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X-ray fluorescence

Index X-ray fluorescence

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the emission of characteristic "secondary" (or fluorescent) X-rays from a material that has been excited by bombarding with high-energy X-rays or gamma rays. [1]

184 relations: Americium, Americium-241, Analytical chemistry, Ancient Egyptian pottery, Ancient iron production, Antonine Wall, Archaeogenetics, Archaeological science, Archaeology of trade, Arsine, Art forgery, Auger electron spectroscopy, Balangeroite, Bartlett Pond (Plymouth, Massachusetts), Bayer's Lake Mystery Walls, Beta attenuation monitoring, Blacksmith token, Borate, Brass, Canadian Light Source, Carbon, Carbonate-associated sulfate, Cement mill, Chandrayaan-1, Characteristic X-ray, Characterization of nanoparticles, CheMin, Chemostratigraphy, Chivay obsidian source, Cobalt, Colour sorter, Coltan mining and ethics, Commonly used gamma-emitting isotopes, Cone penetration test, Confocal microscopy, Conservation and restoration of illuminated manuscripts, Conservation and restoration of iron and steel objects, Conservation and restoration of metals, Conservation and restoration of paintings, Conservation and restoration of panel paintings, Conservation scientist, Counterfeit electronic components, Crookes tube, Crosby Garrett Helmet, Curiosity (rover), Dacian bracelets, Dagger, Dead Sea Scrolls, Diamond, Diamond anvil cell, ..., Elemental analysis, Emission spectrum, Energetically modified cement, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Ferrihydrite, Fineness, Fluorescence, Foss Leach, George de Hevesy, Georges Sagnac, Getty Conservation Institute, Glossary of geology, Gold fingerprinting, Gold parting, Gundestrup cauldron, Hanns Malissa, Henry Moseley, High energy X-ray imaging technology, High-energy X-rays, Holtun, Hoxne Hoard, Index of physics articles (X), Index of waste management articles, Instrumental chemistry, InXitu, Iron Crown of Lombardy, Iron-55, Jacob Borisovich Rozval, James W. Mayer, Jisk'a Iru Muqu, Kamehameha statue (original cast), Kenosha/Racine Lead-Free Communities Partnership, Kramers' law, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Lead, Lead poisoning, Lead-based paint in the United States, Lee Grodzins, Leekfrith torcs, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, List of chemical analysis methods, List of Christian Nobel laureates, List of materials analysis methods, List of Nobel laureates affiliated with King's College London, List of Nobel laureates in Physics, List of waste management acronyms, Lithic analysis, Lithium metaborate, Liverpool Institute High School for Boys, Lunokhod 1, Lunokhod programme, Mars 2020, Mars Science Laboratory, Mathematics and art, McPherson Inc, Medieval stained glass, Metallurgical assay, Micro-X-ray fluorescence, Microanalysis, Milton Keynes Hoard, Mineralogy, Monochromatic wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence, Muisca raft, N.F. Smith & Associates, Nebra sky disk, Ngamuriak, NGC 5281, Nuclear forensics, Observations and explorations of Venus, Obsidian use in Mesoamerica, Olympus Corporation, PANalytical, Particle-induced gamma emission, Paula Hahn-Weinheimer, Pedosphere, Petrography, Petrological Database of the Ocean Floor, Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, Photonics, Pilling Figurines, Pipe (fluid conveyance), Planetary Instrument for X-Ray Lithochemistry, Positive material identification, Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact theories, Pressure-temperature-time path, Provenance (geology), QPNC-PAGE, Radiation protection, Rathgen Research Laboratory, Red and White Plum Blossoms, Resonance Raman spectroscopy, Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive, Rigaku, Robert H. Brill, Sacred and Profane Love, Seifertite, Semiconductor characterization techniques, Shroud of Turin, Siam Chemicals, Siegbahn notation, Silicon drift detector, SMART-1, Spectral line shape, SPECTRO Analytical Instruments, Spectroscopy, Standing wave, Star Carr Pendant, Synchrotron light source, Synchrotron-Light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, Tanzanite, Terracotta Army, The Enchanted Pose, TT69, Tunjo, Tutankhamun's meteoric iron dagger, Two-dimensional correlation analysis, University of Missouri Research Reactor Center, Vapour phase decomposition, View from the Window at Le Gras, Waspaloy, Wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Winchester Hoard, X-ray, X-ray astronomy detector, X-ray astronomy satellite, X-ray detector, X-ray fluorescence holography, X-ray generator, X-ray optics, X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray standing waves, X-ray tube, XMM-Newton, XRF. Expand index (134 more) »

