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249 relations: Abbott Laboratories, Absence seizure, Acute pancreatitis, Acute promyelocytic leukemia, Adam Ant, Addiction, Agranulocytosis, Animal model of autism, Anti-Hu associated encephalitis, Anticonvulsant, Antifolate, Antipsychotic, Apraxia of Lid Opening, Aspirin, ATC code N03, Atypical antipsychotic, Autism, Autism spectrum, Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Biological psychiatry, Biology of bipolar disorder, Bipolar disorder, Bipolar I disorder, Bipolar II disorder, Birth defect, Borderline personality disorder, C8H16O2, California Proposition 65 list of chemicals, Cannabis use disorder, Carbamazepine, Carbapenem, Carnitine, Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency, Causes of autism, Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, Chlorpromazine, Chorea, Chorea gravidarum, Chromatin remodeling, Clobazam, Clorazepate, Cluster headache, Cortical spreading depression, Craniosynostosis, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, Cross-tolerance, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, ..., Death of Rebecca Riley, Desitin Arzneimittel GmbH, Developmental toxicity, Diabetic neuropathy, Diazepam, Dopamine dysregulation syndrome, Dravet syndrome, Drugs in pregnancy, Effects of cannabis, Eosinophilic myocarditis, Epigenetic regulation of neurogenesis, Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases, Epilepsy, Epilepsy Foundation, Epilepsy in animals, Eslicarbazepine acetate, Ethics in pharmaceutical sales, Ethosuximide, Ethyl cyanoacetate, Febrile seizure, Felbamate, Fluvoxamine, Folate, Folate deficiency, FOSB, Fritz E. Dreifuss, Fryns syndrome, GABA analogue, GABA transaminase inhibitor, GAERS, Gamma-Aminobutyric acid, Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid, Gary Busey, Generalized epilepsy, Glycine encephalopathy, Health effects of tobacco, Hemoperfusion, Hepatitis, Histone deacetylase, Histone deacetylase inhibitor, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, Huntington's disease, Hyperammonemia, Hypereosinophilia, Illusory palinopsia, Imipenem/cilastatin, Index of oncology articles, Induced stem cells, Inositol monophosphatase, Inositol monophosphatase 1, Intermittent explosive disorder, Intractable pain, Iris Chang, Jeavons syndrome, Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, Ketogenic diet, Ketorolac, Kleptomania, Lacosamide, Lactulose, Lafora disease, Lamotrigine, Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, Lesinurad, Leukopenia, Levetiracetam, List of abbreviations for diseases and disorders, List of adverse effects of valproate semisodium, List of adverse effects of valproic acid, List of antineoplastic agents, List of compounds with carbon number 8, List of cytochrome P450 modulators, List of drugs: De, List of drugs: V-Ve, List of largest civil only pharmaceutical settlements, List of largest pharmaceutical settlements, List of largest selling pharmaceutical products, List of medical abbreviations: V, List of medical ethics cases, List of MeSH codes (D02), List of MeSH codes (D10), List of off-label promotion pharmaceutical settlements, List of people with epilepsy, List of psychiatric medications, List of psychiatric medications by condition treated, List of psychotropic medications, List of Rescue 911 episodes, Lithium (medication), Lithium carbonate, Lorazepam, Lung cancer, Lurasidone, Macropsia, Madarosis, Malonic acid, Management of HIV/AIDS, Management of schizophrenia, Mania, Medication overuse headache, Methotrexate, Migraine, Mitochondrial permeability transition pore, Mixed affective state, Monoamine oxidase A, Mood stabilizer, Myelodysplastic syndrome, Myoclonic dystonia, Myoclonus, Naveed Afzal Haq, Neutropenia, Next to Normal, Nocturnal epilepsy, Nodding disease, Nonanoic acid, Nonsynaptic plasticity, Northern epilepsy syndrome, Numb (2007 film), Obesity, Olanzapine, Option grid, Orexigenic, Orrin Devinsky, Pancreatitis, Papaverine, Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia, Pelger–Huet anomaly, Peripheral neuropathy, Persistent aura without infarction, Pharmaceutical industry, Pharmaceutical marketing, Pharmacokinetics, Phenylbutazone, Photosensitive epilepsy, Physical dependence, Pizotifen, Porencephaly, Porphyria, Post-traumatic epilepsy, Post-traumatic seizure, Prevention of migraines, Priapism, Primidone, Progressive myoclonus epilepsy, Prosopometamorphopsia, Psychiatric medication, Quetiapine, Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 1, Reelin, Reflex seizure, Remacemide, Rolandic epilepsy, Sanofi, Schizoaffective disorder, Seletracetam, Septo-optic dysplasia, Serotonin syndrome, Side Effects (2013 film), Sodium oxybate, Spike-and-wave, Spinal muscular atrophy, Status epilepticus, Steroidogenesis inhibitor, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, Stiripentol, Substance dependence, Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, Sydenham's chorea, Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, Tabes dorsalis, Tardive dyskinesia, Temporal lobe epilepsy, Texas Medication Algorithm Project, Therapeutic drug monitoring, Thrombocytopenia, Tofisopam, TopoTarget, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Transaminase, Transient epileptic amnesia, Tranylcypromine, Treatment of bipolar disorder, Trigonocephaly, UGT2B7, Unverricht–Lundborg disease, VA, Valerian (herb), Valeric acid, Valnoctamide, Valproate pivoxil, Valpromide, Verapamil, Vertigo, Vigabatrin, VPA, WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children, 2-Methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, 3D cell culture, 4-aminobutyrate transaminase. 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Abbott Laboratories
Abbott Laboratories is an American health care company with headquarters in Lake Bluff, Illinois, United States.
