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Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe

Index Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe

The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), originally known as the Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP), was a spacecraft operating from 2001 to 2010 which measured temperature differences across the sky in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) – the radiant heat remaining from the Big Bang. [1]

149 relations: Age of the universe, Alan Guth, Amri Hernández-Pellerano, Archeops, Atacama Cosmology Telescope, Axis of evil (cosmology), Baryon acoustic oscillations, Beyond Einstein program, Big Bang, Big Bang nucleosynthesis, Black hole information paradox, Bloomberg Distinguished Professorships, Bolshoi Cosmological Simulation, Charles L. Bennett, Chemical element, CMB cold spot, Cold Big Bang, Collignon projection, Conformal cyclic cosmology, Contemporary history, Cosmic age problem, Cosmic Background Explorer, Cosmic Background Imager, Cosmic microwave background, Cosmic neutrino background, Cosmic variance, Cosmology, Cosmology@Home, CTA-102, Cycles of Time, Dark energy, Dark flow, Dark matter, David Spergel, David Todd Wilkinson, Delta II, Deuterium, Domenico Marinucci, Edward L. Wright, Ekpyrotic universe, Eric Lerner, Expansion of the universe, Experimental physics, Explorers Program, Fast Fourier transform, Flatness (cosmology), Flatness problem, Friedmann equations, Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric, Future of an expanding universe, ..., Galaxy, General relativity, Gerrit Verschuur, Glossary of string theory, Goddard Space Flight Center, Gruber Prize in Cosmology, Gunn–Peterson trough, Hiranya Peiris, History of physics, History of the Big Bang theory, Homology sphere, Horizon problem, Hoyle–Narlikar theory of gravity, Hubble's law, Huntington, New York, IMAGE, Index of physics articles (W), Infinity, Inflation (cosmology), James Webb Space Telescope, Jo Dunkley, Lagrangian point, Lambda-CDM model, Licia Verde, Lissajous orbit, List of astronomy acronyms, List of cosmic microwave background experiments, List of cosmological computation software, List of Explorers program missions, List of Johns Hopkins University people, List of largest cosmic structures, List of Launch Services Program launches, List of lunar probes, List of missions to the Moon, List of NASA cancellations, List of NASA missions, List of objects at Lagrangian points, List of orbits, List of Solar System probes, List of space telescopes, List of Thor and Delta launches (2000–09), List of unmanned spacecraft by program, LOFAR, Lyman Page, Map (disambiguation), Matter, Max Tegmark, Milky Way, Moment (physics), Multiverse, NASA World Wind, Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, Neil Turok, Neutrino, Non-standard cosmology, Observable universe, Observational cosmology, Olivier Doré, Orders of magnitude (length), Orders of magnitude (volume), Outer space, Physical cosmology, Planck (spacecraft), Plasma cosmology, Quark–gluon plasma, QUIJOTE CMB Experiment, Radio telescope, Redshift, Reionization, Renée Hložek, Roger Penrose, Rotating spheres, Shape of the universe, Shaw Prize, Spacecraft, Structure formation, Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect, Supersymmetry, Temperature measurement, Texture (cosmology), The E and B Experiment, Three-torus model of the universe, Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes, Timeline of cosmological theories, Tired light, Type II supernova, Ultimate fate of the universe, Universe, Very Small Array, Void (astronomy), Wilkinson, Wonders of the Universe, WorldWide Telescope, 2001 in spaceflight, 2003 in science, 2012 in science, 21st century, 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey, 3-manifold. Expand index (99 more) »

Age of the universe

In physical cosmology, the age of the universe is the time elapsed since the Big Bang.

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Alan Guth

Alan Harvey Guth (born February 27, 1947) is an American theoretical physicist and cosmologist.

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Amri Hernández-Pellerano

Amri Hernández-Pellerano is a Puerto Rican electronics engineer and scientist who designs, builds and tests the electronics that will regulate the solar array power in order to charge the spacecraft battery and distribute power to the different loads or users inside various spacecraft at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.

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Archeops

Archeops was a balloon-borne instrument dedicated to measuring the Cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropies.

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Atacama Cosmology Telescope

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) is a six-metre telescope on Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert in the north of Chile, near the Llano de Chajnantor Observatory.

