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Sterilization (microbiology)

Index Sterilization (microbiology)

Sterilization (or sterilisation) refers to any process that eliminates, removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life and other biological agents (such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, spore forms, prions, unicellular eukaryotic organisms such as Plasmodium, etc.) present in a specified region, such as a surface, a volume of fluid, medication, or in a compound such as biological culture media. [1]

317 relations: Abu Dhabi Medical Congress, Agar plate, Air purifier, Air sanitizer, Air-laid paper, Airline meal, Alcon, Andean condor, Angus Wallace, Antimicrobial copper-alloy touch surfaces, Asepsis, Aseptic processing, Assassination of James A. Garfield, Atropa belladonna, Autoclave, Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis, Autopsy, Axenic, Baby bottle, Bacteria, Bali Mandara Eye Hospital, Band-Aid, Batch oven, Beehive, Benco Dental, Bernoulli grip, Biodegradable polymer, Bioindicator, Biomanufacturing, Biomaterial Surface Modifications, Biomedical equipment technician, Biomedical waste, Biosensor, Blood donation, Blood donation in England, Blow fill seal, Body piercing, Body piercing materials, Boiling, Bone ash, Borscht, Bottled water, Bottled water in the United States, Bovine immunodeficiency virus, Breast milk, Breed method, Brewing, Brining, Brit milah, Bromomethane, ..., Bunsen burner, C. Olin Ball, Caesium, Calculating God, Canned fish, Canning, Cantharellus, Carbon dioxide cleaning, Carcinogen, Cathode ray, Central sterile services department, Chametz, Changeover, Chemical sterilisation, Chest tube, Cleaning, Cleanroom, Close coupled field technology, Clostridium sporogenes, Clothing, Cobalt-60, Colonoscopy, Controlled burn, Cooking, Coors Brewing Company, Cork taint, Cream, Curt Schimmelbusch, Cut flowers, Cystoscopy, D-value (microbiology), Dave Line, Deactivation, Decontamination, Deficiency of the interleukin-1–receptor antagonist, Dental assistant, Dental dam, Diaphragm valve, Dielectric barrier discharge, Dielectric heating, Diffuse lamellar keratitis, Dildo, Disinfectant, Disk diffusion test, Djediufankh, DNA profiling, Dressing (medical), Dry heat sterilization, Durham tube, Dynamitron, Earle H Spaulding, Ebola virus disease, Edgar Crookshank, Electric track vehicle system, Electron, Electron-beam processing, Ellis Island, Epoxidized soybean oil, Ernst Moro, Ernst von Bergmann, Esculeoside A, Evan O'Neill Kane, Evaporated milk, ExoMars, Extinction, Eye injury, First aid kit, Fomite, Food and biological process engineering, Food irradiation, Food preservation, Food technology, Forceps, Fowler's Vacola, Fusarium circinatum, G-arm medical imaging, Gauze sponge, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Getinge Group, Glossary of winemaking terms, Glutaraldehyde, Ground meat, Gulf Hamstery, Halogen, Harm reduction, Healing of periapical lesions, Heat torch, Herbaspirillum hiltneri, Heroin, History of nursing in the United Kingdom, History of surgery, History of wound care, Hospital-acquired infection, Hot air oven, Hurdle technology, Hydration system, Hygiene, Incision and drainage, Indian dairy products, Individually ventilated cage, Infant ear piercing, Infinity Fluids, Infusion pump, Inoculation loop, Instruments used in general medicine, International Down and Feather Testing Laboratory, Irradiation, Jacob Moritz Blumberg, James Dinwiddie, James Lovelock, Jar, Jatene procedure, John Glasgow Kerr, Joseph Lister, Kilner jar, Kirschner wire, Laboratory centrifuge, Laboratory oven, Lake Ellsworth (Antarctica), Lake Vostok, Lawson Tait, Lift table bellows, Light-emitting diode, List of cooking techniques, List of instruments used in microbiological sterilization and disinfection, List of MeSH codes (G03), List of recently extinct mammals, Lo Kwee-seong, Lost World Caverns, Lubbock Lake Landmark, Lyodura, María Teresa Ferrari, Marburg virus disease, Marmarabirlik, Mars Exploration Rover, Mary Jane Haake, Mason jar, Mass Effect 2, Mayo scissors, Médecins Sans Frontières, MedAccred, Media dispenser, Medisafe International, Microwave volumetric heating, Miliaria, Mixed oxidant, Mlekara Subotica, Moabit, Moist heat sterilization, Moon landing, Multi-seat valve, Nail file, Natural pool, Ndut initiation rite, Needle-through-arm, Neonatal infection, Neonatal meningitis, New York City agar, Niacin test, Northeastern University, Nuclear technology, Operating microscope, Operating theater, Opioid use disorder, Outline of agriculture, Ozone, Pascalization, Pasteurization, Pathogenic bacteria, Peristaltic pump, Peritonitis, Petri dish, PF Tek, Phosphorylcholine, Photocatalysis, Phytophthora ramorum, Phytoplankton, Pickling, Plasma medicine, Play piercing, Polyaryletherketone, Portable water purification, Pressure cooking, Prison tattooing, Protosteloid, Psychosis, Puna Geothermal Venture, Quiberon, Quiberon Bay, Radappertization, Radioactive source, Radionuclide, Retort pouch, Rochester Top 100, Rosetta (spacecraft), S. M. Jaleel and Company, Safety syringe, Saline (medicine), Scrubs (clothing), Severe combined immunodeficiency, Shelf-stable food, Single Use Medical Device Reprocessing, Slime layer, Sodium dichloroisocyanurate, Soil steam sterilization, Sowing, Steam, Steam infusion, Sterilant gas monitoring, Sterility, Sterility assurance level, Sterilization, Super Optimal Broth, Superheated steam, Surgery, Surgical suture, Surgical technologist, Survival skills, Synergy Health, Synthetic biodegradable polymer, Syringe, Tattoo, Terrarium, Tersicoccus phoenicis, Tetrahydropalmatine, The Bagthorpe Saga, The Colony (U.S. season 1), The First Sex, The Pyramid at the End of the World, Thermal analysis, Toothache, Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, Tray, Trocken, Tube cleaning, Tyndallization, Ultra-high-temperature processing, Ultraviolet, Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, University of Massachusetts Amherst Department of Food Science, Urine, Uterine microbiome, Vacutainer, Venus, Vertical form fill sealing machine, Viking program, Waldemar Haffkine, Walter Johnsen, Wang Keqin, Waste converter, Watch glass, Water chlorination, Water for injection, Water purification, Weck jar, Weird Years, Werner Zoege von Manteuffel, William Duff (dentist), William Macewen, Winemaking, X-ray generator, Xenon arc lamp, Yili Group, Z-value (temperature), 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropane, 1892 in science, 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole. Expand index (267 more) »

Abu Dhabi Medical Congress

Abu Dhabi Medical Congress, popularly known as Abu Dhabi Med, is a medical healthcare exhibition and conference held annually at Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

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Agar plate

An agar plate is a Petri dish that contains a solid growth medium, typically agar plus nutrients, used to culture small organisms such as microorganisms.

