Communication

2500 relations: A Green New Deal, A Northern Light, A. F. Ferguson & Co., Abacus school, Abgeltungsteuer, Abir Congo Company, Abu Dis Waste Disposal Site, Abu Yusuf, Accelerated depreciation, Accountancy Age, Accounting, Accounting information system, Accounting networks and associations, Accounting research, Accounting scholarship, ACT New Zealand, Act of Parliament, Act of Parliament clock, Acting presidency of Suharto, AD 98, Ad valorem tax, Ada Kaleh, Addled Parliament, Administrative divisions of Illinois, Administrative divisions of Virginia, Administrative law, Adoption tax credit, Adoption-Friendly Workplace, Adsidui, Advanced Card Systems Holdings, Advertising Standards Board of Finance, Advisor's Edge, Aegis Global Academy, Affordable housing in Canada, Afsharid dynasty, After Capitalism: Economic Democracy in Action, Aggregate demand, Aggregate income, Agnar Sandmo, Agostino Depretis, Agricultural Appropriations Act of 1922, Agriculture in Cyprus, Agriculture in Mongolia, Aircraft finance, Airline, Ajuran Sultanate, Al Ullman, Alabarch, Alan Keyes presidential campaign, 2000, Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government, ..., Albanian revolt of 1912, Albertina Ho, Alberto De Stefani, Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand, Alcohol law, Alcohol laws of Nevada, Alcohol licensing laws of the United Kingdom, Alessandro Valignano, Alexander Mourouzis, Alfred Frenzel, Alhaji Bai Modi Joof, Ali-Akbar Davar, Aljama, All India Federation of Tax Practitioners, All-in rate, Alliance (New Zealand political party), Alliott Group, Allod, Allodial title, Alvin Rabushka, Amalgamation of Winnipeg, Amazon (company), American Beverage Association, American Samoan referendum, 1970, Amish life in the modern world, Ammon Hennacy, Amruta Fadnavis, Anarchism in Italy, Anarchist economics, Anarcho-capitalism, Anastasia (wife of Constantine IV), Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Anders Lange, Andrés de Santa Cruz, Andrew Mitchell, Andrew Samwick, Anglo-Saxon model, Anne Loughlin, Anonymous P2P, Anthony Barber, Anti-Mongolianism, Anuradhapura Kingdom, Applied Economics: Thinking Beyond Stage One, Appropriation bill, Arequipa, Arijit Pasayat, Arizona Public Service Co. v. Snead, Arizona v. New Mexico, Arm's length principle, Armenia–United States relations, Armenians in India, Arnold Harberger, Aronson LLC, Arrowsmith v. Commissioner, Artemas Ward, Arthur Andersen, Arthur Zarden, Articles of Confederation, Arusha Declaration, Ashurst LLP, Aspatria Agricultural College, Asset-based economy, Asset-protection trust, Assets Recovery Agency, Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, Assyrians in Turkey, Asterix, Asterix and the Cauldron, Asterix in Switzerland, Atherton: The House of Power, Atlantic Station, Auctioneers Act 1845, Audit, Auerbach (Jewish family), August Zinn, Austan Goolsbee, Australia–Chile relations, Australia–Denmark relations, Australia–Finland relations, Australian Industry Group, Automated Payment Transaction tax, Avarız, Average accounting return, Ayyavazhi mythology, Älvsborg Ransom (1613), Čaňa, Čečejovce, Čižatice, Ďurďošík, Žarnov, Babylonian law, Bachelor of Accountancy, Bachelor of Commerce, Back taxes, Background check, Bad Marienberg, Badkulla, Bagimonds Roll, Bailiff, Baker Tilly International, Baker Tilly Virchow Krause, LLP, Balance sheet, Balanced budget amendment, Balassa–Samuelson effect, Baltic states housing bubble, Banana production in Panama, Banco de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Band society, Bangladeshi calendar, Bank Services Billing Standard, Bank tax, Bank transaction tax, Banking Ombudsman Scheme (India), BankLink, Banknotes of the Hong Kong dollar, Bankruptcy remote, Barangay state, Barley wine, Barnaby Skurloke or Skurlog, Baron of Renfrew (ship), Barony (Ireland), Bartercard, Basic Allowance for Housing, Bastide, Battle of Mobei, Bawtry gasworks contamination, Bayt al-mal, Bánovce nad Ondavou, Büttelborn, BDO Global, BDO USA, LLP, Beard Miller Company, Beauregard v Canada, Bedwellty Union Workhouse, BEEPS, Beer riots in Bavaria, Bel Amica, Belgium Penal Transaction Law, Bellman equation, Belter (Niven), Ben F. Johnson, Benjamin Z. Kedar, Bennett Thrasher LLP, Berenene dor Ocmore, Berenguer Ramon I, Count of Barcelona, Berenice (daughter of Herod Agrippa), BerkShares, Bermuda, Berthold Landauer, Berwin Leighton Paisner, Bessarabia Germans, Betterment, Bhopal School of Social Sciences, Bidco Africa, Big Four accounting firms, Bill Bradley presidential campaign, 2000, Bill Brock, Biofuel in Sweden, Biosecurity protocol, Bitfinex, BKD, LLP, Black market, Black suffrage in Pennsylvania, Bloomberg BNA, Bo Ackal, Boards of Cooperative Educational Services, Bob Bullock, Bob Wills, Bogue Banks, Bogufał II, Bojonegoro Regency, Bonus Bonds, Book of business (law), Boomsday (novel), Borbeck-Mitte, Boris Morozov, Bottom of the harbour tax avoidance, Boyd Coddington, Bradford Kelleher, Braeburn Capital, Bram Moszkowicz, Braunstonbury, Brdo pri Lukovici, Brenthurst Initiative, British and Creole intervention in the Sierra Leone hinterland in the 19th century, British Hovercraft Corporation AP1-88, British North America Acts, British Protectorate, Broadsheet, Brotherhood of Saint George, Brotherhood of St Laurence, Brownville, Nebraska, Brympton d'Evercy, Buchanan, Ingersoll & Rooney, Buckhead, Budget freeze, Budince, Budkovce, Bupa, Burgebrach, Burkhanism, Business, Business and occupation tax, Business Anti-Corruption Portal, Business cluster, Business failure, Business method patent, Byrd Amendment, Bystré (Svitavy District), CA Intermediate Course, Cabinet of Karađorđe Petrović, Cable television by region, Cadastre, Cain bairns, Cajemé, California elections, 1998, California elections, 2004, California elections, November 2010, California gubernatorial recall election, California Municipal Treasurers Association, California Proposition 10 (1998), California Proposition 82 (2006), California Republican Assembly, California State Lottery, California Taxpayers Association, Caligula, Caliphate, Campaigns of Nader Shah, Canadian federal election, 2004, Canadian import duties, Canadian Pari-Mutuel Agency, Canadian Tax Foundation, Canning Fok, Cantons of Switzerland, Canudos, Capital accumulation, Capital cost, Capital flight, Capital formation, Capital gains tax, Capital structure, Capitalism, Car donation, Carbon tax, Carding (fraud), Carl E. 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Jones, Charles William Eliot, Chartalism, Chartered Certified Accountant, Cheng Hao, Cherry Bekaert, Chhibramau, Childcare voucher scheme, Choice editing, Christiaan De Wilde, Christian V of Denmark, Christoph Broelsch, Chronic inflation, Chukai, Chulalongkorn, Church tax, Cider Bill of 1763, Cigarette taxes in the United States, Circulus (theory), Cities XL, Cities XL 2011, City, City limits, City of Clarence, City of Oakland's Zero Waste Program, City rights in the Low Countries, Civil conscription, Civil Disobedience (Thoreau), Civil Service in early India, Civilization, Class conflict, Clearing (finance), CliftonLarsonAllen, Clinton v. City of New York, Closed-end leasing, Coastal development hazards, Cochichewick River, Coco Levy Fund scam, Coin of account, Colombian economy and politics 1929–58, Commission on Private Philanthropy and Public Needs, Commissioner v. Glenshaw Glass Co., Commissioner v. 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Ash, Cortes of Cádiz, Corvée, Cost of capital, Cost segregation study, Cost-of-production theory of value, Costas Meghir, Costs in English law, Cotton, Cotton Industry (Reorganisation) Act 1936, Council Tax, Counter-IED efforts, County, County Cork, County Galway, Court Jew, Court of Castle Chamber, Court of First Fruits and Tenths, CPA Magazine, Crane v. Commissioner, Credit card, Credit Suisse Securities Japan Limited “Mass Understatement of Income Tax” Case, Credit theory of money, Criticism of democracy, Criticism of the National Health Service (England), Croatia–Slovenia border disputes, Croatian kuna, Croatian-Venetian wars, Cronyism, Cross border attacks in Sabah, Cross border listings, Crowe (company), Crowe Global, Crown Prosecutor (New Zealand), Csávoly, Currency transaction tax, Customs, Customs officer, Cynthia H. Milligan, Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation, Cyprus–Russia relations, Cyril Berry, D'Amore-McKim School of Business, Dacke War, Danegeld, Dark Age Ahead, Darnell's Case, Dassault Mercure, DATEV, David Bradford (lawyer), David I of Scotland, David Kellermann, David Kocieniewski, Dúbravka, Michalovce District, Dead Souls, Debraď, Debt crisis, Debt intolerance, Declaration of Rights and Grievances, Deen Kemsley, Deez Nuts (politician), Deferral, Deferred compensation, Deferred tax, Deficit spending, Defined benefit pension plan, Deloitte, Demand management, Demerit good, Demetrius of Phalerum, Democracy (video game), Democracy and the Common Wealth, Democratic Federation of Northern Syria, Demographic history of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Demographic history of Kosovo, Den (pharaoh), Dental public health, Department of Finance (New Brunswick), Depletion (accounting), DeRolph v. State, Deutsche Bank, Development Impact Tax, Development of non-profit housing in the United States, Diakhao, Diesel fuel, Digital divide, Diplomatic immunity, Dipping tobacco, Direct tax, Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union (European Commission), Dirk Coetsee, Disclaimer, Discovery (Mike Oldfield album), Discovery Institute, Disposal tax effect, Disposition effect, Distribution of wealth, District, Dividend distribution tax, Dividend reinvestment plan, Dividend stripping, Division 7A dividend, Dixon Hughes Goodman, DLA Piper New Zealand, Dodge Journey, Domestic international sales corporation, Domestic policy, Domestic terrorism in the United States, Dominican Republic–United States relations, Dominion Energy, Don Vebole, Dorit Rubinstein Reiss, Douane, Double majority, Double the Fist, Dover MRT station, DPSIR, Drahňov, DRL Coachlines, Dual federalism, DuPont analysis, Dutch disease, Dutch Formosa, Dutch people, Dutch public broadcasting system, Dutch Revolt, Duties on Clocks and Watches Act 1797, Duty (economics), Duty-free permit, Duty-free shop, Eady Levy, Early history of Durrus and District, Earnings, Earnings before interest and taxes, Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization, Ease of doing business index, East African School of Taxation, East Carolina Land and Railway Company, East West MRT line, Eastern Bloc of the FARC-EP, Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Refinery Limited, Eastlandah David (Wesonga), EcoAuto, Ecogovernmentality, Economic and Business Research Center, Economic development, Economic globalization, Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001, Economic history of Africa, Economic history of China (1949–present), Economic history of India, Economic history of the Netherlands (1500–1815), Economic impact of HIV/AIDS, Economic impact of immigration to Canada, Economic model, Economic policy, Economic Policy (journal), Economic Policy Institute, Economic reforms under Peter the Great, Economic rent, Economic Secretary to the Treasury, Economic unit, Economics of climate change mitigation, Economiesuisse, Economy of Arkansas, Economy of Bahrain, Economy of Botswana, Economy of Fiji, Economy of Guatemala, Economy of India, Economy of India under Company rule, Economy of India under the British Raj, Economy of Myanmar, Economy of North Korea, Economy of Pakistan, Economy of Rio de Janeiro, Economy of the Central African Republic, Economy of the Maya civilization, Ecotax, Ed Groot, Edmund Morgan (historian), Education in Florida, Education in South Africa, Education in Texas, Educational inequalities in South Sudan, Edward Cornelius O'Leary, Edward I of England, Edward III of England, Edward Leigh, Edward Zinn, Edwards Wildman Palmer, Edwin Robert Anderson Seligman, Effect of taxes and subsidies on price, Efficient Taxation of Income, Egypt, Egypt (Roman province), Eide Bailly LLP, Eight per thousand, El Salvador–United States relations, Elder law (United States), Electricity sector in Denmark, Electronic Commerce Regulations 2002, Elias White, Eliot Janeway, Elite, Elizabethan government, Eloy Inos, Emergency, Eminent domain, Emphyteusis, Encouraged Industry Catalogue, End Poverty Now, Endowment tax, Energy in Denmark, Energy industry, Energy policy, Energy policy of the United States, Energy tax, Energy Tax Act, Enforcement Authority, Engelbrekt rebellion, Engineering economics, English mythology, Entertainment tax, Entitlement theory, Environmental economics, Environmental impact of aviation, Environmental impact of the energy industry, Environmental remediation, Equal opportunity, Equality of sacrifice, Equity (economics), Eric Swalwell, Erik Gjems-Onstad, Erik Lindahl, Ernesto Cordero Arroyo, Ernst & Young, Established Programs Financing, Establishment Clause, Estate freeze, Estate planning, Estate tax in the United States, Estates General (France), Ethan Strimling, Ethical consumerism, ETL Group, Eugene Delgaudio, Eurofast, Europa Universalis III, European Federalist Free Entrepreneurs, European Movement for Efficient Energy, Evan Dahm, Evasion (law), Excess burden of taxation, Exchange fund, Exchequer, Executive Council of New Hampshire, Executor, Exempt market securities, Exeter, Exilarch, Exit, Voice, and Loyalty, Expatriation tax, Expenditure Tax Act, 1987, External financing, Externality, Extortion, F. W. Kickbusch, Facatativá, Factions in the Republican Party (United States), Falkušovce, Famine, Fareless Square, Fares Fair, Farmers' Party (Netherlands), Farshad Bashir, Farum Municipality, Fat tax, Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, Federal budget (economics), Federal government of the United States, Federal telephone excise tax, Federalist No. 30, Federalist No. 31, Federalist No. 32, Federalist No. 34, Federalist No. 35, Federalist No. 36, Fee simple, Fee-for-carriage, Feldman–Mahalanobis model, Felisa Miceli, Ferre Grignard, Feudal relief, Filling station, Filton Town Council, Finance (No.2) Act 2010, Finance Act, Finance Act 1997, Finance Act 2010, Finance Act 2012, Finance Act 2015, Finance Court (Germany), Finance minister, Financial Executives International, Financial goal, Financial modeling, Financial ratio, Financial repression, Financial transaction tax, Fine (penalty), Finland under Swedish rule, First Intermediate Period of Egypt, First National Bank (Huntsville, Alabama), Fiscal capacity, Fiscal incidence, Fiscal policy, Fiscal policy of the Philippines, Fiscal-military state, Fixed asset, Fixed tax, Flanaess, Flash crash, Flat tax, Fleet management software, Fleischer Studios, Florida Chamber of Commerce, Florida circuit courts, Florida Statutes, Fluorescence, Flypaper theory (economics), FNAR, Focus Money (magazine), Food, Forced circumcision, Forced prostitution, Foreign direct investment and the environment, Foreign legal opinion, Form book, Formulary apportionment, Fort Negley, Forza Italia (2013), Framing (social sciences), France in the long nineteenth century, Franco Modigliani, Frank Anderson (chess player), Frank Zappa, Fred T. Goldberg Jr., Frederick Brockhausen, Frederiksberg, Fredric G. Levin College of Law, Free City of Cracow, Free Democratic Party (Germany), Free public transport, Free travel pass, Freedom barometer, Freetown City Council, French conquest of Tunisia, French legislative election, 1816, French Ministry for the Economy and Finance, Frequent-flyer program, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson, Fringe benefits tax, Fritz Reinhardt, From Social State to Minimal State, Front Palace crisis, Fuel protests in the United Kingdom, Fuentes v. Shevin, Fugger, Funding, Furniss v Dawson, Fyrk, Gadgil formula, Galen Center, Garfield Heights, Ohio, Garnishment, Gary Ackerman, Gary L. Wolfram, Gawker, Götz Aly, GBQ Partners, Genealogy, General counsel, General Directory of War and Finance, Gennady Balashov, Genseric, Geoffrey de Morton, Geographic Locator Codes, Geological Survey of India, Georg Friedrich Sartorius, George Lakoff, Georgia State Route 400, German nationality law, German Palatines, German revolutions of 1848–49, German Taxpayers Federation, Germania (stamp), Gerry Hutch, Ghana Revenue Authority, Ghana Stock Exchange, Ghettopoly, Gies College of Business, Giesche, Gift Aid, Gift tax in the United States, Gigafactory 1, Gilbert Islands, Giovanni Carlo Tramontano, Count of Matera, Giuseppe Conte, Giuseppe Prina, Glengoyne distillery, Glossary of education terms (P–R), Glossary of philosophy, Glossary of rhetorical terms, Glossary of spirituality terms, Glossary of wine terms, Gold as an investment, Gold sink, Gold standard, Golden Gate University, Golden Gate University School of Law, Good faith estimate, Gordon Armstrong (politician), Gothenburg congestion tax, Gothia Cup, Government budget, Government budget balance, Government debt, Government of Change, Government of India v Taylor, Government of Maryland, Government of Pakistan, Government of the District of Columbia, Government procurement in the European Union, Government revenue, Government spending, Gowers Review of Intellectual Property, Grain trade, Grand bargain (United States, 2011), Grand Duchy of Baden, Grandall Law Firm, Grant Thornton International, Grant Thornton LLP, Granville, Manche, Great Australians Party, Green March, Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, Greene County, Indiana, Greenspring Company, Greysouthen, Grip, Norway, Grodno FEZ, Gromada, Gross fixed capital formation, Gross profit, Gross receipts tax, Gross value added, Groundwater banking, Guarda Fiscal, Gun violence in the United States, Gunster (law firm), HA&W, Hacienda, Hague Trust Convention, Hahnweiler, Haiti economic reforms of 1996, Haji Abdul Rahman Limbong, Half-year convention, Hall income tax, Hall Render, Halliburton, Halotus, Hamlet (Oregon), Hamlet (place), Hans Bohm, Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza, Harris Flanagin, Harvey Norman, Harvey S. Rosen, Hasmonean dynasty, Hassan Rouhani, Hatalov, Hauptwohnsitz, Haute Cour of Jerusalem, Hauz Khas Complex, Havering Palace, Hawker (trade), Hawksbill Creek Agreement, Hazelwood Hall, Health care, Health insurance mandate, Health system, Health systems by country, Healthcare in Belgium, Healthcare in Denmark, Hearth tax, Heating oil, Hedonic regression, Heiligenstadt in Oberfranken, Hell-Bent for Election, Helma Neppérus, Helsingborg, Henk Koning, Henri Story, Henric Rungeen, Henry Horner, Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, Henry Woodhouse (forger), Henryk Kietlicz, Herschweiler-Pettersheim, Heshen, HGTV Dream Home, Hidalgo (nobility), Hidden tax, Hilbre Islands, Hillsborough, North Carolina, Hire purchase, Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States, Historiography of the fall of the Western Roman Empire, History of accounting, History of agriculture in the Indian subcontinent, History of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, History of Basque whaling, History of Bolivian nationality, History of Burger King, History of capitalist theory, History of Chile during the Parliamentary Era (1891–1925), History of chocolate, History of cotton, History of Cyprus since 1878, History of Dubai, History of economic thought, History of English land law, History of French wine, History of Islamic economics, History of Landsbanki, History of Louisville, Kentucky, History of Luxembourg, History of Mexico, History of modern Christianity, History of Monaco, History of North Carolina, History of Paraguay (to 1811), History of Portugal (1640–1777), History of Portugal (1777–1834), History of Protestantism, History of public library advocacy, History of responsa in Judaism, History of Seychelles, History of Sherry, History of Somalia (1991–2006), History of the British salt tax in India, History of the Central African Republic, History of the Constitution of the Roman Republic, History of the Constitution of the United Kingdom, History of the Czech lands in the High Middle Ages, History of the Faroe Islands, History of the Jews in 18th-century Poland, History of the Jews in Hungary, History of the Jews in Latvia, History of the Jews in Laupheim, History of the Jews in the Soviet Union, History of the Jews in Tunisia, History of the Libertarian Party (United States), History of the MRT (Singapore), History of the petroleum industry in Canada (frontier exploration and development), History of the St. Louis Cardinals (1920–52), History of trade of the People's Republic of China, History of United States patent law, History of Yorkshire, HLB International, Holding company, Homberg (Efze), Homesteading, Hong Kong dollar, Honolulu County, Hawaii, Hopkins Library, Hoppy (drink), Horse racing in Ireland, Household income, Housewife, Huexotzinco Codex, Hugh Williamson, Human billboard, Human impact on the environment, Human population planning, Human rights in the United Kingdom, Humble Petition and Advice, Hundred Group, Hundred Rolls, Hut tax, Huu-ay-aht First Nations, Huw Dixon, Hydraulic engineering, Hydrocarbon exploration, Hyperinflation, Hypothecated tax, Icelandic Socialist Party, Ideology of Tintin, Ignacio Ramonet, Ileni Hagos, Illinois Department of Revenue, Illinois Farm Bureau, Immigration policy, Impact fee, Imperial Estate, Imperial immediacy, Imperial road, Import Surtaxes, Imputed rent, Imraguen people, Imran Khan, Income (United States legal definitions), Income statement, Income tax, Income tax in Singapore, Income tax in the Netherlands, Inconfidência Mineira, Incorporation (business), Independent Financial Adviser, Index of economics articles, Index of international trade topics, Index of law articles, Index of real estate articles, Index of urban sociology articles, Indigenous and community conserved area, Indirect tax, Individual, Individualization, Indonesian State College of Accountancy, Information Technology Agreement, Infrastructural power, Inheritance tax, Inland Revenue, Inland Revenue Department (Hong Kong), Innis College, Toronto, INPACT, Installment Agreement, Installment sales method, Institute for Social and Economic Analyses, Institute of Accounting and Commerce, Institute of Certified Management Accountants of Sri Lanka, Institute of Public Affairs, Insurance, Insurance Premium Tax (United Kingdom), Intellectual property valuation, Inter gravissimas, Inter-American Center of Tax Administrations, Interest rate parity, Interest Tax Act, 1974, Interim Self Governing Authority, Internal financing, Internal Revenue Code section 212, Internal Revenue Code section 3401, International Bottled Water Association, International Business Companies Act, International Fiscal Association, International Organization of Legal Metrology, International Shoe Co. v. 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Expand index (2450 more) » « Shrink index

A Green New Deal

A Green New Deal is a report released on July 21, 2008 by the Green New Deal Group and published by the New Economics Foundation, which outlines a series of policy proposals to tackle global warming, the current financial crisis, and peak oil.

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A Northern Light

A Northern Light, or A Gathering Light in the U.K., is an American historical novel for young adults, written by Jennifer Donnelly and published by Harcourt in 2003.

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A. F. Ferguson & Co.

The firm consists of 44 partners and has staff of over 1,700 and counting.

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Abacus school

Abacus or abaco refers to calculations, especially the subject of direct calculations, using Hindu numerals without the help of the abacus (an instrument for calculating).

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Abgeltungsteuer

The Abgeltungsteuer (German, from Abgeltung "settlement", "discharge" + Steuer "tax") is a flat tax on private income from capital.

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Abir Congo Company

The Abir Congo Company (founded as the Anglo-Belgian India Rubber Company and later known as the Compagnie du Congo Belge) was a company that exploited natural rubber in the Congo Free State, the private property of King Leopold II of Belgium.

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Abu Dis Waste Disposal Site

Abu Dis is a Palestinian town in the Jerusalem Governorate of the Palestinian National Authority bordering Jerusalem.

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Abu Yusuf

Yaqub ibn Ibrahim al-Ansari, better known as Abu Yusuf (أبو يوسف) (d.798) was a student of jurist Abu Hanifah (d.767) who helped spread the influence of the Hanafi school of Islamic law through his writings and the government positions he held.

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Accelerated depreciation

Accelerated depreciation refers to any one of several methods by which a company, for 'financial accounting' or tax purposes, depreciates a fixed asset in such a way that the amount of depreciation taken each year is higher during the earlier years of an asset’s life.

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Accountancy Age

Accountancy Age is a trade magazine for accountants and financial staff in the United Kingdom.

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Accounting

Accounting or accountancy is the measurement, processing, and communication of financial information about economic entities such as businesses and corporations.

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Accounting information system

An accounting information system (AIS) is a system of collecting, storing and processing financial and accounting data that are used by decision makers.

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Accounting networks and associations

Accounting networks and associations are professional services networks whose principal purpose is to provide members resources to assist the clients around the world and hence reduce the uncertainty by bringing together a greater number of resources to work on a problem.The networks and associations operate independently of the independent members.

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Accounting research

Accounting research is research on the effects of economic events on the process of accounting, and the effects of reported information on economic events.

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Accounting scholarship

Accounting scholarship is an academic discipline oriented towards the profession of accounting, usually taught at a business school.

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ACT New Zealand

ACT New Zealand, usually known as ACT, is a right-wing, classical-liberal political party in New Zealand.

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Act of Parliament

Acts of Parliament, also called primary legislation, are statutes passed by a parliament (legislature).

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Act of Parliament clock

An Act of Parliament clock is a type of large clock originally hung in inns and taverns in the United Kingdom, beginning in the mid-18th century.

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Acting presidency of Suharto

The acting presidency of Suharto followed the Transition to the New Order in which General Suharto was the president albeit on an interim basis.

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AD 98

AD 98 (XCVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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Ad valorem tax

An ad valorem tax (Latin for "according to value") is a tax whose amount is based on the value of a transaction or of property.

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Ada Kaleh

Ada Kaleh (from Adakale meaning "Island Fortress", Újorsova or Ada Kaleh, Serbian and Bulgarian: Адакале / Adakale) was a small island on the Danube in what is modern Romania, populated mostly by Turks of Romania, that was submerged during the construction of the Iron Gates hydroelectric plant in 1970.

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Addled Parliament

The Addled Parliament was the second Parliament of England of the reign of James I of England (following his 1604-11 Parliament), which sat between 5 April and 7 June 1614.

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Administrative divisions of Illinois

The administrative divisions of Illinois are counties, townships, precincts, cities, towns, villages, and special-purpose districts.

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Administrative divisions of Virginia

The administrative divisions of Virginia are the areas into which the Commonwealth of Virginia, a U.S. state, is divided for political and administrative purposes.

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Administrative law

Administrative law is the body of law that governs the activities of administrative agencies of government.

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Adoption tax credit

An adoption tax credit is a tax credit offered to adoptive parents to encourage adoption.

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Adoption-Friendly Workplace

The Adoption-Friendly Workplace is a signature program of the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption that encourages employers to offer adoption benefits and celebrating those who do.

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Adsidui

In ancient Rome, adsidui (sg. adsiduus; also assiduus, assidui, Latin for "diligent, loyal", and collectively, "taxpayers") were the citizens who were liable to military service in the main line of battle, that is, for much of the history of the Roman republic, as legionaries.

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Advanced Card Systems Holdings

Advanced Card Systems Ltd (ACS) is a Hong Kong-based company founded by Denny Wong in 1995.

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Advertising Standards Board of Finance

The Advertising Standards Board of Finance (ASBOF) collects a voluntary levy on advertising costs to fund the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA).

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Advisor's Edge

Advisor's Edge is a Canadian magazine for client-facing financial advisors that is published by Transcontinental Media.

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Aegis Global Academy

Aegis Global Academy provides an MBA equivalent management education, catering exclusively to the services industry.

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Affordable housing in Canada

Affordability of housing in Canada presents a complex paradox.

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Afsharid dynasty

The Afsharid dynasty (افشاریان) were members of an Iranian dynasty that originated from the Turkic Afshar tribe in Iran's north-eastern province of Khorasan, ruling Persia in the mid-eighteenth century.

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After Capitalism: Economic Democracy in Action

After Capitalism: Economic Democracy in Action is a 2012 book by United States author Dada Maheshvarananda, an activist, yoga monk and writer.

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Aggregate demand

In macroeconomics, aggregate demand (AD) or domestic final demand (DFD) is the total demand for final goods and services in an economy at a given time.

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Aggregate income

Aggregate income is the total of all incomes in an economy without adjustments for inflation, taxation, or types of double counting.

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Agnar Sandmo

Agnar Sandmo (born 9 January 1938) is a Norwegian economist at the Norwegian School of Economics.

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Agostino Depretis

Agostino Depretis (31 January 181329 July 1887) was an Italian statesman and politician.

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Agricultural Appropriations Act of 1922

The United States federal Agricultural Appropriations Act of 1922 merged the Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates (BMCE) with the Office of Farm Management and Farm Economics (OFMFE) on July 1, 1922, to form the Bureau of Agricultural Economics (BAE).

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Agriculture in Cyprus

When Cyprus achieved independence in 1960, the backbone of its economy was agriculture, mostly small farms, and sometimes even subsistence farms.

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Agriculture in Mongolia

Agriculture in Mongolia constitutes over 10% of Mongolia's annual Gross domestic product and employs one-third of the labor force.

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Aircraft finance

Aircraft finance refers to financing for the purchase and operation of aircraft.

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Airline

An airline is a company that provides air transport services for traveling passengers and freight.

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Ajuran Sultanate

The Ajuran Sultanate (Dawladdii Ajuuraan, الدولة الأجورانيون), also spelled Ajuuraan Sultanate, and often simply as Ajuran, was a Somali empire in the medieval times that dominated the Indian Ocean trade.

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Al Ullman

Albert Conrad Ullman (March 9, 1914 – October 11, 1986) was an American politician in the Democratic Party who represented in the United States House of Representatives from 1957 to 1981.

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Alabarch

An alabarch was a traditionally Jewish official in Alexandria during the Hellenistic and Roman periods, seemingly responsible for taxation and especially customs at the harbor.

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Alan Keyes presidential campaign, 2000

The 2000 presidential campaign of Alan Keyes, former Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs from Maryland began when he formed an exploratory committee, simply called Keyes 2000, on June 17, 1999, with a formal announcement on September 21, 1999 in Bedford, New Hampshire.

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Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government

Alaska v. Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government,, was a United States Supreme Court case.

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Albanian revolt of 1912

The Albanian revolt of 1912 was the last Albanian revolt in the Ottoman Empire and lasted from January until August 1912.

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Albertina Ho

Albertina Ho SH, MH (born in Southeast Maluku January 1, 1960) is a career woman judge at the General Court under the Supreme Court of Indonesia.

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Alberto De Stefani

Alberto De Stefani (1879–1969) was an Italian politician.

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Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand

The Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand ("ALAC") was established in 1976, by the government of New Zealand, under the Alcohol Advisory Council Act of 1976, following a report by the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Sale of Liquor.

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Alcohol law

Alcohol laws are laws in relation to the manufacture, use, influence and sale of alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) or alcoholic beverages that contains ethanol.

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Alcohol laws of Nevada

There are few restrictions on the sale and consumption of alcohol in Nevada except for age.

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Alcohol licensing laws of the United Kingdom

The alcohol licensing laws of the United Kingdom regulate the sale and consumption of alcohol, with separate legislation for England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland being passed, as necessary, by the UK parliament, the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the Scottish Parliament respectively.

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Alessandro Valignano

Alessandro Valignano (Chinese: 范禮安 Fàn Lǐ’ān) (February 1539 – January 20, 1606) was an Italian Jesuit missionary born in Chieti, part of the Kingdom of Naples, who helped supervise the introduction of Catholicism to the Far East, and especially to Japan.

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Alexander Mourouzis

Alexander Mourouzis (Αλέξανδρος Μουρούζης; Alexandru Moruzi; died 1816) was a Grand Dragoman of the Ottoman Empire who served as Prince of Moldavia and Prince of Wallachia.

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Alfred Frenzel

Alfred Frenzel (1899-1968) was a West German member of parliament, who was secretly conducting espionage for Czechoslovakia while serving on the Bundestag's Defense Committee.

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Alhaji Bai Modi Joof

Alhaji Bai Modi Joof (or Bai Modi Joof, 15 December 1933 – 3 June 1993Joof, Alhaji. A.E. Cham, "Gambia, Land of our heritage" Editor:Baba Galleh Jallow, (1995), p. i) was a barrister at law from the Gambia, practicing from the mid-1970s to 1993, the year he died.

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Ali-Akbar Davar

Ali-Akbar Dāvar (also known as Mirza Ali-Akbar Khan-e Dāvar) (1885–1937) (علی‌اکبر داور) was the founder of the modern judicial system of Iran.

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Aljama

Aljama is a term of Arabic origin used in old official documents in Spain and Portugal to designate the self-governing communities of Moors and Jews living under Christian rule in the Iberian Peninsula.

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All India Federation of Tax Practitioners

The All India Federation of Tax Practitioners (AIFTP) is an association of Advocates, Chartered Accountants and Tax Practitioners in India.

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All-in rate

The term All-in rate is used in both Construction and the Financial sector.

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Alliance (New Zealand political party)

The Alliance was a left-wing political party in New Zealand.

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Alliott Group

Alliott Group is an international association of accounting firms and law firms that provide audit, accountancy, tax, corporate finance, commercial law and private client legal services.

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Allod

An allod (Old Low Franconian allōd ‘fully owned estate’, from all ‘full, entire’ and ōd ‘estate’, Medieval Latin allodium), also allodial land or allodium, refers, in the law of the Middle Ages and early Modern Period and especially within the Holy Roman Empire, to a freehold estate in land over which the allodial landowner (allodiary) had full ownership and right of alienation.

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Allodial title

Allodial title constitutes ownership of real property (land, buildings, and fixtures) that is independent of any superior landlord.

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Alvin Rabushka

Alvin Rabushka (born May 15, 1940) is an American political scientist.

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Amalgamation of Winnipeg

The City of Winnipeg, several surrounding municipalities and the Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg were subject to a municipal amalgamation on January 1, 1972 that created a unicity or unified city.

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Amazon (company)

Amazon.com, Inc., doing business as Amazon, is an American electronic commerce and cloud computing company based in Seattle, Washington that was founded by Jeff Bezos on July 5, 1994.

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American Beverage Association

The American Beverage Association (ABA) is a trade organization that represents the beverage industry in the United States.

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American Samoan referendum, 1970

A series of referendums on the legislature and taxes were held in American Samoa on 3 November 1970.

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Amish life in the modern world

As time has passed, the Amish have felt pressures from the modern world.

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Ammon Hennacy

Ammon Ashford Hennacy (July 24, 1893 – January 14, 1970) was an American Christian pacifist, anarchist, social activist, member of the Catholic Worker Movement, and Wobbly.

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Amruta Fadnavis

Amruta Devendra Fadnavis (born 9 April 1979) is a banker singer and social activist.

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Anarchism in Italy

Italian anarchism as a movement began primarily from the influence of Mikhail Bakunin, Giuseppe Fanelli, and Errico Malatesta.

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Anarchist economics

Anarchist economics is the set of theories and practices of economic activity within the political philosophy of anarchism.

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Anarcho-capitalism

Anarcho-capitalism is a political philosophy and school of anarchist thought that advocates the elimination of centralized state dictum in favor of self-ownership, private property and free markets.

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Anastasia (wife of Constantine IV)

Anastasia (c. 650 – after 711) was the Empress consort of Constantine IV of the Roman Empire.

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Anders Fogh Rasmussen

Anders Fogh Rasmussen (born 26 January 1953) is a Danish politician who was the 24th Prime Minister of Denmark from November 2001 to April 2009 and the 12th Secretary General of NATO from August 2009 to October 2014.

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Anders Lange

Anders Sigurd Lange (5 September 1904 – 18 October 1974) was a Norwegian political organiser, speaker and editor who led his eponymously named political party Anders Lange's Party into parliament in 1973.

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Andrés de Santa Cruz

Andrés de Santa Cruz y Calahumana (December 5, 1792 in Huarina, Bolivia – September 25, 1865 in Beauvoir, France) served as the seventh President of Peru during 1827, the Interim President of Peru from 1836 to 1838 and President of Bolivia (1829–39).

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Andrew Mitchell

Andrew John Bower Mitchell (born 23 March 1956) is a British Conservative Party politician who was first elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sutton Coldfield in 2001.

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Andrew Samwick

Andrew Alan Samwick is an American economist, who served as Chief Economist on the staff of the United States President's Council of Economic Advisors from July 2003 to July 2004.

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Anglo-Saxon model

The Anglo-Saxon model or Anglo-Saxon capitalism (so called because it is practiced in English-speaking countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, New Zealand, Australia and Ireland) is a capitalist model that emerged in the 1970s, based on the Chicago school of economics.

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Anne Loughlin

Dame Anne Loughlin, DBE (28 June 1894 – 14 July 1979) was a British labour activist and organiser.

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Anonymous P2P

An anonymous P2P communication system is a peer-to-peer distributed application in which the nodes or participants are anonymous or pseudonymous.

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Anthony Barber

Anthony Perrinott Lysberg Barber, Baron Barber, TD, PC, DL (4 July 1920 – 16 December 2005) was a British Conservative politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer.

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Anti-Mongolianism

Anti-Mongolian sentiment has been prevalent throughout history, often perceiving the Mongols to be a barbaric and uncivilized people.

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Anuradhapura Kingdom

The Anuradhapura Kingdom (Sinhala: අනුරාධපුර රාජධානිය, Tamil:அனுராதபுர இராச்சியம்), named for its capital city, was the first established kingdom in ancient Sri Lanka and Sinhalese people.

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Applied Economics: Thinking Beyond Stage One

Applied Economics: Thinking Beyond Stage One is a 2003 nonfiction work by economist Thomas Sowell.

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Appropriation bill

An appropriation bill, also known as supply bill or spending bill, is proposed law that authorizes the expenditure of government funds.

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Arequipa

Arequipa is the capital and largest city of the Arequipa Region and the seat of the Constitutional Court of Peru.

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Arijit Pasayat

Justice Arijit Pasayat is a retired judge of the Supreme Court of India.

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Arizona Public Service Co. v. Snead

Arizona Public Service Co.

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Arizona v. New Mexico

Arizona v. New Mexico, 425 U.S. 794 (1976),.

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Arm's length principle

The arm's length principle (ALP) is the condition or the fact that the parties to a transaction are independent and on an equal footing.

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Armenia–United States relations

dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991 brought an end to the Cold War and created the opportunity for bilateral relations with the New Independent States (NIS) as they began a political and economic transformation.

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Armenians in India

The association of Armenians with India and the presence of Armenians in India are very old, and there has been a mutual economic and cultural association of Armenians with India for the last several centuries.

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Arnold Harberger

Arnold Carl Harberger (born July 27, 1924) is an American economist.

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Aronson LLC

Aronson LLC is an American accounting and financial consulting company based in Rockville, Maryland.

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Arrowsmith v. Commissioner

Arrowsmith v. Commissioner, 344 U.S. 6 (1952), is a United States Supreme Court case regarding taxation.

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Artemas Ward

Artemas Ward (November 26, 1727 – October 28, 1800) was an American major general in the American Revolutionary War and a Congressman from Massachusetts.

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Arthur Andersen

Arthur Andersen LLP, based in Chicago, is an American holding company.

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Arthur Zarden

Arthur Heinrich Ludwig Zarden (27 April 1885 in Hamburg – 18 January 1944 in Berlin) was a leading personality in German tax legislation and for a short time State Secretary in the Reich Finance Ministry.

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Articles of Confederation

The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution.

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Arusha Declaration

The Arusha Declaration (Azimio la Arusha) and TANU’s Policy on Socialism and Self Reliance (1967), referred to as the Arusha Declaration, is known as Tanzania’s most prominent political statement of African Socialism, ‘Ujamaa’, or brotherhood (Kaitilla, 2007).

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Ashurst LLP

Ashurst LLP is a multinational law firm headquartered in London, United Kingdom and a member of the 'Silver Circle' of leading UK law firms.

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Aspatria Agricultural College

The Aspatria Agricultural College was a seat of learning located in Aspatria, Cumberland, England.

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Asset-based economy

The asset-based economy is a post-industrial macroeconomic state of capitalism in which growth is based largely on appreciation of equity assets, typically financial instruments such as stocks, as well as real estate.

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Asset-protection trust

An asset-protection trust is a term which covers a wide spectrum of legal structures.

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Assets Recovery Agency

The Assets Recovery Agency (ARA) was a non-ministerial government department in the United Kingdom.

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Association of Chartered Certified Accountants

Founded in 1904, the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) is the global professional accounting body offering the Chartered Certified Accountant qualification (ACCA or FCCA).

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Assyrians in Turkey

Assyrians/Syriacs in Turkey are an indigenous Semitic-speaking ethnic group and minority of Turkey (and also northern Iraq and northeast Syria) with a presence in the region dating to as far back as the 25th century BC, making them the oldest ethnic group in the nation.

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Asterix

Asterix or The Adventures of Asterix (Astérix or Astérix le Gaulois) is a series of French comics.

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Asterix and the Cauldron

Asterix and the Cauldron is the thirteenth volume of the Asterix comic book series, by René Goscinny (stories) and Albert Uderzo (illustrations).

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Asterix in Switzerland

Asterix in Switzerland ("Asterix in the land of the Helvetii") is the sixteenth volume of the Asterix comic book series, by René Goscinny (stories) and Albert Uderzo (illustrations).

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Atherton: The House of Power

Atherton: The House of Power is a dystopian novel written by Patrick Carman.

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Atlantic Station

Atlantic Station is a neighborhood on the northwestern edge of Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, United States comprising a retail district, office space, condominiums, townhomes and apartment buildings.

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Auctioneers Act 1845

The Auctioneers Act 1845 (citation 8 & 9 Vict., c.15) was an Act to the Parliament of the United Kingdom, passed during the reign of Queen Victoria on 8 August 1845, with the long title "An Act to impose a new duty on the licence to be taken out by all auctioneers in the United Kingdom".

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Audit

An audit is a systematic and independent examination of books, accounts, statutory records, documents and vouchers of an organization to ascertain how far the financial statements as well as non-financial disclosures present a true and fair view of the concern.

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Auerbach (Jewish family)

The Jewish family Auerbach, Авербах (אוּרבּך) of the 16th to 19th century was a family of scholars, the progenitor of which was Moses Auerbach, born around 1462, court Jew to the bishop of Regensburg as of around 1497.

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August Zinn

August Zinn was an American wholesale jeweller, politician and civil service commissioner from Milwaukee, Wisconsin who spent two terms (1899-1902) as a Republican member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Milwaukee County.

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Austan Goolsbee

Austan Dean Goolsbee (born August 18, 1969) is an American economist who is currently the Robert P. Gwinn Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago's Booth School of Business.

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Australia–Chile relations

Australia–Chile relations are foreign relations between Chile and Australia.

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Australia–Denmark relations

Australia–Denmark relations refers to the current and historical relations between Australia and Denmark.

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Australia–Finland relations

Australia–Finland relations are foreign relations between the Australia and Finland.

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Australian Industry Group

The Australian Industry Group, also called Ai Group, is an employers' organisation, whose members employ over 750,000 staff from throughout Australia.

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Automated Payment Transaction tax

The Automated Payment Transaction (APT) tax is a small, uniform tax on all economic transactions — involve simplification, base broadening, reductions in marginal tax rates, the elimination of tax and information returns and the automatic collection of tax revenues at the payment source.

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Avarız

Avarız was a tax in the Ottoman Empire, an annual cash tax paid by households registered in a defter.

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Average accounting return

The average accounting return (AAR) is the average project earnings after taxes and depreciation, divided by the average book value of the investment during its life.

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Ayyavazhi mythology

Ayyavazhi mythology is the mythology of the growing South Indian religious faith and a sect of Hinduism known as Ayyavazhi.

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Älvsborg Ransom (1613)

Älvsborg ransom was an indemnity, stipulated in the Treaty of Knäred 1613, that would redeem Älvsborg Castle (in Gothenburg, Sweden) from Danish military occupation of the Kalmar War.

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Čaňa

Čaňa (Hernádcsány) is a village and municipality in Košice-okolie District in the Košice Region of eastern Slovakia.

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Čečejovce

Čečejovce (Csécs) is a village and municipality in Košice-okolie District in the Košice Region of eastern Slovakia.

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Čižatice

Čižatice (Tizsite) is a village and municipality in Košice-okolie District in the Košice Region of eastern Slovakia.

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Ďurďošík

Ďurďošík is a village and municipality in Košice-okolie District in the Košice Region of eastern Slovakia.

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Žarnov

Žarnov is a village and municipality in Košice-okolie District in the Kosice Region of eastern Slovakia.

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Babylonian law

Babylonian law is a subset of cuneiform law that has received particular study, owing to the singular extent of the associated archaeological material that has been found for it.

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Bachelor of Accountancy

The Bachelor of Accountancy, also known as Bachelor of Accounting, is the principal academic degree in accountancy in several countries, and is often the only (undergraduate) degree recognised for subsequent practice as a professional accountant; see First professional degree.

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Bachelor of Commerce

A Bachelor of Commerce (baccalaureates commercii, abbreviated B.Com. or B.Comm.) is an undergraduate degree in commerce (or business) and related subjects, usually awarded in Canada, Australia, India, Ireland, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa and other Commonwealth countries; however, the degree is no longer offered in the United Kingdom.

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Back taxes

Back taxes is a term for taxes that were not completely paid when due.

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Background check

A background check or background investigation is the process of looking up and compiling criminal records, commercial records, and financial records of an individual or an organization.

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Bad Marienberg

Bad Marienberg (Westerwald) is a town in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, and also the seat of the like-named ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality.

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Badkulla

Badkulla (বাদকুল্লা) is a Census Town in Hanskhali CD Block in Ranaghat subdivision of Nadia district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Bagimonds Roll

Bagimonds Roll was a roll used for taxation in Scotland.

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Bailiff

A bailiff (from Middle English baillif, Old French baillis, bail "custody, charge, office"; cf. bail, based on the adjectival form, baiulivus, of Latin bajulus, carrier, manager) is a manager, overseer or custodian; a legal officer to whom some degree of authority or jurisdiction is given.

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Baker Tilly International

Baker Tilly International is an accountancy and business advisory network represented by 126 member firms in 147 countries.

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Baker Tilly Virchow Krause, LLP

Baker Tilly Virchow Krause, LLP is a certified public accounting and consulting firm in the United States.

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Balance sheet

In financial accounting, a balance sheet or statement of financial position is a summary of the financial balances of an individual or organization, whether it be a sole proprietorship, a business partnership, a corporation, private limited company or other organization such as Government or not-for-profit entity.

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Balanced budget amendment

A balanced budget amendment is a constitutional rule requiring that a state cannot spend more than its income.

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Balassa–Samuelson effect

The Balassa–Samuelson effect, also known as Harrod–Balassa–Samuelson effect (Kravis and Lipsey 1983), the Ricardo–Viner–Harrod–Balassa–Samuelson–Penn–Bhagwati effect (Samuelson 1994, p. 201), or productivity biased purchasing power parity (PPP) (Officer 1976) is the tendency for consumer prices to be systematically higher in more developed countries than in less developed countries.

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Baltic states housing bubble

The Baltic states housing bubble is an economic bubble involving major cities in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

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Banana production in Panama

Banana production in Panama has traditionally played an important role in the Panamanian economy since around the turn of the twentieth century.

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Banco de la República Oriental del Uruguay

Banco de la República Oriental del Uruguay (also known as Banco República or BROU) is a state-owned bank in Uruguay, founded in 1896 under the presidency of Juan Idiarte Borda.

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Band society

A band society, or horde, is the simplest form of human society.

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Bangladeshi calendar

The Bangladeshi calendar (Bengali: বাংলা সাল, also called the Bangla Year) is a civil calendar used in Bangladesh, alongside the Gregorian calendar and the Islamic calendar.

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Bank Services Billing Standard

Large multinational corporations want to streamline their banking practices.

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Bank tax

A bank tax, or a bank levy, is a tax on banks which was discussed in the context of the financial crisis of 2007–08.

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Bank transaction tax

A bank transaction tax is a tax levied on debit (and/or credit) entries on bank accounts.

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Banking Ombudsman Scheme (India)

Banking Ombudsman is a quasi judicial authority functioning under India’s Banking Ombudsman Scheme 2006, and the authority was created pursuant to a decision made by the Government of India to enable resolution of complaints of customers of banks relating to certain services rendered by the banks.

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BankLink

BankLink is an accounting service used by more than 325,000 small businesses for their GST and end of year tax in Australia and New Zealand.

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Banknotes of the Hong Kong dollar

The issue of banknotes of the Hong Kong dollar is governed in the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), the governmental currency board of Hong Kong.

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Bankruptcy remote

A bankruptcy remote company is a company within a corporate group whose bankruptcy has as little economic impact as possible on other entities within the group.

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Barangay state

In early Philippine history, the Barangay was a complex sociopolitical unit which scholars have historically considered the dominant organizational pattern among the various peoples of the Philippine archipelago.

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Barley wine

Barley wine is a style of strong ale of between 6-11% or 8-12% alcohol by volume.

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Barnaby Skurloke or Skurlog

Barnaby Skurloke or Skurlock (1520ca. 1587) was an influential lawyer in Ireland of the mid-sixteenth century.

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Baron of Renfrew (ship)

Baron of Renfrew was a four-masted barque of 5,294 gross register tonnage (GRT), built of wood in 1825 by Charles Wood in Quebec, Canada.

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Barony (Ireland)

In Ireland, a barony (barúntacht, plural barúntachtaí) is a historical subdivision of a county, analogous to the hundreds into which the counties of England were divided.

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Bartercard

Bartercard is the operator of the world’s largest barter trading exchange.

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Basic Allowance for Housing

Basic Allowance for Housing (BAH) is a United States military privilege given to many military members.

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Bastide

Bastides are fortified new towns built in medieval Languedoc, Gascony and Aquitaine during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, although some authorities count Mont-de-Marsan and Montauban, which was founded in 1144, as the first bastides.

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Battle of Mobei

The Battle of Mobei was a military campaign fought in the northern part of the Gobi Desert.

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Bawtry gasworks contamination

The Bawtry gasworks contamination involved the contamination of land at Bawtry, South Yorkshire, England with hazardous by-products from the manufacture of coal gas.

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Bayt al-mal

Bayt al-mal (بيت المال) is an Arabic term that is translated as "House of money" or "House of Wealth." Historically, it was a financial institution responsible for the administration of taxes in Islamic states, particularly in the early Islamic Caliphate.

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Bánovce nad Ondavou

Bánovce nad Ondavou is a village and municipality in Michalovce District in the Kosice Region of eastern Slovakia.

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Büttelborn

Büttelborn is a community in Groß-Gerau district in Hesse, Germany.

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BDO Global

For other uses, see BDO (disambiguation). BDO or Binder Dijker Otte is an international network of public accounting, tax, consulting and business advisory firms which perform professional services under the name of BDO.

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BDO USA, LLP

BDO USA, LLP is the United States Member Firm of BDO International, a global accounting network.

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Beard Miller Company

Beard Miller Company LLP (bmc), a legacy firm of ParenteBeard LLC, was an accounting and auditing firm serving clients mainly in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

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Beauregard v Canada

Beauregard v Canada 2 S.C.R. 56 was a decision by the Supreme Court of Canada on judicial independence.