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Absence seizure
Absence seizures are one of several kinds of generalized seizures.
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Acute pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis).
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Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML, APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a cancer of the white blood cells.
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Adam Ant
Adam Ant (born Stuart Leslie Goddard; 3 November 1954) is an English singer and musician.
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Addiction
Addiction is a brain disorder characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences.
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Agranulocytosis
Agranulocytosis, also known as agranulosis or granulopenia, is an acute condition involving a severe and dangerous leukopenia (lowered white blood cell count), most commonly of neutrophils causing a neutropenia in the circulating blood.
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Animal model of autism
The development of an animal model of autism is one approach researchers use to study potential causes of autism.
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Anti-Hu associated encephalitis
Anti-Hu associated encephalitis, also known as Anti-ANNA1 associated encephalitis, is an uncommon form of brain inflammation that is associated with an underlying cancer.
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Anticonvulsant
Anticonvulsants (also commonly known as antiepileptic drugs or as antiseizure drugs) are a diverse group of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of epileptic seizures.
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Antifolate
Antifolates are a class of antimetabolite medications that antagonise (that is, block) the actions of folic acid (vitamin B9).
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Antipsychotic
Antipsychotics, also known as neuroleptics or major tranquilizers, are a class of medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Apraxia of Lid Opening
Apraxia of lid opening (ALO) is an inability to initiate voluntary eyelid opening following a period of eyelid closure, with normal function at other times.
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Aspirin
Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a medication used to treat pain, fever, or inflammation.
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ATC code N03
N03.
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Atypical antipsychotic
The atypical antipsychotics (AAP; also known as second generation antipsychotics (SGAs)) are a group of antipsychotic drugs (antipsychotic drugs in general are also known as major tranquilizers and neuroleptics, although the latter is usually reserved for the typical antipsychotics) used to treat psychiatric conditions.
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Autism
Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication and by restricted and repetitive behavior.
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Autism spectrum
Autism spectrum, also known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a range of conditions classified as neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a disorder arising from a problem in the inner ear.
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Biological psychiatry
Biological psychiatry or biopsychiatry is an approach to psychiatry that aims to understand mental disorder in terms of the biological function of the nervous system.
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Biology of bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder is an affective disorder characterized by periods of elevated and depressed mood.
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Bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental disorder that causes periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood.
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Bipolar I disorder
Bipolar I disorder (BD-I; pronounced "type one bipolar disorder") is a bipolar spectrum disorder characterized by the occurrence of at least one manic episode, with or without mixed or psychotic features.
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Bipolar II disorder
Bipolar II disorder (BP-II; pronounced "type two bipolar" or "bipolar type two" disorder) is a bipolar spectrum disorder (see also Bipolar disorder) characterized by at least one episode of hypomania and at least one episode of major depression.
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Birth defect
A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is a condition present at birth regardless of its cause.
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Borderline personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder (BPD), also known as emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD), is a long-term pattern of abnormal behavior characterized by unstable relationships with other people, unstable sense of self, and unstable emotions.
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C8H16O2
The molecular formula C8H16O2 may refer to.
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California Proposition 65 list of chemicals
The following is a list of chemicals published as a requirement of Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986, commonly known as California Proposition 65, that are "known to the state to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity" as of December 29, 2017.
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Cannabis use disorder
Cannabis use disorder (CUD) (also known as cannabis or marijuana addiction) is defined in the fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and ICD-10 published by World Health Organization as the continued use of cannabis despite clinically significant impairment, ranging from mild to severe.
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Carbamazepine
Carbamazepine (CBZ), sold under the tradename Tegretol, among others, is a medication used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain.
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Carbapenem
Carbapenems are a class of highly effective antibiotic agents commonly used for the treatment of severe or high-risk bacterial infections.
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Carnitine
Carnitine (β-hydroxy-γ-N-trimethylaminobutyric acid, 3-hydroxy-4-N,N,N- trimethylaminobutyrate) is a quaternary ammonium compound involved in metabolism in most mammals, plants and some bacteria. Carnitine may exist in two isomers, labeled D-carnitine and L-carnitine, as they are optically active. At room temperature, pure carnitine is a white powder, and a water-soluble zwitterion with low toxicity. Carnitine only exists in animals as the L-enantiomer, and D-carnitine is toxic because it inhibits the activity of L-carnitine. Carnitine, derived from an amino acid, is found in nearly all organisms and animal tissue. Carnitine is the generic expression for a number of compounds that include L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, and propionyl-L-carnitine. It is most accumulated in cardiac and skeletal muscles as it accounts for 0.1% of its dry matter. It was first derived from meat extracts in 1905, therefore the name carnitine is derived from Latin "carnus" or flesh. The body synthesizes enough carnitine from lysine side chains to keep up with the needs of energy production in the body as carnitine acts as a transporter of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria to be oxidized and produce energy. Some individuals with genetic or medical disorders (like preterm infants) cannot make enough, so this makes carnitine a conditionally essential nutrient for them.
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Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency (CPT-II) is an autosomal recessively inherited genetic metabolic disorder characterized by an enzymatic defect that prevents long-chain fatty acids from being transported into the mitochondria for utilization as an energy source.
