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164 relations: Abbe prism, Abbe–Koenig prism, Amici roof prism, Anamorphic format, Angle of incidence (optics), Anidolic lighting, Anti-reflective coating, ARROW waveguide, Attenuated total reflectance, Augustin-Jean Fresnel, Bauernfeind prism, Belay glasses, Belle II experiment, Binoculars, Bubble (physics), Camera lucida, Carl Pulfrich, Circular polarization, Cladding (fiber optics), ClearCurve, Commercial augmented reality, Core (optical fiber), Critical angle, Daylight redirecting film, Daylighting, Detection of internally reflected Cherenkov light, Diamond cut, Dichroic prism, Diffraction grating, Diffuse reflection, Dispersive prism, Double-clad fiber, Dove prism, Dynamical theory of diffraction, Evanescent field, Eyepiece, Facet, Fermat's principle, Fiber-optic communication, Fiberscope, Flashlight, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Fresnel equations, Fresnel lens, Fresnel rhomb, Fritz Goos, Günter Nimtz, Gemology, Geology applications of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Geometrical optics, ..., Glan–Foucault prism, Glan–Taylor prism, Glan–Thompson prism, Glory (optical phenomenon), Glossary of physics, Gonioscopy, Goos–Hänchen effect, Gradient-index optics, Guided ray, Hamiltonian optics, Hilda Hänchen, Holographic optical element, Hybrid plasmonic waveguide, Imbert–Fedorov effect, Index of electronics articles, Index of optics articles, Index of physics articles (T), Interactive whiteboard, Interfacial thermal resistance, Interference reflection microscopy, Jean-Daniel Colladon, John Tyndall, John Tyndall Award, Kennelly–Heaviside layer, Laser, Laser pumping, Lead glass, Light tube, Light-emitting diode, LightWave 3D, List of photonics equations, Luminescent solar concentrator, Lummer–Gehrcke interferometer, Marcatili's method, Metallic microlattice, Microphotonics, Microstructured optical fiber, Modulating retro-reflector, Multi-touch, Nanophotonic resonator, Neutron magnetic moment, Neutron microscope, Newton's rings, Nicol prism, Nonimaging optics, Numerical aperture, OLED, Optical fiber, Optical fiber cable, Optical flat, Optical overheating protection, Optical path, Optical phenomena, Optical ring resonators, Optical tweezers, Optics, Pavement light, Pellin–Broca prism, Pentaprism, Perfect mirror, Periscope, Photon scanning microscopy, Photonic crystal, Photonic-crystal fiber, Photothermal spectroscopy, Polarization rotator, Polarizer, Porro prism, Porro–Abbe prism, Prism, Prism coupler, Prism lighting, Quake Wars: Ray Traced, Rain sensor, Rainbow, Ray (optics), Recurrence tracking microscope, Reflection (physics), Refraction, Refractive index, Ressence, Retroreflector, Safety reflector, Schmidt–Pechan prism, Silicon photonics, Slot-waveguide, Snell's law, Snell's window, Solar cell research, Specular reflection, Subhelic arc, Sum frequency generation spectroscopy, Super-resolution microscopy, Supercritical angle fluorescence microscopy, Surface plasmon polariton, Surface plasmon resonance, Time-multiplexed optical shutter, Timeline of communication technology, Timeline of electromagnetism and classical optics, TIR, Total external reflection, Total internal reflection fluorescence microscope, Total internal reflection microscopy, Traditional handheld refractometer, Transparency and translucency, Uniformity tape, Vertico spatially modulated illumination, Vibrational analysis with scanning probe microscopy, Waveguide, Waveguide (electromagnetism), Waveguide (optics), Whispering-gallery wave, X-ray telescope, Yttrium aluminium garnet. Expand index (114 more) »
Abbe prism
In optics, an Abbe prism, named for its inventor, the German physicist Ernst Abbe, is a type of constant deviation dispersive prism similar to a Pellin–Broca prism.
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Abbe–Koenig prism
An Abbe–Koenig prism is a type of reflecting prism, used to invert an image (rotate it by 180°).