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Bedwellty Union Workhouse

The Bedwellty Union Workhouse was situated in Georgetown, Tredegar.

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BEEPS

The Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) is an extensive economic survey undertaken as a joint initiative of the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

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Beer riots in Bavaria

The beer riots in Bavaria happened between 1 May and 5 May 1844, beginning after King Ludwig I of Bavaria decreed a tax on beer.

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Bel Amica

Bel Amica is a ghost ship discovered off the coast of the Mediterranean island of Sardinia near Punta Volpe on August 24, 2006.

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Belgium Penal Transaction Law

The Penal Transaction Law (French: transaction pénale; Dutch: minnelijke schikking in strafzaken) is a Belgian law that allows a court to end a public prosecution in exchange for the payment of a sum of money.

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Bellman equation

A Bellman equation, named after Richard E. Bellman, is a necessary condition for optimality associated with the mathematical optimization method known as dynamic programming.

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Belter (Niven)

In Larry Niven's fictional Known Space universe, a Belter refers to a resident of the Asteroid Belt around Sol, sometimes known as the Sol Belt to differentiate it from Alpha Centauri's Serpent Swarm.

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Ben F. Johnson

Benjamin Franklin Johnson, Jr. (September 30, 1914 – July 1, 2006) was a member of the Georgia State Senate from 1962 to 1969, Dean of the Emory University School of Law from 1961 to 1973, and Dean of the Georgia State University College of Law from 1981 to 1985.

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Benjamin Z. Kedar

Benjamin Z. Kedar (born 2 September 1938)Who's Who in Israel 2001 (Tel Aviv, 2002), p. 214: "KEDAR, Benjamin Z. is professor emeritus of History at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

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Bennett Thrasher LLP

Bennett Thrasher LLP is a certified public accounting and consulting firm headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, United States.

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Berenene dor Ocmore

Berenene dor Ocmore, Empress of Namorn, is the title character in the young adult fantasy novel The Will of the Empress by Tamora Pierce.

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Berenguer Ramon I, Count of Barcelona

Berenguer Ramon I (1005 – 26 May 1035), called the Crooked or the Hunchback (in Latin curvus; in Catalan el Corbat; in Spanish el Corvado or el Curvo), was the count of Barcelona, Girona, and Ausona from 1018 to his death.

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Berenice (daughter of Herod Agrippa)

Berenice of Cilicia, also known as Julia Berenice and sometimes spelled Bernice (28 AD – after 81), was a Jewish client queen of the Roman Empire during the second half of the 1st century.

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BerkShares

BerkShares is a local currency that circulates in The Berkshires region of Massachusetts.

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Bermuda

Bermuda is a British Overseas Territory in the North Atlantic Ocean.

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Berthold Landauer

Berthold Landauer (sometimes given as Berchtold) (fl. 1396, d. 1430/1432) was a German painter active in Nuremberg.

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Berwin Leighton Paisner

Berwin Leighton Paisner (BLP) was an international law firm with 14 offices across 10 countries globally.

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Bessarabia Germans

The Bessarabia Germans (Bessarabiendeutsche, Germani basarabeni, Бессарабські німці) were an ethnic group who lived in Bessarabia (today part of the Republic of Moldova and south-western Ukraine) between 1814 and 1940.

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Betterment

In real estate, betterment (making better) is the increased value given to real property by causes for which a tenant or the public, but not the owner, is responsible; it is thus of the nature of unearned increment.

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Bhopal School of Social Sciences

The Bhopal School of Social Science (popularly known as BSSS) is located in the city of lakes, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.

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Bidco Africa

Bidco Africa, previously Bidco Oil Refineries Limited (BORL), is a multinational consumer goods company headquartered in Thika, Kenya with subsidiaries and distributorships across 16 countries in East Africa, Central Africa, and Southern Africa.

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Big Four accounting firms

The Big Four are the four largest professional services networks in the world, offering audit, assurance services, taxation, management consulting, advisory, actuarial, corporate finance and legal services.

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Bill Bradley presidential campaign, 2000

The 2000 presidential campaign of Bill Bradley, former Senator of New Jersey began when he formed an exploratory committee on December 1998, with a formal announcement in January 1999.

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Bill Brock

William Emerson Brock III (born November 23, 1930) is a former Republican United States senator from Tennessee, having served from 1971 to 1977.

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Biofuel in Sweden

Biofuels are renewable fuels that are produced by living organisms (biomass).

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Biosecurity protocol

Biosecurity protocol refers to several politically controversial attempts to unify global biosecurity measures and responses, in a similar manner to a biosafety protocol.

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Bitfinex

Bitfinex is a cryptocurrency trading platform, owned and operated by iFinex Inc.

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BKD, LLP

BKD, LLP, formerly Baird, Kurtz & Dobson, is one of the largest U.S. accounting and advisory firms, providing consulting, tax, assurance and accounting outsourcing solutions to businesses, government entities, not-for-profit organizations and individuals.

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Black market

A black market, underground economy, or shadow economy is a clandestine market or transaction that has some aspect of illegality or is characterized by some form of noncompliant behavior with an institutional set of rules.

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Black suffrage in Pennsylvania

Prior the early 1800s wealthy African-American men could vote just as their rich European-American male counterparts could.

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Bloomberg BNA

Bloomberg BNA, formerly known as The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. and BNA, is a subsidiary of Bloomberg L.P. and a source of legal, tax, regulatory, and business information for professionals.

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Bo Ackal

Elias Ackal, Jr., known as Bo Ackal (November 25, 1934 – October 14, 1999), was a Democratic politician from New Iberia, Louisiana, USA.

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Boards of Cooperative Educational Services

In 1948, the New York State Legislature created the Boards of Cooperative Educational Services (BOCES) to provide school districts with a program of shared educational services.

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Bob Bullock

Robert Douglas Bullock, Sr., known as Bob Bullock (July 10, 1929 – June 18, 1999), was a Democratic politician from Texas, whose career spanned four decades.

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Bob Wills

James Robert Wills (March 6, 1905 – May 13, 1975) was an American Western swing musician, songwriter, and bandleader.

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Bogue Banks

Bogue Banks form a barrier island off the mainland of North Carolina in Carteret County.

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Bogufał II

Bogufał II also known as Boguchwał II was a thirteenth century Bishop of Poznań in Poland.

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Bojonegoro Regency

Bojonegoro Regency (Kabupaten Bojonegoro, older spelling is Kabupaten Bodjanegara) is a regency in East Java, Indonesia, about 110 km west of Surabaya.

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Bonus Bonds

Bonus Bonds is a New Zealand unit trust founded in 1970 with a reward scheme based on cash prizes.

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Book of business (law)

Book of business is common parlance in the United States legal services sector and refers to the collection of clients that a lawyer (usually a partner) has assembled throughout his or her career.

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Boomsday (novel)

Boomsday is a 2007 novel by Christopher Buckley, which is a political satire about the rivalry between squandering Baby Boomers and younger generations of Americans who do not want to pay high taxes for their elders' retirement.

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Borbeck-Mitte

Borbeck-Mitte is the central borough of Borbeck, the fourth suburban district of Essen, Germany.

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Boris Morozov

Boris Ivanovich Morozov (Russian, Борис Иванович Морозов) (1590–1661) was a Russian statesman and boyar who led the Russian government during the early reign of Tsar Alexis, whose tutor and brother-in-law he was.

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Bottom of the harbour tax avoidance

Bottom of the harbour tax avoidance was a form of tax avoidance used in Australia in the 1970s.

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Boyd Coddington

Boyd Leon Coddington (August 28, 1944 – February 27, 2008) was an American hot rod designer, the owner of the Boyd Coddington Hot Rod Shop and star of American Hot Rod on TLC.

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Bradford Kelleher

Bradford Kelleher (July 31, 1920 – October 31, 2007) reinvented the Metropolitan Museum of Art's gift shop and merchandise marketing program in the 1960s.

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Braeburn Capital

Braeburn Capital Inc. is an asset management company based in Reno, Nevada and a subsidiary of Apple Inc. Its offices are located at 6900 S. McCarran Boulevard in Reno.

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Bram Moszkowicz

Abraham Maarten 'Bram' Moszkowicz (born 26 June 1960) is a Dutch jurist and former lawyer.

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Braunstonbury

The lost village of Braunstonbury lies in low ground south-west of the village of Braunston in the English county of Northamptonshire.

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Brdo pri Lukovici

Brdo pri Lukovici (EggLeksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 16.) is a small settlement next to Lukovica in the eastern part of the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

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Brenthurst Initiative

The Brenthurst Initiative was a 2003 policy paper on Black Economic Empowerment in South Africa by Jonathan and Nicky Oppenheimer that called for tax incentives to encourage economic growth and black wealth creation.

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British and Creole intervention in the Sierra Leone hinterland in the 19th century

Sierra Leone assumed its present large geographical size only in 1896.

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British Hovercraft Corporation AP1-88

The British Hovercraft Corporation AP1-88 is a medium-size hovercraft.

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British North America Acts

The British North America Acts 1867–1975 are a series of Acts at the core of the constitution of Canada.

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British Protectorate

British Protectorates were territories in which the British Crown exercised sovereign jurisdiction.

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Broadsheet

A broadsheet is the largest newspaper format and is characterized by long vertical pages (typically). Other common newspaper formats include the smaller Berliner and tabloid/compact formats.

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Brotherhood of Saint George

The Brotherhood of Saint George was a short-lived military guild, which was founded in Dublin in 1474 for the defence of the crucial English-held territory of the Pale.

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Brotherhood of St Laurence

The Brotherhood of St Laurence is an Australian not-for-profit organisation that works toward a vision of an Australia free of poverty.

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Brownville, Nebraska

Brownville is a village in Nemaha County, Nebraska, United States.

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Brympton d'Evercy

Brympton d'Evercy (also known as Brympton House) is a manor house near Yeovil in the county of Somerset, England.

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Buchanan, Ingersoll & Rooney

Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC is a large U.S. law firm and lobbying group based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

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Buckhead

Buckhead is the uptown district of Atlanta, Fulton County, Georgia, comprising approximately the northern fifth of the city.

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Budget freeze

A budget freeze is a term for when a budget for an aspect of government or business is fixed- or frozen- at a specific level.

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Budince

Budince (Budaháza) is a village and municipality in Michalovce District in the Kosice Region of eastern Slovakia.

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Budkovce

Budkovce (Butka) a village and municipality in Michalovce District in the Kosice Region of eastern Slovakia.

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Bupa

Bupa is an international healthcare group, with its origins and headquarters in the United Kingdom but now serving 32 million customers in 190 countries.

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Burgebrach

Burgebrach is a market town in the Upper Franconian district of Bamberg and the seat of the administrative community (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) of Burgebrach.

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Burkhanism

Burkhanism or Ak Jang is a new religious movement that flourished among the indigenous people of Russia's Gorno Altai region (okrug) between 1904 and the 1930s.

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Business

Business is the activity of making one's living or making money by producing or buying and selling products (goods and services).

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Business and occupation tax

The business and occupation tax (often abbreviated as the B & O tax) is a type of tax levied by the U.S. states of Washington, West Virginia, and, as of 2010, Ohio, and by municipal governments in West Virginia and Kentucky.

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Business Anti-Corruption Portal

The Business Anti-Corruption Portal (BACP) is a one-stop shop for business anti-corruption information offering tools on how to mitigate risks and costs of corruption when doing business abroad.

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Business cluster

A business cluster is a geographic concentration of interconnected businesses, suppliers, and associated institutions in a particular field.

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Business failure

Business failure refers to a company ceasing operations following its inability to make a profit or to bring in enough revenue to cover its expenses.

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Business method patent

Business method patents are a class of patents which disclose and claim new methods of doing business.

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Byrd Amendment

The Byrd Amendment is also known as the Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of 2000 (CDSOA).

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Bystré (Svitavy District)

Bystré (Bistrau) is a town in the Czech Republic.

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CA Intermediate Course

CA Intermediate is second level exam in the Chartered Accountancy Course.

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Cabinet of Karađorđe Petrović

In 1811, Karađorđe formed a new People's Governing Council along with his adversaries during the National Assembly meeting in Belgrade.

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Cable television by region

The distribution of cable television around the world.

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Cadastre

A cadastre (also spelled cadaster) is a comprehensive land recording of the real estate or real property's metes-and-bounds of a country.

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Cain bairns

Cain bairns or kain bairns were infants who, according to Scottish superstition, were seized by warlocks and witches, and paid as a tax or tithe to the Devil.

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Cajemé

Cajemé / Kahe'eme (Yoeme or Yaqui Language for "the one who does not stop to drink water"'), born José María Bonifacio Leyva Pérez (also spelled Leiva) was a prominent Yaqui military leader who lived in the Mexican state of Sonora from 1835 to 1887.

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California elections, 1998

California's state elections were held November 3, 1998.

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California elections, 2004

California's state elections were held November 2, 2004.

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California elections, November 2010

The California state elections, November 2010 were held on November 2, 2010.

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California gubernatorial recall election

The 2003 California gubernatorial recall election was a special election permitted under California state law.

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California Municipal Treasurers Association

California Municipal Treasurers Association (CMTA) is the professional society of active public treasurers of California counties, cities, and special districts.

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California Proposition 10 (1998)

California Proposition 10 (1998) is an initiative state constitutional amendment that appeared in the 1998 California General Election.

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California Proposition 82 (2006)

California Proposition 82 was a proposition on the ballot for California voters in the primary election of June 6, 2006.

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California Republican Assembly

The California Republican Assembly (CRA) is a conservative California Republican activist group.

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California State Lottery

The California State Lottery, also known as the California Lottery, began on November 6, 1984, after California voters passed Proposition 37, the California State Lottery Act of 1984, to authorize the creation of a lottery.

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California Taxpayers Association

The California Taxpayers Association is an advocacy organization in the U.S. state of California founded in 1926 to promote lower taxes in the state.

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Caligula

Caligula (Latin: Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus; 31 August 12 – 24 January 41 AD) was Roman emperor from AD 37 to AD 41.

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Caliphate

A caliphate (خِلافة) is a state under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (خَليفة), a person considered a religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire ummah (community).

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Campaigns of Nader Shah

The campaigns of Nader Shah were a series of conflicts fought in the early to mid-eighteenth century throughout Central Eurasia primarily by the Persian conqueror Nader Shah.

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Canadian federal election, 2004

The Canadian federal election, 2004 (more formally, the 38th General Election), was held on June 28, 2004, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 38th Parliament of Canada.

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Canadian import duties

Canadian import duties is the amount of tax or tariff paid while importing goods into Canada.

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Canadian Pari-Mutuel Agency

The Canadian Pari-Mutuel Agency is a Canadian government Special Operating Agency of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada that regulates and supervises pari-mutuel betting on horse racing at racetracks across the country, to ensure that pari-mutuel betting is done in a fair way to benefit the public.

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Canadian Tax Foundation

The Canadian Tax Foundation was founded in 1945 as an independent, non-partisan, non-profit tax research organization under the joint sponsorship of the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants and the Canadian Bar Association.

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Canning Fok

Canning Fok Kin-ning (born 1951 in Hong Kong) is a Hong Kong entrepreneur.

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Cantons of Switzerland

The 26 cantons of Switzerland (Kanton, canton, cantone, chantun) are the member states of the Swiss Confederation.

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Canudos

Canudos is a municipality in the northeast region of Bahia, Brazil.

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Capital accumulation

Capital accumulation (also termed the accumulation of capital) is the dynamic that motivates the pursuit of profit, involving the investment of money or any financial asset with the goal of increasing the initial monetary value of said asset as a financial return whether in the form of profit, rent, interest, royalties or capital gains.

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Capital cost

Capital costs are fixed, one-time expenses incurred on the purchase of land, buildings, construction, and equipment used in the production of goods or in the rendering of services.

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Capital flight

Capital flight, in economics, occurs when assets or money rapidly flow out of a country, due to an event of economic consequence.

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Capital formation

Capital formation is a concept used in macroeconomics, national accounts and financial economics.

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Capital gains tax

A capital gains tax (CGT) is a tax on capital gains, the profit realized on the sale of a non-inventory asset that was greater than the amount realized on the sale.

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Capital structure

In finance, particularly corporate finance capital structure is the way a corporation finances its assets through some combination of equity, debt, or hybrid securities.

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Capitalism

Capitalism is an economic system based upon private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.

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Car donation

Car donation is the practice of giving away no-longer-wanted automobiles or other vehicles to charitable organizations.

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Carbon tax

A carbon tax is a tax levied on the carbon content of fuels.

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Carding (fraud)

Carding is a term describing the trafficking of credit card, bank account and other personal information online as well as related fraud services.

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Carl E. Grunsky

Carl Ewald Grunsky (April 4, 1855 – June 9, 1934) was a geologist and civil engineer throughout the mid 19th century.

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Carl Zabel

Carl A. M. Zabel (March 19, 1837 - ?) was an American merchant and manufacturer from Milwaukee, Wisconsin who spent one term as an independent member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

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Carlingford, County Louth

Carlingford (Cairlinn) is a coastal town and civil parish in northern County Louth, Ireland.

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Carlo Antonio Broggia

Carlo Antonio Broggia (1698–1767) was an Italian merchant and economist.

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Carnet de Passages en Douane

The Carnet de Passages en Douane (CPD) is a customs document that identifies a traveller's motor vehicle or other valuable equipment or baggage.

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Carr, Riggs & Ingram, LLC

Carr, Riggs & Ingram, LLC is the largest certified public accounting firm headquartered in the Gulf Coast region of the United States.

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CaseWare International

CaseWare International Inc.

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Cash Investigation

This article is a partial translation of the Cash investigation article on the French Wikipedia. The image and some of the information it contains were drawn from there. Cash Investigation is a French television news show. It produces investigative reports in the financial and business space. The investigations cover subjects such as greenwashing, neuromarketing and child labor. They also take on the diversion of public funds, tax evasion, lobbyist influence, conflicts of interest and information manipulation by spin doctors. Put out by the Premières Lignes (Front Lines) production group, Luc Hermann and veteran journalist Paul Moreira, the broadcast operates in the tradition of such investigation news shows as 60 Minutes, Panorama, Frontline and Enquête (Inquiry).

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Cash out refinancing

Cash out refinancing (in the case of real property) occurs when a loan is taken out on property already owned, and the loan amount is above and beyond the cost of transaction, payoff of existing liens, and related expenses.

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Casper Petersen

Casper H. M. Petersen (often spelled Peterson) (March 14, 1826 – July 16, 1906) was an American schoolteacher, businessman and farmer from New Holstein, Wisconsin who spent four non-consecutive terms as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Calumet County, Wisconsin.

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Castles (video game)

Castles is a video game developed by Quicksilver and published by Interplay Entertainment in 1991 and 1992.

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Catasto

Catasto is the Italian system of land registration.

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Cattle count

In Ancient Egypt, the cattle count was one of the two main means of evaluating the amount of taxes to be levied, the other one being the height of the annual inundation.

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Causes of the Dutch Revolt

The causes of the Dutch Revolt and the ensuing Eighty Years War, considered to have started in June 1568, were a number of incidents and frictions had accumulated between the Dutch provinces and their Habsburg overlord.

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Câbi

Câbi was the title given to tax and revenue collectors in the Ottoman Empire.

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CCH Canadian

CCH Canadian Limited is one of the four operating units of Wolters Kluwer Tax & Accounting.

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Centerville High School Performing Arts Center

The Centerville Schools Performing Arts Center is a theater venue in the Dayton, Ohio area that opened in December 2007.

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Central Democratic Association

The Central Democratic Association, also known as the Democratic Association or the Democrats, was a political party of Chartists which was prominent in Sheffield in the mid-nineteenth century.

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Central Greyhound Lines

Central Greyhound Lines is a name used in six different contexts or applications in the intercity highway-coach industry in the USA.

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Central National Committee

Central National Committee (Polish: Komitet Centralny Narodowy (KCN)) was the underground coordinating committee of the Polish independence movement in 1860's Congress Poland which was responsible for preparing a general uprising against Tsarist rule in order to reestablish Polish independence, lost after the Partitions of Poland.

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Central Railroad of Pennsylvania

The Central Railroad of Pennsylvania was an attempt by the Central Railroad of New Jersey to avoid certain New Jersey taxes on their Pennsylvania lines.

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Centre Party (Sweden)

The Centre Party (Centerpartiet, abbreviated C) is a liberal and agrarian political party in Sweden.

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Certified California Municipal Treasurer

A Certified California Municipal Treasurer (CCMT) is a post-nominal professional certification awarded by the California Municipal Treasurers Association (CMTA) to California public treasurers who meet standards of education, experience and a stated commitment to a code of ethics.

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Cess

Cess is a tax.

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Chad under Félix Malloum

The 1975 coup d'état in Chad that terminated Tombalbaye's government received an enthusiastic response in the capital N'Djamena.

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Chalkboard Project

The Chalkboard Project, launched in 2004, is a non-partisan nonprofit working to unite Oregonians to make K–12 public schools among the nation’s best.

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Chamber of Tax Advisers of the Czech Republic

The Chamber of Tax Advisers of the Czech Republic is an institution guaranteeing high professional level of tax advisory services in the Czech Republic.

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Chamberlain v Surrey School District No 36

Chamberlain v Surrey School District No 36, 4 S.C.R. 710, 2002 SCC 86, was a case in which the Supreme Court of Canada held that a local school board could not impose its religious values by refusing to permit the use of books that sought to promote tolerance of same-sex relationships.

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Champart

Champart was a tax in Medieval France levied by landowners on tenants.

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Chancellor (Poland)

Chancellor of Poland (Kanclerz -, from cancellarius) was one of the highest officials in the historic Poland.

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Charles Haros

Charles Haros was a geometer (mathematician) in the French Bureau du Cadastre at the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth century.

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Charles III William, Margrave of Baden-Durlach

Charles III William (Karl III.; Durlach, by Johann Wilhelm Braun, a historian and former employee of the Commission for Regional History, in Badische Neueste Nachrichten, 30 January 2011, p. 4 – 12 May 1738, Karlsruhe) was Margrave of Baden-Durlach between 1709 and 1738.

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Charles Mathias

Charles McCurdy "Mac" Mathias Jr. (July 24, 1922 – January 25, 2010) was a Republican member of the United States Senate, representing Maryland from 1969 to 1987.

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Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden

Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden, PC (baptised 21 March 1714 – 18 April 1794) was an English lawyer, judge and Whig politician who was first to hold the title of Earl Camden.

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Charles Tilly

Charles Tilly (May 27, 1929 – April 29, 2008) was an American sociologist, political scientist, and historian who wrote on the relationship between politics and society.

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Charles W. Jones

Charles William Jones (December 24, 1834October 11, 1897) was a United States Senator from Florida.

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Charles William Eliot

Charles William Eliot (March 20, 1834 – August 22, 1926) was an American academic who was selected as Harvard's president in 1869.

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Chartalism

In macroeconomics, chartalism is a theory of money which argues that money originated with states' attempts to direct economic activity rather than as a spontaneous solution to the problems with barter or as a means with which to tokenize debt, and that fiat currency has value in exchange because of sovereign power to levy taxes on economic activity payable in the currency they issue.

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Chartered Certified Accountant

Chartered Certified Accountant (designatory letters ACCA or FCCA) was historically seen as a British qualified accountant designation awarded by the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA).

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Cheng Hao

Chéng Hào (1032–1085), Courtesy name Bóchún, was a neo-Confucian philosopher from Luoyang, China.

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Cherry Bekaert

Cherry Bekaert LLP (formerly Cherry, Bekaert & Holland L.L.P.) is the second largest certified public accounting firm headquartered in the Southeast United States and the 25th largest in the United States.

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Chhibramau

Chhibramau is a city with the status of "Nagar Palika Parishad" and a Subdivision of Kannauj district in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India.

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Childcare voucher scheme

The Childcare Voucher Scheme is a UK government initiative aimed at helping working parents to benefit from tax efficiencies in order to save money on childcare.

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Choice editing

Choice editing refers to the active process of controlling or limiting the choices available to consumers so as to drive to an end goal, specifically by banning things or imposing punitive taxation.

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Christiaan De Wilde

Christiaan De Wilde is a Belgian businessman, and he is at present the Chief Executive Officer of the Belgian biotech company Innogenetics.

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Christian V of Denmark

Christian V (15 April 1646 25 August 1699) was king of Denmark and Norway from 1670 until his death in 1699.

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Christoph Broelsch

Christoph Broelsch (born 14 September 1944 in Hanau) is a German surgeon and former high school teacher.

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Chronic inflation

Chronic inflation is an economic phenomenon occurring when a country experiences high inflation for a prolonged period of time (several years or decades) due to undue expansion or increase of the money supply.

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Chukai

Chukai, also known by the name of Kemaman Town (est. pop. (2017): over 170,000) is a mukim and capital of Kemaman District, Terengganu, Malaysia.

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Chulalongkorn

Phra Bat Somdet Phra Poraminthra Maha Chulalongkorn Phra Chunla Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua (พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาจุฬาลงกรณ์ พระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว), or Rama V (20 September 1853 – 23 October 1910), was the fifth monarch of Siam under the House of Chakri.

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Church tax

A church tax is a tax imposed on members of some religious congregations in Austria, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Sweden, some parts of Switzerland and several other countries.

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Cider Bill of 1763

The Cider Bill of 1763 was a proposed measure by the British government of Lord Bute to put a tax on the production of cider.

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Cigarette taxes in the United States

In the United States cigarettes are taxed at both the federal and state levels, in addition to any state and local sales taxes and local cigarette-specific taxes.

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Circulus (theory)

Circulus was a socioeconomics doctrine devised by nineteenth-century French utopian socialist Pierre Leroux (1797-1871), who proposed that human excrement be collected by the state in the form of a tax and used as fertiliser, thereby increasing agricultural production sufficiently to prevent Malthusian catastrophe.

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Cities XL

Cities XL (originally Cities Unlimited) is a city-building video game developed by Monte Cristo as a sequel to their earlier title City Life.

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Cities XL 2011

Cities XL 2011 is a city simulator developed by Focus Home Interactive.

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City

A city is a large human settlement.

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City limits

The terms city limit and city boundary refer to the defined boundary or border of a city.

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City of Clarence

Clarence City Council (or City of Clarence) is a local government body in Tasmania, and one of the five municipalities that constitutes the Greater Hobart Area.

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City of Oakland's Zero Waste Program

The City of Oakland, California, adopted a Zero Waste Strategic Plan in 2006, detailing a road map for the City to follow toward the implementation of a Zero Waste System by 2020.

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City rights in the Low Countries

City rights are a feature of the medieval history of the Low Countries.

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Civil conscription

Civil conscription is conscription used for forcing people to work in non-military projects.

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Civil Disobedience (Thoreau)

Resistance to Civil Government (Civil Disobedience) is an essay by American transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau that was first published in 1849.

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Civil Service in early India

During 313 BC, in the Mauryan period Kautilya created the treatise called Kautilya Arthashastra.

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Civilization

A civilization or civilisation (see English spelling differences) is any complex society characterized by urban development, social stratification imposed by a cultural elite, symbolic systems of communication (for example, writing systems), and a perceived separation from and domination over the natural environment.

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Class conflict

Class conflict, frequently referred to as class warfare or class struggle, is the tension or antagonism which exists in society due to competing socioeconomic interests and desires between people of different classes.

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Clearing (finance)

In banking and finance, clearing denotes all activities from the time a commitment is made for a transaction until it is settled.

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CliftonLarsonAllen

CliftonLarsonAllen LLP (known as CliftonLarsonAllen or CLA) is a professional services network and the eighth largest, Accounting Today, 2018.

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Clinton v. City of New York

Clinton v. City of New York,, is a legal case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the line-item veto as granted in the Line Item Veto Act of 1996 violated the Presentment Clause of the United States Constitution because it impermissibly gave the President of the United States the power to unilaterally amend or repeal parts of statutes that had been duly passed by the United States Congress.

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Closed-end leasing

Closed-end leasing is a contract-based system governed by law in the U.S. and Canada.

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Coastal development hazards

A coastal development hazard is something that affects the natural environment by man-made products.

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Cochichewick River

The Cochichewick River, also known as Cochichewick Brook, is a U.S. Geological Survey.

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Coco Levy Fund scam

The Coco Levy Fund Scam was a controversy in the 1970s and 80's in the Philippines involving the former President Ferdinand Marcos and his cronies.

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Coin of account

A coin of account is a unit of money that does not exist as an actual coin (that is, a metal disk) but is used in figuring prices or other amounts of money.

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Colombian economy and politics 1929–58

Since the year 1929 the Liberal Party period began.

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Commission on Private Philanthropy and Public Needs

The Commission on Private Philanthropy and Public Needs, better known as the Filer Commission, was formed in 1973 to study philanthropy, the role of the private sector in American society, and then to recommend measures to increase voluntary giving.

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Commissioner v. Glenshaw Glass Co.

Commissioner v. Glenshaw Glass Co., 348 U.S. 426 (1955), was an important income tax case before the United States Supreme Court.

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Commissioner v. Groetzinger

Commissioner v. Groetzinger, 480 U.S. 23 (1987), is a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States, which addressed the issue of what qualifies as being either a trade or business under Section 162(a) of the Internal Revenue Code.

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Commodity currency

A commodity currency is a name given to some currencies that co-move with the world prices of primary commodity products, due to these countries' heavy dependency on the export of certain raw materials for income.

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Communist Party of the Netherlands

The Communist Party of the Netherlands (Communistische Partij Nederland,, CPN) was a Dutch communist party.

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Community separator

In urban planning in the United States, a community separator (or simply a separator) is a parcel of undeveloped land, sometimes in the form of open space, separating two or more urban areas under different municipal jurisdictions which has been designated to provide a permanent low-density area preserving the communal integrity of the two municipalities.

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Commuter tax

A commuter tax is a tax (generally on either income or wages) levied upon persons who work, but do not live, in a particular jurisdiction.

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Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional

Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN) is the second major steel-maker company in Brazil.

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Comparison of accounting software

The following comparison of accounting software documents the various features and differences between different professional accounting software and personal finance packages.

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Competition

Competition is, in general, a contest or rivalry between two or more entities, organisms, animals, individuals, economic groups or social groups, etc., for territory, a niche, for scarce resources, goods, for mates, for prestige, recognition, for awards, for group or social status, or for leadership and profit.

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Competitive Tax Plan

The Competitive Tax Plan is an approach to taxation, suggested in the United States, that would impose a 10–15% value added tax (VAT) and reduce personal and corporate income taxes.

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Complementary currency

A complementary currency is a currency or medium of exchange which is not a national currency, but which is thought of as supplementing or complementing national currencies.

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Comptroller of Maryland

The Comptroller of Maryland, United States, currently Peter Franchot, is the state's thirty-third chief financial officer, elected by the people to a four-year term.

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Concordancia (Argentina)

The Concordancia was a political alliance in Argentina.

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Conditional sentence (Canada)

A conditional sentence is a non-custodial punishment for crime.

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Confederate Congressional elections, 1863

Elections to the Confederate States Congress were held from May to November 1863, during what was intended to be the midterm of President Jefferson Davis' aborted six-year term.

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Confederate war finance

Confederate war finance was the various means, fiscal and monetary, through which the Confederate States of America financed their war effort during the American Civil War.

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Conflict of interest

A conflict of interest (COI) is a situation in which a person or organization is involved in multiple interests, financial or otherwise, and serving one interest could involve working against another.

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Conservation easement

In the United States, a conservation easement (also called conservation covenant, conservation restriction or conservation servitude) is a power invested in a qualified private land conservation organization (often called a "land trust") or government (municipal, county, state or federal) to constrain, as to a specified land area, the exercise of rights otherwise held by a landowner so as to achieve certain conservation purposes.

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Conservative Party (Czech Republic)

The Conservative Party (Konzervativní strana), abbreviated to KONS, is a small centre-right political party in the Czech Republic.

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Consolidated Fund

"Consolidated fund" or "consolidated revenue fund" is a term used in many countries with political systems derived from the Westminster system to describe the main bank account of the government.

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Consolidation (business)

In business, consolidation or amalgamation is the merger and acquisition of many smaller companies into a few much larger ones.

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Consorcio de Compensacion de Seguros

The Consorcio de Compensacion de Seguros is a compulsory Government catastrophic risk insurance in Spain.

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Constantine Hangerli

Constantine Hangerli (Κωνσταντίνος Χατζερής, Konstantinos Chatzeris; died 18 February 1799), also written as Constantin Hangerliu, was a Prince of Wallachia, then part of the Ottoman Empire, between 1797 and the time of his death.

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Constantine Mavrocordatos

Constantine Mavrocordatos (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Μαυροκορδάτος, Romanian: Constantin Mavrocordat; February 27, 1711November 23, 1769) was a Greek noble who served as Prince of Wallachia and Prince of Moldavia at several intervals.

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Constitution

A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed.

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Constitution of Alabama

The Constitution of the State of Alabama is the basic governing document of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Constitution of Alaska

The Constitution of the State of Alaska was ratified in 1956 and took effect with Alaska's admission to the United States as a U.S. state on January 3, 1959.

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Constitution of Andorra

The Constitution of Andorra (Constitució d'Andorra) is the supreme law of the Principality of Andorra.

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Constitution of Azerbaijan

The Constitution of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan konstitusiyası) was adopted on 12 November 1995 by popular referendum.

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Constitution of Bhutan

The Constitution of Bhutan (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་གི་རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཆེན་མོ་; Wylie: 'Druk-gi cha-thrims-chen-mo) was enacted 18 July 2008 by the Royal Government of Bhutan.

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Constitution of Brazil

The Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil (Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil) is the supreme law of Brazil.

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Constitution of Illinois

The Constitution of the State of Illinois is the governing document of the state of Illinois.

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Constitution of Italy

The Constitution of the Italian Republic (Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana) was enacted by the Constituent Assembly on 22 December 1947, with 453 votes in favour and 62 against.

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Constitution of Japan

The is the fundamental law of Japan.

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Constitution of Ohio

The Ohio Constitution is the basic governing document of the State of Ohio, which in 1803 became the 17th state to join the United States of America.

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Constitution Party (United States)

The Constitution Party, previously known as the U.S. Taxpayers' Party, is a national political party in the United States.

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Constitutionalization attempts in Iran

The Persian Constitutional Revolution was a short-lived push for democratic rule in the form of a constitutional monarchy within a highly elitist yet decentralized society under the Qajars.

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Construction industry of Romania

Construction activity (about 10% of GDP) has increased due to recent tax incentives.

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Construction of the World Trade Center

The construction of the first World Trade Center complex in New York City was conceived as an urban renewal project to help revitalize Lower Manhattan spearheaded by David Rockefeller.

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Consumer math

Consumer math comprises practical mathematical techniques used in commerce and everyday life.

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Consumer spending

Consumer spending, consumption, or consumption expenditure is the acquisition of goods and services by individuals or families.

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Consumer-driven healthcare

Consumer-driven healthcare (CDHC), defined narrowly, refers to third-tier health insurance plans that allow members to use health savings accounts (HSAs), Health Reimbursement Accounts (HRAs), or similar medical payment products to pay routine healthcare expenses directly, but a high-deductible health plan protects them from catastrophic medical expenses.

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Consumption tax

A consumption tax is a tax levied on consumption spending on goods and services.

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Contemporary anarchism

Anarchism is a political philosophy which holds the state to be undesirable, unnecessary, or harmful.

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Contract from America

The Contract from America was the idea of Houston-based attorney Ryan Hecker.

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Convertibility plan

The Argentine Currency Board pegged the Argentine peso to the U.S. dollar between 1991 and 2002 in an attempt to eliminate hyperinflation and stimulate economic growth.

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Copper Canyon, Texas

Copper Canyon is a town in Denton County, Texas, United States.

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Copper Riot

The Copper Coin Riot, also known as the Moscow Uprising of 1662 (Медный бунт, Московское восстание 1662 года) was a major riot in Moscow, which took place on.

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Cornelia Templeton Hatcher

Cornelia Hatcher (1867–1953) was an American suffragette and temperance activist.

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Cornish rebellion of 1497

The Cornish rebellion of 1497 (Cornish: Rebellyans Kernow) was a popular uprising by the people of Cornwall.

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Corporate bond

A corporate bond is a bond issued by a corporation in order to raise financing for a variety of reasons such as to ongoing operations, M&A, or to expand business.

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Corporate social responsibility

Corporate social responsibility (CSR, also called corporate sustainability, sustainable business, corporate conscience, corporate citizenship or responsible business) is a type of international private business self-regulation.

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Corporation tax in France

Corporate tax in France deals with the tax payable in France on the profits earned by companies.

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Cort v. Ash

Cort v. Ash, 422 U.S. 66 (1975), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court determined whether a court may imply a cause of action from a criminal statute.

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Cortes of Cádiz

The Cádiz Cortes was the first national assembly to claim sovereignty in Spain.

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Corvée

Corvée is a form of unpaid, unfree labour, which is intermittent in nature and which lasts limited periods of time: typically only a certain number of days' work each year.

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Cost of capital

In economics and accounting, the cost of capital is the cost of a company's funds (both debt and equity), or, from an investor's point of view "the required rate of return on a portfolio company's existing securities".

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Cost segregation study

Under United States tax laws and accounting rules, cost segregation is the process of identifying personal property assets that are grouped with real property assets, and separating out personal assets for tax reporting purposes.

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Cost-of-production theory of value

In economics, the cost-of-production theory of value is the theory that the price of an object or condition is determined by the sum of the cost of the resources that went into making it.

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Costas Meghir

Konstantinos "Costas" Meghir (Κωνσταντίνος (Κώστας) Εκτώρ Δημήτριος Μεγήρ, transcr. Konstantinos Ektor Dimitrios Meghir, born February 13, 1959) is a Greek/British economist.

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Costs in English law

In English civil litigation, costs are the lawyers' fees and disbursements of the parties.

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Cotton

Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae.

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Cotton Industry (Reorganisation) Act 1936

The Cotton Industry (Reorganisation) Act 1936 was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom which introduced a compulsory levy on cotton machinery.

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Council Tax

Council Tax is a local taxation system used in England, Scotland and Wales.

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Counter-IED efforts

Counter-IED efforts are done primarily by military and law enforcement (led by intelligence efforts) with the assistance of the diplomatic and financial communities.

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County

A county is a geographical region of a country used for administrative or other purposes,Chambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations.

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County Cork

County Cork (Contae Chorcaí) is a county in Ireland.

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County Galway

County Galway (Contae na Gaillimhe) is a county in Ireland.

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Court Jew

In the early modern period, a court Jew, or court factor (Hofjude, Hoffaktor), was a Jewish banker who handled the finances of, or lent money to, European royalty and nobility.

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Court of Castle Chamber

The Court of Castle Chamber (which was sometimes simply called the Star Chamber) was an Irish Court of special jurisdiction which operated in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

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Court of First Fruits and Tenths

First Fruits and Tenths was a form of tax on clergy taking up a benefice or ecclesiastical position in Great Britain.

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CPA Magazine

CPA Magazine is a tax and technology resource for accounting and tax professionals delivered in online digital, email and print versions.

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Crane v. Commissioner

Crane v. Commissioner, 331 U.S. 1 (1947), was a case heard before the United States Supreme Court concerning the value, for tax purposes, of inherited property with a nonrecourse mortgage encumbering it.

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Credit card

A credit card is a payment card issued to users (cardholders) to enable the cardholder to pay a merchant for goods and services based on the cardholder's promise to the card issuer to pay them for the amounts so paid plus the other agreed charges.

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Credit Suisse Securities Japan Limited “Mass Understatement of Income Tax” Case

It started in November 2008, 300 of employees and former employees of Credit Suisse Securities were summoned from the competent tax office simultaneously.

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Credit theory of money

Credit theories of money (also called debt theories of money) are theories concerning the relationship between credit and money.

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Criticism of democracy

Criticism of democracy is grounded in democracy's contested definition—its purpose, process, and outcomes.

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Criticism of the National Health Service (England)

Criticism of the National Health Service (England) includes issues such as access, waiting lists, healthcare coverage, and various scandals.

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Croatia–Slovenia border disputes

Following the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, Slovenia and Croatia became independent countries.

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Croatian kuna

The kuna is the currency of Croatia, in use since 1994 (ISO 4217 code: HRK).

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Croatian-Venetian wars

The Croatian–Venetian wars were a series of periodical, punctuated medieval conflicts and naval campaigns waged for control of the northeastern coast of the Adriatic Sea between the City-state (later the Republic) of Venice and the Principality of Croatia (later turned to the Kingdom of Croatia, as well as the Kingdom of Croatia in personal union with Hungary), at times allied with neighbouring territories – the Principality of the Narentines and Zahumlje in the south and Istrian peninsula (then partially ruled by the German feudal families) in the north. First struggles occurred at the very beginning of the existence of two conflict parties (7th and 8th century), they intensified in the 9th century, lessened during the 10th century, but intensified again since the beginning of the 11th century. From the year 1000 Venetian forces managed to subjugate a lot of coastal towns of the Byzantine Theme of Dalmatia, which was ceded from the Byzantine Emperor to the Croatian King. From the 1030s however, after the fall of Doge Otto Orseolo, Croatian kings Stjepan I and his son Petar Krešimir IV succeeded in taking almost the whole coast back, so the latter carried the title King od Croatia and Dalmatia. Since 1085, following the agreement between Venice and Byzantine Empire, Venetians subsequently conquered the significant part of the Croatian coastline. During the 12th century, after Croatia entered a personal union with the Kingdom of Hungary, Croato-Hungarian kings Coloman and Béla II managed to return a considerable territory of Dalmatia and Croatian Littoral to their kingdom, but occasional conflicts almost never ceased. Since that Croatian–Venetian wars were technically theaters of the more wider Hungarian–Venetian Wars. When Louis the Great, the new young king (ruled 1342–1382), decided to expel Venetians from his country, he launched a large campaign in 1356–1358 and forced them to withdraw from Dalmatia. Zadar Peace Treaty was signed on 18 February 1358 and the whole coast from eastern Istria to southern Dalmatia was set free. In 1409 the Republic of Venice used the opportunity of the dynastic struggle that occurred and bought Dalmatia for 100,000 ducats from the Croatian anti-king Ladislaus of Naples, establishing Venetian Dalmatia. Croatian Littoral and eastern Istria remained parts of Croatia, where Croats, together with their allies, rejected Venetian efforts to subject them and fought against Venetians in conflicts like War of the Holy League and Uskok War. Thus a couple of decades after the purchase of Dalmatia by Venice, the Croatian–Venetian Wars became part of larger conflicts of the world's Great powers and were turned into the Ottoman–Venetian wars and Habsburg–Venetian wars.

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Cronyism

Cronyism is the practice of partiality in awarding jobs and other advantages to friends, family relatives or trusted colleagues, especially in politics and between politicians and supportive organizations.

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Cross border attacks in Sabah

The Cross border attacks in Sabah are a series of cross border terrorism perpetrated by the Moro pirates from Mindanao on Sabah that began even before the British colonial period.

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Cross border listings

A commercial company may choose to list its shares in a stock exchange of a country other than that in which the company is based.

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Crowe (company)

Crowe is one of the largest public accounting, consulting, and technology firms in the U.S. Crowe is an independent member of Crowe Global.

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Crowe Global

Crowe Global, previously Crowe Horwath International, is the 8th largest global accounting network in the world.

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Crown Prosecutor (New Zealand)

In New Zealand, a Crown prosecutor is a lawyer appointed to prosecute indictable offences on behalf of the Crown.

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Csávoly

Csávoly (Tschawal, Croatian: Čavolj, Serbian Cyrillic: Чавољ) is a village in Bács-Kiskun county, Hungary.

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Currency transaction tax

A currency transaction tax is a tax placed on the use of currency for various types of transactions.

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Customs

Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting tariffs and for controlling the flow of goods, including animals, transports, personal, and hazardous items, into and out of a country.

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Customs officer

A customs officer is a law enforcement agent who enforces customs laws, on behalf of a government.

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Cynthia H. Milligan

Cynthia Hardin Milligan is a director of Wells Fargo & Company and a former dean of the College of Business Administration at the University of Nebraska at Lincoln.

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Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation

Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation (Ραδιοφωνικό Ίδρυμα Κύπρου, Kıbrıs Radyo Yayın Kurumu), or CyBC (ΡΙΚ, KRYK), is Cyprus' public broadcasting service.

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Cyprus–Russia relations

Cypriot–Russian relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between the Republic of Cyprus and the Russian Federation.

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Cyril Berry

Cyril J J Berry (1918 – 4 November 2002), widely cited as CJJ Berry, is best known as the author of the popular book First Steps in Winemaking, which has sold more than three million copies worldwide.

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D'Amore-McKim School of Business

The Northeastern University D'Amore-McKim School of Business was founded in 1922 and the Graduate School of Business Administration in 1952.

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Dacke War

The Dacke War (Dackefejden) was a peasant uprising led by Nils Dacke in Småland, Sweden, in 1542 against the rule of Gustav Vasa.

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Danegeld

The Danegeld ("Danish tax", literally "Dane tribute") was a tax raised to pay tribute to the Viking raiders to save a land from being ravaged.

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Dark Age Ahead

Dark Age Ahead is a 2004 book by Jane Jacobs describing what she sees as the decay of five key "pillars" in "North America": community and family, higher education, science and technology, taxes and government responsiveness to citizen's needs, and self-regulation by the learned professions.

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Darnell's Case

The Five Knights' case (1627) 3 How St Tr 1 (also Darnel's or Darnell's case) (K.B. 1627), is a case in English law, and now UK constitutional law, fought by five knights (among them Thomas Darnell) in 1627 against forced loans placed on them by King Charles I in a common law court.

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Dassault Mercure

The Dassault Mercure is a twin-engined narrow-body jet-powered airliner developed and manufactured by French aircraft firm Dassault Aviation.

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DATEV

DATEV is a registered cooperative society (i.e. "eG") that is primarily a technical information services provider for tax, accountant and attorneys.

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David Bradford (lawyer)

David Bradford (1762–1808) was a successful lawyer and deputy attorney-general for Washington County, Pennsylvania in the late 18th century.

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David I of Scotland

David I or Dauíd mac Maíl Choluim (Modern: Daibhidh I mac Chaluim; – 24 May 1153) was a 12th-century ruler who was Prince of the Cumbrians from 1113 to 1124 and later King of the Scots from 1124 to 1153.

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David Kellermann

David B. Kellermann (August 1967 – April 22, 2009) was the acting chief financial officer of Freddie Mac in early 2009.

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David Kocieniewski

David Kocieniewski (born 1963) is an American journalist.

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Dúbravka, Michalovce District

Dúbravka is a village and municipality in Michalovce District in the Košice Region of eastern Slovakia.

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Dead Souls

Dead Souls («Мёртвые души», Mjórtvyje dúshi) is a novel by Nikolai Gogol, first published in 1842, and widely regarded as an exemplar of 19th-century Russian literature.

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Debraď

Debraď (Hungarian Debrőd) is a village and municipality in Košice-okolie District in the Kosice Region of eastern Slovakia.

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Debt crisis

Debt crisis is the general term for a proliferation of massive public debt relative to tax revenues, especially in reference to Latin American countries during the 1980s, the United States and the European Union since the mid-2000s, and the Chinese debt crises of 2015.

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Debt intolerance

Debt intolerance is a term coined by Carmen Reinhart, Kenneth Rogoff and Miguel Savastano referring to the inability of emerging markets to manage levels of external debt that, under the same circumstances, would be manageable for developed countries, making a direct analogy to lactose-intolerant individuals.

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Declaration of Rights and Grievances

The Declaration of Rights and Grievances was a document written by the Stamp Act Congress and passed on October 14, 1765.

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Deen Kemsley

Deen Kemsley is an accounting professor and a Christian author.

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Deez Nuts (politician)

Deez Nuts was a satirical candidate, portrayed by Brady C. Olson, who ran in the 2016 United States presidential election.

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Deferral

A deferral, in accrual accounting, is any account where the asset or liability is not realized until a future date (accounting period), e.g. annuities, charges, taxes, income, etc.

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Deferred compensation

Deferred compensation is an arrangement in which a portion of an employee's income is paid out at a later date after which the income was earned.

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Deferred tax

A notional asset or liability to reflect corporate income taxation on a basis that is the same or more similar to recognition of profits than the taxation treatment.

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Deficit spending

Deficit spending is the amount by which spending exceeds revenue over a particular period of time, also called simply deficit, or budget deficit; the opposite of budget surplus.

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Defined benefit pension plan

A defined benefit pension plan is a type of pension plan in which an employer/sponsor promises a specified pension payment, lump-sum (or combination thereof) on retirement that is predetermined by a formula based on the employee's earnings history, tenure of service and age, rather than depending directly on individual investment returns.

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Deloitte

Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited, commonly referred to as Deloitte, is a UK-incorporated multinational professional services network.

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Demand management

Demand management is a planning methodology used to forecast, plan for and manage the demand for products and services.

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Demerit good

In economics, a demerit good is "a good or service whose consumption is considered unhealthy, degrading, or otherwise socially undesirable due to the perceived negative effects on the consumers themselves".

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Demetrius of Phalerum

Demetrius of Phalerum (also Demetrius of Phaleron or Demetrius Phalereus; Δημήτριος ὁ Φαληρεύς; c. 350 – c. 280 BC) was an Athenian orator originally from Phalerum, a student of Theophrastus, and perhaps of Aristotle, himself, and one of the first Peripatetics.

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Democracy (video game)

Democracy is a government simulation game that was first developed by Positech Games in 2005, with a sequel released in December 2007 and a third game in 2013.

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Democracy and the Common Wealth

Democracy and the Common Wealth: Breaking the Stranglehold of the Special Interests is a 2010 book by urban designer, policy analyst and artist Michael E. Arth.

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Democratic Federation of Northern Syria

The Democratic Federation of Northern Syria (DFNS), commonly known as Rojava, is a de facto autonomous region in northern Syria.

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Demographic history of Bosnia and Herzegovina

This article is about the Demographic history of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and deals with the country's documented demographics over time.

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Demographic history of Kosovo

This article includes information on the demographic history of Kosovo.

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Den (pharaoh)

Den, also known as Hor-Den, Dewen and Udimu, is the Horus name of a pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period who ruled during the First Dynasty of Egypt.

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Dental public health

Dental Public Health (DPH) is a non-clinical specialty of dentistry that deals with the prevention of oral disease and promotion of oral health.

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Department of Finance (New Brunswick)

The Department of Finance is a part of the Government of New Brunswick.

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Depletion (accounting)

Depletion is an accounting and tax concept used most often in mining, timber, petroleum, or other similar industries.

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DeRolph v. State

DeRolph v. State is a landmark case in Ohio constitutional law in which the Supreme Court of Ohio ruled that the state's method for funding public education was unconstitutional.

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Deutsche Bank

Deutsche Bank AG is a German investment bank and financial services company headquartered in Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany.

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Development Impact Tax

A Development Impact Tax taxes new construction.

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Development of non-profit housing in the United States

Non-profit housing developers build affordable housing for individuals under-served by the private market.

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Diakhao

Diakhao (Serer proper: Jaxaaw) is a commune in the Fatick Region in the west of Senegal.

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Diesel fuel

Diesel fuel in general is any liquid fuel used in diesel engines, whose fuel ignition takes place, without any spark, as a result of compression of the inlet air mixture and then injection of fuel.

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Digital divide

A digital divide is an economic and social inequality with regard to access to, use of, or impact of information and communication technologies (ICT).