Americium

Americium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Am and atomic number 95.

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Americium-241

Americium-241 (241Am) is an isotope of americium.

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Analytical chemistry

Analytical chemistry studies and uses instruments and methods used to separate, identify, and quantify matter.

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Ancient Egyptian pottery

Ancient Egyptian pottery includes all objects of fired clay from ancient Egypt.

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Ancient iron production

Ancient iron production refers to iron working in times from prehistory to the early Middle Ages where knowledge of production processes is derived from archaeological investigation.

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Antonine Wall

The Antonine Wall, known to the Romans as Vallum Antonini, was a turf fortification on stone foundations, built by the Romans across what is now the Central Belt of Scotland, between the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Clyde.

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Archaeogenetics

Archaeogenetics is the study of ancient DNA using various molecular genetic methods and DNA resources.

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Archaeological science

Archaeological science, also known as archaeometry, consists of the application of scientific techniques to the analysis of archaeological materials, to assist in dating the materials.

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Archaeology of trade

The archaeology of trade and exchange is a sub-discipline of archaeology that identifies how material goods and ideas moved across human populations.

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Arsine

Arsine is an inorganic compound with the formula AsH3.

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Art forgery

Art forgery is the creating and selling of works of art which are falsely credited to other, usually more famous artists.

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Auger electron spectroscopy

Hanford scientist uses an Auger electron spectrometer to determine the elemental composition of surfaces. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES; pronounced in French) is a common analytical technique used specifically in the study of surfaces and, more generally, in the area of materials science.

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Balangeroite

Balangeroite is found in one of the most important chrysotile mines in Europe, the Balangero Serpentinite.

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Bartlett Pond (Plymouth, Massachusetts)

Bartlett Pond is a pond in the Manomet section of Plymouth, Massachusetts.

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Bayer's Lake Mystery Walls

The Bayers Lake Mystery Walls are a series of stone structures and walls of unknown origin and uncertain age in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

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Beta attenuation monitoring

Beta attenuation monitoring (BAM) is a widely used air monitoring technique employing the absorption of beta radiation by solid particles extracted from air flow.

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Blacksmith token

Blacksmith tokens are a form of evasion currency that was in circulation primarily in Lower Canada and Upper Canada along with neighboring areas, such as the northern parts of New York and New England in the mid-1820 to 1830s.

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Borate

Borates are the name for a large number of boron-containing oxyanions.

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Brass

Brass is a metallic alloy that is made of copper and zinc.

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Canadian Light Source

The Canadian Light Source (CLS) (Centre canadien de rayonnement synchrotron – CCRS) is Canada's national synchrotron light source facility, located on the grounds of the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.

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Carbon

Carbon (from carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6.

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Carbonate-associated sulfate

The designation of carbonate-associated sulfate (CAS) includes all sulfate species found in association with carbonate minerals, either as inclusions, adsorbed phases, or in distorted sites within the carbonate mineral lattice (Kaplan et al. 1963, Mekhtiyeva 1974, Burdett et al. 1989, Kampschulte et al. 2001, Lyons et al. 2003, Paris et al. 2013, Paris et al. 2014b, Present et al. 2015).

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Cement mill

A cement mill (or finish mill in North American usage) is the equipment used to grind the hard, nodular clinker from the cement kiln into the fine grey powder that is cement.

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Chandrayaan-1

Chandrayaan-1 (lit: Moon vehicle) was India's first lunar probe.