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Amici roof prism
An Amici roof prism, named for its inventor, the Italian astronomer Giovanni Amici, is a type of reflecting prism used to deviate a beam of light by 90° while simultaneously inverting the image.
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Anamorphic format
Anamorphic format is the cinematography technique of shooting a widescreen picture on standard 35 mm film or other visual recording media with a non-widescreen native aspect ratio.
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Angle of incidence (optics)
In geometric optics, the angle of incidence is the angle between a ray incident on a surface and the line perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence, called the normal.
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Anidolic lighting
Anidolic lighting systems use anidolic optical components to light rooms.
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Anti-reflective coating
An antireflective or anti-reflection (AR) coating is a type of optical coating applied to the surface of lenses and other optical elements to reduce reflection.
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ARROW waveguide
In optics, an anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) is a waveguide that uses the principle of thin-film interference to guide light with low loss.
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Attenuated total reflectance
Attenuated total reflection (ATR) is a sampling technique used in conjunction with infrared spectroscopy which enables samples to be examined directly in the solid or liquid state without further preparation.
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Augustin-Jean Fresnel
Augustin-Jean Fresnel (10 May 178814 July 1827) was a French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light, excluding any remnant of Newton's corpuscular theory, from the late 1830s until the end of the 19th century.
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Bauernfeind prism
A Bauernfeind prism is a type of reflecting prism used to deviate a beam of light by 45° to 60°, depending on its construction, while neither flipping nor rotating the image.
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Belay glasses
Belay glasses are eyeglasses with prismatic lenses that are used by belayers in rock climbing to avoid the neck strain commonly associated with belaying.
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Belle II experiment
The Belle II experiment is a particle physics experiment designed to study the properties of B mesons (heavy particles containing a bottom quark).
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Binoculars
Binoculars or field glasses are two telescopes mounted side-by-side and aligned to point in the same direction, allowing the viewer to use both eyes (binocular vision) when viewing distant objects.
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Bubble (physics)
A bubble is a globule of one substance in another, usually gas in a liquid.
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Camera lucida
A camera lucida is an optical device used as a drawing aid by artists.
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Carl Pulfrich
Carl P. Pulfrich (September 24, 1858 in Burscheid, Rhine Province – August 12, 1927 in Baltic Sea, drowned when his canoe capsized) was a German physicist, noted for advancements in optics made as a researcher for the Carl Zeiss company in Jena around 1880, and for documenting the Pulfrich effect, a psycho-optical phenomenon that can be used to create a type of 3-D visual effect.
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Circular polarization
In electrodynamics, circular polarization of an electromagnetic wave is a polarization state in which, at each point, the electric field of the wave has a constant magnitude but its direction rotates with time at a steady rate in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the wave.
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Cladding (fiber optics)
Cladding in optical fibers is one or more layers of materials of lower refractive index, in intimate contact with a core material of higher refractive index.
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ClearCurve
ClearCurve is Corning's brand name for a new optical fiber that can be bent around short-radius curves without losing its signal.
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Commercial augmented reality
Commercial augmented reality (CAR) describes augmented reality (AR) applications that support various B2B and B2C commercial activities, particularly for retail industry across the globe.
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Core (optical fiber)
The core of a conventional optical fiber is a cylinder of glass or plastic that runs along the fiber's length.
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Critical angle
Critical angle can refer to.
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Daylight redirecting film
Daylight redirecting film (DRF) is a thin, flexible plastic film which can be applied to a window to refract or reflect incoming light upwards, so that the deeper parts of the room are lit more evenly.
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Daylighting
Daylighting is the practice of placing windows, other openings, and reflective surfaces so that sunlight (direct or indirect) can provide effective internal lighting.
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Detection of internally reflected Cherenkov light
In particle detectors a detection of internally reflected Cherenkov light (DIRC) detector measures the velocity of charged particles and is used for particle identification.
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Diamond cut
A diamond cut is a style or design guide used when shaping a diamond for polishing such as the brilliant cut.
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Dichroic prism
A dichroic prism is a prism that splits light into two beams of differing wavelength (colour).
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Diffraction grating
In optics, a diffraction grating is an optical component with a periodic structure that splits and diffracts light into several beams travelling in different directions.
