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348 relations: Aagenaes syndrome, Abuse defense, Achard syndrome, Ackerman syndrome, Acropectoral syndrome, Acute coronary syndrome, Agenesis of the corpus callosum, Alcoholic ketoacidosis, Alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome, Alström syndrome, Andrew Wakefield, Androgen-induced hermaphroditism, Anencephaly, Angelman syndrome, Animal models of depression, Animal models of epilepsy, Anodontia, Antisynthetase syndrome, Aphalangia, Ardalan–Shoja–Kiuru syndrome, Arteriovenous malformation, Asperger syndrome, Asymptomatic, Athymhormic syndrome, Atypical depression, Autism, Ayazi syndrome, Bardet–Biedl syndrome, Beekeeping, Bipolar II disorder, Birth defect, Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome, Bohring–Opitz syndrome, Brachydactyly, Breast cancer, Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease, Camptocormia, Camptodactyly, Cancer, Capillary leak syndrome, Cardiac fibroma, Cardinal sign (pathology), Cat eye syndrome, Cat flu, Catarrh, Catatonia, Cause (medicine), Causes of mental disorders, Causes of schizophrenia, CHARGE syndrome, ..., Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, Child development, Child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome, Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder, Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, Cilium, Cinderella complex, Classification of mental disorders, Cleft lip and cleft palate, Clinodactyly, Cockayne syndrome, Colony collapse disorder, Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema, Comorbidity, Congenital disorder of glycosylation, Congenital heart defect, Craniosynostosis, Critical illness polyneuropathy, Cronkhite–Canada syndrome, Cult, Cushing's syndrome, Cysteine, Da Costa's syndrome, Dandy–Walker syndrome, Dapsone, Deafblindness, DECIPHER, Delayed puberty, Dementia praecox, Dennie–Marfan syndrome, Denys–Drash syndrome, Depression in childhood and adolescence, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome, Disease, Donald Ewen Cameron, Dorian Gray syndrome, Dream Big (Jazmine Sullivan song), Dysmelia, Dysmorphic feature, Early Islamic philosophy, EAST syndrome, Ectodermal dysplasia, Eiken syndrome, Ellis–van Creveld syndrome, Emil Kraepelin, Encephalopathy, Endometrosis, Endotype, Entanglement distillation, Entity, Environmental dependency syndrome, Epilepsy-intellectual disability in females, Epiphenomenon, Esophagus, Examples of data mining, Executive dysfunction, Exencephaly, Exercise intolerance, Fanconi syndrome, Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, Follicle-stimulating hormone insensitivity, Frameshift mutation, Fred Rosen (physician), Freeman–Sheldon syndrome, Frontal lobe injury, Gaspar Vibal, Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus, Gerodermia osteodysplastica, Gisella Giovenco, Glossary of diabetes, Glutamate flavoring, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone insensitivity, Gradenigo's syndrome, Grinspan's syndrome, Group B streptococcal infection, Hallermann–Streiff syndrome, Hamman's syndrome, Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Heat stroke, Hemifacial microsomia, Hemolytic-uremic syndrome, Hepatopulmonary syndrome, Heterogeneous condition, History of medical diagnosis, History of mental disorders, History of schizophrenia, Human cytomegalovirus, Hunter syndrome, Hyperlexia, Hypoglossia, Idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia, Impingement syndrome, Index of genetics articles, Index of HIV/AIDS-related articles, Index of molecular biology articles, Infant respiratory distress syndrome, Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, Insect sting allergy, Instance-based learning, Insulin-like growth factor 1, Intraflagellar transport, Ion channel, Irlen syndrome, Islamic philosophy, Jan Mohr, Jean Lhermitte, Jerusalem syndrome, John H. Edwards, Johnson–Munson syndrome, Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, Katz syndrome, König's syndrome, Keratocystic odontogenic tumour, Ketogenic diet, Kinase, Klaus Patau, Klüver–Bucy syndrome, Klotho (biology), Kostmann syndrome, Lactose intolerance, Lacunar stroke, Landau–Kleffner syndrome, Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, Leydig cell hypoplasia, List of eponymously named diseases, List of geneticists, List of Greek and Latin roots in English/D, List of ICD-9 codes 290–319: mental disorders, List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes, List of medical textbooks, List of MeSH codes (C23), List of syndromes, Logic in Islamic philosophy, Long face syndrome, Lottery (novel), Luc Montagnier, Lyme disease, Malignant narcissism, Malnutrition–inflammation complex, Malpuech facial clefting syndrome, Marshall–Smith syndrome, Maschen-Draht-Zaun, Maternal deprivation, Meckel syndrome, Medical error, Meningism, Mental disorder, Mental health in the Middle East, Metabolic syndrome, Michael A. O'Donnell, Michael Fossel, Michael Lesch, Michels syndrome, Microcephaly, Microstomia, Mucometrocolpos, Muir–Torre syndrome, Multicystic dysplastic kidney, Multiple endocrine neoplasia, Multiple hamartoma syndrome, Myofascial pain syndrome, Narcissism, Nasodigitoacoustic syndrome, Navicular syndrome, Neotenic complex syndrome, Nephritic syndrome, Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, Nephrops norvegicus, Neurodevelopmental disorder, New daily persistent headache, NINCDS-ADRDA Alzheimer's Criteria, Nitrogen narcosis, Non-allelic homologous recombination, Norbert Ortner, Nosology, Olfactory reference syndrome, One and a half syndrome, Organic brain syndrome, Orofaciodigital syndrome 1, Orthostatic intolerance, Ortner's syndrome, Outer ear, Outline of genetics, Pacak–Zhuang syndrome, Pacemaker syndrome, Paraneoplastic syndrome, Parkinsonism, Parthanatos, Pashayan syndrome, Patau syndrome, Pediatric surgery, Pelvic floor dysfunction, Penza Oblast, Peters-plus syndrome, Peutz–Jeghers syndrome, Phenotype (clinical medicine), Physical disorder, Physiology of underwater diving, Pierre Robin syndrome, Pituitary adenoma, Pivagabine, POEMS syndrome, Polydactyly, Polymicrogyria, Polysomy, Popliteal pterygium syndrome, Port-wine stain, Post-concussion syndrome, Post-intensive care syndrome, Post-vasectomy pain syndrome, Posterior ramus syndrome, Postorgasmic illness syndrome, Potter sequence, Prediabetes, Prevalence, Primary ciliary dyskinesia, Propofol infusion syndrome, Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, Purple urine bag syndrome, Purtscher's retinopathy, Radiation enteropathy, Rajesh Thakker, Ramón Carrillo, Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, Reactive airway disease, Refeeding syndrome, Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema, Retinitis pigmentosa, Richard A. Gardner, Richard Bentall, Riga–Fede disease, Rosselli–Gulienetti syndrome, Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome, Runting-stunting syndrome in broilers, SAHA syndrome, Sandifer syndrome, Schizoaffective disorder, Schizophrenia, Schnitzler syndrome, Secondary hypertension, Senior–Løken syndrome, Septo-optic dysplasia, Sequence (medicine), Shawl scrotum, Shifting baseline, Shprintzen–Goldberg syndrome, Sluggish cognitive tempo, Snacking, Societal and cultural aspects of Tourette syndrome, Spectrum disorder, Spinocerebellar ataxia, Split hand syndrome, Stabilizer code, Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, Stephen R. Bloom, Steven James Bartlett, Stomach cancer, Streptococcus agalactiae, TAN syndrome, Tardive dysphrenia, Temporomandibular joint dysfunction, Thomas Szasz, Thrombotic storm, Thyroid hormone resistance, Tick-borne encephalitis, Timeline of cardiovascular disease, Timeline of measles, Tourette syndrome, Toxidrome, Transient synovitis, Transplant rejection, Trigonocephaly, Tubular proteinuria, Ulysses syndrome, Uner Tan syndrome, Urban survival syndrome, Usher syndrome, VACTERL association, Vaginal anomalies, Vagotonia, Vascular access steal syndrome, Vascular anomaly, Vertebral subluxation, Victor Skumin, VOC contamination of groundwater, WAGR syndrome, Wallis–Zieff–Goldblatt syndrome, West Nile fever, White hand sign, Wide World of Sports (U.S. TV series), Wilson–Mikity syndrome, XYY syndrome, Yellow nail syndrome, Zunich–Kaye syndrome, 1978 in science, 2p15-16.1 microdeletion syndrome. Expand index (298 more) » « Shrink index

Aagenaes syndrome

Aagenaes syndrome is a syndrome characterised by congenital hypoplasia of lymph vessels, which causes lymphedema of the legs and recurrent cholestasis in infancy, and slow progress to hepatic cirrhosis and giant cell hepatitis with fibrosis of the portal tracts.