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Axis of evil (cosmology)

The "Axis of Evil" is a name given to an anomaly in astronomical observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB).

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Baryon acoustic oscillations

In cosmology, baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) are regular, periodic fluctuations in the density of the visible baryonic matter (normal matter) of the universe.

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Beyond Einstein program

The Beyond Einstein program is a NASA project designed to explore the limits of Einstein's theory of General Relativity.

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Big Bang

The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution.

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Big Bang nucleosynthesis

In physical cosmology, Big Bang nucleosynthesis (abbreviated BBN, also known as primordial nucleosynthesis, arch(a)eonucleosynthesis, archonucleosynthesis, protonucleosynthesis and pal(a)eonucleosynthesis) refers to the production of nuclei other than those of the lightest isotope of hydrogen (hydrogen-1, 1H, having a single proton as a nucleus) during the early phases of the Universe.

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Black hole information paradox

The black hole information paradox is a puzzle resulting from the combination of quantum mechanics and general relativity.

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Bloomberg Distinguished Professorships

Bloomberg Distinguished Professorships (BDPs) were established as part of a $350 million gift by Michael Bloomberg, JHU Class of 1964, to Johns Hopkins University in 2013.

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Bolshoi Cosmological Simulation

The Bolshoi simulation, run in 2010 on the Pleiades supercomputer at the NASA Ames Research Center, was the most accurate cosmological simulation to that date of the evolution of the large-scale structure of the universe.

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Charles L. Bennett

Charles L. Bennett (born November 1956) is an American observational astrophysicist.

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Chemical element

A chemical element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (that is, the same atomic number, or Z).

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CMB cold spot

The CMB Cold Spot or WMAP Cold Spot is a region of the sky seen in microwaves that has been found to be unusually large and cold relative to the expected properties of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR).

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Cold Big Bang

Cold Big Bang is a designation used in cosmology to denote an absolute zero temperature at the beginning of the Universe, instead of a (hot) Big Bang.

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Collignon projection

The Collignon projection is an equal-area pseudocylindrical map projection first known to be published by Édouard Collignon in 1865 and subsequently cited by A. Tissot in 1881.

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Conformal cyclic cosmology

The conformal cyclic cosmology (CCC) is a cosmological model in the framework of general relativity, advanced by the theoretical physicists Roger Penrose and Vahe Gurzadyan.

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Contemporary history

Contemporary history, in English-language historiography, is a subset of modern history which describes the historical period from approximately 1945 to the present.

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Cosmic age problem

The cosmic age problem is a historical problem in astronomy concerning the age of the universe.

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Cosmic Background Explorer

The Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE), also referred to as Explorer 66, was a satellite dedicated to cosmology, which operated from 1989 to 1993.

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Cosmic Background Imager

The Cosmic Background Imager (or CBI) was a 13-element interferometer perched at an elevation of 5,080 metres (16,700 feet) at Llano de Chajnantor Observatory in the Chilean Andes.

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Cosmic microwave background

The cosmic microwave background (CMB, CMBR) is electromagnetic radiation as a remnant from an early stage of the universe in Big Bang cosmology.

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Cosmic neutrino background

The cosmic neutrino background (CNB, CνB) is the universe's background particle radiation composed of neutrinos.

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Cosmic variance

The term cosmic variance is the statistical uncertainty inherent in observations of the universe at extreme distances.

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Cosmology

Cosmology (from the Greek κόσμος, kosmos "world" and -λογία, -logia "study of") is the study of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe.

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Cosmology@Home

Cosmology@Home is a BOINC distributed computing project that was once run at the Departments of Astronomy and Physics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign but has moved to the Institut Lagrange de Paris and the Institut d'astrophysique de Paris, both of which are located in the Pierre and Marie Curie University.

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CTA-102

In astronomy, CTA 102, also known by its B1950 coordinates as 2230+114 (QSR B2230+114) and its J2000 coordinates as J2232+1143 (QSO J2232+1143), is a quasar discovered in the early 1960s by a radio survey carried out by the California Institute of Technology.

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Cycles of Time

Cycles of Time: An Extraordinary New View of the Universe is a science book by mathematical physicist Roger Penrose published by The Bodley Head in 2010.

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Dark energy

In physical cosmology and astronomy, dark energy is an unknown form of energy which is hypothesized to permeate all of space, tending to accelerate the expansion of the universe.

