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133 relations: Affricate consonant, Afrikaans phonology, Albanian language, American English, Arabic, Arabic phonology, Assimilation (phonology), Avoiuli, Ḍād, Ẓāʾ, Ł, Baghdad Jewish Arabic, Bernese German, Bolyu language, Cadorino dialect, Catalan phonology, Central Atlas Tamazight grammar, Ch (digraph), Classical Arabic, Classical Armenian, Co-articulated consonant, Colognian phonology, Connacht Irish, Coronal consonant, Delateralization, Dental consonant, Dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants, Dutch phonology, El (Cyrillic), Elbasan alphabet, Emphatic consonant, English language in Northern England, English phonology, Epenthesis, Erzgebirgisch, Fortis and lenis, Friulian language, Gamma, General American, Georgian scripts, Germanic languages, Gilbertese language, Hebrew alphabet, Hexagraph, Hiberno-English, History of Polish, History of Portuguese, History of Scottish Gaelic, History of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Index of phonetics articles, ..., International Phonetic Alphabet, International Phonetic Alphabet chart, IPA Extensions, Irish grammar, Irish language, Irish orthography, Irish phonology, Kurdish phonology, L-vocalization, Labialization, Labiodental consonant, Labiovelar consonant, Latin script in Unicode, Lillooet language, Linguistic features of Spanish as spoken by Catalan speakers, Liquid consonant, List of consonants, List of Cyrillic letters, List of Latin-script digraphs, List of Latin-script pentagraphs, List of Latin-script tetragraphs, List of Latin-script trigraphs, Ll, Luxembourgish phonology, Macron (diacritic), Manx language, Marshallese language, Māori phonology, Mongolian language, Multigraph (orthography), Munster Irish, Na'vi language, Nabataean Arabic, Nauruan language, Non-native pronunciations of English, Nonexplosive stop, Occitan language, Occitan phonology, Old Arabic, Old English phonology, Old Hijazi, Old Irish, Older Southern American English, Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect, Palatalization (phonetics), Pharyngealization, Phonological history of English, Phonological history of English consonants, Place of articulation, Portuguese phonology, Postalveolar consonant, Pronunciation of English /r/, Proper Cantonese pronunciation, Proto-Oceanic language, Received Pronunciation, Russian language, Russian phonology, SAMPA chart, Scottish English, Scottish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic orthography, Scottish Gaelic phonology, Secondary articulation, Serbo-Croatian phonology, Shuswap language, Sj-sound, South African English phonology, Standard Chinese phonology, Tajwid, Tilde, Tongue shape, Torlakian dialect, Ulster Irish, Uvularization, Valencian, Varieties of Arabic, Varieties of Modern Greek, Velar consonant, Viennese German, Votic language, Vowel reduction in Russian, Welsh English, X-SAMPA. Expand index (83 more) »
Affricate consonant
An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, generally with the same place of articulation (most often coronal).
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Afrikaans phonology
Afrikaans has a similar phonology to other West Germanic languages, especially Dutch.
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Albanian language
Albanian (shqip, or gjuha shqipe) is a language of the Indo-European family, in which it occupies an independent branch.
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American English
American English (AmE, AE, AmEng, USEng, en-US), sometimes called United States English or U.S. English, is the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States.
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Arabic
Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.
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Arabic phonology
While many languages have numerous dialects that differ in phonology, the contemporary spoken Arabic language is more properly described as a continuum of varieties.
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Assimilation (phonology)
In phonology, assimilation is a common phonological process by which one sound becomes more like a nearby sound.
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Avoiuli
Avoiuli (from Raga avoi "talk about" and uli "draw" or "paint") is a writing system used by the Turaga indigenous movement on Pentecost Island in Vanuatu.
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Ḍād
(ض), is one of the six letters the Arabic alphabet added to the twenty-two inherited from the Phoenician alphabet (the others being). In name and shape, it is a variant of.
