250 m / 820 ft), which rises gradually to mountains and plateaus on the north, east, and south.

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Glass

Glass is a non-crystalline amorphous solid that is often transparent and has widespread practical, technological, and decorative usage in, for example, window panes, tableware, and optoelectronics.

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Glasswort

The common name glasswort came into use in the 16th century to describe plants growing in England whose ashes could be used for making soda-based (as opposed to potash-based) glass.

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Glossary of chemical formulas

This is a list of common chemical compounds with chemical formulas and CAS numbers, indexed by formula.

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Gossage

Gossage is a family name of soapmakers and alkali manufacturers.

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Grand Rapids Eastern Railroad

The Grand Rapids Eastern Railroad is a railroad in western Michigan, United States.

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Great Rift Valley

The Great Rift Valley is a name given to the continuous geographic trench, approximately in length, that runs from Lebanon's Beqaa Valley in Asia to Mozambique in Southeastern Africa.

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Green

Green is the color between blue and yellow on the visible spectrum.

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Green liquor

Green liquor is the dissolved smelt of sodium carbonate, sodium sulfide and other compounds from the recovery boiler in the kraft process.

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Green River (Colorado River tributary)

The Green River, located in the western United States, is the chief tributary of the Colorado River.

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Green River, Wyoming

Green River is a city in and the county seat of Sweetwater County, Wyoming, United States, in the southwestern part of the state.

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Green rust

Green rust is a generic name for various green crystalline chemical compounds containing iron(II) and iron(III) cations, the hydroxide anion, and another anion such as carbonate, chloride, or sulfate, in a layered double hydroxide structure.

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Gugh

Gugh (Keow, meaning "hedge banks") could be described as the sixth inhabited island of the Isles of Scilly, but is usually included with St Agnes with which it is joined by a sandy tombolo known as "The Bar" when exposed at low tide.

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Hair coloring

Hair coloring, or hair dyeing, is the practice of changing the hair color.

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Halogeton

Halogeton is a plant genus of the family Amaranthaceae.

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Haloterrigena turkmenica

Haloterrigena turkmenica is an aerobic chemo organotrophic archeon originally found in Turkish salt lakes.

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Hamilton Castner

Hamilton Young Castner (September 11, 1858 – October 11, 1899) was an American industrial chemist.

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Hans Peter Jørgen Julius Thomsen

Hans Peter Jørgen Julius Thomsen (16 February 1826 – 13 February 1909) was a Danish chemist noted in thermochemistry for the Thomsen–Berthelot principle.

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Hard water

Hard water is water that has high mineral content (in contrast with "soft water").

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Harris Tweed

Harris Tweed is a tweed cloth that is handwoven by islanders at their homes in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland, finished in the Outer Hebrides, and made from pure virgin wool dyed and spun in the Outer Hebrides.

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Hash oil

Hash oil is an oleoresin obtained by the extraction of cannabis or hashish.

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Hebron glass

Hebron Glass (زجاج الخليل, zajaj al-Khalili) refers to glass produced in Hebron as part of a flourishing art industry established in the city during Roman rule in Palestine.

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Hemiaminal

A hemiaminal (also carbinolamine) is a functional group or type of chemical compound that has a hydroxyl group and an amine attached to the same carbon atom: -C(OH)(NR2)-.

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Henkel

Henkel AG & Company, KGaA, is a German chemical and consumer goods company headquartered in Düsseldorf, Germany.

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Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau

Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau (20 July 1700, Paris13 August 1782, Paris), was a French physician, naval engineer and botanist.

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Henry Watkins Allen

Henry Watkins Allen (April 29, 1820April 22, 1866) was an American soldier and politician.

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Highland Potato Famine

The Highland Potato Famine (Gaiseadh a' bhuntàta) was a period of 19th century Highland and Scottish history (1846 to roughly 1856) over which the agricultural communities of the Hebrides and the western Gàidhealtachd (Scottish Highlands) saw their potato crop (upon which they had become over-reliant) repeatedly devastated by potato blight.

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History of aspirin

The history of aspirin (also known as acetylsalicylic acid or ASA) and the medical use of it and related substances stretches back to antiquity, though pure ASA has only been manufactured and marketed since 1899.

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History of Birmingham

Alternative meaning: Timeline of Birmingham, Alabama The history of Birmingham in England spans 1400 years of growth, during which time it has evolved from a small 7th century Anglo Saxon hamlet on the edge of the Forest of Arden at the fringe of early Mercia to become a major city through a combination of immigration, innovation and civic pride that helped to bring about major social and economic reforms and to create the Industrial Revolution, inspiring the growth of similar cities across the world.

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History of birth control

The history of birth control, also known as contraception and fertility control, refers to the methods or devices that have been historically used to prevent pregnancy.

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History of chemical engineering

Chemical engineering as a discipline that was developed out of those practising "industrial chemistry" in the late 19th century.

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History of chemistry

The history of chemistry represents a time span from ancient history to the present.

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History of Cheshire

The history of Cheshire can be traced back to the Hoxnian Interglacial, between 400,000 and 380,000 years BP.

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History of glass

The history of glass-making can be traced back to 3500 BC Asia in Mesopotamia.

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History of Northwich

The history of Northwich can be traced back to the Roman period.

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History of pharmacy

The history of pharmacy as an independent science dates back to the first third of the 19th century.

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HMS Holland 1

Holland 1 (or HM submarine Torpedo Boat No 1) was the first submarine commissioned by the Royal Navy, the first in a six-boat batch of the.

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Hou Debang

Hou Debang (9 August 1890 – 26 August 1974), also known as Hou Qirong (侯启荣), was a Chinese chemist and chemical engineer.

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Huemulite

Huemulite is a mineral with formula Na4Mg(V10O28)·24H2O that is yellow to orange in color.

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Huntite

Huntite is a carbonate mineral with the chemical formula Mg3Ca(CO3)4.

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Hydraulic fracturing

Hydraulic fracturing (also fracking, fraccing, frac'ing, hydrofracturing or hydrofracking) is a well stimulation technique in which rock is fractured by a pressurized liquid.

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Hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid is a colorless inorganic chemical system with the formula.

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Hydrogen chloride

The compound hydrogen chloride has the chemical formula and as such is a hydrogen halide.

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Hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula.

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Hydroxide

Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−.

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ICI Pakistan

ICI Pakistan Limited (Imperial Chemical Industries) is a Pakistani company which is based in Karachi, Pakistan.

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Idris Alooma

Idris Alooma (1580–1617) was Mai (king) of the Kanem-Bornu Empire, located mainly in Chad, Cameroon, Niger and Nigeria.

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Imperial Chemical Industries

Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) was a British chemical company and was, for much of its history, the largest manufacturer in Britain.

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Index of chemistry articles

Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem), meaning "earth") is the physical science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions.

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India–Kenya relations

India–Kenya relations are bilateral diplomatic relations between the Republic of India and the Republic of Kenya.