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Causes of autism
Many causes of autism have been proposed, but understanding of the theory of causation of autism and the other autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is incomplete.
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Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a progressive, enduring, and often irreversible condition featuring pain, numbness, tingling and sensitivity to cold in the hands and feet (sometimes progressing to the arms and legs) that afflicts between 30% and 40% of patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine (CPZ), marketed under the trade names Thorazine and Largactil among others, is an antipsychotic medication.
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Chorea
Chorea (or choreia, occasionally) is an abnormal involuntary movement disorder, one of a group of neurological disorders called dyskinesias.
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Chorea gravidarum
Chorea gravidarum is a rare type of chorea which presents with involuntary abnormal movement, characterized by abrupt, brief, nonrhythmic, nonrepetitive movement of any limb, often associated with nonpatterned facial grimaces.
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Chromatin remodeling
Chromatin remodeling is the dynamic modification of chromatin architecture to allow access of condensed genomic DNA to the regulatory transcription machinery proteins, and thereby control gene expression.
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Clobazam
Clobazam (marketed under the brand names Frisium, Urbanol, Onfi and Tapclob) is a benzodiazepine class medication that has been marketed as an anxiolytic since 1975 and an anticonvulsant since 1984.
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Clorazepate
Clorazepate, sold under the brand names Tranxene among others, is a benzodiazepine medication.
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Cluster headache
Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye.
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Cortical spreading depression
Cortical spreading depression (CSD) or spreading depolarization is a wave of electrophysiological hyperactivity followed by a wave of inhibition.
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Craniosynostosis
Craniosynostosis (from cranio, cranium; + syn, together; + ostosis relating to bone) is a condition in which one or more of the fibrous sutures in an infant (very young) skull prematurely fuses by turning into bone (ossification), thereby changing the growth pattern of the skull.
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Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is a universally fatal brain disorder.
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Cross-tolerance
Cross-tolerance is a phenomenon that occurs when tolerance to the effects of a certain drug produces tolerance to another drug.
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CYP2A6
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (abbreviated CYP2A6) is a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, which is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the body.
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CYP2B6
Cytochrome P450 2B6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2B6 gene.
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CYP2C9
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (abbreviated CYP2C9) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2C9 gene.
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CYP3A4
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (abbreviated CYP3A4) is an important enzyme in the body, mainly found in the liver and in the intestine.
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Death of Rebecca Riley
Rebecca Riley (April 11, 2002 – December 13, 2006), the daughter of Michael and Carolyn Riley and resident of Hull, Massachusetts, was found dead in her home after prolonged exposure to various medications, her lungs filled with fluid.
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Desitin Arzneimittel GmbH
Desitin Arzneimittel GmbH is a German producer, mostly of CNS drugs (one of the leading German antiepileptic generics mark) such as Orfiril (sodium valproate film-coated tablets, gastroresistent tablets, sustained release tablets and extended-release granulate), Luminal (phenobarbital tablets and sodium phenobarbital injections), Lamotrigin (lamotrigine) and Timonil (carbamazepine).
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Developmental toxicity
Developmental toxicity is any structural or functional alteration, reversible or irreversible, which interferes with homeostasis, normal growth, differentiation, development or behavior, and which is caused by environmental insult (including drugs, lifestyle factors such as alcohol, diet, and environmental toxic chemicals or physical factors).
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Diabetic neuropathy
Diabetic neuropathies are nerve damaging disorders associated with diabetes mellitus.
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Diazepam
Diazepam, first marketed as Valium, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that typically produces a calming effect.
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Dopamine dysregulation syndrome
Dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) is a dysfunction of the reward system observed in some individuals taking dopaminergic medications for an extended length of time.
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Dravet syndrome
Dravet syndrome, previously known as severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI), is a type of epilepsy with seizures that are often triggered by hot temperatures or fever.
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Drugs in pregnancy
Drugs in pregnancy can be either pharmaceutical or recreational and can have temporary or permanent effects on the fetus.
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Effects of cannabis
The effects of cannabis are caused by the chemical compounds in the plant, including cannabinoids, such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is only one of more than 100 different cannabinoids present in the plant.
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Eosinophilic myocarditis
Eosinophilic myocarditis is inflammation in the heart muscle that is caused by the infiltration and destructive activity of a type of white blood cell, the eosinophil.
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Epigenetic regulation of neurogenesis
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression which do not result from modifications to the sequence of DNA.
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Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases
Para-sagittal MRI of the head in a patient with benign familial macrocephaly.Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogenous group of complex disorders linked by the degeneration of neurons in either the peripheral nervous system or the central nervous system.
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Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by epileptic seizures.
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Epilepsy Foundation
The Epilepsy Foundation, also Epilepsy Foundation of America (EFA), is a non-profit national foundation, headquartered in Landover, Maryland, dedicated to the welfare of people with epilepsy and seizure disorders.
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Epilepsy in animals
Epilepsy in animals is a group of neurological disorders characterized by seizures, caused by abnormal bursts of electrical activity in the brain.
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Eslicarbazepine acetate
Eslicarbazepine acetate (trade names Aptiom in North America, Zebinix in Europe, Exalief in Russia, Eslicarba in Egypt), abbreviated as ESL, is an anticonvulsant medication approved for use in Europe and the United States as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy (additional therapy) for partial-onset seizures epilepsy.
