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126 relations: Acetylcholine, Acute liver failure, Adaptation to extrauterine life, Adrenergic antagonist, AH-1058, Amlodipine, Antihypotensive agent, Aortic stenosis, Arterial resistivity index, Arteriole, Arteriovenous fistula, Artery, Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor, Baroreceptor, Baroreflex, Beta blocker, BK channel, Blood pressure, Blood vessel, Bosentan, Brain natriuretic peptide, Cardiovascular physiology, Central venous pressure, Chlortalidone, Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, Circulatory system, Clevidipine, Clonidine, Collateral circulation, Compliance (physiology), Complications of hypertension, Continuous noninvasive arterial pressure, Coronary flow reserve, Coronary steal, Diltiazem, Discovery and development of beta-blockers, Distributive shock, Dog health, Earl Wood, Eclampsia, Endothelial dysfunction, Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, Eprosartan, Essential hypertension, Etilefrine, Fåhræus–Lindqvist effect, Filter cake, Flavin-containing monooxygenase, Fontan procedure, Fosinopril, ..., Gaseous signaling molecules, Handgrip maneuver, Heart, Heart failure, Hemodynamics, Hemorheology, Hepatorenal syndrome, Hydralazine, Hydrochlorothiazide, Hydronephrosis, Hyperdynamic circulation, Hypertension, Hypertensive emergency, Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Hypothermia, Hypoxia in fish, Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, Infant respiratory distress syndrome, Labetalol, List of human endocrine organs and actions, List of human hormones, List of medical abbreviations: P, List of medical abbreviations: S, List of MeSH codes (G09), Lung, Matthew N. Levy, Mean arterial pressure, Mean systemic pressure, Methoxyflurane, Myogenic mechanism, Nebivolol, Neurogenic shock, Nicergoline, Nitrendipine, Nitric oxide synthase, Norepinephrine (medication), Organ-on-a-chip, P2X purinoreceptor, Pacemaker syndrome, Patent ductus arteriosus, Pathophysiology of hypertension, Placental insufficiency, Propofol, Pulmonary circulation, Pulmonary contusion, Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy, Pulse, Pulse pressure, PVR, Quantium Medical Cardiac Output, Ramipril, Reflex bradycardia, Renin inhibitor, Resuscitation, Roland Stocker, Sepsis, Septic shock, Sodium thiopental, Southern bluefin tuna, Squatting position, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Surface chemistry of microvasculature, SVR, Tetralogy of Fallot, TPR, Transgender hormone therapy (male-to-female), Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, Vasoactivity, Vasoconstriction, Vasodilation, Vasomotor, Vasoplegic syndrome, Vasopressin, Waon therapy, Watson's water hammer pulse, Windkessel effect. Expand index (76 more) »
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic chemical that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals, including humans, as a neurotransmitter—a chemical message released by nerve cells to send signals to other cells.
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Acute liver failure
Acute liver failure is the appearance of severe complications rapidly after the first signs of liver disease (such as jaundice), and indicates that the liver has sustained severe damage (loss of function of 80–90% of liver cells).
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Adaptation to extrauterine life
At the end of pregnancy, the fetus must take the journey of childbirth to leave the reproductive mother.
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Adrenergic antagonist
An adrenergic antagonist is a drug that inhibits the function of adrenergic receptors.
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AH-1058
AH-1058 is a lipophilic antiarrhythmic calcium channel blocker synthesized by the Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories of Ajinomoto Co., Inc in Kawasaki, Japan.
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Amlodipine
Amlodipine, sold under the brand name Norvasc among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure and coronary artery disease.
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Antihypotensive agent
An antihypotensive agent, also known as a vasopressor agent or pressor, is any medication that tends to raise reduced blood pressure.
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Aortic stenosis
Aortic stenosis (AS or AoS) is the narrowing of the exit of the left ventricle of the heart (where the aorta begins), such that problems result.
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Arterial resistivity index
The arterial resistivity index (also called as Resistance index, abbreviated as RI), developed by Leandre Pourcelot, is a measure of pulsatile blood flow that reflects the resistance to blood flow caused by microvascular bed distal to the site of measurement.
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Arteriole
An arteriole is a small-diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries.
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Arteriovenous fistula
An arteriovenous fistula is an abnormal connection or passageway between an artery and a vein.
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Artery
An artery (plural arteries) is a blood vessel that takes blood away from the heart to all parts of the body (tissues, lungs, etc).