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Industrial porcelain enamel

Industrial porcelain enamel (also known as glass lining, glass-lined steel, or glass fused to steel) is the use of porcelain enamel (also known as vitreous enamel) for industrial, rather than artistic, applications.

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Industrial processes

Industrial processes are procedures involving chemical, physical, electrical or mechanical steps to aid in the manufacturing of an item or items, usually carried out on a very large scale.

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Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

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Inorganic chemistry

Inorganic chemistry deals with the synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds.

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Inorganic compounds by element

This is a list of common inorganic and organometallic compounds of each element.

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Instant coffee

Instant coffee, also called soluble coffee, coffee crystals, and coffee powder, is a beverage derived from brewed coffee beans that enables people to quickly prepare hot coffee by adding hot water to the powder or crystals and stirring.

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Instant noodle

Instant noodles are sold in a precooked and dried noodle block, with flavoring powder and/or seasoning oil.

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International Numbering System for Food Additives

The International Numbering System for Food Additives (INS) is a European-based naming system for food additives, aimed at providing a short designation of what may be a lengthy actual name.

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Invisible ink

Invisible ink, also known as security ink, is a substance used for writing, which is invisible either on application or soon thereafter, and can later be made visible by some means.

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Iodine

Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53.

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Irish in Syracuse, New York

Irish immigrants came to the area around Syracuse, New York between 1776 and 1910.

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Iron(II) carbonate

iron(II) carbonate, or ferrous carbonate, is a chemical compound with formula, that occurs naturally as the mineral siderite.

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Irvine Harbour

The harbours serving Irvine at Seagatefoot and Fullarton in North Ayrshire have had a long and complex history.

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Iznik pottery

Iznik pottery, or Iznik ware, named after the town of İznik in western Anatolia where it was made, is a decorated ceramic that was produced from the last quarter of the 15th century until the end of the 17th century.

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James Crossley Eno

James Crossley Eno (1820 – May 11, 1915) was a 19th century British pharmacist known for compounding and selling a brand of fruit salt that is still popular today as an antacid.

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James Muspratt

James Muspratt (12 August 1793 – 4 May 1886) was a British chemical manufacturer who was the first to make alkali by the Leblanc process on a large scale in the United Kingdom.

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James Thomas Humberstone

James Thomas Humberstone (8 July 1850 – 12 June 1939) was an English chemical engineer.

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Jay Polychem

Jay Polychem India Ltd is a Petrochemicals distribution company based in Delhi, India.

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Johann Florian Heller

Johann Florian Heller (4 May 1813 – 21 November 1871) was an Austrian chemist who was one of the founders of clinical chemistry.

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John Baptiste Ford

Captain John Baptiste Ford (November 17, 1811 – May 1, 1903) was an American industrialist and founder of the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, now known as PPG Industries, based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.

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John McClellan (chemist)

John McClellan (1810 – 14 May 1881) was a chemist and industrialist who established one of the first chemical factories in Widnes, Lancashire, England.

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Kala namak

Kala namak (Urdu / Hindi) or bire noon (Nepalese; literally "black salt") is a type of rock salt, a salty and pungent-smelling condiment used in South Asia.

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Kali turgidum

Kali turgidum (synonym Salsola kali subsp. kali), commonly known as prickly saltwort or prickly glasswort, is an annual plant that grows in salty sandy coastal soils.

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Kamfers Dam

Kamfers Dam is a privately owned permanent water body of 400 ha, situated to the immediate north of Kimberley, South Africa.

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Kanem–Bornu Empire

The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire that existed in modern Chad and Nigeria.

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Kazan Soda Elektrik

The Kazan Soda Elektik, full name Kazan Soda Elektrik Üretim A.Ş., is a chemical industry and electric energy company in Ankara Province, Turkey producing natural soda ash and baking soda from trona.

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Kelp

Kelps are large brown algae seaweeds that make up the order Laminariales.

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Kenya Fluorspar Company

Kenya Fluorspar Company (KFC) is a privately held mining company in Kenya.

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Khichu

Khichu or Khichiyu is a dough for making papad, however, owing to its taste it is also consumed as Farsan (snack/side dish).

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Kinloch Castle

Kinloch Castle (Caisteal Cheann Locha) is a late Victorian mansion located on the Isle of Rùm, one of the Small Isles off the west coast of Scotland.

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Kjeldahl method

The Kjeldahl method or Kjeldahl digestion in analytical chemistry is a method for the quantitative determination of nitrogen contained in organic substances plus the nitrogen contained in the inorganic compounds ammonia and ammonium (NH3/NH4+).

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Knoppers (sweet brand)

Knoppers is a brand of wafer sandwich filled with nougat and milk creme, produced by August Storck KG.

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Kraft process

The kraft process (also known as kraft pulping or sulfate process) is a process for conversion of wood into wood pulp, which consists of almost pure cellulose fibers, the main component of paper.

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Kutkai

Kutkai (ကွတ်ခိုင် kwat hkuing) is a town and seat of Kutkai Township, in the Shan State of eastern-central Burma.

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Lactylate

Lactylates are organic compounds that are FDA approved for use as food additives and cosmetic ingredients (i.e. lactylates are food grade emulsifiers).

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Lake Abert

Lake Abert (also known as Abert Lake) is a large, shallow, alkali lake in Lake County, Oregon, United States.

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Lake Abijatta

Lake Abijatta is an alkaline lake in Ethiopia.

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Lake Magadi

Lake Magadi is the southernmost lake in the Kenyan Rift Valley, lying in a catchment of faulted volcanic rocks, north of Tanzania's Lake Natron.

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Lake Natron

Lake Natron is a salt and soda lake in Arusha Region in northern Tanzania.

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Lake Van

Lake Van (Van Gölü, Վանա լիճ, Vana lič̣, Gola Wanê), the largest lake in Turkey, lies in the far east of that country in the provinces of Van and Bitlis.

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Lanthionine

Lanthionine is a nonproteinogenic amino acid with the chemical formula (HOOC-CH(NH2)-CH2-S-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH).

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Larsen & Toubro

Larsen & Toubro Limited, commonly known as L&T, is the largest Indian multi-national firm headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

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Laundry detergent

Laundry detergent, or washing powder, is a type of detergent (cleaning agent) that is added for cleaning laundry.

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Lead smelting

Plants for the production of lead are generally referred to as lead smelters.

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Leblanc process

The Leblanc process was an early industrial process for the production of soda ash (sodium carbonate) used throughout the 19th century, named after its inventor, Nicolas Leblanc.

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Levant Company

The Levant Company was an English chartered company formed in 1592.

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Liquid resistor

A liquid resistor is an electrical resistor in which the resistive element is a liquid.

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Liquid–liquid extraction

Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes, based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water (polar) and an organic solvent (non-polar).

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List of additives for hydraulic fracturing

The differences between additives for hydraulic fracturing in different countries are the type of chemicals used (hazardous, non-hazardous), the disclosure of chemicals and the composition of fracturing fluid.