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Air purifier

An air purifier or air cleaner is a device which removes contaminants from the air in a room.

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Air sanitizer

An air sanitizer is a sanitizer that acts on airborne microbiological organisms or microorganisms.

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Air-laid paper

Air-laid paper is a textile-like material categorized as a nonwoven fabric made from fluff pulp.

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Airline meal

An airline meal, airline food, plane food or in-flight meal is a meal served to passengers on board a commercial airliner.

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Alcon

Alcon is an American global medical company specializing in eye care products and headquartered in Hünenberg, Switzerland.

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Andean condor

The Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) is a South American bird in the New World vulture family Cathartidae and is the only member of the genus Vultur.

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Angus Wallace

William Angus Wallace (born 31 October 1948) is a British orthopaedic surgeon.

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Antimicrobial copper-alloy touch surfaces

Antimicrobial copper-alloy touch surfaces can prevent frequently touched surfaces from serving as reservoirs for the spread of pathogenic microbes.

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Asepsis

Asepsis is the state of being free from disease-causing micro-organisms (such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses, pathogenic fungi, and parasites).

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Aseptic processing

Aseptic processing is a processing technique wherein commercially thermally sterilized liquid products (typically food or pharmaceutical) are packaged into previously sterilized containers under sterile conditions to produce shelf-stable products that do not need refrigeration.

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Assassination of James A. Garfield

The assassination of James A. Garfield, the 20th President of the United States, began when he was shot at 9:30 am on July 2, 1881, less than four months into his term as President, and ended in his death 79 days later on September 19, 1881.

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Atropa belladonna

Atropa belladonna, commonly known as belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae, which includes tomatoes, potatoes, and aubergine.

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Autoclave

An autoclave is a pressure chamber used to carry out industrial processes requiring elevated temperature and pressure different from ambient air pressure.

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Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis

Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) is a trade mark owned by Geistlich Pharma, and relates only to the use of their product.

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Autopsy

An autopsy (post-mortem examination, obduction, necropsy, or autopsia cadaverum) is a highly specialized surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the cause and manner of death or to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present for research or educational purposes.

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Axenic

In biology, axenic describes the state of a culture in which only a single species, variety, or strain of organism is present and entirely free of all other contaminating organisms.

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Baby bottle

A baby bottle, or nursing bottle, or feeding bottle, is a bottle with a teat (also called a nipple in the US) to drink directly from.

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Bacteria

Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.

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Bali Mandara Eye Hospital

The Bali Mandara Eye Hospital (Rumah Sakit Mata Bali Mandara, until 2013 Australia Bali Memorial Eye Centre or ABMEC) is an ophthalmology clinic and day surgery centre in Indonesia, built in memory of the 2002 Bali bombings.

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Band-Aid

Band-Aid is a brand name of American pharmaceutical and medical devices giant Johnson & Johnson's line of adhesive bandages.

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Batch oven

Batch ovens are a type of furnace used for thermal processing.

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Beehive

A beehive is an enclosed structure man-made in which some honey bee species of the subgenus Apis live and raise their young.

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Benco Dental

Benco Dental is an American dental product and equipment distributor based in Pittston, Pennsylvania.

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Bernoulli grip

A Bernoulli grip uses airflow to adhere to an object without physical contact.

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Biodegradable polymer

Biodegradable polymers are a specific type of polymer that breaks down after its intended purpose to result in natural byproducts such as gases (CO2, N2), water, biomass, and inorganic salts. These polymers are found both naturally and synthetically made, and largely consist of ester, amide, and ether functional groups. Their properties and breakdown mechanism are determined by their exact structure. These polymers are often synthesized by condensation reactions, ring opening polymerization, and metal catalysts. There are vast examples and applications of biodegradable polymers. Bio-based packaging materials have been introduced as a green alternative in the past decades, among which, edible films have gained more attention due to their environmentally-friendly characteristics, vast variety and availability, non-toxicity, and low cost.

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Bioindicator

A bioindicator is any species (an indicator species) or group of species whose function, population, or status can reveal the qualitative status of the environment.

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Biomanufacturing

Biomanufacturing is a type of manufacturing or biotechnology that utilizes biological systems to produce commercially important biomaterials and biomolecules for use in medicines, food and beverage processing, and industrial applications.

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Biomaterial Surface Modifications

Biomaterials exhibit various degrees of compatibility with the harsh environment within a living organism.

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Biomedical equipment technician

A biomedical engineering/equipment technician/technologist (BMET) or biomedical engineering/equipment specialist (BES or BMES) is typically an electro-mechanical technician or technologist who ensures that medical equipment is well-maintained, properly configured, and safely functional.

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Biomedical waste

Biomedical waste is any kind of waste containing infectious (or potentially infectious) materials.

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Biosensor

A biosensor is an analytical device, used for the detection of an analyte, that combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector.

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Blood donation

A blood donation occurs when a person voluntarily has blood drawn and used for transfusions and/or made into biopharmaceutical medications by a process called fractionation (separation of whole-blood components).

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Blood donation in England

In England, blood and other tissues are collected by NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), which also processes and supplies blood products to hospitals in the country through the Bio Products Laboratory.

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Blow fill seal

Blow-Fill-Seal (BFS) technology is a manufacturing technique used to produce small, (0.1mL) and large volume, (500mL +) liquid-filled containers.

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Body piercing

Body piercing, a form of body modification, is the practice of puncturing or cutting a part of the human body, creating an opening in which jewelry may be worn.

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Body piercing materials

In modern Western body piercing, a wide variety of materials are used.

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Boiling

Boiling is the rapid vaporization of a liquid, which occurs when a liquid is heated to its boiling point, the temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid is equal to the pressure exerted on the liquid by the surrounding atmosphere.

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Bone ash

Bone ash is a white material produced by the calcination of bones.

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Borscht

Borscht is a sour soup popular in several Eastern European cuisines, including Ukrainian, Russian, Polish, Lithuanian, Belarusian, Romanian, Ashkenazi Jewish and Armenian cuisines.

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Bottled water

Bottled water is drinking water (e.g., well water, distilled water, mineral water, or spring water) packaged in PET Bottle or Glass Water Bottles.