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Abuse defense

The abuse defense is a criminal law defense in which the defendant argues that a prior history of abuse justifies violent retaliation.

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Achard syndrome

Achard syndrome is a syndrome consisting of arachnodactyly, receding lower jaw, and joint laxity limited to the hands and feet.

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Ackerman syndrome

Ackerman syndrome is a familial syndrome of fused molar roots with a single canal (taurodontism), hypotrichosis, full upper lip without a cupid’s bow, thickened and wide philtrum, and occasional juvenile glaucoma.

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Acropectoral syndrome

Acropectoral syndrome is an autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia syndrome affecting the hands, feet, sternum, and lumbosacral spine.

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Acute coronary syndrome

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a syndrome (set of signs and symptoms) due to decreased blood flow in the coronary arteries such that part of the heart muscle is unable to function properly or dies.

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Agenesis of the corpus callosum

Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is a rare birth defect (congenital disorder) in which there is a complete or partial absence of the corpus callosum.

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Alcoholic ketoacidosis

Alcoholic ketoacidosis is a common reason for admission of alcohol dependent persons in hospitals emergency rooms.

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Alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome

Alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome (AKS), Korsakoff syndrome is an amnestic disorder caused by thiamine deficiency associated with prolonged ingestion of alcohol.

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Alström syndrome

Alström syndrome (AS), also called Alström–Hallgren syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the gene ALMS1.

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Andrew Wakefield

Andrew Jeremy Wakefield (born 1957) is a discredited former British doctor who became an anti-vaccine activist.

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Androgen-induced hermaphroditism

Androgen-induced hermaphroditism is a syndrome resulting from a hermaphroditic birth defect of the genital organs.

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Anencephaly

Anencephaly is the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp that occurs during embryonic development.

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Angelman syndrome

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a genetic disorder that mainly affects the nervous system.

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Animal models of depression

Animal models of depression are research tools used to investigate depression and action of antidepressants as a simulation to investigate the symptomatology and pathophysiology of depressive illness or used to screen novel antidepressants.

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Animal models of epilepsy

Animal models of epilepsy have helped to advance the understanding of how brains develop epilepsy (Epileptogenesis), and have been used in pre-clinical trials of antiepileptic drugs.

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Anodontia

In dentistry, anodontia, also called anodontia vera, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the congenital absence of all primary or permanent teeth.

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Antisynthetase syndrome

Anti-synthetase syndrome is an autoimmune disease associated with interstitial lung disease, dermatomyositis, and polymyositis.

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Aphalangia

Aphalangia is a syndrome with the characteristic absence of the phalanx bone on one or more digits.

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Ardalan–Shoja–Kiuru syndrome

Ardalan–Shoja–Kiuru syndrome is a clinical syndrome featuring hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis and retinitis pigmentosa.

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Arteriovenous malformation

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal connection between arteries and veins, bypassing the capillary system.

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Asperger syndrome

Asperger syndrome (AS), also known as Asperger's, is a developmental disorder characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests.

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Asymptomatic

In medicine, a disease is considered asymptomatic if a patient is a carrier for a disease or infection but experiences no symptoms.

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Athymhormic syndrome

Athymhormic syndrome (from the θυμός, which means mood or affect, and ὁρμή, which means impulse, drive, or appetite), or psychic akinesia, is a rare psychopathological and neurological syndrome characterized by extreme passivity, apathy, blunted affect, and a profound generalized loss of self-motivation and conscious thought.

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Atypical depression

Atypical depression, or depression with atypical features as it has been known in the DSM IV, is depression that shares many of the typical symptoms of the psychiatric syndromes major depression or dysthymia but is characterized by improved mood in response to positive events.

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Autism

Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication and by restricted and repetitive behavior.

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Ayazi syndrome

Ayazi syndrome (or Chromosome 21 Xq21 deletion syndrome) is a syndrome characterized by choroideremia, congenital deafness and obesity.

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Bardet–Biedl syndrome

Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathic human genetic disorder that produces many effects and affects many body systems.

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Beekeeping

Beekeeping (or apiculture) is the maintenance of bee colonies, commonly in man-made hives, by humans.

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Bipolar II disorder

Bipolar II disorder (BP-II; pronounced "type two bipolar" or "bipolar type two" disorder) is a bipolar spectrum disorder (see also Bipolar disorder) characterized by at least one episode of hypomania and at least one episode of major depression.

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Birth defect

A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is a condition present at birth regardless of its cause.

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Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (or "BRBNS", or "blue rubber bleb syndrome, or "blue rubber-bleb nevus", or "Bean syndrome") is a rare disorder that consists mainly of abnormal blood vessels affecting the gastrointestinal tract.

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Bohring–Opitz syndrome

Bohring–Opitz syndrome (BOS) is a medical syndrome caused by a mutation in the ASXL1 gene.

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Brachydactyly

Brachydactyly (Greek βραχύς.

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Breast cancer

Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue.

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Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease, also known as pseudogout and pyrophosphate arthropathy is a rheumatologic disorder with varied symptoms and signs arising from the resultant accumulation of crystals of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate in the connective tissues.

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Camptocormia

Camptocormia, also known as bent spine syndrome (BSS), is a symptom of a multitude of diseases that is most commonly seen in the elderly.

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Camptodactyly

Camptodactyly is a medical condition that causes one or more fingers to be permanently bent.

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Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

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Capillary leak syndrome

Capillary leak syndrome is characterized by the escape of blood plasma through capillary walls, from the blood circulatory system to surrounding tissues, muscle compartments, organs or body cavities.

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Cardiac fibroma

Cardiac fibroma, also known as cardiac fibromatosis, is a rare benign tumor of the heart that occurs primarily in infants and children.

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Cardinal sign (pathology)

In pathology, a cardinal sign or cardinal symptom is the primary or major clinical sign or symptom by which a diagnosis is made.

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Cat eye syndrome

Cat eye syndrome (CES), or Schmid–Fraccaro syndrome, is a rare condition caused by the short arm (p) and a small section of the long arm (q) of human chromosome 22 being present three (trisomic) or four times (tetrasomic) instead of the usual two times.

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Cat flu

Cat flu is the common name for a feline upper respiratory tract disease.

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Catarrh

Catarrh, or catarrhal inflammation, is inflammation of the mucous membranes in one of the airways or cavities of the body, usually with reference to the throat and paranasal sinuses.

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Catatonia

Catatonia is a state of psycho-motor immobility and behavioral abnormality manifested by stupor.

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Cause (medicine)

Cause, also known as etiology and aetiology, is the reason or origination of something.

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Causes of mental disorders

A mental disorder is "a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or psychological pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present disability or with a significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom." The causes of mental disorders are regarded as complex and varying depending on the particular disorder and the individual.

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Causes of schizophrenia

The causes of schizophrenia have been the subject of much debate, with various factors proposed and discounted or modified.

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CHARGE syndrome

CHARGE syndrome (formerly known as CHARGE association), is a rare syndrome caused by a genetic disorder.

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Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common side-effect of many cancer treatments.

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Child development

Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy.

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Child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome

Child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome (CSAAS) is a syndrome proposed by Roland C. Summit in 1983 to describe how he believed sexually abused children responded to ongoing sexual abuse.

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Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder

Chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is one of the many complications associated with chronic kidney disease.

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Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia

Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), also known as progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO), is a type of eye disorder characterized by slowly progressive inability to move the eyes and eyebrows.

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Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) ("multifocal" because it can erupt in different sites, primarily bones; "osteomyelitis" because it is very similar to that disease but appears to be without any infection), also known as chronic recurring multifocal osteomyelitis, is a rare condition (1:1,000,000), in which the bones have lesions, inflammation, and pain.

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Cilium

A cilium (the plural is cilia) is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells.

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Cinderella complex

The Cinderella complex was first described by Colette Dowling, who wrote a book on women's fear of independence – an unconscious desire to be taken care of by others.

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Classification of mental disorders

The classification of mental disorders is also known as psychiatric nosology or psychiatric taxonomy.

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Cleft lip and cleft palate

Cleft lip and cleft palate, also known as orofacial cleft, is a group of conditions that includes cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and both together (CLP).