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Ethics in pharmaceutical sales
The ethics involved within pharmaceutical sales is built from the organizational ethics, which is a matter of system compliance, accountability and culture (Grace & Cohen, 2005).
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Ethosuximide
Ethosuximide, sold under the brand name Zarontin among others, is a medication used to treat absence seizures.
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Ethyl cyanoacetate
Ethyl cyanoacetate is an organic compound that contains a carboxylate ester and a nitrile.
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Febrile seizure
A febrile seizure, also known as a fever fit or febrile convulsion, is a seizure associated with a high body temperature but without any serious underlying health issue.
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Felbamate
Felbamate (marketed under the brand name Felbatol by MedPointe) is an anticonvulsant used in the treatment of epilepsy.
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Fluvoxamine
Fluvoxamine, sold under the brand name Luvox among others, is a medication which is used primarily for the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and is also used to treat major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders such as panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Folate
Folate, distinct forms of which are known as folic acid, folacin, and vitamin B9, is one of the B vitamins.
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Folate deficiency
Folate deficiency is a low level of folic acid and derivatives in the body.
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FOSB
FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B, also known as Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B, FOSB or FosB, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the FOSB gene.
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Fritz E. Dreifuss
Fritz E. Dreifuss, MD (January 20, 1926 – October 18, 1997) was a German-born, New Zealand-educated, American neurologist and subspecialist in epilepsy based at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia, US.
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Fryns syndrome
Fryns syndrome is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly syndrome that is usually lethal in the neonatal period.
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GABA analogue
A GABA analogue is a compound which is an analogue or derivative of the neurotransmitter gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) (the IUPAC of which is 4-aminobutanoic acid).
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GABA transaminase inhibitor
A GABA transaminase inhibitor is an enzyme inhibitor that acts upon GABA transaminase.
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GAERS
The GAERS or Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rat from Strasbourg is a recognized animal model of absence epilepsy, a typical childhood form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent loss of contact and concomitant pattern on the electroencephalogram called "spike-and-wave" discharges.
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Gamma-Aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric acid, or γ-aminobutyric acid, or GABA, is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system.
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Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid
γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), also known as 4-hydroxybutanoic acid, is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter and a psychoactive drug.
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Gary Busey
William Gary Busey (born June 29, 1944) is an American actor.
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Generalized epilepsy
Generalized epilepsy, also known as primary generalized epilepsy or idiopathic epilepsy, is a form of epilepsy characterised by generalised seizures with no apparent cause.
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Glycine encephalopathy
Glycine encephalopathy (also known as non-ketotic hyperglycinemia or NKH) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of glycine metabolism.
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Health effects of tobacco
Tobacco use has predominantly negative effects on human health and concern about health effects of tobacco has a long history.
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Hemoperfusion
Hemoperfusion or haemoperfusion (see spelling differences) is a method of filtering the blood extracorporeally (that is, outside the body) to remove a toxin.
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Hepatitis
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue.
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Histone deacetylase
Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O.
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Histone deacetylase inhibitor
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC inhibitors, HDACi, HDIs) are chemical compounds that inhibit histone deacetylases.
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Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 or human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I), also called the adult T-cell lymphoma virus type 1, is a retrovirus of the human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) family that has been implicated in several kinds of diseases including very aggressive adult T-cell lymphoma (ATL), HTLV-I-associated myelopathy, uveitis, Strongyloides stercoralis hyper-infection and some other diseases.
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Huntington's disease
Huntington's disease (HD), also known as Huntington's chorea, is an inherited disorder that results in death of brain cells.
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Hyperammonemia
Hyperammonemia (or hyperammonaemia) is a metabolic disturbance characterised by an excess of ammonia in the blood.
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Hypereosinophilia
Hypereosinophilia is an elevation in an individual's circulating blood eosinophil count above 15.0 x 109/L (i.e. 1,500/μL).
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Illusory palinopsia
Illusory palinopsia (Greek: palin for "again" and opsia for "seeing") is a subtype of palinopsia, a visual disturbance defined as the persistence or recurrence of a visual image after the stimulus has been removed.
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Imipenem/cilastatin
Imipenem/cilastatin, sold under the brand name Primaxin among others, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.
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Index of oncology articles
This is a list of terms related to oncology.
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Induced stem cells
Induced stem cells (iSC) are stem cells derived from somatic, reproductive, pluripotent or other cell types by deliberate epigenetic reprogramming.
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Inositol monophosphatase
Inositol monophosphatase, commonly referred to as IMPase, is an enzyme of the phosphodiesterase family of enzymes.
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Inositol monophosphatase 1
Inositol monophosphatase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the IMPA1 gene.
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Intermittent explosive disorder
Intermittent explosive disorder (sometimes abbreviated as IED) is a behavioral disorder characterized by explosive outbursts of anger and violence, often to the point of rage, that are disproportionate to the situation at hand (e.g., impulsive screaming triggered by relatively inconsequential events).
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Intractable pain
Intractable pain, also known as Intractable Pain Disease or IP, is a severe, constant pain that is not curable by any known means and which causes a bed or house-bound state and early death if not adequately treated, usually with opioids and/or interventional procedures.
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Iris Chang
Iris Shun-Ru Chang (March 28, 1968November 9, 2004) was an American author，Journalist， Historian, and Human Rights Activist.
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Jeavons syndrome
Jeavons syndrome is a type of epilepsy.