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Bottled water in the United States

The United States is the largest consumer market for bottled water in the world, followed by Mexico, China, and Brazil.

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Bovine immunodeficiency virus

Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) is a retrovirus belonging to the genus Lentivirus.

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Breast milk

Breast milk is the milk produced by the breasts (or mammary glands) of a human female to feed a child.

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Breed method

Breed method is a laboratory technique used for counting microorganisms in milk.

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Brewing

Brewing is the production of beer by steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains, the most popular of which is barley) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast.

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Brining

In food processing, brining is treating food with brine or coarse salt which preserves and seasons the food while enhancing tenderness and flavor with additions such as herbs, spices, sugar, caramel and/or vinegar.

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Brit milah

The brit milah (בְּרִית מִילָה,; Ashkenazi pronunciation:, "covenant of circumcision"; Yiddish pronunciation: bris) is a Jewish religious male circumcision ceremony performed by a mohel ("circumciser") on the eighth day of the infant's life.

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Bromomethane

Bromomethane, commonly known as methyl bromide, is an organobromine compound with formula CH3Br.

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Bunsen burner

A Bunsen burner, named after Robert Bunsen, is a common piece of laboratory equipment that produces a single open gas flame, which is used for heating, sterilization, and combustion.

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C. Olin Ball

Charles Olin Ball (1893–1970) was an American food scientist and inventor who was involved in the thermal death time studies in the food canning industry during the early 1920s.

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Caesium

Caesium (British spelling and IUPAC spelling) or cesium (American spelling) is a chemical element with symbol Cs and atomic number 55.

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Calculating God

Calculating God is a 2000 science fiction novel by Robert J. Sawyer.

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Canned fish

Canned fish are fish which have been processed, sealed in an airtight container such as a sealed tin can, and subjected to heat.

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Canning

Canning is a method of preserving food in which the food contents are processed and sealed in an airtight container.

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Cantharellus

Cantharellus is a genus of popular edible mushrooms, commonly known as chanterelles, a name which can also refer to the type species, Cantharellus cibarius.

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Carbon dioxide cleaning

Carbon dioxide cleaning (CO2 cleaning) comprises a family of methods for parts cleaning and sterilization, using carbon dioxide in its various phases.

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Carcinogen

A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that promotes carcinogenesis, the formation of cancer.

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Cathode ray

Cathode rays (also called an electron beam or e-beam) are streams of electrons observed in vacuum tubes.

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Central sterile services department

The central sterile services department (CSSD), also called sterile processing department (SPD), sterile processing, central supply department (CSD), or central supply, is an integrated place in hospitals and other health care facilities that performs sterilization and other actions on medical devices, equipment and consumables; for subsequent use by health workers in the operating theatre of the hospital and also for other aseptic procedures, e.g. catheterization, wound stitching and bandaging in a medical, surgical, maternity or paediatric ward.

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Chametz

Chametz (also chometz,, ḥameṣ, ḥameç and other spellings transliterated from חָמֵץ / חמץ) are leavened foods that are forbidden on the Jewish holiday of Passover.

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Changeover

In manufacturing, changeover is the process of converting a line or machine from running one product to another.

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Chemical sterilisation

Chemical sterilisation (also spelled chemical sterilization) refers to a technique of sterilization making use of a chemical agent.

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Chest tube

A chest tube (chest drain, thoracic catheter, tube thoracostomy, or intercostal drain) is a flexible plastic tube that is inserted through the chest wall and into the pleural space or mediastinum.

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Cleaning

Cleaning is the process of removing unwanted substances, such as dirt, infectious agents, and other impurities, from an object or environment.

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Cleanroom

A cleanroom or clean room is a situation, ordinarily utilized as a part of assembling, including of pharmaceutical items or logical research, and in addition aviation semiconductor building applications with a low level of natural toxins, for example, tiny, airborne organisms, vaporized particles, and concoction vapors.

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Close coupled field technology

Close coupled field technology (CCFT) is an air sterilization process that kills 99.999% of microbes, bacteria (including bacterial endospores), viruses, germs, mold spores, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), fungal air contaminants and chemical agents and their associated odors.

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Clostridium sporogenes

Clostridium sporogenes is a species of Gram-positive bacteria that belongs to the genus Clostridium.

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Clothing

Clothing (also known as clothes and attire) is a collective term for garments, items worn on the body.

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Cobalt-60

Cobalt-60,, is a synthetic radioactive isotope of cobalt with a half-life of 5.2714 years.

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Colonoscopy

Colonoscopy or coloscopy is the endoscopic examination of the large bowel and the distal part of the small bowel with a CCD camera or a fiber optic camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus.

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Controlled burn

A controlled or prescribed burn, also known as hazard reduction burning, backfire, swailing, or a burn-off, is a wildfire set intentionally for purposes of forest management, farming, prairie restoration or greenhouse gas abatement.

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Cooking

Cooking or cookery is the art, technology, science and craft of preparing food for consumption.

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Coors Brewing Company

The Coors Brewing Company is a regional division of the world's third-largest brewing company, the Molson Coors Brewing Company.

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Cork taint

Cork taint is a broad term referring to a wine fault characterized by a set of undesirable smells or tastes found in a bottle of wine, especially spoilage that can only be detected after bottling, aging and opening.

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Cream

Cream is a dairy product composed of the higher-butterfat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization.

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Curt Schimmelbusch

Curt Theodor Schimmelbusch (November 16, 1860 – August 2, 1895) was a German physician and pathologist who invented the Schimmelbusch mask, for the safe delivery of anaesthetics to surgical patients.

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Cut flowers

Cut flowers are flowers or flower buds (often with some stem and leaf) that have been cut from the plant bearing it.

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Cystoscopy

Cystoscopy (si-ˈstäs-kə-pē) is endoscopy of the urinary bladder via the urethra.

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D-value (microbiology)

In microbiology, D-value refers to decimal reduction time (or decimal reduction dose) and is the time (or dose) required at a given condition (e.g. temperature), or set of conditions, to kill 90% (or 1 log) of the exposed microorganisms.

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Dave Line

Dave Line (1942 – 1980) was a British beer author.

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Deactivation

Deactivation may refer to;.

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Decontamination

Decontamination (sometimes abbreviated as decon, dcon, or decontam) is the process of cleansing an object or substance to remove contaminants such as micro-organisms or hazardous materials, including chemicals, radioactive substances, and infectious diseases.

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Deficiency of the interleukin-1–receptor antagonist

Deficiency of the interleukin-1–receptor antagonist (DIRA) is a autosomal recessive, genetic autoinflammatory syndrome resulting from mutations in IL1RN, the gene encoding the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist.