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Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor
An atrial natriuretic peptide receptor is a receptor for atrial natriuretic peptide.
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Baroreceptor
Baroreceptors (or archaically, pressoreceptors) are sensors located in the blood vessels of all vertebrate animals.
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Baroreflex
The baroreflex or baroreceptor reflex is one of the body's homeostatic mechanisms that helps to maintain blood pressure at nearly constant levels.
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Beta blocker
Beta blockers, also written β-blockers, are a class of medications that are particularly used to manage abnormal heart rhythms, and to protect the heart from a second heart attack (myocardial infarction) after a first heart attack (secondary prevention).
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BK channel
BK channels (Big Potassium), also known as Maxi-K, slo1, or Kcal.1, are voltage-gated potassium channels that conduct large amounts of potassium ions (K+) across the cell membrane, hence their name, Big Potassium.
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Blood pressure
Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels.
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Blood vessel
The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system, and microcirculation, that transports blood throughout the human body.
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Bosentan
Bosentan is a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH).
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Brain natriuretic peptide
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), also known as B-type natriuretic peptide, is a hormone secreted by cardiomyocytes in the heart ventricles in response to stretching caused by increased ventricular blood volume.
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Cardiovascular physiology
Cardiovascular physiology is the study of the circulatory system, specifically addressing the physiology of the heart ("cardio") and blood vessels ("vascular").
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Central venous pressure
Central venous pressure (CVP) is the blood pressure in the venae cavae, near the right atrium of the heart.
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Chlortalidone
Chlortalidone (INN/BAN) or chlorthalidone (USAN) is a diuretic medication used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure), originally marketed as Hygroton in the USA.
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Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a long-term disease caused by a blockage in the blood vessels that deliver blood from the heart to the lungs (pulmonary arteries), resulting in increased pressure in these arteries (pulmonary hypertension).
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Circulatory system
The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis.
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Clevidipine
Clevidipine (INN, trade name Cleviprex) is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker indicated for the reduction of blood pressure when oral therapy is not feasible or not desirable.
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Clonidine
Clonidine (trade names Catapres, Kapvay, Nexiclon, Clophelin, and others) is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, tic disorders, withdrawal (from either alcohol, opioids, or smoking), migraine, menopausal flushing, diarrhea, and certain pain conditions.
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Collateral circulation
Collateral circulation is the alternate circulation around a blocked artery or vein via another path, such as nearby minor vessels.
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Compliance (physiology)
Compliance is the ability of a hollow organ (vessel) to distend and increase volume with increasing transmural pressure or the tendency of a hollow organ to resist recoil toward its original dimensions on application of a distending or compressing force.
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Complications of hypertension
Main complications of persistent high blood pressure Complications of hypertension are clinical outcomes that result from persistent elevation of blood pressure.
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Continuous noninvasive arterial pressure
Continuous noninvasive arterial pressure (CNAP) is the method of measuring arterial blood pressure in real-time without any interruptions (continuously) and without cannulating the human body (noninvasive).
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Coronary flow reserve
Coronary flow reserve (CFR) is the maximum increase in blood flow through the coronary arteries above the normal resting volume.
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Coronary steal
Coronary steal (with its symptoms termed coronary steal syndrome or cardiac steal syndrome) is a phenomenon where an alteration of circulation patterns leads to a reduction in the blood directed to the coronary circulation.
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Diltiazem
Diltiazem (INN) is a nondihydropyridine (non-DHP) calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and some types of arrhythmia.
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Discovery and development of beta-blockers
β adrenergic receptor antagonists (also called beta-blockers or β-blockers) were initially developed in the 1960s, for the treatment of angina pectoris but are now also used for hypertension, congestive heart failure and certain arrhythmias.
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Distributive shock
Distributive shock is a medical condition in which abnormal distribution of blood flow in the smallest blood vessels results in inadequate supply of blood to the body's tissues and organs.
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Dog health
The health of dogs is a well studied area in veterinary medicine.
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Earl Wood
Earl H. (Howard) Wood (c. January 1, 1912 – March 18, 2009) was a cardiopulmonary physiologist who helped invent the G-suit.
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Eclampsia
Eclampsia is the onset of seizures (convulsions) in a woman with pre-eclampsia.
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Endothelial dysfunction
In vascular diseases, endothelial dysfunction is a systemic pathological state of the endothelium.