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Characteristic X-ray

Characteristic X-rays are emitted when outer-shell electrons fill a vacancy in the inner shell of an atom, releasing X-rays in a pattern that is "characteristic" to each element.

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Characterization of nanoparticles

The characterization of nanoparticles is a branch of nanometrology that deals with the characterization of physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles.

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CheMin

CheMin, short for Chemistry and Mineralogy, is an instrument located in the interior of the ''Curiosity'' rover that is exploring the surface of Gale crater on Mars.

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Chemostratigraphy

Chemostratigraphy, or chemical stratigraphy, is the study of the chemical variations within sedimentary sequences to determine stratigraphic relationships.

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Chivay obsidian source

The Chivay obsidian source (15.6423° S, 71.5355° W, 4972 masl) is the geological origin of a chemical group of obsidian that is found throughout the south-central Andean highlands including southern Peru and western Bolivia.

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Cobalt

Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27.

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Colour sorter

Colour sorters or color sorters (sometimes called optical sorters or digital sorters or electronic colour sorters ect.) are machines that are used on the production lines in bulk food processing and other industries.

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Coltan mining and ethics

Coltan is a metallic ore from which the very similar elements niobium, also known as columbium, and tantalum are extracted.

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Commonly used gamma-emitting isotopes

Radionuclides which emit gamma radiation are valuable in a range of different industrial, scientific and medical technologies.

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Cone penetration test

The cone penetration or cone penetrometer test (CPT) is a method used to determine the geotechnical engineering properties of soils and delineating soil stratigraphy.

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Confocal microscopy

Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation.

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Conservation and restoration of illuminated manuscripts

Preserving parchment becomes more difficult when pigments, inks, and illumination are added into the equation.

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Conservation and restoration of iron and steel objects

The conservation and restoration of iron and steel objects is an activity dedicated to the preservation and protection of objects of historical and personal value made from iron or steel.

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Conservation and restoration of metals

Conservation and restoration of metals is the activity devoted to the protection and preservation of historical (religious, artistic, technical and ethnographic) and archaeological objects made partly or entirely of metal.

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Conservation and restoration of paintings

The conservation and restoration of paintings is carried out by professional painting conservators.

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Conservation and restoration of panel paintings

The conservation and restoration of panel paintings involves working with an object that is composed of two media: wood and paint.

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Conservation scientist

A conservation scientist is a museum professional who works in the field of conservation science and whose focus is on the research of cultural heritage (e.g. art, artifacts, buildings, and monuments) through scientific inquiry.

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Counterfeit electronic components

Counterfeit electronic components are electronic parts that are misrepresented as to their origins or quality.

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Crookes tube

A Crookes tube (also Crookes–Hittorf tube) is an early experimental electrical discharge tube, with partial vacuum, invented by English physicist William Crookes and others around 1869-1875, in which cathode rays, streams of electrons, were discovered.

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Crosby Garrett Helmet

The Crosby Garrett Helmet is a copper alloy Roman cavalry helmet dating from the late 2nd or early 3rd century AD.

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Curiosity (rover)

Curiosity is a car-sized rover designed to explore Gale Crater on Mars as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission (MSL).

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Dacian bracelets

The Dacian bracelets are bracelets associated with the ancient people known as the Dacians, a distinct branch of the Thracians.

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Dagger

A dagger is a knife with a very sharp point and one or two sharp edges, typically designed or capable of being used as a thrusting or stabbing weapon.

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Dead Sea Scrolls

Dead Sea Scrolls (also Qumran Caves Scrolls) are ancient Jewish religious, mostly Hebrew, manuscripts found in the Qumran Caves near the Dead Sea.

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Diamond

Diamond is a solid form of carbon with a diamond cubic crystal structure.

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Diamond anvil cell

A diamond anvil cell (DAC) is a high-pressure device used in scientific experiments.

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Elemental analysis

Elemental analysis is a process where a sample of some material (e.g., soil, waste or drinking water, bodily fluids, minerals, chemical compounds) is analyzed for its elemental and sometimes isotopic composition.

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Emission spectrum

The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to an atom or molecule making a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state.