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List of additives in cigarettes

This is the list of 599 additives in cigarettes submitted to the United States Department of Health and Human Services in April 1994.

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List of alchemical substances

Alchemical studies produced a number of substances, which were later classified as particular chemical compounds or mixtures of compounds.

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List of CAS numbers by chemical compound

This is a list of CAS numbers by chemical formulas and chemical compounds, indexed by formula.

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List of chemical element name etymologies

This is the list of etymologies for all chemical element names.

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List of chemical engineers

This is a list of notable chemical engineers, people who studied or practiced chemical engineering.

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List of civilian nuclear accidents

This article lists notable civilian accidents involving fissile nuclear material or nuclear reactors.

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List of commonly available chemicals

Many chemicals are commonly available in pure form.

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List of companies of Chad

Chad is a landlocked country in Central Africa.

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List of compounds with carbon number 1

This is a partial list of molecules that contain 1 carbon atom.

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List of food additives

;Acids: Food acids are added to make flavors "sharper", and also act as preservatives and antioxidants.

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List of inorganic compounds

Although most compounds are referred to by their IUPAC systematic names (following IUPAC nomenclature), "traditional" names have also been kept where they are in wide use or of significant historical interests.

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List of shipwrecks in 1862

The list of shipwrecks in 1862 includes any ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during 1862.

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List of words having different meanings in American and British English (M–Z)

This is the list of words having different meanings in British and American English: M–Z.

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Lithium aluminate

Lithium aluminate, also called lithium aluminium oxide, is an inorganic chemical compound, an aluminate of lithium.

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Lithium carbonate

No description.

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Llysfaen

Llysfaen is a village and community in Conwy County Borough overlooking the north coast of Wales, and situated on the hill Mynydd Marian.

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Losh, Wilson and Bell

Losh, Wilson and Bell, later Bells, Goodman, then Bells, Lightfoot and finally Bell Brothers, was a leading Northeast England manufacturing company, founded in 1809 by the partners William Losh, Thomas Wilson, and Thomas Bell.

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Lowthian Bell

Sir Isaac Lowthian Bell, 1st Baronet, FRS (18 February 1816 – 20 December 1904) was a Victorian ironmaster and Liberal Party politician from Washington, County Durham, in the north of England.

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Ludwig Mond

Ludwig Mond (7 March 1839 – 11 December 1909) was a German-born chemist and industrialist who took British nationality.

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Lye roll

Lye rolls are a baked specialty in Germany (especially in Bavaria and Swabia), Austria, and Switzerland.

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M.Ethirajulu (politician)

M.Ethirajulu (Tamil:எத்திராஜுலு) (19 September 1919 – 18 September 1970), was a senior politician from the Indian National Congress in Tamil Nadu, who was selected three times to be a member of the Madras Legislative Council.

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Macrocystis pyrifera

Macrocystis pyrifera, commonly known as giant kelp or giant bladder kelp, is a species of kelp (large brown algae), and one of four species in the genus Macrocystis.

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Macrotyloma uniflorum

Macrotyloma uniflorum (horse gram, kulthi bean, hurali, Madras gram) is one of the lesser known beans.

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Magadi Soda Company

The Magadi Soda Company manufactures soda ash at the Kenyan town of Magadi, which is in southwestern Kenya.

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Makgadikgadi Pan

The Makgadikgadi Pan (Botswana salt flats)(Tswana pronunciation), a salt pan situated in the middle of the dry savanna of north-eastern Botswana, is one of the largest salt flats in the world.

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Malonic acid

Malonic acid (IUPAC systematic name: propanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.

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Manganese(II) sulfate

Manganese(II) sulfate usually refers to the inorganic compound with the formula MnSO4·H2O.

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Marseille soap

Marseille soap or Savon de Marseille is a traditional hard soap made from vegetable oils that has been produced around Marseille, France, for about 600 years.

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Metalloid

A metalloid is any chemical element which has properties in between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them.

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Michele Fiore

Michele Ann Fiore (born July 29, 1970) is an American Republican politician who was elected in 2017 to the Las Vegas City Council from Ward 6.

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Middlewich Folk and Boat Festival

The Middlewich Folk and Boat Festival takes place in June in Middlewich, Cheshire, England.

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Mineral wagon

A mineral wagon or coal truck (British English) is a small open-topped railway goods wagon used in the United Kingdom and elsewhere to carry coal, ores and other mine products.

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Mineralizer

The purpose of a mineralizer is to facilitate the transport of insoluble “nutrient” to a seed crystal by means of a reversible chemical reaction.

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Mining in Argentina

Mining in Argentina is an important regional producer of minerals, including primary aluminum, lead, copper, zinc, silver, and gold.

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Mining in Ethiopia

Mining is important to the economy of Ethiopia as a diversification from agriculture.

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Mining industry of Botswana

The mineral industry of Botswana has dominated the national economy since the 1970s.

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Mining industry of Chad

The only mineral exploited in Chad was sodium carbonate, or natron.

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Ministry of Mining (Kenya)

The Ministry of Mining of the Republic of Kenya is a Kenyan government ministry that oversees the Mineral sector in the country.

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Mirror

A mirror is an object that reflects light in such a way that, for incident light in some range of wavelengths, the reflected light preserves many or most of the detailed physical characteristics of the original light, called specular reflection.

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Molten salt oxidation

Molten salt oxidation is a non-flame, thermal process that destroys all organic materials while simultaneously retaining inorganic and hazardous components in the melt.

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Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment

The Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) was an experimental molten salt reactor at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) researching this technology through the 1960s; constructed by 1964, it went critical in 1965 and was operated until 1969.

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Montvale Springs

Montvale Springs is a location in Blount County, Tennessee, United States, that was once the site of a fashionable resort hotel, and is now a summer camp.

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Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup

Mrs.

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Muck, Scotland

Muck (Eilean nam Muc) is the smallest of four main islands in the Small Isles, part of the Inner Hebrides of Scotland.

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Muvaffak

Abu Mansur Muvaffak Harawi (ابو منصور موفق هروی) was a 10th-century Persian physician.

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Mylanta

Mylanta is a brand of over-the-counter drugs for digestive problems, manufactured by Infirst Healthcare USA under license from McNeil Consumer Healthcare, a division of Johnson & Johnson (formerly Pfizer since 2007 following its acquisition).

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N-Hydroxyphthalimide

N-Hydroxyphthalimide is the N-hydroxy derivative of phthalimide.

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Namhung Youth Chemical Complex

The Namhŭng Youth Chemical Complex is a large industrial complex in Namhŭng-dong, Anju-si, South P'yŏngan province, North Korea, and is one of the most important chemical factories in the country, being a major producer of chemical products such as fertilisers, herbicides, insecticides, various industrial chemicals.

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National Airlines Flight 2511

National Airlines Flight 2511 was a domestic passenger flight from New York City, New York to Miami, Florida that exploded in midair on January 6, 1960.