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Dark flow

In astrophysics, dark flow is a possible non-random component of the peculiar velocity of galaxy clusters.

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Dark matter

Dark matter is a theorized form of matter that is thought to account for approximately 80% of the matter in the universe, and about a quarter of its total energy density.

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David Spergel

David Nathaniel Spergel (born March 25, 1961), is an American theoretical astrophysicist and Princeton University professor known for his work on the WMAP (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe) mission.

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David Todd Wilkinson

David Todd Wilkinson (13 May 1935 – 5 September 2002) was a world-renowned pioneer in the field of cosmology, specializing in the study of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) left over from the Big Bang.

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Delta II

Delta II is an expendable launch system, originally designed and built by McDonnell Douglas.

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Deuterium

Deuterium (or hydrogen-2, symbol or, also known as heavy hydrogen) is one of two stable isotopes of hydrogen (the other being protium, or hydrogen-1).

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Domenico Marinucci

Domenico Marinucci is an Italian Full Professor of probability and mathematical statistics and astrophysicist at the University of Rome Tor Vergata.

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Edward L. Wright

Edward L. (Ned) Wright (born August 25, 1947 in Washington, D.C.) is an American astrophysicist and cosmologist, well known for his achievements in the COBE, WISE, and WMAP projects and as a strong Big Bang proponent in web tutorials on cosmology and theory of relativity.

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Ekpyrotic universe

The ekpyrotic universe is a cosmological model of the early universe that explains the origin of the large-scale structure of the cosmos.

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Eric Lerner

Eric J. Lerner (born May 31, 1947) is an American popular science writer, and independent plasma researcher.

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Expansion of the universe

The expansion of the universe is the increase of the distance between two distant parts of the universe with time.

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Experimental physics

Experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines in the field of physics that are concerned with the observation of physical phenomena and experiments.

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Explorers Program

The Explorers Program is a United States space exploration program that provides flight opportunities for physics, geophysics, heliophysics, and astrophysics investigations from space.

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Fast Fourier transform

A fast Fourier transform (FFT) is an algorithm that samples a signal over a period of time (or space) and divides it into its frequency components.

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Flatness (cosmology)

The concept of "curvature of space" is fundamental to cosmology.

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Flatness problem

The flatness problem (also known as the oldness problem) is a cosmological fine-tuning problem within the Big Bang model of the universe.

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Friedmann equations

The Friedmann equations are a set of equations in physical cosmology that govern the expansion of space in homogeneous and isotropic models of the universe within the context of general relativity.

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Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric

The Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric is an exact solution of Einstein's field equations of general relativity; it describes a homogeneous, isotropic, expanding or contracting universe that is path connected, but not necessarily simply connected.

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Future of an expanding universe

Observations suggest that the expansion of the universe will continue forever.

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Galaxy

A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter.

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General relativity

General relativity (GR, also known as the general theory of relativity or GTR) is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and the current description of gravitation in modern physics.

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Gerrit Verschuur

Gerrit L. Verschuur, PhD, born in 1937 in Cape Town, South Africa, is a naturalized American scientist who is best known for his work in radio astronomy.

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Glossary of string theory

This page is a glossary of terms in string theory, including related areas such as supergravity, supersymmetry, and high energy physics.

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Goddard Space Flight Center

The Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is a major NASA space research laboratory located approximately northeast of Washington, D.C. in Greenbelt, Maryland, United States.

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Gruber Prize in Cosmology

The Gruber Prize in Cosmology, established in 2000, is one of three international awards worth US$500,000 made by the Gruber Foundation, a non-profit organization based at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut.

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Gunn–Peterson trough

In astronomical spectroscopy, the Gunn–Peterson trough is a feature of the spectra of quasars due to the presence of neutral hydrogen in the Intergalactic Medium (IGM).

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Hiranya Peiris

Hiranya V. Peiris is a British astrophysicist at University College London, best known for her work on the cosmic microwave background radiation.

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History of physics

Physics (from the Ancient Greek φύσις physis meaning "nature") is the fundamental branch of science.

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History of the Big Bang theory

The history of the Big Bang theory began with the Big Bang's development from observations and theoretical considerations.

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Homology sphere

In algebraic topology, a homology sphere is an n-manifold X having the homology groups of an n-sphere, for some integer n ≥ 1.