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Diffuse reflection
Diffuse reflection is the reflection of light or other waves or particles from a surface such that a ray incident on the surface is scattered at many angles rather than at just one angle as in the case of specular reflection.
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Dispersive prism
In optics, a dispersive prism is an optical prism, usually having the shape of a geometrical triangular prism, used as a spectroscopic component.
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Double-clad fiber
Double-clad fiber (DCF) is a class of optical fiber with a structure consisting of three layers of optical material instead of the usual two.
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Dove prism
A Dove prism is a type of reflective prism which is used to invert an image.
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Dynamical theory of diffraction
The dynamical theory of diffraction describes the interaction of waves with a regular lattice.
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Evanescent field
In electromagnetics, an evanescent field, or evanescent wave, is an oscillating electric and/or magnetic field that does not propagate as an electromagnetic wave but whose energy is spatially concentrated in the vicinity of the source (oscillating charges and currents).
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Eyepiece
An eyepiece, or ocular lens, is a type of lens that is attached to a variety of optical devices such as telescopes and microscopes.
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Facet
Facets are flat faces on geometric shapes.
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Fermat's principle
In optics, Fermat's principle or the principle of least time, named after French mathematician Pierre de Fermat, is the principle that the path taken between two points by a ray of light is the path that can be traversed in the least time.
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Fiber-optic communication
Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber.
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Fiberscope
A fiberscope is a flexible optical fiber bundle with an eyepiece on one end and a lens on the other that is used to examine and inspect small, difficult-to-reach places such as the insides of machines, locks, and the human body.
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Flashlight
A flashlight (more often called a torch outside North America) is a portable hand-held electric light.
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Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid or gas.
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Fresnel equations
The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel coefficients) describe the reflection and transmission of light (or electromagnetic radiation in general) when incident on an interface between different optical media.
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Fresnel lens
A Fresnel lens is a type of compact lens originally developed by French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel for lighthouses.
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Fresnel rhomb
A Fresnel rhomb is an optical prism that introduces a 90° phase difference between two perpendicular components of polarization, by means of two total internal reflections.
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Fritz Goos
Hermann Fritz Gustav Goos (11 January 1883 – 18 May 1968) was a German physicist and astronomer.
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Günter Nimtz
Günter Nimtz (born 22 September 1936) is a German physicist, working at the 2nd Physics Institute at the University of Cologne in Germany.
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Gemology
Gemology or gemmology is the science dealing with natural and artificial gemstone materials.
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Geology applications of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a spectroscopic technique that has been used for analyzing the fundamental molecular structure of geological samples in recent decades.
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Geometrical optics
Geometrical optics, or ray optics, describes light propagation in terms of rays.
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Glan–Foucault prism
A Glan–Foucault prism (also called a Glan–air prism) is a type of prism which is used as a polarizer.
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Glan–Taylor prism
A Glan–Taylor prism is a type of prism which is used as a polarizer or polarizing beam splitter.
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Glan–Thompson prism
A Glan–Thompson prism is a type of polarizing prism similar to the Nicol and Glan–Foucault prisms.
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Glory (optical phenomenon)
A glory is an optical phenomenon, resembling an iconic saint's halo around the shadow of the observer's head, caused by sunlight or (more rarely) moonlight interacting with the tiny water droplets that compose mist or clouds.
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Glossary of physics
Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.
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Gonioscopy
Gonioscopy describes the use of a goniolens (also known as a gonioscope) in conjunction with a slit lamp or operating microscope to gain a view of the iridocorneal angle, or the anatomical angle formed between the eye's cornea and iris.