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Ẓāʾ
, or (ظ), is one of the six letters the Arabic alphabet added to the twenty-two inherited from the Phoenician alphabet (the others being). In Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic it represents a pharyngealized or velarized voiced dental fricative or.
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Ł
Ł or ł, described in English as L with stroke, is a letter of the West Slavic (Polish, Kashubian, and Sorbian), Łacinka (Latin Belarusian), Łatynka (Latin Ukrainian), Wymysorys, Navajo, Dene Suline, Inupiaq, Zuni, Hupa, and Dogrib alphabets, several proposed alphabets for the Venetian language, and the ISO 11940 romanization of the Thai alphabet.
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Baghdad Jewish Arabic
Baghdad Jewish Arabic (عربية يهودية بغدادية) is the Arabic dialect spoken by the Jews of Baghdad and other towns of Southern Iraq.
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Bernese German
Bernese German (Standard German: Berndeutsch, Bärndütsch) is the dialect of High Alemannic German spoken in the Swiss plateau (Mittelland) part of the canton of Bern and in some neighbouring regions.
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Bolyu language
The Bolyu language (autonym:;; also known as Paliu, Palyu, or Lai 俫语, 徕语) is an Austroasiatic language of the Pakanic branch (Sidwell 1995).
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Cadorino dialect
Cadorino, a dialect of Ladin, is the language of Cadore, at the feet of the Dolomites in the province of Belluno.
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Catalan phonology
The phonology of Catalan, a Romance language, has a certain degree of dialectal variation.
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Central Atlas Tamazight grammar
Central Atlas Tamazight (also referred to as just TamazightWhile Central Atlas Tamazight is the only Berber language whose speakers use the term Tamaziɣt to refer to their language regularly and exclusively, other Berber groups also refer to their language using this term along with more common local names.) belongs to the Northern Berber branch of the Berber languages.
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Ch (digraph)
Ch is a digraph in the Latin script.
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Classical Arabic
Classical Arabic is the form of the Arabic language used in Umayyad and Abbasid literary texts from the 7th century AD to the 9th century AD.
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Classical Armenian
Classical Armenian (grabar, Western Armenian krapar, meaning "literary "; also Old Armenian or Liturgical Armenian) is the oldest attested form of the Armenian language.
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Co-articulated consonant
Co-articulated consonants or complex consonants are consonants produced with two simultaneous places of articulation.
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Colognian phonology
This article covers the phonology of modern Colognian as spoken in the city of Cologne.
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Connacht Irish
Connacht Irish is the dialect of the Irish language spoken in the province of Connacht.
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Coronal consonant
Coronal consonants are consonants articulated with the flexible front part of the tongue.
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Delateralization
Delateralization is a replacement of a lateral consonant by a central consonant.
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Dental consonant
A dental consonant is a consonant articulated with the tongue against the upper teeth, such as,,, and in some languages.
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Dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants
The alveolar lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.
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Dutch phonology
Dutch phonology is similar to that of other West Germanic languages.
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El (Cyrillic)
El (Л л; italics: Л л) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.
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Elbasan alphabet
The Elbasan script is a mid 18th-century alphabetic script used for the Albanian language.
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Emphatic consonant
In Semitic linguistics, an emphatic consonant is an obstruent consonant which originally contrasted with series of both voiced and voiceless obstruents.
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English language in Northern England
The English language in Northern England has been shaped by the region's history of settlement and migration, and today encompasses a group of related dialects known as Northern England English (or, simply, Northern English in the United Kingdom).
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English phonology
Like many other languages, English has wide variation in pronunciation, both historically and from dialect to dialect.
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Epenthesis
In phonology, epenthesis (Greek) means the addition of one or more sounds to a word, especially to the interior of a word (at the beginning prothesis and at the end paragoge are commonly used).