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Diplomatic immunity

Diplomatic immunity is a form of legal immunity that ensures diplomats are given safe passage and are considered not susceptible to lawsuit or prosecution under the host country's laws, but they can still be expelled.

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Dipping tobacco

Dipping tobacco is a type of finely ground or shredded, moistened smokeless tobacco product.

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Direct tax

Though the actual definitions vary between jurisdictions, in general, a direct tax is a tax imposed upon a person or property as distinct from a tax imposed upon a transaction, which is described as an indirect tax.

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Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union (European Commission)

The Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union is a Directorate-General of the European Commission.

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Dirk Coetsee

Dirk Coetsee (1655 – 1725) was the Hoofdheemraad (Chancellor) of the District of Stellenbosch and Drakenstein in South Africa for most of the 1690s and early 1700s.

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Disclaimer

A disclaimer is generally any statement intended to specify or delimit the scope of rights and obligations that may be exercised and enforced by parties in a legally recognized relationship.

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Discovery (Mike Oldfield album)

Discovery or its alternative title Discovery & The Lake (as printed on the album rear and spine) is the ninth album by Mike Oldfield, released in 1984.

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Discovery Institute

The Discovery Institute (DI) is a politically conservative non-profit think tank based in Seattle, Washington, that advocates the pseudoscientific principle Article available from of intelligent design (ID).

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Disposal tax effect

The situation of additional taxes or tax savings resulting from selling the last item of its class in an inventory due to difference between its undepreciated capital cost (UCC) and its salvage value (SV).

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Disposition effect

The disposition effect is an anomaly discovered in behavioral finance.

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Distribution of wealth

--> The distribution of wealth is a comparison of the wealth of various members or groups in a society.

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District

A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by local government.

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Dividend distribution tax

Dividend distribution tax is the tax imposed by the Indian Government on companies according to the dividend paid to a company's investors.

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Dividend reinvestment plan

A dividend reinvestment program or dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP) is an equity investment option offered directly from the underlying company.

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Dividend stripping

Dividend stripping is the practice of buying shares a short period before a dividend is declared, called cum-dividend, and then selling them when they go ex-dividend, when the previous owner is entitled to the dividend.

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Division 7A dividend

A Division 7A dividend in the Australian tax system is an amount treated by the Australian Tax Office (ATO) as an assessable dividend of a shareholder of a private company that attempts to make a tax-free distributions of profits to the shareholder, or an associate of the shareholder.

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Dixon Hughes Goodman

Dixon Hughes Goodman LLP is the largest certified public accounting firm headquartered in the Southern U.S. and the 17th largest in the United States.

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DLA Piper New Zealand

DLA Piper New Zealand is the first global, business law firm operating in New Zealand.

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Dodge Journey

The Dodge Journey is a mid-size crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by FCA US LLC's Dodge brand since model year 2009, with a mild facelift for 2011 model-year.

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Domestic international sales corporation

The domestic international sales corporation is a provision unique to tax law in the United States.

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Domestic policy

Domestic policy are administrative decisions that are directly related to all issues and activity within a nation's borders.

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Domestic terrorism in the United States

Domestic terrorism in the United States consists of incidents confirmed as terrorist acts.

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Dominican Republic–United States relations

Dominican Republic – United States relations are bilateral relations between the Dominican Republic and the United States.

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Dominion Energy

Dominion Energy, Inc., commonly referred to as Dominion, is an American power and energy company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia that supplies electricity in parts of Virginia and North Carolina and supplies natural gas to parts of West Virginia, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and eastern North Carolina.

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Don Vebole

Don Vebole, whose real name is Jérôme Vebole, born on 18 February 1985 in the department of Val-de-Marne (94), is a French car stylist, businessman and philanthropist with international renown (USA, UK, France and Italy).

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Dorit Rubinstein Reiss

Dorit Rubinstein Reiss is a Professor of Law at UC Hastings College of Law.

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Douane

Douane may refer to.

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Double majority

A double majority is a voting system which requires a majority of votes according to two separate criteria.

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Double the Fist

Double the Fist is an Australian satirical television show which airs on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

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Dover MRT station

Dover MRT station (EW22) is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the East West Line in Queenstown planning area, Singapore.

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DPSIR

DPSIR (Drivers, Pressures, State, Impact, Response model of intervention) is a casual framework for describing the interactions between society and the environment: Human impact on the environment and vice versa because of the interdependence of the components.

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Drahňov

Drahňov is a village and municipality in Michalovce District in the Kosice Region of eastern Slovakia.

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DRL Coachlines

DRL Coachlines is a motor coach bus company operating in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.

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Dual federalism

Dual federalism, also known as layer-cake federalism or divided sovereignty, is a political arrangement in which power is divided between the federal and state governments in clearly defined terms, with state governments exercising those powers accorded to them without interference from the federal government.

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DuPont analysis

DuPont Analysis (also known as the dupont identity, DuPont equation, DuPont Model or the DuPont method) is an expression which breaks ROE (return on equity) into three parts.

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Dutch disease

In economics, the Dutch disease is the apparent causal relationship between the increase in the economic development of a specific sector (for example natural resources) and a decline in other sectors (like the manufacturing sector or agriculture).

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Dutch Formosa

The island of Taiwan, before World War II and until 1970s also commonly known as Formosa, was partly under colonial Dutch rule from 1624 to 1662.

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Dutch people

The Dutch (Dutch), occasionally referred to as Netherlanders—a term that is cognate to the Dutch word for Dutch people, "Nederlanders"—are a Germanic ethnic group native to the Netherlands.

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Dutch public broadcasting system

The Dutch public broadcasting system (Nederlands publieke omroepbestel) is a set of organizations that together take care of public service television and radio broadcasting in the Netherlands.

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Dutch Revolt

The Dutch Revolt (1568–1648)This article adopts 1568 as the starting date of the war, as this was the year of the first battles between armies.

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Duties on Clocks and Watches Act 1797

The Duties on Clocks and Watches Act 1797 (38 Geo. III, c. 108) was an Act passed by the Parliament of Great Britain, instituting a tax on clocks and watches.

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Duty (economics)

In economics, a duty is a kind of tax levied by a state.

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Duty-free permit

Duty-free permit (or Duty-free vehicle permit or Motor Vehicle Permit on Concessionary Terms) is a permit issued by the Treasury of the Government of Sri Lanka that allows its holder to import a vehicle into Sri Lanka on duties concessions or exempt from certain taxes.

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Duty-free shop

Duty-free shops (or stores) are retail outlets that are exempt from the payment of certain local or national taxes and duties, on the requirement that the goods sold will be sold to travelers who will take them out of the country.

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Eady Levy

The Eady Levy was a tax on box office receipts in the United Kingdom, intended to support the British film industry and named after Sir Wilfred Eady.

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Early history of Durrus and District

The village of Durrus with its surrounding townlands is a geographical entity of West Cork, Ireland, inhabited by humans since Neolithic times.

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Earnings

Earnings are the net benefits of a corporation's operation.

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Earnings before interest and taxes

In accounting and finance, earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) is a measure of a firm's profit that includes all expenses except interest and income tax expenses.

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Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization

A company's earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (commonly abbreviated EBITDA, pronounced,, or) is an accounting measure calculated using a company's net earnings, before interest expenses, taxes, depreciation, and amortization are subtracted, as a proxy for a company's current operating profitability (i.e., how much profit it makes with its present assets and its operations on the products it produces and sells, as well as providing a proxy for cash flow).

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Ease of doing business index

The ease of doing business index is an index created by Simeon Djankov at the World Bank Group.

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East African School of Taxation

The East African School of Taxation provides tax training and consultancy services in the East African region.

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East Carolina Land and Railway Company

The East Carolina Land and Railway Company was chartered by Craven County, North Carolina, and the city of New Bern in 1887 to construct a rail line connecting New Bern with Jacksonville, North Carolina.

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East West MRT line

The East West line (EWL) is a high-capacity MRT line, operated by SMRT.

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Eastern Bloc of the FARC-EP

The Eastern Bloc of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, from September 2010 known as Bloque Comandante Jorge Briceño, in honour of the slain guerrilla leader, was considered to be the strongest military faction of the guerrilla group.

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Eastern Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.

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Eastern Refinery Limited

Eastern Refinery Limited or ERL is the sole country-owned oil refinery in Bangladesh.

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Eastlandah David (Wesonga)

Wesonga Eastlandah David is a Kenyan artist, journalist, poet, painter, Youth Ambassador, and the 2008 Adeste Gold medal recipient.

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EcoAuto

The EcoAuto Rebate Program was a Canadian government program administered by Transport Canada to provide incentive to people to buy fuel-efficient vehicles, to protect the environment, through rebates.

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Ecogovernmentality

Ecogovernmentality, (or environmentality), is the application of Foucault’s concepts of biopower and governmentality to the analysis of the regulation of social interactions with the natural world.

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Economic and Business Research Center

The Economic and Business Research Center in the Eller College of Management at The University of Arizona, Tucson, is a unit that has been providing the citizens of Arizona with high quality economic forecasts and applied economic research since 1949.

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Economic development

economic development wikipedia Economic development is the process by which a nation improves the economic, political, and social well-being of its people.

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Economic globalization

Economic globalization is one of the three main dimensions of globalization commonly found in academic literature, with the two others being political globalization and cultural globalization, as well as the general term of globalization.

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Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001

The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (June 7, 2001) was a sweeping piece of tax legislation in the United States passed by the 107th Congress and signed by President George W. Bush.

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Economic history of Africa

The earliest humans were hunter gatherers who were living in small, family groupings.

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Economic history of China (1949–present)

China's economic system before the late-1990s, with state ownership of certain industries and central control over planning and the financial system, has enabled the government to mobilize whatever surplus was available and greatly increase the proportion of the national economic output devoted to investment.

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Economic history of India

The economic history of India is the story of India's evolution from a largely agricultural and trading society to a mixed economy of manufacturing and services while the majority still survives on agriculture.

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Economic history of the Netherlands (1500–1815)

The economic history of the Netherlands (1500–1815) is the history of an economy that scholar Jan de Vries calls the first "modern" economy.

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Economic impact of HIV/AIDS

HIV and AIDS affects economic growth by reducing the availability of human capital.

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Economic impact of immigration to Canada

The economic impact of immigration is an important topic in Canada.

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Economic model

In economics, a model is a theoretical construct representing economic processes by a set of variables and a set of logical and/or quantitative relationships between them.

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Economic policy

The economic policy of governments covers the systems for setting levels of taxation, government budgets, the money supply and interest rates as well as the labour market, national ownership, and many other areas of government interventions into the economy.

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Economic Policy (journal)

Economic Policy is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Oxford Academic on behalf of the Centre for Economic Policy Research, the Center for Economic Studies (University of Munich), and the Paris School of Economics.

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Economic Policy Institute

The Economic Policy Institute is a 501(c)(3) non-profit American think tank based in Washington, D.C. that carries out economic research and analyzes the economic impact of policies and proposals.

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Economic reforms under Peter the Great

In the year 1682, Peter the Great became the new Tsar of Russia.

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Economic rent

In economics, economic rent is any payment to an owner or factor of production in excess of the costs needed to bring that factor into production.

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Economic Secretary to the Treasury

The Economic Secretary to the Treasury is the fifth-most senior ministerial post in the UK Treasury, after the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Chief Secretary to the Treasury, the paymaster-general and the financial secretary.

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Economic unit

In an economy, production, consumption and exchange are carried out by three basic economic units: the firm, the household, and the government.

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Economics of climate change mitigation

This article is about the economics of climate change mitigation.

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Economiesuisse

Économiesuisse is a Swiss corporate union, composed of the fusion of the Union suisse du commerce et de l'industrie ("Swiss union of commerce and industry") or Vorort, and of the Société pour le développement de l'économie suisse ("society for development of Swiss economy").

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Economy of Arkansas

The economy of Arkansas produced US$119 billion of gross domestic product in 2015.

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Economy of Bahrain

Bahrain has an open economy. The Bahraini currency is the second-highest-valued currency unit in the world. Since the late 20th century, Bahrain has heavily invested in the banking and tourism sectors. The country's capital, Manama is home to many large financial structures. Bahrain's finance industry is very successful. In 2008, Bahrain was named the world's fastest growing financial center by the City of London's Global Financial Centres Index. Bahrain's banking and financial services sector, particularly Islamic banking, have benefited from the regional boom driven by demand for oil. Petroleum production is Bahrain's most exported product, accounting for 60% of export receipts, 70% of government revenues, and 11% of GDP. Aluminium production is the second most exported product, followed by finance and construction materials. According to the 2011 Index of Economic Freedom, Bahrain has the freest economy in the Middle East and North Africa region and is the tenth freest economy in the world. An alternative index, published by the Fraser Institute, puts Bahrain in 44th place tied with 7 other countries. Bahrain was recognised by the World Bank as a high income economy.

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Economy of Botswana

Since gaining independence, Botswana has been one of the world’s fastest growing economies,http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/botswana/overview averaging about 5% per annum over the past decade.

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Economy of Fiji

Endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, Fiji is one of the most developed of the Pacific island economies, though it remains a developing country with a large subsistence agriculture sector.

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Economy of Guatemala

Guatemala is the most populous Central American country and has a GDP per capita roughly one-third of Brazil's.

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Economy of India

The economy of India is a developing mixed economy.

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Economy of India under Company rule

The Economy of India under Company rule describes the economy of those regions (contemporaneously British India) that fell under Company rule in India during the years 1757 to 1858.

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Economy of India under the British Raj

The Indian economy under the British Raj describes the economy of India during the years of the British Raj, from 1858 to 1947.

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Economy of Myanmar

Myanmar (also known as Burma) is an emerging economy with a nominal GDP of $74.000 billion in 2018 and an estimated purchasing power adjusted GDP of $362.97 billion in 2018.

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Economy of North Korea

The economy of North Korea is a centrally planned system, where the role of market allocation schemes is limited, though increasing.

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Economy of Pakistan

The economy of Pakistan is the 25th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP), and 42nd largest in terms of nominal gross domestic product.

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Economy of Rio de Janeiro

The Economy of the Rio de Janeiro City is the 2nd largest regional economyIBGE, and financial center in Brazil, both one of the largest in Latin America and one of the fastest growing in the world.

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Economy of the Central African Republic

The Central African Republic (CAR) is classified as one of the world's least developed countries, with an estimated annual per capita income of $547 PPP (2014).

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Economy of the Maya civilization

Economy is conventionally defined as a function for production and distribution of goods and services by multiple agents within a society and/or geographical area.

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Ecotax

An Ecotax (short for ecological taxation) is a tax levied on activities which are considered to be harmful to the environment and is intended to promote environmentally friendly activities via economic incentives.

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Ed Groot

Vincentius Aloysius (Ed) Groot (born December 26, 1957 in Grootebroek) is a Dutch politician and former journalist, columnist and civil servant.

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Edmund Morgan (historian)

Edmund Sears Morgan (January 17, 1916 – July 8, 2013) was an American historian and an eminent authority on early American history.

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Education in Florida

The Florida education system consists of public and private schools in Florida, including the State University System of Florida (SUSF), the Florida College System (FCS), the Independent Colleges and Universities of Florida (ICUF) and other private institutions, and also secondary and primary schools.

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Education in South Africa

Education in South Africa is governed by two national departments, namely the department of Basic Education (DBE), which is responsible for primary and secondary schools, and the department of Higher Education and Training (DHET), which is responsible for tertiary education and vocational training.

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Education in Texas

Texas has over 1,000 public school districts—all but one of the school districts in Texas are independent, separate from any form of municipal government.

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Educational inequalities in South Sudan

Educational inequalities in South Sudan can be attributed to a number of factors.

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Edward Cornelius O'Leary

Edward Cornelius O'Leary (August 21, 1920—April 2, 2002) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Edward I of England

Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (Malleus Scotorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307.

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Edward III of England

Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from January 1327 until his death; he is noted for his military success and for restoring royal authority after the disastrous and unorthodox reign of his father, Edward II.

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Edward Leigh

Sir Edward Julian Egerton Leigh (born 20 July 1950) is a British Conservative Party politician who has served as a Member of Parliament since 1983.

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Edward Zinn

Edward H. Zinn (July 30, 1877 – May 19, 1920) was an American mechanical engineer, tax assessment clerk and Socialist from Milwaukee, Wisconsin who served two terms (1913–1916) as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly representing the 7th Milwaukee County Assembly district (7th and 10th wards of the city of Milwaukee.

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Edwards Wildman Palmer

Edwards Wildman is an AmLaw 100 law firm.

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Edwin Robert Anderson Seligman

Edwin Robert Anderson Seligman (1861–1939), was an American economist who spent his entire academic career at Columbia University in New York City.

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Effect of taxes and subsidies on price

Taxes and subsidies change the price of goods and, as a result, the quantity consumed.

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Efficient Taxation of Income

The Efficient Taxation of Income is an approach to taxation that would apply different tax rates for property-type income and earned income from work.

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Egypt

Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.

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Egypt (Roman province)

The Roman province of Egypt (Aigyptos) was established in 30 BC after Octavian (the future emperor Augustus) defeated his rival Mark Antony, deposed Queen Cleopatra VII, and annexed the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt to the Roman Empire.

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Eide Bailly LLP

Eide Bailly LLP is a regional certified public accounting and business advisory firm headquartered in Fargo, North Dakota.

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Eight per thousand

Eight per thousand (otto per mille) is an Italian law under which Italian taxpayers devolve a compulsory 8.

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El Salvador–United States relations

El Salvador – United States relations are bilateral relations between El Salvador and the United States.

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Elder law (United States)

Elder law is an area of legal practice that specializes on issues that affect the aging population.

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Electricity sector in Denmark

The electricity sector in Denmark relies on fossil energy and renewable energy: wind power, biogas, biomass and waste.

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Electronic Commerce Regulations 2002

The Electronic Commerce (EC Directive) Regulations 2002, SI 2002/2013, incorporates the EU Electronic Commerce Directive 2000/31/EC into the law of the United Kingdom.

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Elias White

Elias Nelson White (June 26, 1826 – January 24, 1916) was an American farmer and produce dealer from Burlington, Wisconsin who spent three one-year terms (1874–1876) as a "People's Reform" member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

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Eliot Janeway

Eliot Janeway (January 1, 1913—February 8, 1993), born Eliot Jacobstein, was an American economist, journalist and author, widely quoted during his lifetime, whose career spanned seven decades.

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Elite

In political and sociological theory, the elite (French élite, from Latin eligere) are a small group of powerful people who hold a disproportionate amount of wealth, privilege, political power, or skill in a society.

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Elizabethan government

England under Queen Elizabeth I'st reign, the Elizabethan Era, was ruled by the very structured and complicated Elizabethan government.

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Eloy Inos

Eulogio "Eloy" Songao Inos (September 26, 1949 – December 29, 2015) was an American politician in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

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Emergency

An emergency is a situation that poses an immediate risk to health, life, property, or environment.

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Eminent domain

Eminent domain (United States, Philippines), land acquisition (Singapore), compulsory purchase (United Kingdom, New Zealand, Ireland), resumption (Hong Kong, Uganda), resumption/compulsory acquisition (Australia), or expropriation (France, Italy, Mexico, South Africa, Canada, Brazil, Portugal, Spain, Chile, Denmark, Sweden) is the power of a state, provincial, or national government to take private property for public use.

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Emphyteusis

Emphyteusis is a right, susceptible of assignment and of descent, charged on productive real estate, the right being coupled with the enjoyment of the property on condition of taking care of the estate and paying taxes and sometimes a small rent.

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Encouraged Industry Catalogue

As one of the key tools used by the People's Republic of China (PRC) government to direct foreign investment into mainland China, the Encouraged Industry Catalogue is significant in international trade with mainland China.

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End Poverty Now

End Poverty Now (EPN) is a Canadian non-profit based in Montreal, with chapters located across the country, dedicated to alleviating poverty globally.

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Endowment tax

Endowment tax is a US taxation of some endowments.

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Energy in Denmark

Denmark has considerable sources of oil and natural gas in the North Sea and ranked as number 32 in the world among net exporters of crude oil in 2008.

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Energy industry

The energy industry is the totality of all of the industries involved in the production and sale of energy, including fuel extraction, manufacturing, refining and distribution.

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Energy policy

Energy policy is the manner in which a given entity (often governmental) has decided to address issues of energy development including energy production, distribution and consumption.

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Energy policy of the United States

The energy policy of the United States is determined by federal, state, and local entities in the United States, which address issues of energy production, distribution, and consumption, such as building codes and gas mileage standards.

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Energy tax

An energy tax is a tax that increases the price of energy (Fisher et al., 1996, p. 416).

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Energy Tax Act

The Energy Tax Act (enacted November 9, 1978) is a law passed by the U.S. Congress as part of the National Energy Act.

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Enforcement Authority

The Enforcement Authority (Kronofogdemyndigheten; literally: The Crown Bailiff Authority) is a government agency handling debt collection, distraint and evictions in Sweden.

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Engelbrekt rebellion

The Engelbrekt rebellion was a rebellion in 1434–1436 led by Swedish nobleman Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson against Eric of Pomerania, the king of the Kalmar Union.

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Engineering economics

Engineering Economics, previously known as engineering economy, is a subset of economics concerned with the use and "...application of economic principles" Dharmaraj, E..

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English mythology

English mythology is the collection of myths that have emerged throughout the history of England, sometimes being elaborated upon by successive generations, and at other times being rejected and replaced by other explanatory narratives.

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Entertainment tax

Entertainment tax is any tax on entertainment activities, such as cinema and theatre.

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Entitlement theory

Entitlement theory is a theory of distributive justice and private property created by Robert Nozick in his book Anarchy, State, and Utopia.

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Environmental economics

Environmental economics is a sub-field of economics that is concerned with environmental issues.

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Environmental impact of aviation

The environmental impact of aviation occurs because aircraft engines emit heat, noise, particulates, and gases which contribute to climate change and global dimming.

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Environmental impact of the energy industry

In recent years there has been a trend towards the increased commercialization of various renewable energy sources.

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Environmental remediation

Environmental remediation deals with the removal of pollution or contaminants from environmental media such as soil, groundwater, sediment, or surface water.

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Equal opportunity

Equal opportunity arises from the similar treatment of all people, unhampered by artificial barriers or prejudices or preferences, except when particular distinctions can be explicitly justified.

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Equality of sacrifice

Equality of sacrifice is a term used in political theory and political philosophy to refer to the perceived fairness of a coercive policy.

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Equity (economics)

Equity or economic equality is the concept or idea of fairness in economics, particularly in regard to taxation or welfare economics.

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Eric Swalwell

Eric Michael Swalwell Jr. (born November 16, 1980) is an American politician from California, who serves as the U.S. Representative from California's 15th congressional district.

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Erik Gjems-Onstad

Erik-Ørn Gjems-Onstad, MBE (22 February 1922 – 18 November 2011) was a Norwegian resistance member, officer, lawyer, sports official, politician, author and anti-immigration activist.

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Erik Lindahl

Erik Lindahl (21 November 1891 – 6 January 1960) was a Swedish economist.

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Ernesto Cordero Arroyo

Ernesto Javier Cordero Arroyo is a Mexican politician (born on May 9, 1968).

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Ernst & Young

Ernst & Young (doing business as EY) is a multinational professional services firm headquartered in London, England.

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Established Programs Financing

The Established Programs Financing is a financing program created by the Trudeau government, in 1977, to finance the provincially-run healthcare, through transfer payments, by cash and tax points.

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Establishment Clause

In United States law, the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, together with that Amendment's Free Exercise Clause, form the constitutional right of freedom of religion.

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Estate freeze

An estate freeze is a legal estate-planning technique used in Canada to lock in the current value (and tax liability) of a capital property for one person, while attributing the value of future growth of that capital property to another person.

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Estate planning

Estate planning is the process of anticipating and arranging, during a person's life, for the management and disposal of that person's estate during the person's life and at and after death, while minimizing gift, estate, generation skipping transfer, and income tax.

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Estate tax in the United States

The estate tax in the United States is a tax on the transfer of the estate of a deceased person.

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Estates General (France)

In France under the Old Regime, the Estates General (French: États généraux) or States-General was a legislative and consultative assembly (see The Estates) of the different classes (or estates) of French subjects.

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Ethan Strimling

Ethan King Strimling (born October 19, 1967) is the mayor of Portland, Maine, who served as a Democratic state senator from 2002 to 2009.

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Ethical consumerism

Ethical consumerism (alternatively called ethical consumption, ethical purchasing, moral purchasing, ethical sourcing, ethical shopping or green consumerism) is a type of consumer activism that is based on the concept of dollar voting.

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ETL Group

The ETL Group is a multinational group of companies providing tax, legal, auditing and management consultancy services.

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Eugene Delgaudio

Eugene Delgaudio is an American politician.

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Eurofast

Eurofast Global is an international boutique professional services company headquartered in Cyprus providing accounting and payroll services, transaction advisory, compliance reporting, cross border structuring and M&A.

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Europa Universalis III

Europa Universalis III is a grand strategy video game developed by Paradox Development Studio and published by Paradox Interactive.

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European Federalist Free Entrepreneurs

The European Federalist Free Entrepreneurs – Entrepreneurs' Trade Union (Liberi Imprenditori Federalisti Europei – Sindacato Imprenditori, LIFE) is an association of entrepreneurs based in Veneto, one of the regions of Italy.

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European Movement for Efficient Energy

The European Movement for Efficient Energy (EME²) is a stakeholder platform that seek to promote efficiency in the energy sector as a means to achieve overall energy and resource efficiency in Europe.

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Evan Dahm

Evan Dahm (born 1987) is an American webcartoonist from Asheville, North Carolina known for creating the Overside universe of webcomics.

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Evasion (law)

Evasion in law, is a fundamental public policy doctrine, which exists also in the conflict of laws.

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Excess burden of taxation

In economics, the excess burden of taxation, also known as the deadweight cost or deadweight loss of taxation, is one of the economic losses that society suffers as the result of taxes or subsidies.

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Exchange fund

An exchange fund or swap fund is a mechanism specific to the U.S., first introduced in the late 1960s, that allows holders of a large amount of a single stock to diversify into a basket of other stocks without directly selling their stock.

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Exchequer

In the civil service of the United Kingdom, Her Majesty’s Exchequer, or just the Exchequer, is the accounting process of central government and the government's current account i.e. money held from taxation and other government revenues in the Consolidated Fund.

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Executive Council of New Hampshire

The Executive Council of the State of New Hampshire (commonly known as the Governor's Council) is the executive body of the U.S. state of New Hampshire.

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Executor

An executor is someone who is responsible for executing, or following through on, an assigned task or duty.

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Exempt market securities

Exempt market securities are securities issued in Canada that fall under National Instrument 45-106.

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Exeter

Exeter is a cathedral city in Devon, England, with a population of 129,800 (mid-2016 EST).

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Exilarch

The Exilarch (ראש גלות Rosh Galut, ריש גלותא Reysh Galuta or Resh Galvata lit. "head of the exile", رأس الجالوت Raas al-Galut, Greek: Αἰχμαλωτάρχης Aechmalotarches lit. "leader of the captives") was the leader of the Diaspora Jewish community in Babylon following the deportation of King Jeconiah and his court into Babylonian exile after the first fall of Jerusalem in 597 BCE and augmented after the further deportations following the destruction of the kingdom of Judah in 587 BCE.

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Exit, Voice, and Loyalty

Exit, Voice, and Loyalty (1970) is a treatise written by Albert O. Hirschman (1915—2012).

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Expatriation tax

An expatriation tax or emigration tax is a tax on persons who cease to be tax resident in a country.

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Expenditure Tax Act, 1987

The Expenditure Tax Act, 1987 is an Act of the Parliament of India.

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External financing

In the theory of capital structure, external financing is the phrase used to describe funds that firms obtain from outside of the firm.

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Externality

In economics, an externality is the cost or benefit that affects a party who did not choose to incur that cost or benefit.

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Extortion

Extortion (also called shakedown, outwrestling and exaction) is a criminal offense of obtaining money, property, or services from an individual or institution, through coercion.

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F. W. Kickbusch

Frederick W. Kickbusch (sometimes misspelled Kickbush) (January 25, 1841 - September 12, 1907) was an American lumberman and firefighter from Wausau who served one term as an Independent Greenbacker member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Marathon County.

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Facatativá

Facatativá is a city and municipality in the Cundinamarca Department, located about 18 miles (31 km) northwest of Bogotá, Colombia and 2,586 meters above sea level.

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Factions in the Republican Party (United States)

Like most major political parties within two-party systems, the Republican Party of the United States includes diversity on social policy and political economic ideology, being composed of several factions.

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Falkušovce

Falkušovce is a village and municipality in Michalovce District in the Kosice Region of eastern Slovakia.

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Famine

A famine is a widespread scarcity of food, caused by several factors including war, inflation, crop failure, population imbalance, or government policies.

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Fareless Square

Fareless Square was an area within central Portland, Oregon, where all rides on TriMet buses and light rail and the Portland Streetcar were free.

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Fares Fair

Fares Fair was a public policy advocated by the Labour Party administration of the Greater London Council (GLC), then led by Ken Livingstone.

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Farmers' Party (Netherlands)

The Farmers' Party (in Dutch: Boerenpartij, BP) was a Dutch agrarian political party, with a strong conservative outlook and a populist appeal.

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Farshad Bashir

Farshad Bashir (born 14 January 1988 in Kabul) is a Dutch politician of Afghan descent.

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Farum Municipality

Farum municipality was a municipality (Danish kommune) in the northeast of the island of Zealand in eastern Denmark.

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Fat tax

A fat tax is a tax or surcharge that is placed upon fattening food, beverages or on overweight individuals.

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Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956

The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, popularly known as the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act (Public Law 84-627), was enacted on June 29, 1956, when President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the bill into law.

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Federal budget (economics)

In economics, a federal budget is the major plan for a federal government's estimated future revenues and spending for the coming fiscal year.

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Federal government of the United States

The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government) is the national government of the United States, a constitutional republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D.C. (the nation's capital), and several territories.

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Federal telephone excise tax

The federal telephone excise tax is a statutory federal excise tax imposed under the Internal Revenue Code in the United States under on amounts paid for certain "communications services." The tax was to be imposed on the person paying for the communications services (such as a customer of a telephone company) but, under, is collected from the customer by the "person receiving any payment for facilities or services" on which the tax is imposed (i.e., is collected by the telephone company, which files a quarterly Form 720 excise return and forwards the tax to the Internal Revenue Service).

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Federalist No. 30

Federalist No.

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Federalist No. 31

Federalist No.

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Federalist No. 32

Federalist No.

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Federalist No. 34

Federalist No.

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Federalist No. 35

Federalist No.

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Federalist No. 36

Federalist No.

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Fee simple

In English law, a fee simple or fee simple absolute is an estate in land, a form of freehold ownership.

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Fee-for-carriage

Fee-for-carriage, value-for-signal, negotiation for value, or the "TV tax" all refer to a proposed Canadian television regulatory policy which would require cable and satellite television companies to compensate conventional, over-the-air television stations for the right to carry their local signals.

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Feldman–Mahalanobis model

The Feldman–Mahalanobis model is a Neo-Marxian model of economic development, created independently by Soviet economist Grigory Feldman in 1928, and Indian statistician Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis in 1953.

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Felisa Miceli

Felisa Miceli (born September 26, 1952) is an Argentine economist, and a former Minister of Economy and Production of Argentina.

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Ferre Grignard

Ferre Grignard (13 March 1939 – 8 August 1982) was a Belgian skiffle-singer from Antwerp who surprised the world in 1965 with his international hits "Ring Ring, I've Got To Sing" and "My Crucified Jesus".

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Feudal relief

Feudal relief was a one-off "fine" or form of taxation payable to an overlord by the heir of a feudal tenant to license him to take possession of his fief, i.e. an estate-in-land, by inheritance.

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Filling station

A filling station is a facility that sells fuel and engine lubricants for motor vehicles.

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Filton Town Council

Filton Town Council is a council made up of thirteen councillors and manages the council precept on behalf of Filton taxpayers.

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Finance (No.2) Act 2010

The Finance (No.2) Act 2010 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom enacting the June 2010 United Kingdom Budget.

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Finance Act

Finance Act refers to the headline fiscal (budgetary) legislation enacted by the UK Parliament, containing multiple provisions as to taxes, duties, exemptions and reliefs at least once per year, and in particular setting out the principal tax rates for each fiscal year.

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Finance Act 1997

The Finance Act 1997 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom enacting the 1997 United Kingdom Budget.

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Finance Act 2010

The Finance Act 2010 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom enacting the March 2010 United Kingdom Budget.

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Finance Act 2012

The Finance Act 2012 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom enacting the 2012 United Kingdom Budget.

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Finance Act 2015

The Finance Act 2015 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom enacting the 2015 United Kingdom budget.

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Finance Court (Germany)

Fiscal Court (Germany) The Fiscal Courts (dt.: Finanzgericht) are special courts.

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Finance minister

A finance minister is an executive or cabinet position in charge of one or more of government finances, economic policy and financial regulation.

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Financial Executives International

Financial Executives International (FEI) is a member-service–oriented organization based in Morristown, New Jersey, for senior-level financial executives in companies in varying sizes, both public and private, and in all industries.

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Financial goal

A financial goal or financial target is an objective which is expressed in or based upon money.

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Financial modeling

Financial modeling is the task of building an abstract representation (a model) of a real world financial situation.

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Financial ratio

A financial ratio or accounting ratio is a relative magnitude of two selected numerical values taken from an enterprise's financial statements.

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Financial repression

Financial repression comprises "policies that result in savers earning returns below the rate of inflation" in order to allow banks to "provide cheap loans to companies and governments, reducing the burden of repayments".

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Financial transaction tax

A financial transaction tax is a levy on a specific type of financial transaction for a particular purpose.

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Fine (penalty)

A fine or mulct is money that a court of law or other authority decides has to be paid as punishment for a crime or other offence.

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Finland under Swedish rule

Finland under Swedish rule refers to the period in the history of Finland when it was a part of Sweden.

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First Intermediate Period of Egypt

The First Intermediate Period, often described as a "dark period" in ancient Egyptian history, spanned approximately one hundred and twenty-five years, from c. 2181–2055 BC, after the end of the Old Kingdom. It comprises the seventh (although it is mostly considered spurious by Egyptologists), eighth, ninth, tenth, and part of the eleventh dynasties. Very little monumental evidence survives from this period, especially towards the beginning of the era. The First Intermediate Period was a dynamic time in history where rule of Egypt was roughly divided between two competing power bases. One of those bases resided at Heracleopolis in Lower Egypt, a city just south of the Faiyum region. The other resided at Thebes in Upper Egypt. It is believed that during this time, the temples were pillaged and violated, their existing artwork was vandalized, and the statues of kings were broken or destroyed as a result of this alleged political chaos. These two kingdoms would eventually come into conflict, with the Theban kings conquering the north, resulting in reunification of Egypt under a single ruler during the second part of the eleventh dynasty.

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First National Bank (Huntsville, Alabama)

The First National Bank is a historic bank building in Huntsville, Alabama.

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Fiscal capacity

Fiscal capacity is the ability of the state to extract revenues to provide public goods and carry out other functions of the state, given an administrative, fiscal accounting structure.

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Fiscal incidence

Fiscal incidence is a concept within public finance, a sub-discipline within economics, that refers to the combined overall economic impact of both government taxation and expenditures on the real economic income of individuals.

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Fiscal policy

In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection (mainly taxes) and expenditure (spending) to influence the economy.

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Fiscal policy of the Philippines

Fiscal policy refers to the "measures employed by governments to stabilize the economy, specifically by manipulating the levels and allocations of taxes and government expenditures.

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Fiscal-military state

A fiscal-military state is a state that bases its economic model on the sustainment of its armed forces, usually in times of prolonged or severe conflict.

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Fixed asset

Fixed assets, also known as tangible assets or property, plant and equipment (PP&E), is a term used in accounting for assets and property that cannot easily be converted into cash.

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Fixed tax

A fixed tax is a lump sum tax that is not measured as a percentage of the tax base (income, wealth, or consumption).

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Flanaess

The Flanaess is the eastern part of the continent of Oerik, one of the four continents of the fictional world of Oerth in the World of Greyhawk campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy roleplaying game.

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Flash crash

A flash crash is a very rapid, deep, and volatile fall in security prices occurring within an extremely short time period.

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Flat tax

A flat tax (short for flat tax rate) is a tax system with a constant marginal rate, usually applied to individual or corporate income.

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Fleet management software

Fleet management software (FMS) is computer software that enables people to accomplish a series of specific tasks in the management of any or all aspects relating to a fleet of vehicles operated by a company, government, or other organisation.

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Fleischer Studios

Fleischer Studios was an American corporation which originated as an animation studio located at 1600 Broadway, New York City, New York.

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Florida Chamber of Commerce

The Florida Chamber of Commerce is an organization devoted to the advocacy of private businesses in the state of Florida.

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Florida circuit courts

The Florida circuit courts are state courts, and are trial courts of original jurisdiction for most controversies.

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Florida Statutes

The Florida Statutes are the codified, statutory laws of Florida; it currently has 48 titles.

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Fluorescence

Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation.

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Flypaper theory (economics)

The flypaper theory of tax incidence is a pejorative term used by economists to describe the assumption that the burden of a tax, like a fly with flypaper, sticks wherever it first lands.

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FNAR

FNAR (also known as Front National Anti Radar, Antiradar National Front or Fraction Nationaliste Armée Révolutionnaire, Armed Nationalist Revolutionary Faction) is a group that has blown up several radar speed traps in France.

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Focus Money (magazine)

Focus Money is a German language business magazine published in Munich, Germany.

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Food

Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism.

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Forced circumcision

Forced circumcision refers to circumcision of males who have not given their consent to the procedure.

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Forced prostitution

Forced prostitution, also known as involuntary prostitution, is prostitution or sexual slavery that takes place as a result of coercion by a third party.

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Foreign direct investment and the environment

Foreign direct investment and the environment involves international businesses and their interactions and impact on the natural world.

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Foreign legal opinion

A foreign legal opinion (or foreign law opinion) is an opinion of a law firm issued in cross-border commercial transactions certifying the effectiveness of the transaction under the applicable foreign law.

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Form book

A form book is a tool used by attorneys to aid in the filing of pleadings, motions and other legal documents with a court or similar decision-making body.

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Formulary apportionment

Formulary apportionment, also known as unitary taxation, is a method of allocating profit earned (or loss incurred) by a corporation or corporate group to a particular tax jurisdiction in which the corporation or group has a taxable presence.

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Fort Negley

Fort Negley was a fortification built by Union troops after the capture of Nashville, Tennessee during the American Civil War, located approximately south of the city center.

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Forza Italia (2013)

Forza ItaliaThe name is not usually translated into English: forza is the second-person singular imperative of ''forzare'', in this case translating to "to compel" or "to press", and so means something like "Forward, Italy", "Come on, Italy" or "Go, Italy!".

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Framing (social sciences)

In the social sciences, framing comprises a set of concepts and theoretical perspectives on how individuals, groups, and societies, organize, perceive, and communicate about reality.

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France in the long nineteenth century

The history of France from 1789 to 1914 (the long 19th century) extends from the French Revolution to World War I and includes.

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Franco Modigliani

Franco Modigliani (June 18, 1918 – September 25, 2003) was an Italian-American economist and the recipient of the 1985 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics.

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Frank Anderson (chess player)

Frank Ross Anderson (January 3, 1928 in Edmonton, Alberta – September 18, 1980 in San Diego, California) was a Canadian International Master of chess, and a chess writer.

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Frank Zappa

Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21, 1940 – December 4, 1993) was an American musician, composer, activist and filmmaker.

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Fred T. Goldberg Jr.

Fred T. Goldberg Jr. (born October 15, 1947) is an American tax lawyer who has served in high-ranking positions in the United States Government, including holding the position of Commissioner of Internal Revenue.

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Frederick Brockhausen

Frederick Carl Brockhausen, Jr. (May 20, 1858 – 1929) was a cigar maker and trade union activist from Milwaukee, Wisconsin who spent four terms as a Socialist member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

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Frederiksberg

Frederiksberg is a part of the Capital Region of Denmark.

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Fredric G. Levin College of Law

The Fredric G. Levin College of Law is the law school of the University of Florida located in Gainesville, Florida.

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Free City of Cracow

The Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of CracowThe Polish variant of Kraków is occasionally retroactively applied in English to the historical Free City.

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Free Democratic Party (Germany)

The Free Democratic Party (Freie Demokratische Partei, FDP) is a liberal and classical liberal political party in Germany.

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Free public transport

Free public transport, often called fare-free public transit or zero-fare public transport, refers to public transport funded in full by means other than by collecting fares from passengers.

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Free travel pass

A free travel pass is the privilege of a certain class of passengers to use a public transport service without paying a fare or presenting a ticket.

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Freedom barometer

The Freedom Barometer is an attempt by the Southeast and East Asian regional office of the Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Liberty to measure the degree of freedom in Asian countries from a liberal perspective.

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Freetown City Council

Freetown City Council is the municipal government of the city of Freetown,http://news.sl/drwebsite/publish/article_200522714.shtml the capital of Sierra Leone.

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French conquest of Tunisia

The French Conquest of Tunisia occurred in two phases in 1881: the first (28 April – 12 May) consisting of the invasion and securing of the country before the signing of a treaty of protection, and the second (10 June – 28 October) consisting of the suppression of a rebellion.

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French legislative election, 1816

The 1816 French general election organized the first legislature of the Second Restoration.

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French Ministry for the Economy and Finance

The French Ministry for the Economy and Finance (Ministère de l'économie et des finances), called the Finance Ministry for short and informally referred to as Bercy, is one of the most important ministries in the cabinet of France.

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Frequent-flyer program

A frequent-flyer program (FFP) is a loyalty program offered by an airline.

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Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson

Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP is an international law firm with offices in New York City, Washington, DC, London, Paris, and Frankfurt.

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Fringe benefits tax

A fringe benefits tax (FBT) is taxation of most, but not all fringe benefits, which are generally non-cash employee benefits.

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Fritz Reinhardt

Fritz Reinhardt (3 April 1895, in Ilmenau – 17 June 1969, in Regensburg) was a state secretary in the German Finance Ministry in the time of the Third Reich.

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From Social State to Minimal State

From Social State to Minimal State (Fra socialstat til minimalstat) is a book by Anders Fogh Rasmussen.

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Front Palace crisis

The Front Palace crisis or the Front Palace incident (วิกฤตการณ์วังหน้า) (Wang Na crisis) was a political crisis that took place in the Kingdom of Siam from 28 December 1874 to 24 February 1875 (93 of the Rattanakosin Era).

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Fuel protests in the United Kingdom

The fuel protests in the United Kingdom were a series of campaigns held because of the cost of rising petrol and diesel fuel prices for road vehicle use.

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Fuentes v. Shevin

Fuentes v. Shevin, 407 U.S. 67 (1972), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States wherein petitioners challenged the constitutionality of the Uniform Commercial Code provisions of two states, Florida and Pennsylvania, which allowed for the summary seizure of a person's goods or chattels under a writ of replevin.

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Fugger

Fugger is a German family that was a historically prominent group of European bankers, members of the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century mercantile patriciate of Augsburg, international mercantile bankers, and venture capitalists.

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Funding

Funding is the act of providing financial resources, usually in the form of money, or other values such as effort or time, to finance a need, program, and project, usually by an organization or company.

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Furniss v Dawson

Furniss v. Dawson is an important House of Lords case in the field of UK tax.

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Fyrk

A fyrk was a monetary unit used in Sweden in the 15th to 17th century, with a value of between 1/6 and 1/2 öre.

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Gadgil formula

The Gadgil formula is named after Dhananjay Ramchandra Gadgil, a social scientist and the first critic of Indian planning.

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Galen Center

The Galen Center is a multipurpose indoor arena and athletic facility owned and operated by the University of Southern California.

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Garfield Heights, Ohio

Garfield Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States.

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Garnishment

Garnishment is an American legal process for collecting a monetary judgment on behalf of a plaintiff from a defendant.

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Gary Ackerman

Gary Leonard Ackerman (born November 19, 1942) is a retired American politician and former U.S. Representative from New York, serving from 1983 to 2013.

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Gary L. Wolfram

Gary Wolfram is William E. Simon Professor in Economics and Public Policy at Hillsdale College and President of Hillsdale Policy Group, a consulting firm specializing in taxation and policy analysis.

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Gawker

Gawker was an American blog founded by Nick Denton and Elizabeth Spiers and based in New York City focusing on celebrities and the media industry.

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Götz Aly

Götz Haydar Aly (born May 3, 1947) is a German journalist, historian and political scientist.

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GBQ Partners

GBQ Partners, LLC is a professional services firm.

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Genealogy

Genealogy (from γενεαλογία from γενεά, "generation" and λόγος, "knowledge"), also known as family history, is the study of families and the tracing of their lineages and history.

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General counsel

A general counsel, chief counsel, or chief legal officer (CLO) is the chief lawyer of a legal department, usually in a company or a governmental department.

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General Directory of War and Finance

The General Directory of War and Finance (or General Directory), established in 1723, was an administrative body of the government of the Kingdom of Prussia.

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Gennady Balashov

Gennady Victorovich Balashov (Геннадій Вікторович Балашов, born 20 February 1961, Dnipropetrovsk, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, USSR) is a Ukrainian businessman, blogger, politician and leader of 5.10 political party.

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Genseric

Genseric (c. 400 – 25 January 477), also known as Gaiseric or Geiseric (Gaisericus; reconstructed Vandalic: *Gaisarīks), was King of the Vandals and Alans (428–477) who established the Vandal Kingdom and was one of the key players in the troubles of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century.

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Geoffrey de Morton

Geoffrey de Morton (died c.1317) was a wealthy merchant and shipowner in fourteenth-century Dublin who served as Mayor of Dublin in 1303.

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Geographic Locator Codes

Worldwide Geographic Location Codes (GLCs) list the number and letter codes federal agencies should use in designating geographic locations anywhere in the United States or abroad in computer programs.

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Geological Survey of India

The Geological Survey of India (GSI), founded in 1851, is a Government of India Ministry of Mines organisation, one of the oldest of such organisations in the world and the second oldest survey in India after Survey of India (founded in 1767), for conducting geological surveys and studies of India, and also as the prime provider of basic earth science information to government, industry and general public, as well as the official participant in steel, coal, metals, cement, power industries and international geoscientific forums.

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Georg Friedrich Sartorius

Georg Friedrich Sartorius (after 1827 Freiherr von Waltershausen; 25 August 1765 Kassel – 24 August 1828 Göttingen) was a German research historian, economist and professor at Göttingen University.

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George Lakoff

George P. Lakoff (born May 24, 1941) is an American cognitive linguist and philosopher, best known for his thesis that lives of individuals are significantly influenced by the central metaphors they use to explain complex phenomena.

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Georgia State Route 400

Georgia State Route 400 (officially "SR 400", nearly always Georgia 400 to the public) is a freeway and state highway in the northern part of the U.S. state of Georgia.

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German nationality law

German nationality law is the law governing the acquisition, transmission and loss of German citizenship.

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German Palatines

The German Palatines were early 18th century emigrants from the Middle Rhine region of the Holy Roman Empire, including a minority from the Palatinate which gave its name to the entire group.

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German revolutions of 1848–49

The German revolutions of 1848–49 (Deutsche Revolution 1848/1849), the opening phase of which was also called the March Revolution (Märzrevolution), were initially part of the Revolutions of 1848 that broke out in many European countries.

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German Taxpayers Federation

The German Taxpayers Federation (Bund der Steuerzahler e. V. (BdSt)) is an association established in 1949 by Karl Bräuer.

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Germania (stamp)

Germania stamps are definitive stamps that were issued by the German Empire and the Weimar Republic between 1900 and 1922, depicting Germania.

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Gerry Hutch

Gerry Hutch (born 1963) is an Irish criminal.

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Ghana Revenue Authority

The Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA) is the Ghana administration charged with the task of assessing, collecting and accounting for tax revenue in Ghana.

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Ghana Stock Exchange

The Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE) is the principal stock exchange of Ghana.

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Ghettopoly

Ghettopoly is a parody of Monopoly released in 2002.

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Gies College of Business

Gies College of Business is the business school at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

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Giesche

Giesche Corp.

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Gift Aid

Gift Aid is a UK tax incentive that enables tax-effective giving by individuals to charities in the United Kingdom.

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Gift tax in the United States

A gift tax is a tax imposed on the transfer of ownership of property.

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Gigafactory 1

The Tesla Gigafactory 1 is a lithium-ion battery factory under construction, primarily for Tesla, Inc., at the Tahoe Reno Industrial Center (TRIC) in Storey County (near the community of Clark, Nevada, United States).

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Gilbert Islands

The Gilbert Islands (Tungaru;Reilly Ridgell. Pacific Nations and Territories: The Islands of Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia. 3rd. Ed. Honolulu: Bess Press, 1995. p. 95. formerly Kingsmill or King's-Mill IslandsVery often, this name applied only to the southern islands of the archipelago, the northern half being designated as the Scarborough Islands. Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam Webster, 1997. p. 594) are a chain of sixteen atolls and coral islands in the Pacific Ocean about halfway between Papua New Guinea and Hawaii.

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Giovanni Carlo Tramontano, Count of Matera

Giovanni Carlo Tramontano, Baron of Sorrento, Count of Matera (born in 1451 as Giovanni Carlo Tramontano, Baron of Sorrento, died in 1514) was an Italian nobleman who belonged to the ancient feudal noble family of the barons of the House of Tramontano.

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Giuseppe Conte

Giuseppe Conte (born 8 August 1964) is an Italian jurist and politician serving as the 58th and current Prime Minister of Italy since 1 June 2018.

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Giuseppe Prina

Count Giuseppe Prina (20 July 1766 in Novara – 20 April 1814) was an Italian statesman killed in the Milan riots of 1814.

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Glengoyne distillery

Glengoyne Distillery is a whisky distillery continuously in operation since its founding in 1833 at Dumgoyne, north of Glasgow, Scotland.

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Glossary of education terms (P–R)

This glossary of education-related terms is based on how they commonly are used in Wikipedia articles.

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Glossary of philosophy

A glossary of terms used in philosophy.

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Glossary of rhetorical terms

Owing to its origin in ancient Greece and Rome, English rhetorical theory frequently employs Greek and Latin words as terms of art.

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Glossary of spirituality terms

This is a glossary of spirituality-related terms.

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Glossary of wine terms

The glossary of wine terms lists the definitions of many general terms used within the wine industry.

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Gold as an investment

Of all the precious metals, gold is the most popular as an investment.

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Gold sink

Gold sink is an economic process by which a video game's ingame currency ('gold'), or any item that can be valued against it, is removed.

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Gold standard

A gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is based on a fixed quantity of gold.

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Golden Gate University

Golden Gate University (GGU or Golden Gate) is a private, nonsectarian university in San Francisco, California.

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Golden Gate University School of Law

Golden Gate University School of Law (informally referred to as GGU School of Law, GGU Law and Golden Gate Law) is one of the professional graduate schools of Golden Gate University.

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Good faith estimate

A good faith estimate, referred to as a GFE, was a standard form that (prior to 2015) had to be provided by a mortgage lender or broker in the United States to a consumer, as required by the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA).

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Gordon Armstrong (politician)

Herbert Gordon Armstrong (1905 - 1993) was a Canadian politician, who served as mayor of Whitehorse, Yukon from 1950 to 1958.