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Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), also known as Janz syndrome, is a fairly common form of idiopathic generalized epilepsy, representing 5-10% of all epilepsy cases.
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Ketogenic diet
The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that in medicine is used primarily to treat difficult-to-control (refractory) epilepsy in children.
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Ketorolac
Ketorolac, sold under the brand name Toradol among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the family of heterocyclic acetic acid derivatives, used as an analgesic.
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Kleptomania
Kleptomania or klopemania is the inability to refrain from the urge for stealing items and is usually done for reasons other than personal use or financial gain.
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Lacosamide
Lacosamide (INN, formerly known as erlosamide, harkeroside, SPM 927, or ADD 234037), is a medication for the adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures and diabetic neuropathic pain.
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Lactulose
Lactulose is a non-absorbable sugar used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.
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Lafora disease
Lafora disease, also called Lafora progressive myoclonic epilepsy or MELF, is a fatal autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by the presence of inclusion bodies, known as Lafora bodies, within the cytoplasm of the cells in the heart, liver, muscle, and skin.
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Lamotrigine
Lamotrigine, sold as the brand name Lamictal among others, is an anticonvulsant medication used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder.
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Lennox–Gastaut syndrome
Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a childhood-onset epilepsy that most often appears between the second and sixth year of life.
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Lesinurad
Lesinurad (brand name Zurampic) is a urate transporter inhibitor for treating hyperuricemia associated with gout.
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Leukopenia
Leukopenia is a decrease in the number of white blood cells (leukocytes) found in the blood, which places individuals at increased risk of infection.
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Levetiracetam
Levetiracetam, marketed under the trade names Keppra among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy.
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List of abbreviations for diseases and disorders
This is a list of acronyms and initials related to diseases (infectious or non-infectious) and medical disorders.
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List of adverse effects of valproate semisodium
Adverse effects by frequency for use of valproate semisodium.
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List of adverse effects of valproic acid
List of adverse effects of valproic acid by frequency.
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List of antineoplastic agents
This is a list of antineoplastic agents used to treat cancer.
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List of compounds with carbon number 8
This is a partial list of molecules that contain 8 carbon atoms.
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List of cytochrome P450 modulators
This is a list of cytochrome P450 modulators, or inhibitors and inducers of cytochrome P450 enzymes.
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List of drugs: De
No description.
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List of drugs: V-Ve
No description.
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List of largest civil only pharmaceutical settlements
The following is a list of the 21 largest civil settlements, reached between the United States Department of Justice and pharmaceutical companies from 2001 to 2017, ordered by the size of the total civil settlement.
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List of largest pharmaceutical settlements
The following is a list of the 20 largest settlements reached between the United States Department of Justice and pharmaceutical companies from 1991 to 2012, ordered by the size of the total settlement.
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List of largest selling pharmaceutical products
Drugs with sales above $5 billion in 2015 included.
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List of medical abbreviations: V
Category:Lists of medical abbreviations.
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List of medical ethics cases
Some cases have been remarkable for starting broad discussion and for setting precedent in medical ethics.
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List of MeSH codes (D02)
This is the fourth part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.
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List of MeSH codes (D10)
This is the fourth part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.
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List of off-label promotion pharmaceutical settlements
The following are settlements reached with US authorities against pharmaceutical companies to resolve allegations of "off-label" promotion of drugs.
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List of people with epilepsy
This is a list of notable people who have, or had, the medical condition epilepsy.
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List of psychiatric medications
This is an alphabetical list of psychiatric medications used by psychiatrists and other physicians to treat mental illness or distress.
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List of psychiatric medications by condition treated
This is a list of psychiatric medications used by psychiatrists and other physicians to treat mental illness or distress.
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List of psychotropic medications
List of medications which are used to treat psychiatric conditions that are on the market in the United States (this list is incomplete; the title of the entry is "List of Psychotropic Medications" and what follows is a list of psychiatric drugs - not all psychotropic agents are used to treat psychiatric conditions. A couple of examples are 'Tramadol' and 'Morphine').
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List of Rescue 911 episodes
The following is a list of episodes of the CBS television series Rescue 911.
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Lithium (medication)
Lithium compounds, also known as lithium salts, are primarily used as a psychiatric medication.
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Lithium carbonate
No description.
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Lorazepam
Lorazepam, sold under the brand name Ativan among others, is a benzodiazepine medication.
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Lung cancer
Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.
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Lurasidone
Lurasidone (trade name Latuda) is an atypical antipsychotic developed by Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma and marketed by Sunovion in the U.S. It has been an FDA approved treatment for schizophrenia since 2010 and for treating depressive episodes in adults with bipolar I disorder since 2013.
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Macropsia
Macropsia (also known as megalopia) is a neurological condition affecting human visual perception, in which objects within an affected section of the visual field appear larger than normal, causing the person to feel smaller than they actually are.
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Madarosis
Madarosis is a condition that results in the loss of eyelashes, and sometimes eyebrows.
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Malonic acid
Malonic acid (IUPAC systematic name: propanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
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Management of HIV/AIDS
The management of HIV/AIDS normally includes the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs in an attempt to control HIV infection.
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Management of schizophrenia
Management of schizophrenia usually involved many aspects including psychological, pharmacological, social, educational, and employment-related interventions directed to recovery, reducing the impact of the disease on quality of life, social functioning, and longevity.