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Natron

Natron is a naturally occurring mixture of sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na2CO3·10H2O, a kind of soda ash) and around 17% sodium bicarbonate (also called baking soda, NaHCO3) along with small quantities of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate.

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Natrona, Pennsylvania

Natrona is an unincorporated community in Harrison Township, Allegheny County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.

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New Cheshire Salt Works

The New Cheshire Salt Works Ltd was a salt manufacturer formerly located in Wincham, north east of Northwich in Cheshire, UK.

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Nickel(II) carbonate

Nickel(II) carbonate describes one or a mixture of inorganic compounds containing nickel and carbonate.

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Nicolas Leblanc

Nicolas Leblanc (6 December 1742 – 16 January 1806) was a French chemist and surgeon who discovered how to manufacture soda ash from common salt.

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Niter

Niter, or nitre (chiefly British), is the mineral form of potassium nitrate, KNO3, also known as saltpeter or saltpetre.

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Nitre (disambiguation)

Although, in modern usage, the word “nitre” (alternatively spelt “niter”) usually refers to the mineral form of potassium nitrate, it may also refer to a variety of other minerals and chemical compounds, including.

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Nitrile anion

Nitrile anions are nitriles lacking a proton at the position α to the nitrile group.

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Nitrite

The nitrite ion, which has the chemical formula, is a symmetric anion with equal N–O bond lengths.

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Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7.

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Nixtamalization

Nixtamalization typically refers to a process for the preparation of maize (corn), or other grain, in which the corn is soaked and cooked in an alkaline solution, usually limewater (but sometimes wood ash lye) washed, and then hulled.

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Nob End

Nob End is the site of a former waste tip which is now a Site of Special Scientific Interest and Local Nature Reserve near Little Lever and Kearsley, in Greater Manchester, England.

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North Ronaldsay sheep

The North Ronaldsay or Orkney is a breed of sheep from North Ronaldsay, the northernmost island of Orkney, off the north coast of Scotland.

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Northern Isles

The Northern Isles (Northren Isles; Na h-Eileanan a Tuath; Norðreyjar) are a pair of archipelagos off the north coast of mainland Scotland, comprising Orkney and Shetland.

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Northwich

Northwich is a town and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England.

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Nuckelavee

The nuckelavee or nuckalavee is a horse-like demon from Orcadian mythology that combines equine and human elements.

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Nuclear chemistry

Nuclear chemistry is the subfield of chemistry dealing with radioactivity, nuclear processes, such as nuclear transmutation, and nuclear properties.

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Occator (crater)

Occator is an impact crater located on Ceres that contains "Spot 5", the brightest of the bright spots observed by the Dawn spacecraft.

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Oil shale

Oil shale is an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds) from which liquid hydrocarbons, called shale oil (not to be confused with tight oil—crude oil occurring naturally in shales), can be produced.

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Ordos Desert

The Ordos Desert, also known as the Muu-us or Bad Water Desert,Donovan Webster.

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Orkney

Orkney (Orkneyjar), also known as the Orkney Islands, is an archipelago in the Northern Isles of Scotland, situated off the north coast of Great Britain.

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Osborne Power Station

The Osborne Power Station is located in Osborne, a northwestern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia.

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Owens Lake

Owens Lake is a mostly dry lake in the Owens Valley on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada in Inyo County, California.

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OxiClean

OxiClean is a line of household cleaners, including OxiClean Versatile Stain Remover, which is a laundry additive, spot stain remover, and household cleaner marketed by Church & Dwight.

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Oxyper

Oxyper is a Solvay coated and stabilised sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate (or sodium percarbonate) which combines the properties of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide.

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Paper chemicals

Paper chemicals designate a group of chemicals that modify the properties of paper.

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Penicillium digitatum

Penicillium digitatum (/ˌpɛnɪˈsɪlɪəm/digitatum/) is a mesophilic fungus found in the soil of citrus-producing areas.

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Penrice Soda Products

Penrice Soda Products was a company listed on the Australian Securities Exchange, named after its quarry near the small town of Penrice, South Australia.

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Penrice Stone Train

The Penrice Stone Train was a limestone train in South Australia that operated from the Penrice Quarry near Angaston on the Barossa Valley line to Penrice Soda Products' soda ash factory in Osborne in Adelaide's north-western suburbs, and the co-located Readymix concrete batching plant.

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Peroxide-based bleach

A peroxide-based bleach or simply peroxide bleach is any bleach product that is based on the peroxide chemical group, namely two oxygen atoms connected by a single bond, (–O–O–).

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Peroxycarbonate

In chemistry, peroxycarbonate (sometimes peroxocarbonate) is a divalent anion with formula.

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Petroleum ether

Petroleum ether is the petroleum fraction consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons and boiling in the range 35‒60 °C; commonly used as a laboratory solvent. Despite the name, petroleum ether is not classified as an ether; the term is used only figuratively, signifying extreme lightness and volatility.

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Pharmacy

Pharmacy is the science and technique of preparing and dispensing drugs.

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Phenol

Phenol, also known as phenolic acid, is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH.

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Phenols

In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (—OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group.

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Photographic developer

In the processing of photographic films, plates or papers, the photographic developer (or just developer) is one or more chemicals that convert the latent image to a visible image.

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Pickering, North Yorkshire

Pickering is an ancient market town and civil parish in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England, on the border of the North York Moors National Park.

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Picric acid

Picric acid is an organic compound with the formula (O2N)3C6H2OH.

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Plasterwork

Plasterwork refers to construction or ornamentation done with plaster, such as a layer of plaster on an interior or exterior wall structure, or plaster decorative moldings on ceilings or walls.

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Platinum on carbon

Platinum on carbon, often referred to as Pt/C, is a form of platinum used as a catalyst.

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Poirot's Early Cases

Poirot's Early Cases is a short story collection written by Agatha Christie and first published in the UK by Collins Crime Club in September 1974.

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Polyether ether ketone

Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a colourless organic thermoplastic polymer in the polyaryletherketone (PAEK) family, used in engineering applications.

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Polyethylene glycol

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a polyether compound with many applications from industrial manufacturing to medicine.

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Port of Longview

The Port of Longview is a deep-water port authority located in Longview, on the Columbia River in southwest Washington, United States.

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Port of Portland (Oregon)

The Port of Portland is the port district responsible for overseeing Portland International Airport, general aviation, and marine activities in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area in the United States, established in 1891 by the 16th Oregon Legislative Assembly.

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Potassium

Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number 19.

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Potassium carbonate

Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) is a white salt, which is soluble in water (insoluble in ethanol) and forms a strongly alkaline solution.

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Pretzel

A Pretzel (Breze(l)) is a type of baked bread product made from dough most commonly shaped into a twisted knot.

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Primary standard

A primary standard in metrology is a standard that is sufficiently accurate such that it is not calibrated by or subordinate to other standards.