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Horizon problem

The horizon problem (also known as the homogeneity problem) is a cosmological fine-tuning problem within the Big Bang model of the universe.

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Hoyle–Narlikar theory of gravity

The Hoyle–Narlikar theory of gravity is a Machian and conformal theory of gravity proposed by Fred Hoyle and Jayant Narlikar that originally fits into the quasi steady state model of the universe.

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Hubble's law

Hubble's law is the name for the observation in physical cosmology that.

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Huntington, New York

The Town of Huntington is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York, United States.

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IMAGE

IMAGE (Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration) is a NASA Medium Explorers mission that studied the global response of the Earth's magnetosphere to changes in the solar wind.

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Index of physics articles (W)

The index of physics articles is split into multiple pages due to its size.

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Infinity

Infinity (symbol) is a concept describing something without any bound or larger than any natural number.

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Inflation (cosmology)

In physical cosmology, cosmic inflation, cosmological inflation, or just inflation, is a theory of exponential expansion of space in the early universe.

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James Webb Space Telescope

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope developed in collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Canadian Space Agency that will be the scientific successor to the Hubble Space Telescope.

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Jo Dunkley

Joanna Dunkley is an award-winning British astrophysicist and Professor of Physics at Princeton University.

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Lagrangian point

In celestial mechanics, the Lagrangian points (also Lagrange points, L-points, or libration points) are positions in an orbital configuration of two large bodies, wherein a small object, affected only by the gravitational forces from the two larger objects, will maintain its position relative to them.

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Lambda-CDM model

The ΛCDM (Lambda cold dark matter) or Lambda-CDM model is a parametrization of the Big Bang cosmological model in which the universe contains a cosmological constant, denoted by Lambda (Greek Λ), associated with dark energy, and cold dark matter (abbreviated CDM).

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Licia Verde

Licia Verde (born 1971, Venice, Italy) is an Italian cosmologist and theoretical physicist and currently ICREA Professor of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Barcelona.

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Lissajous orbit

In orbital mechanics, a Lissajous orbit, named after Jules Antoine Lissajous, is a quasi-periodic orbital trajectory that an object can follow around a Lagrangian point of a three-body system without requiring any propulsion.

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List of astronomy acronyms

This is a compilation of initialisms and acronyms commonly used in astronomy.

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List of cosmic microwave background experiments

This list is a compilation of experiments measuring the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation anisotropies and polarization since the first detection of the CMB by Penzias and Wilson in 1964.

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List of cosmological computation software

The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the thermal radiation assumed to be left over from the "Big Bang" of cosmology.

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List of Explorers program missions

List of Explorer program missions is a list of missions and spacecraft of the NASA Explorer program.

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List of Johns Hopkins University people

This is a list of people affiliated with the Johns Hopkins University, an American university located in Baltimore, Maryland.

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List of largest cosmic structures

This is a list of the largest cosmic structures so far discovered.

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List of Launch Services Program launches

The launch history of NASA's Launch Services Program (LSP) since the program formed in 1998 at Kennedy Space Center.

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List of lunar probes

This is a list of space probes that have flown by, impacted, orbited or landed on the Moon for the purpose of lunar exploration, as well as probes launched toward the Moon that failed to reach their target.

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List of missions to the Moon

As part of human exploration of the Moon, numerous space missions have been undertaken to study Earth's natural satellite.

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List of NASA cancellations

This is a list of cancellations and terminations made by NASA.

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List of NASA missions

This is a list of NASA missions, both manned and unmanned, since its establishment in 1958.

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List of objects at Lagrangian points

This is a list of known objects which occupy, have occupied, or are planned to occupy any of the five Lagrangian points of two-body systems in space.

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List of orbits

The following is a list of types of orbits.

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List of Solar System probes

This is a list of space probes that have left Earth orbit (or were launched with that intention but failed), organized by their planned destination.

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List of space telescopes

This list of space telescopes (astronomical space observatories) is grouped by major frequency ranges: gamma ray, x-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave and radio.

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List of Thor and Delta launches (2000–09)

Between 2000 and 2009, there were 72 Thor-derived rockets launched, of which 70 were successful, giving a 97.2% success rate.