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Gothenburg congestion tax

The Gothenburg congestion tax (Trängselskatt i Göteborg), also referred to as the Gothenburg congestion charge, is a congestion pricing system implemented as a tax levied on most vehicles entering and exiting central Gothenburg, Sweden, including some main roads passing by the city.

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Gothia Cup

The Gothia Cup is an international youth football tournament organized by professional football club BK Häcken, which has been held annually since 1975 in Gothenburg, Sweden.

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Government budget

A government budget is an annual financial statement presenting the government's proposed revenues and spending for a financial year that is often passed by the legislature, approved by the chief executive or president and presented by the Finance Minister to the nation.

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Government budget balance

A government budget is a financial statement presenting the government's proposed revenues and spending for a financial year.

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Government debt

Government debt (also known as public interest, public debt, national debt and sovereign debt) is the debt owed by a government.

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Government of Change

The Government of Change (Governo del Cambiamento) (PDF).

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Government of India v Taylor

Government of India v Taylor AC 491 (sometimes called Re Delhi Electric Supply & Traction Co Ltd) is a judicial decision of the House of Lords relating to the enforceability of foreign tax claims under English law.

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Government of Maryland

The government of Maryland is conducted according to the Maryland Constitution.

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Government of Pakistan

The Government of Pakistan (حکومتِ پاکستان) is a federal government established by the Constitution of Pakistan as a constituted governing authority of the four provinces of a proclaimed and established parliamentary democratic republic, constitutionally called the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

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Government of the District of Columbia

The Government of the District of Columbia operates under Article One of the United States Constitution and the District of Columbia Home Rule Act, which devolves certain powers of the United States Congress to the Mayor and thirteen-member Council.

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Government procurement in the European Union

Government procurement or public procurement is undertaken by the public authorities of the European Union (EU) and its member states in order to award contracts for public works and for the purchase of goods and services in accordance with the principles underlying the Treaties of the European Union.

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Government revenue

Government revenue is money received by a government.

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Government spending

Government spending or expenditure includes all government consumption, investment, and transfer payments.

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Gowers Review of Intellectual Property

The Gowers Review of Intellectual Property was an independent review of UK intellectual property (IP) focusing on UK copyright law that was published in December 2006.

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Grain trade

The grain trade refers to the local and international trade in cereals and other food grains such as wheat, maize, and rice.

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Grand bargain (United States, 2011)

The Grand Bargain was an attempted political compromise between the Democratic and Republican Parties in the United States during the 2011 budget debates, in which the Democrats would have agreed to historic cuts in the federal government and the social safety net, in exchange for an increase in federal taxes.

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Grand Duchy of Baden

The Grand Duchy of Baden (Großherzogtum Baden) was a state in the southwest German Empire on the east bank of the Rhine.

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Grandall Law Firm

Grandall Law Firm (Chinese: 国浩律师事务所), is a Chinese law firm provide full service in Chinese corporate and commercial law.

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Grant Thornton International

Grant Thornton is the world's fifth largest professional services network of independent accounting and consulting member firms which provide assurance, tax and advisory services to privately held businesses, public interest entities, and public sector entities.

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Grant Thornton LLP

Grant Thornton LLP is the American member firm of Grant Thornton International, the sixth largest accounting network in the world by combined fee income.

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Granville, Manche

Granville is a commune in the Manche department and region of Normandy in north-western France.

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Great Australians Party

Great Australians was an Australian political party.

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Green March

The Green March was a strategic mass demonstration in November 1975, coordinated by the Moroccan government, to force Spain to hand over the disputed, autonomous semi-metropolitan province of Spanish Sahara to Morocco.

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Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand

The Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand (Rōpū Kākāriki o Aotearoa, Niu Tireni) is a left-wing political party in New Zealand.

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Greene County, Indiana

Greene County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana.

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Greenspring Company

Greenspring Company was the for-profit subsidiary of the non-profit American Public Media Group.

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Greysouthen

Greysouthen (Pronounced: "Grey-soon") is a village and civil parish between the towns of Workington and Cockermouth, in Cumbria, North West England.

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Grip, Norway

Grip is an archipelago, a deserted fishing village, and a former municipality about northwest of the city of Kristiansund.

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Grodno FEZ

The free economic zone Grodnoinvest is situated in the north-western part of Belarus in the city of Grodno in immediate proximity to the borders of the European Union (15 km to the border of the Republic of Poland, 30 km to the border of the Lithuanian Republic) and CIS countries.

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Gromada

Gromada is a Polish word meaning "gathering", "group", or "assembly".

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Gross fixed capital formation

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) is a macroeconomic concept used in official national accounts such as the United Nations System of National Accounts (UNSNA), National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) and the European System of Accounts (ESA).

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Gross profit

In accounting, gross profit, gross margin, sales profit, or credit sales is the difference between revenue and the cost of making a product or providing a service, before deducting overheads, payroll, taxation, and interest payments.

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Gross receipts tax

A gross receipts tax or gross excise tax is a tax on the total gross revenues of a company, regardless of their source.

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Gross value added

In economics, gross value added (GVA) is the measure of the value of goods and services produced in an area, industry or sector of an economy.

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Groundwater banking

Groundwater banking is a water management mechanism designed to increase water supply reliability.

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Guarda Fiscal

The Guarda Fiscal (Fiscal Guard in English) was a Portuguese special military force, tasked with the border and maritime control of people and goods and the law enforcement, particularly in the fields of taxation and customs.

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Gun violence in the United States

Gun violence in the United States results in tens of thousands of deaths and injuries annually.

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Gunster (law firm)

Gunster is a Florida commercial law firm dedicated to providing full-service legal counsel to leading emerging and mid-market businesses, major national and international corporations, and other organizations and individuals from its 13 offices statewide.

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HA&W

Habif Arogeti and Wynne LLP (also known as HA&W) is the largest accountancy firm in Georgia and one of the 100 biggest accounting firms in the United States.

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Hacienda

An hacienda (or; or), in the colonies of the Spanish Empire, is an estate, similar in form to a Roman villa.

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Hague Trust Convention

The Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Trusts and on their Recognition, or Hague Trust Convention is a multilateral treaty developed by the Hague Conference on Private International Law on the Law Applicable to Trusts.

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Hahnweiler

Hahnweiler is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Haiti economic reforms of 1996

The Haiti economic reforms of 1996 were designed to rebuild economy of Haiti after significant downturns suffered in the previous years.

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Haji Abdul Rahman Limbong

Haji Abdul Rahman bin Haji Abdul Hamid (—1929) was an ulema, known as Haji Abdul Rahman Limbong because he visited Limbong, Kemaman to teach Islam and start trading.

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Half-year convention

Half-year convention is a principle of United States taxation law.

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Hall income tax

The Hall income tax is a Tennessee state tax on interest and dividend income from investments.

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Hall Render

Hall Render is the largest health care-focused law firm in the country.

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Halliburton

Halliburton is an American multinational corporation.

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Halotus

Halotus (c. 20–30 ADc. 70–80 AD) was a servant to the Roman Emperor Claudius, the fourth member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.

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Hamlet (Oregon)

A hamlet is a model of local governance in Clackamas County in the U.S. state of Oregon.

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Hamlet (place)

A hamlet is a small human settlement.

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Hans Bohm

Hans Böhm, often known as the Drummer of Niklashausen (died 1476), was born in the small village of Helmstadt in the south-central region of Germany known as Franconia was a religious revolutionary.

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Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza

Hans Henrik Ágost Gábor, Baron Thyssen-Bornemisza de Kászon et Impérfalva (13 April 1921 – 26 April 2002), a noted industrialist and art collector, was a Dutch-born Swiss citizen with a Hungarian title, a legal resident of Monaco for tax purposes, with a declared second residency in the United Kingdom, but in actuality a long-time resident of Spain, and son of a German father and a Hungarian and English American mother (related to Daniel M. Frost and John Kerry).

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Harris Flanagin

Harris Flanagin (November 3, 1817 – October 23, 1874) was an American politician who served as the 7th Governor of Arkansas from 1862 to 1864.

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Harvey Norman

Harvey Norman is a large Australian-based, multi-national retailer of furniture, bedding, computers, communications and consumer electrical products.

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Harvey S. Rosen

Harvey Sheldon Rosen (born 29 March 1949) is the John L. Weinberg Professor of Economics and Business Policy at Princeton University, and former chairperson of the Council of Economic Advisers.

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Hasmonean dynasty

The Hasmonean dynasty (חַשְׁמוֹנַּאִים, Ḥašmōna'īm) was a ruling dynasty of Judea and surrounding regions during classical antiquity.

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Hassan Rouhani

Hassan Rouhani (حسن روحانی,, Standard Persian:; born Hassan Fereydoun (حسن فریدون) on 12 November 1948) is an Iranian politician serving as the current and seventh President of Iran since 3 August 2013.

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Hatalov

Hatalov is a village and municipality in Michalovce District in the Kosice Region of eastern Slovakia.

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Hauptwohnsitz

In German-speaking countries, Hauptwohnsitz (Main domicile) denotes the primary place of residence.

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Haute Cour of Jerusalem

The Haute Cour (High Court) was the feudal council of the kingdom of Jerusalem.

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Hauz Khas Complex

Hauz Khas Complex (हौज़ ख़ास, ਹੌਜ਼ ਖ਼ਾਸ, حوض خاص) in Hauz Khas, South Delhi houses a water tank, an Islamic seminary, a mosque, a tomb and pavilions built around an urbanized village with medieval history traced to the 13th century of Delhi Sultanate reign.

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Havering Palace

Havering Palace was an old royal residence in England.

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Hawker (trade)

A hawker is a vendor of merchandise that can be easily transported; the term is roughly synonymous with peddler or costermonger.

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Hawksbill Creek Agreement

The Hawksbill Creek Agreement was an agreement signed in 1955 between the government of the Bahamas and Wallace Groves to establish a city and free trade zone on Grand Bahama Island with an aim of spurring economic development in the area.

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Hazelwood Hall

Hazelwood Hall is a Victorian mansion set in 18.5 acres of mature woodland and gardens in the village of Silverdale, Lancashire, England, some 8.5 miles (14 km) north of Lancaster.

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Health care

Health care or healthcare is the maintenance or improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in human beings.

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Health insurance mandate

A health insurance mandate is either an employer or individual mandate to obtain private health insurance instead of (or in addition to) a national health insurance plan.

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Health system

A health system, also sometimes referred to as health care system or as healthcare system, is the organization of people, institutions, and resources that deliver health care services to meet the health needs of target populations.

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Health systems by country

This article provides a brief overview of the health systems of the world, sorted by continent.

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Healthcare in Belgium

Healthcare in Belgium is composed of three parts.

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Healthcare in Denmark

The central government plays a relatively limited role in health care in Denmark.

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Hearth tax

A hearth tax was a property tax in certain countries during the medieval and early modern period, levied on each hearth, thus by proxy on each family unit.

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Heating oil

Heating oil is a low viscosity, liquid petroleum product used as a fuel oil for furnaces or boilers in buildings.

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Hedonic regression

In economics, hedonic regression or hedonic demand theory is a revealed preference method of estimating demand or value.

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Heiligenstadt in Oberfranken

Heiligenstadt in Oberfranken (officially: Heiligenstadt i. OFr.) is a community with market rights in the Upper Franconian district of Bamberg.

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Hell-Bent for Election

Hell-Bent For Election is a 1944 two-reel (thirteen minute) animated cartoon short subject now in the public domain.

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Helma Neppérus

Helma Neppérus (born 21 June 1950 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch politician and former tax inspector and rower.

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Helsingborg

Helsingborg (spelled Hälsingborg between 1912 and 1970) is a town and the seat of Helsingborg Municipality, Scania, Sweden.

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Henk Koning

Hendrik Elle (Henk) Koning (7 June 1933 – 31 December 2016) was a Dutch tax official and politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).

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Henri Story

Henri Albert Oscar Lucien Marie Ghislain Story (27 November 1897 – 5 December 1944) was a Belgian businessman and liberal politician in Ghent.

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Henric Rungeen

Henric Rungeen (in some sources Hindrich Rungeen or Rungen, d. 1742) was a Finnish merchant and early industrialist.

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Henry Horner

Henry Horner (November 30, 1878 – October 6, 1940) was an American politician.

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Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland

Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland (c. 1449 – 28 April 1489) was an English aristocrat during the Wars of the Roses.

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Henry Woodhouse (forger)

Henry Woodhouse (1884–1970) was an Italian-born US aviation writer, magazine publisher, investor, and collector.

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Henryk Kietlicz

Henryk Kietlicz (1150 – March 22, 1219) was Archbishop of Gniezno from 1199 to 1219 was the main architect of the changes that allowed the Polish church to gain independence from the secular authorities.

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Herschweiler-Pettersheim

Herschweiler-Pettersheim is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Heshen

Niohuru Heshen (1 July 1750 – 22 February 1799) of the Manchu Niohuru clan, was an official of the Qing dynasty who was favoured by the Qianlong Emperor.

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HGTV Dream Home

The HGTV Dream Home is the American cable network Home & Garden Television's annual project house and sweepstakes, held since 1997.

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Hidalgo (nobility)

An hidalgo or a fidalgo is a member of the Spanish or Portuguese nobility; the feminine forms of the terms are hidalga, in Spanish, and fidalga, in Portuguese and Galician.

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Hidden tax

A hidden tax is a tax that is not visible to the taxpayer.

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Hilbre Islands

The Hilbre Islands are an archipelago consisting of three islands at the mouth of the estuary of the River Dee, the border between England and Wales at this point.

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Hillsborough, North Carolina

The town of Hillsborough is the county seat of Orange County, North Carolina.

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Hire purchase

A hire purchase (HP) or known as installment plan in the United States is an arrangement whereby a customer agrees to a contract to acquire an asset by paying an initial installment (e.g. 40% of the total) and repays the balance of the price of the asset plus interest over a period of time.

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Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States

The racial and ethnic demographics of the United States have changed dramatically throughout its history.

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Historiography of the fall of the Western Roman Empire

The causes and mechanisms of the Fall of the Western Roman Empire are a historical theme that was introduced by historian Edward Gibbon in his 1776 book The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.

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History of accounting

The history of accounting or accountancy is thousands of years old and can be traced to ancient civilizations.

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History of agriculture in the Indian subcontinent

Indian agriculture began by 9000 BCE as a result of early cultivation of plants, and domestication of crops and animals.

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History of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan

This article discusses the history of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan during the history of Sudan from 1899 to 1955.

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History of Basque whaling

The Basques were among the first to catch whales commercially, as opposed to aboriginal whaling, and dominated the trade for five centuries, spreading to the far corners of the North Atlantic and even reaching the South Atlantic.

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History of Bolivian nationality

Historically, a major issue for the Bolivian nationality movement has been citizenship for indigenous peoples.

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History of Burger King

The predecessor to what is now the international fast food restaurant chain Burger King was founded in 1953 in Jacksonville, Florida, as Insta-Burger King.

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History of capitalist theory

A theory of capitalism describes the essential features of capitalism and how it functions.

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History of Chile during the Parliamentary Era (1891–1925)

The Parliamentary Era in Chile began in 1891, at the end of the Civil War, and spanned until 1925 and the establishment of the 1925 Constitution.

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History of chocolate

The history of chocolate begins in Mesoamerica.

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History of cotton

The history of cotton can be traced to domestication.

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History of Cyprus since 1878

This article is about the history of Cyprus from 1878 to the present.

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History of Dubai

The first human settlement in the history of Dubai was in approximately 3000 BCE, when the area was inhabited by nomadic cattle herders.

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History of economic thought

The history of economic thought deals with different thinkers and theories in the subject that became political economy and economics, from the ancient world to the present day in the 21st Century.

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History of English land law

The history of English land law can be traced into Roman times, and through the Dark Ages under Saxon monarchs where, as for most of human history, land was the dominant source of personal wealth.

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History of French wine

The history of French wine, spans a period of at least 2600 years dating to the founding of Massalia in the 6th century BC by Phocaeans with the possibility that viticulture existed much earlier.

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History of Islamic economics

Between the 9th and 14th centuries, the Muslim world developed many concepts and techniques in economics such as Hawala, an early informal value transfer system, Islamic trusts known as waqf, and mufawada.

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History of Landsbanki

In establishing Landsbanki, the Icelandic parliament hoped to boost monetary transactions and encourage the country’s nascent industries.

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History of Louisville, Kentucky

The history of Louisville, Kentucky spans hundreds of years, with thousands of years of human habitation.

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History of Luxembourg

The history of Luxembourg consists of the history of the country of Luxembourg and its geographical area.

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History of Mexico

The history of Mexico, a country in the southern portion of North America, covers a period of more than three millennia.

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History of modern Christianity

The history of modern Christianity concerns the Christian religion from the end of the Early Modern era to the present day.

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History of Monaco

The early history of Monaco is primarily concerned with the protective and strategic value of the Rock of Monaco, the area's chief geological landmark, which served first as a shelter for ancient peoples and later as a fortress.

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History of North Carolina

The history of North Carolina from prehistory to the present covers the experiences of the people who have lived in the territory that now comprises the U.S. state of North Carolina.

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History of Paraguay (to 1811)

Long before Spanish conquistadors discovered Paraguay for King Charles V in 1524, semi-nomadic Chaco Indian tribes populated Paraguay’s rugged landscape.

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History of Portugal (1640–1777)

From the restoration of the House of Braganza in 1640 until the end of the reign of the Marquis of Pombal in 1777, the kingdom of Portugal was in a period of transition.

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History of Portugal (1777–1834)

The history of the kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves, from the First Treaty of San Ildefonso and the beginning of the reign of Queen Maria I in 1777, to the end of the Liberal Wars in 1834, spans a complex historical period in which several important political and military events led to the end of the absolutist regime and to the installation of a constitutional monarchy in the country.

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History of Protestantism

Protestantism originated from work of several theologians starting in the 12th century, although there could have been earlier cases of which there is no surviving evidence.

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History of public library advocacy

Public libraries in the American Colonies can be traced back to 1656, when a Boston merchant named Captain Robert Keayne willed his collection of books to the town.

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History of responsa in Judaism

History of responsa in Judaism spans a period of 1,700 years.

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History of Seychelles

The recorded history of Seychelles dates back to the 16th century.

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History of Sherry

The history of Sherry is closely linked with that of Spanish wine production, particularly the political fortunes of the Cádiz region, where it originated with the early Phoenician settlement of the Iberian Peninsula.

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History of Somalia (1991–2006)

Between the fall of Siad Barre's government in January 1991 and the establishment of the Transitional National Government in 2006 (succeeded by the Transitional Federal Government), there was no central government in Somalia.

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History of the British salt tax in India

Taxation of salt has occurred in India since the earliest times.

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History of the Central African Republic

The history of the Central African Republic is roughly composed of four distinct periods.

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History of the Constitution of the Roman Republic

The history of the Constitution of the Roman Republic is a study of the ancient Roman Republic that traces the progression of Roman political development from the founding of the Roman Republic in 509 BC until the founding of the Roman Empire in 27 BC.

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History of the Constitution of the United Kingdom

The Constitution of the United Kingdom has evolved over a long period of time beginning in the predecessor states to the United Kingdom and continuing to the present day.

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History of the Czech lands in the High Middle Ages

The history of the Czech lands in the High Middle Ages encompasses the period from the rule of Vladislav II (c.1110–1174 AD) to that of Henry of Bohemia (c.1265–1335).

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History of the Faroe Islands

The early details of the history of the Faroe Islands are unclear.

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History of the Jews in 18th-century Poland

The 18th-Century for the Jews of Poland was a tumultuous period as political unrest in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth led to changes in the treatment and behavior of Jews living within its territory.

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History of the Jews in Hungary

Jews have a long history in the country now known as Hungary, with some records even predating the AD 895 Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin by over 600 years.

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History of the Jews in Latvia

The History of the Jews in Latvia dates back to the first Jewish colony established in Piltene in 1571.

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History of the Jews in Laupheim

The history of the Jews in Laupheim began in the first half of the 18th century.

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History of the Jews in the Soviet Union

The history of the Jews in the Soviet Union is inextricably linked to much earlier expansionist policies of the Tsarist Russia conquering and ruling the eastern half of the European continent already before the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.

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History of the Jews in Tunisia

The history of the Jews in Tunisia extends over nearly two thousand years and goes back to the Punic era.

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History of the Libertarian Party (United States)

The Libertarian Party of the United States was formed in Colorado Springs in the home of Luke Zell by a group of individuals led by David Nolan on December 11, 1971, after several months of debate among members of the Committee to Form a Libertarian Party, founded July 17.

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History of the MRT (Singapore)

The history of the Mass Rapid Transit system of Singapore commenced with its planning in the 1960s, which finally led to its opening in 1987 with the launch of the 6 km section of the North South Line from Yio Chu Kang to Toa Payoh.

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History of the petroleum industry in Canada (frontier exploration and development)

Canada's early petroleum discoveries took place near population centres or along lines of penetration into the frontier.

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History of the St. Louis Cardinals (1920–52)

The St. Louis Cardinals, a professional baseball franchise based in St. Louis, Missouri, compete in the National League (NL) of Major League Baseball (MLB).

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History of trade of the People's Republic of China

Trade is a key factor of the People's Republic of China's economy.

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History of United States patent law

The history of United States patent law started even before the U.S. Constitution was adopted, with some state-specific patent laws.

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History of Yorkshire

Yorkshire is a historic county of England, centred on the county town of York.

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HLB International

HLB International is an international network of independent professional accounting firms and business advisors, comprising member firms in 150 countries.

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Holding company

A holding company is a company that owns other companies' outstanding stock.

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Homberg (Efze)

Homberg is a small town in the northern part of Hesse, a state in central Germany, with about 15,000 inhabitants.

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Homesteading

Homesteading is a lifestyle of self-sufficiency.

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Hong Kong dollar

The Hong Kong dollar (sign: HK$; code: HKD) is the official currency of Hong Kong.

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Honolulu County, Hawaii

Honolulu County (officially known as the City and County of Honolulu, formerly Oahu County) is a consolidated city–county located in the U.S. state of Hawaii.

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Hopkins Library

Library service to the Hopkins, Minnesota community was established more than 100 years ago, when the library was housed in City Hall.

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Hoppy (drink)

is a beer-flavored almost non-alcoholic drink (0.8% alcohol) that Kokuka Beverage Company began producing and selling in Japan in 1948; it is currently most available in and associated with Tokyo.

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Horse racing in Ireland

Horse racing in Ireland is intricately linked with Irish culture and society.

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Household income

Household income is a measure of the combined incomes of all people sharing a particular household or place of residence.

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Housewife

A housewife (also known as a homekeeper) is a woman whose work is running or managing her family's home—caring for her children; buying, cooking, and storing food for the family; buying goods that the family needs in everyday life; housekeeping and maintaining the home; and making clothes for the family—and who is not employed outside the home.

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Huexotzinco Codex

The Huexotzinco Codex or Huejotzingo Codex is a colonial-era Nahua pictorial manuscript, collectively known as Aztec codices.

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Hugh Williamson

Hugh Williamson (December 5, 1735 – May 22, 1819) was an American physician and politician.

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Human billboard

A human billboard is someone who applies an advertisement on his or her person.

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Human impact on the environment

Human impact on the environment or anthropogenic impact on the environment includes changes to biophysical environments and ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources caused directly or indirectly by humans, including global warming, environmental degradation (such as ocean acidification), mass extinction and biodiversity loss, ecological crises, and ecological collapse.

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Human population planning

Human population planning is the practice of intentionally managing the rate of growth of a human population.

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Human rights in the United Kingdom

Human rights in the United Kingdom are set out in common law, with its strongest roots being in the English Bill of Rights 1689 and Scottish Claim of Right Act 1689, as well as legislation of European institutions: the EU and the European Court of Human Rights.

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Humble Petition and Advice

The Humble Petition and Advice was the second, and last, codified constitution of England after the Instrument of Government.

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Hundred Group

The Hundred Group is a group of British finance directors (FD), operating as the unofficial mouthpiece of the finance function of the FTSE-100.

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Hundred Rolls

The Hundred Rolls are a census of England and parts of what is now Wales taken in the late thirteenth century.

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Hut tax

The hut tax was a type of taxation introduced by British colonialists in Africa on a per hut or household basis.

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Huu-ay-aht First Nations

The Huu-ay-aht First Nations (HFN) is a First Nations band government based on Pachena Bay about northwest of Victoria, British Columbia on the west coast of Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada.

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Huw Dixon

Huw David Dixon (/hju: devəd dɪksən/), born 1958, is a British economist. He has been a professor at Cardiff Business School since 2006, having previously been Head of Economics at the University of York (2003–2006) after being a Professor of economics there (1992–2003), and the University of Swansea (1991–1992), a Reader at Essex University (1987–1991) and a lecturer at Birkbeck College (University of London) 1983–1987.

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Hydraulic engineering

Hydraulic engineering as a sub-discipline of civil engineering is concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water and sewage.

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Hydrocarbon exploration

Hydrocarbon exploration (or oil and gas exploration) is the search by petroleum geologists and geophysicists for hydrocarbon deposits beneath the Earth's surface, such as oil and natural gas.

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Hyperinflation

In economics, hyperinflation is very high and typically accelerating inflation.

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Hypothecated tax

The hypothecation of a tax (also known as the ring-fencing or earmarking of a tax) is the dedication of the revenue from a specific tax for a particular expenditure purpose.

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Icelandic Socialist Party

The Icelandic Socialist Party (Icelandic: Sósíalistaflokkur Íslands) is a Socialist political party in Iceland, which was founded on the International Workers' Day 1 May 2017.

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Ideology of Tintin

Hergé started drawing his comics series The Adventures of Tintin in 1929 for Le Petit Vingtième, the children's section of the Belgian newspaper Le Vingtième Siècle, run by the Abbé Norbert Wallez, an avid supporter of social Catholicism, a right-wing movement.

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Ignacio Ramonet

Ignacio Ramonet Miguez (born 5 May 1943) is a Spanish journalist and writer.

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Ileni Hagos

Ileni Hagos (c. 1805 – 1851) was an important leader of the Tigrayans during the nineteenth century.

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Illinois Department of Revenue

The Illinois Department of Revenue (IDOR) is the code department of the Illinois state government that collects state taxes, operates the state lottery, oversees the state's casino industry, oversees the state's thoroughbred and harness horse racing industries, and regulates the distribution of alcoholic beverages throughout Illinois, including beer, wine, and liquor.

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Illinois Farm Bureau

The Illinois Farm Bureau (IFB) is a nonprofit U.S. organization controlled by farmers who join IFB through one of the 96 county farm bureaus in Illinois.

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Immigration policy

An immigration policy is any policy of a state that deals with the transit of people across its borders into the country, but especially those that intend to work and stay in the country.

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Impact fee

An impact fee is a fee that is imposed by a local government within the United States on a new or proposed development project to pay for all or a portion of the costs of providing public services to the new development.

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Imperial Estate

An Imperial State or Imperial Estate (Status Imperii; Reichsstand, plural: Reichsstände) was a part of the Holy Roman Empire with representation and the right to vote in the Imperial Diet (Reichstag).

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Imperial immediacy

Imperial immediacy (Reichsfreiheit or Reichsunmittelbarkeit) was a privileged constitutional and political status rooted in German feudal law under which the Imperial estates of the Holy Roman Empire such as Imperial cities, prince-bishoprics and secular principalities, and individuals such as the Imperial knights, were declared free from the authority of any local lord and placed under the direct ("immediate", in the sense of "without an intermediary") authority of the Emperor, and later of the institutions of the Empire such as the Diet (Reichstag), the Imperial Chamber of Justice and the Aulic Council.

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Imperial road

In medieval times, imperial roads (Reichsstraße) were designated routes in the Holy Roman Empire that afforded protection to travellers in return for tolls collected for the emperor.

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Import Surtaxes

Import surtaxes, also known as special tariffs, are extra taxes on top of the normal import tax of imported goods, with the extra taxes being reserved for some purposes.

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Imputed rent

Imputed rent is an estimate in economic theory of the rent a house owner would be willing to pay to live in his or her own house.

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Imraguen people

The Imraguen, or Imeraguen (Berber: Imragen), are an ethnic group or tribe of Mauritania and Western Sahara.

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Imran Khan

Imran Ahmad Khan Niazi PP, HI (born 5 October 1952) is the Chairman of Pakistan Movement of Justice and the candidate for the Prime Minister of Pakistan in the upcoming Pakistani general election, 2018.

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Income (United States legal definitions)

In U.S. business and financial accounting, the income is generally defined by GAAP and the Financial Accounting Standards Board as: Revenues - Expenses; however, many people use it as shorthand for ''net'' income, which is the amount of money that a company earns after covering all of its costs as well as taxes.

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Income statement

An income statement or profit and loss accountProfessional English in Use - Finance, Cambridge University Press, p. 10 (also referred to as a profit and loss statement (P&L), statement of profit or loss, revenue statement, statement of financial performance, earnings statement, operating statement, or statement of operations) is one of the financial statements of a company and shows the company’s revenues and expenses during a particular period.

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Income tax

An income tax is a tax imposed on individuals or entities (taxpayers) that varies with respective income or profits (taxable income).

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Income tax in Singapore

Income tax in Singapore involves both individual income tax and corporate income tax.

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Income tax in the Netherlands

Income tax in the Netherlands (personal, rather than corporate) is regulated by the Wet inkomstenbelasting 2001 (Income Tax Law, 2001).

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Inconfidência Mineira

Inconfidência Mineira ("Minas Gerais Conspiracy") was an unsuccessful separatist movement in Brazil in 1789.

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Incorporation (business)

Incorporation is the formation of a new corporation (a corporation being a legal entity that is effectively recognized as a person under the law).

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Independent Financial Adviser

Independent Financial Advisers or IFAs are professionals who offer independent advice on financial matters to their clients and recommend suitable financial products from the whole of the market.

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Index of economics articles

This aims to be a complete article list of economics topics.

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Index of international trade topics

This is a list of international trade topics.

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Index of law articles

This collection of lists of law topics collects the names of topics related to law.

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Index of real estate articles

This aims to be a complete list of the articles on real estate.

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Index of urban sociology articles

Urban sociology is the sociological study of social life and human interaction in metropolitan areas.

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Indigenous and community conserved area

Indigenous and community conserved areas (ICCAs), or indigenous peoples’ and community conserved territories and areas, are spaces de facto governed by indigenous peoples or local communities with evidently positive outcomes for the conservation of biological and cultural diversity.

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Indirect tax

An indirect tax (such as sales tax, per unit tax, value added tax (VAT), or goods and services tax (GST)) is a tax collected by an intermediary (such as a retail store) from the person who bears the ultimate economic burden of the tax (such as the consumer).

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Individual

An individual is that which exists as a distinct entity.

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Individualization

Individualization may refer to.

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Indonesian State College of Accountancy

State College of Accountancy (Politeknik Keuangan Negara STAN; abbreviated as STAN), is a government-affiliated college in Indonesia, located in Banten, in Bintaro Sector V Tangerang Selatan.

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Information Technology Agreement

The Information Technology Agreement (ITA) is an agreement enforced by the World Trade Organization (WTO) and concluded in the Ministerial Declaration on Trade in Information Technology Products in 1996, and entered into force 1 July 1997.

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Infrastructural power

Infrastructural power is the capacity of the state to enforce policy throughout its entire territory.

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Inheritance tax

A tax paid by a person who inherits money or property or a levy on the estate (money and property) of a person who has died.

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Inland Revenue

The Inland Revenue was, until April 2005, a department of the British Government responsible for the collection of direct taxation, including income tax, national insurance contributions, capital gains tax, inheritance tax, corporation tax, petroleum revenue tax and stamp duty.

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Inland Revenue Department (Hong Kong)

The Inland Revenue Department (abbreviated IRD) of Hong Kong Government is one of Hong Kong government departments which is responsible for the administration of the following Hong Kong ordinances on taxes and duties and the related rules and regulations: Betting Duty Ordinance Cap.108 Business Registration Ordinance Cap.310 Estate Duty Ordinance Cap.111 Hotel Accommodation Tax Ordinance Cap.348 Inland Revenue Ordinance Cap.112 Stamp Duty Ordinance Cap.117 Tax Reserve Certificates Ordinance Cap.289.

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Innis College, Toronto

Innis College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Toronto.

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INPACT

INPACT Global is an international group of accounting firms that provide audit, accountancy, tax, business restructuring and insolvency, corporate finance and consulting services.

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Installment Agreement

An Installment Agreement in the United States is an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) program which allows individuals to pay tax debt in monthly payments.

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Installment sales method

The installment sales method is one of several approaches used to recognize revenue under the US GAAP, specifically when revenue and expense are recognized at the time of cash collection rather than at the time of sale.

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Institute for Social and Economic Analyses

The Institute for Social and Economic Analyses (ISEA) is a Prague-based think tank established in 2002.

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Institute of Accounting and Commerce

The Institute of Accounting and Commerce (IAC) is a Recognised Controlling Body for Accounting Professionals, Tax and Business Rescue Practitioners based in South Africa and is a registered professional body under the National Qualifications Framework Act, 2008.

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Institute of Certified Management Accountants of Sri Lanka

The Institute of Certified Management Accountants of Sri Lanka, (CMA Sri Lanka) is a professional body offering qualification in management accountancy in Sri Lanka.

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Institute of Public Affairs

The Institute of Public Affairs (IPA) is a conservative public policy think tank.

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Insurance

Insurance is a means of protection from financial loss.

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Insurance Premium Tax (United Kingdom)

Insurance Premium Tax (IPT) is a type of indirect tax levied on general insurance premiums in the United Kingdom.

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Intellectual property valuation

Valuation is considered as one of the most critical areas in finance; it plays a key role in many areas of finance such as buy/sell, solvency, merger and acquisition.

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Inter gravissimas

Inter gravissimas was a papal bull issued by Pope Gregory XIII on February 24, 1582.

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Inter-American Center of Tax Administrations

The Inter-American Center of Tax Administrations "CIAT" is an international organization specialized in training and exchanges of information between national tax administrations.

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Interest rate parity

Interest rate parity is a no-arbitrage condition representing an equilibrium state under which investors will be indifferent to interest rates available on bank deposits in two countries.

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Interest Tax Act, 1974

The Interest Tax Act, 1974 was an Act that imposed a special tax on interest accrued in specified cases.

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Interim Self Governing Authority

The Interim Self Governing Authority was a proposal issued on October 2003 by the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) of Sri Lanka for power sharing in the north and east of Sri Lanka.

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Internal financing

In the theory of capital structure, internal financing is the name for a firm using its profits as a source of capital for new investment, rather than a) distributing them to firm's owners or other investors and b) obtaining capital elsewhere. It is to be contrasted with external financing which consists of new money from outside of the firm brought in for investment. Internal financing is generally thought to be less expensive for the firm than external financing because the firm does not have to incur transaction costs to obtain it, nor does it have to pay the taxes associated with paying dividends. Many economists debate whether the availability of internal financing is an important determinant of firm investment or not. A related controversy is whether the fact that internal financing is empirically correlated with investment implies firms are credit constrained and therefore depend on internal financing for investment.

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Internal Revenue Code section 212

Internal Revenue Code § 212 provides a deduction, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, for expenses incurred in investment activities.

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Internal Revenue Code section 3401

Section 3401 of the Internal Revenue Code of the United States of America gives the definitions pertaining to Wage Withholding.

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International Bottled Water Association

The International Bottled Water Association, or IBWA, is a trade association of companies in the bottled water industry.

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International Business Companies Act

The International Business Companies Act, 1984 was a statute of the British Virgin Islands which permitted the incorporation of International Business Companies (IBCs) within the Territory.

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International Fiscal Association

The International Fiscal Association (IFA) was established in 1938 as the only non-governmental and non-sectoral international organisation dealing with fiscal matters.

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International Organization of Legal Metrology

The International Organization of Legal Metrology (Organisation Internationale de Métrologie Légale - OIML), is an intergovernmental organization, created in 1955 and based in Paris, to promote the global harmonization of the legal metrology procedures that underpin and facilitate international trade.

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International Shoe Co. v. Washington

International Shoe Co.

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International Simultaneous Policy Organization

The International Simultaneous Policy Organisation (ISPO) is a voluntary organization that promotes the Simultaneous Policy (Simpol) campaign.

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International Speedway Corporation

International Speedway Corporation (ISC) is a corporation whose primary business is the ownership and management of NASCAR and IndyCar race tracks.

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International Student Travel Confederation

The International Student Travel Confederation is a non-profit organisation founded in 1949 with a goal to secure and inform students of cheaper and or tax free travel.

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International taxation

International taxation is the study or determination of tax on a person or business subject to the tax laws of different countries or the international aspects of an individual country's tax laws as the case may be.

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International trading tax stamp

International trading tax stamp is kind of revenue stamps that were used in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s for taxation of the trade in stamps.

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Internet taxes

In 1996, several U.S. states and municipalities began to see Internet services as a potential source of tax revenue.

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Internet traffic

Internet traffic is the flow of data across the Internet.

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Investment policy

An investment policy is any government regulation or law that encourages or discourages foreign investment in the local economy, e.g. currency exchange limits.

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Investment-specific technological progress

Investment-specific technological progress refers to progress that requires investment in new equipment and structures embodying the latest technology in order to realize its benefits.

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Irish Confederate Wars

The Irish Confederate Wars, also called the Eleven Years' War (derived from the Irish language name Cogadh na hAon Bhliana Déag), took place in Ireland between 1641 and 1653.

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Iron Gates

The Iron Gates (Porțile de Fier, Đerdapska klisura, Железни врата, Eisernes Tor, Vaskapu) is a gorge on the river Danube.

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IRS e-file

E-file is a system for submitting tax documents to the US Internal Revenue Service through the Internet or direct connection, usually without the need to submit any paper documents.

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IRS impersonation scam

In the United States, sophisticated scammers have targeted American taxpayers by pretending to be Internal Revenue Service (IRS) collection officers.

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Irwin Goodman

Antti Yrjö Hammarberg (14 September 1943 – 14 January 1991), professionally known as Irwin Goodman, was a popular Finnish rock and folk singer.

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ISDA Master Agreement

The ISDA Master Agreement is the most commonly used master service agreement for OTC derivatives transactions internationally.

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Isidorus

Isidorus (born c. 139) was a native ancient Egyptian priest in the 2nd century during the Roman rule in Egypt.

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Islam during the Yuan dynasty

The establishment of the Yuan dynasty in China in the 13th century dramatically increased the number of Muslims in China.

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Islam in China

Islam in China has existed through 1,400 years of continuous interaction with Chinese society.

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Islamic socialism

Islamic socialism is a term coined by various Muslim leaders to describe a more spiritual form of socialism.

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Islamic taxes

Islamic taxes are taxes sanctioned by Islamic law.

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Isle of Man Treasury

The Treasury;; (Yn Tashtey) of the Isle of Man is the finance department of the Isle of Man Government.

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Israel Putnam

Israel Putnam (January 7, 1718 – May 29, 1790) was an American army general officer, popularly known as Old Put, who fought with distinction at the Battle of Bunker Hill (1775) during the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783).

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István Szabó de Nagyatád

István Szabó de Nagyatád (17 September 1863 – 31 October 1924) was a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Agriculture three times: in 1919, between 1920 and 1921 and from 1922 to 1924.

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Italian Agency of Revenue

The Italian Agency of Revenue, also known as Agenzia delle Entrate, is the Italian governmental agency that enforces the financial code of Italy and collects taxes and revenue.

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Italian Radicals

The Italian Radicals (Radicali Italiani, RI) are a political party in Italy, which describes itself as a "liberale, liberista e libertario", where liberista denotes economic liberalism and libertario a form of cultural liberalism concerning moral issues.

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Italian welfare state

The Italian welfare state is based upon the corporatist-conservative model, as described by Gøsta Esping-Andersen, one of the world's foremost sociologists working on the analysis of welfare states.

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Jack Tafari

Jack Tafari (born 31 October 1946 in Gravesend, Kent, United Kingdom, died 20 April 2016 in Accra, Ghana, Africa), was a sometimes homeless Rastafari activist who advocated for himself and other homeless people, in the USA and the UK.

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Jacob Sander

Jacob Sander was an American cattle dealer from Milwaukee, Wisconsin who served a single term as a Liberal Reform Party member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

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Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne

Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne (23 April 17563 June 1819), also known as Jean Nicolas, was a French personality of the Revolutionary period.

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Jai Singh II

Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh (3 November 1688 – 21 September 1743) was the Hindu Rajput ruler of the kingdom of Amber (later called Jaipur).

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Jam tomorrow

Jam tomorrow or jam to-morrow (older spelling) is an expression for a never-fulfilled promise.

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Jamaican Free Zones

The Jamaican Free Zones are a government free trade zone initiative in Jamaica.

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James Blenk

James Hubert Herbert Blenk, S.M. (July 28, 1856 – April 20, 1917) was a German American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Bishop of Puerto Rico (1899–1906) and Archbishop of New Orleans (1906–1917).

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James Chalmers (inventor)

James Chalmers (2 February 1782, Arbroath – 26 August 1853, Dundee) was a Scotsman (buried on 1 September 1853 in plot 526 Dundee Howff) who it was claimed, by his son, was the inventor of the adhesive postage stamps.

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James M. Poterba

James Michael "Jim" Poterba, FBA (born July 13, 1958) is an American economist, Mitsui Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and current NBER president and chief executive officer.

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James Tobin

James Tobin (March 5, 1918 – March 11, 2002) was an American economist who served on the Council of Economic Advisers and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and taught at Harvard and Yale Universities.

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James Vint

James H. Vint (January 14, 1881 – ?) was a machinist from Milwaukee, Wisconsin who served three terms as a Socialist member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

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Jan C. Ting

Jan Ching-an Ting (born December 17, 1948) is a Professor of Law at Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

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Jan ter Laan

Jan ter Laan (Slochteren, December 12, 1872 - Rotterdam, August 9, 1956) was a Netherlands politician and long-term member of the Lower House of Parliament for SDAP.

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Janusz Korwin-Mikke

Janusz Ryszard Korwin-Mikke (born 27 October 1942), often referred to by his initials JKM, is a Polish politician, writer and the founder of the right-wing libertarian and Eurosceptic political party called "Liberty".

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Jardine Strategic Holdings

Jardine Strategic Holdings Limited is a large company that holds stock.

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Jämtland

Jämtland (Norwegian: Jemtland,; Latin: Iemptia) or Jamtland is a historical province (landskap) in the centre of Sweden in northern Europe.

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JDC West

Jeux du Commerce West, JDC West Business Competition or informally, JDC West is an annual business competition featuring top business schools and students from across Western Canada, as well as the largest undergraduate business competition in Western Canada.

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Jean Charest

Jean James Charest, (born John James Charest;; born June 24, 1958) is a Quebec politician.

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Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Jean-Baptiste Colbert (29 August 1619 – 6 September 1683) was a French politician who served as the Minister of Finances of France from 1665 to 1683 under the rule of King Louis XIV.

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Jefferson County, Alabama

Jefferson County is the most populous county in the state of Alabama in the United States.

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Jerry A. Hausman

Jerry Allen Hausman (born May 5, 1946) is the John and Jennie S. MacDonald Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a notable econometrician.

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Jiangmen

Jiangmen, formerly romanized in Cantonese as Kongmoon, is a prefecture-level city in Guangdong Province in southern China.

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Jim Bell

James Dalton Bell (born 1958) is an American crypto-anarchist who created the idea of arranging for anonymously sponsored assassination payments via the Internet, which he called "assassination politics".

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Jizya

Jizya or jizyah (جزية; جزيه) is a per capita yearly tax historically levied on non-Muslim subjects, called the dhimma, permanently residing in Muslim lands governed by Islamic law.

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JK Harris & Company

JK Harris & Company, LLC, founded in 1997, was a tax representation firm in the United States.

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Joachim Merz

Joachim Merz (born October 26, 1948 in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe) is a German economist.

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Joaquín Moya-Angeler Sánchez

Joaquín Moya-Angeler Sánchez is a Spanish politician and lawyer, born in Murcia on January 23, 1954.

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Joel Gerber

Joel Gerber (born Illinois, 1940) was the Chief Judge of the United States Tax Court.

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Jogo Justo

The (Projeto Jogo Justo, in Portuguese) is an initiative that has the objective of reducing the tax burden on imported video games in Brazil, which is around 72.18%.

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Johann Lamont

Johann MacDougall Lamont (born 11 July 1957) is a Scottish politician, who was the Leader of the Scottish Labour Party from 2011-2014.

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Johann von Miquel

Johann von Miquel (19 February 1828 – 8 September 1901) was a German statesman.

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John and Ken

John Chester Kobylt and Kenneth Robertson Chiampou, known professionally as John and Ken, are American talk radio hosts of a four-hour weekday radio show, The John and Ken Show, on KFI AM 640 in Southern California.

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John Baptist Scandella

John Baptist Scandella STD (Gibraltar, 19 September 1821 - id., 27 August 1880) was a Gibraltarian Roman Catholic priest of Genoese descent.

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John Carlson (radio host)

John Eric Carlson (born June 3, 1959) is an American politician and talk radio host on KVI-AM by Fisher Broadcasting from the state of Washington.

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John G. Schwegmann

John Gerald Schwegmann Jr. (August 14, 1911 – March 6, 1995) was a pioneer in the development of the modern supermarket.

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John Grenier

John Edward Grenier (August 24, 1930 – November 6, 2007) was an American attorney and a pioneer in the development of the modern Republican Party in the U.S. state of Alabama.

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John Hamm

John Frederick Hamm, (born April 8, 1938) is a Canadian physician and politician and was the 25th Premier of Nova Scotia from 1999 to 2006.

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John Hostettler

John Nathan Hostettler (born June 19, 1961), served in the U.S. House of Representatives from January 3, 1995 to January 3, 2007, representing the 8th District of Indiana.

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John Howe (loyalist)

John Howe (October 14, 1754 – December 27, 1835) was a loyalist printer during the American Revolution, a printer and Postmaster in Halifax, the father of the famous Joseph Howe, a spy prior to the War of 1812, and eventually a Magistrate of the Colony of Nova Scotia.

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John Keith McBroom Laird

John Keith McBroom Laird (12 January 1907 – 12 November 1985) was a Canadian author, barrister, and solicitor.

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John L. Harding

John Lackland Harding was born in 1780.

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John Locke Foundation

The John Locke Foundation (JLF) is a conservative think tank based in North Carolina.

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John Paul Capps

John Paul Capps (born April 17, 1934) is one of the longest-serving members of the state legislature in Arkansas.

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John Pittenger

John C. Pittenger (May 23, 1930 – December 6, 2009) was an American lawyer, academic and former Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, serving two non-consecutive terms in the State House.

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John R. Meyer (legislator)

John R. Meyer (July 17, 1930 – December 30, 2010) was an American physicist from Milwaukee, Wisconsin who served one term in the Wisconsin State Assembly as a Republican state representative.

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John Roth (businessman)

John Andrew Roth, a Canadian, was the chief executive officer and chairman of Nortel Networks between 1997-2001, He was called "the most successful businessman in modern Canadian history" by Time magazine and named Canada’s CEO of the Year by a Bay Street panel in the fall of 2000.

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John Scholz

Dr.

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John Stuart Mill

John Stuart Mill, also known as J.S. Mill, (20 May 1806 – 8 May 1873) was a British philosopher, political economist, and civil servant.

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John the Cappadocian

John the Cappadocian (Ιωάννης ο Καππαδόκης), was a praetorian prefect of the East (532–541) in the Byzantine Empire under Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565).

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John W. Griffin (politician)

John William Griffin (June 9, 1927 – March 23, 2006) was an Ohio farmer and a perennial candidate for various local, state, and federal offices in Ohio.

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Joint secretary to Government of India

Joint Secretary (often abbreviated as JS, GoI) is a post and a rank under the Central Staffing Scheme of the Government of India.

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Jonathan Apphus

Jonathan Apphus (Hebrew: יונתן אפפוס Yōnāṯān 'Apefūs, Ancient Greek: Ἰωνάθαν Ἀπφοῦς Iōnáthan Apphoûs) was leader of the Hasmonean dynasty of Judea from 161 to 143 BCE.

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Jonathan Leape

Jonathan Leape is the Executive Director of the International Growth Centre, and an Associate Professor of Economics at the London School of Economics and Political Science.

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Jonathan Plowman Jr.

Jonathan Plowman Jr. (1717–1795) was a spy and a privateer during the American Revolutionary War.

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Joof family

Joof (English spelling in the Gambia) or Diouf (French spelling in Senegal and Mauritania) is a surname typically Serer. This surname is also spelt Juuf or Juf (in the Serer language). They are the same people. The differences in spelling is because Senegal was colonized by France, while the Gambia was colonized by Britain. Although spelt differently, they are pronounced the same way. The totem and symbol of the Joof family is the antelope, the symbol of grace, royalty, wisdom, hard work and protection in Serer mythology. The name of their clan is "Njoofene" variations: "Njuufeen" or "Njufeen" (in Serer). Members of this family had ruled over many of the pre-colonial kingdoms of Senegambia, including the Kingdom of Sine, the Kingdom of Saloum and the Kingdom of Baol. The royal princesses (Lingeers) from the Joof family were also given in marriage to the pre-colonial kings and princes of Senegambia. Some of these included the kings of Jolof, kings of Waalo, kings of Cayor and Baol (after 1549 following the Battle of Danki). From these marriages, they provided many heirs to the thrones of these kingdoms.Sarr, Alioune, "Histoire du Sine-Saloum (Sénégal). Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker". Version légèrement remaniée par rapport à celle parue en 1986-87 Although usually associated with Serer royalty, the Joof family also figure prominently in Serer religious affairs.

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Jorge Alessandri

Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez (19 May 1896 – 31 August 1986) was the 27th President of Chile from 1958 to 1964, and was the candidate of the Chilean right in the crucial presidential election of 1970, which he lost to Salvador Allende.

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José Alencar

José Alencar Gomes da Silva (October 17, 1931 – March 29, 2011) was a Brazilian businessman and politician who served as the Vice President of Brazil from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2010.

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Joseph A. Pechman

Joseph Aaron Pechman (April 2, 1918 – August 19, 1989) was a highly influential economist and taxation scholar in the United States.

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Joseph B. Hamilton

Joseph B. Hamilton (June 10, 1817 - 1902) was an American teacher, lawyer and judge from Neenah, Wisconsin who served in the Wisconsin State Senate.

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Joseph Chalier

Joseph Chalier (1747 – 1793) was a French Revolutionist.

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Joseph Hopkinson

Joseph Hopkinson (November 12, 1770 – January 15, 1842) was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania, and later a United States federal judge.

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Joseph Stiglitz

Joseph Eugene Stiglitz (born February 9, 1943) is an American economist and a professor at Columbia University.

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Journal of Accounting Research

The Journal of Accounting Research is a peer-reviewed academic journal associated with the University of Chicago.

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Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting

The Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell.

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Journal of Public Economic Theory

The Journal of Public Economic Theory (JPET) is a fully peer-reviewed academic journal of public economics published by Wiley-Blackwell.

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Juan García Ábrego

Juan García Ábrego (born September 13, 1944) is a former Mexican drug lord who started out his criminal career under the tutelage of his uncle Juan Nepomuceno Guerra, who is reported to be the former head of a criminal dynasty along the U.S.-Mexico border now called the Gulf Cartel.