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Goos–Hänchen effect
The Goos–Hänchen effect (named after Hermann Fritz Gustav Goos (1883 – 1968) and Hilda Hänchen (1919 – 2013) is an optical phenomenon in which linearly polarized light undergoes a small lateral shift, when totally internally reflected. The shift is perpendicular to the direction of propagation, in the plane containing the incident and reflected beams. This effect is the linear polarization analog of the Imbert–Fedorov effect. This effect occurs because the reflections of a finite sized beam will interfere along a line transverse to the average propagation direction. As shown in the figure, the superposition of two plane waves with slightly different angles of incidence but with the same frequency or wavelength is given by where \sin \mathbf \right) and \sin \mathbf \right) with It can be shown that the two waves generate an interference pattern transverse to the average propagation direction, and on the interface along the (y,z) plane. Both waves are reflected from the surface and undergo different phase shifts, which leads to a lateral shift of the finite beam. Therefore, the Goos–Hänchen effect is a coherence phenomenon. This effect continues to be a topic of scientific research, for example in the context of nanophotonics applications. A negative Goos–Hänchen shift was shown by Wild and Giles. The work by Merano et al. studied the Goos–Hänchen effect experimentally for the case of an optical beam reflecting from a metal surface (gold) at 826 nm. They report a substantial, negative lateral shift of the reflected beam in the plane of incidence for a p-polarization and a smaller, positive shift for the s-polarization case.
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Gradient-index optics
Gradient-index (GRIN) optics is the branch of optics covering optical effects produced by a gradual variation of the refractive index of a material.
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Guided ray
A guided ray (also bound ray or trapped ray) is a ray of light in a multi-mode optical fiber, which is confined by the core.
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Hamiltonian optics
Hamiltonian opticsH.
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Hilda Hänchen
Hilda Hänchen (later Hilda Lindberg or Hilda Lindberg-Hänchen, 1 September 1919 - 19 October 2013) was a German physicist.
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Holographic optical element
A holographic optical element (HOE) is an optical element (such as a lens, filter, beam splitter, or diffraction grating) that is produced using holographic imaging processes or principles.
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Hybrid plasmonic waveguide
A hybrid plasmonic waveguide is an optical waveguide that achieves strong light confinement by coupling the light guided by a dielectric waveguide and a plasmonic waveguide.
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Imbert–Fedorov effect
The Imbert–Fiodaraŭ effect (named after Fiodar Ivanavič Fiodaraŭ (1911 – 1994) and Christian Imbert (1937 – 1998) is an optical phenomenon in which circularly or elliptically polarized light undergoes a small phase shift, when totally internally reflected. The phase shift is perpendicular to the plane containing the incident and reflected beams. This effect is the circular polarization analog of the Goos–Hänchen effect.
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Index of electronics articles
This is an index of articles relating to electronics and electricity or natural electricity and things that run on electricity and things that use or conduct electricity.
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Index of optics articles
Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.
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Index of physics articles (T)
The index of physics articles is split into multiple pages due to its size.
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Interactive whiteboard
An interactive whiteboard (IWB) is a large interactive display in the form factor of a whiteboard.
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Interfacial thermal resistance
Interfacial thermal resistance, also known as thermal boundary resistance, or Kapitza resistance, is a measure of an interface's resistance to thermal flow.
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Interference reflection microscopy
Interference reflection microscopy (IRM) is an optical microscopy technique that utilizes polarized light to form an image of an object on a glass surface.
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Jean-Daniel Colladon
Jean-Daniel Colladon (15 December 1802, Geneva – 30 June 1893) was a Swiss physicist.
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John Tyndall
John Tyndall FRS (2 August 1820 – 4 December 1893) was a prominent 19th-century physicist.
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John Tyndall Award
The John Tyndall Award is given to the "individual who has made pioneering, highly significant, or continuing technical or leadership contributions to fiber optics technology".
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Kennelly–Heaviside layer
The Kennelly–Heaviside layer, named after Arthur E. Kennelly and Oliver Heaviside, also known as the E region or simply the Heaviside layer, is a layer of ionised gas occurring between roughly 90–150 km (56–93 mi) above the ground — one of several layers in the Earth's ionosphere.
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Laser
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.
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Laser pumping
Laser pumping is the act of energy transfer from an external source into the gain medium of a laser.
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Lead glass
Lead glass, commonly called crystal, is a variety of glass in which lead replaces the calcium content of a typical potash glass.
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Light tube
Light tubes (also known as light pipes or tubular skylights) are physical structures used for transmitting or distributing natural or artificial light for the purpose of illumination, and are examples of optical waveguides.
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Light-emitting diode
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source.
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LightWave 3D
LightWave 3D is a 3D computer graphics software developed by NewTek.