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Energetically modified cement

Energetically modified cements (EMC) are a class of cementitious materials made from pozzolans (e.g. fly ash, volcanic ash, pozzolana), silica sand, blast furnace slag, or Portland cement (or blends of these ingredients).

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Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, EDX, EDXS or XEDS), sometimes called energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) or energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXMA), is an analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample.

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Ferrihydrite

Ferrihydrite (Fh) is a widespread hydrous ferric oxyhydroxide mineral at the Earth's surface, and a likely constituent in extraterrestrial materials.

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Fineness

The fineness of a precious metal object (coin, bar, jewelry, etc.) represents the weight of fine metal therein, in proportion to the total weight which includes alloying base metals and any impurities.

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Fluorescence

Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation.

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Foss Leach

Foss Leach CNZM is a New Zealand archaeologist and a pioneer of integrated regional research programmes, conservation of archaeological materials, zooarchaeology, and broader aspects of archaeological science.

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George de Hevesy

George Charles de Hevesy (Georg Karl von Hevesy; 1 August 1885 – 5 July 1966) was a Hungarian radiochemist and Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate, recognized in 1943 for his key role in the development of radioactive tracers to study chemical processes such as in the metabolism of animals.

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Georges Sagnac

Georges Sagnac (14 October 1869 – 26 February 1928) was a French physicist who lent his name to the Sagnac effect, a phenomenon which is at the basis of interferometers and ring laser gyroscopes developed since the 1970s.

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Getty Conservation Institute

The Getty Conservation Institute (GCI), located in Los Angeles, California, is a program of the J. Paul Getty Trust.

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Glossary of geology

This page is a glossary of geology.

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Gold fingerprinting

Gold fingerprinting is a method of identifying an item made of gold based on the impurities or trace elements it contains.

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Gold parting

Gold parting is the separating of gold from silver.

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Gundestrup cauldron

The Gundestrup cauldron is a richly decorated silver vessel, thought to date from between 200 BC and 300 AD,Nielsen, S; Andersen, J; Baker, J; Christensen, C; Glastrup, J; et al.

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Hanns Malissa

Hanns Malissa (October 8, 1920 – June 22, 2010) was an Austrian analytical chemist and environmental chemist who published about 250 scientific papers and several books.

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Henry Moseley

Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley (23 November 1887 – 10 August 1915) was an English physicist, whose contribution to the science of physics was the justification from physical laws of the previous empirical and chemical concept of the atomic number.

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High energy X-ray imaging technology

High energy X-ray imaging technology (HEXITEC) is a family of spectroscopic, single photon counting, pixel detectors developed for high energy X-ray and Ύ-ray spectroscopy applications.

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High-energy X-rays

High-energy X-rays or HEX-rays are very hard X-rays, with typical energies of 80–1000 keV (1 MeV), about one order of magnitude higher than conventional X-rays (and well into gamma-ray energies over 120 keV).

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Holtun

Holtun, originally named La Máquina, is a Maya archaeological site located in the Petén Department of northern Guatemala on the road to Melchor de Mencos from Flores.

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Hoxne Hoard

The Hoxne Hoard is the largest hoard of late Roman silver and gold discovered in Britain, and the largest collection of gold and silver coins of the fourth and fifth centuries found anywhere within the Roman Empire.

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Index of physics articles (X)

The index of physics articles is split into multiple pages due to its size.

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Index of waste management articles

Articles related to waste management include.

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Instrumental chemistry

Instrumental analysis is a field of analytical chemistry that investigates analytes using scientific instruments.

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InXitu

inXitu was a company based in Mountain View, California, which developed portable X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis instruments.

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Iron Crown of Lombardy

The Iron Crown of Lombardy (Corona Ferrea; Corona Ferrea Langobardiae) is both a reliquary and one of the oldest royal insignias of Christendom.

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Iron-55

Iron-55 or 55Fe is a radioactive isotope of iron with a nucleus containing 26 protons and 29 neutrons.