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Clinodactyly

Clinodactyly (from the Ancient Greek κλίνειν klínein meaning "to bend" and δάκτυλος dáktulos meaning "digit") is a medical term describing the curvature of a digit (a finger or toe) in the plane of the palm, most commonly the fifth finger (the "little finger") towards the adjacent fourth finger (the "ring finger").

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Cockayne syndrome

Cockayne syndrome (CS), also called Neill-Dingwall syndrome, is a rare and fatal autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by growth failure, impaired development of the nervous system, abnormal sensitivity to sunlight (photosensitivity), eye disorders and premature aging.

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Colony collapse disorder

Colony collapse disorder (CCD) is the phenomenon that occurs when the majority of worker bees in a colony disappear and leave behind a queen, plenty of food and a few nurse bees to care for the remaining immature bees.

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Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema describes a medical syndrome involving both pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema.

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Comorbidity

In medicine, comorbidity is the presence of one or more additional diseases or disorders co-occurring with (that is, concomitant or concurrent with) a primary disease or disorder; in the countable sense of the term, a comorbidity (plural comorbidities) is each additional disorder or disease.

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Congenital disorder of glycosylation

A congenital disorder of glycosylation (previously called carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome) is one of several rare inborn errors of metabolism in which glycosylation of a variety of tissue proteins and/or lipids is deficient or defective.

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Congenital heart defect

A congenital heart defect (CHD), also known as a congenital heart anomaly or congenital heart disease, is a problem in the structure of the heart that is present at birth.

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Craniosynostosis

Craniosynostosis (from cranio, cranium; + syn, together; + ostosis relating to bone) is a condition in which one or more of the fibrous sutures in an infant (very young) skull prematurely fuses by turning into bone (ossification), thereby changing the growth pattern of the skull.

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Critical illness polyneuropathy

Critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) and critical illness myopathy (CIM) are overlapping syndromes of diffuse, symmetric, flaccid muscle weakness occurring in critically ill patients and involving all extremities and the diaphragm with relative sparing of the cranial nerves.

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Cronkhite–Canada syndrome

Cronkhite–Canada syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by multiple polyps of the digestive tract.

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Cult

The term cult usually refers to a social group defined by its religious, spiritual, or philosophical beliefs, or its common interest in a particular personality, object or goal.

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Cushing's syndrome

Cushing's syndrome is a collection of signs and symptoms due to prolonged exposure to cortisol.

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Cysteine

Cysteine (symbol Cys or C) is a semi-essential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2SH.

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Da Costa's syndrome

Da Costa's syndrome, which was colloquially known as soldier's heart, is a syndrome with a set of symptoms that are similar to those of heart disease, though a physical examination does not reveal any physiological abnormalities.

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Dandy–Walker syndrome

Dandy–Walker syndrome (DWS) is a rare group of congenital human brain malformations.

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Dapsone

Dapsone, also known as diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), is an antibiotic commonly used in combination with rifampicin and clofazimine for the treatment of leprosy.

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Deafblindness

Deafblindness is the condition of little or no useful sight and little or no useful hearing.

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DECIPHER

DECIPHER is a web-based resource and database of genomic variation data from analysis of patient DNA.

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Delayed puberty

Delayed puberty is described as delayed puberty with exceptions when an organism has passed the usual age of onset of puberty with no physical or hormonal signs that it is beginning.

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Dementia praecox

Dementia praecox (a "premature dementia" or "precocious madness") is a disused psychiatric diagnosis that originally designated a chronic, deteriorating psychotic disorder characterized by rapid cognitive disintegration, usually beginning in the late teens or early adulthood.

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Dennie–Marfan syndrome

Dennie–Marfan syndrome is a syndrome in which there is association of spastic paraplegia of the lower limbs and mental retardation in children with congenital syphilis.

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Denys–Drash syndrome

Denys–Drash syndrome (DDS) or Drash syndrome is a rare disorder or syndrome characterized by gonadal dysgenesis, nephropathy, and Wilms' tumor.

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Depression in childhood and adolescence

Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity.

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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and offers a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders.

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Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome, commonly abbreviated DDS, is the occurrence of neurologic signs and symptoms, attributed to cerebral edema, during or following shortly after intermittent hemodialysis.

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Disease

A disease is any condition which results in the disorder of a structure or function in an organism that is not due to any external injury.

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Donald Ewen Cameron

Donald Ewen Cameron (–) — known as D. Ewen Cameron or Ewen Cameron — was a Scottish-born psychiatrist who served as President of the American Psychiatric Association (1952–1953), Canadian Psychiatric Association (1958-1959), American Psychopathological Association (1963), Society of Biological Psychiatry (1965) and World Psychiatric Association (1961-1966).

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Dorian Gray syndrome

The Dorian Gray syndrome (DGS) denotes a cultural and societal phenomenon characterized by a man's extreme pride in his personal appearance and the fitness of his physique, which is accompanied by difficulties in coping with the requirements of psychological maturation and with the aging of his body.

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Dream Big (Jazmine Sullivan song)

"Dream Big" is a song by American recording artist Jazmine Sullivan.

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Dysmelia

Dysmelia (from Gr. δυσ- dys, "bad" + μέλ|ος mél|os, "limb" + Eng. suff. -ia) is a congenital disorder of a limb resulting from a disturbance in embryonic development.

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Dysmorphic feature

A dysmorphic feature is a difference of body structure.

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Early Islamic philosophy

Early Islamic philosophy or classical Islamic philosophy is a period of intense philosophical development beginning in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar (early 9th century CE) and lasting until the 6th century AH (late 12th century CE).

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EAST syndrome

EAST syndrome is a syndrome consisting of '''e'''pilepsy, '''a'''taxia (a movement disorder), '''s'''ensorineural deafness (deafness because of problems with the hearing nerve) and salt-wasting renal '''t'''ubulopathy (salt loss caused by kidney problems).

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Ectodermal dysplasia

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is not a single disorder but a group of syndromes all deriving from abnormalities of the ectodermal structures.

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Eiken syndrome

Eiken syndrome is a rare autosomal bone dysplasia with a skeletal phenotype which has been described in a unique consanguineous family, where it segregates as a recessive trait.

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Ellis–van Creveld syndrome

Ellis–van Creveld syndrome (also called chondroectodermal dysplasia or mesoectodermal dysplasia but see 'Nomenclature' section below) is a rare genetic disorder of the skeletal dysplasia type.

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Emil Kraepelin

Emil Kraepelin (15 February 1856 – 7 October 1926) was a German psychiatrist.

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Encephalopathy

Encephalopathy (from ἐγκέφαλος "brain" + πάθος "suffering") means any disorder or disease of the brain, especially chronic degenerative conditions.

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Endometrosis

Endometrosis is a chronic degenerative syndrome of the lining of the uterus (the endometrium) in mares.

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Endotype

An endotype is a subtype of a condition, which is defined by a distinct functional or pathobiological mechanism.

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Entanglement distillation

Entanglement distillation is the transformation of N copies of an arbitrary entangled state \rho into some number of approximately pure Bell pairs, using only local operations and classical communication (LOCC).

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Entity

An entity is something that exists as itself, as a subject or as an object, actually or potentially, concretely or abstractly, physically or not.

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Environmental dependency syndrome

Environmental dependency syndrome, also called Zelig syndrome or Zelig-like syndrome from the name of the protagonist of Woody Allen's Zelig, is a syndrome where the affected individual relies on environmental cues in order to accomplish goals or tasks.

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Epilepsy-intellectual disability in females

Epilepsy-intellectual disability in females also known as PCDH19 gene-related epilepsy or epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 9 (EIEE9), is a rare type of epilepsy that affects predominately females and is characterized by clusters of brief seizures, which start in infancy or early childhood, and is occasionally accompanied by varying degrees of cognitive impairment.

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Epiphenomenon

An epiphenomenon (plural: epiphenomena) is a secondary phenomenon that occurs alongside or in parallel to a primary phenomenon.

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Esophagus

The esophagus (American English) or oesophagus (British English), commonly known as the food pipe or gullet (gut), is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the stomach.

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Examples of data mining

Data mining, the process of discovering patterns in large data sets, has been used in many applications.

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Executive dysfunction

In psychology and neuroscience, executive dysfunction, or executive function deficit, is a disruption to the efficacy of the executive functions, which is a group of cognitive processes that regulate, control, and manage other cognitive processes.