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List of photonics equations
This article summarizes equations in the theory of photonics, including geometric optics, physical optics, radiometry, diffraction, and interferometry.
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Luminescent solar concentrator
A luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) is a device for concentrating radiation, solar radiation in particular, to produce electricity.
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Lummer–Gehrcke interferometer
The Lummer–Gehrcke interferometer or Lummer–Gehrcke plate is a multiple-beam interferometer similar to the Fabry–Pérot etalon, but using light at a steep angle of incidence.
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Marcatili's method
Marcatili’s method is an approximate analytical method that describes how light propagates through rectangular dielectric optical waveguides.
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Metallic microlattice
A metallic microlattice is a synthetic porous metallic material consisting of an ultra-light metal foam.
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Microphotonics
Microphotonics is a branch of technology that deals with directing light on a microscopic scale.
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Microstructured optical fiber
Microstructured optical fibers (MOF) are optical fiber waveguides where guiding is obtained through manipulation of waveguide structure rather than its index of refraction.
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Modulating retro-reflector
A modulating retro-reflector (MRR) system combines an optical retro-reflector and an optical modulator to allow optical communications and sometimes other functions such as programmable signage.
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Multi-touch
In computing, multi-touch is technology that enables a surface (a trackpad or touchscreen) to recognize the presence of more than one or more than two points of contact with the surface.
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Nanophotonic resonator
A nanophotonic resonator or nanocavity is an optical cavity which is on the order of tens to hundreds of nanometers in size.
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Neutron magnetic moment
The neutron magnetic moment is the intrinsic magnetic dipole moment of the neutron, symbol μn.
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Neutron microscope
Neutron microscopes use neutrons to create images by nuclear fission of lithium-6 using small-angle neutron scattering.
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Newton's rings
Newton's rings is a phenomenon in which an interference pattern is created by the reflection of light between two surfaces—a spherical surface and an adjacent touching flat surface.
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Nicol prism
A Nicol prism is a type of polarizer, an optical device used to produce a polarized beam of light.
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Nonimaging optics
Nonimaging optics (also called anidolic optics)Roland Winston et al., Nonimaging Optics, Academic Press, 2004 R. John Koshel (Editor), Illumination Engineering: Design with Nonimaging Optics, Wiley, 2013 is the branch of optics concerned with the optimal transfer of light radiation between a source and a target.
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Numerical aperture
In optics, the numerical aperture (NA) of an optical system is a dimensionless number that characterizes the range of angles over which the system can accept or emit light.
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OLED
An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a light-emitting diode (LED) in which the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compound that emits light in response to an electric current.
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Optical fiber
An optical fiber or optical fibre is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair.
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Optical fiber cable
An optical fiber cable, also known as a fiber optic cable, is an assembly similar to an electrical cable, but containing one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light.
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Optical flat
An optical flat is an optical-grade piece of glass lapped and polished to be extremely flat on one or both sides, usually within a few tens of nanometres (billionths of a meter).
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Optical overheating protection
With all solar thermal collector systems there is a potential risk that the solar collector may reach an equilibrium or stagnation temperature higher than the maximum safe operating temperature.
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Optical path
The path that light takes in traversing an optical medium or system is often called the optical path.
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Optical phenomena
Optical phenomena are any observable events that result from the interaction of light and matter.
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Optical ring resonators
An optical ring resonator is a set of waveguides in which at least one is a closed loop coupled to some sort of light input and output.
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Optical tweezers
Optical tweezers (originally called "single-beam gradient force trap") are scientific instruments that use a highly focused laser beam to provide an attractive or repulsive force (typically on the order of piconewtons), depending on the relative refractive index between particle and surrounding medium, to physically hold and move microscopic objects similar to tweezers.
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Optics
Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.
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Pavement light
Pavement lights (UK), vault lights (US), floor lights, or sidewalk prisms are flat-topped walk-on skylights, usually set into pavement (sidewalks) or floors to let sunlight into the space below.
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Pellin–Broca prism
A Pellin–Broca prism is a type of constant-deviation dispersive prism similar to an Abbe prism.
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Pentaprism
A pentaprism is a five-sided reflecting prism used to deviate a beam of light by a constant 90°, even if the entry beam is not at 90° to the prism.