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Production of antibiotics

Production of antibiotics is a naturally occurring event, that thanks to advances in science can now be replicated and improved upon in laboratory settings.

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Propionispira raffinosivorans

Propionispira raffinosivorans is a motile, obligate anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria.

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Pulp (paper)

Pulp is a lignocellulosic fibrous material prepared by chemically or mechanically separating cellulose fibres from wood, fiber crops, waste paper, or rags.

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Pulp mill

A pulp mill is a manufacturing facility that converts wood chips or other plant fibre source into a thick fibre board which can be shipped to a paper mill for further processing.

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Pyrotechnic colorant

A pyrotechnic colorant is a chemical compound which causes a flame to burn with a particular color.

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Pyrotechnic composition

A pyrotechnic composition is a substance or mixture of substances designed to produce an effect by heat, light, sound, gas/smoke or a combination of these, as a result of non-detonative self-sustaining exothermic chemical reactions.

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Quasicrystal

A quasiperiodic crystal, or quasicrystal, is a structure that is ordered but not periodic.

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Quinaldine red

Quinaldine red (pronounced, abbreviated QR) is a dark green–red or black solid that does not dissolve easily in water (it is partly miscible).

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Rail transport in South Australia

The first railway in colonial South Australia was a horse-drawn tramway from the port of Goolwa on the Murray River to an ocean harbour at Port Elliot in 1854.

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Ramen

is a Japanese dish.

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Rawmill

A rawmill is the equipment used to grind raw materials into "rawmix" during the manufacture of cement.

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Rùm

Rùm(), a Scottish Gaelic name often anglicised to Rum, is one of the Small Isles of the Inner Hebrides, in the district of Lochaber, Scotland.

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Reactions of nitrile anions

Nitrile anions are the conjugate bases of alkyl nitriles.

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Resazurin

Resazurin (7-Hydroxy-3H-phenoxazin-3-one 10-oxide) is a blue dye, itself weakly fluorescent until it is irreversibly reduced to the pink colored and highly red fluorescent resorufin.

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Residual sodium carbonate index

The residual sodium carbonate (RSC) index of irrigation water or soil water is used to indicate the alkalinity hazard for soil.

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Reversible reaction

A reversible reaction is a reaction where the reactants form products, which react together to give the reactants back.

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Rhodia (company)

Rhodia was a group specialized in fine chemistry, synthetic fibers and polymers which was acquired by the belgian Solvay group after a successful tender offer completed in September 2011.

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Rice paper

Rice paper is a product made of paper-like materials from East Asia made from different plants.

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Rocky Mountain Front

The Rocky Mountain Front is a somewhat unified geologic and ecosystem area in North America where the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains meet the plains.

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Roman glass

Roman glass objects have been recovered across the Roman Empire in domestic, industrial and funerary contexts.

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Room and pillar mining

Room and pillar (variant of breast stoping), also called pillar and stall, is a mining system in which the mined material is extracted across a horizontal plane, creating horizontal arrays of rooms and pillars.

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Rubidium carbonate

Rubidium carbonate, Rb2CO3, is a convenient compound of rubidium; it is stable, not particularly reactive, and readily soluble in water, and is the form in which rubidium is usually sold.

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Rust

Rust is an iron oxide, a usually red oxide formed by the redox reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of water or air moisture.

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Salicornia

Salicornia is a genus of succulent, halophyte (salt tolerant) flowering plants in the family Amaranthaceae that grow in salt marshes, on beaches, and among mangroves.

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Salicornia europaea

Salicornia europaea, known as common glasswort or just glasswort, is a halophytic annual dicot which grows in various zones of intertidal salt marshes.

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Salsola soda

Salsola soda, more commonly known in English as opposite-leaved saltwort, oppositeleaf Russian thistle, or barilla plant, is a small (to 0.7 m tall), annual, succulent shrub that is native to the Mediterranean Basin.

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Salsola stocksii

Salsola stocksii is a shrub species of the family Amaranthaceae.

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Salt (chemistry)

In chemistry, a salt is an ionic compound that can be formed by the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base.

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Salt glaze pottery

Salt-glaze or salt glaze pottery is pottery, usually stoneware, with a glaze of glossy, translucent and slightly orange-peel-like texture which was formed by throwing common salt into the kiln during the higher temperature part of the firing process.

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Salt industry in Syracuse, New York

The salt industry has a long history in and around Syracuse, New York.

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Salter Science

Salter Science was brand of science kits sold by Thomas Salter Ltd., a Scotland-based company which manufactured toys and science activity kits for children.

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Saltwort

Saltwort is a common name for various genera of flowering plants that thrive in salty environments, typically in coastal salt marshes and seashores, including: The ashes of these plants yield soda ash, which is an important ingredient for glassmaking and soapmaking.

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Sani Flush

Sani-Flush was a brand of crystal toilet bowl cleaner formerly produced by Reckitt Benckiser.

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Sankey Canal

The Sankey Canal in North West England connects St Helens to the River Mersey at Spike Island.

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Scheele's Green

Scheele's Green, also called Schloss Green, is chemically a cupric hydrogen arsenite (also called copper arsenite or acidic copper arsenite),.

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Science and technology in Venezuela

Science and technology in Venezuela includes research based on exploring Venezuela's diverse ecology and the lives of its indigenous peoples.

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Science in the medieval Islamic world

Science in the medieval Islamic world was the science developed and practised during the Islamic Golden Age under the Umayyads of Córdoba, the Abbadids of Seville, the Samanids, the Ziyarids, the Buyids in Persia, the Abbasid Caliphate and beyond, spanning the period c. 800 to 1250.

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Scrubber

Scrubber systems (e.g. chemical scrubbers, gas scrubbers) are a diverse group of air pollution control devices that can be used to remove some particulates and/or gases from industrial exhaust streams.

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Searles Lake

Searles Lake is an endorheic dry lake in the Searles Valley of the Mojave Desert, in northwestern San Bernardino County, California.

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Searles Valley Minerals

Searles Valley Minerals Inc. is a raw materials mining and production company based in Overland Park, Kansas.

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Sectional cooler

A sectional cooler is a rotary drum cooler used for continuous processes in chemical engineering.

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Selenium

Selenium is a chemical element with symbol Se and atomic number 34.

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Shapinsay

Shapinsay is one of the Orkney Islands off the north coast of mainland Scotland.

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Shellac

Shellac is a resin secreted by the female lac bug, on trees in the forests of India and Thailand.

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Sherbet (powder)

Sherbet is a fizzy powder sweet, usually eaten by dipping a lollipop or liquorice, or licking it on a finger.

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Shino ware

is Japanese pottery, usually stoneware, originally from Mino Province, in present-day Gifu Prefecture, Japan.

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Shoe polish

Shoe polish (or boot polish) is a waxy paste, cream, or liquid used to polish, shine, and waterproof leather shoes or boots to extend the footwear's life, and restore, maintain and improve their appearance.