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Judicial system of post-Napoleonic France

The judicial system of post-Napoleonic France was an intricate system of relations between the government and the police/judicial force.

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Judiciary of Gibraltar

The judiciary of Gibraltar is a branch of the Government of Gibraltar that interprets and applies the law of Gibraltar, to ensure equal justice under law, and to provide a mechanism for dispute resolution.

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Julian Pierce

Julian Thomas Pierce (1946–1988) was a Lumbee Indian and civil rights leader.

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Justice and the Market

Justice and the market is an ethical perspective based upon the allocation of scarce resources within a society.

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Justin Miller (attorney and professor)

Justin T. Miller is an attorney and professor in San Francisco, California, and a national thought leader at BNY Mellon.

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Juvenile Products Manufacturers Association

The Juvenile Products Manufacturers Association, Inc. (JPMA) is a national trade organization that represents the juvenile industry defined as from prenatal to preschool.

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K Foundation

The K Foundation was an art foundation set up by Bill Drummond and Jimmy Cauty (The KLF) in 1993, following their 'retirement' from the music industry.

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Kakwani index

The Kakwani index is a measure of the progressivity of a social intervention, and is used by social scientists, statisticians, and economists.

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Kang Youwei

Kang Youwei (Cantonese: Hōng Yáuh-wàih; 19March 185831March 1927) was a Chinese scholar, noted calligrapher and prominent political thinker and reformer of the late Qing dynasty.

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Kangchu system

The Kangchu system was a socio-economic system of organisation and administration developed by Chinese agricultural settlers in Johor during the 19th century.

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Kansas Department of Revenue

The Kansas Department of Revenue (KDOR) is a cabinet-level department of the state government of Kansas.

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Kapital Network International

Kapital Network International is a regional network of independent accounting and consulting firms in Turkey, Eurasia and the Middle East.

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Kari S. Tikka

Kari Sulo Tikka (21 August 1944 in Lahti – 25 May 2006 in Helsinki) was a Finnish legal scholar.

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Kálmán Tisza

Kálmán Tisza de Borosjenő (archaically English: Coloman Tisza, or Koloman Tisza; December 16, 1830 – March 23, 1902) was the Hungarian prime minister between 1875 and 1890.

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Kela (Finnish institution)

Kela, abbr.

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Kelvin MacKenzie

Kelvin Calder MacKenzie (born 22 October 1946) is an English media executive and a former newspaper editor.

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Kemp Little

Kemp Little LLP is a boutique technology-focused law firm based in London.

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Ken Duncan (politician)

Kenneth Addison Duncan (born August 23, 1945) is an American Democratic lawyer from Baton Rouge, who from 1996 to 2000 served a single term as the elected Louisiana state treasurer.

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Kent Hundred Rolls

The Kent Hundred Rolls are the documentary result of a 13th-century Crown inquiry or census into the rights of the English monarchy over land and property in the Hundreds (regional sub-divisions) of the county of Kent.

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Kenyan taxation system

Kenya’s taxation system covers income tax, value-added tax, customs and excise duty.

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Kepner Income Tax

The Kepner Income Tax is an approach to taxation, suggested in the United States, that would collect on a progressive income tax (with no deductions, credits or exemptions) and an estate tax.

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Kevin Carson

Kevin Amos Carson (born 1963) is an American author, anarchist and political theorist on the topics of mutualism, individualist anarchism, left-libertarianism and freemarketism.

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Keystone Opportunity Zone

Keystone Opportunity Zones (KOZ) are specific commercial or industrial areas with greatly reduced or no tax burden for property owners, residents and businesses throughout the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

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Kiddie tax

The kiddie tax rule exists in the United States of America and can be found in, which "taxes certain unearned income of a child at the parent's marginal rate, no matter whether the child can be claimed as a dependent on the parent's return".

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Kim & Chang

Kim & Chang(金&張) is the largest and most prominent law firm in South Korea with over 1,200 professionals.

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Kimbamanduka

According to the oral history of the people living in the Dar es Salaam area, in Tanzania, Kimbamanduka was a Zaramo pazi (chief) and renowned elephant hunter who lived in the 19th century; his people was settled in the Pugu Hills area.

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Kinetic exchange models of markets

Kinetic exchange models are multi-agent dynamic models inspired by the statistical physics of energy distribution, which try to explain the robust and universal features of income/wealth distributions.

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Kingdom of Besut Darul Iman

The Kingdom of Besut Darul Iman (Kerajaan Besut Darul Iman; Jawi:كراجأن بسوت دارالايمان) was a historical Malay Kingdom located in the northeastern coast of the Malay Peninsula, precursor of the present-day Besut District and most of Setiu, Terengganu.

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Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)

According to the Hebrew Bible, the Kingdom of Israel was one of two successor states to the former United Kingdom of Israel and Judah.

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Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)

The terms Norwegian Empire,A Short History of Norway https://archive.is/mU1jM Hereditary Kingdom of Norway (Old Norse: Norégveldi, Bokmål: Norgesveldet, Nynorsk: Noregsveldet) and Norwegian Realm refer to the Kingdom of Norway's peak of power at the 13th century after a long period of civil war before 1240.

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Kinson

Kinson is a former village which has been absorbed by the town of Bournemouth in the county of Dorset in England.

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Kipper und Wipper

Kipper und Wipper (Kipper- und Wipperzeit, literally "Tipper and See-saw time") is the name given to a financial crisis during the start of the Thirty Years' War (1618–48).

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Kisha club

A, or "reporters' club", from the Japanese word, meaning reporter, is a Japanese news-gathering association of reporters from specific news organizations, whose reporting centers on a press room set up by sources such as the Prime Minister's Official Residence, government ministries, local authorities, the police, or corporate bodies.

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Kitsap Regional Library

The Kitsap Regional Library is a public library system in Kitsap County, Washington.

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Klazomenai

Klazomenai (Κλαζομεναί) or Clazomenae was an ancient Greek city on the coast of Ionia and a member of the Ionian League.

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Klepht

Klephts (Greek κλέφτης, kléftis, pl. κλέφτες, kléftes, which means "thief" and perhaps originally meant just "brigand": "Other Greeks, taking to the mountains, became unofficial, self-appointed armatoles and were known as klephts (from the Greek kleptes, "brigand").") were highwaymen turned self-appointed armatoloi, anti-Ottoman insurgents, and warlike mountain-folk who lived in the countryside when Greece was a part of the Ottoman Empire.

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Kleptocracy

Kleptocracy (from Greek κλέπτης kléptēs, "thief", κλέπτω kléptō, "I steal", and -κρατία -kratía from κράτος krátos, "power, rule") is a government with corrupt leaders (kleptocrats) that use their power to exploit the people and natural resources of their own territory in order to extend their personal wealth and political powers.

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Kokoro Library

is a manga series by Nobuyuki Takagi that was adapted into a moe anime television series directed by Koji Masunari, who is also known for being the director of the anime OVA series Read or Die and the 2005 anime series Kamichu!.

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Kraków-Podgórze Detention Centre

The Kraków-Podgórze Detention Centre (Areszt Śledczy Kraków Podgórze) is a correctional facility located at ul. Stefana Czarnieckiego 3 in Kraków, Poland, in the municipal district of Podgórze. Originally, it was a turn-of-the-century County Court and revenue service, built in 1905, from design by Ferdynand Liebling. At present, it is a community branch of Detention Centre Kraków, with main building located at ul. Montelupich 7 street. The Kraków-Podgórze Detention Centre specializes in drug-and-alcohol-addiction therapy and serves also as a temporary arrest facility. It was created in 1971 as a prison for men with the holding capacity of 207. It was made into a detention facility in 1990. There's a medical clinic and a dentist on-site. Prisoners who completed the recovery program work with mentally and physically disabled clients. During World War II, it was a Nazi German prison, a place of secret detention and torture of Polish members of the Resistance, Armia Krajowa. It is memorialized as a notorious site of martyrdom during the German occupation of Poland. The prison facility had a Gestapo station attached to it. The prison was initially incorporated within the borders of the Kraków Ghetto when that district was created by the Nazis in March 1941; however, in the redistricting of June 1942 (following mass deportations of the Ghetto population) the whole street was placed outside the confines of the Ghetto.Tadeusz Pankiewicz, Apteka w getcie krakowskim, Wydawnictwo Literackie, Kraków 2003, p. 114..

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Krönleins

Krönleins Brewery (Appeltofftska Bryggeri AB) is a Swedish brewery founded in 1836 by Anders Julius Appeltofft in Halmstad, Sweden.

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Krendang

Krendang is an administrative village (Indonesian: Kelurahan) in Tambora, West Jakarta.

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Kuban People's Republic

The Kuban People's Republic (Кубанская Народная Республика; Кубанська Народна Республiка) was an anti-Bolshevik state during the Russian Civil War, comprising the territory of the modern-day Kuban region in Russia.

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La Grange, Illinois

La Grange, a suburb of Chicago, is a village in Cook County, in the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Labour Party (Norway)

The Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet, A/Ap), formerly the Norwegian Labour Party, is a social-democratic political party in Norway.

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Lady Godiva

Godiva, Countess of Mercia (died between 1066 and 1086), in Old English Godgifu, was an English noblewoman who, according to a legend dating at least to the 13th century, rode naked – covered only in her long hair – through the streets of Coventry to gain a remission of the oppressive taxation that her husband imposed on his tenants.

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Lady Godiva in popular culture

Lady Godiva was an Anglo-Saxon noblewoman who, according to legend, rode naked through the streets of Coventry, in England, covering herself only with her long hair, in order to gain a remission of the oppressive taxation imposed by her husband on his tenants.

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Laffer curve

In economics, the Laffer curve illustrates a theoretical relationship between rates of taxation and the resulting levels of government revenue.

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Lake Powell (Virginia)

Lake Powell is an artificial pond located in James City County, Virginia.

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Lakeview High School (Ohio)

Lakeview High School in Cortland, Ohio, is the only high school in the Lakeview School District.

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Lamane Jegan Joof

Lamane Jegan Joof (English spelling in the Gambia, Lamane Djigan Diouf French spelling in Senegal, also: Ndigan Dieye Diouf, Djigan Diouf, Laman Jegaan Juuf or Jegaan Jaay Juuf in Serer language), was a Serer lamane who according to Serer tradition founded the Serer village of Tukar now part of present-day Senegal.

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Lamdan

Lamdan (Hebrew: למדן) is a late Hebrew expression for a man who is well informed in rabbinical literature, although not a scholar in the technical sense of the term ("talmid hakham"); it does not seem to have been used before the 18th century.

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Lanark

Lanark (Lannraig, Lanrik) is a small town in the central belt of Scotland.

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Land Bank of the Philippines

Land Bank of the Philippines (Filipino: Bangko sa Lupa ng Pilipinas, Spanish: Banco Hipotecario de Filipinas), stylized as LANDBANK or also known by its initials, LBP, is a universal bank in the Philippines owned by the Philippine government with a special focus on serving the needs of farmers and fishermen.

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Land transport

Land transport is the transport or movement of people, animals, and goods from one location to another on land.

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Landfill tax

A landfill tax or levy is a form of tax that is applied in some countries to increase the cost of landfill.

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LaPorte CPAs and Business Advisors

LaPorte CPAs and Business Advisors is an accounting and business advisory firm based in New Orleans, USA.

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Lapp Codicil of 1751

Lapp Codicil of 1751 is an addendum to the Stromstad Treaty of 1751 that defined the Norwegian-Swedish border.

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Large Brother, Where Fart Thou?

"Large Brother, Where Fart Thou?" is the fifth episode of the seventh season of the American animated comedy series Bob's Burgers and the 112th episode overall.

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Lauchlin Currie

Lauchlin Bernard Currie (October 8, 1902 – December 23, 1993) was a Canadian-born economist.

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Laura Räty

Laura Kaarina Räty (born 14 September 1977) is a Finnish politician, former Minister of Social Affairs and Health and a business director at the Finnish private hospital corporate group Terveystalo.

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Law and Business Review of the Americas

The Law and Business Review of the Americas is an interdisciplinary law review.

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Law enforcement agency

A law enforcement agency (LEA), in North American English, is a government agency responsible for the enforcement of the laws.

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Law enforcement in South Korea

South Korea has a relatively unified and integrated approach to law enforcement.

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Law of the British Virgin Islands

The law of the British Virgin Islands is a combination of common law and statute, and is based heavily upon English law.

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Law of value

The law of value (German: Wertgesetz) is a central concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy, first expounded in his polemic The Poverty of Philosophy (1847) against Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, with reference to David Ricardo's economics.

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Lawrence Memorial Library

The Lawrence Memorial Library is a public library located in Bristol, Vermont.

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Layla bint al-Minhal

Layla bint al-Minhal (also Laila) (ليلى بنت المنهال) was a sahabia (female companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad) and the wife of Malik ibn Nuwayra.

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Léon Say

Jean-Baptiste-Léon Say (6 June 1826, Paris – 21 April 1896, Paris) was a French statesman and diplomat.

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Löwenbräu Brewery

Löwenbräu is a brewery in Munich owned by Anheuser-Busch InBev.

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Lúrio University

Lúrio University (Portuguese: Universidade Lúrio), also known as UniLúrio, is a public university in Nampula Province, Mozambique.

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Le Grand Macabre

Le Grand Macabre (1974–77, revised version 1996) is the only opera by Hungarian composer György Ligeti.

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Le Loup blanc

Le Loup blanc (The White Wolf) is a French historical novel by Paul Féval, père, first published in France in 1843.

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League Against Cruel Sports

The League Against Cruel Sports is an animal welfare charity that campaigns against sports such as bullfighting, fox hunting and hare coursing.

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Lean Government

Lean Government refers to the application of lean production (also known as "Lean") principles and methods to both identify and then implement the most efficient, value added way to provide government services.

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LECOP

The LECOP was a bond issued by Argentine national government.

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Left-libertarianism

Left-libertarianism (or left-wing libertarianism) names several related, but distinct approaches to political and social theory which stress both individual freedom and social equality.

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Legal drug trade

Legal drug trade, as with other goods object of commerce, in opposition to smuggling or ''illegal'' drug trade, most psychotropic substances' commerce is under control and taxation by world governments, regardless of the relative perceived danger of the goods that are the object of legislation.

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Legal fiction

A legal fiction is a fact assumed or created by courts which is then used in order to help reach a decision or to apply a legal rule.

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Legal liability

In law, liable means "esponsible or answerable in law; legally obligated." Legal liability concerns both civil law and criminal law and can arise from various areas of law, such as contracts, torts, taxes, or fines given by government agencies.

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Legal professional privilege in England and Wales

In England and Wales, the principle of legal professional privilege has long been recognised by the common law.

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Legislative chamber

A legislative chamber or house is a deliberative assembly within a legislature which generally meets and votes separately from the legislature's other chambers.

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Lehigh Line (Norfolk Southern)

The Lehigh Line is a railroad line in central New Jersey and northeastern Pennsylvania.

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Leonard Peikoff

Leonard Sylvan Peikoff (born October 15, 1933) is a Canadian-American philosopher.

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Leutasch Gorge

The Leutasch Gorge (Leutaschklamm or Leutascher Geisterklamm) is a gorge near Mittenwald and Unterleutasch in the Bavarian-Tyrolean border area through which the Leutascher Ache river flows.

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Levi Todd

Levi Todd (October 4, 1756 – September 6, 1807) was an 18th-century American pioneer who, with his brothers John and Robert Todd, helped found present-day Lexington, Kentucky and were leading prominent landowners and statesmen in the state of Kentucky prior to its admission into the United States in 1792.

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Levy

Levy, Lévy or Levies may refer to.

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LGBT rights in Greece

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights in Greece have evolved significantly over the last years, establishing it as one of the most liberal countries in Southeast Europe.

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Liability (financial accounting)

In financial accounting, a liability is defined as the future sacrifices of economic benefits that the entity is obliged to make to other entities as a result of past transactions or other past events, the settlement of which may result in the transfer or use of assets, provision of services or other yielding of economic benefits in the future.

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Liberal Democratic Party (Australia)

The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP or Liberal Democrats) is an Australian political party founded in Canberra in 2001.

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Liberalism

Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty and equality.

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Library of Congress Classification:Class H -- Social sciences

Class H: Social Sciences is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system.

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Licht ins Dunkel

Licht ins Dunkel (German for "light into the dark") is an annual telethon held in Austria since 1973.

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Lien

A lien is a form of security interest granted over an item of property to secure the payment of a debt or performance of some other obligation.

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Life annuity

A life annuity is an annuity, or series of payments at fixed intervals, paid while the purchaser (or annuitant) is alive.

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Light car

The term light car is used in Great Britain since the early part of the 20th century for an automobile less than 1.5 litres (or about 90 cubic inches) engine capacity.

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Lighthouse of Genoa

The Lighthouse of Genoa (Italian: faro di Genova, but simply called Lanterna), is the main lighthouse for the city's port.

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Like-kind exchange

A like-kind exchange under United States tax law, also known as a 1031 exchange, is a transaction or series of transactions that allows for the disposal of an asset and the acquisition of another replacement asset without generating a current tax liability from the sale of the first asset.

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Lindahl tax

A Lindahl tax is a form of taxation conceived by Erik Lindahl in which individuals pay for public goods according to their marginal benefits.

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Linguistic boundary of Brittany

The language boundary in Brittany is the language border between the part of Brittany where Breton (a Celtic language) is spoken and the area in Brittany where Gallo (a Romance language) is spoken.

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Lisa Marriott

Lisa Marriott is a New Zealand accounting academic.

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List of basic income models

A basic income is a form of social security in which all citizens or residents of a country receive a regular, unconditional sum of money, either from a government or from some other public institution, independent of any other income.

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List of Black Books episodes

Black Books, an English sitcom television series created by Dylan Moran and Graham Linehan, premiered on 29 September 2000 on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and ended on 15 April 2004.

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List of companies of Ireland

This is a list of notable companies based in Ireland, or subsidiaries according to their sector.

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List of Constitutional Court of Spain rulings against Catalan Parliament Laws

This is a list of rulings from the Constitutional Court of Spain against laws from the Parliament of Catalonia.

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List of Desert Island Discs episodes (1951–60)

The BBC Radio 4 programme Desert Island Discs invites castaways to choose eight pieces of music, a book (in addition to the Bible - or a religious text appropriate to that person's beliefs - and the Complete Works of Shakespeare) and a luxury item that they would take to an imaginary desert island, where they will be marooned indefinitely.

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List of duty-free shops

This is a list of duty-free shops.

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List of European Commission portfolios

A portfolio in the European Commission is an area of responsibility assigned to a European Commissioner, usually connected to one or several Directorates-General (DGs).

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List of food riots

Food riots may occur when there is a shortage or unequal distribution of food.

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List of Japanese inventions and discoveries

This is a list of Japanese inventions and discoveries.

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List of MeSH codes (N03)

The following is a list of the "N" codes for MeSH.

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List of most expensive cities for expatriate employees

These are lists of the world's most expensive cities for expatriate employees (not residents), according to the Mercer, ECA International and Xpatulator.com cost-of-living surveys.

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List of MPs elected to the English parliament in 1614

This is a list of Members of Parliament (MPs) elected to the 2nd parliament in the reign of King James I in 1614, known as the Addled Parliament.

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List of New York University alumni

New York University (NYU) is one of the world's premier residential research and teaching institutions.

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List of Non-Summit episodes (2017)

Non-Summit (Korean: 비정상회담) is a South Korean talk-variety show, part of JTBC's Monday night lineup.

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List of Pearls Before Swine characters

This is a partial list of major and secondary characters in the comic strip ''Pearls Before Swine'' by Stephan Pastis.

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List of philanthropists

A philanthropist is someone who engages in philanthropy; that is, someone who donates his or her time, money, and/or reputation to charitable causes.

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List of positions filled by presidential appointment with Senate confirmation

Under the Appointments Clause of the United States Constitution and law of the United States, certain federal positions appointed by the president of the United States require confirmation (advice and consent) of the United States Senate.

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List of Rees's Cyclopædia articles

The Cyclopædia; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature is an important 19th century British encyclopædia edited by Rev.

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List of Richard the Lionheart episodes

The following is a list of episodes of Richard the Lionheart, a family television show based loosely on the life of Richard I which aired between 1962 and 1963.

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List of roads in Windsor, Ontario

The road network in Windsor, Ontario is a grid system with elongated blocks, generally aligned with the Detroit River, with East-West roads running parallel to it, and North-South streets running perpendicular (90 Degrees) to it.

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List of Schoolhouse Rock! episodes

The following is a list of the 64 episodes of the Schoolhouse Rock! series.

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List of settlements lost to floods in the Netherlands

This list of settlements lost to floods in the Netherlands is an adapted translation of from Dutch, plus some additions from other sources.

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List of taxes

This page, a companion page to tax, lists different taxes by economic design.

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List of The Colbert Report episodes (2009)

This is a list of episodes for The Colbert Report in 2009.

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List of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre characters

The Sawyers (renamed the Hewitts in the 2003 reboot and its 2006 prequel) are a large, Southern American family of cannibalistic butchers and serial killers in ''The Texas Chainsaw Massacre'' franchise, who live in the Texas backwoods, where they abduct, torture, murder, and eat stranded motorists.

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List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Rehnquist Court

This is a partial chronological list of cases decided by the United States Supreme Court during the Rehnquist Court, the tenure of Chief Justice William Rehnquist from September 26, 1986 through September 3, 2005.

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List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Roberts Court

This is a partial chronological list of cases decided by the United States Supreme Court during the Roberts Court, the tenure of Chief Justice John Roberts from September 29, 2005 to the present.

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List of Washington initiatives to the legislature

This is a list of all initiatives to the Washington State Legislature from 1914 to 2004 that gathered enough signatures to come under consideration, listed by number, subject, and result.

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List of Washington initiatives to the people

This is a list of all initiatives to the people that have appeared before Washington voters from 1914 to 2009, listed by number, subject, and result.

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List of white nationalist organizations

The following is the list of well-known white nationalist organizations, groups and related media: White nationalism is a political ideology which advocates a racial definition of national identity for white people; some white nationalists advocate a separate all-white nation state.

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Litovoi

Litovoi, also Litvoy, was a Vlach/Romanian voivode in the 13th century whose territory comprised northern Oltenia (Romania).

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Little Book of Common Sense Investing

The Little Book of Common Sense Investing: The Only Way to Guarantee Your Fair Share of Stock Market Returns is a 2007 and 2017 book on index investing, by John C. Bogle, the founder and former CEO of the Vanguard Group.

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Little Theatre Guild of Great Britain

The Little Theatre Guild of Great Britain (LTG) is an Umbrella organisation promoting and supporting independent amateur theatre companies which have control over their own premises and produce drama of a high quality for the benefit of their communities.

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Livigno

Livigno (Livigno, local Livígn, Luwin) is a town and comune in the province of Sondrio, in the region of Lombardy, Italy, located in the Italian Alps, near the Swiss border.

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Local Government Finance in Kerala

Local governments in Kerala enjoy very stable sources of revenue compared to their counterparts in the country.

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Local government in California

California has an extensive and complicated system of local government that manages public functions throughout the state.

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Local government in England

The pattern of local government in England is complex, with the distribution of functions varying according to the local arrangements.

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Local government in Kraków

Each president of the city of Kraków (known as the Mayor) fulfills his duties with the help of the City Council, city managers and the city inspectors.

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Local Service District (Newfoundland and Labrador)

A local service district (LSD) is a unit of local governance in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador found outside the boundaries of municipalities (towns or cities).

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Localgiving

Localgiving is a membership network and online fundraising platform dedicated to supporting local charities and community groups in the UK.

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Logothete

Logothete (λογοθέτης, logothétēs, pl. λογοθέται, logothétai; Med. logotheta, pl. logothetae; логотет; logoteta; logofăt; логотет, logotet) was an administrative title originating in the eastern Roman Empire.

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Logothetes tou genikou

The logothetēs tou genikou (λογοθέτης τοῦ γενικοῦ), often called genikos logothetēs or simply ho genikos (Greek: ὁ γενικός), and usually rendered in English as the General Logothete, was in charge of the "general financial ministry", the genikon logothesion of the middle Byzantine Empire.

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Lope de Barrientos

Lope de Barrientos (1382–1469), sometimes called Obispo Barrientos ("Bishop Barrientos"), was a powerful clergyman and statesman of the Crown of Castile during the 15th century, although his prominence and the influence he wielded during his lifetime is not a subject of common study in Spanish history.

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Lord Monarch

is a real-time strategy war game by Nihon Falcom.

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Los Angeles County Department of Public Health

The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (DPH) provides public health services to Los Angeles County residents.

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Lottery

A lottery is a form of gambling that involves the drawing of numbers for a prize.

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Louis A. Arnold

Louis A. Arnold (July 13, 1872 – ?) was an American schoolteacher, HVAC worker and Socialist from Milwaukee who served two terms (1915–1922) as a member of the Wisconsin State Senate representing the Milwaukee-based 7th Senate district.

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Louis-Sébastien Mercier

Louis-Sébastien Mercier (6 June 1740 – 25 April 1814) was a French dramatist and writer.

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Louisa Frederici

Louisa Maud Frederici (1843–1921) was the wife of William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody.

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Lubin School of Business

The Joseph I. Lubin School of Business is the business school of Pace University.

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Luigi Pasinetti

Luigi L. Pasinetti (born September 12, 1930) is an Italian economist of the post-Keynesian school.

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Luke 2

Luke 2 is the second chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament.

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Lump-sum tax

A lump-sum tax is a tax that is a fixed amount, no matter the change in circumstance of the taxed entity.

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Luxury tax

A luxury tax is a tax on luxury goods: products not considered essential.

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Macroeconomic policy instruments

Macroeconomic policy instruments refer to macroeconomic quantities that can be directly controlled by an economic policy maker.

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Macroeconomics

Macroeconomics (from the Greek prefix makro- meaning "large" and economics) is a branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole.

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Magdeburg Cathedral

Magdeburg Cathedral (Magdeburger Dom), officially called the Cathedral of Saints Catherine and Maurice (Dom zu Magdeburg St.), is a Protestant cathedral in Germany and the oldest Gothic cathedral in the country.

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Maggie Kuhn

Maggie Kuhn (August 3, 1905 – April 22, 1995) was an American activist known for founding the Gray Panthers movement, after she was forced to retire from her job at the then-mandatory retirement age of 65.

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Maharashtra

Maharashtra (abbr. MH) is a state in the western region of India and is India's second-most populous state and third-largest state by area.

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Maine Liquor Licensing and Compliance Division

The Liquor Licensing and Compliance Division is a division of the Maine State Police, responsible for licensing the manufacture, importation, storage, transportation and sale of all liquor.

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Majapahit

The Majapahit Empire (Javanese: ꦏꦫꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀ Karaton Majapahit, Kerajaan Majapahit) was a thalassocracy in Southeast Asia, based on the island of Java (part of modern-day Indonesia), that existed from 1293 to circa 1500.

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Makhzen

Makhzen (Moroccan Arabic: لمخزن, Berber: Elmexzen / Eřmexzen) is the governing institution in Morocco and in pre-1957 Tunisia, centered on the king and consisting of royal notables, top-ranking military personnel, landowners, security service bosses, civil servants and other well-connected members of the establishment.

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Malik ibn Nuwayrah

Malik ibn Nuwaira (مالك بن نويرة), also spelled as Malik ibn Nuwera, was a chief of the Bani Yarbu', a large section of the powerful tribe of Bani Tamim which inhabited the north-eastern region of Arabia, between Bahrain and Najd.

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Mallard Fillmore

Mallard Fillmore is a comic strip written and illustrated by Bruce Tinsley that has been syndicated by King Features Syndicate since June 6, 1994.

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Maltese wine

Wine production in Malta dates back over two thousand years to the time of the Phoenicians.

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Malvern Hills

The Malvern Hills are a range of hills in the English counties of Worcestershire, Herefordshire and a small area of northern Gloucestershire, dominating the surrounding countryside and the towns and villages of the district of Malvern.

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Malvern Hills Conservators

The Malvern Hills Conservators are a body corporate responsible for the care and management of the Malvern Hills and Commons.

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Mammes of Caesarea

Saint Mammes (Mamas, Mammas, Mammet) of Caesarea (Μάμας; Mammès; Mamante; Mamés; São Mamede) is a child-martyr of the 3rd century.

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Managerial state

Managerial state is a concept used in critiquing modern social democracy in Western countries.

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Managing Urban America

Managing Urban America (first published in 1979) is a book that provides an academic overview and introduction to local urban planning and management in the United States, written by David R. Morgan, Robert E. England and John Peter Pelissero.

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Manchuria under Ming rule

Manchuria under Ming rule refers to the domination of the Ming dynasty over Manchuria, including today's Northeast China and Outer Manchuria.

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Mancur Olson

Mancur Lloyd Olson Jr. (or; January 22, 1932 – February 19, 1998) was an American economist and social scientist who taught economics at the University of Maryland, College Park.

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Mannheim Business School

Mannheim Business School (MBS) is the umbrella organization for management education at the University of Mannheim.

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Mantal

Mantal has been an official measure of land in Finland and in Sweden.

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Manuela Schwesig

Manuela Schwesig (born 23 May 1974) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party serving as the fifth Minister‐President of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern since 4 July 2017.

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Manuscript culture

Manuscript culture uses manuscripts to store and disseminate information; in the West, it generally preceded the age of printing.

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Manx law

The legal system on the Isle of Man is Manx customary law, a form of common law.

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Mar del Plata style

The Mar del Plata style (Estilo Mar del Plata, chalet Mar del Plata or chalet marplatense) is a domestic architectural style very popular during the decades between 1935 and 1950 mainly in the Argentine resort city of Mar del Plata, but extended to other coastal towns like Miramar and Necochea.

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Marang District

The Marang District is a coastal district in Terengganu, Malaysia.

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Marc J. Lane

Marc J. Lane (born 30 August 1946) is a business, trust, estate, and tax attorney, Master Registered Financial Planner, Registered Financial Counselor, and Certified Investment Specialist.

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Margaret Levi

Margaret Levi (born 1947) is an American political scientist and author, noted for her work in comparative political economy, labor politics, and democratic theory, notably on the origins and effects of trustworthy government.

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Marital deduction

Marital deduction is a type of tax law that allows a person to give assets to his or her spouse with reduced or no tax imposed upon the transfer.

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Mark M. Noble

Mark Michael Noble (born July 3, 1976) is a computer engineer and Libertarian Party politician in Ohio.

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Market (economics)

A market is one of the many varieties of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations and infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange.

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Market distortion

In neoclassical economics, a market distortion is any event in which a market reaches a market clearing price for an item that is substantially different from the price that a market would achieve while operating under conditions of perfect competition and state enforcement of legal contracts and the ownership of private property.

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Market environment

The business environment is a marketing term and refers to factors and forces that affect a firm's ability to build and maintain successful customer relationships.

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Market governance mechanism

Market governance mechanisms (MGMs) are formal, or informal rules, that have been consciously designed to change the behaviour of various economic actors.

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Market-based environmental policy instruments

In environmental law and policy, market-based instruments (MBIs) are policy instruments that use markets, price, and other economic variables to provide incentives for polluters to reduce or eliminate negative environmental externalities.

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Marketplace Fairness Act

The Marketplace Fairness Act is proposed legislation pending in the United States Congress that would enable state governments to collect sales taxes and use taxes from remote retailers with no physical presence in their state.

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Marretje Arents

Marretje Arents (c. 1712–28 June 1748 Amsterdam), known as Mat van den Nieuwendijk, and het limoenwijf (i.e. the limewoman), was a Dutch fishwife and rebellion leader, sentenced to death as one of the three instigators and leaders responsible for the so-called Pachter riots of 1748.

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Marta Suplicy

Marta Teresa Smith de Vasconcelos Suplicy (born March 18, 1945) is a Brazilian politician and psychologist.

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Mass society

Mass society is any society of the modern era that possesses a mass culture and large-scale, impersonal, social institutions.

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Massachusetts business trust

A Massachusetts Business Trust (MBT) is a legal trust set up for the purposes of business, but not necessarily one that is operated in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

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Massachusetts General Court

The Massachusetts General Court (formally styled the General Court of Massachusetts) is the state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

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Massachusetts Tobacco Cessation and Prevention Program

The Massachusetts Tobacco Cessation and Prevention Program (MTCP) is an anti-tobacco program run by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health with the goal of decreasing tobacco prevalence in the state of Massachusetts.

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Master limited partnership

In the United States, a master limited partnership (MLP) is a limited partnership that is publicly traded, also known as a publicly traded partnership.

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Masters of Business Taxation

Masters of Business Taxation (MBT) is a higher degree in taxation given by universities in the United States.

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Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections

The Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections is a mathematical text written by Chinese Southern Song dynasty mathematician Qin Jiushao in the year 1247.

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Matt Kisber

Matthew Harris "Matt" Kisber (born January 31, 1960) is a businessman and Democratic politician in the U.S. state of Tennessee who served ten two-year terms in the Tennessee House of Representatives and was Commissioner of the Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development during the governorship of Phil Bredesen.

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Mauritius Revenue Authority

The Mauritius Revenue Authority (MRA) is a parastatal organisation in Mauritius, it is the Revenue Authority of the Mauritian Government and operate under the aegis of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development.

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Maximum wage

A maximum wage, also often called a wage ceiling, is a legal limit on how much income an individual can earn.

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Mazars

Mazars is a global audit, accounting and consulting group employing more than 20,000 professionals in 86 countries through member firms.

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McCook, Illinois

McCook is a suburb of Chicago in Cook County, in the U.S. state of Illinois.

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McCrone report

The McCrone report is a document on the Scottish economy written and researched in 1974 on behalf of the British Government.

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Meat tax

A meat tax is a tax levied on the carbon emissions of meat and/or other animal products.

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Media (communication)

Media are the collective communication outlets or tools used to store and deliver information or data.

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Medieval Serbian coinage

The first mention of a "Serbian dinar" dates back to the reign of Stefan Nemanjić in 1214.

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Medimnos

A medimnos (μέδιμνος, médimnos, plural μέδιμνοι,médimnoi) was an Ancient Greek unit of volume, which was generally used to measure dry food grain.

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Merchants of the Staple

The Company of Merchants of the Staple of England, the Merchants of the Staple, also known as the Merchant Staplers, is an English company incorporated by Royal Charter in 1319 (and so the oldest mercantile corporation in England) dealing in wool, skins, lead and tin which controlled the export of wool to the continent during the late medieval period.

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Merdiban

Merdiban was an accounting method used by the Ottoman empire, Abbasid empire, and Ilkhanate; especially for recording tax payments and liabilities.

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Mergers and acquisitions

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations, or their operating units are transferred or consolidated with other entities.

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Merovingian dynasty

The Merovingians were a Salian Frankish dynasty that ruled the Franks for nearly 300 years in a region known as Francia in Latin, beginning in the middle of the 5th century.

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Metayage

The Metayage system (métayage, aparcería, mezzadria) is the cultivation of land for a proprietor by one who receives a proportion of the produce, as a kind of sharecropping.

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Metic

In ancient Greece, a metic (Ancient Greek: μέτοικος, métoikos: from μετά, metá, indicating change, and οἶκος, oîkos "dwelling") was a foreign resident of Athens, one who did not have citizen rights in their Greek city-state (polis) of residence.

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Michał Kalecki

Michał Kalecki (22 June 1899 – 18 April 1970) was a Polish economist.

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Michael Airfield

Michael Airfield is a public airport located on 34 acres just northwest of the central business district of Cicero, New York, United States.

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Michael Geoghegan

Michael Francis Geoghegan CBE (born 4 October 1953) is an international banking business executive, who served as the chief executive (CEO) of HSBC from 26 March 2006 to 31 December 2010.

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Michael Johnson (Wisconsin politician)

Michael Johnson (January 4, 1832 - 1908) was an American farmer from Springdale, Wisconsin who served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Dane County, as well as holding various local offices.

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Michele Sindona

Michele Sindona (May 8, 1920 – March 22, 1986) was an Italian banker and convicted felon.

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Micheline Charest

Micheline Charest (March 16, 1953 – April 14, 2004) was a television producer and founder (and former co-chair) of the Cinar (later Cookie Jar Entertainment and now DHX Media) television company.

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Microcar

A microcar is the smallest automobile classification, usually applied to very small cars (smaller than city cars).

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Microeconomics

Microeconomics (from Greek prefix mikro- meaning "small") is a branch of economics that studies the behavior of individuals and firms in making decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources and the interactions among these individuals and firms.

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Mid-Continent Public Library

Mid-Continent Public Library, officially known as Consolidated Library District #3, is a consolidated public library system serving Clay, Platte, and Jackson Counties in Missouri, with headquarters in Independence, Missouri.

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Middlesex-London EMS

Middlesex-London Paramedic Service is the statutory Emergency medical services provider for Middlesex County, and London, Ontario.

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Mihai Racoviță

Mihai or Mihail Racoviță (died July 1744) was a Prince of Moldavia on three separate occasions (September 1703 – February 23, 1705; July 31, 1707 – October 28, 1709; January 5, 1716 – October 1726) and Prince of Wallachia on two occasions (between October 1730 and October 2, 1731, and from September 1741 until his death).

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Mika Hannula

Mika Stefan Hannula (born April 2, 1979) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey player.

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Mike Rotunda

Lawrence Michael Rotunda (born March 30, 1958) is an American retired professional wrestler.

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Mike Sodrel

Michael E. "Mike" Sodrel (born December 17, 1945) served as the United States Representative from the Ninth Congressional district of Indiana, representing the Republican Party for one term from 2005 to 2007.

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Mildred Scheel

Mildred Scheel (31 December 1931 in Cologne as Mildred Wirtz – 13 May 1985 in Cologne) was a German physician, the second wife of the German President of the Federal Republic Walter Scheel and the founder of the German Cancer Aid.

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Milestone fee

In contracts, research and development, research administration, and project management, milestone fees are fees for the development of a deliverable to be completed under the applicable statement of work.

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Military conquests of the Ming dynasty

The military conquests of the Ming dynasty were instrumental to the dynasty's hold on power during the early Ming.

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Military history of Libya

The military history of Libya covers the period from the ancient era to the modern age.

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Military Police of Minas Gerais State

The Polícia Militar de Minas Gerais (PMMG) (Minas Gerais Military Police) is a military law-enforcement organization in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

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Military sociology

Military sociology aims toward the systematic study of the military as a social group rather than as a Military organization.

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Miller Thomson

Miller Thomson LLP is a full-service national law firm established in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1957.

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Milton Friedman

Milton Friedman (July 31, 1912 – November 16, 2006) was an American economist who received the 1976 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his research on consumption analysis, monetary history and theory, and the complexity of stabilization policy.

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Mineral tax

A mineral tax is any tax, excise or other government-imposed fee on mineral resources, such as crude oil or ores.

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Ming Great Wall

The Ming Great Wall (明長城; Ming changcheng), built by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), forms the most visible parts of the Great Wall of China today.

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Minister of Customs and Inland Revenue (Canada)

The position of Minister of Customs and Inland Revenue was a Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet responsible for the collection of taxes and duties and created in 1918 by combining the former positions of Minister of Inland Revenue and Minister of Customs.

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Minister of Inland Revenue

The Minister of Inland Revenue is the political office of Minister for the department of Inland Revenue which is responsible for the collection of taxes.

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Minister of National Revenue (Canada)

The Minister of National Revenue (Ministre du Revenu national) is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for the Canada Revenue Agency and the administration of taxation law and collection.

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Ministry of Finance (Afghanistan)

The Ministry of Finance of Afghanistan is responsible for the implementation and execution of the budget, collection of taxes, organization, and control of public expenses in Afghanistan; it also controls the management of the Custom Affairs.

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Ministry of Finance (Austria)

The Ministry of Finance (Bundesministerium für Finanzen, abbreviated BMF or Finanzministerium) is the cabinet-level finance ministry of the Austrian Federal Government.

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Ministry of Finance (Bangladesh)

The Ministry of Finance (অর্থ মন্ত্রণালয়; Artho Montronaloya) is a ministry of Bangladesh.

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Ministry of Finance (India)

The Ministry of Finance is an important ministry within the Government of India concerned with the economy of India, serving as the Indian Treasury Department.

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Ministry of Finance (Norway)

The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Finance (Norwegian: Finansdepartementet) is a Norwegian ministry established in 1814.

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Ministry of Finance (Poland)

Poland's Ministry of Finance (Ministerstwo Finansów), headed by the Minister of Finance (Minister Finansów), is part of the government of Poland.

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Ministry of Finance (Soviet Union)

The Ministry of Finance of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (Министерство финансов СССР), formed on 15 March 1946, was one of the most important government offices in the Soviet Union.

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Ministry of Finance (Sweden)

The Ministry of Finance (Finansdepartementet) is a Swedish government ministry responsible for matters relating to economic policy, the central government budget, taxes, banking, security and insurance, international economic work, central, regional and local government.

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Ministry of Finance (Thailand)

The Ministry of Finance (กระทรวงการคลัง;; abbreviated as MOF) is a cabinet ministry in the Government of Thailand.

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Ministry of Finance (UAE)

The UAE Ministry of Finance (MoFUAE) was established shortly after the union of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in 1971, as a federal government entity.

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Ministry of Finance and Economy (Albania)

The Ministry of Finance and Economy (Ministria e Financave dhe Ekonomisë) is a department ministry of the Albanian Government, responsible for matters relating to economic policy, the central government budget, taxes, banking, security and insurance, international economic work, central, regional and local government.

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Minnesota Society of Certified Public Accountants

The Minnesota Society of Certified Public Accountants (MNCPA) is a professional association for certified public accountants (CPAs) in Minnesota.

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Misclassification of employees as independent contractors

Misclassification of employees as independent contractors in the United States can occur with respect to tax treatment or the Fair Labor Standards Act.

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Missouri wine

Missouri Wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of Missouri.

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Mitchell & Titus

Mitchell & Titus, LLP is a former member firm of Ernst & Young Global Limited and the largest minority-owned accounting firm in the United States.

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Mitchell Baker

Winifred Mitchell Baker (born 1959) is the Executive Chairwoman of the Mozilla Foundation and of Mozilla Corporation, a subsidiary of the Mozilla Foundation that coordinates development of the open source Mozilla Internet applications, including the Mozilla Firefox web browser and the Mozilla Thunderbird email client.

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Mitchell Township, Davison County, South Dakota

Mitchell Township is a former township in Davison County, South Dakota, United States, now primarily overlaid by the city of Mitchell.

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Mizo Union

Mizo Union (6 April 1946 – 12 January 1974) was the first political party in Mizoram, northeast India.

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Moïse Katumbi

Moïse Katumbi Chapwe (born 28 December 1964) is a Congolese politician and businessman.

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Mobile source air pollution

Mobile source air pollution includes any air pollution emitted by motor vehicles, airplanes, locomotives, and other engines and equipment that can be moved from one location to another.

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Mobility car

Mobility Car Is a vehicle issued to a disabled person, to allow them to travel without burden of their disability.

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Model audit

A model audit is the colloquial term for the tasks performed when conducting due diligence on a financial model, in order to eliminate spreadsheet error.

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Moderate Party

The Moderate Party (Moderata samlingspartiet, M: "Moderate Unity Party", commonly referred to in Swedish as Moderaterna: "Moderates") is a liberal-conservative political party in Sweden.

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Moderate Youth League

The Moderate Youth League (Moderata ungdomsförbundet, MUF), officially known in English as the Swedish Young Conservatives, is the youth wing of the Swedish Moderate Party.

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Modern history

Modern history, the modern period or the modern era, is the linear, global, historiographical approach to the time frame after post-classical history.

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Modern Monetary Theory

Modern Monetary Theory (MMT or Modern Money Theory) is a macroeconomic theory that describes and analyses modern economies in which the national currency is fiat money, established and created by a sovereign government.

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Modigliani–Miller theorem

The Modigliani–Miller theorem (of Franco Modigliani, Merton Miller) is an influential element of economic theory; it forms the basis for modern thinking on capital structure.

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Mohammed Alim Khan

Emir Said Mir Mohammed Alim Khan (Said Mir Muhammad Olimxon, 3 January 1880 – 28 April 1944) was the last emir representative of the Uzbek Manghit Dynasty, the last ruling dynasty of the Emirate of Bukhara in Central Asia.

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Molasses Act

The Molasses Act of March 1733 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (citation 6 Geo II. c. 13), which imposed a tax of six pence per gallon on imports of molasses from non-English colonies.

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Monarchy of the Netherlands

The monarchy of the Netherlands is constitutional and as such, the role and position of the monarch are defined and limited by the Constitution of the Netherlands.

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Monark Equipment Corporation

Monark Equipment Corporation is a family-owned Filipino corporation, and is a dealer and importer of heavy equipment and generator sets.

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Monetary policy

Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country, typically the central bank or currency board, controls either the cost of very short-term borrowing or the monetary base, often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency.

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Money bill

In the Westminster system (and, colloquially, in the United States), a money bill or supply bill is a bill that solely concerns taxation or government spending (also known as appropriation of money), as opposed to changes in public law.

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Money Observer

Money Observer is a British monthly personal finance and investment magazine published by Moneywise Publishing, a subsidiary of Interactive Investor.

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Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire (Mongolian: Mongolyn Ezent Güren; Mongolian Cyrillic: Монголын эзэнт гүрэн;; also Орда ("Horde") in Russian chronicles) existed during the 13th and 14th centuries and was the largest contiguous land empire in history.

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Mongolia under Qing rule

Mongolia under Qing rule was the rule of the Qing dynasty of China over the Mongolian steppe, including the Outer Mongolian 4 aimags and Inner Mongolian 6 leagues from the 17th century to the end of the dynasty.

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MONIAC

The MONIAC (Monetary National Income Analogue Computer) also known as the Phillips Hydraulic Computer and the Financephalograph, was created in 1949 by the New Zealand economist Bill Phillips (William Phillips) to model the national economic processes of the United Kingdom, while Phillips was a student at the London School of Economics (LSE).

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Monopoly

A monopoly (from Greek μόνος mónos and πωλεῖν pōleîn) exists when a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity.

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Montargull (Artesa de Segre)

Montargull is a scattered village aggregated to the municipality of Artesa de Segre, at La Noguera county, in Catalonia, Spain.

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Monthon

Monthon (มณฑล) were administrative subdivisions of Thailand at the beginning of the 20th century.

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Morison KSi

Morison KSi (previously Morison International & KS International) is a global association of professional service firms (accounting, auditing, tax and business consulting).

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Moritz Becker

Moritz Nathan Becker (February 2, 1827 - ?) was an American produce dealer from Milwaukee, Wisconsin who served as a self-proclaimed "Progressive Democratic", then "Liberal Democratic", member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

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Morphou

Morphou (Μόρφου; Omorfo or Güzelyurt) is a town in the northwestern part of Cyprus, under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus.

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Mortgage life insurance

Mortgage life insurance is a form of insurance specifically designed to protect a repayment mortgage.

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Mortgage servicer

A mortgage servicer is a company to which some borrowers pay their mortgage loan payments and which performs other services in connection with mortgages and mortgage-backed securities.

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Mortgage underwriting in the United States

Mortgage underwriting in the United States is the process a lender uses to determine if the risk of offering a mortgage loan to a particular borrower under certain parameters is acceptable.

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Moscow uprising of 1648

The Moscow uprising of 1648 (Russian: Соляной бунт, Московское восстание 1648), sometimes known as the salt riot, started because of the government's replacement of different taxes with a universal salt tax for the purpose of replenishing the state treasury after the Time of Troubles.

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Motoring taxation in the United Kingdom

Motoring taxation in the United Kingdom consists primarily of vehicle excise duty (commonly known as VED, vehicle tax, car tax, and road tax), which is levied on vehicles registered in the UK and hydrocarbon oil duty (normally referred to as fuel tax) which is levied on the fuel used by motor vehicles.

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Mountsorrel

Mountsorrel is a village in Leicestershire on the River Soar, just south of Loughborough with a population in 2001 of 6,662 inhabitants, increasing to 8,223 at the 2011 census.

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Mozambique Company

The Mozambique Company (Portuguese: Companhia de Moçambique) was a royal company operating in Portuguese Mozambique that had the concession of the lands in the Portuguese colony corresponding to the present provinces of Manica and Sofala in central Mozambique.

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Mozilla Corporation

The Mozilla Corporation (stylized as moz://a) is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Mozilla Foundation that coordinates and integrates the development of Internet-related applications such as the Firefox web browser, SeaMonkey Internet suite, and the Mozilla Thunderbird email client by a global community of open-source developers, some of whom are employed by the corporation itself.

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Mozilla Foundation

The Mozilla Foundation (stylized as moz://a) is a non-profit organization that exists to support and collectively lead the open source Mozilla project.

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Much Apu About Nothing

"Much Apu About Nothing" is the 23rd episode of The Simpsons' seventh season.

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Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire (گورکانیان, Gūrkāniyān)) or Mogul Empire was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, founded in 1526. It was established and ruled by a Muslim dynasty with Turco-Mongol Chagatai roots from Central Asia, but with significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances; only the first two Mughal emperors were fully Central Asian, while successive emperors were of predominantly Rajput and Persian ancestry. The dynasty was Indo-Persian in culture, combining Persianate culture with local Indian cultural influences visible in its traits and customs. The Mughal Empire at its peak extended over nearly all of the Indian subcontinent and parts of Afghanistan. It was the second largest empire to have existed in the Indian subcontinent, spanning approximately four million square kilometres at its zenith, after only the Maurya Empire, which spanned approximately five million square kilometres. The Mughal Empire ushered in a period of proto-industrialization, and around the 17th century, Mughal India became the world's largest economic power, accounting for 24.4% of world GDP, and the world leader in manufacturing, producing 25% of global industrial output up until the 18th century. The Mughal Empire is considered "India's last golden age" and one of the three Islamic Gunpowder Empires (along with the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia). The beginning of the empire is conventionally dated to the victory by its founder Babur over Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, in the First Battle of Panipat (1526). The Mughal emperors had roots in the Turco-Mongol Timurid dynasty of Central Asia, claiming direct descent from both Genghis Khan (founder of the Mongol Empire, through his son Chagatai Khan) and Timur (Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire). During the reign of Humayun, the successor of Babur, the empire was briefly interrupted by the Sur Empire. The "classic period" of the Mughal Empire started in 1556 with the ascension of Akbar the Great to the throne. Under the rule of Akbar and his son Jahangir, the region enjoyed economic progress as well as religious harmony, and the monarchs were interested in local religious and cultural traditions. Akbar was a successful warrior who also forged alliances with several Hindu Rajput kingdoms. Some Rajput kingdoms continued to pose a significant threat to the Mughal dominance of northwestern India, but most of them were subdued by Akbar. All Mughal emperors were Muslims; Akbar, however, propounded a syncretic religion in the latter part of his life called Dīn-i Ilāhī, as recorded in historical books like Ain-i-Akbari and Dabistān-i Mazāhib. The Mughal Empire did not try to intervene in the local societies during most of its existence, but rather balanced and pacified them through new administrative practices and diverse and inclusive ruling elites, leading to more systematic, centralised, and uniform rule. Traditional and newly coherent social groups in northern and western India, such as the Maratha Empire|Marathas, the Rajputs, the Pashtuns, the Hindu Jats and the Sikhs, gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule, which, through collaboration or adversity, gave them both recognition and military experience. The reign of Shah Jahan, the fifth emperor, between 1628 and 1658, was the zenith of Mughal architecture. He erected several large monuments, the best known of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra, as well as the Moti Masjid, Agra, the Red Fort, the Badshahi Mosque, the Jama Masjid, Delhi, and the Lahore Fort. The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Category:History of Bengal Category:History of West Bengal Category:History of Bangladesh Category:History of Kolkata Category:Empires and kingdoms of Afghanistan Category:Medieval India Category:Historical Turkic states Category:Mongol states Category:1526 establishments in the Mughal Empire Category:1857 disestablishments in the Mughal Empire Category:History of Pakistan.