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Perfect mirror
A perfect mirror is a mirror that reflects light (and electromagnetic radiation in general) perfectly, and does not transmit or absorb it.
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Periscope
A periscope is an instrument for observation over, around or through an object, obstacle or condition that prevents direct line-of-sight observation from an observer's current position.
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Photon scanning microscopy
The operation of a photon scanning tunneling microscope (PSTM) is analogous to the operation of an electron scanning tunneling microscope (ESTM), with the primary distinction being that PSTM involves tunneling of photons instead of electrons from the sample surface to the probe tip.
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Photonic crystal
A photonic crystal is a periodic optical nanostructure that affects the motion of photons in much the same way that ionic lattices affect electrons in solids.
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Photonic-crystal fiber
Photonic-crystal fiber (PCF) is a new class of optical fiber based on the properties of photonic crystals.
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Photothermal spectroscopy
Photothermal spectroscopy is a group of high sensitivity spectroscopy techniques used to measure optical absorption and thermal characteristics of a sample.
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Polarization rotator
A polarization rotator is an optical device that rotates the polarization axis of a linearly polarized light beam by an angle of choice.
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Polarizer
A polarizer or polariser is an optical filter that lets light waves of a specific polarization pass through while blocking light waves of other polarizations.
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Porro prism
In optics, a Porro prism, named for its inventor Ignazio Porro, is a type of reflection prism used in optical instruments to alter the orientation of an image.
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Porro–Abbe prism
A Porro–Abbe prism (sometimes called a Abbe–Porro prism), named for Ignazio Porro and Ernst Abbe, is a type of reflection prism used in some optical instruments to alter the orientation of an image.
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Prism
In optics, a prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract light.
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Prism coupler
A prism coupler is a prism designed to couple a substantial fraction of the power contained in a beam of light (e.g., a laser beam) into a thin film to be used as a waveguide without the need for precision polishing of the edge of the film, without the need for sub-micrometer alignment precision of the beam and the edge of the film, and without the need for matching the numerical aperture of the beam to the film.
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Prism lighting
Prism lighting is the use of prisms to improve the distribution of light in a space.
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Quake Wars: Ray Traced
Quake Wars: Ray Traced is a research project from Intel Corporation that applied a ray tracing renderer to the game content of Enemy Territory: Quake Wars.
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Rain sensor
A rain sensor or rain switch is a switching device activated by rainfall.
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Rainbow
A rainbow is a meteorological phenomenon that is caused by reflection, refraction and dispersion of light in water droplets resulting in a spectrum of light appearing in the sky.
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Ray (optics)
In optics a ray is an idealized model of light, obtained by choosing a line that is perpendicular to the wavefronts of the actual light, and that points in the direction of energy flow.
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Recurrence tracking microscope
A recurrence tracking microscope (RTM) is a microscope that is based on the quantum recurrence phenomenon of an atomic wave packet.
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Reflection (physics)
Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated.
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Refraction
Refraction is the change in direction of wave propagation due to a change in its transmission medium.
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Refractive index
In optics, the refractive index or index of refraction of a material is a dimensionless number that describes how light propagates through that medium.
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Ressence
RESSENCE is a watch manufacturer founded in 2010 by Benoît Mintiens in Antwerpen, Belgium.
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Retroreflector
A retroreflector (sometimes called a retroflector or cataphote) is a device or surface that reflects light back to its source with a minimum of scattering.
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Safety reflector
A reflector is a retroreflector intended for pedestrians, runners, motorized and non-motorized vehicles.
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Schmidt–Pechan prism
A Schmidt–Pechan prism is a type of optical prism used to rotate an image by 180°.
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Silicon photonics
Silicon photonics is the study and application of photonic systems which use silicon as an optical medium.
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Slot-waveguide
A slot-waveguide is an optical waveguide that guides strongly confined light in a subwavelength-scale low refractive index region by total internal reflection.
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Snell's law
Snell's law (also known as Snell–Descartes law and the law of refraction) is a formula used to describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction, when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary between two different isotropic media, such as water, glass, or air.