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Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor
In blood vessels Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor or EDHF is proposed to be a substance and/or electrical signal that is generated or synthesized in and released from the endothelium; its action is to hyperpolarize vascular smooth muscle cells, causing these cells to relax, thus allowing the blood vessel to expand in diameter.
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Eprosartan
Eprosartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.
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Essential hypertension
Essential hypertension (also called primary hypertension or idiopathic hypertension) is the form of hypertension that by definition has no identifiable cause.
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Etilefrine
Etilefrine is a cardiac stimulant used as an antihypotensive. It is a sympathomimetic amine of the 3-hydroxy-phenylethanolamine series used in treating orthostatic hypotension of neurological, cardiovascular, endocrine or metabolic origin. Intravenous infusion of this compound increases cardiac output, stroke volume, venous return and blood pressure in man and experimental animals, suggesting stimulation of both α and β adrenergic receptors. However, in vitro studies indicate that etilefrine has a much higher affinity for β1 (cardiac) than for β2 adrenoreceptors. Intravenous etilefrine increases the pulse rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, central venous pressure and mean arterial pressure of healthy individuals. Peripheral vascular resistance falls during the infusion of 1–8 mg etilefrine but begins to rise at higher dosage. Marked falls in pulse rate, cardiac output, stroke volume and peripheral bloodflow, accompanied by rises in mean arterial pressure, occur when etilefrine is infused after administration of intravenous propranolol 2,5 mg. These findings indicate that etilefrine has both β1 and α1 adrenergic effects in man.
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Fåhræus–Lindqvist effect
The Fåhræus–Lindqvist effect is an effect where the viscosity of a fluid, in this case blood, changes with the diameter of the tube it travels through; in particular there's a decrease of viscosity as the tube's diameter decreases (only if the vessel diameter is between 10 and 300 micrometers).
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Filter cake
A filter cake is formed by the substances that are retained on a filter.
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Flavin-containing monooxygenase
The flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) protein family specializes in the oxidation of xeno-substrates in order to facilitate the excretion of these compounds from living organisms.
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Fontan procedure
The Fontan procedure or Fontan–Kreutzer procedure is a palliative surgical procedure used in children with univentricular hearts.
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Fosinopril
Fosinopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of chronic heart failure.
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Gaseous signaling molecules
Gaseous signaling molecules are gaseous molecules that are either synthesised internally (endogenously) in the organism, tissue or cell or are received by the organism, tissue or cell from outside (say, from the atmosphere or hydrosphere, as in the case of oxygen) and that are used to transmit chemical signals which induce certain physiological or biochemical changes in the organism, tissue or cell.
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Handgrip maneuver
The handgrip maneuver is performed by clenching one's fist forcefully for a sustained time until fatigued.
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Heart
The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.
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Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), is when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs.
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Hemodynamics
Hemodynamics or hæmodynamics is the dynamics of blood flow.
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Hemorheology
Hemorheology, also spelled haemorheology (from the Greek ‘αἷμα, haima "blood" and rheology), or blood rheology, is the study of flow properties of blood and its elements of plasma and cells.
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Hepatorenal syndrome
Hepatorenal syndrome (often abbreviated HRS) is a life-threatening medical condition that consists of rapid deterioration in kidney function in individuals with cirrhosis or fulminant liver failure.
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Hydralazine
Hydralazine, sold under the brand name Apresoline among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure.
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Hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ or HCT) is a diuretic medication often used to treat high blood pressure and swelling due to fluid build up.
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Hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis describes urine-filled dilation of the renal pelvis and/or calyces as a result of obstruction.
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Hyperdynamic circulation
Hyperdynamic circulation is abnormally increased circulatory volume.
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Hypertension
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
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Hypertensive emergency
A hypertensive emergency, also known as malignant hypertension, is high blood pressure with potentially life-threatening symptoms and signs indicative of acute impairment of one or more organ systems (especially the central nervous system, cardiovascular system or the kidneys).
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Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a rare congenital heart defect in which the left side of the heart is severely underdeveloped.
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Hypothermia
Hypothermia is reduced body temperature that happens when a body dissipates more heat than it absorbs.
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Hypoxia in fish
Fish are exposed to large oxygen fluctuations in their aquatic environment since the inherent properties of water can result in marked spatial and temporal differences in the concentration of oxygen (see oxygenation and underwater).