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Erzgebirgisch
Erzgebirgisch (Erzgebirgisch: Aarzgebèèrgsch) is a Central German dialect, spoken mainly in the central Erzgebirge (Ore Mountains) in Saxony.
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Fortis and lenis
In linguistics, fortis and lenis (Latin for "strong" and "weak"), sometimes identified with '''tense''' and '''lax''', are pronunciations of consonants with relatively greater and lesser energy.
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Friulian language
Friulian or Friulan (or, affectionately, marilenghe in Friulian, friulano in Italian, Furlanisch in German, furlanščina in Slovene; also Friulian) is a Romance language belonging to the Rhaeto-Romance family, spoken in the Friuli region of northeastern Italy.
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Gamma
Gamma (uppercase, lowercase; gámma) is the third letter of the Greek alphabet.
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General American
General American (abbreviated as GA or GenAm) is the umbrella variety of American English—the continuum of accents—spoken by a majority of Americans and popularly perceived, among Americans, as lacking any distinctly regional, ethnic, or socioeconomic characteristics.
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Georgian scripts
The Georgian scripts are the three writing systems used to write the Georgian language: Asomtavruli, Nuskhuri and Mkhedruli.
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Germanic languages
The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania, and Southern Africa.
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Gilbertese language
Taetae ni Kiribati or Gilbertese, also Kiribati (sometimes Kiribatese), is a Micronesian language of the Austronesian language family.
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Hebrew alphabet
The Hebrew alphabet (אָלֶף־בֵּית עִבְרִי), known variously by scholars as the Jewish script, square script and block script, is an abjad script used in the writing of the Hebrew language, also adapted as an alphabet script in the writing of other Jewish languages, most notably in Yiddish (lit. "Jewish" for Judeo-German), Djudío (lit. "Jewish" for Judeo-Spanish), and Judeo-Arabic.
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Hexagraph
A hexagraph (from the ἕξ, héx, "six" and γράφω, gráphō, "write") is a sequence of six letters used to represent a single sound (phoneme), or a combination of sounds that do not correspond to the individual values of the letters.
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Hiberno-English
Hiberno‐English (from Latin Hibernia: "Ireland") or Irish English is the set of English dialects natively written and spoken within the island of Ireland (including both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland).
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History of Polish
The Polish language is a West Slavic language, and thus descends from Proto-Slavic, and more distantly from Proto-Indo-European.
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History of Portuguese
The Portuguese language developed in the Western Iberian Peninsula from Latin spoken by Roman soldiers and colonists starting in the 3rd century BC.
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History of Scottish Gaelic
Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig), is a Celtic language native to Scotland.
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History of the International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet was created soon after the International Phonetic Association was established in the late 19th century.
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Index of phonetics articles
No description.
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International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet.
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International Phonetic Alphabet chart
The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association.
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IPA Extensions
IPA Extensions is a block (0250–02AF) of the Unicode standard that contains full size letters used in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).
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Irish grammar
This article discusses the grammar of the Irish language.
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Irish language
The Irish language (Gaeilge), also referred to as the Gaelic or the Irish Gaelic language, is a Goidelic language (Gaelic) of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish people.
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Irish orthography
Irish orthography has evolved over many centuries, since Old Irish was first written down in the Latin alphabet in about the 8th century AD.
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Irish phonology
The phonology of the Irish language varies from dialect to dialect; there is no standard pronunciation of Irish.
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Kurdish phonology
Kurdish phonology is the sound system of the Kurdish language continuum.
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L-vocalization
L-vocalization, in linguistics, is a process by which a lateral approximant sound such as, or, more often, velarized, is replaced by a vowel or a semivowel.
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Labialization
Labialization is a secondary articulatory feature of sounds in some languages.
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Labiodental consonant
In phonetics, labiodentals are consonants articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth.
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Labiovelar consonant
Labiovelar consonant may refer to.
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Latin script in Unicode
Many Unicode characters belonging to the Latin script are encoded in the Unicode Standard.