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Shreyans Prasad Jain

Sahu Shreyans Prasad Jain (1908–1992) (also spelled as Shriyans Prasad Jain) was an Indian businessman, parliamentarian and a prominent member of the Jain community.

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Sillon industriel

The Sillon industriel ("industrial furrow") is the former industrial backbone of Belgium.

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Silver

Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (from the Latin argentum, derived from the Proto-Indo-European ''h₂erǵ'': "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47.

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Silver carbonate

Silver carbonate is the chemical compound with the formula Ag2CO3.

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Silvertown explosion

The Silvertown explosion occurred in Silvertown in West Ham, Essex (now part of the London Borough of Newham, in Greater London) on Friday, 19 January 1917 at 6.52 pm.

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Simon's reagent

Simon's reagent is used as a simple spot-test to presumptively identify alkaloids as well as other compounds.

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Sir John Brunner, 1st Baronet

Sir John Tomlinson Brunner, 1st Baronet, (8 February 1842 – 1 July 1919) was a British chemical industrialist and Liberal Party politician.

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Snus

Snus is a moist powder tobacco product originating from a variant of dry snuff in early 18th-century Sweden.

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Soda

Soda or SODA may refer to.

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Soda Industry Inc.

Soda Industry Inc. (Soda Sanayii A.Ş., also called Sodakrom) is a chemical company in Mersin, Turkey producing soda ash and chromium compounds mainly for the glass industry in its parent's group of companies.

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Soda lake

A soda lake or alkaline lake is a lake on the strongly alkaline side of neutrality, typically with a pH value between 9 and 12.

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Soda Lake (San Bernardino County)

Soda Lake (or Soda Dry Lake) is a dry lake at the terminus of the Mojave River in the Mojave Desert of San Bernardino County, California.

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Soda locomotive

Soda locomotives were a variant of fireless locomotives, in which steam was raised in a boiler, expanded through cylinders in the usual way, and then condensed in a tank of caustic soda that surrounded the boiler.

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Soda–lime glass

Soda–lime glass, also called soda–lime–silica glass, is the most prevalent type of glass, used for windowpanes and glass containers (bottles and jars) for beverages, food, and some commodity items.

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Sodic soil

Sodic soils are characterized by a disproportionately high concentration of sodium (Na) in their cation exchange complex.

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Sodium

Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.

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Sodium acetate

Sodium acetate, CH3COONa, also abbreviated NaOAc, is the sodium salt of acetic acid.

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Sodium arsenite

Sodium arsenite usually refers to the inorganic compound with the formula NaAsO2.

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Sodium bicarbonate

Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogen carbonate), commonly known as baking soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3.

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Sodium bismuth titanate

Sodium bismuth titanate or bismuth sodium titanium oxide (NBT or BNT) is a solid inorganic compound of sodium, bismuth, titanium and oxygen with the chemical formula of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 or Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3.

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Sodium bismuthate

Sodium bismuthate is the inorganic compound with the formula NaBiO3.

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Sodium bisulfite

Sodium bisulfite (or sodium bisulphite) (sodium hydrogen sulfite) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula NaHSO3.

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Sodium bromate

Sodium bromate, the inorganic compound with the chemical formula of NaBrO3, is the sodium salt of bromic acid.

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Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride, also known as salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions.

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Sodium cobalt oxide

Sodium cobalt oxide, also called sodium cobaltate, is any of a range of compounds of sodium, cobalt, and oxygen with the general formula for 0 Barbara Goss Levi (2003), "Intriguing Properties Put Sodium Cobalt Oxide in the Spotlight".

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Sodium cyanate

Sodium cyanate (NaOCN) is a white crystalline solid that adopts a body centered rhombohedral crystal lattice structure (trigonal crystal system) at room temperature.

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Sodium dichromate

Sodium dichromate is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2Cr2O7.

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Sodium dodecyl sulfate

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), synonymously sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), or sodium laurilsulfate, is a synthetic organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)11SO4 Na.

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Sodium fluoride

Sodium fluoride (NaF) is an inorganic compound with the formula NaF.

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Sodium formate

Sodium formate, HCOONa, is the sodium salt of formic acid, HCOOH.

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Sodium hexametaphosphate

Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is a hexamer of composition (NaPO3)6.

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Sodium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations and hydroxide anions. Sodium hydroxide is a highly caustic base and alkali that decomposes proteins at ordinary ambient temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns. It is highly soluble in water, and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the air. It forms a series of hydrates NaOH·n. The monohydrate NaOH· crystallizes from water solutions between 12.3 and 61.8 °C. The commercially available "sodium hydroxide" is often this monohydrate, and published data may refer to it instead of the anhydrous compound. As one of the simplest hydroxides, it is frequently utilized alongside neutral water and acidic hydrochloric acid to demonstrate the pH scale to chemistry students. Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries: in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps and detergents, and as a drain cleaner. Worldwide production in 2004 was approximately 60 million tonnes, while demand was 51 million tonnes.

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Sodium hypochlorite

No description.

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Sodium hyponitrite

Sodium hyponitrite is a solid ionic compound with formula or22−.

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Sodium iodate

Sodium iodate (NaIO3) is the sodium salt of iodic acid.

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Sodium metaborate

Sodium metaborate (NaBO2) is a colorless solid chemical compound.

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Sodium nitrate

Sodium nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula NaNO3.

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Sodium nitroprusside

Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), sold under the brand name Nitropress among others, is a medication used to lower blood pressure.

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Sodium oxalate

Sodium oxalate, or disodium oxalate, is the sodium salt of oxalic acid with the formula Na2C2O4.

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Sodium oxide

Sodium oxide is a chemical compound with the formula Na2O.

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Sodium percarbonate

Sodium percarbonate is a chemical substance with formula.

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Sodium propionate

Sodium propanoate or sodium propionate is the sodium salt of propionic acid which has the chemical formula Na(C2H5COO).

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Sodium salts

Sodium salts are salts composed of sodium cations and the conjugate base anions of some inorganic or organic acid.

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Sodium sesquicarbonate

Sodium sesquicarbonate (Systematic name trisodium hydrogendicarbonate) Na3H(CO3)2 is a double salt of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate, and has a needle-like crystal structure.

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Sodium silicate

Sodium silicate is a generic name for chemical compounds with the formula or ·, such as sodium metasilicate, sodium orthosilicate, and sodium pyrosilicate.

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Sodium stannate

Sodium stannate, formally sodium hexahydroxostannate(IV), is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2.

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Sodium stearoyl lactylate

Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (sodium stearoyl lactylate or SSL) is a versatile, FDA approved food additive used to improve the mix tolerance and volume of processed foods.

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Sodium sulfate

Sodium sulfate, also known as sulfate of soda, is the inorganic compound with formula Na2SO4 as well as several related hydrates.