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List of unmanned spacecraft by program

Here is an incomplete list of all unmanned spacecraft categorized by program.

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LOFAR

The Low-Frequency Array or LOFAR, is a large radio telescope network located mainly in the Netherlands, completed in 2012 by ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy and its international partners, and operated by ASTRON's radio observatory, of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research.

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Lyman Page

Lyman Alexander Page, Jr. (born September 24, 1957) is the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor in Physics at Princeton University.

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Map (disambiguation)

A map is a symbolic visual representation of an area.

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Matter

In the classical physics observed in everyday life, matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume.

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Max Tegmark

Max Erik Tegmark (born Max Shapiro 5 May 1967) is a Swedish-American physicist and cosmologist.

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Milky Way

The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our Solar System.

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Moment (physics)

In physics, a moment is an expression involving the product of a distance and a physical quantity, and in this way it accounts for how the physical quantity is located or arranged.

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Multiverse

The multiverse (or meta-universe) is a hypothetical group of multiple separate universes including the universe in which humans live.

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NASA World Wind

World Wind is an open-source (released under the NOSA license) virtual globe.

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Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory

The Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, previously called the Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission, is a NASA space telescope designed to detect gamma-ray bursts (GRBs).

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Neil Turok

Neil Geoffrey Turok (born 16 November 1958) is a South African physicist, and the Director of Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics.

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Neutrino

A neutrino (denoted by the Greek letter ν) is a fermion (an elementary particle with half-integer spin) that interacts only via the weak subatomic force and gravity.

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Non-standard cosmology

A non-standard cosmology is any physical cosmological model of the universe that was, or still is, proposed as an alternative to the then-current standard model of cosmology.

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Observable universe

The observable universe is a spherical region of the Universe comprising all matter that can be observed from Earth at the present time, because electromagnetic radiation from these objects has had time to reach Earth since the beginning of the cosmological expansion.

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Observational cosmology

Observational cosmology is the study of the structure, the evolution and the origin of the universe through observation, using instruments such as telescopes and cosmic ray detectors.

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Olivier Doré

Olivier Doré is a cosmologist, who is currently working as research scientist in Jet Propulsion Laboratory and visiting associate faculty at the California Institute of Technology.

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Orders of magnitude (length)

The following are examples of orders of magnitude for different lengths.

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Orders of magnitude (volume)

The table lists various objects and units by the order of magnitude of their volume.

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Outer space

Outer space, or just space, is the expanse that exists beyond the Earth and between celestial bodies.

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Physical cosmology

Physical cosmology is the study of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the Universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its origin, structure, evolution, and ultimate fate.

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Planck (spacecraft)

Planck was a space observatory operated by the European Space Agency (ESA) from 2009 to 2013, which mapped the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at microwave and infra-red frequencies, with high sensitivity and small angular resolution.

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Plasma cosmology

Plasma cosmology is a non-standard cosmology whose central postulate is that the dynamics of ionized gases and plasmas play important, if not dominant, roles in the physics of the universe beyond the Solar System.

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Quark–gluon plasma

A quark–gluon plasma (QGP) or quark soup is a state of matter in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) which exists at extremely high temperature and/or density.

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QUIJOTE CMB Experiment

The QUIJOTE CMB Experiment is an ongoing experiment started in November 2012, and lead by Rafael Rebolo López, with the goal of characterizing the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and other galactic and extragalactic emission in the frequency range 10 to 40 GHz, at angular scales of 1°.

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Radio telescope

A radio telescope is a specialized antenna and radio receiver used to receive radio waves from astronomical radio sources in the sky in radio astronomy.

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Redshift

In physics, redshift happens when light or other electromagnetic radiation from an object is increased in wavelength, or shifted to the red end of the spectrum.

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Reionization

In the field of Big Bang theory, and cosmology, reionization is the process that caused the matter in the universe to reionize after the lapse of the "dark ages".

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Renée Hložek

Renée Hložek (born 15 November 1983) is a South African cosmologist and Professor of Physics at the Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics in the University of Toronto.

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Roger Penrose

Sir Roger Penrose (born 8 August 1931) is an English mathematical physicist, mathematician and philosopher of science.

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Rotating spheres

Isaac Newton's rotating spheres argument attempts to demonstrate that true rotational motion can be defined by observing the tension in the string joining two identical spheres.