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Snell's window
Snell's window (also called Snell's circle or optical man-hole) is a phenomenon by which an underwater viewer sees everything above the surface through a cone of light of width of about 96 degrees.
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Solar cell research
There are currently many research groups active in the field of photovoltaics in universities and research institutions around the world.
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Specular reflection
Specular reflection, also known as regular reflection, is the mirror-like reflection of waves, such as light, from a surface.
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Subhelic arc
A subhelic arc is a rare halo, formed by internal reflection through ice crystals, that curves upwards from the horizon and touches the tricker arc above the anthelic point.
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Sum frequency generation spectroscopy
Sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) is a technique used to analyze surfaces and interfaces.
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Super-resolution microscopy
Super-resolution microscopy, in light microscopy, is a term that gathers several techniques, which allow images to be taken with a higher resolution than the one imposed by the diffraction limit.
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Supercritical angle fluorescence microscopy
Supercritical angle fluorescence microscopy (SAF) is a technique to detect and characterize fluorescent species (proteins, biomolecules, pharmaceuticals, etc.) and their behaviour close or even adsorbed or linked at surfaces.
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Surface plasmon polariton
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are infrared or visible-frequency electromagnetic waves that travel along a metal–dielectric or metal–air interface.
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Surface plasmon resonance
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is the resonant oscillation of conduction electrons at the interface between negative and positive permittivity material stimulated by incident light.
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Time-multiplexed optical shutter
Time multiplexed optical shutter (TMOS) is a flat panel display technology developed, patented and commercialized by Uni-Pixel Displays, Inc.
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Timeline of communication technology
Timeline of communication technology.
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Timeline of electromagnetism and classical optics
Timeline of electromagnetism and classical optics lists, within the history of electromagnetism, the associated theories, technology, and events.
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TIR
Tir, tir or TIR may refer to.
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Total external reflection
Total external reflection is a phenomenon traditionally involving X-rays, but in principle any type of electromagnetic or other wave, closely related to total internal reflection.
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Total internal reflection fluorescence microscope
A total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (TIRFM) is a type of microscope with which a thin region of a specimen, usually less than 200 nanometers can be observed.
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Total internal reflection microscopy
Total internal reflection microscopy is a specialized optical imaging technique for object tracking and detection utilizing the light scattered from an evanescent field in the vicinity of a dielectric interface.
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Traditional handheld refractometer
A traditional handheld refractometer is an analog instrument for measuring a liquid's refractive index.
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Transparency and translucency
In the field of optics, transparency (also called pellucidity or diaphaneity) is the physical property of allowing light to pass through the material without being scattered.
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Uniformity tape
Uniformity tape is a microstructured thin-film mechanism for mixing and diffusing the light generated by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in edge-lit digital displays, including monitors, televisions and signage.
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Vertico spatially modulated illumination
Vertico spatially modulated illumination (Vertico-SMI) is the fastest light microscope for the 3D analysis of complete cells in the nanometer range.
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Vibrational analysis with scanning probe microscopy
The technique of vibrational analysis with scanning probe microscopy allows probing vibrational properties of materials at the submicrometer scale, and even of individual molecules.
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Waveguide
A waveguide is a structure that guides waves, such as electromagnetic waves or sound, with minimal loss of energy by restricting expansion to one dimension or two.
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Waveguide (electromagnetism)
In electromagnetics and communications engineering, the term waveguide may refer to any linear structure that conveys electromagnetic waves between its endpoints.
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Waveguide (optics)
An optical waveguide is a physical structure that guides electromagnetic waves in the optical spectrum.
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Whispering-gallery wave
Whispering-gallery waves, or whispering-gallery modes, are a type of wave that can travel around a concave surface.
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X-ray telescope
An X-ray telescope (XRT) is a telescope that is designed to observe remote objects in the X-ray spectrum.
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Yttrium aluminium garnet
Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12) is a synthetic crystalline material of the garnet group.
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Complete internal reflection, Critical Angle, Critical angle (optics), Frustrated TIR, Frustrated Total Internal Reflection, Frustrated tir, Frustrated total internal reflection, Internal reflection, Total Internal Reflection, Total internal reflexion, Total reflection.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_internal_reflection