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Sodium sulfide

Sodium sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula Na2S, or more commonly its hydrate Na2S·9H2O.

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Sodium tellurite

Sodium tellurite is an inorganic tellurium compound with formula Na2TeO3.

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Sodium tetrafluoroborate

Sodium tetrafluoroborate is an inorganic compound with formula NaBF4.

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Sodium tungstate

Sodium tungstate is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2WO4.

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Solar power in India

Solar power in India is a fast developing industry.

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Solubility chart

A solubility chart is a chart with a list of ions and how, when mixed with other ions, they can become precipitates or remain aqueous.

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Solubility table

The table below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at 1 atmosphere pressure.

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Solvay process

The Solvay process or ammonia-soda process is the major industrial process for the production of sodium carbonate (soda ash, Na2CO3).

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Solvay Process Company

The Solvay Process Company (1880–1985) was a pioneer chemical industry of the United States in the manufacture of soda ash and a major employer in Central New York.

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Solvay S.A.

Solvay S.A. is a Belgian chemical company founded in 1863, with its head office in Neder-Over-Heembeek, Brussels, Belgium.

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Solvay, New York

Solvay is a village located in Onondaga County, New York, and a suburb of the city of Syracuse.

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South Uist

South Uist (Uibhist a Deas) is the second-largest island of the Outer Hebrides in Scotland.

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Sowa, Botswana

Sowa is a town which lies in the Central District of Botswana, but constitutes a separate administrative district.

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Spectator ion

A spectator ion is an ion that exists as a reactant and a product in a chemical equation.

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Spent shale

Spent shale or spent oil shale (also known as retorted shale) is a solid residue from the shale oil extraction process of producing synthetic shale oil from oil shale.

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Spic and Span

Spic and Span is a major U.S. brand of all-purpose household cleaner.

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Spodumene

Spodumene is a pyroxene mineral consisting of lithium aluminium inosilicate, LiAl(SiO3)2, and is a source of lithium.

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Spring (hydrology)

A spring is any natural situation where water flows from an aquifer to the Earth's surface.

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SS Graigaur

Graigaur was a cargo ship that was built in 1941 by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland, United Kingdom as the CAM ship Empire Foam for the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT).

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St Kilda, South Australia

St Kilda is a seaside suburb in Adelaide, South Australia.

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Stained glass

The term stained glass can refer to coloured glass as a material or to works created from it.

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Standard enthalpy of formation

The standard enthalpy of formation or standard heat of formation of a compound is the change of enthalpy during the formation of 1 mole of the substance from its constituent elements, with all substances in their standard states.

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Standard Gibbs free energy of formation

The standard Gibbs free energy of formation of a compound is the change of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 bar of pressure and the specified temperature, usually 298.15 K or 25 °C).

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Starch

Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds.

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Statue of Ludwig Mond

The Statue of Ludwig Mond stands outside the entrance to Mond House in Brunner Mond Works, Winnington, Cheshire, England.

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Statue of Sir John Tomlinson Brunner

The Statue of Sir John Tomlinson Brunner stands outside the entrance to Mond House in Brunner Mond Works, Winnington, Cheshire, England.

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Styphnic acid

Styphnic acid (from Greek stryphnos "astringent"), or 2,4,6-trinitro-1,3-benzenediol, is a yellow astringent acid that forms hexagonal crystals.

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Sua Pan

The Sua Pan or Sowa Pan is a large natural topographic depression within the Makgadikgadi region of Botswana.

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Sua Pan Airport

Sua Pan Airport or Sowa Airport is an airport west of Sowa, a town in the Central District of Botswana.

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Suaeda fruticosa

Suaeda fruticosa, commonly known as shrubby seablight, is a species of plant in the family Amaranthaceae (formerly classified under the Chenopodiaceae).

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Sugar beet

A sugar beet is a plant whose root contains a high concentration of sucrose and which is grown commercially for sugar production.

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Sugar soap

Sugar soap, as typically found in Commonwealth countries, is a cleaning material of variable composition sold for use on surfaces affected by greasy or tarry deposits which are not easily removed with routine domestic cleaning materials.

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Superior multimineral process

The Superior multimineral process (also known as the McDowell–Wellman process or circular grate process) is an above ground shale oil extraction technology designed for production of shale oil, a type of synthetic crude oil.

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Sutrapada

Sutrapada is a city and a municipality in Gir Somnath district in the Indian state of Gujarat.

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Swarovski

Swarovski is an Austrian producer of lead glass (commonly called crystal) headquartered in Wattens, Austria.

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Taean Friendship Glass Factory

The Taean Friendship Glass Factory, located in Choje-ri, Taean-guyŏk, Namp'o, North Korea, is a factory producing plate glass and other glass products.

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Tata Chemicals

Tata Chemicals Limited (TCL) is an Indian global company with interests in chemicals, crop nutrition and consumer products headquartered in Mumbai, India.

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Tata Chemicals Europe

Tata Chemicals Europe (formerly Brunner Mond (UK) Limited) is a UK-based chemicals company that is a subsidiary of Tata Chemicals Limited, itself a part of the India-based Tata Group.

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Tata Group

Tata Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate holding company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

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Teän

Teän (sometimes written Tean without the diaeresis) is an uninhabited island to the north of the Isles of Scilly archipelago between Tresco, to the west and St Martin's to the east.

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Technological and industrial history of China

The technological and industrial history of China is extremely varied, and extensive.

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Tellurium

Tellurium is a chemical element with symbol Te and atomic number 52.

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Tequesquite

Tequesquite or tequexquite (from Nahuatl tequixquitl) is a natural mineral salt containing compounds of sodium chlorate, sodium carbonate, and sodium sulphate, used in Mexico since pre-Hispanic times mainly as a food seasoning.

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Tetramethylurea

Tetramethylurea is a aprotic-polar solvent for organic compounds, especially for aromatic compounds and is used e. g. for Grignard reagents.

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Tetrasodium pyrophosphate

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, also called sodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium phosphate or TSPP, is a colorless transparent crystalline chemical compound with the formula Na4P2O7.

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Textile manufacturing

Textile manufacturing is a major industry.

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Thermonatrite

Thermonatrite is a naturally occurring evaporite mineral form of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3·H2O.

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Thomas Alcock (surgeon)

Thomas Alcock (1784 – 21 August 1833) was an English surgeon.

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Thomas Snape

Thomas Snape (1835 – 9 August 1912) was a British industrialist and Liberal politician.

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Thylakoid

A thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria.

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Tibesti Mountains

The Tibesti Mountains are a mountain range in the central Sahara, primarily located in the extreme north of Chad, with a small extension into southern Libya.

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Tibet Autonomous Region

The Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) or Xizang Autonomous Region, called Tibet or Xizang for short, is a province-level autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Tie-dye

Tie-dye is a modern term invented in the mid-1960s in the United States (but recorded in writing in an earlier form in 1941 as "tied-and-dyed", and 1909 as "tied and dyed" by Charles E. Pellew, referenced below) for a set of ancient resist-dyeing techniques, and for the products of these processes.