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Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), also known as the Euler-Liljestrand mechanism, is a physiological phenomenon in which small pulmonary arteries constrict in the presence of alveolar hypoxia (low oxygen levels).
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Infant respiratory distress syndrome
Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), also called neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), respiratory distress syndrome of newborn, or increasingly surfactant deficiency disorder (SDD), and previously called hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is a syndrome in premature infants caused by developmental insufficiency of pulmonary surfactant production and structural immaturity in the lungs.
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Labetalol
Labetalol is a medication used to treat high blood pressure.
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List of human endocrine organs and actions
The pituitary gland (or hypophysis) is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing in humans.
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List of human hormones
The following is a list of hormones found in Homo sapiens.
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List of medical abbreviations: P
Category:Lists of medical abbreviations.
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List of medical abbreviations: S
Category:Lists of medical abbreviations.
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List of MeSH codes (G09)
The following is a list of the "G" codes for MeSH.
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Lung
The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in humans and many other animals including a few fish and some snails.
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Matthew N. Levy
Matthew Nathan Levy (December 2, 1922 – March 19, 2012) was an American physiologist best known for his research on cardiac physiology and co-writing several textbooks with Robert M. Berne.
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Mean arterial pressure
In medicine, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) is an average blood pressure in an individual during a single cardiac cycle.
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Mean systemic pressure
In medicine, the mean systemic pressure (mean systemic filling pressure (MSFP), or mean circulatory filling pressure, (MCFP)) is defined as the mean pressure that exists in the circulatory system when the blood has had a chance to redistribute evenly to all vessels and organs.
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Methoxyflurane
Methoxyflurane, formerly marketed as Penthrane, is a halogenated ether that was in clinical use as a volatile inhalational anesthetic from its introduction in 1960 until the late 1970s.
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Myogenic mechanism
The myogenic mechanism is how arteries and arterioles react to an increase or decrease of blood pressure to keep the blood flow within the blood vessel constant.
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Nebivolol
Nebivolol is a β1 receptor blocker with nitric oxide-potentiating vasodilatory effect used in treatment of hypertension and, in Europe, also for left ventricular failure.
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Neurogenic shock
Neurogenic shock is a distributive type of shock resulting in low blood pressure, occasionally with a slowed heart rate, that is attributed to the disruption of the autonomic pathways within the spinal cord.
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Nicergoline
Nicergoline (INN, marketed under the trade name Sermion) is an ergot derivative used to treat senile dementia and other disorders with vascular origins.
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Nitrendipine
Nitrendipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker.
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Nitric oxide synthase
Nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) are a family of enzymes catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine.
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Norepinephrine (medication)
Norepinephrine, also known as noradrenaline, is a medication used to treat people with very low blood pressure.
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Organ-on-a-chip
An organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems, a type of artificial organ.
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P2X purinoreceptor
The ATP-gated P2X receptor cation channel family, or simply P2X receptor family, consists of cation-permeable ligand-gated ion channels that open in response to the binding of extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP).
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Pacemaker syndrome
Pacemaker syndrome is a disease that represents the clinical consequences of suboptimal atrioventricular (AV) synchrony or AV dyssynchrony, regardless of the pacing mode, after pacemaker implantation.
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Patent ductus arteriosus
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a condition wherein the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth.
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Pathophysiology of hypertension
Pathophysiology is a branch of medicine which explains the function of the body as it relates to diseases and conditions.
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Placental insufficiency
Placental insufficiency or utero-placental insufficiency is the failure of the placenta to deliver sufficient nutrients to the fetus during pregnancy, and is often a result of insufficient blood flow to the placenta.
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Propofol
Propofol, marketed as Diprivan among others, is a short-acting medication that results in a decreased level of consciousness and lack of memory for events.
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Pulmonary circulation
The pulmonary circulation is the portion of the circulatory system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle of the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium and ventricle of the heart.
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Pulmonary contusion
A pulmonary contusion, also known as lung contusion, is a bruise of the lung, caused by chest trauma.
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Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy
In thoracic surgery, a pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) is an operation that removes organized clotted blood (thrombus) from the pulmonary arteries, which supply blood to the lungs.
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Pulse
In medicine, a pulse represents the tactile arterial palpation of the heartbeat by trained fingertips.
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Pulse pressure
Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
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PVR
PVR may refer to: Poly Vinyl Rubber.