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Lillooet language
Lillooet, also known as St’át’imcets (sometimes also spelled Sƛ̓áƛ̓imxəc), is the language of the St’át’imc, a Salishan language of the Interior branch spoken in southern British Columbia, Canada, around the middle Fraser and Lillooet Rivers.
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Linguistic features of Spanish as spoken by Catalan speakers
The Spanish language is widely spoken in most of the Catalan-speaking territories, where it is partly characterized by language contact with the Catalan language.
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Liquid consonant
In phonetics, liquids or liquid consonants are a class of consonants consisting of lateral consonants like 'l' together with rhotics like 'r'.
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List of consonants
This is a list of all the consonants which have a dedicated letter in the International Phonetic Alphabet, plus some of the consonants which require diacritics, ordered by place and manner of articulation.
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List of Cyrillic letters
Variants of Cyrillic are used by the writing systems of many languages, especially languages used in the former Soviet Union.
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List of Latin-script digraphs
This is a list of digraphs used in various Latin alphabets.
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List of Latin-script pentagraphs
In the Latin script, pentagraphs are found primarily in Irish orthography.
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List of Latin-script tetragraphs
This is a list of tetragraphs in the Latin script.
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List of Latin-script trigraphs
A number of trigraphs are found in the Latin script, most of these used especially in Irish orthography.
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Ll
Ll/ll is a digraph which occurs in several natural languages.
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Luxembourgish phonology
This article aims to describe the phonology and phonetics of central Luxembourgish, which is regarded as the emerging standard.
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Macron (diacritic)
A macron is a diacritical mark: it is a straight bar placed above a letter, usually a vowel.
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Manx language
No description.
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Marshallese language
The Marshallese language (Marshallese: new orthography Kajin M̧ajeļ or old orthography Kajin Majōl), also known as Ebon, is a Micronesian language spoken in the Marshall Islands.
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Māori phonology
Māori phonology is typical for Polynesian languages, its phonetic inventory is one of the smallest in the world with considerable variation in realisation.
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Mongolian language
The Mongolian language (in Mongolian script: Moŋɣol kele; in Mongolian Cyrillic: монгол хэл, mongol khel.) is the official language of Mongolia and both the most widely-spoken and best-known member of the Mongolic language family.
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Multigraph (orthography)
A multigraph (or pleongraph) is a sequence of letters that behaves as a unit and is not the sum of its parts, such as English or French.
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Munster Irish
Munster Irish is the dialect of the Irish language spoken in the province of Munster.
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Na'vi language
The Naʼvi language (Naʼvi: Lìʼfya leNaʼvi) is the constructed language of the Naʼvi, the sapient humanoid indigenous inhabitants of the fictional moon Pandora in the 2009 film ''Avatar''.
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Nabataean Arabic
Nabataean Arabic was the dialect of Arabic spoken by the Nabataeans in antiquity.
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Nauruan language
The Nauruan or Nauru language (dorerin Naoero) is an Oceanic language, spoken natively by around 6,000 people in the island country of Nauru.
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Non-native pronunciations of English
Non-native pronunciations of English result from the common linguistic phenomenon in which non-native users of any language tend to carry the intonation, phonological processes and pronunciation rules from their first language or first languages into their English speech.
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Nonexplosive stop
In phonetics and phonology, nonexplosive stops are posited class of non-pulmonic ("non-obstruent") stop consonants that lack the pressure build-up and burst release associated with pulmonic stops, but also the laryngeal lowering of implosive stops.
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Occitan language
Occitan, also known as lenga d'òc (langue d'oc) by its native speakers, is a Romance language.
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Occitan phonology
This article describes the phonology of the Occitan language.
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Old Arabic
Old Arabic is the earliest attested stage of the Arabic language, beginning with the first attestation of personal names in the 9th century BC, and culminating in the codification of Classical Arabic beginning in the 7th century AD.