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Dental assistant

Dental assistants (also known as dental nurses) are members of the dental team.

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Dental dam

A dental dam or rubber dam (sometimes termed "Kofferdam"—from German), designed in the United States in 1864 by Sanford Christie Barnum, is a thin, square sheet, usually latex or nitrile, used in dentistry to isolate the operative site (one or more teeth) from the rest of the mouth.

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Diaphragm valve

Diaphragm valves (or membrane valves) consists of a valve body with two or more ports, a diaphragm, and a "weir or saddle" or seat upon which the diaphragm closes the valve.

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Dielectric barrier discharge

Dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) is the electrical discharge between two electrodes separated by an insulating dielectric barrier.

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Dielectric heating

Dielectric heating, also known as electronic heating, RF (radio frequency) heating, and high-frequency heating, is the process in which a radio frequency alternating electric field, or radio wave or microwave electromagnetic radiation heats a dielectric material.

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Diffuse lamellar keratitis

Diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) is a sterile inflammation of the cornea which may occur after refractive surgery, such as LASIK.

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Dildo

A dildo is a sex toy, often explicitly phallic in appearance, intended for sexual penetration or other sexual activity during masturbation or with sex partners.

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Disinfectant

Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents that are applied to the surface of non-living objects to destroy microorganisms that are living on the objects.

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Disk diffusion test

The disk diffusion test, or agar diffusion test, or Kirby–Bauer test (disc-diffusion antibiotic susceptibility test, disc-diffusion antibiotic sensitivity test, KB test), is a test of the antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria.

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Djediufankh

Djediufankh was an ancient Egyptian priest who lived between 2,000 and 4,000 years ago.

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DNA profiling

DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting, DNA testing, or DNA typing) is the process of determining an individual's DNA characteristics, which are as unique as fingerprints.

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Dressing (medical)

A dressing is a sterile pad or compress applied to a wound to promote healing and protect the wound from further harm.

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Dry heat sterilization

Dry heat sterilization of an article is one of the earliest forms of sterilization practiced.

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Durham tube

Durham tubes are used in microbiology to detect production of gas by microorganisms.

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Dynamitron

The Dynamitron is a particle accelerator developed by IBA Industrial, (formerly Radiation Dynamics) in the 1960s.

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Earle H Spaulding

Earle Spaulding of Temple University (Philadelphia, Pa) in a 1939 paper on disinfection of surgical instruments in a chemical solutionhttp://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/articles/2000/09/figure-1-classifications.aspx proposed "a strategy for sterilization or disinfection of inanimate objects and surfaces based on the degree of risk involved in their use." for the medical community.

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Ebola virus disease

Ebola virus disease (EVD), also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) or simply Ebola, is a viral hemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses.

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Edgar Crookshank

Edgar March Crookshank (2 October 1858 – 1 July 1928) was an English physician and microbiologist.

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Electric track vehicle system

ETV system at University library Regensburg, Germany An Electric Track Vehicle System (ETV) is a conveyor system for light goods transport.

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Electron

The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol or, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.

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Electron-beam processing

Electron-beam processing or electron irradiation is a process that involves using beta radiation, usually of high energy, to treat an object for a variety of purposes.

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Ellis Island

Ellis Island, in Upper New York Bay, was the gateway for over 12 million immigrants to the U.S. as the United States' busiest immigrant inspection station for over 60 years from 1892 until 1954.

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Epoxidized soybean oil

Epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) is a collection of organic compounds obtained from the epoxidation of soybean oil.

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Ernst Moro

Ernst Moro (8 December 1874 in Laibach, Duchy of Carniola, Austria-Hungary, today Ljubljana, Slovenia – 1951) was an Austrian physician and pediatrician who was the first in western medicine to describe the infant reflex that was named after him (Moro reflex).

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Ernst von Bergmann

Ernst von Bergmann (16 December 1836 – 25 March 1907) was a Baltic German surgeon.

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Esculeoside A

Esculeoside A is a spirosolane-type glycoside with the molecular formula C58H95NO29.

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Evan O'Neill Kane

Evan O'Neill Kane (April 6, 1861 – April 1, 1932) was a surgeon working in Pennsylvania, United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and a member of a notable Pennsylvanian family.

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Evaporated milk

Evaporated milk, known in some countries as unsweetened condensed milk, is a shelf-stable canned milk product with about 60% of the water removed from fresh milk.

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ExoMars

ExoMars (Exobiology on Mars) is a two-part astrobiology project to search for evidence of life on Mars, a joint mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Russian space agency Roscosmos.

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Extinction

In biology, extinction is the termination of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species.

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Eye injury

Physical or chemical injuries of the eye can be a serious threat to vision if not treated appropriately and in a timely fashion.

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First aid kit

A first aid kit is a collection of supplies and equipment that is used to give medical treatment.

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Fomite

A fomes (pronounced) or fomite is any nonliving object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms, such as viruses or bacteria, and hence transferring them from one individual to another.

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Food and biological process engineering

Food and biological process engineering is a discipline concerned with applying principles of engineering to the fields of food production and distribution and biology.

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Food irradiation

Food irradiation is the process of exposing food and food packaging to ionizing radiation.

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Food preservation

Food preservation prevents the growth of microorganisms (such as yeasts), or other microorganisms (although some methods work by introducing benign bacteria or fungi to the food), as well as slowing the oxidation of fats that cause rancidity.

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Food technology

Food technology is a branch of food science that deals with the production processes that make foods.

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Forceps

Forceps (plural forcepshttps://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q.

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Fowler's Vacola

The Fowler's Vacola jar is a molded glass jar used in canning to preserve food.

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Fusarium circinatum

Fusarium circinatum is a fungal plant pathogen that causes the serious disease pitch canker on pine trees.

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G-arm medical imaging

G-arm medical imaging systems are based on fluoroscopic X-ray and are used for a variety of diagnostic imaging and minimally invasive surgical procedures.

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Gauze sponge

Gauze sponges are disposable medical supplies commonly used in medicine and surgery.

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Geobacillus stearothermophilus

Geobacillus stearothermophilus (basonym Bacillus stearothermophilus) is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium and a member of the division Firmicutes.

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Getinge Group

Getinge AB is a global medical technology company, founded in Sweden in 1904.

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Glossary of winemaking terms

This glossary of winemaking terms lists some of terms and definitions involved in making wine, fruit wine, and mead.

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Glutaraldehyde

Glutaraldehyde, sold under the brandname Cidex and Glutaral among others, is a disinfectant and medication.