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Mania
Mania, also known as manic syndrome, is a state of abnormally elevated arousal, affect, and energy level, or "a state of heightened overall activation with enhanced affective expression together with lability of affect." Although mania is often conceived as a "mirror image" to depression, the heightened mood can be either euphoric or irritable; indeed, as the mania intensifies, irritability can be more pronounced and result in violence, or anxiety.
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Medication overuse headache
Medication overuse headache (MOH), also known as rebound headache usually occurs when analgesics are taken frequently to relieve headaches.
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Methotrexate
Methotrexate (MTX), formerly known as amethopterin, is a chemotherapy agent and immune system suppressant.
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Migraine
A migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that are moderate to severe.
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Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP or MPTP; also referred to as PTP, mTP or MTP) is a protein that is formed in the inner membrane of the mitochondria under certain pathological conditions such as traumatic brain injury and stroke.
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Mixed affective state
Traditionally, a mixed affective state, formerly known as a mixed-manic or mixed episode, has been defined as a state wherein features unique to both depression and mania—such as despair, fatigue, morbid or suicidal ideation, racing thoughts, pressure of activity, and heightened irritability—occur either simultaneously or in very short succession.
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Monoamine oxidase A
Monoamine oxidase A, also known as MAO-A, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAOA gene.
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Mood stabilizer
A mood stabilizer is a psychiatric pharmaceutical drug used to treat mood disorders characterized by intense and sustained mood shifts, typically bipolar disorder type I or type II, borderline personality disorder (BPD) and schizophrenia.
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Myelodysplastic syndrome
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of cancers in which immature blood cells in the bone marrow do not mature and therefore do not become healthy blood cells.
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Myoclonic dystonia
Myoclonic dystonia or Myoclonus dystonia syndrome is a rare movement disorder that induces spontaneous muscle contraction causing abnormal posture.
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Myoclonus
Myoclonus is a brief, involuntary twitching of a muscle or a group of muscles.
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Naveed Afzal Haq
Naveed Afzal Haq (born September 23, 1975) is a U.S. citizen of Pakistani descent who was convicted of crimes relating to the 2006 Seattle Jewish Federation shooting.
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Neutropenia
Neutropenia or neutropaenia is an abnormally low concentration of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) in the blood.
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Next to Normal
Next to Normal (stylized as next to normal) is a 2008 American rock musical with book and lyrics by Brian Yorkey and music by Tom Kitt.
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Nocturnal epilepsy
Nocturnal epilepsy is a seizure disorder in which seizures occur only while sleeping.
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Nodding disease
Nodding disease or nodding syndrome is a recent, little-known disease which emerged in Sudan in the 1960s.
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Nonanoic acid
Nonanoic acid, also called pelargonic acid, is an organic compound composed of a nine-carbon chain terminating in a carboxylic acid with structural formula CH3(CH2)7COOH.
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Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs).
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Northern epilepsy syndrome
Northern epilepsy syndrome or progressive epilepsy with mental retardation (EPMR) is a subtype of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis and a rare disease that is regarded as a Finnish heritage disease.
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Numb (2007 film)
Numb is a 2007 American drama film written and directed by Harris Goldberg.
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Obesity
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health.
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Olanzapine
Olanzapine (originally branded Zyprexa) is an antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Option grid
Option Grid is the name for a tool for patients and providers to use together when they are discussing and deciding what best to do about possible options, either treatments or tests.
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Orexigenic
An orexigenic, or appetite stimulant, is a drug, hormone, or compound that increases appetite and may induce hyperphagia.
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Orrin Devinsky
Orrin Devinsky, M.D. (born February 12, 1957) is the Director of the NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center and the Saint Barnabas Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery (INN).
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Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas.
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Papaverine
Papaverine (Latin papaver, "poppy") is an opium alkaloid antispasmodic drug, used primarily in the treatment of visceral spasm and vasospasm (especially those involving the intestines, heart, or brain), and occasionally in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
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Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia
Paroxysmal Nonkinesigenic Dyskinesia (PNKD) is an episodic movement disorder first described by Mount and Reback in 1940 under the name "Familial paroxysmal choreoathetosis".
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Pelger–Huet anomaly
Pelger–Huët anomaly (pronunciation) is a blood laminopathy associated with the lamin B receptor.
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Peripheral neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is damage to or disease affecting nerves, which may impair sensation, movement, gland or organ function, or other aspects of health, depending on the type of nerve affected.
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Persistent aura without infarction
Persistent aura without infarction (PAWOI) is a little-known condition, first described under the designation prolonged migraine aura status, that is not yet fully understood.
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Pharmaceutical industry
The pharmaceutical industry (or medicine industry) is the commercial industry that discovers, develops, produces, and markets drugs or pharmaceutical drugs for use as different types of medicine and medications.
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Pharmaceutical marketing
Pharmaceutical marketing, sometimes called medico-marketing or pharma marketing in some countries, is the business of advertising or otherwise promoting the sale of pharmaceutical drugs.
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Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics (from Ancient Greek pharmakon "drug" and kinetikos "moving, putting in motion"; see chemical kinetics), sometimes abbreviated as PK, is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered to a living organism.
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Phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone, often referred to as "bute," is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for the short-term treatment of pain and fever in animals.
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Photosensitive epilepsy
Photosensitive epilepsy (PSE) is a form of epilepsy in which seizures are triggered by visual stimuli that form patterns in time or space, such as flashing lights; bold, regular patterns; or regular moving patterns.