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Exencephaly

Exencephaly, is a type of cephalic disorder wherein the brain is located outside of the skull.

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Exercise intolerance

Exercise intolerance is a condition of inability or decreased ability to perform physical exercise at what would be considered to be the normally expected level or duration.

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Fanconi syndrome

Fanconi syndrome or Fanconi's syndrome is a syndrome of inadequate reabsorption in the proximal renal tubules of the kidney.

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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a group of conditions that can occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy.

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Follicle-stimulating hormone insensitivity

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) insensitivity, or ovarian insensitivity to FSH in females, also referable to as ovarian follicle hypoplasia or granulosa cell hypoplasia in females, is a rare autosomal recessive genetic and endocrine syndrome affecting both females and males, with the former presenting with much greater severity of symptomatology.

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Frameshift mutation

A frameshift mutation (also called a framing error or a reading frame shift) is a genetic mutation caused by indels (insertions or deletions) of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three.

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Fred Rosen (physician)

Fred S. Rosen (May 25, 1930 – May 21, 2005) was a paediatrician and immunologist at Harvard Medical School, Harvard Center for Blood Research, and Children's Hospital of Boston.

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Freeman–Sheldon syndrome

Freeman–Sheldon syndrome (FSS), also termed distal arthrogryposis type 2A (DA2A), craniocarpotarsal dysplasia (or dystrophy), Cranio-carpo-tarsal syndrome, Windmill-Vane-Hand syndrome, or Whistling-face syndrome, was originally described by Freeman and Sheldon in 1938.

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Frontal lobe injury

The frontal lobe of the human brain is both relatively large in mass and less restricted in movement than the posterior portion of the brain.

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Gaspar Vibal

Gaspar A. Vibal is the executive director of Vibal Foundation.

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Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus

Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) is a syndromic autosomal dominant disorder where afflicted individuals can exhibit numerous epilepsy phenotypes.

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Gerodermia osteodysplastica

Gerodermia osteodysplastica (GO), also called geroderma osteodysplasticum and Walt Disney dwarfism, is a rare autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder included in the spectrum of cutis laxa syndromes.

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Gisella Giovenco

Gisella Giovenco (born Ferrara, 1946) is an Italian 20th century painter, stylist and publicist.

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Glossary of diabetes

The following is a glossary of diabetes which explains terms connected with diabetes.

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Glutamate flavoring

Glutamate flavoring is a generic name for flavor-enhancing compounds based on glutamic acid and its salts (glutamates).

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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone insensitivity

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) insensitivity is a rare autosomal recessive genetic and endocrine syndrome which is characterized by inactivating mutations of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) and thus an insensitivity of the receptor to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), resulting in a partial or complete loss of the ability of the gonads to synthesize the sex hormones.

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Gradenigo's syndrome

Gradenigo's syndrome, also called Gradenigo-Lannois syndrome, is a complication of otitis media and mastoiditis involving the apex of the petrous temporal bone.

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Grinspan's syndrome

Grinspan syndrome is a syndrome characterized by presence of the triad: essential hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and oral lichen planus.

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Group B streptococcal infection

Group B streptococcus infection, also known as Group B streptococcal disease, is the infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) (also known as group B streptococcus or GBS).

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Hallermann–Streiff syndrome

Hallermann–Streiff syndrome is a congenital disorder that affects growth, cranial development, hair growth and dental development.

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Hamman's syndrome

Hamman's syndrome, also known as Macklin's syndrome, is a syndrome of spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema (air in the subcutaneous tissues of the skin) and pneumomediastinum (air in the mediastinum, the center of the chest cavity), sometimes associated with pain and, less commonly, dyspnea (difficulty breathing), dysphonia, and a low-grade fever.

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Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is one of two potentially fatal syndromes of zoonotic origin caused by species of hantavirus.

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Heat stroke

Heat stroke, also known as sun stroke, is a type of severe heat illness that results in a body temperature greater than and confusion.

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Hemifacial microsomia

Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a congenital disorder that affects the development of the lower half of the face, most commonly the ears, the mouth and the mandible.

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Hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a disease characterized by a triad of hemolytic anemia (anemia caused by destruction of red blood cells), acute kidney failure (uremia), and a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia).

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Hepatopulmonary syndrome

In medicine, hepatopulmonary syndrome is a syndrome of shortness of breath and hypoxemia (low oxygen levels in the blood of the arteries) caused by vasodilation (broadening of the blood vessels) in the lungs of patients with liver disease.

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Heterogeneous condition

Heterogeneous medical condition in medicine are those medical conditions which have several etiologies, like hepatitis or diabetes.

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History of medical diagnosis

The history of medical diagnosis began in earnest from the days of Imhotep in ancient Egypt and Hippocrates in ancient Greece but is far from perfect despite the enormous bounty of information made available by medical research including the sequencing of the human genome.

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History of mental disorders

For thousands of years, humans have tried to explain and control problematic behavior.

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History of schizophrenia

The word schizophrenia was coined by the Swiss psychiatrist and eugenicist Eugen Bleuler in 1908, and was intended to describe the separation of function between personality, thinking, memory, and perception.

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Human cytomegalovirus

Human cytomegalovirus is a species of the virus genus Cytomegalovirus, which in turn is a member of the viral family known as Herpesviridae or herpesviruses.

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Hunter syndrome

Hunter syndrome, or mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), is a lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase (I2S).

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Hyperlexia

Hyperlexia is a syndrome characterized by a child's precocious ability to read.

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Hypoglossia

Hypoglossia is a short, incompletely developed tongue.

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Idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia

Idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a rare medical syndrome in which the body has too few CD4+ T lymphocytes, which are a kind of white blood cell.

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Impingement syndrome

Shoulder impingement syndrome, also called subacromial impingement, painful arc syndrome, supraspinatus syndrome, swimmer's shoulder, and thrower's shoulder, is a clinical syndrome which occurs when the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles become irritated and inflamed as they pass through the subacromial space, the passage beneath the acromion.

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Index of genetics articles

Genetics (from Ancient Greek γενετικός genetikos, “genite” and that from γένεσις genesis, “origin”), a discipline of biology, is the science of heredity and variation in living organisms.

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Index of HIV/AIDS-related articles

This is a list of AIDS-related topics, many of which were originally taken from the public domain U.S. Department of Health Glossary of HIV/AIDS-Related Terms, 4th Edition.

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Index of molecular biology articles

This is a list of topics in molecular biology.

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Infant respiratory distress syndrome

Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), also called neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), respiratory distress syndrome of newborn, or increasingly surfactant deficiency disorder (SDD), and previously called hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is a syndrome in premature infants caused by developmental insufficiency of pulmonary surfactant production and structural immaturity in the lungs.

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Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system

Inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs), sometimes called Idiopathic (IIDDs) because the unknown etiology of some of them, and sometimes known as borderline forms of multiple sclerosis, is a collection of multiple sclerosis variants, sometimes considered different diseases, but considered by others to form a spectrum differing only in terms of chronicity, severity, and clinical course.

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Insect sting allergy

Insect sting allergy is the term commonly given to the allergic response of an animal in response to the bite or sting of an insect.

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Instance-based learning

In machine learning, instance-based learning (sometimes called memory-based learning) is a family of learning algorithms that, instead of performing explicit generalization, compares new problem instances with instances seen in training, which have been stored in memory.

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Insulin-like growth factor 1

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), also called somatomedin C, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGF1 gene.

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Intraflagellar transport

Intraflagellar transport or IFT is a bidirectional motility along axonemal microtubules that is essential for the formation (ciliogenesis) and maintenance of most eukaryotic cilia and flagella.

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Ion channel

Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore.

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Irlen syndrome

Irlen syndrome, occasionally referred to as scotopic sensitivity syndrome (SSS) or Meares-Irlen syndrome, very rarely as asfedia, and recently also as visual stress, is a proposed disorder of vision.

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Islamic philosophy

In the religion of Islam, two words are sometimes translated as philosophy—falsafa (literally "philosophy"), which refers to philosophy as well as logic, mathematics, and physics; and Kalam (literally "speech"), which refers to a rationalist form of Islamic philosophy and theology based on the interpretations of Aristotelianism and Neoplatonism as developed by medieval Muslim philosophers.

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Jan Mohr

Jan Gunnar Faye Mohr, (10 January 1921 – 17 March 2009) was a Norwegian-Danish physician and geneticist, known for his discovery of the first cases of autosomal genetic linkage in man, between the Lutheran blood groups and the ABH-secretor system, and between these and the hereditary disease myotonic dystrophy.