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Quantium Medical Cardiac Output
quantium Medical Cardiac Output (qCO) uses impedance cardiography in a simple, continuous, and non-invasive way to estimate the Cardiac output (CO) and other hemodynamic parameters such as the Stroke Volume (SV) and Cardiac index (CI).
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Ramipril
Ramipril, sold under the brand name Altace among others, is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and congestive heart failure.
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Reflex bradycardia
Reflex bradycardia is a bradycardia (decrease in heart rate) in response to the baroreceptor reflex, one of the body's homeostatic mechanisms for preventing abnormal increases in blood pressure.
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Renin inhibitor
Renin inhibitors are a group of pharmaceutical drugs used primarily in treatment of essential hypertension (high blood pressure).
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Resuscitation
Resuscitation is the process of correcting physiological disorders (such as lack of breathing or heartbeat) in an acutely unwell patient.
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Roland Stocker
Roland Stocker (born 5 October 1956 in Switzerland) is a Swiss Australian biochemist who discovered the antioxidant activity of bilirubin.
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Sepsis
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.
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Septic shock
Septic shock is a serious medical condition that occurs when sepsis, which is organ injury or damage in response to infection, leads to dangerously low blood pressure and abnormalities in cellular metabolism.
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Sodium thiopental
Sodium thiopental, also known as Sodium Pentothal (a trademark of Abbott Laboratories, not to be confused with pentobarbital), thiopental, thiopentone, or Trapanal (also a trademark), is a rapid-onset short-acting barbiturate general anesthetic that is an analogue of thiobarbital.
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Southern bluefin tuna
The southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii, is a tuna of the family Scombridae found in open southern Hemisphere waters of all the world's oceans mainly between 30°S and 50°S, to nearly 60°S.
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Squatting position
Squatting is a posture where the weight of the body is on the feet (as with standing) but the knees and hips are bent.
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is bleeding into the subarachnoid space—the area between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater surrounding the brain.
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Surface chemistry of microvasculature
Microvasculature is defined as vessels (venules or capillaries) with a maximum average diameter of 0.3 millimeters.
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SVR
SVR may refer to.
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Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a type of heart defect present at birth.
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TPR
TPR may refer to.
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Transgender hormone therapy (male-to-female)
Transgender hormone therapy of the male-to-female (MTF) type, also known as feminizing hormone therapy, is a form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and sex reassignment therapy which is used to change the secondary sexual characteristics of transgender people from masculine (or androgynous) to feminine.
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Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS or TIPSS) is an artificial channel within the liver that establishes communication between the inflow portal vein and the outflow hepatic vein.
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Vasoactivity
A vasoactive substance is an endogenous agent or pharmaceutical drug that has the effect of either increasing or decreasing blood pressure and/or heart rate through its vasoactivity, that is, vascular activity (effect on blood vessels).
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Vasoconstriction
Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, in particular the large arteries and small arterioles.
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Vasodilation
Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels.
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Vasomotor
Vasomotor refers to actions upon a blood vessel which alter its diameter.
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Vasoplegic syndrome
Vasoplegic syndrome (VPS) is a postperfusion syndrome characterized by low systemic vascular resistance and a high cardiac output.
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Vasopressin
Vasopressin, also named antidiuretic hormone (ADH), arginine vasopressin (AVP) or argipressin, is a hormone synthesized as a peptide prohormone in neurons in the hypothalamus, and is converted to AVP.
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Waon therapy
Waon therapy, developed in Japan, is a sauna-like form of hyperthermia therapy for patients with chronic heart failure.
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Watson's water hammer pulse
Watson's water hammer pulse, also known as Corrigan's pulse or collapsing pulse, is the medical sign which describes a pulse that is bounding and forceful, rapidly increasing and subsequently collapsing, as if it were the sound of a waterhammer that was causing the pulse.
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Windkessel effect
Windkessel effect is a term used in medicine to account for the shape of the arterial blood pressure waveform in terms of the interaction between the stroke volume and the compliance of the aorta and large elastic arteries (Windkessel vessels).
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Arteriolar tone, Flow resistance, Peripheral resistance, Peripheral vascular resistance, Pulmonal vascular resistance, Pulmonary vascular resistance, Systemic vascular resistance, Total Peripheral Flow Resistance, Total Peripheral Resistance, Total peripheral flow resistance, Total peripheral resistance, Vascular tone, Vasomotor tone.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_resistance