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Multiple citizenship

Multiple citizenship, dual citizenship, multiple nationality or dual nationality, is a person's citizenship status, in which a person is concurrently regarded as a citizen of more than one state under the laws of those states.

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Mundell–Fleming model

The Mundell–Fleming model, also known as the IS-LM-BoP model (or IS-LM-BP model), is an economic model first set forth (independently) by Robert Mundell and Marcus Fleming.

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Municipal corporations in India

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Municipal services

Municipal services or city services refer to basic services that residents of a city expect the city government to provide in exchange for the taxes which citizens pay.

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Municipalities of the Philippines

A municipality (bayan/munisipalidad; banwa; lungsod/munisipalidad; baley; balen/balayan; banwaan; bungto; ili) is a local government unit (LGU) in the Philippines.

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Municipally owned corporation

Municipally owned corporations are corporations owned by municipalities.

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Municipium

Municipium (pl. municipia) was the Latin term for a town or city.

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Muqaddimah

The Muqaddimah, also known as the Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldun (مقدّمة ابن خلدون) or Ibn Khaldun's Prolegomena (Προλεγόμενα), is a book written by the Arab historian Ibn Khaldun in 1377 which records an early view of universal history.

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Muret

Muret (in Gascon Occitan Murèth) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department, of which it is a subprefecture, in the Occitanie region of southwestern France.

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Muscovite manorialism

The development of feudal society in the region of Rus' took a different course to that in Western Europe.

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Mutualism (economic theory)

Mutualism is an economic theory and anarchist school of thought that advocates a society with free markets and occupation and use property norms.

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Mysteries at the Monument

Mysteries at the Monument (formerly Monumental Mysteries) is an American reality television series currently airing on the Travel Channel and is hosted by Don Wildman.

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Nablus

Nablus (نابلس, שכם, Biblical Shechem ISO 259-3 Škem, Νεάπολις Νeapolis) is a city in the northern West Bank, approximately north of Jerusalem, (approximately by road), with a population of 126,132.

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Nader Shah

Nader Shah Afshar (نادر شاه افشار; also known as Nader Qoli Beyg نادر قلی بیگ or Tahmāsp Qoli Khan تهماسپ قلی خان) (August 1688 – 19 June 1747) was one of the most powerful Iranian rulers in the history of the nation, ruling as Shah of Persia (Iran) from 1736 to 1747 when he was assassinated during a rebellion.

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Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire

Emperor Nader Shah, the Shah of Persia (1736–47) and the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Persia, invaded the Mughal Empire, eventually attacking Delhi in March 1739.

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Nadia Valavani

Olga-Nadia Valavani (Όλγα-Νάντια Βαλαβάνη; born 16 August 1954) is a Greek politician and economist.

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Nam Theun 2 Dam

The Nam Theun 2 Hydropower Project, or simply NT2, is a hydroelectric dam located on the Nam Theun River in Laos.

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Namtu

Namtu (နမၼတူ) is a town situated in northern Shan State, Burma.

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Naoki Hoshino

was a bureaucrat and politician who served in the Taishō and early Shōwa period Japanese government, and as an official in the Empire of Manchukuo.

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Naranarayan of Bhurishrestha

Maharaja Naranarayan (মহারাজা নরনারায়ণ) was the king of Bhurishrestha who maintained the integrity and sovereignty of the kingdom by diplomatically averting the occupation of the kingdom by the Mughal forces.

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Narcissus Luttrell

Narcissus Luttrell (1657–1732) was an English historian, diarist, and bibliographer, and briefly Member of Parliament for two different Cornish boroughs.

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National Association of Personal Financial Advisors

National Association of Personal Financial Advisors (NAPFA) is an American financial planning trade organization created in 1983 to expand the use of fee-only financial advisors by individual consumers.

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National Benefit Authority

National Benefit Authority (NBA) is the largest Disability Tax Credit service provider in Canada, and a founding member of the Association of Canadian Disability Benefit Professionals (ACDBP).

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National Board of Revenue

The National Board of Revenue (NBR) (জাতীয় রাজস্ব বোর্ড) is the central authority for tax administration in Bangladesh.

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National Health Accounts

The National Health Accounts is a process through which countries monitor the flow of money in their health sector.

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National Health Service

The National Health Service (NHS) is the name used for each of the public health services in the United Kingdom – the National Health Service in England, NHS Scotland, NHS Wales, and Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland – as well as a term to describe them collectively.

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National income policy agreement

Finnish national income policy agreements or comprehensive income policy agreements (often called tupo) are tripartite agreements between Finnish trade unions, employers' organizations, and the Finnish government.

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National Liberal Party (Romania)

The National Liberal Party (Partidul Național Liberal, PNL) is a national liberal and conservative-liberal political party in Romania.

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National Liberation Army (Colombia)

The National Liberation Army (Spanish: Ejército de Liberación Nacional, ELN) is an armed group involved in the continuing Colombian armed conflict, Official Journal of the European Union.

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National Liberation Front of Corsica

The National Liberation Front of Corsica (Front de libération nationale corse; Fronte di Liberazione Naziunale Corsu; abbreviated FLNC) is a militant group that advocates an independent state on the island of Corsica, separate from France.

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National Paralegal College

National Paralegal College (NPC) is a for-profit online distance learning college offering paralegal certifications, associates, bachelor's and master's degrees in legal studies.

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National Software

National Software Incorporated is a United States software corporation.

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National Tax Agency

The is the official tax collecting agency of Japan.

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National Tax Association

The National Tax Association - Tax Institute of America (NTA) is a US non-profit organization committed to the study and discussion of public taxation, spending, and borrowing decisions by governments around the world.

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National University of La Matanza

The National University of La Matanza (Universidad Nacional de La Matanza, UNLaM) is an Argentine national university situated in La Matanza Partido, Buenos Aires Province.

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National Waste & Recycling Association

The National Waste & Recycling Association (NWRA) is a Washington, D.C.-based trade association that represents private waste and recycling companies, as well as manufacturers and distributors of equipment that processes the material, and service providers who serve those businesses.

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Nationalist Clubs

Nationalist Clubs were an organized network of socialist political groups which emerged at the end of the 1880s in the United States of America in an effort to make real the ideas advanced by Edward Bellamy in his utopian novel Looking Backward. At least 165 Nationalist Clubs were formed by so-called "Bellamyites," who sought to remake the economy and society through the nationalization of industry.

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Nationalization of oil supplies

The nationalization of oil supplies refers to the process of confiscation of oil production operations and private property, generally in the purpose of obtaining more revenue from oil for oil-producing countries' governments.

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Natural resources consumption tax

The natural resource consumption tax is a kind of tax which is aimed to help ensure long run sustainability by increasing awareness of natural resource consumption.

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Naumburg Cathedral and the High Medieval Cultural Landscape of the Rivers Saale and Unstrut

The Naumburg Cathedral and the High Medieval Cultural Landscape of the Rivers Saale and Unstrut is situated at the heart of the Federal Republic of Germany in the State of Saxony-Anhalt.

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Neetham

Neetham (Tamil:நீதம்) are the primary virtues to be followed according to the Akilam the holy text of Ayyavazhi.

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Negative gearing

Negative gearing is a form of financial leverage whereby an investor borrows money to acquire an income-producing investment and the gross income generated by the investment (at least in the short term) is less than the cost of owning and managing the investment, including depreciation and interest charged on the loan (but excluding capital repayments).

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Neil McNeil

Neil McNeil (November 23, 1851 – May 25, 1934) was the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Vancouver from 1910 to 1912 and Roman Catholic Archbishop of Toronto from 1912 to 1934.

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Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough

Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP (commonly referred to simply as Nelson Mullins) is a U.S. law firm and lobby group based in Columbia, South Carolina.

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Nemadji State Forest

The Nemadji State Forest is a state forest located primarily in Pine County, Minnesota.

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Neoconservatism and paleoconservatism

This article describes ideological and practical differences between neoconservatism and paleoconservatism, the two branches of the American conservative political movement.

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Net output

Net output is an accounting concept used in national accounts such as the United Nations System of National Accounts (UNSNA) and the NIPAs, and sometimes in corporate or government accounts.

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Netu Yukam

Netu Yukam, according to Ayyavazhi mythology, was a time when another fragment of Kroni was created into two wicked persons called Thillaimallalan and Mallosivahanan.

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Nevada Regulation of Marijuana Initiative

The Regulation of Marijuana Initiative, or Question 7 in Nevada, is an act voted on in the 2006 United States general election by registered Nevada state citizens.

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New Brunswick general election, 2014

The 38th New Brunswick general election was held on September 22, 2014, to elect 49 members to the 58th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada.

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New Jersey Turnpike Authority

The New Jersey Turnpike Authority (NJTA) is a state agency responsible for maintaining the New Jersey Turnpike and the Garden State Parkway.

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New Keynesian economics

New Keynesian economics is a school of contemporary macroeconomics that strives to provide microeconomic foundations for Keynesian economics.

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New Milford High School (Connecticut)

New Milford High School is a four-year, public, coeducational high school in New Milford, Connecticut.

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New Monarchs

The New Monarchs was a concept developed by European historians during the first half of the 20th century to characterize 15th-century European rulers who unified their respective nations, creating stable and centralized governments.

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New York Central Railroad

The New York Central Railroad was a railroad operating in the Northeastern United States.

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New York energy law

New York energy law is the statutory, regulatory, and common law of the state of New York concerning the policy, conservation, taxation, and utilities involved in energy.

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New York Law School

New York Law School is an ABA-accredited private law school that was founded in 1891 in the Tribeca neighborhood of Lower Manhattan in New York City.

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New York State Department of Taxation and Finance

The New York State Department of Taxation and Finance (NYSDTF) is the department of the New York state government responsible for taxation and revenue, including handling all tax forms and publications, and dispersing tax revenue to other agencies and counties within New York State.

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New Zealand Customs Service

The Customs Service (In Māori, Te Mana Arai o Aotearoa) is a state sector organisation of New Zealand whose role is to provide border control and protect the community from potential risks arising from international trade and travel, as well as collecting duties and taxes on imports to the country.

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New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme

The New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (NZ ETS) is a partial-coverage all-free allocation uncapped highly internationally linked emissions trading scheme.

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New Zealand general election, 1957

The 1957 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 32nd term.

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New Zealand general election, 2005

The 2005 New Zealand general election on Saturday 17 September 2005 determined the membership of the 48th New Zealand Parliament.

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Newropeans

Newropeans was a European political party that contested the 2009 European Parliament elections in the Netherlands, Germany and five regions of France on a platform of European federalism and reform.

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News council

A news council is an organization set up to look into complaints about journalism, such as inaccuracy and bias.

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Nikephoritzes

Nikephoritzes (Νικηφορίτζης) was an influential Byzantine eunuch official, who served as chief minister and virtual ruler of the Byzantine Empire during the reign of Emperor Michael VII Doukas (r. 1071–1078).

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Nikita Belykh

Nikita Yurevich Belykh (Ники́та Ю́рьевич Белы́х, born June 13, 1975 in Perm) is a Russian politician and former leader of the Union of Rightist Forces party.

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Nikolai Pokrovsky

Nikolai Nikolayevich Pokrovsky (27 January 1865, St Petersburg – 12 December 1930, Kaunas) was a (nationalist) Russian politician and the last foreign minister of the Russian Empire.

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Nipponbashi

is a shopping district of Naniwa Ward, Osaka, Japan.

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Nixon Williams

Nixon Williams is a UK-based accountancy firm that provides accountancy services to contractors with private limited companies.

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No Net Cost Tobacco Act of 1982

The No Net Cost Tobacco Act of 1982 (P.L. 97-218) required that the Tobacco Price Support Program operate at no net cost to taxpayers, other than for the administrative expenses common to all price support programs.

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No-show (airlines)

A no-show is a clause that some airlines include in their terms of use.

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Noble Ellington

Noble Edward Ellington, II (born May 25, 1942), is a wealthy cotton merchant from Winnsboro, the seat of government of Franklin Parish in northeastern Louisiana, who is a former member of both houses of the Louisiana State Legislature.

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Non-aggression principle

The non-aggression principle (or NAP; also called the non-aggression axiom, the anti-coercion, zero aggression principle or non-initiation of force) is an ethical stance that asserts that aggression is inherently wrong.

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Non-convexity (economics)

In economics, non-convexity refers to violations of the convexity assumptions of elementary economics.

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Non-qualified stock option

Non-qualified stock options (typically abbreviated NSO or NQSO) are stock options which do not qualify for the special treatment accorded to incentive stock options.

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Non-Summit

Non-Summit, also known as Abnormal Summit, is a South Korean television program on JTBC which first aired on July 7, 2014.

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Non-tax revenue

Non-tax revenue or non-tax receipts are government revenue not generated from taxes.

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Non-wage labour costs

Non-wage labour costs are social security and insurance contributions, labour taxes and other costs related to employing someone and may include.

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NOPAT

In corporate finance, net operating profit after tax (NOPAT) is a company's after-tax operating profit for all investors, including shareholders and debt holders.

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Nordic model

The Nordic model (also called Nordic capitalism or Nordic social democracy) refers to the economic and social policies common to the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, Iceland, the Faroe Islands and Sweden).

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Norman Fowler, Baron Fowler

Peter Norman Fowler, Baron Fowler, (born 2 February 1938) is a British politician who was a member of Margaret Thatcher's ministry.

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North Carolina Chamber of Commerce

The North Carolina Chamber of Commerce, also known as the, is a business network and advocacy organization whose chief mission is to promote business interests in the state of North Carolina.

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Northern Ireland Ambulance Service

The Northern Ireland Ambulance Service Health and Social Care Trust (NIAS) is an ambulance service that serves the whole of Northern Ireland (approx 1.8 million people).

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Norwegian Customs Service

Norwegian Customs Service is a Norwegian government agency under the Ministry of Finance with responsibility for "protecting society against illegal importation and exportation of goods and to ensure government revenues by correct and timely payment of duties and taxes".

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Norwegian parliamentary election, 2009

The 2009 parliamentary election was held in Norway on 13 and 14 September 2009.

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Nuisance abatement

Nuisance abatement is a growing area within policing and code enforcement.

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Nynetjer

Nynetjer (also known as Ninetjer and Banetjer) is the Horus name of the third pharaoh of the Second Dynasty of Egypt.

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Oakland, Maine

Oakland is a town in Kennebec County in the U.S. state of Maine.

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Obitsu River

The is a river in Kimitsu, Kisarazu, and Sodegaura, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.

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Objectivism (Ayn Rand)

Objectivism is a philosophical system developed by Russian-American writer Ayn Rand (1905–1982).

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Occupational privilege tax

Various state and local taxing authorities in the US require an employer or the employee to withhold and remit a tax on the wages paid to an employee.

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Octroi

Octroi (octroyer, to grant, authorize; Lat. auctor) is a local tax collected on various articles brought into a district for consumption.

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OECD

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental economic organisation with 35 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.

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OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises

The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises are an annex to the OECD Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises.

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Off-budget enterprise

Off-budget enterprises (OBEs, or special districts) are a type of government in the United States, the UK and the EU.

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Office of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse

The Office of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse at the American Medical Association (AMA) was established by the temperance-oriented Robert Wood Johnson Foundation with an initial grant of $5 million, followed by more substantial funding.

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Offices in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

This article discusses the organizational and administrative structure of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Official Handbook of the Vast Right-Wing Conspiracy

The Official Handbook of the Vast Right-Wing Conspiracy is a 2004 book written by Mark W. Smith.

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Officium (Ancient Rome)

Officium (plural officia) is a Latin word with various meanings in ancient Rome, including "service", "(sense of) duty", "courtesy", "ceremony" and the like.

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Offshore bank

An offshore bank is a bank regulated under international banking license (often called offshore license), which usually prohibits the bank from establishing any business activities in the jurisdiction of establishment.

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Offshore financial centre

An offshore financial centre (OFC) is a jurisdiction specializing in providing corporate and commercial services, such as offshore banking licenses (international banking license) or the incorporation of offshore companies (international business companies).

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Ohio county government

Ohio county government is the structure of official managerial and legal bodies of the counties of Ohio, USA.

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Ohio Hi-Point Career Center

The Ohio Hi-Point Career Center is a career–technical school that provides career–technical training to high school students and adults in west-central Ohio.

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Ohiopyle, Pennsylvania

Ohiopyle is a borough in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Oil reserves in Russia

There have been widely varying estimates of proven oil reserves in Russia.

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Oklahoma Secretary of Finance and Revenue

The Oklahoma Secretary of Finance, Administration and Information Technology is a member of the Oklahoma Governor's Cabinet.

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Oklahoma State Board of Equalization

The Oklahoma State Board of Equalization is an agency of the state of Oklahoma that is responsible for tax administration.

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Oklahoma Tax Commission

The Oklahoma Tax Commission (OTC) is the Oklahoma state government agency that collects taxes and enforces the taxation and revenue laws of the state.

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Old East Dallas, Dallas

Old East Dallas is a community consisting of several neighborhoods in east Dallas, Texas, (USA).

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Oloff Hennig

Oloff Hennig is a South African businessman, best known for his friendship with Ronnie Biggs, the legendary British train robber.

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Oncogenic retroviridae protein

Oncogenic retroviridae proteins are retroviral proteins that have the ability to transform cells.

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OneTax

The OneTax is a tax reform plan and proposed amendment to the United States Constitution that eliminates the federal income tax for all individuals earning less than $215,870.

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Onley (lost settlement)

The lost village of Onley is located within the parish of Barby in the English county of Northamptonshire.

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Ontario tobacco belt

The Ontario tobacco belt is the tobacco-growing region located in Norfolk County and eastern Elgin County in Southwestern Ontario, Canada.

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OpenTuition

OpenTuition.com is an online learning site, providing free online training in accountancy and financial services.

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Operating cash flow

In financial accounting, operating cash flow (OCF), cash flow provided by operations, cash flow from operating activities (CFO) or free cash flow from operations (FCFO), refers to the amount of cash a company generates from the revenues it brings in, excluding costs associated with long-term investment on capital items or investment in securities.

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Opolans

Opolans (Opolanie; Opolané; Opolanen) were the West Slavic tribe that lived in the region of upper Odra.

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Optimal tax

Optimal tax theory or the theory of optimal taxation is the study of designing and implementing a tax that maximises a social welfare function subject to economic constraints.

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Orange County, North Carolina

Orange County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina.

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Orders of magnitude (currency)

This page is a progressive list of currency orders of magnitude, with examples.

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Orders of magnitude (numbers)

This list contains selected positive numbers in increasing order, including counts of things, dimensionless quantity and probabilities.

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Ordsall, Greater Manchester

Ordsall is an inner city area of Salford, Greater Manchester, England.

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Oregon Tax Court

The Oregon Tax Court is a state court in the U.S. state of Oregon, which has jurisdiction in questions of law that regard state tax laws.

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Oregon tax revolt

The Oregon tax revolt is a political movement in Oregon which advocates for lower taxes.

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Organic Articles

The Organic Articles (French: "Les Articles Organiques") was a law administering public worship in France.

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Orphan Drug Act of 1983

The Orphan Drug Act of 1983 is a law passed in the United States to facilitate development of orphan drugs — drugs for rare diseases such as Huntington's Disease, myoclonus, ALS, Tourette syndrome and muscular dystrophy which affect small numbers of individuals residing in the United States.

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Oslo I Accord

The Oslo I Accord or Oslo I, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or short Declaration of Principles (DOP), was an attempt in 1993 to set up a framework that would lead to the resolution of the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict.

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Ostsiedlung

Ostsiedlung (literally east settling), in English called the German eastward expansion, was the medieval eastward migration and settlement of Germanic-speaking peoples from the Holy Roman Empire, especially its southern and western portions, into less-populated regions of Central Europe, parts of west Eastern Europe, and the Baltics.

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Otlak resmi

Otlak resmi was a tax on pasture in the Ottoman empire.

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Ottawa municipal election, 2006

The 2006 Ottawa municipal election was held on November 13, 2006, in Ottawa, Canada, to elect the mayor of Ottawa, Ottawa City Council and the Ottawa-Carleton Public and Catholic School Boards.

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Otto H. Jacobs

Otto H. Jacobs (born 1939 in, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) is a German researcher and former chairman of Ernst & Young.

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Our Country Deserves Better PAC

Our Country Deserves Better PAC (OCDB) is a political action committee (PAC) formed in August 2008 to oppose the election of Democratic Party presidential candidate Barack Obama.

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Outline of business

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to business: Business – organization of one or more individuals, engaged in the trade of goods, services, or both to consumers, and the activity of such organizations, also known as "doing business".

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Outline of economics

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to economics: Economics – analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

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Outline of finance

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to finance: Finance – addresses the ways in which individuals and organizations raise and allocate monetary resources over time, taking into account the risks entailed in their projects.

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Outline of public affairs

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to public affairs: Public affairs – catch-all term that includes public policy as well as public administration, both of which are closely related to and draw upon the fields of political science and economics.

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Outline of The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

This is an outline of the six-volume work The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, authored by English historian Edward Gibbon (1737–1794).

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Outright

Outright is a US accounting and bookkeeping application that assists small businesses and sole proprietors with managing their business income and expenses.

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Outsource Partners International

Outsource Partners International (OPI) was acquired by EXL in June 2011.

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Overhead (business)

In business, overhead or overhead expense refers to an ongoing expense of operating a business.

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Overseas housing allowance (United States military)

An overseas housing allowance (OHA) is a United States military entitlement given to military servicemen and women living overseas.

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P45 (tax)

In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, a P45 is the reference code of a form titled Details of employee leaving work.

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Pabna Peasant Uprisings

Pabna Peasant Uprising (1873-76) was a resistance movement by the peasants ("Ryots") against the lords of the lands in Bengal ("zamindars") in the Yusufshahi pargana (now the Sirajganj District, Bangladesh) in Pabna.It was led by Ishan Chandra Roy.

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Pacific Boulevard

Pacific Boulevard is a street and principal commercial thoroughfare in the city of Huntington Park, California.

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Package-deal fallacy

The logical fallacy of the package deal (also known as false conjunction) consists of assuming that things often grouped together by tradition or culture must always be grouped that way.

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Pacta conventa

Pacta conventa (Latin for "articles of agreement") was a contractual agreement, from 1573 to 1764 entered into between the "Polish nation" (i.e., the szlachta (nobility) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) and a newly elected king upon his "free election" (''wolna elekcja'') to the throne.

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PaintCare

PaintCare, Inc. is a non-profit product stewardship organization created by the.

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Palumbo–Donahue School of Business

The Palumbo–Donahue School of Business is one of the colleges that comprises Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

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Papal States under Pope Pius IX

The Papal States under Pope Pius IX assumed a much more modern and secular character than had been seen under previous pontificates, and yet this progressive modernization was not nearly sufficient in resisting the tide of political liberalization and unification in Italy during the middle of the 19th century.

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Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 581

Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 581 (P. Oxy. 581 or P. Oxy. III 581) is a papyrus fragment written in Ancient Greek.

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Parafiscal tax

A parafiscal tax is a tax levied for specific purpose, a tax on a specific product or service by which a government raises money for a specific purpose.

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Parliament

In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government.

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Parliament Act 1911

The Parliament Act 1911 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949

The Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 are two Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which form part of the constitution of the United Kingdom.

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Parliament of Scotland

The Parliament of Scotland was the legislature of the Kingdom of Scotland.

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Parliamentary sovereignty in the United Kingdom

Parliamentary sovereignty in the United Kingdom is a concept that has long been debated.

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Participation exemption

Participation exemption is a general term relating to an exemption from taxation for a shareholder in a company on dividends received, and potential capital gains arising on the sale of shares.

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Pashtun colonization of northern Afghanistan

Starting in the 1880s, various governments of Afghanistan have pursued policies aimed towards settling more ethnic Pashtuns in northern Afghanistan.

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Passenger Cases

Smith v. Turner; Norris v. Boston,, were two similar cases, argued together before the United States Supreme Court, which decided 5-4 that states do not have the right to impose a tax that is determined by the number of passengers of a designated category on board a ship and/or disembarking into the State.

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Passive management

Passive management (also called passive investing) is an investing strategy that tracks a market-weighted index or portfolio.

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Pathukudi

Pathukudi (also Pathukudy and Paththukudi) is a Malayalam speaking Hindu community — mostly centered in Palakkad district of Kerala state, India.

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Patriarch Filaret of Moscow

Feodor Nikitich Romanov (Фео́дор Ники́тич Рома́нов,; 1553 – 1 October 1633) was a Russian boyar who after temporary disgrace rose to become patriarch of Moscow as Filaret (Филаре́т), and became de facto ruler of Russia during the reign of his son, Mikhail Feodorovich.

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Patrick FitzLeones

Patrick FitzLeones (died after 1495) was a prominent citizen of fifteenth century Dublin, who served three times as Mayor.

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Patrick H. Kelly

Patrick Henry Kelly (June 13, 1890 – July 30, 1965) was an American educator and politician, who served two 2-year terms as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

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Patrick Hickey (politician)

Patrick T. "Pat" Hickey (born August 17, 1950) is an American politician and a Republican member of the Nevada Assembly representing Assembly District 25 in Washoe County.

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Patroon

In the United States, a patroon (from Dutch patroon) was a landholder with manorial rights to large tracts of land in the 17th century Dutch colony of New Netherland on the east coast of North America.

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Paul Krugman

Paul Robin Krugman (born February 28, 1953) is an American economist who is currently Distinguished Professor of Economics at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, and a columnist for The New York Times.

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Paul Webley

Paul Webley CBE (19 November 1953 – 2 March 2016) was director and principal of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London from 2006 to 2015.

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Paul Weinstein (economist)

Paul J. Weinstein Jr. founded and directs the Graduate Program in Public Management at Johns Hopkins University and has also taught at Columbia University and Georgetown University.

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Pavia

Pavia (Lombard: Pavia; Ticinum; Medieval Latin: Papia) is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy, northern Italy, south of Milan on the lower Ticino river near its confluence with the Po.

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Pavlovce (Vranov nad Topľou District)

Pavlovce (Kapipálvágása) is a village and municipality in Vranov nad Topľou District in the Prešov Region of eastern Slovakia.

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Pax Mongolica

The Pax Mongolica (Latin for "Mongol Peace"), less often known as Pax Tatarica ("Tatar Peace"), is a historiographical term modelled after the original phrase Pax Romana which describes the stabilising effects of the conquests of the Mongol Empire on the social, cultural and economic life of the inhabitants of the vast Eurasian territory that the Mongols conquered in the 13th and 14th centuries.

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PCTCT

In the United Kingdom tax system, and more specifically for UK corporation tax purposes, PCTCT stands for "profits chargeable to corporation tax," a UK term for taxable profits.

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Pearson Commission

The Royal Commission on Civil Liability and Compensation for Personal Injury, better known as the Pearson commission was a United Kingdom royal commission, established in 1973 under the chairmanship of Lord Pearson.

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Peasant revolt in Flanders 1323–28

The Peasant revolt in Flanders 1323–1328 was a popular revolt in late medieval Europe.

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Pedro de Herrera

Pedro de Herrera was a Spanish Converso (Jews converted to Catholicism) leader.

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Pedro II of Brazil in the Paraguayan War

The history of Pedro II of Brazil in the Paraguayan War began after the invasion of Brazilian provinces by Paraguayan forces by the end of 1864.

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Penn State Law

Penn State Law, located in University Park, Pennsylvania, is one of two separately accredited law schools of the Pennsylvania State University.

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Pennellville Historic District

Pennellville Historic District is a residential district located in the town of Brunswick, Maine, (U.S.A.). To locals, the neighborhood is known simply as "Pennellville." Pennellville is significant for two main reasons: it has several historic ship captains' mansions, and much of the real estate is waterfront property.

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Penny Bacchiochi

Penny Bacchiochi (born c. 1961) is an American Republican politician, who served as a state representative in Connecticut.

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Pension

A pension is a fund into which a sum of money is added during an employee's employment years, and from which payments are drawn to support the person's retirement from work in the form of periodic payments.

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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis or pensions timebomb is the predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the world, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them.

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People v. Salem

Detroit & Howell R Co v Salem Township Board, 20 Mich 452 (1870), is a legal case in which the Michigan Supreme Court held that the Michigan State Constitution of 1850 prohibited the use of public money to finance a privately owned railroad.

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Per unit tax

A per unit tax, or specific tax, is a tax that is defined as a fixed amount for each unit of a good or service sold, such as cents per kilogram.

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Per-Axel Arosenius

Per-Axel Daniel Rank Arosenius (7 November 1920 – 21 March 1981) was a Swedish film and television actor of mostly supporting parts.

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Perimeter Center

Perimeter Center is a major edge city in metro Atlanta, Georgia, United States.

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Perpetual traveler

The term "perpetual traveler" (also "PT", "permanent tourist", or "prior taxpayer") refers to the idea that by basing different aspects of one's life in different countries and not spending too long in any one place, a person can reduce taxes, avoid civic duties, and increase personal freedom.

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Personal Insolvency Arrangement

A Personal Insolvency Arrangement (PIA) is Ireland's debt management solution for individuals who want to avoid outright bankruptcy and declare insolvency.

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Personal Rule

The Personal Rule (also known as the Eleven Years' Tyranny) was the period from 1629 to 1640, when King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland ruled without recourse to Parliament.

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Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought

Throughout modern history, a variety of perspectives on capitalism have evolved based on different schools of thought.

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Peter Curry

Thomas Peter Ellison Curry Q.C. (22 July 1921 – 25 January 2010) was a prominent English Barrister and athlete.

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Peter Oppenheimer

Peter Oppenheimer is the former senior vice president and Chief Financial Officer of Apple Inc and has been a member of the board of directors of Goldman Sachs since 2014.

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Peterborough, New Hampshire

Peterborough is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States.

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Petubastis III

Seheruibre Padibastet, better known with his hellenised name Petubastis III (or IV, depending on the scholars) was a native Ancient Egyptian ruler, c. 522 – 520 BC, who revolted against Persian rule.

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Phi Eta Kappa

Phi Eta Kappa (ΦΗΚ) is a fraternity at the University of Maine.

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Philippine legal codes

Codification of laws is a common practice in the Philippines.

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Philippines Charitable Giving Assistance Act

The Philippines Charitable Giving Assistance Act is a law that will allow Americans to deduct from their 2013 taxes any charitable donations made between January 1, 2014 and April 15, 2014 provide they are made for the relief of victims in the Republic of the Philippines affected by Typhoon Haiyan.

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Physical inventory

Physical inventory is a process where a business physically counts its entire inventory.

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Pierre Le Pesant, sieur de Boisguilbert

Pierre le Pesant, sieur de Boisguilbert or Boisguillebert (17 February 164610 October 1714) was a French law-maker and a Jansenist, one of the inventors of the notion of an economical market.

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Pierre Louis Roederer

Comte Pierre Louis Roederer (15 February 1754 – 17 December 1835) was a French politician, economist, and historian, politically active in the era of the French Revolution and First French Republic.

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Pieter Omtzigt

Pieter Herman Omtzigt (born 8 January 1974) is a Dutch politician.

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Pietro Verri

Pietro Verri (12 December 1728 – 28 June 1797) was an Italian philosopher, economist, historian and writer.

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Pigou Club

The Pigou Club is described by its creator, economist and blogger N. Gregory Mankiw, as "an elite group of economists and pundits with the good sense to have publicly advocated higher Pigovian taxes, such as gasoline taxes or carbon taxes." These pundits and economists often advocate lowering other taxes to keep the total amount of taxes collected the same, though many have also proposed dedicating the revenue to other worthwhile projects.

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Pigovian tax

A Pigovian tax (also spelled Pigouvian tax) is a tax on any market activity that generates negative externalities (costs not included in the market price).

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Places in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

This is a list of places featured in Douglas Adams's science fiction series The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.

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Planka.nu

Planka.nu is a network of organizations in Sweden and Norway promoting tax-financed zero-fare public transport with chapters in Stockholm, Gothenburg, Skåne, Östergötland and Oslo.

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Plante Moran

Plante Moran is the 14th largest certified public accounting and business advisory firm in the United States offering audit, accounting, tax and business advisory consulting services.

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Poblacion

Poblacion or población (literally "town", settlement or "population" in Spanish) is the common term used for the central, downtown, old town or central business district area of a Philippine city or municipality, which may take up the area of a single barangay or multiple barangays.

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Pohick Church

Pohick Church is an Episcopal church in the community of Lorton in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States.

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Poland (surname)

Poland is an Irish surname that has been Anglicised from MacPoìlin.

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Poleconomy

Poleconomy is a board game invented by New Zealander Bruce E. Hatherley and first published in 1980.

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Police Athletic League

The Police Athletic League (PAL; Police Activities League) is an organization in many American police departments in which members of the police force coach young people, both boys and girls, in sports, and help with homework and other school-related activities.

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Police auction

A police auction is an auction of goods which have been confiscated by the police and cannot or may not be returned to their original owners.

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Policy learning

Policy learning occurs when policymakers compare current policy problems to the previous ones within their own or in other jurisdictions, develop an understanding of why certain governments implemented a specific policy, what the effects of the policy were, and what the objective of the policy should be upon implementation in the current jurisdiction.

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Polish nationality law

Polish nationality law is based primarily on the principle of jus sanguinis.

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Politeia (think tank)

Politeia is a centre-right British political think tank that generally supports free-market initiatives.

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Political divisions of the United States

United States, political divisions Political divisions (also referred to as administrative divisions) of the United States are the various recognized governing entities that together form the United States.

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Political history of the world

The political history of the world is the history of the various political entities created by the human race throughout their existence and the way these states define their borders.

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Politics of Edinburgh

The politics of Edinburgh, are expressed in the deliberations and decisions of the City of Edinburgh Council, in elections to the council, the Scottish Parliament, the House of Commons and the European Parliament.

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Politics of France

The politics of France take place with the framework of a semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the French Fifth Republic.

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Poll tax

A poll tax, also known as head tax or capitation, is a tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual.

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Poll taxes in the United States

A poll tax is a tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual.

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Polyandry in Tibet

Polyandry is a marital arrangement in which a woman has several husbands.

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Pomor trade

Pomor trade (from p; po «by» and more «ocean»; «area by the ocean», the same word is the basis for Pomerania), is the trade carried out between the Pomors of Northwest Russia and the people along the coast of Northern Norway, as far south as Bodø.

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Ponciano Arriaga

José Ponciano Arriaga Leija (1811–1865) was a lawyer and radical liberal politician from the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí.

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Popiwek

Popiwek (an acronym of PPWW, short for Podatek od ponadnormatywnych wypłat wynagrodzeń, Super-normative wages tax) was an tax introduced in Poland in 1984.

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Population ageing

Population ageing is an increasing median age in the population of a region due to declining fertility rates and/or rising life expectancy.

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Port of Subic

The Port of Subic Bay is in the Subic Bay Freeport Zone, the former U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay, on Subic Bay in the Philippines.

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Posad

A posad (посад) was a settlement in the Russian Empire, often surrounded by ramparts and a moat, adjoining a town or a kremlin, but outside of it, or adjoining a monastery in the 10th to 15th centuries.

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Posse Comitatus (organization)

The Posse Comitatus (Latin, "force of the county") is a loosely organized, far-right social movement in the United States starting in the late 1960s, whose members spread a conspiracy-minded, anti-government and anti-Semitic message in the name of white Christians to counter what they believe is an attack on their social and political rights.

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Poverty in China

In China today, poverty refers mainly to the rural poor, as decades of economic growth has largely eradicated urban poverty.

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Power of the purse

The power of the purse is the ability of one group to manipulate and control the actions of another group by withholding funding, or putting stipulations on the use of funds.

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Practice firm

A practice firm (also known as a practice enterprise, or virtual company) is a simulated company that is run like a real business, simulating a normal company's business procedures, products and services, and resembles a real company in its form, organization and function.

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Pre-Columbian Mexico

The pre-Columbian history of the territory now comprising contemporary Mexico is known through the work of archaeologists and epigraphers, and through the accounts of the conquistadors, clergymen, and indigenous chroniclers of the immediate post-conquest period.

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Predicted effects of the FairTax

The Fair Tax Act (/) is a bill in the United States Congress for changing tax laws to replace the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and all federal income taxes (including Alternative Minimum Tax), payroll taxes (including Social Security and Medicare taxes), corporate taxes, capital gains taxes, gift taxes, and estate taxes with a national retail sales tax, to be levied once at the point of purchase on all new goods and services.

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Preferential creditor

A preferential creditor (in some jurisdictions called a preferred creditor) is a creditor receiving a preferential right to payment upon the debtor's bankruptcy under applicable insolvency laws.

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Prepared Meals Tax in North Carolina

Prepared Meals Tax in North Carolina is a 1% tax that is imposed upon meals that are prepared at restaurants.

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Presidency of Fidel Ramos

The Presidency of Fidel V. Ramos, also known as the Ramos Administration spanned for six years from June 30, 1992 to June 30, 1998.

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Prices of production

Prices of production (or "production prices"; in German Produktionspreise) is a concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy, defined as "cost-price + average profit".

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PricewaterhouseCoopers

PricewaterhouseCoopers (doing business as PwC) is a multinational professional services network headquartered in London, United Kingdom.

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Pridi Banomyong

Pridi Banomyong (ปรีดี พนมยงค์,,; 11 May 1900 – 2 May 1983) was a Thai politician.

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Primary challenge

A primary challenge occurs in U.S. politics when an incumbent elected official is challenged in an upcoming primary election by a member of their own political party.

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Princess Maria Christina of Saxony (1735–1782)

Princess Maria Christina of Saxony (Maria Christina Anna Theresa Salomea Eulalia Francisca Xaveria; 12 February 1735 – 19 November 1782) was a Princess of Saxony and later Abbess of Remiremont.

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Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy

The Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Privacy

Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves, or information about themselves, and thereby express themselves selectively.

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Private community

A private community is a residential community that can be an association or a proprietary organization.

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Private copying levy

A private copying levy (also known as blank media tax or levy) is a government-mandated scheme in which a special tax or levy (additional to any general sales tax) is charged on purchases of recordable media.

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Private defense agency

A private defense agency (PDA) is an enterprise which would provide personal protection and military defense services to individuals who would voluntarily contract for its services.

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Private school

Private schools, also known to many as independent schools, non-governmental, privately funded, or non-state schools, are not administered by local, state or national governments.

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Privatized tax collection

Privatized tax collection occurs wherever the state passes on its obligation to collect taxes to private companies or firms in return for a fixed or ad valorem fee.

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Privilege tax

A privilege tax is a tax levied in exchange for a privilege or license granted to the taxpayer.

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Privy Purse

The Privy Purse is the British Sovereign's private income, mostly from the Duchy of Lancaster.

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Procedures of the United States Congress

Procedures of the United States Congress are established ways of doing legislative business.

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Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam

The Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (Tuyên ngôn độc lập Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa) was written by Hồ Chí Minh, and announced in public at the Ba Đình flower garden (now the Ba Đình Square) on September 2, 1945.

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Procyclical and countercyclical variables

Procyclical and countercyclical variables are variables that fluctuate in a way that is respectively positively or negatively correlated with fluctuations in gross domestic product (GDP).

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Prodnalog

Prodnalog (p, from продовольственный налог, Prodovolstvenniy nalog; "food tax") is the Russian word for a tax on food production, paid in kind in Soviet Russia, and sometimes known as "the Tax in Kind".

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Professional employer organization

A professional employer organization (PEO) is a firm that provides a service under which an employer can outsource employee management tasks, such as employee benefits, payroll and workers' compensation, recruiting, risk/safety management, and training and development.

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Professional wrestling in the United Kingdom

Professional wrestling in the United Kingdom spans over one hundred years but became popular when the then new independent television network ITV began showing it in 1955, firstly on Saturday afternoons and then also in a late-night midweek slot.

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Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia

The Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia, commonly called the PC Party, is a moderate, centrist political party in Nova Scotia, Canada.

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Progressive Democrats

The Progressive Democrats (An Páirtí Daonlathach, literally The Democratic Party, PDs) was a conservative-liberal political party in the Republic of Ireland.

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Progressive tax

A progressive tax is a tax in which the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases.

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Pronoia

The pronoia (plural pronoiai; Greek: πρόνοια, meaning "care" or "forethought") was a system of granting dedicated streams of state income to individuals and institutions in the late Eastern Roman Empire.

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Property

Property, in the abstract, is what belongs to or with something, whether as an attribute or as a component of said thing.

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Property tax in the United States

Most local governments in the United States impose a property tax, also known as a millage rate, as a principal source of revenue.

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Proportional tax

A proportional tax is a tax imposed so that the tax rate is fixed, with no change as the taxable base amount increases or decreases.

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Proskauer Rose

Proskauer Rose LLP (formerly known as Proskauer, Rose, Goetz & Mendelsohn, LLP) is an international law firm headquartered in New York City.

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Prospectors & Developers Association of Canada

Established in 1932, the Prospectors & Developers Association of Canada (PDAC) represents the interests of the Canadian mineral exploration and development industry.

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Provincial Judges Reference

The Provincial Judges Reference 3 S.C.R. 3 is a leading opinion of the Supreme Court of Canada in response to a reference question regarding remuneration and the independence and impartiality of provincial court judges.

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Przedecz (Jewish community)

The Jewish community of Przedecz, which accounted for a large proportion of the population of Przedecz, a town in western Poland, was wiped out in the Holocaust.

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Public administration

Public Administration is the implementation of government policy and also an academic discipline that studies this implementation and prepares civil servants for working in the public service.

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Public Administration of Spain

The Public Administration of Spain is the governmental apparatus that manages the Spanish public interests.

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Public Domain Enhancement Act

The Public Domain Enhancement Act (PDEA) ((108th Congress), (109th Congress)) was a bill in the United States Congress which, if passed, would have added a tax for copyrighted works to retain their copyright status.

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Public economics

Public economics (or economics of the public sector) is the study of government policy through the lens of economic efficiency and equity.

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Public expenditure

Public expenditure is spending made by the government of a country on collective needs and wants such as pension, provision, infrastructure, etc.

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Public finance

Public finance is the study of the role of the government in the economy.

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Public good

In economics, a public good is a good that is both non-excludable and non-rivalrous in that individuals cannot be effectively excluded from use and where use by one individual does not reduce availability to others.

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Public holidays in the United States

The schedule of public holidays in the United States is largely influenced by the schedule of federal holidays, but is controlled by private sector employers who employ 62% of the total U.S. population with paid time off.

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Public law

Public law is that part of law which governs relationships between individuals and the government, and those relationships between individuals which are of direct concern to society.

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Public library

A public library is a library that is accessible by the general public and is generally funded from public sources, such as taxes.

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Public library advocacy

Public library advocacy is support given to a public library for its financial and philosophical goals or needs.

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Public Prosecutor of Costa Rica

The Public Ministry of Costa Rica has an accusatory function before the courts by the Criminal prosecutions and conducting preparatory research into the crimes of public action, work being done in conjunction with the Judicial Investigation Department.

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Public records

Public records are documents or pieces of information that are not considered confidential and generally pertain to the conduct of government.

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Public rights

In the United States, public rights, as compared to private rights, belong to citizens but are vested in and vindicated by political entities.

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Public sector

The public sector (also called the state sector) is the part of the economy composed of both public services and public enterprises.

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Publican

In antiquity, publicans (Greek τελώνης telōnēs (singular); Latin publicanus (singular); publicani (plural)) were public contractors, in which role they often supplied the Roman legions and military, managed the collection of port duties, and oversaw public building projects.

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Puertorriqueña de Aviación

Puertorriqueña de Aviación, previously known as Aerovías Nacionales de Puerto Rico (alternatively known as ANPRI) was an airline company that operated during the 1930s.

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Pythagoreanism

Pythagoreanism originated in the 6th century BC, based on the teachings and beliefs held by Pythagoras and his followers, the Pythagoreans, who were considerably influenced by mathematics and mysticism.

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Qahal

The Qahal (קהל) was a theocratic organizational structure in ancient Israelite society according to the Hebrew Bible.

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Queen Street (Hamilton, Ontario)

Queen Street is a Lower City arterial road in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

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Quinto real

The quinto real or the quinto del rey, the "King's fifth", was a 20% tax established in 1504 that Spain levied on the mining of precious metals.

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Quipu

Quipu (also spelled khipu) or talking knots, were recording devices fashioned from strings historically used by a number of cultures, particularly in the region of Andean South America.

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Quit-rent

Quit rent, quit-rent, or quitrent, is a tax or land tax imposed on occupants of freehold or leased land in lieu of services to a higher landowning authority, usually a government or its assigns.

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R. H. Boyd

Richard Henry Boyd (March 15, 1843 – August 22, 1922), commonly known as the Rev.

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Rabelais Student Media

Rabelais Student Media is a student newspaper at La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia, named after French Renaissance writer François Rabelais.

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Racing identity

Racing identity, expanded to prominent or colourful racing identity, is a euphemism used by journalists (particularly in Australia) for a person who is believed to be involved in criminal activity, and who frequents horse or dog racing venues or is involved in some aspect of the racing industry.

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Radical citizenship

Radical Citizenship as in ‘the belonging, expression and allegiance to multiple and malleable identities’ was first elucidated in the doctoral proposals, and papers written by Bachar Chbib candidate for a Doctorate in Philosophy in the communications department at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

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Radical Whigs

The Radical Whigs were a group of British political commentators associated with the British Whig faction who were at the forefront of the Radical movement.

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Rahn curve

The Rahn curve is a graph used to illustrate an economic theory, proposed in 1996 by American economist Richard W. Rahn, which indicates that there is a level of government spending that maximises economic growth.

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Rail subsidies

Many countries offer subsidies to their railways because of the social and economic benefits that it brings.

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Rail transport

Rail transport is a means of transferring of passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, also known as tracks.

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Rajiv Memani

Rajiv Memani (born 28 January 1968) is the Chairman & Regional Managing Partner of EY India, (formerly known as Ernst & Young).

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Ramón Barquín

Ramón M. Barquín (May 12, 1914 – March 3, 2008) was a Cuban military colonel and opponent of former President Fulgencio Batista.

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Ramsay principle

"Ramsay principle" is the shorthand name given to the decision of the House of Lords in two important cases in the field of UK tax, reported in 1982.

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Rashidun Caliphate

The Rashidun Caliphate (اَلْخِلَافَةُ ٱلرَّاشِدَةُ) (632–661) was the first of the four major caliphates established after the death of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad.

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Rate of return

In finance, return is a profit on an investment.

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Rates in Hong Kong

A property tax known as "rates" has been levied in Hong Kong since 1845.

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Rationalis

A rationalis was a high-ranking fiscal officer in the Roman Empire.

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Raul Fernandez (entrepreneur)

Raul J. Fernandez (born c. 1967 in Washington, D.C.) is an American entrepreneur.

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Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton

Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton (RCGT) is a Quebec-based accounting firm, the largest independent accounting firm in Quebec with over 100 offices across Quebec, Ontario and New Brunswick.

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Readeption of Henry VI

The Readeption was the restoration of Henry VI of England to the throne of England in 1470.

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Real estate entrepreneur

A real estate entrepreneur or a real estate investor to a lesser extent is someone who actively or passively invests in real estate.

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Real estate transfer tax

Real estate transfer tax is a tax that may be imposed by states, counties, or municipalities on the privilege of transferring real property within the jurisdiction.

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Real interest rate

The real interest rate is the rate of interest an investor, saver or lender receives (or expects to receive) after allowing for inflation.

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Real Time with Bill Maher (season 6)

This is a list of episodes from the sixth season of Real Time with Bill Maher.

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Recharacterisation

Recharacterisation in law (and sometimes in accountancy) means the treatment of a certain course of conduct in a different manner to which the participants describe it.

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Recognition of same-sex unions in Switzerland

Switzerland has allowed registered partnerships for same-sex couples since 1 January 2007, after a 2005 referendum.

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Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board

The Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board was an agency of the United States federal government, which managed the Recovery.gov website and oversaw spending under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.

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Recovery of capital doctrine

In United States tax law the recovery of capital doctrine protects a portion of investment receipts from being taxed, namely the amount that was initially invested.

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Recursive economics

Recursive economics is a branch of modern economics based on a paradigm of individuals making a series of two-period optimization decisions over time.

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Redcliffe Partners

Redcliffe Partners LLC is an Ukrainian law firm that provides a range of legal services to large national enterprises, international companies, financial institutions and private investors who are conducting business or investment activities in Ukraine.

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Redistribution (cultural anthropology)

In cultural anthropology and sociology, redistribution refers to a system of economic exchange involving the centralized collection of goods from members of a group followed by the redivision of those goods among those members.

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Redistribution of income and wealth

Redistribution of income and redistribution of wealth are respectively the transfer of income and of wealth (including physical property) from some individuals to others by means of a social mechanism such as taxation, charity, welfare, public services, land reform, monetary policies, confiscation, divorce or tort law.

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Redistributive justice

Redistributive justice is the equalization of property and wealth ownership by direct political fiat.

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Referendums in Sweden

Since the introduction of parliamentarism in Sweden, six national referendums have been held.

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Reflation

Reflation is the act of stimulating the economy by increasing the money supply or by reducing taxes, seeking to bring the economy (specifically price level) back up to the long-term trend, following a dip in the business cycle.

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Reforms of Umar's era

Umar was the second muslim Caliph and reigned during 634 to 644 CE.

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Registered Cossacks

Registered Cossacks (Kozacy rejestrowi) comprised special Cossack units of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth army in the 16th and 17th centuries.

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Registered Education Savings Plan

A Registered Education Savings Plan, or RESP, is an investment vehicle available to parents in Canada to save for their children's post-secondary education.

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Registered professional accountant

The Registered Professional Accountant (RPA) is a Canadian accounting designation granted by the Society of Professional Accountants of Canada (SPAC).

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Registration fee

Registration fee is a term which refers to a sum of money required to enroll on an official register.

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Regressive tax

A regressive tax is a tax imposed in such a manner that the tax rate decreases as the amount subject to taxation increases.

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Regulated market

A regulated market (RM) or controlled market is an idealized system where the government controls the forces of supply and demand, such as who is allowed to enter the market and/or what prices may be charged.

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Regulatory competition

Regulatory competition, also called competitive governance or policy competition, is a phenomenon in law, economics and politics concerning the desire of law makers to compete with one another in the kinds of law offered in order to attract businesses or other actors to operate in their jurisdiction.

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Reichsabgabe

The Reichsabgabe was a tax on the postal traffic, levied in the German Empire during the First World War.

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Reindeer herding

Reindeer herding is when reindeer are herded by people in a limited area.

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Religious persecution during the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

During the Soviet occupation, the religious life in Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina underwent a persecution similar to the one in Russia between the two World Wars.

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Renaud de Forez

Renaud de Forez (died in Lyon October 22, 1226) was a French churchman who was Archbishop of Lyon as Renaud II (1193–1226).

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Renault 6

The Renault 6 is a small family car produced by the French automaker Renault between 1968 and 1986.