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Jean Lhermitte

For the Navy officer, see Jean-Marthe-Adrien l'Hermite Jacques Jean Lhermitte (20 January 1877 – 24 January 1959) was a French neurologist and neuropsychiatrist.

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Jerusalem syndrome

Jerusalem syndrome is a group of mental phenomena involving the presence of either religiously themed obsessive ideas, delusions or other psychosis-like experiences that are triggered by a visit to the city of Jerusalem.

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John H. Edwards

John Hilton Edwards (26 March 1928 – 11 October 2007) was a British medical geneticist.

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Johnson–Munson syndrome

Aphalangy, hemivertebrae and urogenital-intestinal dysgenesis is an extremely rare syndrome, described only in three siblings.

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Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), also known as Janz syndrome, is a fairly common form of idiopathic generalized epilepsy, representing 5-10% of all epilepsy cases.

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Katz syndrome

Katz Syndrome is a rare congenital disorder, presenting as a polymalformative syndrome characterized by enlarged viscera, hepatomegaly, diabetes, and skeletal anomalies that result in a short stature, cranial hyperostosis, and typical facial features.

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König's syndrome

König's syndrome (synonym ileocaecal valve syndrome) is a syndrome of abdominal pain in relation to meals, constipation alternated with diarrhea, meteorism, gurgling sounds (hyper-peristalsis) on auscultation (especially in the right iliac fossa), and abdominal distension.

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Keratocystic odontogenic tumour

An odontogenic keratocyst is a rare and benign but locally aggressive developmental cyst.

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Ketogenic diet

The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that in medicine is used primarily to treat difficult-to-control (refractory) epilepsy in children.

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Kinase

In biochemistry, a kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups from high-energy, phosphate-donating molecules to specific substrates.

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Klaus Patau

Klaus Patau (1908–1975; born Klaus Pätau) was a German-born American geneticist.

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Klüver–Bucy syndrome

Klüver–Bucy syndrome is a syndrome resulting from bilateral lesions of the medial temporal lobe (including amygdaloid nucleus).

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Klotho (biology)

Klotho is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KL gene.

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Kostmann syndrome

Kostmann syndrome is a group of diseases that affect myelopoiesis, causing a congenital form of neutropenia (severe congenital neutropenia), usually without other physical malformations.

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Lactose intolerance

Lactose intolerance is a condition in which people have symptoms due to the decreased ability to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products.

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Lacunar stroke

Lacunar stroke or lacunar infarct (LACI) is the most common type of ischaemic stroke, and results from the occlusion of small penetrating arteries that provide blood to the brain's deep structures.

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Landau–Kleffner syndrome

Landau–Kleffner syndrome (LKS)—also called infantile acquired aphasia, acquired epileptic aphasia or aphasia with convulsive disorder—is a rare childhood neurological syndrome.

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Lennox–Gastaut syndrome

Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a childhood-onset epilepsy that most often appears between the second and sixth year of life.

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Leydig cell hypoplasia

Leydig cell hypoplasia (or aplasia) (LCH), also known as Leydig cell agenesis, is a rare autosomal recessive genetic and endocrine syndrome affecting an estimated 1 in 1,000,000 genetic males.

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List of eponymously named diseases

An eponymous disease is a disease named after a person: usually the physician who first identified the disease or, less commonly, a patient who suffered from the disease.

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List of geneticists

This is a list of people who have made notable contributions to genetics.

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List of Greek and Latin roots in English/D

Category:Lists of words.

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List of ICD-9 codes 290–319: mental disorders

Here's the list of the ICD-9 codes 290–319: mental disorders.

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List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes

This is a list of roots, suffixes, and prefixes used in medical terminology, their meanings, and their etymology.

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List of medical textbooks

This is a list of medical textbooks, manuscripts, and reference works.

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List of MeSH codes (C23)

The following is a list of the "C" codes for MeSH.

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List of syndromes

This is an alphabetically-sorted list of medical syndromes.

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Logic in Islamic philosophy

Early Islamic law placed importance on formulating standards of argument, which gave rise to a "novel approach to logic" (منطق manṭiq "speech, eloquence") in Kalam (Islamic scholasticism) However, with the rise of the Mu'tazili philosophers, who highly valued Aristotle's Organon, this approach was displaced by the older ideas from Hellenistic philosophy, The works of al-Farabi, Avicenna, al-Ghazali and other Persian Muslim logicians who often criticized and corrected Aristotelian logic and introduced their own forms of logic, also played a central role in the subsequent development of European logic during the Renaissance.

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Long face syndrome

Long face syndrome, also referred to as skeletal open bite, is a relatively common condition characterised by excessive vertical facial development.

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Lottery (novel)

Lottery is a 2007 novel by Patricia Wood.

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Luc Montagnier

Luc Antoine Montagnier (born 18 August 1932) is a French virologist and joint recipient with Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Harald zur Hausen of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

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Lyme disease

Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the Borrelia type which is spread by ticks.

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Malignant narcissism

Malignant narcissism is a psychological syndrome comprising an extreme mix of narcissism, antisocial behavior, aggression, and sadism.

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Malnutrition–inflammation complex

Malnutrition–inflammation complex (syndrome), abbreviated as "MICS" and also known as "malnutrition–inflammation–cachexia syndrome", is a common condition in chronic disease states such as chronic kidney disease (where it is also known as uremic malnutrition or protein–energy malnutrition) and chronic heart failure.

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Malpuech facial clefting syndrome

Malpuech facial clefting syndrome, also called Malpuech syndrome or Gypsy type facial clefting syndrome, is a rare congenital syndrome.

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Marshall–Smith syndrome

Marshall-Smith Syndrome, discovered in 1971 (Marshall, Graham, Scott, Boner, & Smith), is characterized by unusual accelerated skeletal maturation (usually starting before birth) and symptoms like conspicuous physical characteristics, respiratory difficulties, and mental retardation.

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Maschen-Draht-Zaun

"Maschen-Draht-Zaun" is a country music song by Stefan Raab.

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Maternal deprivation

The term maternal deprivation is a catch-phrase summarising the early work of psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, John Bowlby on the effects of separating infants and young children from their mother (or mother substitute) although the effect of loss of the mother on the developing child had been considered earlier by Freud and other theorists.

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Meckel syndrome

Meckel syndrome (also known as Meckel–Gruber syndrome, Gruber syndrome, dysencephalia splanchnocystica) is a rare, lethal, ciliopathic, genetic disorder, characterized by renal cystic dysplasia, central nervous system malformations (occipital encephalocele), polydactyly (post axial), hepatic developmental defects, and pulmonary hypoplasia due to oligohydramnios.

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Medical error

A medical error is a preventable adverse effect of care, whether or not it is evident or harmful to the patient.

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Meningism

Meningism, also called meningismus or pseudomeningitis, is a set of symptoms similar to those of meningitis but not caused by meningitis.

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Mental disorder

A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.

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Mental health in the Middle East

The study of mental health in the Middle East is an area of research that continues to grow in its scope and content.

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Metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome, sometimes known by other names, is a clustering of at least three of the five following medical conditions: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high serum triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels.

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Michael A. O'Donnell

Michael A. O'Donnell (born June 17, 1956, in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania) is a best-selling author, researcher, and international lecturer with a Ph.D. from Kansas State University and is best known for his Adolescent Wellness Research Project, co-conducted with family strengths scholar Nick Stinnett, Ph.D., a professor with the University of Alabama.

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Michael Fossel

Michael B. Fossel, M.D., Ph.D. (born 1950, Greenwich, Connecticut) was a professor of clinical medicine at Michigan State University and is the author of several books on aging, who is best known for his views on telomerase therapy as a possible treatment for cellular senescence.

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Michael Lesch

Michael Lesch (June 30, 1939 – March 19, 2008) was a distinguished Jewish American physician and medical educator who helped identify an important genetic disorder associated with retardation and self-mutilation.

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Michels syndrome

Michels syndrome is a syndrome characterised by intellectual disability, craniosynostosis, blepharophimosis, ptosis, epicanthus inversus, highly arched eyebrows, and hypertelorism.

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Microcephaly

Microcephaly is a medical condition in which the brain does not develop properly resulting in a smaller than normal head.

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Microstomia

Microstomia (micro- a combining form meaning small + -stomia a combining form meaning mouth.