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Jacob Borisovich Rozval

Rozval Yakov Borisovich (1932–2015) – Soviet, and subsequently, Russian engineer, chief designer of the Soviet-wide Scientific Research Institute of TV and radio broadcasting, Honored Inventor of the RSFSR, Honorary radioman.

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James W. Mayer

James W. Mayer was a physical chemist, who was active in the field of ion-solid interactions.

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Jisk'a Iru Muqu

Jisk'a Iru Muqu (Aymara, jisk'a small, iru a type of grass, (Festuca orthophylla), muqu knot; joint of a part of the reed, also spelled Jiskairumoko, Jisk'airumoko) is a pre-Columbian archaeological site south-east of Puno, Peru.

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Kamehameha statue (original cast)

The Kamehameha I statue (original cast) is an outdoor sculpture by American artist Thomas Ridgeway Gould, cast in 1880 and installed in 1883.

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Kenosha/Racine Lead-Free Communities Partnership

The Kenosha/Racine Lead-Free Communities Partnership is a joint venture of Kenosha County, Wisconsin and the city of Racine, Wisconsin, along with various community organizations.

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Kramers' law

Kramers' law is a formula for the spectral distribution of X-rays produced by an electron hitting a solid target.

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a type of atomic emission spectroscopy which uses a highly energetic laser pulse as the excitation source.

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Lead

Lead is a chemical element with symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82.

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Lead poisoning

Lead poisoning is a type of metal poisoning caused by lead in the body.

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Lead-based paint in the United States

Lead-based paint was widely used in the United States, because of its durability.

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Lee Grodzins

Lee Grodzins (born July 10, 1926) is an American professor emeritus of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

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Leekfrith torcs

The Leekfrith torcs are four Iron Age gold torcs found by two hobby metal detectorists in December 2016 in a field in Leekfrith, north Staffordshire, England.

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Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (The Young Ladies of Avignon, and originally titled The Brothel of Avignon) is a large oil painting created in 1907 by the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso (1881–1973) and now on exhibit in New York's Museum of Modern Art.

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List of chemical analysis methods

A list of chemical analysis methods with acronyms.

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List of Christian Nobel laureates

65% of Nobel prize winners have been Christians.

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List of materials analysis methods

List of materials analysis methods.

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List of Nobel laureates affiliated with King's College London

The Nobel Prizes are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Karolinska Institute, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.

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List of Nobel laureates in Physics

The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of physics.

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List of waste management acronyms

The following article contains a list of acronyms and initials used in the waste management industry.

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Lithic analysis

In archaeology, lithic analysis is the analysis of stone tools and other chipped stone artifacts using basic scientific techniques.

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Lithium metaborate

Lithium metaborate (LiBO2) is a chemical compound.

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Liverpool Institute High School for Boys

The Liverpool Institute High School for Boys was an all-boys grammar school in the English port city of Liverpool.

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Lunokhod 1

Lunokhod 1 (Луноход, moon walker in Russian; Аппарат 8ЕЛ № 203, vehicle 8ЕЛ№203) was the first of two unmanned lunar rovers landed on the Moon by the Soviet Union as part of its Lunokhod program.

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Lunokhod programme

Lunokhod (Луноход, "Moonwalker") was a series of Soviet robotic lunar rovers designed to land on the Moon between 1969 and 1977.

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Mars 2020

Mars 2020 is a Mars rover mission by NASA's Mars Exploration Program with a planned launch in 2020.

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Mars Science Laboratory

Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) is a robotic space probe mission to Mars launched by NASA on November 26, 2011, which successfully landed Curiosity, a Mars rover, in Gale Crater on August 6, 2012.

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Mathematics and art

Mathematics and art are related in a variety of ways.

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McPherson Inc

McPherson is a custom manufacturer of precision optical instruments and systems for measuring and characterizing spectra.

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Medieval stained glass

Medieval stained glass is the coloured and painted glass of medieval Europe from the 10th century to the 16th century.

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Metallurgical assay

A metallurgical assay is a compositional analysis of an ore, metal, or alloy.