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Ground meat

Ground meat (called mince or minced meat outside North America) is meat finely chopped by a meat grinder or a chopping knife.

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Gulf Hamstery

Gulf Hamstery was a hamstery which established the commercial Syrian hamster industry in the United States.

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Halogen

The halogens are a group in the periodic table consisting of five chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).

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Harm reduction

Harm reduction, or harm minimization, is a range of public health policies designed to lessen the negative social and/or physical consequences associated with various human behaviors, both legal and illegal.

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Healing of periapical lesions

Apical periodontitis is typically the body’s defense response to the threat of microbial invasion from the root canal.

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Heat torch

A heat torch is a tool or device that is used to heat up a substance quickly, whether it is air, metal, plastic, or other materials.

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Herbaspirillum hiltneri

Herbaspirillum hiltneri is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Herbaspirillum isolated from surface-sterilized wheat roots.

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Heroin

Heroin, also known as diamorphine among other names, is an opioid most commonly used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects.

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History of nursing in the United Kingdom

The history of nursing in the United Kingdom tells of the development of the profession since the 1850s.

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History of surgery

Surgery (W. J. Bishop, The early history of Surgery. Hale, London, 1960.

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History of wound care

The history of wound care spans from prehistory to modern medicine.

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Hospital-acquired infection

A hospital-acquired infection (HAI), also known as a nosocomial infection, is an infection that is acquired in a hospital or other health care facility.

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Hot air oven

Hot air ovens are electrical devices which use dry heat to sterilize.

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Hurdle technology

Hurdle technology is a method of ensuring that pathogens in food products can be eliminated or controlled.

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Hydration system

A hydration system is an apparatus used in recreation and other sustained outdoor activities.

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Hygiene

Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health.

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Incision and drainage

Incision and drainage and clinical lancing are minor surgical procedures to release pus or pressure built up under the skin, such as from an abscess, boil, or infected paranasal sinus.

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Indian dairy products

A variety of dairy products are indigenous to India and an important part of Indian cuisine.

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Individually ventilated cage

An individually ventilated cage (IVC) is used to keep an animal separated from other animals and possible exposures, including exposure by air.

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Infant ear piercing

Ear piercing is one of the oldest forms of body modification.

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Infinity Fluids

Infinity Fluids, founded in 1998, is a Massachusetts corporation which develops process and thermal systems for the fuel cell, pharmaceutical, industrial, and biotechnology industries.

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Infusion pump

An infusion pump infuses fluids, medication or nutrients into a patient's circulatory system.

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Inoculation loop

An inoculation loop, also called a smear loop, inoculation wand or microstreaker, is a simple tool used mainly by microbiologists to retrieve an inoculum from a culture of microorganisms.

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Instruments used in general medicine

Category:Medical equipment.

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International Down and Feather Testing Laboratory

IDFL Laboratory and Institute, (originally known as International Down and Feather Testing Laboratory) is the largest down and feather testing laboratory in the world with over 8,000 clients in 80 countries.

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Irradiation

Irradiation is the process by which an object is exposed to radiation.

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Jacob Moritz Blumberg

Jacob Moritz Blumberg (27 June 1873 – 1955) was a German Jewish surgeon and gynaecologist and inventor and namesake of the Blumberg sign.

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James Dinwiddie

Captain James Cuthbert 'Cuddy' Dinwiddie, known also as "Doctor Dinwiddie," was a Confederate military surgeon who inadvertently advanced the treatment against microorganisms and infections during his service as a battlefield surgeon during the American Civil War.

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James Lovelock

James Ephraim Lovelock, (born 26 July 1919) is an independent scientist, environmentalist, and futurist who lives in Dorset, England.

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Jar

A jar is a rigid, approximately cylindrical container with a wide mouth or opening.

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Jatene procedure

The Jatene procedure, arterial switch operation or arterial switch, is an open heart surgical procedure used to correct dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA); its development was pioneered by Canadian cardiac surgeon William Mustard and it was named for Brazilian cardiac surgeon Adib Jatene, who was the first to use it successfully.

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John Glasgow Kerr

John Glasgow Kerr (1824–1901) was an American medical missionary and philanthropist who helped establish the Canton Hospital, also known as the Ophthalmic Hospital, in Canton, China.

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Joseph Lister

Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister, (5 April 182710 February 1912), known between 1883 and 1897 as Sir Joseph Lister, Bt., was a British surgeon and a pioneer of antiseptic surgery.

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Kilner jar

A Kilner jar is a rubber-sealed, screw-topped jar used for preserving (bottling) food.

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Kirschner wire

Kirschner wires or K-wires or pins are sterilized, sharpened, smooth stainless steel pins.

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Laboratory centrifuge

A laboratory centrifuge is a piece of laboratory equipment, driven by a motor, which spins liquid samples at high speed.

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Laboratory oven

Laboratory ovens are ovens for high-forced volume thermal convection applications.

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Lake Ellsworth (Antarctica)

Lake Ellsworth is a natural freshwater liquid subglacial lake located in West Antarctica under approximately of ice.

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Lake Vostok

Lake Vostok (Озеро Восток, Ozero Vostok, lit. "Lake East") is the largest of Antarctica's almost 400 known subglacial lakes.

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Lawson Tait

Lawson Tait, born Robert Lawson Tait (1 May 1845 – 13 June 1899) was a pioneer in pelvic and abdominal surgery and developed new techniques and procedures.

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Lift table bellows

A lift table bellows (also known as lift table skirting) is a safety device that forms a protective barrier between the lift table operator and the equipment's moving parts.

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Light-emitting diode

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source.

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List of cooking techniques

Cooking is the art of preparing food for ingestion, commonly with the application of heat.

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List of instruments used in microbiological sterilization and disinfection

Instruments used in microbiological sterilization and disinfection are as follows.

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List of MeSH codes (G03)

The following is a list of the "G" codes for MeSH.

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List of recently extinct mammals

Recently extinct mammals are any mammal that went extinct since the year 1500 C. E., as defined by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

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Lo Kwee-seong

Dr.

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Lost World Caverns

Lost World Caverns, located just outside Lewisburg, West Virginia, is an underground natural series of caverns.

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Lubbock Lake Landmark

Lubbock Lake Landmark, also known as Lubbock Lake Site, is an important archeological site and natural history preserve in the city of Lubbock, Texas.

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Lyodura

Lyodura was a medical product used in neurosurgery that has been shown to transmit Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, a degenerative neurological disorder that is incurable, from affected donor cadavers to surgical recipients.

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María Teresa Ferrari

María Teresa Ferrari (11 October 1887 – 30 October 1956) was an Argentine educator, medical doctor, and women's rights activist.