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Mucometrocolpos

Mucometrocolpos is the abnormal accumulation of genital secretions (mucous) that occurs as a result of an imperforate hymen and the build up of these secretions behind the hymen.

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Muir–Torre syndrome

Muir–Torre syndrome (MTS) is a rare hereditary, autosomal dominant cancer syndrome that is thought to be a subtype of HNPCC.

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Multicystic dysplastic kidney

Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is a condition that results from the malformation of the kidney during fetal development.

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Multiple endocrine neoplasia

The term multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) encompasses several distinct syndromes featuring tumors of endocrine glands, each with its own characteristic pattern.

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Multiple hamartoma syndrome

Multiple hamartoma syndrome is a syndrome characterized by more than one hamartoma.

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Myofascial pain syndrome

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS), also known as chronic myofascial pain (CMP), is a syndrome characterized by chronic pain in multiple myofascial trigger points ("knots") and fascial (connective tissue) constrictions.

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Narcissism

Narcissism is the pursuit of gratification from vanity or egotistic admiration of one's own attributes.

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Nasodigitoacoustic syndrome

Nasodigitoacoustic syndrome, also called Keipert syndrome, is a rare congenital syndrome first described by J.A. Keipert and colleagues in 1973.

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Navicular syndrome

Navicular syndrome, often called navicular disease, is a syndrome of lameness problems in horses.

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Neotenic complex syndrome

Neotenic complex syndrome (NCS) is a syndrome that presents an extreme form of developmental delay, with the defining characteristic being neoteny of the patient.

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Nephritic syndrome

Nephritic syndrome (or acute nephritic syndrome) is a syndrome comprising signs of nephritis, which is kidney disease involving inflammation.

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Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) or nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy (NFD) is a rare and serious syndrome that involves fibrosis of skin, joints, eyes, and internal organs.

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Nephrops norvegicus

Nephrops norvegicus, known variously as the Norway lobster, Dublin Bay prawn, langoustine (compare langostino) or scampi, is a slim, orange-pink lobster which grows up to long, and is "the most important commercial crustacean in Europe".

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Neurodevelopmental disorder

Neurodevelopmental disorder is a mental disorder.

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New daily persistent headache

New daily persistent headache (NDPH) is a primary headache syndrome which can mimic chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache.

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NINCDS-ADRDA Alzheimer's Criteria

The NINCDS-ADRDA Alzheimer's Criteria were proposed in 1984 by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (now known as the Alzheimer's Association) and are among the most used in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

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Nitrogen narcosis

Narcosis while diving (also known as nitrogen narcosis, inert gas narcosis, raptures of the deep, Martini effect) is a reversible alteration in consciousness that occurs while diving at depth.

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Non-allelic homologous recombination

Non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) is a form of homologous recombination that occurs between two lengths of DNA that have high sequence similarity, but are not alleles.

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Norbert Ortner

Norbert Ortner (August 10, 1865 – March 1, 1935) was an Austrian internist, whose name is associated with two cardiovascular syndromes.

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Nosology

Nosology is a classification scheme used in medicine to classify diseases.

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Olfactory reference syndrome

Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is a psychiatric condition in which there is a persistent false belief and preoccupation with the idea of emitting abnormal body odors which the patient thinks that are foul and offensive to other individuals.

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One and a half syndrome

The one and a half syndrome is a rare weakness in eye movement affecting both eyes, in which one cannot move laterally at all, and the other can move in only one lateral direction (inward or outward).

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Organic brain syndrome

An organic brain syndrome (OBS), also known as an organic brain disease/disorder (OBD), an organic mental syndrome (OMS), or an organic mental disorder (OMD), is a syndrome or disorder of mental function whose cause is alleged to be known as organic (physiologic) rather than purely of the mind.

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Orofaciodigital syndrome 1

Orofaciodigital syndrome 1 (OFD1), also called Papillon-League and Psaume syndrome, is an X-linked congenital disorder characterized by malformations of the face, oral cavity, and digits with polycystic kidney disease and variable involvement of the central nervous system.

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Orthostatic intolerance

Orthostatic intolerance (OI) is the development of symptoms when standing upright which are relieved when reclining.

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Ortner's syndrome

Ortner's syndrome is a rare cardiovocal syndrome and refers to recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy from cardiovascular disease.

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Outer ear

The outer ear, external ear, or auris externa is the external portion of the ear, which consists of the auricle (also pinna) and the ear canal.

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Outline of genetics

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to genetics: Genetics – science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.

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Pacak–Zhuang syndrome

The Pacak-Zhuang syndrome is a recently described disease manifestation in females that includes multiple paragangliomas and somatostatinomas (in some), both neuroendocrine tumors, and secondary polycythemia associated with high erythropoietin levels.

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Pacemaker syndrome

Pacemaker syndrome is a disease that represents the clinical consequences of suboptimal atrioventricular (AV) synchrony or AV dyssynchrony, regardless of the pacing mode, after pacemaker implantation.

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Paraneoplastic syndrome

A paraneoplastic syndrome is a syndrome (a set of signs and symptoms) that is the consequence of cancer in the body, but unlike mass effect, is not due to the local presence of cancer cells.

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Parkinsonism

Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome characterized by tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability.

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Parthanatos

Parthanatos (derived from the Greek Θάνατος, "Death") is a form of programmed cell death that is distinct from other cell death processes such as necrosis and apoptosis.

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Pashayan syndrome

Pashayan syndrome, also known as Pashayan–Prozansky Syndrome and blepharo-naso-facial syndrome, is a rare syndrome.

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Patau syndrome

Patau syndrome is a syndrome caused by a chromosomal abnormality, in which some or all of the cells of the body contain extra genetic material from chromosome 13.

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Pediatric surgery

Pediatric surgery is a subspecialty of surgery involving the surgery of fetuses, infants, children, adolescents, and young adults.

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Pelvic floor dysfunction

Pelvic floor dysfunction is an umbrella term for a variety of disorders that occur when pelvic floor muscles and ligaments are impaired.

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Penza Oblast

Penza Oblast (Пе́нзенская о́бласть, Penzenskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast).

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Peters-plus syndrome

Peters plus syndrome (Krause–van Schooneveld–Kivlin syndrome) is a hereditary syndrome that mainly affects the eyes, growth and development of the individual.

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Peutz–Jeghers syndrome

Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (often abbreviated PJS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by the development of benign hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and hyperpigmented macules on the lips and oral mucosa (melanosis).

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Phenotype (clinical medicine)

In a nosological sense, the term phenotype can be used in clinical medicine for speaking about the presentation of a disease.

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Physical disorder

A physical disorder (as a medical term) is often used as a term in contrast to a mental disorder, in an attempt to differentiate medical disorders that have an available mechanical test (such as chemical tests or brain scans), from those disorders which have no laboratory or imaging test, and are diagnosed only by behavioral syndrome (such as those in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Differentiating the physical disorders from mental disorders can be a difficult problem in both medicine and law, most notably because it delves into deep issues, and very old and unresolved arguments in philosophy and religion. Many materialists believe that all mental disorders are physical disorders of some kind, even if tests for them have not yet been developed (and it has been the case that some disorders once widely thought to be purely mental, are known to have physical origins, such as schizophrenia). Some recognized physical disorders produce significant behavioral changes. For example, fever, head trauma, and hyperthyroidism can produce delirium. Category:Medical terminology.

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Physiology of underwater diving

Physiology of underwater diving is the physiological influences of the underwater environment on the physiology of air-breathing animals, and the adaptations to operating underwater, both during breath-hold dives and while breathing at ambient pressure from a suitable breathing gas supply.

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Pierre Robin syndrome

Pierre Robin syndrome (abbreviated to PRS, and also known as Pierre Robin sequence, Pierre Robin malformation, Pierre Robin anomaly or Pierre Robin anomalad) is a congenital condition of facial abnormalities in humans.

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Pituitary adenoma

Pituitary adenomas are tumors that occur in the pituitary gland.

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Pivagabine

Pivagabine (INN; brand name Tonerg), also known as N-pivaloyl-γ-aminobutyric acid or N-pivaloyl-GABA, is an antidepressant and anxiolytic drug which was introduced in Italy in 1997 for the treatment of depressive and maladaptive syndromes.

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POEMS syndrome

POEMS syndrome (also termed osteosclerotic myeloma, Crow–Fukase syndrome, Takatsuki disease, or PEP syndrome) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome caused by a clone of aberrant plasma cells.