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Micro-X-ray fluorescence

Micro x-ray fluorescence (µXRF) is an elemental analysis technique that relies on the same principles as x-ray fluorescence (XRF).

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Microanalysis

Microanalysis is the chemical identification and quantitative analysis of very small amounts of chemical substances (generally less than 10 mg or 1 ml) or very small surfaces of material (generally less than 1 cm2).

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Milton Keynes Hoard

The Milton Keynes Hoard is a hoard of Bronze Age gold found in September 2000 in a field near Monkston in Milton Keynes, England.

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Mineralogy

Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts.

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Monochromatic wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence

Monochromatic wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence (MWD XRF) is an enhanced version of conventional wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDXRF) elemental analysis.

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Muisca raft

The Muisca raft (Balsa Muisca in Spanish), sometimes referred to as the El Dorado Raft, is an artistic figure of pre-Columbian gold votive, drafted by the Muisca who established one of the four grand civilisations in the Americas on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes.

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N.F. Smith & Associates

N.F. Smith & Associates, also known as Smith, is an independent distributor of electronic components headquartered in Houston, Texas.

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Nebra sky disk

The Nebra sky disk is a bronze disk of around diameter and a weight of, with a blue-green patina and inlaid with gold symbols.

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Ngamuriak

Ngamuriak is the name of an archaeological site that is located in south-western Kenya.

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NGC 5281

NGC 5281 is an open cluster in the constellation Centaurus.

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Nuclear forensics

Nuclear forensics is the investigation of nuclear materials to find evidence for the source, the trafficking, and the enrichment of the material.

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Observations and explorations of Venus

Observations of the planet Venus include those in antiquity, telescopic observations, and from visiting spacecraft.

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Obsidian use in Mesoamerica

Obsidian is a naturally formed volcanic glass that was an important part of the material culture of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica.

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Olympus Corporation

is a Japanese manufacturer of optics and reprography products.

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PANalytical

PANalytical is an international scientific instrumentation and software supplier which develops and manufactures X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), near-infrared (NIR), optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and pulsed fast thermal neutron activation (PFTNA) equipment for use in research and industry.

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Particle-induced gamma emission

Particle-induced gamma emission (PIGE) is a form of nuclear reaction analysis, one of the ion beam analysis thin-film analytical techniques.

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Paula Hahn-Weinheimer

Paula Hahn-Weinheimer (* March 8, 1917 in Nuremberg – † December 2, 2002 in Munich) was a German geochemist.

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Pedosphere

The pedosphere (from Greek πέδον pedon "soil" or "earth" and σφαῖρα sphaira "sphere") is the outermost layer of the Earth that is composed of soil and subject to soil formation processes.

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Petrography

Petrography is a branch of petrology that focuses on detailed descriptions of rocks.

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Petrological Database of the Ocean Floor

The Petrological Database of the Ocean Floor (PetDB) is a relational database and repository for global geochemical data on igneous and metamorphic rocks generated at mid-ocean ridges including back-arc basins, young seamounts, and old oceanic crust, as well as ophiolites and terrestrial xenoliths from the mantle and lower crust and diamond geochemistry.

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Philippine Nuclear Research Institute

The Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI) is a government agency under the Department of Science and Technology mandated to undertake research and development activities in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, institute regulations on the said uses, and carry out the enforcement of said regulations to protect the health and safety of radiation workers and the general public.

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Photonics

Photonics is the physical science of light (photon) generation, detection, and manipulation through emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, and detection/sensing.

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Pilling Figurines

The Pilling Figurines are a set of eleven clay figurines made by the Fremont culture.

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Pipe (fluid conveyance)

A pipe is a tubular section or hollow cylinder, usually but not necessarily of circular cross-section, used mainly to convey substances which can flow — liquids and gases (fluids), slurries, powders and masses of small solids.

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Planetary Instrument for X-Ray Lithochemistry

Planetary Instrument for X-Ray Lithochemistry (PIXL) is an x-ray fluorescence spectrometer to determine the fine scale elemental composition of Martian surface materials designed for the Mars 2020 rover mission.