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Marburg virus disease

Marburg virus disease (MVD; formerly Marburg hemorrhagic fever) is a severe illness of humans and non-human primates caused by either of the two marburgviruses, Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV).

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Marmarabirlik

Marmarabirlik is a Turkish olive-production company.

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Mars Exploration Rover

NASA's Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission is an ongoing robotic space mission involving two Mars rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, exploring the planet Mars.

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Mary Jane Haake

Mary Jane Haake (born 1951) is an American tattoo artist and authority on medical tattooing and permanent makeup (cosmetic tattooing).

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Mason jar

A Mason jar, named after John Landis Mason who first invented and patented it in 1858, is a molded glass jar used in home canning to preserve food.

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Mass Effect 2

Mass Effect 2 is an action role-playing video game developed by BioWare and published by Electronic Arts.

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Mayo scissors

Mayo scissors are a type of surgical scissor, often used in the cutting of fascia.

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Médecins Sans Frontières

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF; pronounced), also known in English as Doctors Without Borders, is an international humanitarian medical non-governmental organisation (NGO) of French origin best known for its projects in conflict zones and in countries affected by endemic diseases.

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MedAccred

MedAccred is an accreditation program for critical process manufacturing operations in the production of medical devices MedAccred is an industry managed program with the medical device industry having responsibility for all decisions regarding program operations, development, and the decision to award accreditations.

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Media dispenser

A media dispenser or a culture media dispenser is a device for repeatedly delivering small fixed volumes (typically between 1 ml and 50 ml) of liquid such as a laboratory growth medium like molten agar or caustic or volatile solvents like toluene into a series of receptacles (Petri dishes, test tubes, Fernbach flasks, etc.). It is often important that such dispensers operate without biological or chemical contamination, and so must be internally sealed from the environment and designed for easy cleaning and sterilization before use.

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Medisafe International

Medisafe International is a United Kingdom-based company that develops and manufactures products in the field of surgical instrument reprocessing.

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Microwave volumetric heating

Microwave Volumetric Heating (MVH) is a method of using microwaves to evenly heat the entire volume of a flowing liquid, suspension or semi-solid.

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Miliaria

Miliaria, also called "sweat rash", is a skin disease marked by small and itchy rashes.

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Mixed oxidant

Mixed oxidant solution is a kind of Disinfection which is used for disinfecting, sterilization and eliminating pathogenic microorganisms in water and in many other applications.

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Mlekara Subotica

Mlekara Subotica (Млекара Суботица) was a Serbian producer of dairy products based in Subotica, Serbia.

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Moabit

Moabit is an inner city locality of Berlin.

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Moist heat sterilization

Moist heat sterilization describes sterilization techniques that utilize hot air that is heavily laden with water vapor and where this moisture plays the most important role in the sterilization.

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Moon landing

A Moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon.

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Multi-seat valve

Multi-seat valves, or multi-port valves, are used to shut off or control complex liquid flows in sterile areas in the beverage and food industry as well as in the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industry.

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Nail file

A nail file is a tool used to gently grind down and shape the edges of nails.

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Natural pool

A natural swimming pool or natural swimming pond (NSP) is a system consisting of a constructed body of water, where the water is contained by an isolating membrane or membranes, in which no chemicals or devices that disinfect or sterilize water are used, and all clarifying and purifying of the water is achieved through biological filters and plants rooted hydroponically in the system.

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Ndut initiation rite

The Ndut is a rite of passage as well as a religious education commanded by Serer religion that every Serer (an ethnic group found in Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania) must go through once in their lifetime.

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Needle-through-arm

Needle-through-arm is a magic illusion that was created by Bruce Spangler and later popularized by comedy actor/magician Harry Anderson.

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Neonatal infection

No description.

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Neonatal meningitis

Neonatal meningitis is a serious medical condition in infants.

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New York City agar

The N.Y.C (New York City) medium or GC (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) medium agar is used for isolating Gonococci.

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Niacin test

The niacin test has been widely used since the 1960s to identify mycobacteria at the species level in the clinical laboratory.

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Northeastern University

Northeastern University (NU, formerly NEU) is a private research university in Boston, Massachusetts, established in 1898.

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Nuclear technology

Nuclear technology is technology that involves the nuclear reactions of atomic nuclei.

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Operating microscope

An operating microscope is an optical microscope specifically designed to be used in a surgical setting, typically to perform microsurgery.

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Operating theater

An operating theater (also known as an operating room, operating suite, operation theatre, operation suite or OR) is a facility within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out in a sterile environment.

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Opioid use disorder

Opioid use disorder is a medical condition characterized by a problematic pattern of opioid use that causes clinically significant impairment or distress.

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Outline of agriculture

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to agriculture: Agriculture – cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life.

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Ozone

Ozone, or trioxygen, is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula.

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Pascalization

Pascalization, bridgmanization, high pressure processing (HPP) or high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing is a method of preserving and sterilizing food, in which a product is processed under very high pressure, leading to the inactivation of certain microorganisms and enzymes in the food.

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Pasteurization

Pasteurization or pasteurisation is a process in which packaged and non-packaged foods (such as milk and fruit juice) are treated with mild heat (Today, pasteurization is used widely in the dairy industry and other food processing industries to achieve food preservation and food safety. This process was named after the French scientist Louis Pasteur, whose research in the 1880s demonstrated that thermal processing would inactivate unwanted microorganisms in wine. Spoilage enzymes are also inactivated during pasteurization. Most liquid products are heat treated in a continuous system where heat can be applied using plate heat exchanger and/or direct or indirect use of steam and hot water. Due to the mild heat there are minor changes to the nutritional quality of foods as well as the sensory characteristics. Pascalization or high pressure processing (HPP) and Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) are non-thermal processes that are also used to pasteurize foods.

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Pathogenic bacteria

Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease.

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Peristaltic pump

A peristaltic pump is a type of positive displacement pump used for pumping a variety of fluids.

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Peritonitis

Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum, the lining of the inner wall of the abdomen and cover of the abdominal organs.

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Petri dish

A Petri dish (sometimes spelled "Petrie Dish" and alternatively known as a Petri plate or cell-culture dish), named after the German bacteriologist Julius Richard Petri, is a shallow cylindrical glass or plastic lidded dish that biologists use to culture cellssuch as bacteriaor small mosses.

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PF Tek

PF Tek is a method of mushroom cultivation pioneered by Robert McPherson, aka.

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Phosphorylcholine

Phosphorylcholine (abbreviated ChoP) is the hydrophilic polar head group of some phospholipids, which is composed of a negatively charged phosphate bonded to a small, positively charged choline group.