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Shape of the universe

The shape of the universe is the local and global geometry of the universe.

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Shaw Prize

The Shaw Prize is an annual award first presented by the Shaw Prize Foundation in 2004.

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Spacecraft

A spacecraft is a vehicle or machine designed to fly in outer space.

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Structure formation

In physical cosmology, structure formation is the formation of galaxies, galaxy clusters and larger structures from small early density fluctuations.

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Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect

The Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect (named after Rashid Sunyaev and Yakov B. Zel'dovich and often abbreviated as the SZ effect) is the distortion of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) through inverse Compton scattering by high energy electrons in galaxy clusters, in which the low energy CMB photons receive an average energy boost during collision with the high energy cluster electrons.

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Supersymmetry

In particle physics, supersymmetry (SUSY) is a theory that proposes a relationship between two basic classes of elementary particles: bosons, which have an integer-valued spin, and fermions, which have a half-integer spin.

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Temperature measurement

Temperature measurement, also known as thermometry, describes the process of measuring a current local temperature for immediate or later evaluation.

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Texture (cosmology)

In cosmology, a texture is a type of topological defect in the order parameter (typically a scalar field) of a field theory featuring spontaneous symmetry breaking.

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The E and B Experiment

The E and B Experiment (EBEX) will measure the cosmic microwave background radiation of a part of the sky during two sub-orbital (high-altitude) balloon flights.

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Three-torus model of the universe

The three-torus model is a cosmological model proposed in 1984 by Alexi Starobinski and Yakov B. Zeldovich at the Landau Institute in Moscow.

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Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes

This timeline of artificial satellites and space probes includes unmanned spacecraft including technology demonstrators, observatories, lunar probes, and interplanetary probes.

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Timeline of cosmological theories

This timeline of cosmological theories and discoveries is a chronological record of the development of humanity's understanding of the cosmos over the last two-plus millennia.

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Tired light

Tired light is a class of hypothetical redshift mechanisms that was proposed as an alternative explanation for the redshift-distance relationship.

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Type II supernova

A Type II supernova (plural: supernovae or supernovas) results from the rapid collapse and violent explosion of a massive star.

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Ultimate fate of the universe

The ultimate fate of the universe is a topic in physical cosmology, whose theoretical restrictions allow possible scenarios for the evolution and ultimate fate of the universe to be described and evaluated.

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Universe

The Universe is all of space and time and their contents, including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy.

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Very Small Array

The Very Small Array (VSA) was a 14-element interferometric radio telescope operating between 26 and 36 GHz that is used to study the cosmic microwave background radiation.

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Void (astronomy)

Cosmic voids are vast spaces between filaments (the largest-scale structures in the universe), which contain very few or no galaxies.

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Wilkinson

Wilkinson may refer to.

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Wonders of the Universe

Wonders of the Universe is a 2011 television series produced by the BBC, Discovery Channel, and Science Channel, hosted by physicist Professor Brian Cox.

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WorldWide Telescope

WorldWide Telescope (WWT) is an open source set of applications, data and cloud services, originally created by Microsoft Research but now an open source project hosted on GitHub.

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2001 in spaceflight

This article outlines notable events occurring in 2001 in spaceflight, including major launches and EVAs.

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2003 in science

The year 2003 was an exciting one for new scientific discoveries and technological breakthroughs progress in many scientific fields.

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2012 in science

The year 2012 involved many significant scientific events and discoveries, including the first orbital rendezvous by a commercial spacecraft, the discovery of a particle highly similar to the long-sought Higgs boson, and the near-eradication of guinea worm disease.

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21st century

The 21st century is the current century of the Anno Domini era or Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar.

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2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey

In astronomy, the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (Two-degree-Field Galaxy Redshift Survey), 2dF or 2dFGRS is a redshift survey conducted by the Anglo-Australian Observatory (AAO) with the 3.9m Anglo-Australian Telescope between 1997 and 11 April 2002.

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3-manifold

In mathematics, a 3-manifold is a space that locally looks like Euclidean 3-dimensional space.

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Redirects here:

2001-027A, Explorer 80, Map Spacecraft, Microwave Anisotropy Probe, W map, WMAP, Wilikinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, Wilkinson Microwave Anistropy Probe, Wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe, Wmap.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe

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