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Positive material identification

Positive Material Identification (PMI) is the analysis of a metallic alloy to establish composition by reading the quantities by percentage of its constituent elements.

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Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact theories

Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact theories relate to visits or interactions with the Americas and/or indigenous peoples of the Americas by people from Africa, Asia, Europe, or Oceania before Columbus's first voyage to the Caribbean in 1492.

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Pressure-temperature-time path

The Pressure-Temperature-time path (P-T-t path) is a record of the pressure and temperature (P-T) conditions that a rock experienced in a metamorphic cycle from burial and heating to uplift and exhumation to the surface.

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Provenance (geology)

Provenance in geology, is the reconstruction of the origin of sediments.

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QPNC-PAGE

QPNC-PAGE, or quantitative preparative native continuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, is a bioanalytical, high-resolution and highly accurate technique applied in biochemistry and bioinorganic chemistry to separate proteins quantitatively by isoelectric point.

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Radiation protection

Radiation protection, sometimes known as radiological protection, is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as "The protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, and the means for achieving this".

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Rathgen Research Laboratory

The Rathgen Research Laboratory (Rathgen-Forschungslabor) is a Research Institute of the Berlin State Museums under the auspices of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation.

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Red and White Plum Blossoms

Red and White Plum Blossoms (紙本金地著色紅白梅図) is an early 18th-century painting on a pair of two-panel byōbu folding screens by Japanese artist Ogata Kōrin (1658–1716).

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Resonance Raman spectroscopy

Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RR spectroscopy) is a Raman spectroscopy technique in which the incident photon energy is close in energy to an electronic transition of a compound or material under examination.

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Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive

The Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive 2002/95/EC, (RoHS 1), short for Directive on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment, was adopted in February 2003 by the European Union.

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Rigaku

Rigaku Corporation is an international manufacturer and distributor of scientific, analytical and industrial instrumentation specializing in X-ray related technologies, including X-ray crystallography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray reflectivity, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), automation, cryogenics and X-ray optics.

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Robert H. Brill

Dr Robert Brill is in the field of archaeological science, best known for his work on the chemical analysis of ancient glass.

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Sacred and Profane Love

Sacred and Profane Love (Amor Sacro e Amor Profano) is an oil painting by Titian, probably painted in 1515, early in his career.

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Seifertite

Seifertite is a silicate mineral with the formula SiO2 and is one of the densest polymorphs of silica.

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Semiconductor characterization techniques

The purpose of this article is to summarize the methods used to experimentally characterize a semiconductor material or device (PN junction, Schottky diode, etc.). Some examples of semiconductor quantities that could be characterized include depletion width, carrier concentration, optical generation and recombination rate, carrier lifetimes, defect concentration, trap states, etc.

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Shroud of Turin

The Shroud of Turin or Turin Shroud (Sindone di Torino, Sacra Sindone or Santa Sindone) is a length of linen cloth bearing the negative image of a man who is alleged to be Jesus of Nazareth.

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Siam Chemicals

The Siam Chemicals Public Company (SCC) blends and trades chemicals, fertilisers and lubricants and manufactures basic chemicals for downstream industries such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, various bases and salts.

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Siegbahn notation

The Siegbahn notation is used in X-ray spectroscopy to name the spectral lines that are characteristic to elements.

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Silicon drift detector

Silicon drift detectors (SDDs) are X-ray radiation detectors used in x-ray spectrometry (XRF and EDS) and electron microscopy.

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SMART-1

SMART-1 was a Swedish-designed European Space Agency satellite that orbited around the Moon.

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Spectral line shape

Spectral line shape describes the form of a feature, observed in spectroscopy, corresponding to an energy change in an atom, molecule or ion.

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SPECTRO Analytical Instruments

SPECTRO Analytical Instruments is a manufacturer of elemental analyzers using optical emission spectroscopy and x-ray fluorescence spectrometry.

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Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation.

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Standing wave

In physics, a standing wave – also known as a stationary wave – is a wave which oscillates in time but whose peak amplitude profile does not move in space.