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Old English phonology
Old English phonology is necessarily somewhat speculative since Old English is preserved only as a written language.
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Old Hijazi
Old Hijazi, or Old Higazi, is a variety of Old Arabic attested in Hijaz from about the 1st century to the 7th century.
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Old Irish
Old Irish (Goídelc; Sean-Ghaeilge; Seann Ghàidhlig; Shenn Yernish; sometimes called Old Gaelic) is the name given to the oldest form of the Goidelic languages for which extensive written texts are extant.
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Older Southern American English
Older Southern American English was a set of American English dialects of the Southern United States, primarily spoken by White Southerners up until the American Civil War, moving towards a state of decline by the turn of the nineteenth century, further accelerated by World War II and again, finally, by the Civil Rights Movement.
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Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect
The Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect is a subdialect of Brabantian spoken in Orsmaal-Gussenhoven, a village in the Linter municipality.
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Palatalization (phonetics)
In phonetics, palatalization (also) or palatization refers to a way of pronouncing a consonant in which part of the tongue is moved close to the hard palate.
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Pharyngealization
Pharyngealization is a secondary articulation of consonants or vowels by which the pharynx or epiglottis is constricted during the articulation of the sound.
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Phonological history of English
The phonological history of English describes the changing phonology of the English language over time, starting from its roots in proto-Germanic to diverse changes in different dialects of modern English.
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Phonological history of English consonants
This article describes those aspects of the phonological history of the English language which concern consonants.
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Place of articulation
In articulatory phonetics, the place of articulation (also point of articulation) of a consonant is the point of contact where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an articulatory gesture, an active articulator (typically some part of the tongue), and a passive location (typically some part of the roof of the mouth).
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Portuguese phonology
The phonology of Portuguese can vary between dialects, in extreme cases leading to some difficulties in intelligibility.
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Postalveolar consonant
Postalveolar consonants (sometimes spelled post-alveolar) are consonants articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the alveolar ridge, farther back in the mouth than the alveolar consonants, which are at the ridge itself but not as far back as the hard palate, the place of articulation for palatal consonants.
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Pronunciation of English /r/
Pronunciation of the phoneme /r/ in the English language has many variations in different dialects.
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Proper Cantonese pronunciation
After the 1980s, the proper Cantonese pronunciation has been much promoted in Hong Kong, with the scholar Richard Ho as its iconic campaigner.
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Proto-Oceanic language
Proto-Oceanic (abbr. POc) is a proto-language that language comparatists — particularly after Otto Dempwolff's works — have proposed as the probable common ancestor to the group of Oceanic languages.
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Received Pronunciation
Received Pronunciation (RP) is an accent of Standard English in the United Kingdom and is defined in the Concise Oxford English Dictionary as "the standard accent of English as spoken in the south of England", although it can be heard from native speakers throughout England and Wales.
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Russian language
Russian (rússkiy yazýk) is an East Slavic language, which is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as being widely spoken throughout Eastern Europe, the Baltic states, the Caucasus and Central Asia.
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Russian phonology
This article discusses the phonological system of standard Russian based on the Moscow dialect (unless otherwise noted).
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SAMPA chart
The following show the typical symbols for consonants and vowels used in SAMPA, an ASCII-based system based on the International Phonetic Alphabet.
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Scottish English
Scottish English refers to the varieties of English spoken in Scotland.
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Scottish Gaelic
Scottish Gaelic or Scots Gaelic, sometimes also referred to simply as Gaelic (Gàidhlig) or the Gaelic, is a Celtic language native to the Gaels of Scotland.
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Scottish Gaelic orthography
Scottish Gaelic orthography has evolved over many centuries.
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Scottish Gaelic phonology
This article is about the phonology of the Scottish Gaelic language.
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Secondary articulation
Secondary articulation occurs when the articulation of a consonant is equivalent to the combined articulations of two or three simpler consonants, at least one of which is an approximant.