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Timeline of chemical element discoveries

The discovery of the 118 chemical elements known to exist today is presented here in chronological order.

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Timeline of Cheshire history

The timeline of Cheshire history shows significant events in the history of the English county of Cheshire.

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Tipperary Hill

Tipperary Hill, also known as Tipp Hill, is a district in the city of Syracuse, New York, largely settled by immigrants from Ireland, especially from County Tipperary.

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Titration

Titration, also known as titrimetry, is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis that is used to determine the concentration of an identified analyte.

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Tobermory distillery

Tobermory distillery is a Scotch whisky distillery situated on the Hebridean island of Mull, Scotland in the village of Tobermory.

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Toilet rim block

A toilet rim block is a block-shaped substance used in flush toilets which slowly dissolves in water.

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Tokuyama Corporation

is a Japanese, Tokyo-based chemical company and the worlds fourth largest silicon manufacturer.

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Triazene

Triazene, also known as triazanylene, is an unsaturated inorganic compound having the chemical formula N3H3.

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Trifluoroperacetic acid

Trifluoroperacetic acid (trifluoroperoxyacetic acid, TFPAA) is the peroxy acid analog of trifluoroacetic acid and has the condensed structural formula.

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Trisodium phosphate

Trisodium phosphate (TSP) is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na3PO4.

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Trivial name

In chemistry, a trivial name is a nonsystematic name for a chemical substance.

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Trona

Trona (trisodium hydrogendicarbonate dihydrate, also sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate, Na2CO3•NaHCO3•2H2O) is a non-marine evaporite mineral.

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Trona Railway

The Trona Railway is a short-line railroad owned by Searles Valley Minerals.

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Trou au Natron

Trou au Natron (French: "hole of natron") or Doon Orei (Teda: "big hole") is a volcanic caldera of the Tibesti Massif in the nation of Chad in Northern Africa.

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Tungsten carbide

Tungsten carbide (chemical formula: WC) is a chemical compound (specifically, a carbide) containing equal parts of tungsten and carbon atoms.

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Turgay Ciner

Turgay Ciner (born 1956) is a Turkish businessman and billionaire.

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Ultramarine

Ultramarine is a deep blue color and a pigment which was originally made by grinding lapis lazuli into a powder.

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Ulva

Ulva (Ulbha) is an island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull.

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United Alkali Company

United Alkali Company Limited was a British chemical company formed in 1890, employing the Leblanc process to produce soda ash for the glass, textile, soap, and paper industries.

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Urostealith

Urostealith is a fatty or resinous substance identified by the Austrian chemist J. F. Heller in 1845 as the main constituent of some bladder stones.

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USS James L. Davis (1861)

USS James L. Davis (1861) was a bark acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War.

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Vanadinite

Vanadinite is a mineral belonging to the apatite group of phosphates, with the chemical formula Pb5(VO4)3Cl.

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Vanadium

Vanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23.

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Vanadium(V) oxide

Vanadium(V) oxide (vanadia) is the inorganic compound with the formula V2O5.

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Vitrification

Vitrification (from Latin vitreum, "glass" via French vitrifier) is the transformation of a substance into a glass, that is to say a non-crystalline amorphous solid.

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Vitrified sand

Vitrified sand is sand that has been heated to a high enough temperature as to partly melt the silicon dioxide or quartz that is the main ingredient of common sand.

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Waldemar Jungner

Ernst Waldemar Jungner (June 19, 1869 – August 30, 1924) was a Swedish inventor and engineer.

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Wallonia

Wallonia (Wallonie, Wallonie(n), Wallonië, Walonreye, Wallounien) is a region of Belgium.

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Water purification

Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from water.

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Weathering

Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soil, and minerals as well as wood and artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, water, and biological organisms.

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Wender Taxol total synthesis

The Wender Taxol total synthesis in organic chemistry describes a Taxol total synthesis (one of six to date) by the group of Paul Wender at Stanford University published in 1997.

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White liquor

White liquor is a strongly alkaline solution mainly of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide.

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White Plains, Nevada

White Plains is an extinct town in Churchill County, in the U.S. state of Nevada.

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Wildlife of Libya

The wildlife of Libya is spread over the Mediterranean coastline and encompasses large areas of the Saharan desert.

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Wilhoit Springs

Wilhoit Springs is a county park located in Clackamas County, Oregon, deep in the foothills of the Cascade Mountains, roughly 8 miles southeast of Molalla.

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William Brockedon

William Brockedon (13 October 1787 – 29 August 1854) was a 19th-century English painter, writer and inventor.

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William Gossage

William Gossage (12 May 1799 – 9 April 1877) was a chemical manufacturer who established a soap making business in Widnes, Lancashire, England.

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Winnington Laboratory

The Winnington Laboratory was a former chemical laboratory in Cheshire.

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Wolff rearrangement

The Wolff rearrangement is a reaction in organic chemistry in which an α-diazocarbonyl compound is converted into a ketene by loss of dinitrogen with accompanying 1,2-rearrangement.

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Wood preservation

All measures that are taken to ensure a long life of wood fall under the definition wood preservation (timber treatment).

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Wood River Junction, Rhode Island

Wood River Junction is a small village in the town of Richmond, Rhode Island in the United States.

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Wyandotte Terminal Railroad

Wyandotte Terminal Railroad was incorporated in the State of Michigan, United States of America, on September 14, 1904.

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Wyandotte, Michigan

Wyandotte is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan.

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Zektzerite

The mineral zektzerite is a member of the tuhualite group and was first found in 1966 by Seattle mineralogist Benjamin Bartlett "Bart" Cannon.

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Zinc chloride

Zinc chloride is the name of chemical compounds with the formula ZnCl2 and its hydrates.

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Zinc nitrate

Zinc nitrate is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula Zn(NO3)2.

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1791 in science

The year 1791 in science and technology involved some significant events.

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1861 in science

The year 1861 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

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2016 in science

A number of significant scientific events occurred in 2016.

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3,9-Diethylidene-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro(5.5)undecane

3,9-Diethylidene-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiroundecane (DETOSU) is a bicyclic ketene acetal derived from the isomeric allyl acetal 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiroundecane (DVTOSU).

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3-Phenylazoacetylacetone

3-Phenylazoacetylacetone (or phenyl-azo-acetylaceton) is a chemical compound used as an intermediate in the preparation of biologically active compounds, chelating agents, and dyes.

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Redirects here:

Anhydrous sodium carbonate, CNa2O3, Calcined soda, Crystal carbonate, E500i, Fossil alkali, Kelping, Metahydrate sodium carbonate, Na2CO2, Na2CO3, Na2co3, Natrium carbonate, Sal soda, Soda (sodium carbonate), Soda Ash, Soda ash, Soda crystals, Sodium Carbonate, Washing soda.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_carbonate

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