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Physical dependence
Physical dependence is a physical condition caused by chronic use of a tolerance forming drug, in which abrupt or gradual drug withdrawal causes unpleasant physical symptoms.
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Pizotifen
Pizotifen (INN) or pizotyline (USAN), trade name Sandomigran, is a benzocycloheptene-based drug used as a medicine, primarily as a preventative to reduce the frequency of recurrent migraine headaches.
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Porencephaly
Porencephaly is an extremely rare cephalic disorder involving encephalomalacia.
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Porphyria
Porphyria is a group of diseases in which substances called porphyrins build up, negatively affecting the skin or nervous system.
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Post-traumatic epilepsy
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a form of epilepsy that results from brain damage caused by physical trauma to the brain (traumatic brain injury, abbreviated TBI).
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Post-traumatic seizure
Post-traumatic seizures (PTS) are seizures that result from traumatic brain injury (TBI), brain damage caused by physical trauma.
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Prevention of migraines
Preventive (also called prophylactic) treatment of migraines can be an important component of migraine management.
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Priapism
Priapism is a condition in which a penis remains erect for hours in the absence of stimulation or after stimulation has ended.
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Primidone
Primidone (INN, BAN, USP) is an anticonvulsant of the barbiturate class.
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Progressive myoclonus epilepsy
Progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME) is a rare epilepsy syndrome caused by a variety of genetic disorders.
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Prosopometamorphopsia
Prosopometamorphopsia is a rare visual perceptual distortion resulting in an altered perception of faces.
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Psychiatric medication
A psychiatric medication is a licensed psychoactive drug taken to exert an effect on the chemical makeup of the brain and nervous system.
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Quetiapine
Quetiapine, marketed as Seroquel among other names, is an atypical antipsychotic used for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder.
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Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 1
Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) type 1 is a rare, degenerative, neurological disorder characterized by myoclonus epilepsy, intention tremor, progressive ataxia and occasionally cognitive impairment It has also been alternatively called dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica, dyssynergia cerebellaris progressiva, dentatorubral degeneration, or Ramsay Hunt cerebellar syndrome.
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Reelin
Reelin (RELN) is a large secreted extracellular matrix glycoprotein that helps regulate processes of neuronal migration and positioning in the developing brain by controlling cell-cell interactions.
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Reflex seizure
Reflex seizures are epileptic seizures that are consistently induced by a specific stimulus or trigger making them distinct from normal eplipetic seizures, which are usually unprovoked.
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Remacemide
Remacemide is a drug which acts as a low-affinity NMDA antagonist with sodium channel blocking properties.
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Rolandic epilepsy
Benign Rolandic epilepsy or benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS) is the most common epilepsy syndrome in childhood.
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Sanofi
Sanofi S.A. is a French multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Gentilly, France, as of 2013 the world's fifth-largest by prescription sales.
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Schizoaffective disorder
Schizoaffective disorder (SZA, SZD or SAD) is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal thought processes and deregulated emotions.
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Seletracetam
Seletracetam (UCB 44212) is a pyrrolidone-derived drug of the racetam family that is structurally related to levetiracetam (trade name Keppra).
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Septo-optic dysplasia
Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD), (de Morsier syndrome) is a rare congenital malformation syndrome featuring underdevelopment of the optic nerve, pituitary gland dysfunction, and absence of the septum pellucidum (a midline part of the brain).
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Serotonin syndrome
Serotonin syndrome (SS) is a group of symptoms that may occur following use of certain serotonergic medications or drugs.
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Side Effects (2013 film)
Side Effects is a 2013 American psychological thriller film directed by Steven Soderbergh and written by Scott Z. Burns.
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Sodium oxybate
Sodium oxybate is a prescription medication used to treat two symptoms of narcolepsy: sudden muscle weakness and excessive daytime sleepiness.
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Spike-and-wave
Spike-and-wave is a pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) typically observed during epileptic seizures.
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Spinal muscular atrophy
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neuromuscular disorder characterised by loss of motor neurons and progressive muscle wasting, often leading to early death.
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Status epilepticus
Status epilepticus (SE) is a single epileptic seizure lasting more than five minutes or two or more seizures within a five-minute period without the person returning to normal between them.
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Steroidogenesis inhibitor
A steroidogenesis inhibitor, also known as a steroid biosynthesis inhibitor, is a type of drug which inhibits one or more of the enzymes that are involved in the process of steroidogenesis, the biosynthesis of endogenous steroids and steroid hormones.
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Stevens–Johnson syndrome
Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a type of severe skin reaction.
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Stiripentol
Stiripentol (marketed as Diacomit by Laboratoires Biocodex) is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy.
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Substance dependence
Substance dependence also known as drug dependence is an adaptive state that develops from repeated drug administration, and which results in withdrawal upon cessation of drug use.
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Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD), also known as 4-hydroxybutyric aciduria or gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the degradation pathway of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid, or GABA.
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Sydenham's chorea
Sydenham's chorea (SC) or chorea minor (historically and traditionally referred to as St Vitus' dance) is a disorder characterized by rapid, uncoordinated jerking movements primarily affecting the face, hands and feet.
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Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is characterized by excessive unsuppressible release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) either from the posterior pituitary gland, or an abnormal non-pituitary source.