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Polydactyly

Polydactyly or polydactylism, also known as hyperdactyly, is a congenital physical anomaly in humans and animals resulting in supernumerary fingers and/or toes.

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Polymicrogyria

Polymicrogyria (PMG) is a condition that affects the development of the human brain by multiple small gyri (microgyri) creating excessive folding of the brain leading to an abnormally thick cortex.

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Polysomy

Polysomy is a condition found in many species, including fungi, plants, insects, and mammals, in which an organism has at least one more chromosome than normal, i.e., there may be three or more copies of the chromosome rather than the expected two copies.

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Popliteal pterygium syndrome

Popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS) is an inherited condition affecting the face, limbs, and genitalia.

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Port-wine stain

A port-wine stain (nevus flammeus), also commonly called a firemark, is a discoloration of the human skin caused by a vascular anomaly (a capillary malformation in the skin).

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Post-concussion syndrome

Post-concussion syndrome, also known as postconcussive syndrome or PCS, is a set of symptoms that may continue for weeks, months, or a year or more after a concussion – a mild form of traumatic brain injury (TBI).

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Post-intensive care syndrome

Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) describes a collection of health disorders that are common among patients who survive critical illness and intensive care.

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Post-vasectomy pain syndrome

Post-vasectomy pain syndrome is a chronic and sometimes debilitating genital pain condition that may develop immediately or several years after vasectomy.

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Posterior ramus syndrome

Posterior ramus syndrome, also referred to as thoracolumbar junction syndrome, Maigne syndrome and dorsal ramus syndrome is caused by the unexplained activation of the primary division of a posterior ramus of a spinal nerve (dorsal ramus of spinal nerve).

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Postorgasmic illness syndrome

Postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS) is a syndrome in which men have chronic physical and cognitive symptoms immediately following ejaculation in the absence of a local genital reaction.

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Potter sequence

Potter sequence is the atypical physical appearance of a baby due to oligohydramnios experienced when in the uterus.

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Prediabetes

Prediabetes is the precursor stage before diabetes mellitus in which not all of the symptoms required to diagnose diabetes are present, but blood sugar is abnormally high.

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Prevalence

Prevalence in epidemiology is the proportion of a particular population found to be affected by a medical condition (typically a disease or a risk factor such as smoking or seat-belt use).

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Primary ciliary dyskinesia

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), also called immotile ciliary syndrome or Kartagener syndrome, is a rare, ciliopathic, autosomal recessive genetic disorder that causes defects in the action of cilia lining the respiratory tract (lower and upper, sinuses, Eustachian tube, middle ear), fallopian tube, and flagella of sperm cells.

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Propofol infusion syndrome

Propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) is a rare syndrome which affects patients undergoing long-term treatment with high doses of the anaesthetic and sedative drug propofol.

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Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a group of rare lung disorders characterized by abnormal accumulation of surfactant-derived lipoprotein compounds within the alveoli of the lung.

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Purple urine bag syndrome

For other uses see PUBS (disambiguation page) Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is a medical syndrome where purple discoloration of urine occurs in people with urinary catheters and co-existent urinary tract infection.

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Purtscher's retinopathy

Putscher's retinopathy is a disease where part of the eye (retina) is damaged.

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Radiation enteropathy

Radiation enteropathy or radiation enteritis is a syndrome that may develop following abdominal or pelvic radiation therapy for cancer.

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Rajesh Thakker

Rajesh Vasantlal Thakker (born 1954) is May Professor of Medicine in the Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Somerville College, Oxford.

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Ramón Carrillo

Ramón Carrillo (March 7, 1906 – December 20, 1956), was an Argentine neurosurgeon, neurobiologist, physician, academic, public health advocate, and from 1949 to 1954 the nation's first Minister of Health.

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Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a syndrome of the kidney that is characterized by a rapid loss of renal function, Citing: McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine.

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Reactive airway disease

Reactive airway disease is a group of conditions that include reversible airway narrowing due to an external stimulation.

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Refeeding syndrome

Refeeding syndrome is a syndrome consisting of metabolic disturbances that occur as a result of reinstitution of nutrition to patients who are starved, severely malnourished or metabolically stressed due to severe illness.

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Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema

Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema (abbreviated RS3PE or sometimes RS3PE) is a rare syndrome identified by symmetric polyarthritis, synovitis, acute pitting edema (swelling) of the back of the hands and/or feet, and a negative serum rheumatoid factor.

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Retinitis pigmentosa

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a genetic disorder of the eyes that causes loss of vision.

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Richard A. Gardner

Richard Alan Gardner (April 28, 1931 – May 25, 2003) was an American psychiatrist known for researching parental alienation syndrome (PAS), widely understood to describe when parents with children divorce, one parent (usually the custodial parent) purposely alienates the child or children from the non-custodial parent.

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Richard Bentall

Richard Bentall, FBA (born 30 September 1956) is a Professor of Clinical Psychology at the University of Liverpool in the UK.

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Riga–Fede disease

Riga–Fede disease (or syndrome) is a rare condition in infants characterized by ulceration on the ventral surface of the tongue or on the inner surface of the lower lip.

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Rosselli–Gulienetti syndrome

Rosselli–Gulienetti syndrome, also known as Zlotogora–Ogur syndrome and Bowen–Armstrong syndrome, is a type of congenital ectodermal dysplasia syndrome.

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Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome

Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RTS), also known as broad thumb-hallux syndrome or Rubinstein syndrome, is a condition characterized by short stature, moderate to severe learning difficulties, distinctive facial features, and broad thumbs and first toes.

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Runting-stunting syndrome in broilers

Runting-stunting syndrome in broilers is a syndrome described in broilers since the 1940s, but often with specific etiological appellations (viral enteritis, malabsorption syndrome, brittle bone disease, infectious proventriculitis, helicopter disease and pale bird syndrome).

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SAHA syndrome

SAHA syndrome, also known as dermatological androgenization syndrome, is a medical syndrome characterized by '''s'''eborrhoea, '''a'''cne, '''h'''irsutism and '''a'''lopecia, and was first described in 1982.

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Sandifer syndrome

Sandifer syndrome (or Sandifer's syndrome) is an eponymous paediatric medical disorder, characterised by gastrointestinal symptoms and associated neurological features.

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Schizoaffective disorder

Schizoaffective disorder (SZA, SZD or SAD) is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal thought processes and deregulated emotions.

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Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to understand reality.

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Schnitzler syndrome

Schnitzler syndrome is a rare disease characterised by onset around middle age of chronic hives (urticaria) and periodic fever, bone pain and joint pain (sometimes with joint inflammation), weight loss, malaise, fatigue, swollen lymph glands and enlarged spleen and liver.

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Secondary hypertension

Secondary hypertension (or, less commonly, inessential hypertension) is a type of hypertension which by definition is caused by an identifiable underlying primary cause.

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Senior–Løken syndrome

Senior–Løken syndrome is a congenital eye disorder, first characterized in 1961.

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Septo-optic dysplasia

Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD), (de Morsier syndrome) is a rare congenital malformation syndrome featuring underdevelopment of the optic nerve, pituitary gland dysfunction, and absence of the septum pellucidum (a midline part of the brain).

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Sequence (medicine)

In medicine, a sequence is a series of ordered consequences due to a single cause.

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Shawl scrotum

Shawl scrotum is a condition in which the scrotum surrounds the penis, resembling a 'shawl'.

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Shifting baseline

A shifting baseline (also known as sliding baseline) is a type of change to how a system is measured, usually against previous reference points (baselines), which themselves may represent significant changes from an even earlier state of the system.

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Shprintzen–Goldberg syndrome

Shprintzen–Goldberg syndrome is a multiple anomaly syndrome that has craniosynostosis, multiple abdominal hernias, cognitive impairment, and other skeletal malformations as key features.

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Sluggish cognitive tempo

Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is the term for a syndrome that may comprise a novel and distinct attention disorder from ADHD.

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Snacking

Snacking does not have a concrete definition.

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Societal and cultural aspects of Tourette syndrome

Societal and cultural aspects of Tourette syndrome include legal, advocacy and health insurance issues, awareness of notable individuals with Tourette syndrome, and treatment of TS in the media and popular culture.

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Spectrum disorder

A spectrum disorder is a mental disorder that includes a range of linked conditions, sometimes also extending to include singular symptoms and traits.