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Star Carr Pendant

The Star Carr Pendant is a unique engraved shale pendant from the Mesolithic site of Star Carr in North Yorkshire.

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Synchrotron light source

A synchrotron light source is a source of electromagnetic radiation (EM) usually produced by a storage ring, for scientific and technical purposes.

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Synchrotron-Light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East

The Synchrotron-Light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East (SESAME) is an independent laboratory located in Allan in the Balqa governorate of Jordan, created under the auspices of UNESCO on 30 May 2002.

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Tanzanite

Tanzanite is the blue and violet variety of the mineral zoisite (a calcium aluminium hydroxyl sorosilicate) belonging to the epidote group.

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Terracotta Army

The Terracotta Army is a collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China.

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The Enchanted Pose

The Enchanted Pose is a 1927 painting by René Magritte depicting a side-by-side pair of identical female nudes in a bare interior.

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TT69

Theban Tomb 69 (TT 69) is located in Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, part of the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Luxor.

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Tunjo

A tunjo (from Muysccubun: chunso) is a small anthropomorh or zoomorph figure elaborated by the Muisca as part of their art.

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Tutankhamun's meteoric iron dagger

Tutankhamun's iron dagger closely correlates with meteoric composition, including homogeneity.

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Two-dimensional correlation analysis

Two dimensional correlation analysis is a mathematical technique that is used to study changes in measured signals.

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University of Missouri Research Reactor Center

The University of Missouri Research Reactor Center (MURR) is home to a tank-type nuclear research reactor that serves the University of Missouri in Columbia.

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Vapour phase decomposition

Vapour phase decomposition (VPD) is a method used in the semiconductor industry to improve the sensitivity of total-reflection x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy by changing the contaminant from a thin layer (which has an angle-dependent fluorescence intensity in the TXRF-domain) to a granular residue.

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View from the Window at Le Gras

View from the Window at Le Gras is a heliographic image and the oldest surviving camera photograph.

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Waspaloy

Waspaloy is a registered trademark of United Technologies Corp that refers to an age hardening austenitic (face-centred cubic) nickel-based superalloy.

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Wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDXS or WDS) is a method used to count the number of X-rays of a specific wavelength diffracted by a crystal.

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Winchester Hoard

The Winchester Hoard is a hoard of Iron Age gold found in a field in the Winchester area of Hampshire, England, in 2000, by a retired florist and amateur metal detectorist, Kevan Halls.

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X-ray

X-rays make up X-radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation.

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X-ray astronomy detector

X-ray astronomy detectors are instruments that detect X-rays for use in the study of X-ray astronomy.

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X-ray astronomy satellite

An X-ray astronomy satellite studies X-ray emissions from celestial objects, as part of a branch of space science known as X-ray astronomy.

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X-ray detector

X-ray detectors are devices used to measure the flux, spatial distribution, spectrum, and/or other properties of X-rays.

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X-ray fluorescence holography

X-ray fluorescence holography (XFH) is a holography method with atomic resolution based on atomic fluorescence.

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X-ray generator

An X-ray generator is a device that produces X-rays.

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X-ray optics

X-ray optics is the branch of optics that manipulates X-rays instead of visible light.

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X-ray spectroscopy

X-ray spectroscopy is a gathering name for several spectroscopic techniques for characterization of materials by using x-ray excitation.

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X-ray standing waves

The X-ray standing wave (XSW) technique can be used to study the structure of surfaces and interfaces with high spatial resolution and chemical selectivity.

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X-ray tube

An X-ray tube is a vacuum tube that converts electrical input power into X-rays.

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XMM-Newton

XMM-Newton, also known as the High Throughput X-ray Spectroscopy Mission and the X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission, is an X-ray space observatory launched by the European Space Agency in December 1999 on an Ariane 5 rocket.

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XRF

XRF may refer to.

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Redirects here:

Characteristic radiation, Rowland circle, X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy, X-Ray fluorescence, X-ray fluorescence analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray fluorimetry, XRF technology, XRFS.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_fluorescence

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