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Tabes dorsalis
Tabes dorsalis, also known as syphilitic myelopathy, is a slow degeneration (specifically, demyelination) of the neural tracts primarily in the dorsal columns (posterior columns) of the spinal cord (the portion closest to the back of the body) & dorsal roots.
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Tardive dyskinesia
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a disorder that results in involuntary, repetitive body movements.
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Temporal lobe epilepsy
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a chronic disorder of the nervous system characterized by recurrent, unprovoked focal seizures that originate in the temporal lobe of the brain and last about one or two minutes.
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Texas Medication Algorithm Project
The Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP) is a controversial decision-tree medical algorithm, the design of which was based on the expert opinions of mental health specialists.
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Therapeutic drug monitoring
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a branch of clinical chemistry and clinical pharmacology that specializes in the measurement of medication concentrations in blood.
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Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of thrombocytes, also known as platelets, in the blood.
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Tofisopam
Tofisopam (Emandaxin, Grandaxin, Sériel) is an anxiolytic that is marketed in several European countries.
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TopoTarget
TopoTarget was a Copenhagen-based biotechnology company focused on the discovery and development of drugs and therapies to treat cancer.
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Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a type of severe skin reaction.
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Transaminase
Transaminases or aminotransferases are enzymes that catalyze a transamination reaction between an amino acid and an α-keto acid.
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Transient epileptic amnesia
Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is a rare but probably underdiagnosed neurological condition which manifests as relatively brief and generally recurring episodes of amnesia caused by underlying temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Tranylcypromine
Tranylcypromine (contracted from trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine; original trade name Parnate)Drugs.com.
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Treatment of bipolar disorder
The emphasis of the treatment of bipolar disorder is on effective management of the long-term course of the illness, which can involve treatment of emergent symptoms.
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Trigonocephaly
Trigonocephaly (from Greek trigonon, "triangle", and kephale, "head") is a congenital condition of premature fusion of the metopic suture (from Greek metopon, "forehead"), leading to a triangular shaped forehead.
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UGT2B7
UGT2B7 (UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase-2B7) is a phase II metabolism isoenzyme found to be active in the liver, kidneys, epithelial cells of the lower gastrointestinal tract and also has been reported in the brain.
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Unverricht–Lundborg disease
Unverricht–Lundborg disease (abbreviated ULD or EPM1) is the most common form of an uncommon group of genetic epilepsy disorders called the progressive myoclonus epilepsies.
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VA
VA, Va and variants may refer to.
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Valerian (herb)
Valerian (Valeriana officinalis, Caprifoliaceae) is a perennial flowering plant native to Europe and Asia.
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Valeric acid
Valeric acid, or pentanoic acid, is a straight-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula.
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Valnoctamide
Valnoctamide (INN, USAN) has been used in France as a sedative-hypnotic since 1964.
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Valproate pivoxil
Valproate pivoxil (Pivadin, Valproxen) is an anticonvulsant used in the treatment of epilepsy.
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Valpromide
Valpromide (marketed as Depamide by Sanofi-Aventis) is a carboxamide derivative of valproic acid used in the treatment of epilepsy and some affective disorders.
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Verapamil
Verapamil, sold under various trade names, is a medication used for the treatment of high blood pressure, angina (chest pain from not enough blood flow to the heart), and supraventricular tachycardia.
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Vertigo
Vertigo is a symptom where a person feels as if they or the objects around them are moving when they are not.
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Vigabatrin
Vigabatrin, brand name Sabril, is an antiepileptic drug that inhibits the breakdown of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by acting as a suicide inhibitor of the enzyme GABA transaminase (GABA-T).
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VPA
VPA may refer to.
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a health system.
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children is a list, proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), of the most effective and safe medicines for use in children up to 12 years of age needed to meet the most important needs in a basic health-care system.
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2-Methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
2-Methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, also called 2-Methylbutyryl glycinuria or short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SBCADD), is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder.
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3D cell culture
A 3D cell culture is an artificially created environment in which biological cells are permitted to grow or interact with their surroundings in all three dimensions.
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4-aminobutyrate transaminase
In enzymology, 4-aminobutyrate transaminase, also called GABA transaminase or 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 4-aminobutanoate (GABA) and 2-oxoglutarate.
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Redirects here:
2-propylpentanoic acid, ATC code N03AG01, ATCvet code QN03AG01, Absenor, Alti-Valproic, Avugane, Baceca, Convulex, Delepsine, Depacain, Depacaine, Depacane, Depacoat, Depacon, Depacote, Depakain, Depakaine, Depakene, Depakine, Depakote, Depakote CP, Depakote ER, Depakote Sprinkle, Depakote cp, Depakote er, Depicain, Depicaine, Depicane, Depicon, Depikain, Depikane, Depocain, Depocaine, Depocane, Depocoat, Depocon, Depokain, Depokane, Depokote, Deproic, Divaldin, Divalproex, Divalproex sodium, Dom-Valproic, Epilex, Epilim, Episenta, Epival, Ergenyl, Fetal valproate syndrome, Med Valproic, Mylproin, Natrium Valproate, Novo-Valproic, Nu-Valproic, Orfiril, PMS-Valproic Acid, Penta-Valproic, Savicol, Semisodium valproate, Sodium 2-propylpentanoate, Sodium Valproate, Sodium valproate, Stavzor, Stazvor, Valcote, Valparin, Valproate semisodium, Valproate sodium, Valproic Acid, Valproic acid.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valproate