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Spinocerebellar ataxia

Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), also known as spinocerebellar atrophy or spinocerebellar degeneration, is a progressive, degenerative, genetic disease with multiple types, each of which could be considered a disease in its own right.

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Split hand syndrome

In medicine, split hand syndrome is a neurological syndrome in which the hand muscles on the side of the thumb (lateral, thenar eminence) appear wasted, whereas the muscles on the side of the little finger (medial, hypothenar eminence) are spared.

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Stabilizer code

The theory of quantum error correction plays a prominent role in the practical realization and engineering of quantum computing and quantum communication devices.

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Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), also known as pemphigus neonatorum or Ritter's disease, or localized bullous impetigo is a dermatological condition caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

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Stephen R. Bloom

Sir Stephen Robert Bloom FRS is a Professor of Medicine at Imperial College London where he leads the Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism division.

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Steven James Bartlett

Steven James Bartlett (born 1945) is an American philosopher and psychologist notable for his studies in epistemology and the theory of reflexivity, and for his work on the psychology of human aggression and destructiveness, and the shortcomings of psychological normality.

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Stomach cancer

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is cancer developing from the lining of the stomach.

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Streptococcus agalactiae

Streptococcus agalactiae (also known as group B streptococcus or GBS) is a gram-positive coccus (round bacterium) with a tendency to form chains (as reflected by the genus name Streptococcus).

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TAN syndrome

Tegumental angiomyxoma-neurothekeoma (TAN syndrome) is a syndrome, an acronym, and eponym proposed by Malaysian ophthalmologist of Chinese Descent, Tan Aik Kah (b. June 1975).

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Tardive dysphrenia

Tardive dysphrenia, was proposed by the American neurologist Stanley Fahn, the head of the Division of Movements Disorders of the Neurological Institute of New York, in collaboration with the psychiatrist David V Forrest in the 1970s.

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Temporomandibular joint dysfunction

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD, TMJD) is an umbrella term covering pain and dysfunction of the muscles of mastication (the muscles that move the jaw) and the temporomandibular joints (the joints which connect the mandible to the skull).

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Thomas Szasz

Thomas Stephen Szasz (Szász Tamás István; 15 April 1920 – 8 September 2012) was a Hungarian-American academic, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst.

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Thrombotic storm

Blood clots are a relatively common occurrence in the general population and are seen in approximately 1-2% of the population by age 60.

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Thyroid hormone resistance

Thyroid hormone resistance (sometimes Refetoff syndrome) describes a rare syndrome in which the thyroid hormone levels are elevated but the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level is not suppressed, or not completely suppressed as would be expected.

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Tick-borne encephalitis

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease involving the central nervous system.

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Timeline of cardiovascular disease

This is a timeline of cardiovascular disease, focusing on scientific development and major worldwide organizations and events concerning CVD.

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Timeline of measles

This is a timeline of measles, describing major events, such as vaccine releases, historic epidemics, and major organizations.

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Tourette syndrome

Tourette syndrome (TS or simply Tourette's) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood, characterized by multiple motor tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic.

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Toxidrome

A toxidrome (a portmanteau of toxic and syndrome) is a syndrome caused by a dangerous level of toxins in the body.

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Transient synovitis

Transient synovitis of the hip (also called toxic synovitis; see below for more synonyms) is a self-limiting condition in which there is an inflammation of the inner lining (the synovium) of the capsule of the hip joint.

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Transplant rejection

Transplant rejection occurs when transplanted tissue is rejected by the recipient's immune system, which destroys the transplanted tissue.

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Trigonocephaly

Trigonocephaly (from Greek trigonon, "triangle", and kephale, "head") is a congenital condition of premature fusion of the metopic suture (from Greek metopon, "forehead"), leading to a triangular shaped forehead.

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Tubular proteinuria

Tubular proteinuria is proteinuria (excessive protein in the urine) caused by renal tubular dysfunction.

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Ulysses syndrome

Ulysses Syndrome (Immigrant Syndrome of Chronic and Multiple Stress) is an atypical set of depressive, anxious, dissociative, and somatoform symptoms that results from being exposed to extreme levels of stress unique to the process of modern migration.

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Uner Tan syndrome

Uner Tan syndrome, Unertan syndrome or UTS is a syndrome proposed by the Turkish evolutionary biologist Üner Tan.

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Urban survival syndrome

The urban survival syndrome, in United States jurisprudence, can be used either as a defense of justification or of excuse.

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Usher syndrome

Usher syndrome, also known as Hallgren syndrome, Usher-Hallgren syndrome, retinitis pigmentosa-dysacusis syndrome, or dystrophia retinae dysacusis syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in any one of at least 11 genes resulting in a combination of hearing loss and visual impairment.

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VACTERL association

The VACTERL association (also VATER association) refers to a recognized group of birth defects which tend to have a non-random occurrence (see below).

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Vaginal anomalies

Vaginal anomalies are abnormal structures that are formed (or not formed) during the prenatal development of the female reproductive system and are rare congenital defects that result in an abnormal or absent vagina.

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Vagotonia

Vagotonia is the state of the autonomic nervous system in which the equilibrium between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system is biased towards the parasympathetic, the opposite phenomenon being sympatheticotonia.

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Vascular access steal syndrome

In nephrology, vascular access steal syndrome or dialysis-associated steal syndrome (DASS) is a syndrome caused by ischemia (not enough blood flow) resulting from a vascular access device (such as an arteriovenous fistula or synthetic vascular graft–AV fistula) that was installed to provide access for the inflow and outflow of blood during hemodialysis.

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Vascular anomaly

A vascular anomaly is a kind of birthmark caused by a disorder of the vascular development, although it is not always present at birth.

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Vertebral subluxation

In chiropractic, a vertebral subluxation is a purported misalignment of the spinal column, not necessarily visible on X-rays, leading to a set of signs and symptoms sometimes termed vertebral subluxation complex.

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Victor Skumin

Victor Andreevich Skumin (p, born 30 August 1948) is a Russian and Soviet scientist, psychiatrist, psychotherapist and psychologist.

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VOC contamination of groundwater

VOCs (volatile organic compounds) are a dangerous contaminant of groundwater, leading to groundwater pollution.

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WAGR syndrome

WAGR syndrome (also known as WAGR complex, Wilms tumour-aniridia syndrome, aniridia-Wilms tumour syndrome) is a rare genetic syndrome in which affected children are predisposed to develop '''W'''ilms tumour (a tumour of the kidneys), '''A'''niridia (absence of the coloured part of the eye, the iris), '''G'''enitourinary anomalies, and mental '''R'''etardation.

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Wallis–Zieff–Goldblatt syndrome

Wallis–Zieff–Goldblatt syndrome is a rare condition characterized by inherited skeletal disorders manifested mainly as rhizomelic short stature and lateral clavicular defects.

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West Nile fever

West Nile fever is a viral infection typically spread by mosquitoes.

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White hand sign

The white hand sign is a medical sign observed as a visible whitening of skin on the hand when the subject elevates the hands above the shoulder girdle with fingers pointing to the ceiling and palms facing forward.

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Wide World of Sports (U.S. TV series)

ABC's Wide World of Sports is an American sports anthology television program that aired on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) from April 29, 1961 to January 3, 1998, primarily on Saturday afternoons.

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Wilson–Mikity syndrome

Wilson–Mikity syndrome, also known as pulmonary dysmaturity syndrome, is a rare lung condition that affects low birth weight babies.

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XYY syndrome

XYY syndrome is a genetic condition in which a male has an extra Y chromosome.

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Yellow nail syndrome

Yellow nail syndrome, also known as "primary lymphedema associated with yellow nails and pleural effusion", is a very rare medical syndrome that includes pleural effusions, lymphedema (due to under development of the lymphatic vessels) and yellow dystrophic nails.

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Zunich–Kaye syndrome

Zunich–Kaye syndrome, also known as Zunich neuroectodermal syndrome, is a rare congenital ichthyosis first described in 1983.

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1978 in science

The year 1978 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

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2p15-16.1 microdeletion syndrome

2p15-16.1 microdeletion is a rare genetic disorder caused by a small deletion in the short arm of human chromosome 2.

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Abstinence syndromes, Genetic syndrome, Psychiatric syndrome, Psychiatric syndromes, Psychopathological syndrome, Psychopathological syndromes, Subsyndromal, Syndromes, Withrawal symptoms, Withrawal syndrome, Withrawal syndromes.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndrome

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