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Rent control in the United States

Rent control in the United States refers to laws or ordinances that set price controls on the renting of American residential housing.

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Repatriation tax holiday

A repatriation tax holiday is a tax holiday specifically directed towards individuals and businesses in one country who repatriate to that country income earned in other countries.

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Reproduction (economics)

In Marxian economics, economic reproduction refers to recurrent (or cyclical) processes.

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Republic of Crimea

The Republic of Crimea (or; Республика Крым, Respublika Krym, Республіка Крим, Respublika Krym, Къырым Джумхуриети, Qirim Cumhuriyeti) is a federal subject of Russia that is located on the Crimean Peninsula.

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Republic of Indian Stream

The Republic of Indian Stream or Indian Stream Republic was an unrecognized constitutional republic in North America, along the section of the border that divides the current Canadian province of Quebec from the U.S. state of New Hampshire.

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Republican Jewish Coalition

The Republican Jewish Coalition (RJC), formerly the National Jewish Coalition, founded in 1985, is a 501(c)(4) political lobbying group in the United States that promotes Jewish Republicans.

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Rescue Engineering

Rescue Engineering (RE) is an interdisciplinary bachelor's- and master's degree at the Technical University of Cologne since 2002 and at the Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (bachelor only) since 2006, this academic degree prepares for working at fire brigades, emergency medical servicees or other aid organisations.

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Research and Development Expenditure Credit

The Research and Development Expenditure Credit (RDEC), introduced in 2013, is a UK tax incentive designed to encourage large companies to invest in R&D in the UK.

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Research and Development Tax Credit

Research and Development (R&D) Tax Credits are a UK tax incentive designed to encourage companies to invest in R&D.

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Residence hall association

In the United States, a Residence Halls Association (RHA) is a student-run university residence hall club run by the Student Government Association (SGA).

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Residency (domicile)

Residency is the act of establishing or maintaining a residence in a given place.

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Resident registration

A resident register is a government database which contains information on the current residence of persons.

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Retirement Compensation Arrangements (Canada)

Retirement Compensation Arrangements (RCAs) are defined under subsection 248(1) of the Canadian Income Tax Act, which allows 100 per cent tax-deductible corporate dollars to be deposited into an RCA, on behalf of the private business owner and/or key employee.

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Retrospectively rated insurance

Retrospectively rated insurance is a type of insurance that uses retrospective rating: a method of establishing a premium on large commercial accounts.

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Return

Return may refer to.

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Reusable shopping bag

A reusable shopping bag, sometimes called bag-for-life in the UK, is a type of shopping bag which can be reused many times.

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Revenue Act of 1924

The United States Revenue Act of 1924 (June 2, 1924), also known as the Mellon tax bill cut federal tax rates and established the U.S. Board of Tax Appeals, which was later renamed the United States Tax Court in 1942.

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Revenue Act of 1926

The United States Revenue Act of 1926,, reduced inheritance and personal income taxes, cancelled many excise imposts, eliminated the gift tax and ended public access to federal income tax returns.

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Revenue and Customs Comrs v Holland

Re Paycheck Services 3 Ltd or is a UK insolvency law and company law case, concerning misfeasance.

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Revenue block

Revenue blocks, revenue circles or firka are the local revenue sub-divisions of the various districts of the states of India.

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Revenue bond

A revenue bond is a special type of municipal bond distinguished by its guarantee of repayment solely from revenues generated by a specified revenue-generating entity associated with the purpose of the bonds, rather than from a tax.

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Revenue Commissioners

The Revenue Commissioners (Na Coimisinéirí Ioncaim), usually referred to simply as Revenue, is the Irish Government agency responsible for customs, excise, taxation and related matters.

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Revenue house (disambiguation)

A revenue house is a type of multi-family residential house with specific architecture which evolved in Europe during 18-19th centuries.

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Revenue neutrality of the FairTax

The Fair Tax Act (/) is a bill in the United States Congress for changing tax laws to replace the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and all federal income taxes (including Alternative Minimum Tax), payroll taxes (including Social Security and Medicare taxes), corporate taxes, capital gains taxes, gift taxes, and estate taxes with a national retail sales tax, to be levied once at the point of purchase on all new goods and services.

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Revenue service

A revenue service, revenue agency or taxation authority is a government agency responsible for the intake of government revenue, including taxes and sometimes non-tax revenue.

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Revenue stamp

A revenue stamp, tax stamp or fiscal stamp is a (usually) adhesive label used to collect taxes or fees on documents, tobacco, alcoholic drinks, drugs and medicines, playing cards, hunting licenses, firearm registration, and many other things.

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Rhode Island Division of Commercial Licensing and Regulation

The Division of Commercial Licensing and Regulation is the division of the Rhode Island Department of Business Regulation responsible for the licensing and regulation of real estate agents, brokers and appraisers, auto body & salvage re-builder shops, auto wrecking and salvage yards, travel agencies and travel agents, upholsterers, alarm system installers, auctioneers, liquor wholesalers, breweries, wineries, salespersons (representing wholesalers) and agents (representing manufacturers and distillers), Class G (boat/airline/railroads) license holders, line-cleaners, and mobile and manufactured homes and parks.

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Richard Berman

Richard B. Berman (born 1942) is an American lawyer, public relations executive, and former lobbyist.

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Richard C. Cathcart

Richard C. Cathcart is the current house majority leader of the Delaware House of Representatives.

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Richard Denniss

Richard Denniss is the Chief Economist and former Executive Director of The Australia Institute.

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Richard Gilmour

Richard Gilmour (September 28, 1824 – April 13, 1891) was a Scottish-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Richard T. Schulze

Richard Taylor "Dick" Schulze (born August 7, 1929 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is a Republican politician who served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1975 to 1993.

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Richter LLP

Richter LLP is one of the largest independent financial consulting firms in Canada.

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Riga City Council

Riga City Council (Rīgas Dome) is the government of Riga City, the capital of Latvia.

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Right-libertarianism

Right-libertarianism (or right-wing libertarianism) refers to libertarian political philosophies that advocate negative rights, natural law and a major reversal of the modern welfare state.

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Rionegro

Rionegro is a city and municipality in Antioquia Department, Colombia, located in the subregion of Eastern Antioquia.

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Riot

A riot is a form of civil disorder commonly characterized by a group lashing out in a violent public disturbance against authority, property or people.

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Rip-off Britain

Rip-off Britain is an expression used by some to refer to the phenomenon in which some products and services cost significantly more in the United Kingdom than in other countries, especially other member states of the European Union and the United States, than a basic currency conversion would permit.

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Road surface

A road surface or pavement is the durable surface material laid down on an area intended to sustain vehicular or foot traffic, such as a road or walkway.

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Road tax

Road tax, known by various names around the world, is a tax which has to be paid on, or included with, a wheeled vehicle to use it on a public road.

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Robe, South Australia

Robe is a town and fishing port located in the Limestone Coast of South Australia.

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Robert Edward Codrington

Sir Robert Edward Codrington (6 January 1869 – 16 December 1908) was the colonial Administrator of the two territories ruled by the British South Africa Company (BSAC) which became present-day Zambia.

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Robert Garcia (California politician)

Robert Garcia (born December 2, 1977) is a Peruvian-American politician who is the current Mayor of Long Beach, California.

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Robert H. Tuttle

Robert Holmes Tuttle (born August 4, 1943) is a businessman specializing in car dealerships.

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Robert John Sholl

Robert John Sholl (16 July 1819 – 19 June 1886) was a government administrator, magistrate, explorer, newspaper editor, entrepreneur, harbourmaster, customs official, postmaster and lay reader in Western Australia (WA), during the colonial era.

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Robert M. Haig

Robert Murray Haig (1887 – 1953) was an American economist regarded as an expert in public finance and taxation.

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Robert Young (Canadian politician)

Robert Young (November 11, 1834 – February 3, 1904) was a businessman and political figure in Canada who was significant in the economic and political development of the city of Caraquet and in the province of New Brunswick.

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Robin Burgess

Robin Burgess, is a Professor of Economics, the Director of the Economic Organisation and Public Policy Programme, Co-founder and Director of the International Growth Centre, and Co-Director of the Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines (STICERD) at the London School of Economics and Political Science.

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Robin Hood effect

The Robin Hood effect is an economic occurrence where income is redistributed so that economic inequality is reduced.

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Robot Patent

The Robot Patent is an English-language scholarly term for the imperial decrees (patents) in the 1700s abolishing compulsory labor (robot) of serfs, issued by Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, who had carried out a register of all land with a division between peasant and noble holdings.

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Rodrigo Callapina

Rodrigo Sutiq Callapiña was a native Inca who successfully claimed his nobility in colonial Spanish America in 1569.

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Roger H. Gordon

Roger Hall Gordon (born September 14, 1949) is an American economist whose research deals primarily with taxation.

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Roger J. Traynor

Roger John Traynor (February 12, 1900 – May 14, 1983) served as the 23rd Chief Justice of California from 1964 to 1970, and as an Associate Justice from 1940 to 1964.

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Roger Johnson (California)

Roger Johnson (June 24, 1934 – February 21, 2005) was an American businessman and government official.

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Roger Myers

Roger Myers (born 1947) is the co-founder of Punch Taverns, one of the United Kingdom's largest chains of public houses.

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Roman villas in northwestern Gaul

Roman villas in northwestern Gaul (modern France) functioned as colonial economic centers.

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Ronald D. Bell

Ronald Dean Bell is a Canadian lawyer, specializing in petroleum tax issues.

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Ronald Reagan Presidential Library

The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Center for Public Affairs is the presidential library and final resting place of Ronald Wilson Reagan, the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989), and his wife Nancy Reagan.

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Ronda Storms

Ronda R. Storms (born Ronda Rehnell Newcomb on September 5, 1965) is an American politician representing her adopted home state of Florida.

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Ropes & Gray

Ropes & Gray LLP is a global law firm with 11 offices located in the United States, Asia and Europe.

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Rosamond Gifford Zoo

The Rosamond Gifford Zoo at Burnet Park is a zoo in Syracuse, New York.

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Rotselaar

Rotselaar is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Flemish-Brabant, near the convergence of the Demer and the Dijle.

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Royal Commission of Inquiry on Constitutional Problems

The Royal Commission of Inquiry on Constitutional Problems or Tremblay Commission was called for by the premier of Quebec, Maurice Duplessis in 1953.

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Royal fifth

The royal fifth (quinto real or quinto del rey in Spanish and Portuguese) is an old royal tax that reserves to the monarch 20% of all precious metals and other commodities (including slaves) acquired by his subjects as war loot, found as treasure or extracted by mining.

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Royal Liberty of Havering

Havering, also known as Havering-atte-Bower, was a royal manor and ancient liberty whose former area now forms part of, and gives its name to, the London Borough of Havering in Greater London.

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Royal Thai Survey Department

The Royal Thai Survey Department (กรมแผนที่ทหาร) is a Special Services Group of Headquarters, Royal Thai Armed Forces (กองบัญชาการกองทัพไทย) tasked to conduct land and aerial survey, geodesy and geophysics works in Thailand.

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Royan

Royan (in Saintongeais dialect) is a commune in the south-west of France, located in the department of Charente-Maritime (Nouvelle-Aquitaine region).

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RSM International

RSM International, branded RSM, is a multi-national network of accounting firms, forming the fifth largest accountancy professional services network in the world.

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RSM Singapore

RSM Singapore is a member of the RSM International network of independent public accounting firms providing assurance, tax and business advisory services.

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RSM Tenon

RSM Tenon was a professional services firm based in the United Kingdom, which was listed on the FTSE SmallCap Index and part of RSM Global.

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RSM UK

RSM UK is a provider of audit, tax and consulting services to middle market leaders, globally.

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RSM US

RSM US LLP is an audit, tax, and consulting firm, focused on the middle market in the United States and a member of the global accounting network RSM International.

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Rubinomics

Rubinomics, a portmanteau of Rubin and economics, was originally used to collectively describe the economic policies of President of the United States Bill Clinton.

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Rue de la Petite-Truanderie

Rue de la Petite-Truanderie (street in Little Truanderie) is an old path, in the 1st District of Paris, in France.

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Rum-running

Rum-running, or bootlegging, is the illegal business of transporting (smuggling) alcoholic beverages where such transportation is forbidden by law.

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Russ Feingold

Russell Dana Feingold (born March 2, 1953) is an American lawyer and politician from the U.S. state of Wisconsin.

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Russ Potts

H.

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Russian Club of Financial Directors

The Russian Club of Financial Directors (RCFD) is All-Russian public organization uniting the individuals who usually has to deal with the volume of cash flows and, as a rule, financial management involved in the financing of projects, large-scale investment or money management.

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Rustam Jamali

Mir Rustam Jamali (1963–2009) was the Excise and Taxation Minister of Balochistan, assassinated in August 2009.

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S. Rajendra Babu

S.

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Saaleck (Naumburg)

Saaleck is a village in the former municipality of Bad Kösen, since 2010 part of the town of Naumburg in the district of Burgenlandkreis in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt.

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Safe trade

Safe trade is a slogan advocated by Greenpeace in its desire to "green" the World Trade Organisation and the Doha Development Round.

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Saffery Champness Chartered Accountants

Saffery Champness is the 12th largest firm of chartered accountants in the UK, based on the Accountancy Age Top 50+50 Survey 2017, with a turnover of over £70 million.

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Sahle Selassie

Sahle Selassie (c. 1795 – 22 October 1847) was a Meridazmach (and later Negus) of Shewa (1813–1847), an important Amhara noble of Ethiopia.

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Saint Malo, Louisiana

Saint Malo was a small fishing village that existed in southeast Louisiana on the shore of Lake Borgne, from the mid-18th century colonial period into the early 20th century, when it was destroyed by a hurricane.

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Saint Tudwal's Islands

Saint Tudwal's Islands (Welsh: Ynysoedd Tudwal) are a small archipelago lying south of Abersoch on the Llŷn Peninsula in North Wales, at the western end of Tremadog Bay.

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Saint-Hippolyte, Haut-Rhin

Saint-Hippolyte is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

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Sakdalista

The Philippine Sakdalista movement was founded by the writer Benigno Ramos in 1930.

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Sakhalin-I

The Sakhalin-I (Сахалин-1) project, a sister project to Sakhalin-II, is a consortium for production of oil and gas on Sakhalin Island and immediately offshore.

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Saladin tithe

The Saladin tithe, or the Aid of 1188, was a tax, or more specifically a tallage, levied in England and to some extent in France in 1188, in response to the capture of Jerusalem by Saladin in 1187.

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Salary cap

In professional sports, a salary cap (or wage cap) is an agreement or rule that places a limit on the amount of money that a team can spend on players' salaries.

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Sales tax

A sales tax is a tax paid to a governing body for the sales of certain goods and services.

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Salvadoran Americans

Salvadoran Americans (salvadoreño-americanos, norteamericanos de origen salvadoreño or estadounidenses de origen salvadoreño) are Americans of full or partial Salvadoran descent.

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Sam Dubbin

Samuel J. Dubbin (born June 26, 1955) is an American lawyer, public servant, and Holocaust Survivors' rights advocate.

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Same-sex marriage in Mexico City

Same-sex marriage is legal in Mexico City —the Federal District of Mexico— having been approved by its Legislative Assembly on 21 December 2009, and signed into law by Head of Government Marcelo Ebrard on 29 December 2009.

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Samuel A'Court Ashe

Samuel A'Court Ashe (September 13, 1840 – 1938) was a Confederate infantry captain in the American Civil War and celebrated editor, historian, and North Carolina legislator.

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Santax

The Santax was a French automobile manufactured by Cyclecars Le Santax of Paris from 1920 until 1927.

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Sarawak State Legislative Assembly

The Sarawak State Legislative Assembly (Dewan Undangan Negeri Sarawak) is the state legislature of the Malaysian state of Sarawak.

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Sasanian Empire

The Sasanian Empire, also known as the Sassanian, Sasanid, Sassanid or Neo-Persian Empire (known to its inhabitants as Ērānshahr in Middle Persian), was the last period of the Persian Empire (Iran) before the rise of Islam, named after the House of Sasan, which ruled from 224 to 651 AD. The Sasanian Empire, which succeeded the Parthian Empire, was recognised as one of the leading world powers alongside its neighbouring arch-rival the Roman-Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than 400 years.Norman A. Stillman The Jews of Arab Lands pp 22 Jewish Publication Society, 1979 International Congress of Byzantine Studies Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21–26 August 2006, Volumes 1-3 pp 29. Ashgate Pub Co, 30 sep. 2006 The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I, after the fall of the Parthian Empire and the defeat of the last Arsacid king, Artabanus V. At its greatest extent, the Sasanian Empire encompassed all of today's Iran, Iraq, Eastern Arabia (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatif, Qatar, UAE), the Levant (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan), the Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Dagestan), Egypt, large parts of Turkey, much of Central Asia (Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan), Yemen and Pakistan. According to a legend, the vexilloid of the Sasanian Empire was the Derafsh Kaviani.Khaleghi-Motlagh, The Sasanian Empire during Late Antiquity is considered to have been one of Iran's most important and influential historical periods and constituted the last great Iranian empire before the Muslim conquest and the adoption of Islam. In many ways, the Sasanian period witnessed the peak of ancient Iranian civilisation. The Sasanians' cultural influence extended far beyond the empire's territorial borders, reaching as far as Western Europe, Africa, China and India. It played a prominent role in the formation of both European and Asian medieval art. Much of what later became known as Islamic culture in art, architecture, music and other subject matter was transferred from the Sasanians throughout the Muslim world.

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Satsikhistavo

The term Satsikhistavo (საციხისთავო) was used in feudal Georgia to designate a military-administrative unit which was ruled by a Tsikhistavi (a person who was appointed by the King for this position).

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Savage Inequalities

Savage Inequalities: Children in America's Schools is a book written by Jonathan Kozol in 1991 that discusses the disparities in education between schools of different classes and races.

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Savamala

Savamala (Савамала) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia.

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Savate (film)

Savate (also known as The Fighter) is a 1995 martial arts western directed by Isaac Florentine and starring Olivier Gruner, promoted as the allegedly true story of the world's first kickboxer.

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Save Italy

Save Italy is the name of the economic recovery plan Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti.

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Saving-investment balance

In economics, saving-investment balance or I-S balance is a balance of national savings and national investment, which is equal to current account.

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Savings and loan crisis

The savings and loan crisis of the 1980s and 1990s (commonly dubbed the S&L crisis) was the failure of 1,043 out of the 3,234 savings and loan associations in the United States from 1986 to 1995: the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation (FSLIC) closed or otherwise resolved 296 institutions from 1986 to 1989 and the Resolution Trust Corporation (RTC) closed or otherwise resolved 747 institutions from 1989 to 1995.

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Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban

Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, Seigneur de Vauban and later Marquis de Vauban (1 May 163330 March 1707), commonly referred to as Vauban, was a French military engineer who rose in the service to the king and was commissioned as a Marshal of France.

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Scanian Regiment

Scanian Regiment (det Skaanske regiment), was a Danish national infantry regiment 1615-1658.

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Schüttorf

Schüttorf is a town in the district of Grafschaft Bentheim in southwesternmost Lower Saxony near the Dutch border and the boundary with Westphalia (North Rhine-Westphalia).

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Schlude v. Commissioner

Schlude v. Commissioner, 372 U.S. 128 (1963), is a decision by the United States Supreme Court in which the Court held that, under the accrual method, taxpayers must include as income in a particular year advance payments by way of cash, negotiable notes, and contract installments falling due but remaining unpaid during that year.

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School district

A school district is a special-purpose district that operates local public primary and secondary schools in various nations.

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School voucher

A school voucher, also called an education voucher, in a voucher system, is a certificate of government funding for a student at a school chosen by the student or the student's parents.

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Schoolhouse Rock!

Schoolhouse Rock! is an American interstitial programming series of animated musical educational short films (and later, videos) that aired during the Saturday morning children's programming block on the U.S. television network ABC.

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Schools of economic thought

In the history of economic thought, a school of economic thought is a group of economic thinkers who share or shared a common perspective on the way economies work.

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Schout

In Dutch-speaking areas, a schout was a local official appointed to carry out administrative, law enforcement and prosecutorial tasks.

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Scottish Poor Laws

The Scottish Poor Laws were the statutes concerning poor relief passed in Scotland between 1579 and 1929.

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Scottish Social Attitudes Survey

The Scottish Social Attitudes Survey, started in 1999, is an annual survey of public opinion in Scotland, funded by the public purse.

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Scottish variable rate

The Scottish variable rate (SVR) was a mechanism which would have enabled the Scottish Government to vary (down or up) the basic rate of UK income tax by up to 3p in the pound.

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Scudo Fiscale

Scudo Fiscale (from Italian scudo /ˈskuːdəʊ/ (.

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Scutelnic

Scutelnic (also scutnic, from Romanian verb scuti, "to exempt", "to absolve"; plural: scitelnici, scutnici) were peasant servants in Wallachia and Moldova who were exempt from state taxes.

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Sea Fish Industry Authority

The Sea Fish Industry Authority (or Seafish) is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.

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Seat farm

In Scandinavia, a seat farm (Danish: sædegård; Norwegian: setegård/setegard; Swedish: sätesgård or säteri; Finnish: säteriratsutila) was a farm where a nobleman had his permanent residence.

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Seattle Department of Transportation

The Seattle Department of Transportation (SDOT) is a municipal government agency in Seattle, Washington that is responsible for the maintenance of the city's transportation systems, including roads, bridges, and public transportation.

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Second Sino-Japanese War

The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan from July 7, 1937, to September 2, 1945.

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Second United Front

The Second United Front was the alliance between the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang, or KMT) and Communist Party of China (CPC) to resist the Japanese invasion during the Second Sino-Japanese War, which suspended the Chinese Civil War from 1937 to 1941.

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Section 81 of the Constitution of Australia

Section 81 of the Constitution of Australia creates a "consolidated revenue fund", money collected by the Commonwealth through taxation and other levies.

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Security deposit

A security deposit is a sum of money held in trust either as an initial part-payment in a purchasing process (often used to prevent the seller selling an item to someone else during an agreed period of time while the buyer verifies the suitability of the item, or arranges finance) - also known as an earnest payment, or else, in the course of a rental agreement to ensure the property owner against default by the tenant and for the cost of repair in relation to any damage explicitly specified in the lease and that did in fact occur.

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Security interest

A security interest is a legal right granted by a debtor to a creditor over the debtor's property (usually referred to as the collateral) which enables the creditor to have recourse to the property if the debtor defaults in making payment or otherwise performing the secured obligations.

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Seed (upcoming video game)

Seed is an upcoming massively multiplayer sandbox simulation video game in development by Klang Games, which began initial production in October 2016.

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Seigniorage

Seigniorage, also spelled seignorage or seigneurage (from Old French seigneuriage "right of the lord (seigneur) to mint money"), is the difference between the value of money and the cost to produce and distribute it.

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Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

The general sejm (sejm walny, also translated as the full or ordinary sejm) was the bicameral parliament of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Select Vestries Bill

A bill for the better regulating of Select Vestries, usually referred to as the Select Vestries Bill, is customarily the first bill introduced and debated in the United Kingdom's House of Lords at the start of each session of Parliament.

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Self-fulfilling crisis

Self-fulfilling crisis refers to a situation that a financial crisis is not directly caused by the unhealthy economic fundamental conditions or improper government policies, but a consequence of pessimistic expectations of investors.

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Self-insurance

Self-insurance describes a situation in which a person does not take out any third party insurance.

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Self-Sufficiency Project

The Self-Sufficiency Project was a Canadian experiment in the 1990s that provided a "generous, time-limited earnings supplement available to single parents who had been on welfare for a least a year, and who subsequently left welfare and found full-time work." The study found that individuals offered a SSP subsidy were four percent more likely to stay on welfare to receive the benefit, but once people qualified for the SSP supplement, 44% left welfare dependence and were employed full-time—defined as working at least 30 hours a week.

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Semerkhet

Semerkhet is the Horus name of an early Egyptian king who ruled during the first dynasty.

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Serbian Empire

The Serbian Empire (Српско царство/Srpsko carstvo) is a historiographical term for the empire in the Balkan peninsula that emerged from the medieval Serbian Kingdom.

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Serbian Revolution

The Serbian Revolution was a national uprising and constitutional change in Serbia that took place between 1804 and 1835, during which this territory evolved from an Ottoman province into a rebel territory, a constitutional monarchy and modern Serbia.

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Seretse Khama

Sir Seretse Goitsebeng Maphiri Khama, GCB, KBE (1 July 1921 – 13 July 1980) was the first President of Botswana, in office from 1966 to 1980.

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Serfdom

Serfdom is the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism.

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Serfdom in Russia

The term serf, in the sense of an unfree peasant of the Russian Empire, is the usual translation of krepostnoi krestyanin (крепостной крестьянин).

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Serge Crasnianski

Serge Crasnianski (born 3 July 1942) is a French entrepreneur who founded in 1963 the Grenoble based Key Independent System (KIS).

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Sermo Lupi ad Anglos

The Sermo Lupi ad Anglos ('The Sermon of the Wolf to the English') is the title given to a homily composed in England between 1010-1016 by Wulfstan II, Archbishop of York (died 1023), who commonly styled himself Lupus, or 'wolf' after the first element in his name.

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Sermon on the Mound

The Sermon on the Mound is the name given by the Scottish press to an address made by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland on 21 May 1988.

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Seven Kingdoms (video game)

Seven Kingdoms is a real-time strategy (RTS) computer game developed by Trevor Chan of Enlight Software.

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Seventh-Kilometer Market

The Seventh-Kilometer Market (Промрынок 7ой километр, Promrynok 7oi Kilometr; Ринок «Сьомий кілометр», Rynok Syomyi Kilometr), informally known as Tolchok Толчок, or Tolkuchka толкучка (Russian for shove, shoving), is an outdoor market outside of Odessa, Ukraine.

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Severn Barrage

The Severn Barrage refers to a range of ideas for building a barrage from the English coast to the Welsh coast over the Severn tidal estuary.

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SG&A

SG&A (alternately SGA, SAG or SGNA) is an initialism used in accounting to refer to Selling, General and Administrative Expenses, which is a major non-production cost presented in an income statement (statement of profit or loss).

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Shang Yang

Shang Yang, or Wei YangAntonio S. Cua (ed.), 2003, p. 362, Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy (born with the surname Gongsun in Wey, Zhou Kingdom; c. 390 – 338 BCE), was a statesman and reformer of the State of Qin during the Warring States period of ancient China.

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Share (finance)

In financial markets, a share is a unit used as mutual funds, limited partnerships, and real estate investment trusts.

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Share taxi

A share taxi (also called shared taxi) is a mode of transport which falls between a taxicab and a bus.

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Shareholders' agreement

A shareholders' agreement (sometimes referred to in the U.S. as a stockholders' agreement) (SHA) is an agreement amongst the shareholders or members of a company.

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Shelley Berkley

Rochelle "Shelley" Berkley (born Rochelle Levine; January 20, 1951) was the U.S. Representative for, serving from 1999 to 2013.

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Sheriffs of the City of London

Two Sheriffs are elected annually for the City of London by the Liverymen of the City Livery Companies.

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Ship money

Ship money was a tax of medieval origin levied intermittently in the Kingdom of England until the middle of the 17th century.

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Shivappa Nayaka

Shivappa Nayaka (ಶಿವಪ್ಪ ನಾಯಕ) (r.1645–1660), popularly known as Keladi Shivappa Nayaka, was a notable ruler of the Keladi Nayaka Kingdom.

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Shock (economics)

In economics, a shock is an unexpected or unpredictable event that affects an economy, either positively or negatively.

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Shopping bag

Shopping bags are medium-sized bags, typically around 10–20 litres (2.5–5 gallons) in volume (though much larger versions exist, especially for non-grocery shopping), that are used by shoppers to carry home their purchases.

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Shtadlan

A shtadlan (שְׁתַדְּלָן,; שתּדלן) was an intercessor for a local European Jewish community.

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Shuja ul-Mulk

His Highness Sir Shuja ul-Mulk KCIE, CIE (1 January 1881 – 12 October 1936) was the Mehtar (from مهتر) of the princely state of Chitral and reigned it for 41 years until his death in 1936.

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Sibyl de Neufmarché

Sibyl de Neufmarché, Countess of Hereford, suo jure Lady of Brecknock (c. 1100 – after 1143), was a Cambro-Norman noblewoman, heiress to one of the most substantial fiefs in the Welsh Marches.

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Sicilian Baroque

Sicilian Baroque is the distinctive form of Baroque architecture which evolved on the island of Sicily, off the southern coast of Italy, in the 17th and 18th centuries, when it was part of the Spanish Empire.

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Sid Spindler

Siegfried Emil "Sid" Spindler (9 July 19321 March 2008) was an Australian politician who served as a Senator for Victoria from 1990 to 1996, representing the Australian Democrats.

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Sidewalk

A sidewalk (American English) or pavement (British English), also known as a footpath or footway, is a path along the side of a road.

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Sierra Leone Ministry of Finance and Economic Development

Sierra Leone Ministry of Finance and Economic Development is a Ministerial department of the Government of Sierra Leone, and is in charge of managing the revenue and finances of the Sierra Leone government.

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Sigma Alpha Rho

Sigma Alpha Rho (ΣΑΡ) is the oldest, continuously run, independent Jewish high school fraternity, founded on November 18, 1917 by 11 young men in West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

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SimCity

SimCity is an open-ended city-building video game series originally designed by Will Wright.

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SimCity (1989 video game)

SimCity, later renamed SimCity Classic, is a city-building simulation video game, released on February 2, 1989, and designed by Will Wright for the Macintosh computer.

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Simulation

Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system.

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Single-entry bookkeeping system

A single-entry bookkeeping system or single-entry accounting system is a method of bookkeeping relying on a one sided accounting entry to maintain financial information.

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Single-issue politics

Single-issue politics involves political campaigning or political support based on one essential policy area or idea.

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Single-payer healthcare

Single-payer healthcare is a healthcare system financed by taxes that covers the costs of essential healthcare for all residents, with costs covered by a single public system (hence 'single-payer').

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Sittas

Sittas (Σίττας; died 538) was a Byzantine military commander during the reign of Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565).

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Situs (law)

In law, the situs (pronounced) (Latin for position or site) of property is where the property is treated as being located for legal purposes.

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Six Ministries of Joseon

The Six Ministries of Joseon were the major executive bodies of the Korean Joseon Dynasty.

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SJD Accountancy

SJD Accountancy is a UK-based accountancy firm that provides accountancy services to contractors with private limited companies.

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SKAT (tax agency)

SKAT (Tax) is the name of the Danish tax authority.

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Skåne Market

The Skåne Market or Scania market (Danish Skånemarkedet, Swedish Skånemarknaden) was a major fish market for herring which took place annually in Scania during the Middle Ages.

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Skimming (casinos)

Skimming refers to the illegal transfer of funds from casinos to outside personnel without official documentation.

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Slavery

Slavery is any system in which principles of property law are applied to people, allowing individuals to own, buy and sell other individuals, as a de jure form of property.

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Slottslän

Slottslän (linnalääni) was an administrative division in Sweden and Finland (formerly part of Sweden) from late 13th century to 1634.

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Slovene Peasant Revolt

The Slovene Peasant Revolt (Windischer Bauernbund, slovenski kmečki upor) took place in 1515 and was the largest peasant revolt in the Slovene Lands.

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Small business

Small businesses are privately owned corporations, partnerships, or sole proprietorships that have fewer employees and/or less annual revenue than a regular-sized business or corporation.

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Smallburgh

Smallburgh is a village and a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk.

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SMART Business Advisory and Consulting

SMART Business Advisory and Consulting, LLC was a consulting company that served clients throughout the U.S. and globally.

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Smith & Williamson

Smith & Williamson is a United Kingdom financial and professional services firm.

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Smitham

Smitham is the small lumps of ore which free miners scavenged because they were exempt from payment of lot and cope duties.

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SMK Bhakti Anindya

SMK Bhakti Anindya vocational school is a vocational high school in Tangerang Municipality.

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Snuff (tobacco)

Snuff is a smokeless tobacco made from ground or pulverised tobacco leaves.

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Soapbox

A soapbox is a raised platform on which one stands to make an impromptu speech, often about a political subject.

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Social class in Tibet

There were three main social groups in Tibet prior to 1959, namely ordinary laypeople (mi ser in Tibetan), lay nobility (sger pa), and monks.

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Social insurance

Social insurance is any government-sponsored program with the following four characteristics.

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Social justice

Social justice is a concept of fair and just relations between the individual and society.

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Social security

Social security is "any government system that provides monetary assistance to people with an inadequate or no income." Social security is enshrined in Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.

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Socialism

Socialism is a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.

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Socialized medicine

Socialized medicine is a term used in the United States to describe and discuss systems of universal health care: medical and hospital care for all at a nominal cost by means of government regulation of health care and subsidies derived from taxation.

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Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco

The Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SRNT) is an international organization that studies and shares research on nicotine and tobacco use from a public health and scientific perspective.

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Soft costs

Soft Cost is a construction industry term but more specifically a contractor accounting term for an expense item that is not considered direct construction cost.

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Soft drink

A soft drink (see terminology for other names) typically contains carbonated water (although some lemonades are not carbonated), a sweetener, and a natural or artificial flavoring.

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Soft tyranny

Soft tyranny is an idea first coined by Alexis de Tocqueville in his 1835 work titled Democracy in America.

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Sokoľany

Sokoľany is a village and municipality in Košice-okolie District in the Košice Region of eastern Slovakia.

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SolGold

SolGold (formerly Solomon Gold) is an Australian gold and copper mining company which is listed on the Toronto stock exchange and London stock exchange.

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Solid sorbents for carbon capture

Solid sorbents for carbon capture include a diverse range of porous, solid-phase materials, including mesoporous silicas, zeolites and metal-organic frameworks.

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Sonic Underground

Sonic Underground is an animated series co-produced by TF1, DiC Entertainment (which was owned by Disney at the time) and Les Studios Tex.

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Souk Erbaa (Tunis)

Souk Erbaa (سوق الربع) is one of the souks in the medina of Tunis.

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Source text

A source text is a text (sometimes oral) from which information or ideas are derived.

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South African Breweries

South African Breweries (officially The South African Breweries Limited, informally SAB) is a major brewery headquartered in Johannesburg, South Africa and was a wholly owned subsidiary of SABMiller until its interests were sold to Anheuser-Busch InBev on 10 October 2016.

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South African Institute of Chartered Accountants

The South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA), is a professional accountancy body in South Africa.

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South African Institute of Professional Accountants

The South African Institute of Professional Accountants (SAIPA) is a professional association of accountants based in South Africa.

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South African Revenue Service

The South African Revenue Service (SARS) is the revenue service (tax-collecting agency) of the South African government.

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South Island

The South Island (Māori: Te Waipounamu) is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand, the other being the smaller but more populous North Island.

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Sovereign citizen movement

The sovereign citizen movement is a loose grouping of American, Canadian and Australian litigants, commentators, tax protesters, and financial-scheme promoters.

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Sovereign Group

Sovereign Group is a Gibraltar-based corporate services company established in 1987.

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Spanish autonomous communities funding system

Spanish autonomous communities funding system is the set of funds that each Spanish autonomous community administration is given to exert their competencies as the Spanish Constitution of 1978 obliges (article 156.1), following the solidarity principle (usually called as interterritorial solidarity) and being coordinated by the Ministry of the Treasury.

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Spanish nobility

Spanish nobles are persons who possess the legal status of hereditary nobility according to the laws and traditions of the Spanish monarchy and those who hold personal nobility as bestowed by one of the two highest orders of knighthood of the Kingdom, namely the Order of Charles III and the Order of Isabella the Catholic.

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Spanish Tax Agency

The Agencia Estatal de Administración Tributaria (AEAT), commonly known as Agencia Tributaria is the revenue service of the Kingdom of Spain.

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Spanish tax reform of 1845

The Spanish tax reform of 1845 (approved in 1844) made major changes to the tax system of Spain, and established the basis for a system that continues to this day.

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Special assessment tax

Special assessment is the term used in the United States to designate a unique charge that government units can assess against real estate parcels for certain public projects.

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Special economic zone

A special economic zone (SEZ) is an area in which business and trade laws are different from the rest of the country.

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Special Needs Tax Credit

Special Needs Tax Credit is a proposed addition to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service tax code, which would enable a $5,000 refundable tax credit to reimburse family members of adults with special needs and seniors with dementia for the legal expenses of guardianship for their loved ones.

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Special needs trust

A special needs trust, also known in some jurisdictions as a supplemental needs trust, is a specialized trust that allows the disabled beneficiary to enjoy the use of property that is held in the trust for his or her benefit, while at the same time allowing the beneficiary to receive essential needs-based government benefits.

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Special stage (rallying)

A special stage (SS) is a section of closed road at a stage rallying event.

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Special-purpose entity

A special-purpose entity (SPE; or, in Europe and India, special-purpose vehicle/SPV, or, in some cases in each EU jurisdiction – FVC, financial vehicle corporation) is a legal entity (usually a limited company of some type or, sometimes, a limited partnership) created to fulfill narrow, specific or temporary objectives.

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Specialist law enforcement agency

A specialist law enforcement agency is a law enforcement agency which specialises in the types of laws it enforces, or types of activities it undertakes, or geography it enforces laws in, or these in combination.

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Specific identification (inventories)

Specific identification is a method of finding out ending inventory cost.

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Split-single

The split-single (Doppelkolbenmotor to its German and Austrian manufacturers), is a variant on the two-stroke engine with two cylinders sharing a single combustion chamber.

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Sporza

Sporza is a multimedia brand of Belgian radio and television network VRT specifically for coverage of sporting events.

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Spot zoning

Spot zoning is the application of zoning to a specific parcel or parcels of land within a larger zoned area when the rezoning is usually at odds with a city's master plan and current zoning restrictions.

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Sprott School of Business

The Sprott School of Business is a faculty of Carleton University in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

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Squatting in England and Wales

Squatting in England and Wales usually refers to a person who is not the owner, taking possession of land or an empty house.

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Srinivas Ayyadevara

Srinivas Ayyadevara (తెలుగు: శ్రీనివాస్ అయ్యదేవర) is a chartered accountant by profession and specialist in Taxation and Corporate Law.

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Stamenti

The Stamenti was the parliament of Sardinia, consisting of representatives of the three estates of the realm.

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Stamp Duties Act 1783

The Stamp Duties Act of 1783 (23 Geo.III c.67) was passed by the House of Commons of Great Britain in order to raise money to pay for the American War of Independence.

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Standard 52-card deck

A deck of French playing cards is the most common deck of playing cards used today.

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Staple right

The staple right, also translated stacking right or storage right, both from the Dutch stapelrecht, was a medieval right accorded to certain ports, the staple ports.

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State Administration of Taxation

The State Administration of Taxation (SAT, Chinese: 国家税务总局) is a ministerial-level department within the government of the People's Republic of China.

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State Administrative Tribunal of Western Australia

The State Administrative Tribunal (SAT) was established in Western Australia in 2005 as an independent body that makes and reviews a range of administrative decisions.

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State aid for libraries

State aid for libraries (also known as state aid for public libraries, state aid, direct aid or state funding) is funding provided to public libraries by state governments in the United States.

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State Board of Equalization (California)

The State Board of Equalization (BOE) is a public agency charged with tax administration and fee collection in the state of California in the United States.

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State Finance Commission (Kerala)

State Finance Commission is the Constitutional body of experts on public finance and public administration appointed by each state government at regular intervals of five years under the article 243I of the Constitution to review and revise the financial position of panchayat raj institutions and urban local governments.

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State General Budget

The State General Budget (PGE) (Spanish: Presupuestos Generales del Estado) comprises the spending and revenues of the Spanish central government.

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State government

A state government is the government of a country subdivision in a federal form of government, which shares political power with the federal or national government.

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State of World Liberty Index

The State of World Liberty Index was a ranking of countries according to the degree of economic and personal freedoms that their citizens enjoy.

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State school

State schools (also known as public schools outside England and Wales)In England and Wales, some independent schools for 13- to 18-year-olds are known as 'public schools'.

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State Secretariat for International Financial Matters

The State Secretariat for International Financial Matters (SIF; French: Secrétariat d'État aux questions financières internationales, German Staatssekretariat für internationale Finanzfragen, Italian Segreteria di Stato per le questioni finanziarie internazionali, Romansh Secretariat da stadi per dumondas finanzialas internaziunalas) is an administrative unit of the Swiss Confederation.

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State unemployment tax act

Taxes under State Unemployment Tax Act (or SUTA) are those designed to finance the cost of state unemployment insurance benefits in the United States, which make up all of unemployment insurance expenditures in normal times, and the majority of unemployment insurance expenditures during downturns, with the remainder paid in part by the federal government for "emergency" benefit extensions.

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State's Direct Financial Interest

State's Direct Financial Interest (SDFI) (Norwegian: Statens direkte økonomiske engasjement (SDØE)) is a portfolio of the Norwegian government's directly owned exploration and production licenses for petroleum and natural gas on the Norwegian continental shelf.

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Statute of Sicily

The Statute of Sicily establishes the rule of Sicily as the Autonomous Region within the political unity of the Italian State and was issued by King Umberto II of Savoy, on 15 May 1946.

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Statute of Westminster 1472

The Statute of Westminster 1472 was an Act of Edward IV of England requiring a tax of four bow staves per tun of cargo to be provided by each ship arriving at an English Port.

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Stealth tax

A stealth tax is a tax levied in such a way that is largely unnoticed, or not recognized as a tax.

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Stepan Razin

Stepan Timofeyevich Razin (Степа́н Тимофе́евич Ра́зин,; 1630 –), known as Stenka Razin (Стенька), was a Cossack leader who led a major uprising against the nobility and tsarist bureaucracy in southern Russia in 1670-1671.

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Stepney, South Australia

Stepney is a small triangular near-city suburb of Adelaide within the City of Norwood Payneham & St Peters.

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Steven Woolfe

Steven Marcus Woolfe (born 6 October 1967) is an English politician, who has served as a Member of the European Parliament for the North West England region since the 2014 European election.

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Stig Anderson

Stig Erik Leopold Anderson (25 January 1931 – 12 September 1997) better known as Stikkan Anderson, was a Swedish entrepreneur, music manager, music executive, lyricist, music publisher and actor who was the co-founder of Polar Music, and best known for managing the Swedish pop band ABBA.

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Stig von Bahr

Stig von Bahr (born 26 June 1939) is a Swedish jurist and former judge at the European Court of Justice.

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Stock obsolescence

Obsolete stock or stock obsolescence calculations are done by companies to determine how much of their inventory (stock) on hand is unlikely to be used in the future.

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Stock trader

A stock trader or equity trader or share trader is a person or company involved in trading equity securities.

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Stockholm congestion tax

The Stockholm congestion tax (Trängselskatt i Stockholm), also referred to as the Stockholm congestion charge, is a congestion pricing system implemented as a tax levied on most vehicles entering and exiting central Stockholm, Sweden.

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Stodir

Stodir (Stoðir, FL Group prior to 4 June 2008) is an international investment company, headquartered in Reykjavík, Iceland with offices in London.

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Stowe Recreation Path

The Stowe Recreation Path, also called the Stowe Bike Path, is a greenway located in Stowe, Vermont, United States The recreation trail was built in two phases, 1981–84 and 1986–89, at a total cost of US$680,000.

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Streltsy Department

Streltsy Department or Streletsky Prikaz (Стрелецкий приказ in Russian) was one of the main governmental bodies in Russia in 16th and 17th centuries.

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Streynsham Master

Sir Streynsham Master (28 October 1640 – 28 April 1724) was one of the 17th century pioneers of the English East India Company.

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Structural adjustment loan

Structural adjustment loan (SAL) is a type of loan to developing countries.

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Studentship

A Studentship is a type of academic scholarship.

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Subanon people

Subanon (also spelled Subanen or Subanun) is a tribe indigenous to the Zamboanga peninsula area, particularly living in the mountainous areas of Zamboanga del Sur and Misamis Occidental, Mindanao Island, Philippines.

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Subaru Pleo

The Subaru Pleo is a kei car made by the Japanese automaker Subaru since 1998.

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Subdivisions of Switzerland

The Swiss Confederation consists of the 26 cantons of Switzerland.

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Subsidiary

A subsidiary, subsidiary company or daughter company"daughter company.

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Subsidy roll

Subsidy Rolls are records of taxation in England made between the 12th and 17th centuries.

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Substantial shareholdings exemption

The substantial shareholdings exemption is an exemption from assessment of capital gains under corporation tax applicable to United Kingdom companies.

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Sue Johnston

Sue Johnston, OBE (née Wright; born 7 December 1943) is an English actress known for playing Sheila Grant in the Channel 4 soap opera Brookside (1982–1990), Barbara Royle in the BBC comedy The Royle Family (1998–2012), Grace Foley in the BBC drama Waking the Dead (2000–2011), Gloria Price in the ITV soap opera Coronation Street (2012–2014) and Miss Denker in the ITV drama Downton Abbey (2014–2015).

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Suffrage

Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise is the right to vote in public, political elections (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote).

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Sugary drink tax

A sugary drink tax or soda tax is a tax or surcharge designed to reduce consumption of drinks with added sugar.

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Sunda Kingdom

The Sunda Kingdom (Sundanese: Karajaan Sunda) was a Sundanese Hindu kingdom located in the western portion of the island of Java from 669 to around 1579, covering the area of present-day Banten, Jakarta, West Java, and the western part of Central Java.

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Sunt Förnuft

Sunt Förnuft (meaning Common Sense in English) is a Swedish language finance magazine published in Stockholm, Sweden, and owned by the Swedish Taxpayers Association.

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Superintendencia Nacional de Administración Tributaria

Superintendencia Nacional de Aduanas y de Administración Tributaria, also known as SUNAT, is the organization which enforces customs and taxation in Peru.

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Superior Court of the District of Columbia

The Superior Court of the District of Columbia, commonly referred to as DC Superior Court, is the trial court for the District of Columbia.

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Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOCS1 gene.

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Surety bond

A surety bond or surety is a promise by a surety or guarantor to pay one party (the obligee) a certain amount if a second party (the principal) fails to meet some obligation, such as fulfilling the terms of a contract.

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Suriname

Suriname (also spelled Surinam), officially known as the Republic of Suriname (Republiek Suriname), is a sovereign state on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America.

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Surplus product

Surplus product (German: Mehrprodukt) is an economic concept explicitly theorised by Karl Marx in his critique of political economy.

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Surplus value

Surplus value is a central concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy.

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Susan Martin

Susan Work Martin (born October 24, 1950) is an American academic administrator who was most recently the interim president of San José State University.

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Suvisaaristo

Suvisaaristo (Finnish) or Sommaröarna (Swedish) is a maritime district in Espoo, Finland, districts number 451 and 452, and an archipelago in the Gulf of Finland, directly in front of a peninsula in Soukka, in the southwestern corner of Espoo.

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Swains Island

Swains Island (Samoan: Olosega; Tokelauan: Olohega) is an atoll in the Tokelau chain.

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Swedish F-tax certificate

F-tax is a Swedish tax paid by a self-employed person.

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Swedish general election, 1982

General elections were held in Sweden on 19 September 1982.

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Swedish Tax Agency

The Swedish Tax Agency (Skatteverket) is a government agency in Sweden responsible for national tax collection and administering the population registration.

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Swiss Taxpayers Federation

The Swiss Taxpayers Federation (Bund der Steuerzahler (BdS)) is an association established in 1995.

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Sy Schulman

Seymour Jerome Schulman (May 31, 1926 – September 1, 2012) was an American civil engineer, planner, politician and academic.

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Syros

Syros (Σύρος), or Siros or Syra is a Greek island in the Cyclades, in the Aegean Sea.

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T word

The "t" word is a euphemism generally used to replace a word starting with the letter t. The word in question may be.

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Tabasco (former state)

Tabasco or Tavasco was a Chontal Maya Nation in the westernmost area of the Maya region.

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Tables of European biogas utilisation

The following tables outline the utilization of biogas in the European Union as of 2006.

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Taille

The taille was a direct land tax on the French peasantry and non-nobles in Ancien Régime France.

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Taiwan High Speed Rail

Taiwan High Speed Rail (abbreviated THSR or HSR) is a high-speed rail line that runs approximately, along the west coast of Taiwan, from the capital Taipei to the southern city of Kaohsiung.

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Takeover

In business, a takeover is the purchase of one company (the target) by another (the acquirer, or bidder).

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Tallage

Tallage or talliage (from the French tailler, i.e. a part cut out of the whole) may have signified at first any tax, but became in England and France a land use or land tenure tax.

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Taloustaito

Taloustaito is a Finnish language monthly financial and business magazine published in Helsinki, Finland.

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Tamaulipas Institute of Higher Education

The Tamaulipas Institute of Higher Education (Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Tamaulipas), or IEST for its acronym in Spanish, is a private university in Altamira, Tamaulipas, Mexico founded in 1974.

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Tamil Eelam

Tamil Eelam (தமிழீழம் tamiḻ īḻam, generally rendered outside Tamil-speaking areas as தமிழ் ஈழம்) is a proposed independent state that Tamils in Sri Lanka and the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora aspire to create in the north and east of Sri Lanka.

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Tang Liang Hong

Tang Liang Hong (born 1935) is a politician and lawyer from Singapore.

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Tano Tijerina

Tano Eduardo Tijerina (born June 23, 1974) is a rancher and businessman from his native Laredo, Texas, who is the County Judge of Webb County in South Texas, United States.

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Tanzi effect

The Tanzi effect is an economic situation involving a period of high inflation in a country which results in a decline in the volume of tax collection and a deterioration of real tax proceeds being collected by the government of that country.

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Tare weight

Tare weight, sometimes called unladen weight, is the weight of an empty vehicle or container.

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Tarnovo Constitution

The Tarnovo Constitution (in Bulgarian: Търновска конституция) was the first constitution of Bulgaria.

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Tasker Cook

Sir Tasker Keech Cook (June 30, 1867 - September 25, 1937) was a politician in the dominion of Newfoundland, who served as mayor of St. John's from 1921 to 1929.

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Tax

A tax (from the Latin taxo) is a mandatory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed upon a taxpayer (an individual or other legal entity) by a governmental organization in order to fund various public expenditures.

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Tax accounting in the United States

U.S. tax accounting refers to accounting for tax purposes in the United States.

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Tax advantage

Tax advantage refers to the economic bonus which applies to certain accounts or investments that are, by statute, tax-reduced, tax-deferred, or tax-free.

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Tax Analysts

Tax Analysts is a nonprofit publisher of weekly magazines and daily online journals on tax policy and administration.

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Tax Attractiveness Index

The Tax Attractiveness Index (T.A.X.) indicates the attractiveness of a country’s tax environment and the possibilities of tax planning for companies.

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Tax avoidance

Tax avoidance is the legal usage of the tax regime in a single territory to one's own advantage to reduce the amount of tax that is payable by means that are within the law.

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Tax benefits of debt

In the context of corporate finance, the tax benefits of debt or tax advantage of debt refers to the fact that from a tax perspective it is cheaper for firms and investors to finance with debt than with equity.

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Tax competition

Tax competition, a form of regulatory competition, exists when governments are encouraged to lower fiscal burdens to either encourage the inflow of productive resources or discourage the exodus of those resources.

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Tax compliance software

Tax compliance software is software that ensures tax compliance for income tax, corporate tax, VAT, service tax, customs, sales tax, use tax, or other taxes its users may be required to pay.