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Photocatalysis

In chemistry, photocatalysis is the acceleration of a photoreaction in the presence of a catalyst.

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Phytophthora ramorum

Phytophthora ramorum is the oomycete plant pathogen known to cause the disease sudden oak death (SOD).

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Phytoplankton

Phytoplankton are the autotrophic (self-feeding) components of the plankton community and a key part of oceans, seas and freshwater basin ecosystems.

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Pickling

Pickling is the process of preserving or expanding the lifespan of food by either anaerobic fermentation in brine or immersion in vinegar.

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Plasma medicine

Plasma medicine is an emerging field that combines plasma physics, life sciences and clinical medicine.

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Play piercing

Play piercing, needle play, or recreational acupuncture is body piercing done for the purpose of enjoying the experience rather than producing a permanent body decoration.

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Polyaryletherketone

Polyaryletherketone (PAEK) is a family of semi-crystalline thermoplastics with high-temperature stability and high mechanical strength whose molecular backbone contains alternately ketone (R-CO-R) and ether groups (R-O-R).

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Portable water purification

Portable water purification devices are self-contained, easily transported units used to purify water from untreated sources (such as rivers, lakes, and wells) for drinking purposes.

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Pressure cooking

Pressure cooking is the process of cooking food, using water or other cooking liquid, in a sealed vessel known as a pressure cooker.

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Prison tattooing

Prison tattooing is the practice of creating and displaying tattoos in a prison environment.

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Protosteloid

Protosteloid amoebae, also called protostelids, are amoebae that are capable of making simple fruiting bodies consisting of a cellular stalk topped by one or a few spores.

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Psychosis

Psychosis is an abnormal condition of the mind that results in difficulties telling what is real and what is not.

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Puna Geothermal Venture

The Puna Geothermal Venture (PGV) is a currently nonoperational geothermal energy power plant on the island of Hawaii, the largest island in the state of Hawaii.

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Quiberon

Quiberon is a commune in the Morbihan department in Brittany in western France.

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Quiberon Bay

The Baie de Quiberon is an area of sheltered water on the south coast of Brittany.

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Radappertization

Radappertization is a form of food irradiation which applies a dose of ionizing radiation sufficient to reduce the number and activity of viable microorganisms to such an extent that very few, if any, are detectable in the treated food by any recognized method (viruses being excepted).

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Radioactive source

A radioactive source is a known quantity of a radionuclide which emits ionizing radiation; typically one or more of the radiation types gamma rays, alpha particles, beta particles, and neutron radiation.

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Radionuclide

A radionuclide (radioactive nuclide, radioisotope or radioactive isotope) is an atom that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable.

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Retort pouch

A retort pouch or retortable pouch is a type of food packaging made from a laminate of flexible plastic and metal foils.

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Rochester Top 100

The Rochester Top 100 is an annual list of the fastest growing privately held companies in the Rochester, New York region.

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Rosetta (spacecraft)

Rosetta was a space probe built by the European Space Agency launched on 2 March 2004.

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S. M. Jaleel and Company

SM Jaleel & Company Ltd, also known as SMJ, is the largest manufacturer of non alcoholic drinks in the English speaking Caribbean.

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Safety syringe

Safety syringes have a safety mechanism built into the syringe.

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Saline (medicine)

Saline, also known as saline solution, is a mixture of sodium chloride in water and has a number of uses in medicine.

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Scrubs (clothing)

Scrubs are the sanitary clothing worn by surgeons, nurses, physicians and other workers involved in patient care in hospitals.

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Severe combined immunodeficiency

Severe combined immunodeficiency, SCID, also known as alymphocytosis, Glanzmann–Riniker syndrome, severe mixed immunodeficiency syndrome, and thymic alymphoplasia, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the disturbed development of functional T cells and B cells caused by numerous genetic mutations that result in heterogeneous clinical presentations.

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Shelf-stable food

Shelf-stable food (sometimes ambient food) is food of a type that can be safely stored at room temperature in a sealed container.

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Single Use Medical Device Reprocessing

Single-use medical device reprocessing is the disinfection, cleaning, remanufacturing, testing, packaging and labeling, and sterilization among other steps, of a used, (or, in some cases, a device opened from its original packaging but unused), medical device to be put in service again.

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Slime layer

A slime layer in bacteria is an easily removable (e.g. by centrifugation), unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds bacteria cells.

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Sodium dichloroisocyanurate

Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (INN: sodium troclosene, troclosenum natricum or NaDCC or SDIC) is a chemical compound widely used as a cleansing agent and disinfectant.

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Soil steam sterilization

Soil steam sterilization (soil steaming) is a farming technique that sterilizes soil with steam in open fields or greenhouses.

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Sowing

Sowing is the process of planting.

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Steam

Steam is water in the gas phase, which is formed when water boils.

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Steam infusion

Steam Infusion is a direct-contact heating process in which steam condenses on the surface of a pumpable food product.

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Sterilant gas monitoring

Sterilant gas monitoring is the detection of hazardous gases used by health care and other facilities to sterilize medical supplies that cannot be sterilized by heat or steam methods.

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Sterility

Sterile or sterility may refer to.

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Sterility assurance level

In microbiology, sterility assurance level (SAL) is the probability that a single unit that has been subjected to sterilization nevertheless remains nonsterile.

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Sterilization

Sterilization may refer to.

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Super Optimal Broth

Super Optimal Broth (SOB medium) is a nutrient-rich bacterial growth medium used for microbiological culture, generally of Escherichia coli.

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Superheated steam

Superheated steam is a steam at a temperature higher than its vaporization (boiling) point at the absolute pressure where the temperature is measured.

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Surgery

Surgery (from the χειρουργική cheirourgikē (composed of χείρ, "hand", and ἔργον, "work"), via chirurgiae, meaning "hand work") is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate or treat a pathological condition such as a disease or injury, to help improve bodily function or appearance or to repair unwanted ruptured areas.

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Surgical suture

Surgical suture is a medical device used to hold body tissues together after an injury or surgery.

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Surgical technologist

A Surgical Technologist, also called a scrub, scrub tech, surgical technician, or operating room technician, is an allied health professional working as a part of the team delivering surgical care.

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Survival skills

Survival skills are techniques that a person may use in order to sustain life in any type of natural environment or built environment.

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Synergy Health

Synergy Health plc is a global company headquartered in the United Kingdom.

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Synthetic biodegradable polymer

Many opportunities exist for the application of synthetic biodegradable polymers in the biomedical area particularly in the fields of tissue engineering and controlled drug delivery.

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Syringe

A syringe is a simple reciprocating pump consisting of a plunger (though in modern syringes it's actually a piston) that fits tightly within a cylindrical tube called a barrel.

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Tattoo

A tattoo is a form of body modification where a design is made by inserting ink, dyes and pigments, either indelible or temporary, into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment.

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Terrarium

A terrarium (plural: terraria or terrariums) is usually a sealable glass container containing soil and plants, and can be opened for maintenance to access the plants inside.

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Tersicoccus phoenicis

Tersicoccus phoenicis is a member of the bacterial family Micrococcaceae.

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Tetrahydropalmatine

Tetrahydropalmatine (THP) is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in several different plant species, mainly in the genus Corydalis (Yan Hu Suo), but also in other plants such as Stephania rotunda.

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The Bagthorpe Saga

The Bagthorpe Saga is a series of 10 novels by Helen Cresswell published between 1977 and 2001 winning two International Reading Association awards published in the UK and the United States by Faber and Faber.

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The Colony (U.S. season 1)

The Colony is a reality television program.

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The First Sex

The First Sex is a 1971 book by the American librarian Elizabeth Gould Davis, considered part of the second wave of feminism.

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The Pyramid at the End of the World

"The Pyramid at the End of the World" is the seventh episode of the tenth series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who.

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Thermal analysis

Thermal analysis is a branch of materials science where the properties of materials are studied as they change with temperature.

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Toothache

Toothache, also known as dental pain,Segen JC.

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Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), also known as prion diseases, are a group of progressive, invariably fatal, conditions that affect the brain (encephalopathies) and nervous system of many animals, including humans.

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Tray

A tray is a shallow platform designed for the carrying of items.

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Trocken

Trocken is German for dry, and is used in the classification of German wine.

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Tube cleaning

For the article about the tube cleaning of steam locomotive boilers see: Tube cleaning (locomotive).

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Tyndallization

Tyndallization is a process dating from the nineteenth century for sterilizing substances, usually food, named after its inventor, scientist John Tyndall, that can be used to kill heat-resistant endospores.

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Ultra-high-temperature processing

Ultra-high temperature processing (UHT), ultra-heat treatment, or ultra-pasteurization is a food processing technology that sterilizes liquid food, chiefly milk, by heating it above – the temperature required to kill spores in milk – for 1 to 2 seconds.

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Ultraviolet

Ultraviolet (UV) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.

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Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation

Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is a disinfection method that uses short-wavelength ultraviolet (UV-C) light to kill or inactivate microorganisms by destroying nucleic acids and disrupting their DNA, leaving them unable to perform vital cellular functions.

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University of Massachusetts Amherst Department of Food Science

The Department of Food Science at the University of Massachusetts Amherst was officially started, preceding all other Food Science departments in the United States by over a year, on April 27, 1918.

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Urine

Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many animals.

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Uterine microbiome

The uterine microbiome is the commensal, nonpathogenic, bacteria, viruses, yeasts/fungi present in a healthy uterus, amniotic fluid and endometrium and the specific environment which they inhabit.

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Vacutainer

A Vacutainer blood collection tube is a sterile glass or plastic test tube with a colored rubber stopper creating a vacuum seal inside of the tube, facilitating the drawing of a predetermined volume of liquid.

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Venus

Venus is the second planet from the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days.

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Vertical form fill sealing machine

A vertical form fill sealing machine is a type of automated assembly-line product packaging system, commonly used in the packaging industry for food, and a wide variety of other products.

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Viking program

The Viking program consisted of a pair of American space probes sent to Mars, Viking 1 and Viking 2.

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Waldemar Haffkine

Sir Waldemar Mordechai Wolff Haffkine, CIE (Мордехай-Вольф Хавкин) (15 March 1860 – 26 October 1930) was a bacteriologist from the Russian Empire whose career was blighted in Russia because he refused to convert from Judaism to Russian Orthodox Christianity.

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Walter Johnsen

Walter Craig Johnsen (born December 15, 1950) is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Acme United Corporation, which is a supplier of cutting, measuring and safety products for the school, home, office, hardware and industrial markets.

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Wang Keqin

Wang Keqin (born November 14, 1964), is an influential Chinese muckraking reporter, founder of charity Da Ai Qing Chen or Love Save Pneumoconiosis and blogger.

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Waste converter

A waste converter is a machine used for the treatment and recycling of solid and liquid refuse material.

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Watch glass

A watch glass is a circular concave piece of glass used in chemistry as a surface to evaporate a liquid, to hold solids while being weighed, for heating a small amount of substance and as a cover for a beaker.

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Water chlorination

Water chlorination is the process of adding chlorine or hypochlorite to water.

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Water for injection

Water for injection is water of extra high quality without significant contamination.

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Water purification

Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from water.

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Weck jar

A Weck jar is a molded glass jar used in canning to preserve food.

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Weird Years

Weird Years is an animated comedy sitcom by Lenz Entertainment and Mercury Filmworks.

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Werner Zoege von Manteuffel

Werner Zoege von Manteuffel (13 July 1857, in Määri, Estonia – 14 March 1926, in Tallinn, Estonia) was a Baltic German medical surgeon.

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William Duff (dentist)

William John Duff (born January 1962) is a Scottish dentist from Kilbarchan in Renfrewshire who was jailed for three years (reduced on appeal to two years) for fraud and reckless endangerment in 2001.() Duff worked for a number of dental practices in West Central Scotland in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

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William Macewen

Sir William Macewen, CB, FRS, (22 June 1848 – 22 March 1924) was a Scottish surgeon.

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Winemaking

Winemaking or vinification is the production of wine, starting with the selection of the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid.

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X-ray generator

An X-ray generator is a device that produces X-rays.

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Xenon arc lamp

A xenon arc lamp is a highly specialized type of gas discharge lamp, an electric light that produces light by passing electricity through ionized xenon gas at high pressure.

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Yili Group

Yili Group (Chinese: 团, p Yīlì Jítuán; full name: Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Company Limited) is a state-owned company of dairy industry in China.

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Z-value (temperature)

"F0" is defined as the number of equivalent minutes of steam sterilization at temperature 121.1 °C delivered to a container or unit of product calculated using a z-value of 10 °C.

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1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropane

1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropane is an organic chemical, an organofluoride.

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1892 in science

The year 1892 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

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2,4,6-Trichloroanisole

2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (TCA) is a chemical compound that is a chlorinated derivative of anisole.

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Filter sterilization, Heat sterilisation, Heat sterilization, Medical sanitation, Radiation sterilization, Sterilant, Sterile filtration, Sterilisation (microbiology), Thermal sterilization.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterilization_(microbiology)

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