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Serbo-Croatian phonology
Serbo-Croatian is a South Slavic language with four national standards.
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Shuswap language
The Shuswap language (Shuswap: Secwepemctsín) is the traditional language of the Shuswap people (Shuswap: Secwépemc) of British Columbia.
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Sj-sound
In Swedish phonology, the sj-sound (sj-ljudet) is a voiceless fricative phoneme found in most dialects.
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South African English phonology
This article covers the phonological system of South African English (SAE).
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Standard Chinese phonology
This article summarizes the phonology (the sound system, or in more general terms, the pronunciation) of Standard Chinese (Standard Mandarin).
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Tajwid
Tajweed (تجويد,, meaning "elocution"), sometimes rendered as tajwid, refers to the rules governing pronunciation during recitation of the Quran.
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Tilde
The tilde (in the American Heritage dictionary or; ˜ or ~) is a grapheme with several uses.
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Tongue shape
Tongue shape, in linguistics (articulatory phonetics) describes the shape that the tongue assumes when it makes a sound.
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Torlakian dialect
Torlakian, or Torlak (Torlački/Торлачки,; Торлашки, Torlashki), is a group of South Slavic dialects of southeastern Serbia, southern Kosovo (Prizren), northeastern Republic of Macedonia (Kumanovo, Kratovo and Kriva Palanka dialects), western Bulgaria (Belogradchik–Godech–Tran-Breznik), which is intermediate between Serbian, Bulgarian and Macedonian.
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Ulster Irish
Ulster Irish is the variety of Irish spoken in the province of Ulster.
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Uvularization
Uvularization is a secondary articulation of consonants or vowels by which the back of the tongue is constricted toward the uvula and upper pharynx during the articulation of a sound with its primary articulation elsewhere.
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Valencian
Valencian (or; endonym: valencià, llengua valenciana, or idioma valencià) is a linguistic variety spoken in the Valencian Community, Spain. In the Valencian Community, Valencian is the traditional language and is co-official with Spanish. It is considered different from Catalan by a slight majority of the people of the Valencian Community (including non-speakers), but this is at odds with the broad academic view, which considers it a dialect of Catalan. A standardized form exists, based on the Southern Valencian dialect. Valencian belongs to the Western group of Catalan dialects. Under the Valencian Statute of Autonomy, the Valencian Academy of the Language (Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua, AVL) has been established as its regulator. The AVL considers Catalan and Valencian to be simply two names for the same language. Some of the most important works of Valencian literature experienced a golden age during the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Important works include Joanot Martorell's chivalric romance Tirant lo Blanch, and Ausiàs March's poetry. The first book produced with movable type in the Iberian Peninsula was printed in the Valencian variety. The earliest recorded chess game with modern rules for moves of the queen and bishop was in the Valencian poem Scachs d'amor (1475).
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Varieties of Arabic
There are many varieties of Arabic (dialects or otherwise) in existence.
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Varieties of Modern Greek
The linguistic varieties of Modern Greek can be classified along two principal dimensions.
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Velar consonant
Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth (known also as the velum).
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Viennese German
Viennese German (Weanarisch, Weanerisch, Wienerisch) is the city dialect spoken in Vienna, the capital of Austria, and is counted among the Bavarian dialects.
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Votic language
Votic, or Votian (vađđa ceeli or maaceeli; also written vaďďa tšeeli, maatšeeli in old orthography), is the language spoken by the Votes of Ingria, belonging to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages.
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Vowel reduction in Russian
Vowel reduction in Russian differs in the standard language and dialects, which differ from one another.
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Welsh English
Welsh English refers to the dialects of English spoken by Welsh people.
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X-SAMPA
The Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA;, /%Eks"s.
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Redirects here:
Dark l in English, Light l and dark l in English, Light l versus dark l in English, Velarisation, Velarise, Velarised, Velarised consonant, Velarize, Velarized, Velarized consonant, ˠ.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velarization