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Tax court

Tax courts are courts of limited jurisdiction that deal with tax issues.

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Tax Court of Canada

The Tax Court of Canada (TCC; Cour canadienne de l'impôt), established in 1983 by the Tax Court of Canada Act, is a federal superior court which deals with matters involving companies or individuals and tax issues with the Government of Canada.

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Tax credit overpayment

In the tax law of the United Kingdom, tax credit overpayment occurs when a claimant has received more Working Tax Credit (WTC) or Child Tax Credit (CTC) than HMRC’s final end of year calculations awards them.

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Tax cut

A tax cut is a reduction in the rate of tax charged by a government.

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Tax deduction

Tax deduction is a reduction of income that is able to be taxed and is commonly a result of expenses, particularly those incurred to produce additional income.

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Tax deferral

Tax deferral refers to instances where a taxpayer can delay paying taxes to some future period.

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Tax efficiency

A financial process is said to be tax efficient if it is taxed at a lower rate than an alternative financial process that achieves the same end.

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Tax evasion

Tax evasion is the illegal evasion of taxes by individuals, corporations, and trusts.

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Tax harmonization

Tax harmonization is generally understood as a process of adjusting tax systems of different jurisdictions in the pursuit of a common policy objective.

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Tax in kind

Tax in kind or tax-in-kind usually refers to any taxation that is paid in kind, that is with goods or services rather than money, including.

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Tax incidence

In economics, tax incidence or tax burden is the analysis of the effect of a particular tax on the distribution of economic welfare.

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Tax investigation

Tax investigation is an in-depth investigation processed by a tax authority in order to recover tax undercharged in previous years of assessment.

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Tax law

Tax law is an area of legal study dealing with the constitutional, common-law, statutory, tax treaty, and regulatory rules that constitute the law applicable to taxation.

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Tax lien

A tax lien is a lien imposed by law upon a property to secure the payment of taxes.

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Tax noncompliance

Tax noncompliance is a range of activities that are unfavorable to a state's tax system.

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Tax on cash withdrawal

Tax on cash withdrawal is a form of advance taxation and is a strategy to keep tax evasion in check.

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Tax on trees

Tax on trees was a tax imposed in USSR in 1944 on fruit trees.

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Tax patent

This is the earliest patent currently classified by the USPTO in 705/36T --> A tax patent is a patent that discloses and claims a system or method for reducing or deferring taxes.

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Tax policy

Tax policy is the choice by a government as to what taxes to levy, in what amounts, and on whom.

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Tax preparation in the United States

Tax preparation is the process of preparing tax returns, often income tax returns, often for a person other than the taxpayer, and generally for compensation.

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Tax protester history in the United States

A tax protester, in the United States, is a person who denies that he or she owes a tax based on the belief that the Constitution, statutes, or regulations do not empower the government to impose, assess or collect the tax.

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Tax rate

In a tax system, the tax rate is the ratio (usually expressed as a percentage) at which a business or person is taxed.

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Tax reform

Tax reform is the process of changing the way taxes are collected or managed by the government and is usually undertaken to improve tax administration or to provide economic or social benefits.

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Tax refund

A tax refund or tax rebate is a refund on taxes when the tax liability is less than the taxes paid.

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Tax resistance

Tax resistance is the refusal to pay tax because of opposition to the government that is imposing the tax, or to government policy, or as opposition to taxation in itself.

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Tax return

A tax form is a blank document or template supplied by a government for use in the reporting of tax information to the government or to potential taxpayers.

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Tax return (Australia)

Australian tax returns for the tax year beginning 1 July and ending 30 June of the following year are generally due on 31 October after the end of the tax year.

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Tax return (United Kingdom)

In the United Kingdom, a tax return is a document that must be filed with the HM Revenue & Customs declaring liability for taxation.

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Tax return (United States)

Tax returns in the United States are reports filed with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or with the state or local tax collection agency (California Franchise Tax Board, for example) containing information used to calculate income tax or other taxes.

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Tax revenue

Tax revenue is the income that is gained by governments through taxation.

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Tax shift

Tax shift or Tax swap is a change in taxation that eliminates or reduces one or several taxes and establishes or increases others while keeping the overall revenue the same.

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Tax uncertainty

Tax uncertainty is the term for the economic risk that results when future taxes and tax rates are undetermined.

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Tax wedge

The tax wedge is the deviation from the equilibrium price/quantity (P^* and Q^*, respectively) as a result of the taxation of a good.

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Tax-allocation district

A tax-allocation district (TAD), also known as tax increment financing, is a defined area where real estate property tax monies gathered above a certain threshold for a certain period of time (typically 25 years) to be used a specified improvement.

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Tax-Free Savings Account

The Tax-Free Savings Account (TFSA, Compte d'épargne libre d'impôt or CÉLI) is an account available in Canada and South Africa that provides tax benefits for saving.

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Taxable income

Taxable income refers to the base upon which an income tax system imposes tax.

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Taxable wages

Taxable Wages, in payroll, is the sum of all earnings by an employee that are eligible for a particular type of tax.

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Taxand

Taxand is a global organisation of tax advisory firms.

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Taxation (magazine)

Taxation is an English-language weekly magazine for professional UK tax advisors.

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Taxation as slavery

Taxation as slavery is the belief that taxation results in an unfree society in which individuals are forced to work to enrich the government and the recipients of largesse, rather than for their own benefit.

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Taxation in Australia

There are many forms of taxation in Australia.

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Taxation in Azerbaijan

The tax legislation of Azerbaijan is comprised by the Constitution of Azerbaijan Republic, the Tax Code and legal standards which are adopted herewith.

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Taxation in Bhutan

Taxation in Bhutan is conducted by the national government and by its subsidiary local governments.

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Taxation in Brazil

The taxation system in Brazil is complex, with over sixty forms of tax.

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Taxation in China

Taxes provide the most important revenue source for the Government of the People's Republic of China.

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Taxation in Colombia

Taxation in Colombia is determined by the Congress of Colombia, every Department Assembly and every City Council, which determine what kind of taxes can be levied and which rates can be applied.

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Taxation in France

Taxation in France is determined by the yearly budget vote by the French Parliament, which determines which kinds of taxes can be levied and which rates can be applied.

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Taxation in Germany

Taxes in Germany are levied by the federal government (Bund), the states (Länder) as well as the municipalities (Städte/Gemeinden).

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Taxation in Greenland

Taxation in Greenland has differed from the taxes in Denmark since the grant of home rule in 1979.

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Taxation in Iran

The fiscal year begins on March 21 and ends on March 20 of the next year according to Iranian calendar.

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Taxation in Kazakhstan

The main legal act establishing and regulating taxation in Kazakhstan is the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan On Taxes and Other Obligatory Payments to the Budget (the “Tax Code”).

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Taxation in Namibia

This is an overview of taxes charged to individuals and companies in Namibia.

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Taxation in New Mexico

Taxation in New Mexico comprises the taxation programs of the U.S state of New Mexico.

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Taxation in North Korea

Officially, there are no taxes in North Korea.

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Taxation in Norway

Taxation in Norway is levied by the central government, the county municipality (fylkeskommune) and the municipality (kommune).

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Taxation in Pakistan

Pakistan's Current Taxation system is defined by Income Tax Ordinance 2001, promulgated on 13 September 2001, which became effective from 1 July 2002.

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Taxation in Peru

Taxation represents the biggest source of revenues for the Peruvian government (up to 76%).

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Taxation in Spain

Taxes in Spain are levied by national (federal), regional and local governments.

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Taxation in Switzerland

Taxes in Switzerland are levied by the Swiss Confederation, the cantons and the municipalities.

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Taxation in Taiwan

Taxes provide an important source of revenue for various levels of the Government of the Republic of China.

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Taxation in Tanzania

Taxation is one of the oldest functions of the Tanzanian government in running her affairs.

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Taxation in the British Virgin Islands

Taxation in the British Virgin Islands is relatively simple by comparative standards; photocopies of all of the tax laws of the British Virgin Islands would together amount to about 200 pages of paper.

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Taxation in the Faroe Islands

Taxation in the Faroe Islands has differed from the taxes in Denmark since home rule was granted in 1948.

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Taxation in the Ottoman Empire

Taxation in the Ottoman Empire changed drastically over time, and was a complex patchwork of different taxes, exemptions, and local customs.

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Taxation in the Republic of Ireland

In Ireland there is an income tax, a value added tax (VAT), and various other taxes.

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Taxation in the United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven emirates, with autonomous emirate and local governments.

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Taxation in the United Kingdom

Taxation in the United Kingdom may involve payments to a minimum of three different levels of government: the central government (Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs), devolved governments and local government.

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Taxation in the United States

The United States of America has separate federal, state, and local government(s) with taxes imposed at each of these levels.

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Taxation in Uruguay

Taxes in Uruguay are collected by the General Taxation Directorate (Dirección General Impositiva, DGI).

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Taxation of precious metals

Precious metals are subject to taxation in most countries, because of their high economic value.

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Taxation of the Jews in Europe

Taxation of the Jews in Europe refers to taxes imposed specifically on Jewish people in Europe, in addition to the taxes levied on the general population.

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Taxation of trusts (United Kingdom)

The taxation of trusts in the United Kingdom is governed by a different set of principles to those tax laws which apply to individuals or companies.

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Taxing and Spending Clause

The Taxing and Spending Clause (which contains provisions known as the General Welfare Clause) and the Uniformity Clause, Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 of the United States Constitution, grants the federal government of the United States its power of taxation.

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Taxpayer

A taxpayer is a person or organization (such as a company) subject to a tax on income.

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Taxpayer groups

Taxpayer groups, also known as taxpayers unions, are formal nonprofit or informal advocacy groups that promote lower taxation, reductions in government spending, and limits to government debt.

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Taxpayer receipt

A taxpayer receipt is a proposed receipt given by government to taxpayers that would show the division of the citizens paid tax into different areas such as social security and military operations.

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TaxPayers' Alliance

The TaxPayers' Alliance is a right-wing British pressure group and think tank formed in 2004 to campaign for a low tax society.

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Taxpayers' money

Taxpayers' money may refer to.

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Tŷ unnos

Tŷ unnos (pl.: tai unnos; English: one night house) is an old Welsh tradition that has parallels in other folk traditions in other areas of the British Isles.

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Tea Party protests

The Tea Party protests were a series of well-funded protests throughout the United States that began in early 2009.

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Technoliberalism

Technoliberalism is a political philosophy founded on ideas of liberty, individuality, responsibility, decentralization, and self-awareness.

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Technological and industrial history of China

The technological and industrial history of China is extremely varied, and extensive.

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Ted Haggard

Ted Arthur Haggard (born June 27, 1956) is an American evangelical pastor.

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Television licensing in the Republic of Ireland

In Ireland, a television licence is required for any address at which there is a television set.

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Temasek Holdings

Temasek Holdings Private Limited (abbreviated as Temasek) is a state-owned holding company that can be characterized as a national wealth fund owned by the Government of Singapore.

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Testamentary trust

A testamentary trust (sometimes referred to as a will trust or trust under will) is a trust which arises upon the death of the testator, and which is specified in his or her will.

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Texans for Truth

Texans for Truth (TfT) was a political advocacy organization, registered under Section 527 of the United States tax code, formed to oppose George W. Bush's re-election efforts in the 2004 presidential election.

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Texas

Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population.

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Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission

The Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission, or TABC (formerly the Texas Liquor Control Board), is a Texas public agency responsible for regulating, inspecting, and taxing the production, sale, and use of alcoholic beverages within the state.

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Texas dollar

The Texas dollar, informally named the "Texas redback", was the paper money of the Republic of Texas.

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Texas RioGrande Legal Aid

Texas RioGrande Legal Aid (TRLA) is a nonprofit agency that specializes in providing free civil legal services to the poor in a 68-county service area.

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Texas Workforce Commission

The Texas Workforce Commission is a governmental agency in the U.S. state of Texas that provides unemployment benefits and services related to employment to eligible individuals and businesses.

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The Absynthe

Absynthe Magazine is a student magazine at Trent University.

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The Accountant (magazine)

The Accountant is the "oldest accountancy publication in the world".

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The Attorney

The Attorney is a 2013 South Korean courtroom drama film directed and co-written by Yang Woo-suk, in his directorial debut (Yang was previously a film producer and webtoon author).

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The £1,000,000 Bank Note and Other New Stories

The £1,000,000 Bank Note and Other New Stories is an 1893 collection of short stories by American writer Mark Twain.

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The Back Bay Center

The Boston Back Bay Center was a proposed large development project proposed by Walter Gropius and The Architects Collaborative in the Boston's Back Bay in 1953.

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The Chinese State in Ming Society

The Chinese State in Ming Society is a history book which investigates the role of the state in China in the Ming dynasty (from 1368 to 1644 in the late Imperial Chinese era); the interface between the state and society, and the effect of the state on ordinary people.

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The Cultural Creatives

The Cultural Creatives: How 50 Million People Are Changing the World is a nonfiction social sciences and sociology book by sociologist Paul H. Ray and psychologist Sherry Ruth Anderson (born 1942), The authors introduced the term "Cultural Creatives" to describe a large segment in Western society who since about 1985 have developed beyond the standard paradigm of modernists or progressives versus traditionalists or conservatives.

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The Dalhousie Gazette

The Dalhousie Gazette (more commonly referred to as the Gazette) is the main student publication at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

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The Estates

The Estates or the States (États, Landstände, Staten) was the assembly of the representatives of the estates of the realm, the divisions of society in feudal times, called together for purposes of deliberation, legislation or taxation.

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The FairTax Book

The FairTax Book is a non-fiction book by libertarian radio talk show host Neal Boortz and Congressman John Linder, published on August 2, 2005, as a tool to increase public support and understanding for the FairTax plan.

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The Gateway (student magazine)

The Gateway is the student magazine at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

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The Gospel of Wealth

"Wealth", more commonly known as "The Gospel of Wealth", is an article written by Andrew Carnegie in June of 1889 that describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich.

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The Graces (Ireland)

The Graces were a proposed series of reforms sought by Roman Catholics in Ireland in 1628-1634.

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The Great Simoleon Caper

"The Great Simoleon Caper" is a short story by Neal Stephenson that appeared in TIME on March 1, 1995.

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The Greens (Luxembourg)

The Greens (Déi Gréng, Les Verts, Die Grünen) is a green political party in Luxembourg.

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The International Lawyer

The International Lawyer is a quarterly peer-reviewed law journal and the official publication of the American Bar Association's (ABA) Section of International Law and Practice.

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The Knobz

The Knobz were a New Zealand pop band, originally based in Dunedin, but not considered part of that city's main wave of "Dunedin sound" bands.

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The Landlord's Game

The Landlord's Game is a board game patented in 1904 by Elizabeth Magie as.

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The Law and Mr. Jones

The Law and Mr.

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The List: What's In and Out

The List: What's In and Out is a U.S. pop culture list published annually by The Washington Post newspaper, on or near New Year's Day in the Style section.

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The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism

The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism is a book written by Max Weber, a German economist and sociologist.

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The Settlers: Heritage of Kings

The Settlers: Heritage of Kings (italic), released as Heritage of Kings: The Settlers in North America, is a real-time strategy video game developed by Blue Byte and published by Ubisoft.

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The Settlers: Rise of an Empire

The Settlers: Rise of an Empire (italic) is a city-building game with real-time strategy elements, developed by Blue Byte and published by Ubisoft.

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The Spirit of '43

The Spirit of '43 is an American animated World War II propaganda film created by Walt Disney Studios in 1943 and released in January 1943.

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The Staple

In European historiography, the term "staple" refers to the entire medieval system of trade and its taxation; its French equivalent is étape, and its German equivalent stapeln, words deriving from Late Latin stapula with the same meaning, derived from stabulum.

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The State News

The State News is the student newspaper of Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan.

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The Story of the Daughters of Quchan

The Story of the Daughters of Quchan: Gender and National Memory in Iranian History is a 1998 political history book written by Afsaneh Najmabadi.

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The Unbelievable Truth (radio show)

The Unbelievable Truth is a BBC radio comedy panel game made by Random Entertainment, devised by Graeme Garden and Jon Naismith.

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The unity of the Realm

The term "the unity of the Realm" (Rigsfællesskabet, RigsenhedenSee "Nationale symboler i Det Danske Rige".) refers to the relationship between Denmark proper, the Faroe Islands and Greenland—three countries constituting the Kingdom of Denmark.

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The Varsity (newspaper)

The Varsity is one of the main student newspapers of the University of Toronto.

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The Will of the Empress

The Will of the Empress, previously titled The Circle Reforged, is a standalone fantasy novel by Tamora Pierce, a continuation of the story of the quartets Circle of Magic and The Circle Opens.

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Third Perso-Turkic War

The Third Perso-Turkic War was the third and final conflict between the Sassanian Empire and the Western Turkic Khaganate.

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Thomas Bellamy

Thomas Bellamy (June 6, 1853 – October 11, 1926) was a politician in Alberta, Canada and a municipal councillor in Edmonton.

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Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of Effingham

Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of Effingham, PC (13 January 1746 – 19 November 1791), styled Lord Howard until 1763, was a British nobleman and Army officer, the son of Thomas Howard, 2nd Earl of Effingham, and his wife Elizabeth.

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Thomas I, bishop of Wrocław

Tomasz I, was a Bishop of Wrocław, Poland in the thirteenth century.

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Thomas J. Pickard

Thomas Joseph Pickard (born January 6, 1950) was an acting Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation for 71 days in the summer of 2001 following the resignation of Director Louis Freeh.

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Thomas Wynne

Dr.

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Thornton, Colorado

The City of Thornton is a home rule municipality in Adams and Weld counties in the U.S. state of Colorado, located in the northeast quadrant of the Denver-Aurora-Broomfield, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area.

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Tilburg University

Tilburg University is a public research university specializing in the social and behavioral sciences, economics, law, business sciences, theology and humanities, located in Tilburg in the southern part of the Netherlands.

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Tim Pawlenty

Timothy James Pawlenty (born November 27, 1960) is an American businessman and politician who is president and CEO of Financial Services Roundtable, a Washington, D.C.-based industry advocacy group.

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Timasitheus of Lipara

Timasitheus of Lipara (modern Lipari) was a Greek local archon of Magna Graecia who lived around 400 BC.

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Timeline of Glasgow history

This article is intended to show a timeline of the history of Glasgow, Scotland, up to the present day.

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Timeline of Karnataka

The name Karnataka is derived from "Karunadu" which means Loftyland (High plateau), derived from the community's location on the Deccan Plain.

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Timeline of the breakup of Yugoslavia

The breakup of Yugoslavia was a process in which the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was broken up into constituent republics, and over the course of which the Yugoslav wars started.

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Timeline of Yugoslavia

No description.

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Timetable For Action

The Timetable For Action is a policy document by the U.K. Conservative Party, in which leader Michael Howard spells out some key actions he would take if elected Prime Minister, within the first hour, day, week, and month of a Conservative government.

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Tithe

A tithe (from Old English: teogoþa "tenth") is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government.

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Tithe Barn, Manor Farm, Doulting

The Tithe Barn at Manor Farm (also known as Abbey Barn) in Doulting, Somerset, England, was built in the 15th century, and has been designated as a Grade I listed building, and scheduled as an ancient monument.

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Title search

In real estate business and law, a title search or property title search is the process of retrieving documents evidencing events in the history of a piece of real property, to determine relevant interests in and regulations concerning that property.

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TMF Group

TMF Group is a multinational professional services firm headquartered in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

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Tobin tax

A Tobin tax, suggested by Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences Laureate economist James Tobin, was originally defined as a tax on all spot conversions of one currency into another.

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Today (UK newspaper)

Today was a national newspaper in the United Kingdom that was published between 1986 and 1995.

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Tokugawa shogunate

The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the and the, was the last feudal Japanese military government, which existed between 1600 and 1868.

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Toledo Reforms

The Toledo Reforms were a series of reforms implemented by Francisco Álvarez de Toledo to Spain's policies in the Viceroyalty of Peru.

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Toledo-Lucas County Public Library

Toledo Lucas County Public Library is a public library system located in Toledo, Ohio.

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Tolerance tax

Tolerance tax (Toleranzgebührer) was a tax that was levied against Jews of Hungary, then part of the Austrian Empire, between 1747 and 1797.

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Tom Brinkman

Thomas E. "Tom" Brinkman, Jr. (born December 6, 1957) is a Republican member of the Ohio House of Representatives from Cincinnati.

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Toronto Paramedic Services

Toronto Paramedic Services, formerly known as Toronto EMS, is the statutory emergency medical services provider for the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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Tragedy of the commons

The tragedy of the commons is a term used in social science to describe a situation in a shared-resource system where individual users acting independently according to their own self-interest behave contrary to the common good of all users by depleting or spoiling that resource through their collective action.

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Trajtenberg Committee

The Trajtenberg Committee (Hebrew: ועדת טרכטנברג) is a commission appointed by the Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on August 8, 2011 in order to examine and propose solutions to Israel's socioeconomic problems.

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Transaction privilege tax

Transaction privilege tax (TPT) refers to a gross receipts tax levied by the state of Arizona on certain persons for the privilege of conducting business in the state.

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Transfer payment

In economics, a transfer payment (or government transfer or simply transfer) is a redistribution of income and wealth (payment) made without goods or services being received in return.

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Transfer payments multiplier

In Keynesian economics, the transfer payments multiplier (or transfer payment multiplier) is the multiple by which aggregate demand will increase when there is an increase in transfer payments (e.g. welfare spending, unemployment payments).

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Transfer pricing

In taxation and accounting, transfer pricing refers to the rules and methods for pricing transactions within and between enterprises under common ownership or control.

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Transit district

A transit district or transit authority is a special-purpose district organized as either a corporation chartered by statute, or a government agency, created for the purpose of providing public transportation within a specific region.

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Transport

Transport or transportation is the movement of humans, animals and goods from one location to another.

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Transport Act 2000

The Transport Act 2000 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Trésor public

The Trésor public (Public treasury) is the national administration of the Treasury in France.

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Trícha cét

The tríocha céad, also known as trícha cét, meaning "thirty hundreds", was a unit of land-holding in eleventh and twelfth century Ireland.

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Treasury

A treasury is either.

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Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton

The Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton was a peace treaty, signed in 1328 between the Kingdoms of England and Scotland.

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Tribal sovereignty in the United States

Tribal sovereignty in the United States is the concept of the inherent authority of indigenous tribes to govern themselves within the borders of the United States.

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Tribute

A tribute (/ˈtrɪbjuːt/) (from Latin tributum, contribution) is wealth, often in kind, that a party gives to another as a sign of respect or, as was often the case in historical contexts, of submission or allegiance.

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Tributum

In Ancient Rome, Tributum was a tax imposed on the citizenry to fund the costs of war.

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Trierarchy

A trierarchy (trierarchia) was a type of obligation called a liturgy, a debt similar to a tax on the very wealthy in Ancient Athens.

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Trullo

A trullo (plural, trulli) is a traditional Apulian dry stone hut with a conical roof.

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Trust company

A trust company is a corporation, especially a commercial bank, organized to perform the fiduciary of trusts and agencies.

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Trust law

A trust is a three-party fiduciary relationship in which the first party, the trustor or settlor, transfers ("settles") a property (often but not necessarily a sum of money) upon the second party (the trustee) for the benefit of the third party, the beneficiary.

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Tulane University Law School

Tulane University Law School is the law school of Tulane University.

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Tunisian Constitution of 2014

The Tunisian Constitution of 2014 (2014 دستور تونس) was adopted on 26 January 2014 by the Constituent Assembly elected on 23 October 2011 in the wake of Tunisia's Jasmine Revolution that overthrew President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.

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Turňa nad Bodvou

Turňa nad Bodvou (German: Tornau, Hungarian: Torna) is a village and municipality in Košice-okolie District in the Kosice Region of eastern Slovakia.

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Turkish Identification Number

Turkish Identification Number (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Kimlik Numarası or abbreviated as T.C. Kimlik No.) is a unique personal identification number that is assigned to every citizen of Turkey.

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Turkish Radio and Television Corporation

The Turkish Radio and Television Corporation, also known as TRT (Turkish: Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu), is the national public broadcaster of Turkey and was founded in 1964.

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Turra Coo

The Turra Coo (Doric for "the Turriff Cow") was a white Ayrshire-Shorthorn cross dairy cow which lived near the Aberdeenshire town of Turriff in north-east Scotland, in the early twentieth century.

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Tycoon Tax

The Tycoon Tax is a form of minimum taxation proposed by Nick Clegg, the Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and leader of the Liberal Democrats.

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Tynwald

Tynwald (Tinvaal), or more formally, the High Court of Tynwald (Ard-whaiyl Tinvaal) or Tynwald Court is the legislature of the Isle of Man.

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U.S. State Non-resident Withholding Tax

U.S. State Nonresident Withholding Tax is a mandatory prepayment of tax of individuals or entities that are not resident in the state.

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Uganda Clearing Industry & Forwarding Association

Uganda Clearing Industry & Forwarding Association is a member-owned institution with over 200 companies licensed by URA (Uganda Revenue Authority).

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Uhuru Kenyatta

Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta (born 26 October 1961) is a Kenyan politician and the fourth president of the Republic of Kenya.

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UK Municipal Bonds Agency

The UK Municipal Bonds Agency (UK MBA) is an agency that exists primarily to reduce councils' capital long term financing costs.

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Ulnaby

Ulnaby is an abandoned village and scheduled ancient monument in the grounds of Ulnaby Hall Farm, near High Coniscliffe, County Durham, England.

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Umoja, Kenya

Umoja Uaso ("unity" in Swahili, the Uaso Nyiro is a nearby river), is a village in Kenya.

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Underemployment

Underemployment is the under-use of a worker due to a job that does not use the worker's skills, or is part time, or leaves the worker idle.

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Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination

The Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination is the examination administered to people who wish to become U.S. Certified Public Accountants.

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Uniform Evaluation

The Uniform Evaluation (commonly abbreviated as UFE since it is also called the Uniform Final Evaluation) is the last examination chartered accountancy students took in pursuit of the Chartered Accountant (CA) designation in the countries of Canada and Bermuda.

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Unique identifier

With reference to a given (possibly implicit) set of objects, a unique identifier (UID) is any identifier which is guaranteed to be unique among all identifiers used for those objects and for a specific purpose.

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United Building & Construction Trades Council v. Mayor and Council of Camden

United Building & Construction Trades Council v. Mayor and Council of Camden,, was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that a city can pressure private employers to hire city residents, but the same exercise of power to bias private contractors against out-of-state residents may be called into account under the Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article Four of the United States Constitution.

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United Kingdom corporation tax

In the United Kingdom, corporation tax is a corporate tax levied in the United Kingdom on the profits made by UK-resident companies and on the profits of entities registered overseas with permanent establishments in the UK.

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United Kingdom general election, 1992

The 1992 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday 9 April 1992, to elect 651 members to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.

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United Kingdom National Accounts – The Blue Book

The annual United Kingdom National Accounts are published in an online publication (The Blue Book) by the Office for National Statistics.

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United States case law topical index

On finding the simple categorization of United States Supreme Court articles on Wikipedia insufficient for purposes of easily searching for case law that deals with a certain topic, this index is being created to make things easier.

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United States Census of Agriculture

The Census of Agriculture is a census conducted every five years by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) that provides the only source of uniform, comprehensive agricultural data for every county in the United States.

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United States Department of the Treasury

The Department of the Treasury (USDT) is an executive department and the treasury of the United States federal government.

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United States House Committee on Appropriations

The United States House Committee on Appropriations is a committee of the United States House of Representatives.

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United States House Committee on Ways and Means

The Committee on Ways and Means is the chief tax-writing committee of the United States House of Representatives.

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United States nationality law

The United States nationality law is a uniform rule of naturalization of the United States set out in the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, enacted under the power of Article I, section 8, clause 4 of the United States Constitution (also referred to as the Nationality Clause), which reads: Congress shall have Power - "To establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization..." The 1952 Act sets forth the legal requirements for the acquisition of, and divestiture from, American nationality.

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United States Senate election in Illinois, 2004

The 2004 United States Senate election in Illinois was held on November 2, 2004.

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United States Senate election in Wisconsin, 1992

The 1992 United States Senate election in Wisconsin was held on November 3, 1992.

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United States Senate elections, 1992

The United States Senate elections, 1992, held November 3, 1992, were elections for the United States Senate that coincided with Bill Clinton's victory the presidential election.

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United States Senate elections, 2004

The United States Senate elections of 2004 were elections for one-third of the seats in the United States Senate which coincided with the re-election of George W. Bush as president and the United States House election, as well as many state and local elections.

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United States v. Drescher

United States v. Drescher, 179 F.2d 863 (2nd Cir. 1950) was a United States income tax case before the Second Circuit.

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United States v. Gotcher

United States v. Gotcher, 401 F.2d 118 (5th Cir. 1968), is a tax case from the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.

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United States v. Indianapolis & St. Louis Railroad Co.

United States v. Indianapolis St L R,, regarded a suit that was brought to foreclose mortgages given to secure bonds issued by the Indianapolis and St. Louis Railroad Company.

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United Suvadive Republic

The United Suvadive Republic (Dhivehi: އެކުވެރި ސުވާދީބު ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ) or Suvadive Islands was a short-lived breakaway nation in the remote southern atolls of the Maldive Islands (Addu Atoll, Huvadhu Atoll and Fuvahmulah) that constitute the Suvadive archipelago.

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Upper Brittany

Upper Brittany (Haute-Bretagne; Breizh-Uhel; Gallo: Haùtt-Bertaèyn) is the eastern part of Brittany France, which is predominantly of a Romance culture and is associated with the Gallo language.

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Upper Lusatia

Upper Lusatia (Oberlausitz; Hornja Łužica; Górna Łužyca; Łużyce Górne or Milsko; Horní Lužice) is a historical region in Germany and Poland.

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Urban renewal

Urban renewal (also called urban regeneration in the United Kingdom, urban renewal or urban redevelopment in the United States) is a program of land redevelopment in cities, often where there is urban decay.

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Urban secession

Urban secession is a city's secession from its surrounding region, to form a new political unit.

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Urbanization in Africa

The urbanization of most of Africa is moving fast forward, especially south of the Sahara.

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Use tax

A use tax is a type of tax levied in the United States by numerous state governments.

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USSR anti-religious campaign (1928–1941)

The USSR anti-religious campaign of 1928–1941 was a new phase of anti-religious persecution in the Soviet Union following the anti-religious campaign of 1921–1928.

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Usury

Usury is, as defined today, the practice of making unethical or immoral monetary loans that unfairly enrich the lender.

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Utah Technology Council

The Utah Technology Council is a Utah-based non profit organization that serves as a business resource for life science and high-tech companies.

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Utopia: The Creation of a Nation

Utopia: The Creation of a Nation is a strategy video game.

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Valence issue

A valence issue is a political issue about which voters will usually share a common preference.

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Valor Ecclesiasticus

The Valor Ecclesiasticus (Latin: "church valuation") was a survey of the finances of the church in England, Wales and English controlled parts of Ireland made in 1535 on the orders of Henry VIII.

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Valuation (finance)

In finance, valuation is the process of determining the present value (PV) of an asset.

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Value product

The value product (VP) is an economic concept formulated by Karl Marx in his critique of political economy during the 1860s, and used in Marxian social accounting theory for capitalist economies.

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Value-added tax

A value-added tax (VAT), known in some countries as a goods and services tax (GST), is a type of tax that is assessed incrementally, based on the increase in value of a product or service at each stage of production or distribution.

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Variable import levy

A variable import levy is a levy on imports that raises their price to a level at least as high as the domestic price.

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Vínbúð

Vínbúð (wine shop) is a chain of 46 stores run by the Icelandic alcohol and tobacco monopoly ÁTVR, locally called ríkið (the State).

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Vehicle Efficiency Initiative

The Vehicle Efficiency Incentive (VEI) was introduced in the 2007 Canadian federal government budget, aimed at promoting fuel-efficient vehicles.

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Velferdsvillaen

Velferdsvillaen.org is a webpage created in 2006 by a group of Nordic youth, Nordisk Ungdomspanel, founded by Norway's formanship in the Nordic Council of Ministers, intended to educate Nordic teenagers about the welfare system in the Nordic Countries.

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Venal office

In the context of the French Ancien Régime, a venal office refers to an office sold by the state to raise money.

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Vermont Statutes Annotated

The Vermont Statutes Annotated is the official codification of the laws enacted by the General Assembly of the U.S. state of Vermont.

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Very Short Introductions

Very Short Introductions (VSI) are a book series published by the Oxford University Press (OUP).

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Video lottery terminal

A video lottery terminal or VLT is a gaming machine that allows gamblers to bet on the outcome of a video game.

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Village (Oregon)

A village in the U.S. state of Oregon is a model of local governance that only exists in Clackamas County.

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Virginia ballot measures, 1990

The 1990 Virginia State Elections took place on Election Day, November 5, 1990, the same day as the U.S. Senate and U.S. House elections in the state.

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Virginia Port Authority

The Virginia Port Authority (VPA) is an autonomous agency (political subdivision) of the Commonwealth of Virginia that owns The Port of Virginia, a group of facilities with their activity centered on the harbor of Hampton Roads, Virginia.

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Virginia Tax Review

The Virginia Tax Review (VTR) is one of the oldest student-run law journals at the University of Virginia, and the only journal to deal exclusively with tax and corporate topics.

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Virtual economy

A virtual economy (or sometimes synthetic economy) is an emergent economy existing in a virtual world, usually exchanging virtual goods in the context of an Internet game.

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Virtual tax

Virtual tax is a proposed tax on internet gamers for items bought or traded solely within the virtual world (Internet game worlds).

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Viscount

A viscount (for male) or viscountess (for female) is a title used in certain European countries for a noble of varying status.

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Vitalian (general)

Vitalian (Flavius Vitalianus, Βιταλιανός; died 520) was a general of the East Roman (Byzantine) Empire.

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Voluntary association

A voluntary group or union (also sometimes called a voluntary organization, common-interest association,Prins HEL et al. (2010).. Cengage Learning. association, or society) is a group of individuals who enter into an agreement, usually as volunteers, to form a body (or organization) to accomplish a purpose.

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Voluntary disclosure agreement

In the United States, a voluntary disclosure agreement (VDA), is a program whereby taxpayers can receive certain benefits from proactively disclosing prior period tax liabilities in accordance with a binding agreement.

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Voluntary student unionism

Voluntary student unionism (VSU), as it is known in Australia, or voluntary student membership (VSM), as it is referred to in New Zealand, is a policy under which membership of – and payment of membership fees to – university student organisations is voluntary.

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Voluntary taxation

Voluntary taxation is a theory that states that taxation should be a voluntary act.

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Voluntaryism

Voluntaryism (. Collins English Dictionary.; sometimes voluntarism) is a philosophy which holds that all forms of human association should be voluntary, a term coined in this usage by Auberon Herbert in the 19th century, and gaining renewed use since the late 20th century, especially among libertarians.

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Volunteer Lawyers for the Arts

Volunteer Lawyers for the Arts (VLA) is both a generic term for legal service organizations located throughout the United States and the proper name of the organization in New York City.

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Vrilissia

Vrilissia (Βριλήσσια) is a suburban municipality of the North Athens regional unit, in the Attica region.

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Vulture capitalist

Vulture capitalists are investors that acquire distressed firms in the hopes of making them more profitable so as to ultimately sell them for a profit.

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Wadi El Natrun

Wadi El Natrun (Arabic for "Natron Valley"; Ϣⲓϩⲏⲧ Šihēt "Measure of the Hearts", Σκῆτις or Σκήτη) is a valley located in Beheira Governorate, Egypt, including a town with the same name.

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Wakefield, Michigan

Wakefield is a city in Gogebic County, Michigan, United States.

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Wallachia

Wallachia or Walachia (Țara Românească; archaic: Țeara Rumânească, Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: Цѣра Рȣмѫнѣскъ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania.

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Walls of Seville

The Walls of Seville (Spanish: Murallas de Sevilla) are a series of defensive walls surrounding the Old Town of Seville.

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Walter Polakowski

Walter Polakowski (January 18, 1888 – November 13, 1966) was an American upholsterer, trade union activist, and small business owner from Milwaukee, Wisconsin who served as a Socialist member of the Wisconsin State Assembly and Wisconsin State Senate for a total of 14 years.

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Wang Anshi

Wang Anshi (December 8, 1021 – May 21, 1086) was a Chinese economist, statesman, chancellor and poet of the Song Dynasty who attempted major and controversial socioeconomic reforms known as the New Policies.

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Wankard Pooser

Wankard Pooser (September 27, 1893 – February 22, 1978) was an American politician in the state of Florida and grandfather of Todd Pooser.

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War finance

War finance is a branch of defense economics.

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War of the Priests (Poland)

The War of the Priests (1467-1479, Pfaffenkrieg, wojna popia, wojna księża) was a conflict in the Polish province of Warmia between the King of Poland Casimir IV and Nicolaus von Tüngen, the new bishop of Warmia chosen – without the king's approval – by the Warmian chapter.

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Wards of Japan

A is a subdivision of the cities of Japan that are large enough to have been designated by government ordinance.

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Warren Hastings

Warren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818), an English statesman, was the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and thereby the first de facto Governor-General of India from 1773 to 1785.

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Warren Terhune

Warren Jay Terhune (May 3, 1869 – November 3, 1920) was a United States Navy Commander, and the 13th Governor of American Samoa.

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Warsangali Sultanate

The Warsangali Sultanate (Saldanadda Warsangeli, سلطنة الورسنجلي) was a Somali Sultanate ruling house centered in northeastern of Somalia.

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Washington Court of Appeals

The Washington Court of Appeals is the intermediate level appellate court for the state of Washington.

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Washington Initiative 912

Initiative Measure No.

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Washington, Pennsylvania

Washington is a city in and the county seat of Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States, within the Greater Pittsburgh Region in the southwestern part of the state.

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Waste disposal authorities in London

Greater London has a number of waste disposal authorities, responsible for waste collection and disposal.

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Water law in the United States

Water law in the United States refers to the Water resources law laws regulating water as a resource in the United States.

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Wayne Bentson

Wayne C. Bentson is a businessman and tax protester from Payson, Arizona.

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WDV

The written-down value (abbreviated as WDV) is the depreciated value of an asset (movable or immovable) for purposes of taxation.

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Weighted average cost of capital

The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is the rate that a company is expected to pay on average to all its security holders to finance its assets.

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Welfare

Welfare is a government support for the citizens and residents of society.

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Welfare cost of inflation

In macroeconomics, the welfare cost of inflation comprises the changes in social welfare caused by inflation.

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Welfare state

The welfare state is a concept of government in which the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the social and economic well-being of its citizens.

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Welfare trap

The welfare trap (or unemployment trap or poverty trap in British English) theory asserts that taxation and welfare systems can jointly contribute to keep people on social insurance because the withdrawal of means-tested benefits that comes with entering low-paid work causes there to be no significant increase in total income.

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Westerburg

Westerburg is a small town of roughly 6,000 inhabitants in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show)

Wheel of Fortune (often known simply as Wheel) is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin.

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Wichaichan

Krom Phra Ratchawang Bowon Wichaichan (กรมพระราชวังบวรวิไชยชาญ) or Phra Ong Chao Yodyingyot (or Yingyot) (พระองค์เจ้ายอดยิ่งยศ) (6 April 1838 – 28 August 1885) was a Siamese Prince and member of the Chakri Dynasty.

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William Grindecobbe

William Grindecobbe or William Grindcobbe was one of the peasant leaders during the English Peasants' Revolt of 1381.

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William J. Jefferson

William Jennings "Bill" Jefferson (born March 14, 1947) is an American former politician from the U.S. state of Louisiana.

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William Kasik

William R. Kasik (June 13, 1920 – March 1986) was a Wisconsin businessman and insurance agent who served one term as a Republican member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from the 19th Milwaukee County district.

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William Stern (businessman)

William George Stern (born Vilmos György Stern in Budapest, Hungary, 2 July 1935) is a businessman most notable as the owner of the British Stern Group of companies.

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Williamson's model of managerial discretion

Oliver E. Williamson hypothesised (1964) that profit maximization would not be the objective of the managers of a joint stock organisation.

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Wind power in Austria

Although Austria is a landlocked country with a distinguished hilly topography, meteorological preconditions permit the utilization of wind power.

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Wind power in Denmark

Denmark was a pioneer in developing commercial wind power during the 1970s, and today a substantial share of the wind turbines around the world are produced by Danish manufacturers such as Vestas and Siemens Wind Power along with many component suppliers.

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Windfall Tax (United Kingdom)

The Windfall Tax was a tax on what were claimed to be "the excess profits of the privatised utilities" and was introduced by the Labour government of Tony Blair in 1997.

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Wine fraud

Wine fraud relates to the commercial aspects of wine.

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Winkler, Manitoba

Winkler is a small city with a population of 12,591 (2016 federal census) located in southern Manitoba, Canada surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Stanley.

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Winsford, Somerset

Winsford is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, located about north-west of Dulverton.

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Wipperfürth

Map of the city Town hall Wipperfürth is a municipality in the Oberbergischer Kreis of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, about 40 km north-east of Cologne, and the oldest town in the Bergischen Land.

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Wisconsin Idea

The Wisconsin Idea is the policy developed in the U.S. state of Wisconsin that fosters public universities' contributions to the state: "to the government in the forms of serving in office, offering advice about public policy, providing information and exercising technical skill, and to the citizens in the forms of doing research directed at solving problems that are important to the state and conducting outreach activities".

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Witenagemot

The Witenaġemot (Old English witena ġemōt,, modern English "meeting of wise men"), also known as the Witan (more properly the title of its members) was a political institution in Anglo-Saxon England which operated from before the 7th century until the 11th century.

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Withdrawal from the Eurozone

Withdrawal from the Eurozone denotes the process whereby a Eurozone member-state, whether voluntarily or forcibly, stops using the Euro as its national currency and leaves the Eurozone.

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WITI TV Tower

The WITI Tower in Milwaukee, Wisconsin was completed in August 1962 and was briefly the tallest free-standing tower in the world, rising 1081 feet (329.4 m).

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Woman Suffrage Party

The Woman Suffrage Party (WSP) was a New York city political organization dedicated to women's suffrage.

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Women in ancient and imperial China

The study of women's history in the context of imperial China has been pursued since at least the late 1990s.

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Women in Switzerland

Women in Switzerland are women who live in and are from Switzerland.

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Wool Act 1699

The Wool Act of 1699 (or the Woolens Act) is a former Act of the Parliament of England (11 Will. III c. 13) which attempted to heighten taxation and increase control over colonial trade and production.

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Woolwich Building Society v IRC

Woolwich Equitable Building Society v Inland Revenue Commissioners AC 70 is an English unjust enrichment law case, concerning to what extent enrichment of the defendant must be at the expense of the claimant.

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Working family

Working family was a term used by Kevin Rudd, former Prime Minister of Australia, and members of his leadership team, during the lead-up to the Australian federal election, 2007.

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World taxation system

A world taxation system or global tax is a proposed system for the collection of taxes by a central international revenue service.

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Worshipful Company of Tax Advisers

The Worshipful Company of Tax Advisers is a livery company of the City of London.

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WTS Group

WTS Group is an international consulting group with tax, legal and consulting business units.

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X tax

The X tax is an approach to taxation, suggested in the United States, that can be described as a standard European-style credit-invoice value added tax (VAT), except that wages are deducted by businesses and taxed at progressive rates to workers.

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Yahya Ibn Ibrahim

Yahya Ibn Ibrahim (c. 440/1048)Levtzion and Hopkins, Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History (Cambridge, 1981) was a leader of the Godala tribe.

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Yan Tan Tethera

Yan Tan Tethera is a sheep-counting rhyme/system traditionally used by shepherds in Northern England and earlier in some other parts of Britain.

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Yellow Tapers for Paris

Yellow Tapers for Paris is a 1943 novel by Scottish writer Bruce Marshall.

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Yigal Arnon & Co.

Yigal Arnon & Co., established nearly sixty years ago, is one of the largest law firms in Israel with offices in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, and more than 170 lawyers, of whom 61 are partners.

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Yishai Beer

Aluf Yishai Beer (ישי בר; born 1956) is a former general in the Israel Defense Forces, head of a reserve call-up, and former President of the Israeli Military Court of Appeals.

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You're the Top

"You're the Top" is a Cole Porter song from the 1934 musical Anything Goes.

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Ypsilanti District Library

The Ypsilanti District Library is a library that serves Ypsilanti, Ypsilanti Township, and Superior Township in eastern Washtenaw County, Michigan, with a permanent branch in each municipality, as well as a bookmobile that travels throughout the service area.

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Yumiko Takahashi

is a Japanese actress and singer.

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Yupana

A yupana (from Quechua yupay: count) is an abacus used to perform arithmetic operations dating back to the time of the Incas.

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Zealot Temple Siege

The Zealot Temple Siege (68 AD) was a short siege of the Temple in Jerusalem fought between Jewish factions during the Great Jewish Revolt against the Roman Empire (66–70 AD).

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Zero-rated supply

In economics, zero-rated supply refers to items that are taxable, but the rate of tax is nil on their input supplies.

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Zimbabwe Revenue Authority

The Zimbabwe Revenue Authority, or ZIMRA, is the body responsible for collecting taxes and other revenue streams for the government in Zimbabwe.

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Zona Franca of Iquique

The Zona Franca de Iquique, known by the acronym Zofri −(Free Zone of Iquique), is located in the coastal port city of Iquique, in Iquique Province of the Tarapacá Region, northwestern Chile.

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Zorro, The Gay Blade

Zorro, The Gay Blade is a 1981 swashbuckling comedy film directed by Peter Medak and starring George Hamilton, Lauren Hutton, Ron Leibman, and Brenda Vaccaro.

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Zwaggle

Zwaggle is a community of parents who gather online to share their children's gently-used toys, clothing, books, gear and more with other families.

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.ee

.ee is the internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) of Estonia, operated by the Estonian Internet Foundation.

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11th century

The 11th century is the period from 1001 to 1100 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Common Era, and the 1st century of the 2nd millennium.

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12 month rule

In the field of taxation in the US, the 12 Month Rule refers to the capitalization of property or assets that provide only short-term benefits.

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13th Dalai Lama

Thubten Gyatso (shortened from Ngawang Lobsang Thupten Gyatso Jigdral Chokley Namgyal;; 12 February 1876 – 17 December 1933) was the 13th Dalai Lama of Tibet.

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1455 defter of the Branković lands

The Ottoman cadastral tax census (defter) of 1455 in the Branković lands (covering most of present-day Kosovo) recorded.

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1767 in Great Britain

Events from the year 1767 in Great Britain.

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1876 in Canada

Events from the year 1876 in Canada.

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1896 in Afghanistan

Related to 1896 in Afghanistan: Negotiations are going on between the Indian government and the amir tending to the appointment of a joint commission for determining the last of Indo-Afghan frontier yet unsettled, from Landi Kotal in the Khyber to Nawar Kotal on the Kunar River.

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1919 in the United States

Events from the year 1919 in the United States.

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1970s peasant revolts in Thailand

Thailand witnessed several uprisings by farmers from several central Thai provinces in the mid-1970s.

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1993 Russian constitutional crisis

The constitutional crisis of 1993 was a political stand-off between the Russian president Boris Yeltsin and the Russian parliament that was resolved by using military force.

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2008 European Union stimulus plan

On 26 November 2008, the European Commission proposed a European stimulus plan (also referred to as the European Economic Recovery Plan) amounting to 200 billion euros to cope with the effects of the global financial crisis on the economies of the members countries.

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2008–09 NBA season

The 2008–09 NBA season was the 63rd season of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

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2009–10 NBA season

The 2009–10 NBA season was the 64th season of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

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2010 in Denmark

Events from the year 2010 in Denmark.

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2010–11 NBA season

The 2010–11 NBA season was the 65th season of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

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2011 Israeli social justice protests

The 2011 Israeli social justice protests (מְחָאָת צֶדֶק חֶבְרָתִי), which are also referred to by various other names in the media, were a series of demonstrations in Israel beginning in July 2011 involving hundreds of thousands of protesters from a variety of socio-economic and religious backgrounds opposing the continuing rise in the cost of living (particularly housing) and the deterioration of public services such as health and education.

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2011–15 Myanmar political reforms

The 2011–2015 Myanmar political reforms were a series of political, economic and administrative reforms in Myanmar undertaken by the military-backed government.

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2013 protests in Brazil

The 2013 protests in Brazil, or 2013 Confederations Cup riots, also known as the V for Vinegar Movement, Brazilian Spring, or June Journeys, were public demonstrations in several Brazilian cities, initiated mainly by the Movimento Passe Livre (Free Fare Movement), a local entity that advocates for free public transportation.

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2015 Ecuadorian protests

The 2015 Ecuadorian protests were a series of protests against the inheritance tax laws introduced by Ecuadorian President Rafael Correa.

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2017 Belarusian protests

A series of street protests against President Alexander Lukashenko broke out in late February 2017.

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2018 Tunisian protests

The 2018 Tunisian protests are a series of protests occurring throughout Tunisia.

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3-1-1

3-1-1 is a special telephone number supported in many communities in Canada and the United States.

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305

Year 305 (CCCV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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306

Year 306 (CCCVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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377 BC

Year 377 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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387

Year 387 (CCCLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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401(k)

In the United States, a 401(k) plan is the tax-qualified, defined-contribution pension account defined in subsection 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code.

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403(b)

In the United States, a 403(b) plan is a U.S. tax-advantaged retirement savings plan available for public education organizations, some non-profit employers (only Internal Revenue Code 501(c)(3) organizations), cooperative hospital service organizations, and self-employed ministers in the United States.

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446

Year 446 (CDXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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457 plan

The 457 plan is a type of nonqualified, tax advantaged deferred-compensation retirement plan that is available for governmental and certain non-governmental employers in the United States.

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477

Year 477 (CDLXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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513

Year 513 (DXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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518

Year 518 (DXVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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575

Year 575 (DLXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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579

Year 579 (DLXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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589

Year 589 (DLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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592

Year 592 (DXCII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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602

Year 602 (DCII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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603

Year 603 (DCIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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614

Year 614 (DCXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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621

Year 621 (DCXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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65th United States Congress

The Sixty-fifth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives.

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661

Year 661 (DCLXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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675

Year 675 (DCLXXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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676

Year 676 (DCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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681

Year 681 (DCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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717

Year 717 (DCCXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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725

Year 725 (DCCXXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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739

Year 739 (DCCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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748

Year 748 (DCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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781

Year 781 (DCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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806

Year 806 (DCCCVI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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83rd United States Congress

The Eighty-third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives.

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872

Year 872 (DCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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889

Year 889 (DCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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909

Year 909 (CMIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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914

Year 914 (CMXIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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924

Year 924 (CMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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946

Year 946 (CMXLVI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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947

Year 947 (CMXLVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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Basic rate tax, Compliance costs, Economic effects of taxation, Emergency tax, Internal tax, Public expense, Revenue enhancement, TAX, Tax Administration, Tax administration, Tax base, Tax costs, Tax payment, Tax policies, Tax system, Tax, tariff & trade, Tax, tariff and trade, Tax, tariff, and trade, Tax, trade, and tariff, Tax, trade, tariff, Tax-paid, Taxation, Taxation levels, Taxation system, Taxed, Taxes, Taxpayers.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax