Azerbaijan (Iran)

Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan (آذربایجان Āzarbāijān; آذربایجان Azərbaycan), also known as Iranian Azerbaijan, is a historical region in northwestern Iran that borders Iraq, Turkey, the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan. ^[1]

Ağ Dağ

Ağ Dağ (Persian: آغ داغ) is the highest peak in Mount Bozgush located in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, with a height of 3,306 meters (10,846 ft).

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Abbas II of Persia

Shah Abbas II (Shāh Abbās) (30 August 1632 – 26 October 1666), was the seventh Safavid king (shah) of Iran, ruling from 1642 to 1666.

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Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate (or ٱلْخِلافَةُ ٱلْعَبَّاسِيَّة) was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

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Abhar and Khorramdarreh (electoral district)

Abhar and Khorramdarreh (electoral district) is a 2nd electoral district in the Zanjan Province.

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Abulgasim Nabati

Seyid Abulgasim Nabati (سید ابوالقاسم نباتی, Əbülqasım Nəbati, 1812–1873) was a 19th-century Iranian Azerbaijani poet.

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Achaemenid Empire

The Achaemenid Empire, also called the First Persian Empire, was an empire based in Western Asia, founded by Cyrus the Great.

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Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar

Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar (translit; 14 March 1742 – 17 June 1797), also known by his regnal name of Agha Mohammad Shah (آقا محمد شاه), was the founder of the Qajar dynasty of Iran, ruling from 1789 to 1797 as king (shah).

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Ahar and Heris (electoral district)

Ahar and Heris (electoral district) is a 4th electoral district in the East Azerbaijan Province.

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Ahmad Alirezabeigi

Ahmad Alirezabeighi (احمد علیرضابیگی, born 1957 in Shabestar) is an Iranian retired police officer and principlist politician who currently serves as member of the Iranian Parliament representing Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr electoral district.

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Ahmad Kasravi

Ahmad Kasravi (29 September 1890 – 11 March 1946; احمد کسروی) was a notable Iranian linguist, historian, nationalist and reformer.

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Airline

An airline is a company that provides air transport services for traveling passengers and freight.

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Ajab Shir

Ajabshir (Ajabŝir; also Romanized as ‘Ajab Shīr; also known as Ajabshahr) is a city & capital of Ajab Shir County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.The city's population is Azerbaijanis.

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Aji Chay

Aji Chay (آجی چای Acı çay, تلخه رود) or Talkhe Rud is a river in Azerbaijan region of Iran.

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Alexander the Great

Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Aléxandros ho Mégas), was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty.

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Ali Akbar Ghoreishi

Ayatollah Seyed Ali Akbar Ghoreishi (علی اکبر قریشی, was born 1928 in Bonab, East Azerbaijan) is an Iranian Shiite cleric, author and politician.

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Ali Daei Stadium

The Ali Daei Stadium (ورزشگاه علی دایی) is a 20,000 seater stadium in Ardabil, Iran.

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Ali Khamenei

Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei (سید علی حسینی خامنه‌ای,; born 17 July 1939) is a ''marja'' and the second and current Supreme Leader of Iran, in office since 1989.

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Ali Malakouti

Ali Malakouti (علی ملکوتی, born in Qom from Azerbaijanis family Moslem Malakouti) is an Iranian Shiite cleric and politician.

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Ali Meshkini

Ali Akbar Feyz Aleni (علی‌اکبر فیض آلنی; 2 December 1921 – 30 July 2007), more known as Ali Meshkini, was an Iranian hardline cleric and politician.

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Ali Mojuz

Ali Mojuz or Mirza Ali Mojuz Shabestarti (معجز شبستری-, Mirzə Əli Möcüz-میرزا علی معجز) was an Iranian Azerbaijani poet.

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Alpine climate

Alpine climate is the average weather (climate) for the regions above the tree line.

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Andesite

Andesite is an extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture.

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Anseriformes

Anseriformes is an order of birds that comprise about 180 living species in three families: Anhimidae (the screamers), Anseranatidae (the magpie goose), and Anatidae, the largest family, which includes over 170 species of waterfowl, among them the ducks, geese, and swans.

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Aq Qoyunlu

The Aq Qoyunlu or Ak Koyunlu, also called the White Sheep Turkomans (Āq Quyūnlū), was a Persianate Sunni Oghuz Turkic tribal federation that ruled present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Eastern Turkey, most part of Iran, and Iraq from 1378 to 1501.

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Arabs

Arabs (عَرَب ISO 233, Arabic pronunciation) are a population inhabiting the Arab world.

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Aras (river)

The Aras or Araxes is a river flowing through Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran.

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Aras Free Zone

Aras Free Trade - Industrial Zone (abbreviated as AFZ) is located in the Northwest of Iran at the border point with neighboring Armenia, Azerbaijan and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.

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Arasbaran

Arasbaran (ارسباران Arasbârân) or Arasbar (ارسبار Arasbâr), also known as "Qaradagh" or "Karadagh" (Qaradağ / قره‌داغ, meaning "black mountain"), or "Qaraja dagh" or "Karaja dagh" (Qaracadağ / قراجه‌‌داغ, meaning "black mountain"), is a large mountainous area stretching from the Qūshā Dāgh massif, south of Ahar, to the Aras River in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran.

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Ardabil

Ardabil (اردبیل., اردبیل, also Romanized as Ardabīl and Ardebīl) is an ancient city in Iranian Azerbaijan.

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Ardabil Airport

Ardabil Airport is an airport north-east of Ardabil, in north-western Iran.

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Ardabil Carpet

The Ardabil Carpets (Ardebil Carpets) are a pair of famous Iranian carpets in the collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.

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Ardabil County

Ardabil County (شهرستان اردبیل) is a county in Ardabil Province in Iran.

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Ardabil Province

Ardabil Province (استان اردبیل; اردبیل اوستانی) is one of the thirty-one provinces of Iran.

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Ardabil rug

Ardabil rugs originate from Ardabil located in the province of Ardabil Province in northwestern Iran, 639 kilometers from Tehran.

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Ardabil University of Medical Sciences

Ardabil University of Medical Sciences (ARUMS), is a medical university in Ardabil Province of Iran.

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Ardabil, Nir, Namin and Sareyn (electoral district)

Ardabil, Nir, Namin and Sareyn (electoral district) is a biggest electoral district in the Ardabil Province.

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Ardashir I

Ardashir I or Ardeshir I (Middle Persian:, New Persian: اردشیر بابکان, Ardashir-e Bābakān), also known as Ardashir the Unifier (180–242 AD), was the founder of the Sasanian Empire.

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Armenia

Armenia (translit), officially the Republic of Armenia (translit), is a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Armenian language

The Armenian language (reformed: հայերեն) is an Indo-European language spoken primarily by the Armenians.

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Armenians

Armenians (հայեր, hayer) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian Highlands.

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Arran (Caucasus)

Arran (Middle Persian form), also known as Aran, Ardhan (in Parthian), Al-Ran (in Arabic), Aghvank and Alvank (in Armenian), (რანი-Ran-i) or Caucasian Albania (in Latin), was a geographical name used in ancient and medieval times to signify the territory which lies within the triangle of land, lowland in the east and mountainous in the west, formed by the junction of Kura and Aras rivers, including the highland and lowland Karabakh, Mil plain and parts of the Mughan plain, and in the pre-Islamic times, corresponded roughly to the territory of modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan.

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Asghar Dirbaz

Hujjat al-IslamAsghar Dirbaz (عسگر دیرباز, born 1959 in Mianeh, East Azerbaijan) is an Iranian Shiite cleric, author and politician.

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Ashik

An Ashik was traditionally a singer who accompanied his song— be it a dastan (traditional epic story, also known as hikaye) or a shorter original composition—with a long necked lute (bağlama) in Azerbaijani culture and related Turkic cultures.

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Assembly of Experts

The Assembly of Experts (Majles-e Khobregān-e Rahbari) —also translated as the Assembly of Experts of the Leadership or as the Council of Experts— is the deliberative body empowered to designate and dismiss the Supreme Leader of Iran.

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Assyrian people

Assyrian people (ܐܫܘܪܝܐ), or Syriacs (see terms for Syriac Christians), are an ethnic group indigenous to the Middle East.

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Astara, Iran

Astara (آستارا, also Romanized as Āstārā) is a city and capital of Astara County, Gilan Province, Iran.

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ATA Airlines (Iran)

ATA Airlines (هواپیمایی آتا) is an Iranian airline based in Tabriz International Airport.

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Atropatene

Atropatene (in Ἀτροπατηνή; in Middle Iranian: Atropatkan and Atorpatkan) was an ancient kingdom established and ruled under local ethnic Iranian dynasties, first with Darius III of Persia and later Alexander the Great of Macedonia starting in the 4th century BC and includes the territory of modern-day Iranian Azerbaijan, Iranian Kurdistan, and a small part of the contemporary Azerbaijan Republic.

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Atropates

Atropates (Greek Aτρoπάτης, from Old Persian Athurpat "protected by fire"; c. 370 BC – after 321 BC) was a Persian trader and nobleman who served Darius III, then Alexander the Great, and eventually founded an independent kingdom and dynasty that was named after him.

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Automotive industry in Iran

Iran’s automotive industry is the third most active industry of the country, after its oil and gas industry, accounting for 10% of Iran's GDP and 4% of the workforce (700,000 persons).

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Avarayr Plain

The Avarayr Plain (Ավարայրի Դաշտ) is the location of the Battle of Avarayr in 451, and is described as being along the banks of the Ṭłmut River (Տղմուտ գետ) (Rūd-e Zangemār, Iran), apparently the Armeno-Persian frontier at that time.

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Avesta

The Avesta is the primary collection of religious texts of Zoroastrianism, composed in the otherwise unrecorded Avestan language.

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Azad Khan Afghan

Azād Khān Afghān (آزاد خان افغان), or Azād Shāh Afghān (آزاد شاه افغان) (died 1781), was a Pashtun military commander and a major contender for supremacy in western Iran after the death of Nader Shah Afshar in 1747.

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Azar Motor Industrial CO

Azar Motor Industrial CO or AMICO (fa) is an Iranian truck manufacturer established in 1989 and located in Jolfa near Tabriz.

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Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University

Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, (دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان) commonly called only Azarbaijan University, is a state university located near Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, founded in 1987.

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Azari (magazine)

Azari (آذری, آذری) is a quarterly magazine published in Tehran in the Azerbaijani and Persian languages.

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Azerbaijan

No description.

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Azerbaijan (Iran)

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Azerbaijan Democratic Republic

The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR; Azərbaycan Demokratik Respublikası), also known as Azerbaijan People's Republic (Azərbaycan Xalq Cümhuriyyəti) or Caucasus Azerbaijan in diplomatic documents, was the third democratic republic in the Turkic world and Muslim world, after the Crimean People's Republic and Idel-Ural Republic.

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Azerbaijan People's Government

The Azerbaijan People's Government (APG; Azərbaycan Milli Hökuməti, حکومت خودمختار آذربایجان, Азербайджанское народное правительство, Azerbajdzhanskoe narodnoe pravitel'stvo) was a short-lived unrecognized secessionist state in northern Iran from November 1945 to December 1946.

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Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic

Azerbaijan (Азәрбајҹан; Azərbaycan), officially the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (Azerbaijan SSR; Азәрбајҹан Совет Сосиалист Республикасы, Azərbaycan Sovet Sosialist Respublikası, Азербайджанская Советская Социалистическая Республика, Azerbajdžanskaja Sovetskaja Socialističeskaja Respublika) and the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası, Азәрбајҹан Республикасы), also referred to as Soviet Azerbaijan, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union between 1922 and 1991.

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Azerbaijan TV

Azerbaijan TV is a regional state run TV station affiliated to IRIB.

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Azerbaijani dances

There are a number of Azerbaijani dances (Azərbaycan Rəqsləri) used by the Azerbaijani people of Azerbaijan and Iranian Azerbaijan.

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Azerbaijani folklore

Azerbaijani folklore is the folk tradition of Azerbaijanis which has developed throughout the centuries.

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Azerbaijani language

Azerbaijani or Azeri, also referred to as Azeri Turkic or Azeri Turkish, is a Turkic language spoken primarily by the Azerbaijanis, who are concentrated mainly in Transcaucasia and Iranian Azerbaijan (historic Azerbaijan).

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Azerbaijanis

Azerbaijanis or Azeris (Azərbaycanlılar آذربایجانلیلار, Azərilər آذریلر), also known as Azerbaijani Turks (Azərbaycan türkləri آذربایجان تورکلری), are a Turkic ethnic group living mainly in the Iranian region of Azerbaijan and the sovereign (former Soviet) Republic of Azerbaijan.

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Azeri style

The "Azerbaijani style" or "Azeri style" (شیوهٔ معماری آذری) is a style (sabk) of architecture when categorizing Iranian architecture development in Iranian Azerbaijan history.

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Babak Khorramdin

Bābak Khorramdin (Formally known as "Pāpak" meaning "Young Father") (بابک خرمدین, alternative spelling: Pāpak Khorramdin; 795, according to some other sources 798— January 838) was one of the main PersianArthur Goldschmidt, Lawrence Davidson, "A concise history of the Middle East", Westview Press; Eighth Edition (July 21, 2005).

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Baneh

Baneh (بانه; بانه‌, Bane; also Romanized as Bāneh) is a city and capital of Baneh County, Kurdistan Province, in Iran's western border.

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Bashir Khaleghi

Bashir Khaleghi (‌بشیر خالقی) is an Iranian politician and pediatrician.

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Battle of al-Qādisiyyah

The Battle of al-Qādisiyyah (معركة القادسيّة; transliteration, Ma'rakatu al-Qādisiyyah; alternative spellings: Qadisiyya, Qadisiyyah, Kadisiya, Ghadesiyeh, نبرد قادسیه; transliteration: Nabard-e Qādsieh), fought in 636, was a decisive battle between the Arab Muslim army and the Sassanid Persian army during the first period of Muslim expansion.

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Battle of Krtsanisi

The Battle of Krtsanisi (კრწანისის ბრძოლა, k'rts'anisis brdzola) was fought between the Qajars of Iran and the Georgian armies of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti and Kingdom of Imereti at the place of Krtsanisi near Tbilisi, Georgia, from September 8 to September 11, 1795, as part of Qajar Emperor Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar's war in response to King Heraclius II of Georgia’s alliance with the Russian Empire.

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Bazaar

A bazaar is a permanently enclosed marketplace or street where goods and services are exchanged or sold.

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Bazaar of Tabriz

The Bazaar of Tabriz (بازار تبریز, also Romanized as Bāzār-e Tabriz) is a historical market situated in the city center of Tabriz, Iran.

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Bazargan, Iran

Bazargan (بازرگان; also Romanized as Bāzargān and Bāzergān; also known as Bāzarqān) is a city and capital of Bazargan District, in Maku County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Behnam House

Behnam House is a historical building in Tabriz, Iran.

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Beytollah Abdollahi

Beytollah Abdollahi (بیت‌الله عبداللهی) is an Iranian reformist politician who is currently representative of Ahar and Heris in the Parliament of Iran.

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Bileh Savar

Bilesuvar (بيله سوار, also Romanized as Bilesuvar) is the capital city of Bilesuvar County in Ardabil Province, Iran.

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Bileh Savar County

Bileh Savar County (شهرستان بیله‌سوار; Bilesvar) is a county in Ardabil Province in Azerbaijan (Iran).

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Blue Mosque, Tabriz

The Blue Mosque (گؤی مسجید., Goy Masjed; مسجد کبود, Masjed-e Kabūd) is a famous historic mosque in Tabriz, Iran.

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Bonab

Bonab (بناب; also Romanized as Bonāb and Benāb; also known as Bināb, Bunab, Binov, and Binev) is a city and capital of Bonab County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Bonab (electoral district)

Bonab (electoral district) is a 7th electoral district in the East Azerbaijan Province.

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Bonyan Diesel Stadium

Bonyan Diesel Stadium (Persian: ورزشگاه بنیان دیزل) or Gostaresh Foulad Stadium (Persian: ورزشگاه گسترش فولاد) is a soccer-specific stadium belongs to Gostaresh FC, located in west Tabriz, Iran.

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Borage

Borage (Borago officinalis), also known as a starflower, is an annual herb in the flowering plant family Boraginaceae.

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Bostanabad (electoral district)

Bostanabad (electoral district) is an 11th electoral district in the East Azerbaijan Province.

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Brand

A brand is a name, term, design, symbol, or other feature that distinguishes an organization or product from its rivals in the eyes of the customer.

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Brigade

A brigade is a major tactical military formation that is typically composed of three to six battalions plus supporting elements.

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Bukan (electoral district)

Bukan (electoral district) is a 6th electoral district in the West Azerbaijan Province.

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Cabinet of Iran

The Cabinet of Iran (هیئت‌دولت ایران) is a formal body composed of government officials, ministers, chosen and led by a President.

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Caliphate

A caliphate (خِلافة) is a state under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (خَليفة), a person considered a religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire ummah (community).

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.

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Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed inland body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea.

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Caucasian Albania

Albania, usually referred to as Caucasian Albania for disambiguation with the modern state of Albania (the endonym is unknownRobert H. Hewsen. "Ethno-History and the Armenian Influence upon the Caucasian Albanians", in: Samuelian, Thomas J. (Ed.), Classical Armenian Culture. Influences and Creativity. Chicago: 1982, pp. 27-40.Bosworth, Clifford E.. Encyclopædia Iranica.), is a name for the historical region of the eastern Caucasus, that existed on the territory of present-day republic of Azerbaijan (where both of its capitals were located) and partially southern Dagestan.

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Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucasia is a region located at the border of Europe and Asia, situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea and occupied by Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia.

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Central Iran

Central Iran consists of the Alborz Mountains in the north, the Zagros Mountains in the south and west, and the scattered mountains of Khorasan in the east.

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Chapel of Chupan

The Chapel of Chupan is a small, historic Armenian church building in a mountain valley west of Jolfa near the Aras River in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Chapel of Dzordzor

The Chapel of Dzordzor (Ծոր Ծորի Սուրբ Աստվածածնի մատուռ, Zurzur kilsəsi, کلیسای زور زور), is part of an Armenian monastery located in Maku County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran, on Zangmar River near the village of Baron.

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Church of the Holy Mother of God, Darashamb

The Church of Saint Astvatsatsin or Church of the Holy Mother of God (Սուրբ Ասսուածածին Եկեղեցի, کلیسای مریم‌مقدس دره‌شام) is a 17th-century Armenian church in the Valley of the Araxes along the Aras river in Jolfa, East Azerbaijan, Iran near Darashamb.

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Churs

Churs (چورس, also Romanized as Chūrs, Chowras, and Chowrs; also known as Choras, Chors, and Jūres) is a village in Churs Rural District, in the Central District of Chaypareh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Circassians

The Circassians (Черкесы Čerkesy), also known by their endonym Adyghe (Circassian: Адыгэхэр Adygekher, Ады́ги Adýgi), are a Northwest Caucasian nation native to Circassia, many of whom were displaced in the course of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the 19th century, especially after the Russian–Circassian War in 1864.

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Columbia University Press

Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City, and affiliated with Columbia University.

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Controlled-access highway

A controlled-access highway is a type of highway which has been designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow and ingress/egress regulated.

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County

A county is a geographical region of a country used for administrative or other purposes,Chambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations.

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Crater lake

A crater lake is a lake that forms in a volcanic crater or caldera, such as a maar; less commonly and with lower association to the term a lake may form in an impact crater caused by a meteorite, or in the crater left by an artificial explosion caused by humans.

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Dagestan

The Republic of Dagestan (Респу́блика Дагеста́н), or simply Dagestan (or; Дагеста́н), is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region.

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Daylamites

The Daylamites or Dailamites (Middle Persian: Daylamīgān; دیلمیان Deylamiyān) were an Iranian people inhabiting the Daylam—the mountainous regions of northern Iran on the southern shore of the Caspian Sea.

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Daysam ibn Ibrahim al-Kurdi

Daisam b. Ibrahim al-Kurdi (alternatively Daysam) (d. c. 957) was a Kurdish ruler, the ruler of Adharbayjan (by 938–941/942, 951–953).

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Demographics of Iran

Iran's population increased dramatically during the later half of the 20th century, reaching about 80 million by 2016.

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Department of Environment (Iran)

The Iranian Department of Environment is a governmental organization, under the supervision of the president, that is responsible for matters related to safeguarding the environment.

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Deutsche Welle

Deutsche Welle ("German wave" in German) or DW is Germany's public international broadcaster.

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Division (military)

A division is a large military unit or formation, usually consisting of between 10,000 and 20,000 soldiers.

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Dome of Soltaniyeh

The central magnet of Soltaniyeh's several ruins is the Mausoleum of Il-khan Öljeitü also known as Muhammad Khodabandeh, traditionally known as the Dome of Soltaniyeh in Soltaniyeh city, Zanjan Province.

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Donya-e-Eqtesad

Donya-e-Eqtesad (دنیای اقتصاد meaning "World of Economics" in Persian) is a daily newspaper.

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East Azerbaijan Province

East Azerbaijan Province (استان آذربایجان شرقی Āzarbāijān-e Sharqi; شرقی آذربایجان اوستانی) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Eastern Armenia

Eastern Armenia (Արևելյան Հայաստան Arevelyan Hayastan) is a term used by Armenians to refer to the eastern parts of the Armenian Highlands, the traditional homeland of the Armenian people.

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Empire

An empire is defined as "an aggregate of nations or people ruled over by an emperor or other powerful sovereign or government, usually a territory of greater extent than a kingdom, as the former British Empire, Spanish Empire, Portuguese Empire, French Empire, Persian Empire, Russian Empire, German Empire, Abbasid Empire, Umayyad Empire, Byzantine Empire, Ottoman Empire, or Roman Empire".

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Encyclopaedia of Islam

The Encyclopaedia of Islam (EI) is an encyclopaedia of the academic discipline of Islamic studies published by Brill.

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Encyclopædia Britannica

The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

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Encyclopædia Iranica

Encyclopædia Iranica is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times.

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Endorheic basin

An endorheic basin (also endoreic basin or endorreic basin) (from the ἔνδον, éndon, "within" and ῥεῖν, rheîn, "to flow") is a limited drainage basin that normally retains water and allows no outflow to other external bodies of water, such as rivers or oceans, but converges instead into lakes or swamps, permanent or seasonal, that equilibrate through evaporation.

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Eram Air

Eram Air (ارم ایر) was an Iranian charter airline based in Tabriz, Iran.

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Eshragh TV

Eshragh TV is a regional state run TV station affiliated to IRIB.

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Esmaeil Jabbarzadeh

Esmaeil Jabbarzadeh (اسماعیل جبارزاده, born 1960 in Khoy, West Azerbaijan) is an Iranian reformist politician, and the former Governor of East Azerbaijan, Iran from 2013 to 2017.

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Ethnologue

Ethnologue: Languages of the World is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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Eynali

Eynali is a mountain range in north of Tabriz, Iran.

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Fakhraddin Mousavi

Fakhraddin Mousavi Naneh Karani (‌فخرالدین موسوی ننه‌کرانی; born 1930) is an Iranian judge and politician.

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Farrukh Hormizd

Farrukh Hormizd or Farrokh Hormizd (Persian: فرخ‌هرمز), also known as Hormizd V, was a spahbed in northern Persia, he was a prince of Atropatene.

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Farrukhzad

Farrukhzad (Farrūkhzādag; New Persian: فرخزاد), was an Iranian aristocrat from the House of Ispahbudhan and the founder of the Bavand dynasty, ruling from 651 to 665.

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Fars News Agency

The Fars News Agency is a news agency in Iran.

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Ferdowsi

Abu ʾl-Qasim Firdowsi Tusi (c. 940–1020), or Ferdowsi (also transliterated as Firdawsi, Firdusi, Firdosi, Firdausi) was a Persian poet and the author of Shahnameh ("Book of Kings"), which is the world's longest epic poem created by a single poet, and the national epic of Greater Iran.

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Fraction of Turkic regions

Fraction of Turkic regions (فراکسیون مناطق ترک‌نشین) is a cross-factional parliamentary group in the Iranian Parliament, established in October 2016 by Iranian Turkic representatives.

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Fravashi

Fravashi (fravaši) is the Avestan language term for the Zoroastrian concept of a personal spirit of an individual, whether dead, living, and yet-unborn.

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Freeway 2 (Iran)

Freeway 2 consists of two separate sections in northwestern respectively northeastern Iran.

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Fuzûlî

Fużūlī (Füzuli فضولی, c. 1494 – 1556) was the pen name of the Azerbaijani of the Bayat tribes of Oghuz poet, writer and thinker Muhammad bin Suleyman (Məhəmməd Ben Süleyman محمد بن سليمان).

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Gadar River

The Gadar River rises in the Iranian Zagros Mountains near the point where the borders of Iran, Turkey and Iraq meet.

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Georgia (country)

Georgia (tr) is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Germi (electoral district)

Germi (electoral district) is a 5th electoral district in the Ardabil Province.

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Ghadir Arena of Urmia

The Ghadir Arena of Urmia is an indoor sports arena in Urmia, Iran.

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Ghorbanali Saadat

Ghorbanali Saadat Qarabagh (قربانعلی سعادت قره‌باغ, born in Qarah Bagh, Urmia in West Azerbaijan province) is an Iranian reformist politician, and the governor of West Azerbaijan from 2013 to 2017, in the Government of Hassan Rouhani.

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Gilan Province

Gilan Province (اُستان گیلان, Ostān-e Gīlān, also Latinized as Guilan) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Goldstone Tires

Artawheel Tire Industrial Complex (مجتمع صنعتی آرتاویل تایر), operating under the brand Goldstone Tires is an Iranian tire manufacturer for automobiles, commercial trucks, light trucks, SUVs, race cars, airplanes, and heavy earth-mover machinery.

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Gorgan

Gorgan (گرگان; formerly Astrabad or Astarabad (استرآباد)) is the capital city of Golestan Province, Iran.

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Gostaresh Foulad F.C.

Gostaresh Foulad Tabriz Football Club (باشگاه فوتبال گسترش فولاد تبریز) is an Iranian football club based in Tabriz, Iran.

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Government agency

A government or state agency, sometimes an appointed commission, is a permanent or semi-permanent organization in the machinery of government that is responsible for the oversight and administration of specific functions, such as an intelligence agency.

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Government of Hassan Rouhani (2013–17)

The President of Iran is the second formal position after the Supreme leader.

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Greater Armenia

Greater Armenia (Մեծ Հայք, Mets Hayk') is the name given to the state of Armenia that emerged on the Armenian Highlands under the reign of King Artaxias I at the turn of the second century BC.

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Greek language

Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

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Greenhouse

A greenhouse (also called a glasshouse) is a structure with walls and roof made mainly of transparent material, such as glass, in which plants requiring regulated climatic conditions are grown.

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Gurigöl Lake

Lake Gurigöl (also Gurigöl) is a small fresh to brackish lake in the uplands of East Azarbaijan Province in north-western Iran.

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Hadi Bahadori

Hadi Bahadori (‌‌هادی بهادری; born 1978) is an Iranian politician.

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Hamadan

Hamadān or Hamedān (همدان, Hamedān) (Old Persian: Haŋgmetana, Ecbatana) is the capital city of Hamadan Province of Iran.

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Hamadan County

Hamedan County (شهرستان همدان) is a county in Hamedan Province in Iran.

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Hamadan Province

Hamadan Province (استان همدان), is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Hamid Chitchian

Hamid Chitchian (حمید چیت‌چیان, born 21 March 1957) is an Iranian politician and the former intelligence head.

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Hamshahri

Hamshahri (همشهری, "Fellow citizen") is a major national Iranian Persian-language newspaper.

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Hanafi

The Hanafi (حنفي) school is one of the four religious Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence (fiqh).

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Hashatjin

Hashjin(هشجين, also Romanized as Hashjin; also known as Heshajeyn, Heshajīn, Heshīīn, Hīshen, Shain, and Shein) is a city in and the capital of the Khvoresh Rostam District, in Khalkhal County, Ardabil Province, Iran.

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Hashem Hashemzadeh Herisi

Ayatollah Hashem Hashemzadeh Herisi (هاشم هاشم‌زاده هریسی, was born 1938 in Heris, East Azerbaijan) is an Iranian Shiite cleric and politician.

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Hashtrud

Hashtrud (هشترود; also Romanized as Hashtrūd; also known as Āz̄arān, Sarāskand, Sar Eskand, Sar Eskandar, and Sar Eskand Khān) is a city and capital of Hashtrud County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Hashtrud and Charuymaq (electoral district)

Hashtrud and Charuymaq (electoral district) is a 12th electoral district in the East Azerbaijan Province.

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Hassan Ameli

Hujjat al-Islam Seyed Hassan Ameli Kalkhoran (سید حسن عاملی, born 1962 in Ardabil) is an Iranian Shiite cleric, author and politician.

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Hassan Rouhani

Hassan Rouhani (حسن روحانی,, Standard Persian:; born Hassan Fereydoun (حسن فریدون) on 12 November 1948) is an Iranian politician serving as the current and seventh President of Iran since 3 August 2013.

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Hemayat Mirzadeh

Hemayat Mirzadeh (‌حمایت میرزاده, born in 1962) is an Iranian politician and academic.

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Heraclius

Heraclius (Flavius Heracles Augustus; Flavios Iraklios; c. 575 – February 11, 641) was the Emperor of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire from 610 to 641.

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Heraclius II of Georgia

Heraclius II (ერეკლე II), also known as Erekle II and The Little Kakhetian (პატარა კახი) (7 November 1720 or 7 October 1721 – 11 January 1798), was a Georgian monarch of the Bagrationi dynasty, reigning as the king of Kakheti from 1744 to 1762, and of Kartli and Kakheti from 1762 until 1798.

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Heris

Heris (هريس; also Romanized as Herīs and Harīs; also known as Hiriz) is a city and capital of Heris County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Heriz rug

Heriz rugs are Persian rugs from the area of Heris, East Azerbaijan in northwest Iran, northeast of Tabriz.

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Heydar Babaya Salam

Heydar Babaya Salam (style) is the best known Azeri poetical work by Mohammad Hossein Shahriar, a famous Iranian Azerbaijani poet.

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Heydar Ghiai

Heydar Gholi Khan Ghiaï-Chamlou was an Iranian architect.

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Highway

A highway is any public or private road or other public way on land.

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Historical region

Historical regions (or historical countries) are geographic areas which at some point in time had a cultural, ethnic, linguistic or political basis, regardless of present-day borders.

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History of Armenia

Armenia lies in the highlands surrounding the Biblical mountains of Ararat.

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Hossein Hashemi

Seyyed Hossein Hashemi (سید حسین هاشمی born 7 July 1953, Sarab, East Azerbaijan) is an Iranian politician who served as Governor of Tehran Province from September 8, 2013 to September 24, 2017.

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Hulagu Khan

Hulagu Khan, also known as Hülegü or Hulegu (ᠬᠦᠯᠡᠭᠦ|translit.

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Hydroponics

Hydroponics is a subset of hydroculture, the method of growing plants without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent.

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IKCO Samand

Samand (fa) is an Iranian car brand manufactured by Iran Khodro (IKCO) using local manufacturers for its parts.

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Ilam, Iran

Ilam (ايلام; also Romanized as Īlām and Elām) is a city and capital of Ilam Province, Iran.

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Ilkhanate

The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate (ایلخانان, Ilxānān; Хүлэгийн улс, Hu’legīn Uls), was established as a khanate that formed the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire, ruled by the Mongol House of Hulagu.

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Imadaddin Nasimi

‘Alī ‘Imādu d-Dīn Nasīmī (Seyid Əli İmadəddin Nəsimi عمادالدین نسیمی, عمادالدین نسیمی), often known as Nesimi, (1369 – 1417 skinned alive in Aleppo) was a 14th-century Azerbaijani or Turkmen Ḥurūfī poet.

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Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences

The Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) (Persian: دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی علوم پایه زنجان) is an advanced research center and graduate-level degree-granting institution in Zanjan, Iran.

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Internal migration

Internal migration is human migration within one geopolitical entity, usually a nation-state.

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Iran

Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).

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Iran Khodro

Iran Khodro (ایران‌خودرو), branded as IKCO, is an Iranian multinational automaker headquartered in Tehran. The company's original name was Iran National (ایران ناسیونال). IKCO was founded in 1962 and it produced 688,000 passenger cars in 2009. IKCO manufactures vehicles, including Samand, Peugeot and Renault cars, and trucks, minibuses and buses.

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Iran Tractor Manufacturing Company

Iran Tractor Manufacturing Company also known as ITMCO, is a manufacturer of tractors, automobiles, auto-parts, and heavy machines with main site and headquarters in Tabriz, Iran.

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Iranian architecture

Iranian architecture or Persian architecture (Persian:مهرازى ایرانی) is the architecture of Iran and parts of the rest of West Asia, the Caucasus and Central Asia.

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Iranian Azerbaijanis

Iranian Azerbaijanis (ایران آذربایجانلیلاری – İran azərbaycanlıları), also known as Iranian Azeris, Iranian Turks, Persian Turks, Azeri Turks, Azerbaijani Turks or Persian Azerbaijanis, are Iranians of Azerbaijani ethnicity who speak the Azerbaijani language as their first language.

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Iranian Constitutional Revolution

The Persian Constitutional Revolution (مشروطیت Mashrūtiyyat, or انقلاب مشروطه Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911.

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Iranian peoples

The Iranian peoples, or Iranic peoples, are a diverse Indo-European ethno-linguistic group that comprise the speakers of the Iranian languages.

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Iranian Plateau

The Iranian Plateau or the Persian Plateau is a geological formation in Western Asia and Central Asia.

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Iranian Students News Agency

The Iranian Students News Agency (ISNA) is a news organization run by Iranian university students.

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Iraq

Iraq (or; العراق; عێراق), officially known as the Republic of Iraq (جُمُهورية العِراق; کۆماری عێراق), is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west.

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Irredentism

Irredentism is any political or popular movement that seeks to reclaim and reoccupy a land that the movement's members consider to be a "lost" (or "unredeemed") territory from their nation's past.

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Isfahan

Isfahan (Esfahān), historically also rendered in English as Ispahan, Sepahan, Esfahan or Hispahan, is the capital of Isfahan Province in Iran, located about south of Tehran.

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Isfandyadh

Isfandyadh (Middle Persian: Spandiyār) was an Iranian aristocrat from the Ispahbudhan family, who was the ruler of the Sasanian province of Adurbadagan.

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Islam

IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).

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Islamic Azad University

The Islamic Azad University (IAU; دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی, Dāneshgāh-e Āzād-e Eslāmi) is a non-governmental private university system in Iran.

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Islamic Consultative Assembly

The Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majles-e Showrā-ye Eslāmī), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majlis (or Majles, مجلس), is the national legislative body of Iran.

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Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force

The Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force (IRIAF; نیروی هوایی ارتش جمهوری اسلامی ایران) is the aviation branch of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army.

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Islamic Republic of Iran Army

The Islamic Republic of Iran Army (ارتش جمهوری اسلامی ایران), acronymed AJA (آجا), simply known as the Iranian Army or Artesh (Arteš), is the "conventional military of Iran" and part of Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Islamic Republic of Iran Army Aviation

Islamic Republic of Iran Army Aviation (IRIAA) (in هوانوردی نیروی زمینی جمهوری اسلامی ایران), more commonly known as Havānīrūz (هوانیروز), is the army aviation of the Iranian Army.

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Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting

The Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) (صدا و سيمای جمهوری اسلامی ايران, Sedā va Sīmā-ye Jomhūri-ye Eslāmi-ye Īrān, lit. Voice and Vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran), formerly called National Iranian Radio and Television until the Iranian revolution of 1979, is an Iranian media corporation which hold the monopoly of domestic radio and television services in Iran, is also among the largest media organizations in Asian and Pacific region, and a regular member of Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union.

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Islamic Republic of Iran Navy

The Navy of Islamic Republic of Iran Army (نیروی دریایی ارتش جمهوری اسلامی ایران) acronymed NEDAJA (نداجا), is the naval warfare service branch of Iran's regular military, the Islamic Republic of Iran Army (''Artesh'').

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Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps

The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) (lit or Sepâh for short) is a branch of Iran's Armed Forces founded after 1979 Revolution on 22 April 1979 by order of Ayatollah Khomeini.IISS Military Balance 2006, Routledge for the IISS, London, 2006, p. 187 Whereas the regular military (or Artesh) defends Iran's borders and maintains internal order, according to the Iranian constitution, the Revolutionary Guard (pasdaran) is intended to protect the country's Islamic Republic system. The Revolutionary Guards state that their role in protecting the Islamic system is preventing foreign interference as well as coups by the military or "deviant movements". The Revolutionary Guards have roughly 125,000 military personnel including ground, aerospace and naval forces. Its naval forces are now the primary forces tasked with operational control of the Persian Gulf. GlobalBearings.net, 15 December 2011. It also controls the paramilitary Basij militia which has about 90,000 active personnel.Abrahamian, Ervand, History of Modern Iran, Columbia University Press, 2008 pp. 175–76 Its media arm is Sepah News. Since its origin as an ideologically driven militia, the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution has taken a greater role in nearly every aspect of Iranian society. Its expanded social, political, military and economic role under President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's administration—especially during the 2009 presidential election and post-election suppression of protest—has led many Western analysts to argue that its political power has surpassed even that of the Shia clerical system. The Chief Commander of the Guardians since 2007 is Mohammad Ali Jafari, who was preceded by Yahya Rahim Safavi from 1997.

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Ismail I

Ismail I (Esmāʿīl,; July 17, 1487 – May 23, 1524), also known as Shah Ismail I (شاه اسماعیل), was the founder of the Safavid dynasty, ruling from 1501 to 23 May 1524 as Shah of Iran (Persia).

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ISO 9000

The ISO 9000 family of quality management systems standards is designed to help organizations ensure that they meet the needs of customers and other stakeholders while meeting statutory and regulatory requirements related to a product or service.

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JAC Motors

JAC Motors (officially Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Co., Ltd.) is a Chinese state-owned automobile and commercial vehicle manufacturer.

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Jahan Shah

Muzaffar al-Din Jahan Shah ibn Yusuf (1397 in Khoy – 1467 in Tabriz) (جهان شاه; Cahan Şah/جهان شاه) was the leader of the Kara Koyunlu oghuz Turks dynasty in Azerbaijan and Arran who reigned c. 1438 – 1467.

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Jam-e Jam (newspaper)

Jam-e Jam (جام جم,; "Cup of Jam") is a Persian language daily newspaper published in Iran.

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Jameh Mosque of Urmia

The Jāme Mosque of Urmia (مسجد جامع ارومیه – Masjid-e-Jāmeh Orumieh) also known as, Rezayieh Mosque (مسجد رضائیه., Masjid-e-Rezayieh), is the grand, congregational mosque (Jāme) of Urmia, Iran.

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Jameh Mosque of Zanjan

The Jāmeh Mosque of Zanjān (مسجد جامع زنجان – Masjid-e-Jāmeh Zanjān) also known as, Seyyed Mosque (مسجد سید., Masjid-e-Seyyed) and Sultani Mosque, is the grand, congregational mosque (Jāmeh) of Zanjān city, Iran.

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Javad Mojtahed Shabestari

Javad Mojtahed Shabestari (جواد مجتهد شبستری) is an Iranian Shiite cleric and politician.

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Jinbei (marque)

Jinbei is an automobile marque owned by Brilliance Jinbei Automobile Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Brilliance Auto, based in Shenyang, Liaoning, China.

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Jizya

Jizya or jizyah (جزية; جزيه) is a per capita yearly tax historically levied on non-Muslim subjects, called the dhimma, permanently residing in Muslim lands governed by Islamic law.

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Jolfa, Iran (city)

Jolfa (جلفا; also Romanized as Jolfā, Julfa, and Dzhulfi) is a city and capital of Jolfa County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Joseph Cochran

Joseph Plumb Cochran, M.D. (January 14, 1855, Urmia, Iran – August 18, 1905, Urmia, Iran), was an American Presbyterian missionary.

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Kaleybar, Khoda Afarin and Hurand (electoral district)

Kaleybar, Khoda Afarin and Hurand (electoral district) is a 10th electoral district in the East Azerbaijan Province.

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Kamaz

KAMAZ (Kama Automobile Plant) is a Russian brand of trucks and engines manufacturer located in Naberezhnye Chelny, Russian Federation.

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Kara Koyunlu

The Kara Koyunlu or Qara Qoyunlu, also called the Black Sheep Turkomans (قره قویونلو), were a Muslim Oghuz Turkic monarchy that ruled over the territory comprising present-day Azerbaijan, Armenia (1406), northwestern Iran, eastern Turkey, and northeastern Iraq from about 1374 to 1468.

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Karadagh rug

Karadagh rug or Karaja rug handmade in or near the village of Qarājeh (Karaja), in the Qareh Dāgh (Karadagh) region of Iran just south of the Azerbaijan border, northeast of Tabrīz.

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Karaj

Karaj (کرج) is the capital of Alborz Province, Iran, and effectively a suburb of Tehran.

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Karim Khan Zand

Mohammad Karim Khan Zand (Mohammad Karīm Khān-e Zand), better known as Karim Khan Zand (کریم خان زند), was the founder of the Zand Dynasty and the Shah of Iran, ruling from 1751 to 1779.

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Katale Khor

Katale Khor (کتله‌خور,کتله خور) is a cave located in Zanjan Province, Iran.

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Kermanshah Province

Kermanshah Province (استان كرمانشاه, Ostān-e Kermanšah) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Khalkhal and Kowsar (electoral district)

Khalkhal and Kowsar (electoral district) is a 4th electoral district in the Ardabil Province.

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Khalkhal, Iran

Khalkhal (Azerbaijani: خالخال, Khālkhāl)، formerly and local, Herowabad, Azerbaijani: هیرو, Hirow, هروآباد, also Romanized as Khalkhāl; formerly, Herowabad also Romanized as Herowābād, Harowabad, Herauabad, Heroābād, and Hirābād; also formerly, Herow, also Romanized as Harau and Herau) is a city in and the capital of Khalkhal County, in Ardabil Province, modern Iran and in the eastern part of historical Azerbaijan platuea. According to the country divisions determined by the Ministry of Interior of Iran the city of Khalkhal has 138 villages. Majority of population speak Azeri Turkish language. At the 2006 census, its population was 38,521, in 9,619 families.

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Khamaneh

Khamaneh (خامنه; also Romanized as Khāmeneh, Khamaneh, and Khāmneh; also known as Khumla and Khumna) is a city in the Central District of Shabestar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Khanates of the Caucasus

The Khanates of the Caucasus, or Azerbaijani khanates or Persian khanates, or Iranian khanates, were various provinces and principalities established by Persia (Iran) on their territories in the Caucasus (modern-day Azerbaijan Republic, Armenia, Georgia and Dagestan) from the late Safavid to the Qajar dynasty.

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Khasta Qasim

Khasta Qasim (born 1684 — died 1760) – was an Iranian Azerbaijani poet of Azerbaijani literature.

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Khodabandeh (electoral district)

Khodabandeh (electoral district) is a 3rd electoral district in the Zanjan Province.

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Khomarlu

Khomarlu (خمارلو; also Romanized as Khomārlū) is a city & capital of Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Khorasan Province

Khorasan (استان خراسان) (also transcribed as Khurasan and Khorassan, also called Traxiane during Hellenistic and Parthian times) was a province in north eastern Iran, but historically referred to a much larger area east and north-east of the Persian Empire.

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Khorramabad

Khorramabad (خرم‌آباد - also Romanized as Khorramābād, Khoramabad, Khurramabad, Khorram Abad and Khur Ramābād) is a city and capital of Lorestan Province, Iran.

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Khorramdarreh

Khorramdarreh (خرمدره; Azerbaijani: ﺧﻮﺭّﻡ ﺩﺭﻩ), also Romanized as Khorram Darreh, Khorramdareh, and Khurramdarreh; also known as Khurramdarrekh) is a city in and capital of Khorramdarreh County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2011 census, its population was 65,166, in 12,562 families.It has highest literacy rate in Zanjan Province.

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Khosrow I

Khosrow I (also known as Chosroes I and Kisrā in classical sources; 501–579, most commonly known in Persian as Anushiruwān (انوشيروان, "the immortal soul"; also known as Anushiruwan the Just (انوشيروان دادگر, Anushiruwān-e Dādgar), was the King of Kings (Shahanshah) of the Sasanian Empire from 531 to 579. He was the successor of his father Kavadh I (488–531). Khosrow I was the twenty-second Sasanian Emperor of Persia, and one of its most celebrated emperors. He laid the foundations of many cities and opulent palaces, and oversaw the repair of trade roads as well as the building of numerous bridges and dams. His reign is furthermore marked by the numerous wars fought against the Sassanid's neighboring archrivals, the Roman-Byzantine Empire, as part of the already centuries-long lasting Roman-Persian Wars. The most important wars under his reign were the Lazic War which was fought over Colchis (western Georgia-Abkhazia) and the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591. During Khosrow's ambitious reign, art and science flourished in Persia and the Sasanian Empire reached its peak of glory and prosperity. His rule was preceded by his father's and succeeded by Hormizd IV. Khosrow Anushiruwan is one of the most popular emperors in Iranian culture and literature and, outside of Iran, his name became, like that of Caesar in the history of Rome, a designation of the Sasanian kings. He also introduced a rational system of taxation, based upon a survey of landed possessions, which his father had begun, and tried in every way to increase the welfare and the revenues of his empire. His army was in discipline decidedly superior to the Byzantines, and apparently was well paid. He was also interested in literature and philosophical discussions. Under his reign chess was introduced from India, and the famous book of Kalilah and Dimnah was translated. He thus became renowned as a wise king.

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Khoy

Khoy (خوی; خوی; also Romanized as Khoy and Khoi), is a city and capital of Khoy County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Khoy Airport

Khoy Airport is an airport that serves Khoy, Iran.

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Khoy and Chaypareh (electoral district)

Khoy and Chaypareh (electoral district) is a 3rd electoral district in the West Azerbaijan Province.

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Khoy County

Khoy County (Xoy bölgəsiشهرستان خوی) is a county in West Azerbaijan Province in Iran.

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Khurramites

The Khurramites (خرمدینان Khorram-Dīnân, meaning "those of the Joyful Religion") were an IranianW.

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Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)

The Kingdom of Armenia, also the Kingdom of Greater Armenia, or simply Greater Armenia (Մեծ Հայք; Armenia Maior), was a monarchy in the Ancient Near East which existed from 321 BC to 428 AD.

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Kingdom of Georgia

The Kingdom of Georgia (საქართველოს სამეფო), also known as the Georgian Empire, was a medieval Eurasian monarchy which emerged circa 1008 AD.

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Kurdish music

Kurdish music (مۆسیقای کوردی Mûzîka Kurdî) refers to music performed in Kurdish language.

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Kurdistan Province

Kurdistan Province (استان کردستان, Ostān-e Kordestān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Kurds

The Kurds (rtl, Kurd) or the Kurdish people (rtl, Gelî kurd), are an ethnic group in the Middle East, mostly inhabiting a contiguous area spanning adjacent parts of southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan), northern Iraq (Southern Kurdistan), and northern Syria (Western Kurdistan).

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Lake

A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, that is surrounded by land, apart from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake.

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Lake Urmia

Lake Urmia (Daryāĉe Orumiye, Daryāche-ye Orumiye;, Urmiya gölü) is an endorheic salt lake in Iran.

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Library of Congress

The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States.

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Library of Congress Country Studies

The Country Studies are works published by the Federal Research Division of the United States Library of Congress, freely available for use by researchers.

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Liquorice

Liquorice (British English) or licorice (American English) is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra from which a sweet flavour can be extracted.

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List of Byzantine emperors

This is a list of the Byzantine emperors from the foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD, which marks the conventional start of the Byzantine Empire (or the Eastern Roman Empire), to its fall to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD.

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List of Chairmen of the Assembly of Experts

Following is a list of Speakers of the Assembly of Experts of Iran, from the 1979 Iranian Revolution to present.

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List of mayors of Tabriz

Tabriz is a city authority lies with the mayor, who is elected by a municipal board.

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List of mayors of Tehran

The Mayor of Tehran is an elected politician who, along with the Tehran’s City Council of 21 members, is accountable for the strategic government of Tehran.

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List of online encyclopedias

This is a list of encyclopedias accessible on the Internet.

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List of Persian poets and authors

The list is not comprehensive, but is continuously being expanded and includes Persian writers and poets from Iran, Afghanistan,Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan.

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Machine Sazi F.C.

Machine Sazi Tabriz Football Club (باشگاه فوتبال ماشین‌سازی تبریز) more commonly known as Machine Sazi is an Iranian football club based in Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran who currently play in the Azadegan League.

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Machine Sazi Tabriz

Machine Sazi Tabriz Co.

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Mahabad (electoral district)

Mahabad (electoral district) is a 7th electoral district in the West Azerbaijan Province.

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Mahneshan and Ijrud (electoral district)

Mahneshan and Ijrud (electoral district) is a 4th electoral district in the Zanjan Province.

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Majid Khodabakhsh

Majid Khodabakhsh (مجید خدابخش, born 1956 in Ardabil) is an Iranian moderate reformist politician, and the current Governor of East Azerbaijan since 2017, in the Government of Hassan Rouhani.

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Maku, Chaldoran, Poldasht and Showt (electoral district)

Maku, Chaldoran, Poldasht and Showt (electoral district) is a 5th electoral district in the West Azerbaijan Province.

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Malekan (electoral district)

Malekan (electoral district) is a 9th electoral district in the East Azerbaijan Province.

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Manjil

Manjil (منجيل, also Romanized as Manjīl and Menjīl) is a city in the Central District of Rudbar County, Gilan Province, Iran.

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Mannaeans

The Mannaeans (country name usually Mannea; Akkadian: Mannai, possibly Biblical Minni, מנּי) were an ancient people who lived in the territory of present-day northwestern Iran south of lake Urmia, around the 10th to 7th centuries BC.

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Maragheh

Maragheh (مراغه, date), also Romanized as Marāgheh; also known as Marāgha), is an ancient city and capital of Maragheh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Maragheh is on the bank of the river Sufi Chay. The population consists mostly of Iranian Azerbaijanis who speak the Azerbaijani language. It is from Tabriz, the largest city in Iranian Azerbaijan.

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Maragheh and Ajabshir (electoral district)

Maragheh and Ajabshir (electoral district) is a 2nd electoral district in the East Azerbaijan Province.

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Maragheh County

Maragheh County (شهرستان مراغه) is a county in East Azerbaijan Province in Iran.

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Maragheh observatory

Maragheh observatory (رصدخانه مراغه), was an institutionalized astronomical observatory which was established in 1259 CE under the patronage of the Ilkhanid Hulagu and the directorship of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, a Persian scientist and astronomer.

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Marand

Marand (مرند; مرند; also Romanized as Morand) is a city and capital of Marand County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Marand and Jolfa (electoral district)

Marand and Jolfa (electoral district) is a 3rd electoral district in the East Azerbaijan Province.

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Marand County

Marand County (شهرستان مرند) is a county in East Azerbaijan Province in Iran.

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Markazi Province

Markazi Province (fa, Ostān-e Markazi) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Marzdaran Stadium

Marzdaran Stadium of Tabriz is a stadium in Tabriz, Iran.

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Marzuban ibn Muhammad

Marzuban ibn Muhammad (died 957) was the Sallarid ruler of Azerbaijan (941/2–957).

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Mashhad

Mashhad (مشهد), also spelled Mashad or Meshad, is the second most populous city in Iran and the capital of Razavi Khorasan Province.

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Mashregh News

Mashregh News (Persian: مشرق East) is a non-governmental news website.

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Masoud Pezeshkian

Masoud Pezeshkian (مسعود پزشکیان, born 29 September 1954 in Mahabad from Azerbaijani family) is an Iranian reformist politician who is currently representatiing Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr electoral district in the Parliament of Iran and serves as its First Deputy Speaker since 29 May 2016.

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Matiene

Matiene was the name of a kingdom in northwestern Iran on the lands of the earlier kingdom of the Mannae.

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Mazandaran Province

Mazandaran Province, (استان مازندران Ostān-e Māzandarān/Ostân-e Mâzandarân), is an Iranian province located along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea and in the adjacent Central Alborz mountain range, in central-northern Iran.

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Medes

The Medes (Old Persian Māda-, Μῆδοι, מָדַי) were an ancient Iranian people who lived in an area known as Media (northwestern Iran) and who spoke the Median language. At around 1100 to 1000 BC, they inhabited the mountainous area of northwestern Iran and the northeastern and eastern region of Mesopotamia and located in the Hamadan (Ecbatana) region. Their emergence in Iran is thought to have occurred between 800 BC and 700 BC, and in the 7th century the whole of western Iran and some other territories were under Median rule. Its precise geographical extent remains unknown. A few archaeological sites (discovered in the "Median triangle" in western Iran) and textual sources (from contemporary Assyrians and also ancient Greeks in later centuries) provide a brief documentation of the history and culture of the Median state. Apart from a few personal names, the language of the Medes is unknown. The Medes had an ancient Iranian religion (a form of pre-Zoroastrian Mazdaism or Mithra worshipping) with a priesthood named as "Magi". Later during the reigns of the last Median kings, the reforms of Zoroaster spread into western Iran.

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Medieval Greek

Medieval Greek, also known as Byzantine Greek, is the stage of the Greek language between the end of Classical antiquity in the 5th–6th centuries and the end of the Middle Ages, conventionally dated to the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453.

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Mehr News Agency

The Mehr News Agency (MNA; Xabâr-gozâri Mehr; "Affection News Agency") is an Iranian news agency headquartered in Tehran, owned by the Islamic Ideology Dissemination Organization (IIDO).

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Mentha pulegium

Mentha pulegium, commonly (European) pennyroyal, or pennyrile, also called squaw mint, mosquito plant and pudding grass, is a species of flowering plant in the Lamiaceae family, or mint family, native to Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.

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Mes Sungun FSC

Mes Sungun Varzaghan Futsal Club (باشگاه فوتسال مس سونگون ورزقان) is an Iranian futsal club based in Varzaghan, Iran.

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Meshgin Shahr County

Meshgin Shahr County (شهرستان مشگین‌شهر) is a county in Ardabil Province in Iran.

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Meshginshahr

Meshgin Shahr (مشگين شهر, also Romanized as Meshgīn Shahr; also known as Meshkīn Shahr or simply Mishgin; formerly Khiav (خياو), also Romanized as Kheyāv, Khīāv, Khiov, Khīyāv, and Khiyov) is a city and capital of Meshgin Shahr County, in Ardabil Province, Iran.

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Meshginshahr (electoral district)

Meshginshahr (electoral district) is a 3rd electoral district in the Ardabil Province.

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Meshginshahr suspension bridge

Meshginshahr suspension bridge crosses the Khiav River, near Meshginshahr, Ardabil Province in the northwest Iran.

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Miandoab

Miandoab (مياندوآب) or Qushachay (قوشاچای - Qoşaçay) is a city and capital of Miandoab County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Miandoab County

Miandoab County (شهرستان میاندوآب) is a county in West Azerbaijan Province in Iran.

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Miandoab, Shahin Dezh and Takab (electoral district)

Miandoab, Shahin Dezh and Takab (electoral district) is a 2nd electoral district in the West Azerbaijan Province.

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Mianeh (electoral district)

Mianeh (electoral district) is a 5th electoral district in the East Azerbaijan Province.

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Mianeh, East Azerbaijan

Mianeh (ميانه; Miyana, میانا; also Romanized as Meyāneh, Miane, Miyāna, Meyaneh, and Mīyaneh) is a city and capital of Mianeh County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Middle East

The Middle Easttranslit-std; translit; Orta Şərq; Central Kurdish: ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین, Rojhelatî Nawîn; Moyen-Orient; translit; translit; translit; Rojhilata Navîn; translit; Bariga Dhexe; Orta Doğu; translit is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia, Turkey (both Asian and European), and Egypt (which is mostly in North Africa).

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Middle East Review of International Affairs

Middle East Review of International Affairs (MERIA) is a quarterly, peer-reviewed, journal on Middle East issues founded by the late Barry Rubin and edited by Dr.

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Middle Persian

Middle Persian is the Middle Iranian language or ethnolect of southwestern Iran that during the Sasanian Empire (224–654) became a prestige dialect and so came to be spoken in other regions of the empire as well.

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Military air base

A military air base (sometimes referred to as a military airfield, military airport, air force station, air force base or short air base) is an aerodrome (military base) used by a military force for the operation of military aircraft.

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Military of the Sasanian Empire

The Sasanian army was the primary military body of the Sasanian armed forces, serving alongside the Sasanian navy.

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Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance

The Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance (وزارت فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی also known as Ershad ارشاد) is the ministry of Culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Ministry of Energy (Iran)

Ministry of Energy (وزارت نیرو Vezârat-e Niru), is the main organ of the Government in charge of the regulation and implementation of policies applicable to energy, electricity, water and wastewater services.

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Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade

The Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade (وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت) is an Iranian government body responsible for regulation and implementation of policies applicable to domestic and foreign trade and also regulation and implementation of policies applicable to industrial and mine sectors that formed on 3 August 2011.

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Ministry of Interior (Iran)

The Ministry of Interior (وزارت کشور) of the Islamic Republic of Iran is in charge of performing, supervising and reporting elections, policing, and other responsibilities related to an interior ministry.

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Minority Rights Group International

Minority Rights Group International (MRG) is an international human rights organisation founded with the objective of working to secure rights for ethnic, national, religious and linguistic minorities and indigenous peoples around the world.

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Minsk Automobile Plant

Minsk Automobile Plant (MAZ), (Адкрытaе Акцыянэрнaе Таварыства «Мінскі аўтамабільны завод», Open JSC Minski Autamabilny Zavod, Минский автомобильный завод Minskyi Avtomobilnyi Zavod) is a state-run automotive manufacturer association in Belarus, one of the largest in Eastern Europe.

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Mirza Fatali Akhundov

Mirza Fatali Akhundzade (Mirzə Fətəli Axundov میرزا فتحعلی آخوندزاده) or Mirza Fath-Ali Akhundzade (میرزا فتحعلی آخوندزاده), also known as Akhundov (12 July 1812 – 9 March 1878), was a celebrated ethnic Azerbaijani author, playwright, philosopher, and founder of modern literary criticism, "who acquired fame primarily as the writer of European-inspired plays in the Azeri Turkic language".

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Mithridates I of Parthia

Mithridates or Mithradates I (Parthian: Mihrdat, مهرداد, Mehrdād), (ca. 195 BC – 132 BC) was king of the Parthian Empire from 165 BC to 132 BC, succeeding his brother Phraates I. His father was King Phriapatius of Parthia, who died ca.

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Mkhargrdzeli

Mkhargrdzeli (მხარგრძელი) was a noble Georgian dynasty of Armenian and at least partial Kurdish or Kipchak origin.

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Mohammad Esmaeil Saeidi

Mohammad Esmaeil Saeidi (‌‌محمداسماعیل سعیدی; born 1961) is an Iranian retired Revolutionary Guards commander and politician affiliated with the Front of Islamic Revolution Stability.

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Mohammad Feyzi

Mohammad Feyzi (‌محمد فیضی) is an Iranian academic and reformist politician.

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Mohammad Hassannejad

Mohammad Hassannejad (‌‌محمد حسن‌نژاد; born 6 September 1981) is an Iranian politician.

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Mohammad Hossein Farhanghi

Mohammad Hossein Farhanghi (‌‌محمدحسین فرهنگی; born 1961) is an Iranian conservative politician.

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Mohammad Qasim Osmani

Mohammad Qaseem Osmani (born 1969 in Bukan, West Azerbaijan) is an Iranian Sunni politician which representing Bukan since 2008 election.

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Mohammad Reza Nematzadeh

Mohammad Reza Nematzadeh (محمدرضا نعمت‌زاده, born 9 July 1945 in Tabriz)is an Iranian politician and engineer who was minister of industry of Iran since he was approved by the Iranian parliament on 15 August 2013 until 20 August 2017.

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Mohammad Taghi Pourmohammadi

Hujjat al-Islam Mohammad Taghi Pourmohammadi (محمدتقی پورمحمدی, was born 1956 in Marand, East Azerbaijan) is an Iranian Shiite Muslim cleric and politician.

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Mohammad-Ali Hosseinzadeh

Mohammad-Ali Hosseinzadeh (محمدعلی حسین‌زاده; 21 March 1977 – 7 May 2016) was an Iranian Principlist politician who was elected as the representative of Maragheh and Ajabshir electoral district in the Iranian legislative election, 2016.

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Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar

Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Behjat Tabrizi (سید محمدحسین بهجت تبریزی) (1906 – September 18, 1988), mainly known by his pen name, Shahriar, was a notable Iranian poet of Azerbaijani ethnicity, who wrote in Azerbaijani and Persian.

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Mohsen Mojtahed Shabestari

Ayatollah Mohsen Mojtahed Shabestari (محسن مجتهد شبستری, was born 1937 in Shabestar, East Azerbaijan) and is an Iranian Shiite cleric and politician.

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Mongols

The Mongols (ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ, Mongolchuud) are an East-Central Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

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Mount Bozgush

Mount Bozgush, Bozqush or Bozqush Kuh is a volcanic mountain south of Sarab and north of Mianeh, East Azarbaijan Province, Iran.

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Mugan plain

Mugan plain (Azeri: Muğan düzü, دشت مغان) is a plain in northwestern Iran and the southern part of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

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Muhammad al-Idrisi

Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Idrisi al-Qurtubi al-Hasani as-Sabti, or simply al-Idrisi (أبو عبد الله محمد الإدريسي القرطبي الحسني السبتي; Dreses; 1100 – 1165), was an Arab Muslim geographer, cartographer and Egyptologist who lived in Palermo, Sicily at the court of King Roger II.

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Muharram

Muḥarram (مُحَرَّم) is the first month of the Islamic calendar.

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Musavat

The Müsavat Party (Müsavat Partiyası, from Arabic مساواة musāwāt, meaning "equality, parity", Equality Party) is the oldest existing political party in Azerbaijan.

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Music of Azerbaijan

Azerbaijani music (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan musiqisi) is the musical tradition of the Azerbaijani people, from Azerbaijan and Iranian Azerbaijan.

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Music of Turkey

The music of Turkey includes mainly Turkic elements as well as partial influences ranging from Central Asian folk music, Arabic music, Greek music, Ottoman music, Persian music and Balkan music, as well as references to more modern European and American popular music.

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Muslim conquest of Persia

The Muslim conquest of Persia, also known as the Arab conquest of Iran, led to the end of the Sasanian Empire of Persia in 651 and the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion in Iran (Persia).

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Nader Ghazipour

Nader Ghazipour (نادر قاضی‌پور, born 1958 in Urmia) is an Iranian conservative politician who represents Urmia electoral district in the Islamic Consultative Assembly since 2008.

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Nader Shah

Nader Shah Afshar (نادر شاه افشار; also known as Nader Qoli Beyg نادر قلی بیگ or Tahmāsp Qoli Khan تهماسپ قلی خان) (August 1688 – 19 June 1747) was one of the most powerful Iranian rulers in the history of the nation, ruling as Shah of Persia (Iran) from 1736 to 1747 when he was assassinated during a rebellion.

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Nahavand

Nahavand (نهاوند, also Romanized as Nahāvand and Nehāvend) is a city and capital of Nahavand County, Hamadan Province, Iran.

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Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası) is a landlocked exclave of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

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Nakhichevan Khanate

The Nakhchivan Khanate (خانات نخجوان — Khānāt-e Nakhchevān) was a khanate that was established in Afsharid Persia in 1747.

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Naqadeh and Oshnavieh (electoral district)

Naqadeh and Oshnavieh (electoral district) is a 9th electoral district in the West Azerbaijan Province of Iran.

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Neor Lake

Neor Lake (Persian: دریاچه نِئور, نوئور گؤلو) is a shallow lake located in a hilly area south of the Iranian Province of Ardabil in the Baghrudagh mountain range in North West Iran.

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New America (organization)

New America, formerly the New America Foundation, is a non-partisan think tank in the United States.

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Nizami Ganjavi

Nizami Ganjavi (translit) (1141–1209), Nizami Ganje'i, Nizami, or Nezāmi, whose formal name was Jamal ad-Dīn Abū Muḥammad Ilyās ibn-Yūsuf ibn-Zakkī,Mo'in, Muhammad(2006), "Tahlil-i Haft Paykar-i Nezami", Tehran.: p. 2: Some commentators have mentioned his name as “Ilyas the son of Yusuf the son of Zakki the son of Mua’yyad” while others have mentioned that Mu’ayyad is a title for Zakki. Mohammad Moin, rejects the first interpretation claiming that if it were to mean 'Zakki son of Muayyad' it should have been read as 'Zakki i Muayyad' where izafe (-i-) shows the son-parent relationship but here it is 'Zakki Muayyad' and Zakki ends in silence/stop and there is no izafe (-i-). Some may argue that izafe is dropped due to meter constraints but dropping parenthood izafe is very strange and rare. So it is possible that Muayyad was a sobriquet for Zaki or part of his name (like Muayyad al-Din Zaki). This is supported by the fact that later biographers also state Yusuf was the son of Mu’ayyad was a 12th-century Persian Sunni Muslim poet. Nezāmi is considered the greatest romantic epic poet in Persian literature, who brought a colloquial and realistic style to the Persian epic. excerpt: Greatest romantic epic poet in Persian Literature, who brought a colloquial and realistic style to the Persian epic..... Nezami is admired in Persian-speaking lands for his originality and clarity of style, though his love of language for its own sake and of philosophical and scientific learning makes his work difficult for the average reader. His heritage is widely appreciated and shared by Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, the Kurdistan region and Tajikistan.

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Nomad

A nomad (νομάς, nomas, plural tribe) is a member of a community of people who live in different locations, moving from one place to another in search of grasslands for their animals.

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Nor Shirakan

Nor Shirakan (Նոր Շիրական), Parskahayk (Պարսկահայք) or Persarmenia, was the seventh province of Greater Armenia, situated on the western shore of Lake Urmia, bordered on Adiabene and Atropatene, now in northwestern Iran.

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North Caucasus

The North Caucasus (p) or Ciscaucasia is the northern part of the Caucasus region between the Sea of Azov and Black Sea on the west and the Caspian Sea on the east, within European Russia.

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Nowruz

Nowruz (نوروز,; literally "new day") is the name of the Iranian New Year, also known as the Persian New Year, which is celebrated worldwide by various ethno-linguistic groups as the beginning of the New Year.

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Nvarsak Treaty

The Nvarsak Treaty was signed between the Armenian general Vahan Mamikonian and the representatives of the Sassanian Persian king Balash at Nvarsak in 484.

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October Revolution

The October Revolution (p), officially known in Soviet literature as the Great October Socialist Revolution (Вели́кая Октя́брьская социалисти́ческая револю́ция), and commonly referred to as Red October, the October Uprising, the Bolshevik Revolution, or the Bolshevik Coup, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolsheviks and Vladimir Lenin that was instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917.

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Old Azeri language

Old Azeri, also known as Azeri or Azari (آذری Āḏarī), is the extinct Iranian language that was once spoken in Azerbaijan (historic Azerbaijan, also known as Iranian Azerbaijan), and in what constitutes the present-day Republic of Azerbaijan (historically known as Arran and Shirvan).

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Old Persian

Old Persian is one of the two directly attested Old Iranian languages (the other being Avestan).

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Ottoman–Persian wars

The Ottoman-Persian Wars or Ottoman-Iranian Wars were a series a wars between Ottoman Empire and the Safavid, Afsharid, Zand, and Qajar dynasties of Iran (Persia) through the 16th–19th centuries.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Pahlavi dynasty

The Pahlavi dynasty (دودمان پهلوی) was the ruling house of the imperial state of Iran from 1925 until 1979, when the 2,500 years of continuous Persian monarchy was overthrown and abolished as a result of the Iranian Revolution.

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Parsabad

Parsabad (پارس آباد, also Romanized as Pārsābād; also known as Fārsābād) is a city in and the capital of Parsabad County, in Ardabil Province, Iran.

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Parsabad and Bilesavar (electoral district)

Parsabad and Bilesavar (electoral district) is a 2en electoral district in the Ardabil Province.

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Parsabad-Moghan Airport

http://t.me/asatr PARSA ABAD-Moghan Airport is an airport in Parsabad, Iran.

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Parthian Empire

The Parthian Empire (247 BC – 224 AD), also known as the Arsacid Empire, was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran and Iraq.

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Payame Noor University

Payame Noor University (PNU) (Persian: دانشگاه پیام نور) is a public university system and one of the largest universities in Iran, and a mega university in world, with its headquarters in Tehran, 31 provincial centers, 500 local study centers, other campuses around the country, and an International Study Center located in the headquarters in Tehran.

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Paytakaran

Paytakaran (Փայտակարան Pʿaytakaran) was the easternmost province of the Kingdom of Armenia.

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Peoples of the Caucasus

This article deals with the various ethnic groups inhabiting the Caucasus region.

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Persian carpet

A Persian carpet or Persian rug (Persian: قالی ايرانى qālī-ye īranī),Savory, R., Carpets,(Encyclopaedia Iranica); accessed January 30, 2007.

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Persian Empire

The Persian Empire (شاهنشاهی ایران, translit., lit. 'Imperial Iran') refers to any of a series of imperial dynasties that were centred in Persia/Iran from the 6th-century-BC Achaemenid Empire era to the 20th century AD in the Qajar dynasty era.

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Persian Jews

Persian Jews or Iranian Jews (جهودان ایرانی, יהודים פרסים) are Jews historically associated with the Persian Empire, whose successor state is Iran.

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Persian language

Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (فارسی), is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.

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Persian literature

Persian literature (ادبیات فارسی adabiyāt-e fārsi), comprises oral compositions and written texts in the Persian language and it is one of the world's oldest literatures.

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Persian people

The Persians--> are an Iranian ethnic group that make up over half the population of Iran.

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Persian traditional music

Persian traditional music or Iranian traditional music, also known as Persian classical music or Iranian classical music, refers to the classical music of Iran (also known as Persia).

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Peugeot 206

The Peugeot 206 is a supermini car that is produced by the French manufacturer Peugeot from May 1998 to the present day; the 206 models are still in production in Iran by Iran Khodro.

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Piranshahr and Sardasht (electoral district)

Piranshahr and Sardasht (electoral district) is a 4th electoral district in the West Azerbaijan Province.

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Piranshahr, Iran

Piranshahr (پیرانشهر.; (Piranshahr: پیرانشهر); پیرانشهر&lrm;. պիրանշար. Kurmancî Kurdish: Pîranşahr) is a city geopolitically located in the Islamic Republic of Iran and geographically in the western part of the country, but demographically located in the Northern parts of Iranian Kordestan and geolinguistically in the Eastern parts of the Greater Kurdish inhabited area.

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Piruz Khosrow

Piruz Khosrow (Middle Persian: Pērōz Khusraw), also known as Piruzan or Firuzan, was a powerful Persian aristocrat who was the leader of the Parsig (Persian) faction that controlled much of the affairs of the Sasanian Empire during the civil war of 628-632.

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Power station

A power station, also referred to as a power plant or powerhouse and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power.

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President of Azerbaijan

The President of the Republic of Azerbaijan is the head of state of Azerbaijan.

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President of Iran

The President of Iran (Persian: رییس‌جمهور ایران Rayis Jomhur-e Irān) is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Press TV

Press TV (stylised as PRESSTV) is a 24-hour English- and French-language news and documentary network affiliated with Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB).

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Private university

Private universities are typically not operated by governments, although many receive tax breaks, public student loans, and grants.

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Public university

A public university is a university that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government, as opposed to private universities.

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Qajar dynasty

The Qajar dynasty (سلسله قاجار; also Romanised as Ghajar, Kadjar, Qachar etc.; script Qacarlar) was an IranianAbbas Amanat, The Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896, I. B. Tauris, pp 2–3 royal dynasty of Turkic origin,Cyrus Ghani.

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Qazvin

Qazvin (قزوین,, also Romanized as Qazvīn, Caspin, Qazwin, or Ghazvin) is the largest city and capital of the Province of Qazvin in Iran.

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Qazvin Province

The Qazvin Province (استان قزوین, Ostān-e Qazvīn) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Qizil Üzan

Qizil Üzan (قزل اوزن / Qezel Owzan, from Azerbaijani Turkish "qızıl üzən" meaning "floating gold") is a river flowing in northwestern and northern Iran.

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Qom

Qom (قم) is the eighth largest city in Iran.

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Qovsi Tabrizi

Qovsi Tabrizi (also spelled Coves Tabrizi, birth name Alican Coves Ismailoglu) was an Iranian Azerbaijani poet of the 17th century.

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Quri Chay

The Quri River or Quru Chay or Quri Chay (Quru Çay قورو چای, قورو چای) is a river in East Azerbaijan province of Iran.

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Rakhsh Khodro Diesel

Rakhsh Khodro co or RKD (fa) is an Iranian truck manufacturer established in 2005 and located in Tabriz.

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Ramsar Convention

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands.

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Razey, Ardabil

Razey (رضي, also Romanized as Razei) is a city in and the capital of Arshaq District, in Meshgin Shahr County, Ardabil Province, Iran.

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Rey, Iran

Rey or Ray (شهر ری, Šahr-e Rey, “City of Ray”), also known as Rhages (Ῥάγαι, or Europos (Ευρωπός) Rhagai; Rhagae or Rhaganae) and formerly as Arsacia, is the capital of Rey County in Tehran Province of Iran, and the oldest existing city in the province.

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Reza Karimi (politician)

Reza Karimi (‌رضا کریمی) is an Iranian reformist politician and agricultural engineer.

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Rezazadeh Stadium

The Rezazadeh Stadium is an all-seater indoor arena located in Ardabil, Iran.

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Road

A road is a thoroughfare, route, or way on land between two places that has been paved or otherwise improved to allow travel by foot or some form of conveyance, including a motor vehicle, cart, bicycle, or horse.

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Road 11 (Iran)

Road 11 is a road in northwest Iran.

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Road 12 (Iran)

Road 12 is a road in northern Iran south of Aras River connecting Bazargan to Poldasht, Jolfa, Parsabad and Bileh Savar.

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Road 14 (Iran)

Road 14 is a road in Iranian Azerbaijan connecting Ardabil to Ahar, Tabriz, Shabestar and Salmas.

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Road 16 (Iran)

Road 16 is a road in the northwest of Iran, which starts from Gilan and passes the cities of Tabriz, Ardabil and Sarab and is connected to Turkey.

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Road 21 (Iran)

Road 21 is a road in west and north-west Iran.

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Road 22 (Iran)

This road is in northern Iran.

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Road 23 (Iran)

Road 23 is a road in western Iran.

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Road 24 (Iran)

Road 24 is a road within East Azerbaijan Province, in the Iranian Kurdistan region of northwestern Iran.

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Road 26 (Iran)

Road 26 is a road in north-western Iran connecting Mianeh to Miandoab, Mahabad and Piranshahr Border with Iraqi Kudistan.

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Road 27 (Iran)

Road 27 is a road in East Azarbaijan, Iran connecting Tabriz to Ahar and northern province to Khomarlu.

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Road 31 (Iran)

Road 31 is a road in north-west Iran in Ardabil Province.

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Road 32 (Iran)

Road 32 is a road in the northwestern part of Iran.

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Road 33 (Iran)

Road 33 (Also known as Qafqaz (Caucuses) Highway) is a road in Ardabil Province connecting Ardabil to Germi and Bileh Savar, crossing into Republic of Azerbaijan.

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Road 35 (Iran)

Road 35 is a road in Iran connecting Zanjan to Khorramabad.

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Roger II of Sicily

Roger II (22 December 1095Houben, p. 30. – 26 February 1154) was King of Sicily, son of Roger I of Sicily and successor to his brother Simon.

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Rostam Farrokhzād

Rostam Farrokhzād (رستم فرخزاد) was an Iranian nobleman from the Ispahbudhan family, who served as the spahbed ("army chief") of Adurbadagan and Khorasan during the reign of Boran (r. 631–632) and Yazdegerd III (r. 632–651).

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Ruhollah Hazratpour

Ruhollah Hazratpour (‌‌روح‌الله حضرت‌پور; born 1984) is an Iranian politician.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.

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Russians

Russians (русские, russkiye) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe. The majority of Russians inhabit the nation state of Russia, while notable minorities exist in other former Soviet states such as Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Ukraine and the Baltic states. A large Russian diaspora also exists all over the world, with notable numbers in the United States, Germany, Israel, and Canada. Russians are the most numerous ethnic group in Europe. The Russians share many cultural traits with their fellow East Slavic counterparts, specifically Belarusians and Ukrainians. They are predominantly Orthodox Christians by religion. The Russian language is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, and also spoken as a secondary language in many former Soviet states.

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Russians in Iran

Russians in Iran are Russians living in Iran or Iranians of Russian descent.

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Russo-Persian War (1804–13)

The 1804–1813 Russo-Persian War, was one of the many wars between the Persian Empire and Imperial Russia, and began like many of their wars as a territorial dispute.

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Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)

The Russo-Persian War of 1826–28 was the last major military conflict between the Russian Empire and Iran.

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Russo-Persian Wars

The Russo-Persian Wars or Russo-Iranian Wars were a series of wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Persian Empire between the 17th and 19th centuries.

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Sabalan

Sabalan (Persian: سبلان), or Savalan (Azerbaijani: Savalan, ساوالان) is an inactive stratovolcano in the Alborz mountain range and Ardabil Province of northwestern Iran.

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Sabalan TV

Sabalan TV is a regional state run TV station affiliated to IRIB.

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Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam

The Safavid conversion of Iran from Sunni Islam to Shia Islam took place roughly over the 16th through 18th centuries and made Iran the spiritual bastion of Shia Islam.

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Safavid dynasty

The Safavid dynasty (دودمان صفوی Dudmān e Safavi) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran, often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history.

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Safi-ad-din Ardabili

Sheikh Safi-ad-din Is'haq Ardabili (of Ardabil) (1252–1334) (شیخ صفی‌الدین اسحاق اردبیلی Shaikh Ṣāfī ad-Dīn Isḥāq Ardabīlī), was the Kurdish, Cambridge University Press, 1997,, p. 39.

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Safina-yi Tabriz

Safīna-yi Tabrīz (سفینهٔ تبریز, " Vessel of Tabriz" or " Treasury of Tabriz") is an important encyclopedic manuscript from 14th century Ilkhanid Iran compiled by Abu'l Majd Muhammad b. Mas'ud Tabrizi between 1321 and 1323.

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Sahand

Sahand (سهند), is a massive, heavily eroded stratovolcano in East Azerbaijan Province, northwestern Iran.

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Sahand Airport

Maragheh Sahand Airport is an airport in Maragheh, Iran.

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Sahand Ski Resort

Sahand Ski Resort is an ski resort in northern slopes of Mount Sahand, in vicinity of Tabriz, North West of Iran.

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Sahand TV

Sahand TV is a regional state run TV station affiliated to IRIB.

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Sahand University of Technology

Sahand University of Technology (SUT) (دانشگاه صنعتی سهند) is a leading engineering schools in Iran.

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Saint Stepanos Monastery

The Saint Stepanos Monastery (Սուրբ Ստեփանոս վանք,; کلیسای سن استپانوس), also known in Armenian as Maghardavank (Մաղարդավանք), is an Armenian monastery located about 15 km northwest of the city of Julfa in the province of East Azarbaijan, northwestern Iran.

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Sallarid dynasty

The Sallarid dynasty (سالاریان), (also known as the Musafirids or Langarids) was an Iranian Muslim dynasty ruled in Tarom, Samiran, Daylam, Gilan and subsequently Azerbaijan, Arran, some districts in Eastern Armenia in the 2nd half of the 10th century.

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Salman Khodadadi

Salman Khodadadi (‌‌سلمان خدادادی; born 1962) is an Iranian politician.

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Salmas

Salmas (Salmās, Azerbaijani: Sālmās; Romanized as Salmās and Salamas) is the capital of Salmas County, WA (West Azerbaijan Province), Iran.

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Salmas (electoral district)

Salmas (electoral district) is an 8th electoral district in the West Azerbaijan Province.

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Salt lake

A salt lake or saline lake is a landlocked body of water that has a concentration of salts (typically sodium chloride) and other dissolved minerals significantly higher than most lakes (often defined as at least three grams of salt per litre).

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Saqqez

Saqqez (سقز), also known as Saghez, Saqez, Saqqiz, Saqiz, and Sakīz, is a city which is the capital of Saqqez County, Kurdistan Province, Iran.

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Sarab (electoral district)

Sarab (electoral district) is a 6th electoral district in the East Azerbaijan Province.

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Sarab County

Sarab County (شهرستان سراب) is a county in East Azerbaijan Province in Iran.

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Sarab, East Azerbaijan

Sarab (سراب; also Romanized as Sarāb) is a city and capital of Sarab County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Sarakhs

Sarakhs (سرخس, also Romanized as Serakhs) is a city and capital of Sarakhs County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran.

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Sareyn

Sareyn (سرعين, also Romanized as Sar‘eyn, Sara’eyn, Sar‘eīn, Sar ‘Eyn, and Sarein) is a city in and the capital of Sareyn County, in Ardabil Province, Iran.

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Sasanian Armenia

Sasanian Armenia, also known as Persian Armenia and Persarmenia (Պարսկահայաստան – Parskahayastan), may either refer to the periods where Armenia (𐭠𐭫𐭬𐭭𐭩 – Armin) was under the suzerainty of the Sasanian Empire, or specifically to the parts of Armenia under its control such as after the partition of 387 AD when parts of western Armenia were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire while the rest of Armenia came under Sasanian suzerainty whilst maintaining its existing kingdom until 428.

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Sasanian Empire

The Sasanian Empire, also known as the Sassanian, Sasanid, Sassanid or Neo-Persian Empire (known to its inhabitants as Ērānshahr in Middle Persian), was the last period of the Persian Empire (Iran) before the rise of Islam, named after the House of Sasan, which ruled from 224 to 651 AD. The Sasanian Empire, which succeeded the Parthian Empire, was recognised as one of the leading world powers alongside its neighbouring arch-rival the Roman-Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than 400 years.Norman A. Stillman The Jews of Arab Lands pp 22 Jewish Publication Society, 1979 International Congress of Byzantine Studies Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21–26 August 2006, Volumes 1-3 pp 29. Ashgate Pub Co, 30 sep. 2006 The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I, after the fall of the Parthian Empire and the defeat of the last Arsacid king, Artabanus V. At its greatest extent, the Sasanian Empire encompassed all of today's Iran, Iraq, Eastern Arabia (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatif, Qatar, UAE), the Levant (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan), the Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Dagestan), Egypt, large parts of Turkey, much of Central Asia (Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan), Yemen and Pakistan. According to a legend, the vexilloid of the Sasanian Empire was the Derafsh Kaviani.Khaleghi-Motlagh, The Sasanian Empire during Late Antiquity is considered to have been one of Iran's most important and influential historical periods and constituted the last great Iranian empire before the Muslim conquest and the adoption of Islam. In many ways, the Sasanian period witnessed the peak of ancient Iranian civilisation. The Sasanians' cultural influence extended far beyond the empire's territorial borders, reaching as far as Western Europe, Africa, China and India. It played a prominent role in the formation of both European and Asian medieval art. Much of what later became known as Islamic culture in art, architecture, music and other subject matter was transferred from the Sasanians throughout the Muslim world.

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Satrap

Satraps were the governors of the provinces of the ancient Median and Achaemenid Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires.

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Sefīd-Rūd

The Sefīd-Rūd (Sefidrud, pronounced) is a river approximately long, rising in the Alborz mountain range of northwestern Iran and flowing generally northeast to enter the Caspian Sea at Rasht.

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Seleucid Empire

The Seleucid Empire (Βασιλεία τῶν Σελευκιδῶν, Basileía tōn Seleukidōn) was a Hellenistic state ruled by the Seleucid dynasty, which existed from 312 BC to 63 BC; Seleucus I Nicator founded it following the division of the Macedonian empire vastly expanded by Alexander the Great.

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Seljuq dynasty

The Seljuq dynasty, or Seljuqs (آل سلجوق Al-e Saljuq), was an Oghuz Turk Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became a Persianate society and contributed to the Turco-Persian tradition in the medieval West and Central Asia.

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Serow, Iran

Serow (سرو; also Romanized as Sero and Sīroo) is a city and capital of Sumay-ye Beradust District, in Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Seyed Mehdi Ghoreishi

Hujjat al-Islam Seyed Mehdi Ghoreishi (سید مهدی قریشی, is an Iranian Shiite cleric, Representative of the Supreme Leader in West Azerbaijan and Imam Jumu'ah prayer of Urmia. he is son of the Ali Akbar Ghoreishi member of Assembly of Experts. Seyid Mehdi Ghoreishi is second representative of the Supreme Leader and imam Jumu'ah prayer after Iranian Revolution.

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Shabestar (electoral district)

Shabestar (electoral district) is an 8th electoral district in the East Azerbaijan Province.

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Shafi‘i

The Shafi‘i (شافعي, alternative spelling Shafei) madhhab is one of the four schools of Islamic law in Sunni Islam.

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Shahabaddin Bimeghdar

Shahabaddin Bimeghdar (‌‌شهاب‌الدین بی‌مقدار; born 1953) is an Iranian reformist politician.

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Shahid Poursharifi Arena

The Shahid Pour Sharifi Arena is an indoor sports arena in Tabriz, Iran.

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Shahindokht Molaverdi

Shahindokht Molaverdi (born 23 October 1965) is an Iranian academic, feminist, Jurist, scholar and Special Assistant to the President for Citizenship rights in the second cabinet of Hassan Rouhani.

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Shahnameh

The Shahnameh, also transliterated as Shahnama (شاهنامه, "The Book of Kings"), is a long epic poem written by the Persian poet Ferdowsi between c. 977 and 1010 CE and is the national epic of Greater Iran.

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Shahrdari Tabriz F.C.

Shahrdari Tabriz Cultural and Athletic Club (Persian: باشگاه فرهنگی ورزشی شهرداري تبريز) is an Iranian sports club most widely known for its professional football team based in Tabriz, Iran.

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Shahrdari Tabriz VC

Shahrdari Tabriz Volleyball Club (باشگاه والیبال شهرداری تبریز) is a professional volleyball team based in Tabriz, Iran.

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Shahrdari Urmia VC

Shahrdari Urmia Volleyball Club (باشگاه والیبال شهرداری ارومیه) is an Iranian professional volleyball team based in Urmia, Iran.

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Shahsevan rug

Shahsevan rug or Shahsevan Kilim is the Iranian Style, handmade by the Shahsevans in the Azerbaiajn region of Iran.

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Shara District

Shara District (بخش شرا) is a district (bakhsh) in Hamadan County, Hamadan Province, Iran.

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Sheikh Safi al-Din Khānegāh and Shrine Ensemble

Sheikh Safi al-Din Khānegāh and Shrine Ensemble (مجموعه آرامگاه و خانقاه شیخ صفی الدین) is the tomb of Sheikh Safi-ad-din Ardabili located in Ardabil, Iran.

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Shia Islam

Shia (شيعة Shīʿah, from Shīʻatu ʻAlī, "followers of Ali") is a branch of Islam which holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor (Imam), most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm.

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Shirin Asal Food Industrial Group

Shirin Asal Food Industrial Group (گروه صنایع غذایی شیرین‌عسل) a company Food manufacturer based in the city of Tabriz, Iran in 1990 by Younes Jaele.

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Shirvan

Shirvan (from translit; Şirvan; Tat: Şirvan), also spelled as Sharvān, Shirwan, Shervan, Sherwan and Šervān, is a historical region in the eastern Caucasus, known by this name in both Islamic and modern times.

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Shorabil Lake

Shorabil Lake (Persian: دریاچه شورابیل, شورابیل گؤلو) is a lake located in a hilly area south of the Iranian city of Ardabil.

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Shusha

Shusha (Şuşa; Шуша), or Shushi (Շուշի), is a city in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh in the South Caucasus.

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Ski resort

A ski resort is a resort developed for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter sports.

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Sodeif Badri

Sodeif Badri (‌صدیف بدری; born 1972) is an Iranian conservative politician, academic and former mayor of Ardabil.

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Soltaniyeh

Soltaniyeh (سلطانيه, also Romanized as Solţānīyeh, Solţāneyyeh, Sultaniye, and Sultānīyeh; also known as Sa‘īdīyeh) is the capital city of Soltaniyeh District of Abhar County, Zanjan Province, Azerbaijan, northwestern Iran.

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Sonqor County

Sonqor County (شهرستان سنقر) is a county in Kermanshah Province in Iran.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Spahbed

Spāhbed (𐭮𐭯𐭠𐭧𐭯𐭲; also spelled spahbod and spahbad, early form spāhpat) is a Middle Persian title meaning "army chief" used chiefly in the Sasanian Empire.

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St. Thaddeus Monastery

The Monastery of Saint Thaddeus (Surb Tadeosi vank'; کلیسای حضرت تادئوس, Kelisā-ye Ḥaẓrat-e Tādeus) is an ancient Armenian monastery in the mountainous area of West Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Stratovolcano

A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, pumice and ash.

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Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam.

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Supreme Leader of Iran

The Supreme Leader of Iran (rahbar-e mo'azzam-e irān), also called the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution (رهبر معظم انقلاب اسلامی), officially in Iran, called the Supreme Leadership Authority (مقام معظم رهبری), is the head of state and highest ranking political and religious authority in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Suspension bridge

A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck (the load-bearing portion) is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders.

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Syriac language

Syriac (ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ), also known as Syriac Aramaic or Classical Syriac, is a dialect of Middle Aramaic.

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Tabriz

Tabriz (تبریز; تبریز) is the most populated city in Iranian Azerbaijan, one of the historical capitals of Iran and the present capital of East Azerbaijan province.

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Tabriz Cable Bridge

Tabriz Cable Bridge (پل کابلی تبریز), officially calls Ettehad-e-Melli (National Unity), is a cable-stayed bridge flanked by 29 Bahman Metro Station at the eastern entrance of Tabriz, capital of East Azerbaijan province, Iran.

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Tabriz County

Tabriz County (شهرستان تبریز) is a county in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran.

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Tabriz Cycling Track

Tabriz Cycling Track is a cycling track in Tabriz, Iran.

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Tabriz International Airport

Tabriz International Airport (فرودگاه بین المللی تبریز) is an airport that serves Tabriz, Iran.

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Tabriz International Exhibition Center

Tabriz International Exhibition Center, which is a complex with vast exhibition infrastructures, is located in the eastern part of Tabriz, Iran.

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Tabriz Islamic Arts University

Tabriz Islamic Art University also known as Tabriz Art University is a public university located in Tabriz, East Azarbaijan.

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Tabriz Metro

Tabriz Metro is a metro system serving the city of Tabriz, Iran.

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Tabriz railway station

Tabriz railway station is a structure in Tabriz, Iran; the current building was built during second Pahlavi era.

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Tabriz rug

A Tabriz rug/carpet is a type in the general category of Persian carpets from the city of Tabriz, the capital city of East Azarbaijan Province in north west of Iran totally populated by Azerbaijanis.

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Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (TBZMED) (Persian: دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز) is public medical sciences university located in Tabriz, East Azarbaijan Province, Iran.

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Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr (electoral district)

Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr (electoral district) is the biggest electoral district in the East Azerbaijan Province.

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Tahmasp I

Tahmasp I (شاه تهماسب یکم) (22 February 1514 – 14 May 1576) was an influential Shah of Iran, who enjoyed the longest reign of any member of the Safavid dynasty.

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Takab

Takab or Tekab (تكاب) also known as Tikan Tapa is a city and capital of Takab County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Takht-e Soleymān

Takht-e Soleymān (تخت سلیمان), also known as Azar Goshnasp (آتشکده آذرگشنسپ), literally "the Fire of the Warrior Kings", is an archaeological site in West Azarbaijan, Iran.

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Takhti Stadium (Tabriz)

The Takhti Stadium formerly known as Bagh Shomal Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Tabriz, Iran.

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Talysh Khanate

The Talysh Khanate (خانات تالش — Khānāt-e Tālesh, Talış xanlığı, Talysh: Tolshi hanəti, also known as the Lenkaran Khanate):ru:Талышское ханство was a khanate of Iranian origin that was established in Persia and existed from the middle of the 18th century till the beginning of the 19th century, located in the south-west coast of the Caspian Sea.

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Talysh people

Talysh (also Talishi, Taleshi or Talyshi) are an IranianGarnik Asatrian & Habib Borjian (2005.). Talish and the Talashis (State of Research).

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Tamar of Georgia

Tamar the Great (თამარი) (1160 – 18 January 1213) reigned as the Queen of Georgia from 1184 to 1213, presiding over the apex of the Georgian Golden Age.

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Tasnim News Agency

Tasnim News Agency is a private news agency in Iran launched in 2012.

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Tat people (Iran)

The Tat people of Iran (Tati: Irünə Tâtün) are an Iranian people living in northern Iran, especially in the south of Qazvin province.

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Tbilisi

Tbilisi (თბილისი), in some countries also still named by its pre-1936 international designation Tiflis, is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million people.

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Tehran

Tehran (تهران) is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province.

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Tehran Province

Tehran Province (استان تهران Ostān-e Tehrān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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The Coffeehouse of Ashiks

The Coffeehouse of Ashiks is a coffeehouse in cities of Azerbaijan where ashiks perform Turkish hikaye.

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The World Factbook

The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.

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Thyme

Thyme is an aromatic perennial evergreen herb with culinary, medicinal, and ornamental uses.

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Timur

Timur (تیمور Temūr, Chagatai: Temür; 9 April 1336 – 18 February 1405), historically known as Amir Timur and Tamerlane (تيمور لنگ Temūr(-i) Lang, "Timur the Lame"), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror.

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Tire

A tire (American English) or tyre (British English; see spelling differences) is a ring-shaped component that surrounds a wheel's rim to transfer a vehicle's load from the axle through the wheel to the ground and to provide traction on the surface traveled over.

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Tour of Azerbaijan (Iran)

Tour of Azerbaijan (Iran), also known as the Tour of Iranian Azerbaijan or Azerbaijan Tour is an annual multiple stage road bicycle racing held in Iran since 1986, named after Iranian Azerbaijan.

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Tractor

A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver at a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used in agriculture or construction.

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Tractor Sazi F.C.

Tractor Sazi Tabriz Football Club (Təbriz Tiraxtur Klubu, باشگاه فوتبال تراکتورسازی تبریز) commonly known as Tractor or Tiraxtour is a professional football club based in Tabriz, Iran.

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Tractor Stadium

Tractor Stadium or Tractor's Shahid Bakeri Stadium is a stadium in Tabriz, Iran.

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Transcaucasia

Transcaucasia (Закавказье), or the South Caucasus, is a geographical region in the vicinity of the southern Caucasus Mountains on the border of Eastern Europe and Western Asia.

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Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic

The Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (TDFR; Закавказская демократическая Федеративная Республика (ЗКДФР); Zakavkazskaya Demokraticheskaya Federativnaya Respublika (ZKDFR); 22 April28 May 1918), also known as the Transcaucasian Federation, was a short-lived South Caucasian state extending across what are now the modern-day countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, plus parts of Eastern Turkey as well as Russian border areas.

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Treaty of Gulistan

The Treaty of Gulistan (Гюлистанский договор; عهدنامه گلستان) was a peace treaty concluded between Imperial Russia and Persia (modern day Iran) on 24 October 1813 in the village of Gulistan (in modern-day Goranboy Rayon of Azerbaijan) as a result of the first full-scale Russo-Persian War, lasting from 1804 to 1813.

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Treaty of Turkmenchay

The Treaty of Turkmenchay (Туркманчайский договор, عهدنامه ترکمنچای) was an agreement between Persia (Iran) and the Russian Empire, which concluded the Russo-Persian War (1826–28). It was signed on 10 February 1828 in Torkamanchay, Iran. By the treaty, Persia ceded to Russia control of several areas in the South Caucasus: the Erivan Khanate, the Nakhchivan Khanate, and the remainder of the Talysh Khanate. The boundary between Russian and Persia was set at the Aras River. These territories comprise modern-day Armenia, the southern parts of the modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan, as well as Iğdır Province (now part of Turkey). The treaty was signed for Persia by Crown Prince Abbas Mirza and Allah-Yar Khan Asaf al-Daula, chancellor to Shah Fath Ali (of the Qajar Dynasty), and for Russia by General Ivan Paskievich. Like the 1813 Treaty of Gulistan, this treaty was imposed by Russia, following military victory over Persia. Paskievich threatened to occupy Tehran in five days unless the treaty was signed. By this final treaty of 1828 and the 1813 Gulistan treaty, Russia had finalised conquering all the Caucasus territories from Iran, comprising modern-day Dagestan, eastern Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia, all which had formed part of its very concept for centuries. The area to the North of the river Aras, amongst which the territory of the contemporary nations of Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia and the North Caucasian Republic of Dagestan were Iranian territory until they were occupied by Russia in the course of the 19th century. As a further direct result and consequence of the two treaties, the formerly Iranian territories became now part of Russia for around the next 180 years, except Dagestan, which has remained a Russian possession ever since. Out of the greater part of the territory, three separate nations would be formed through the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, namely Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia.

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Truck

A truck or lorry is a motor vehicle designed to transport cargo.

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Turkey

Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.

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Turkic peoples

The Turkic peoples are a collection of ethno-linguistic groups of Central, Eastern, Northern and Western Asia as well as parts of Europe and North Africa.

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Turkish hikaye

Turkish hikaye is a narrative genre, which is a mixture of prose and poetry.

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Turkish people

Turkish people or the Turks (Türkler), also known as Anatolian Turks (Anadolu Türkleri), are a Turkic ethnic group and nation living mainly in Turkey and speaking Turkish, the most widely spoken Turkic language.

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Twelver

Twelver (translit; شیعه دوازده‌امامی) or Imamiyyah (إمامية) is the largest branch of Shia Islam.

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Umar

Umar, also spelled Omar (عمر بن الخطاب, "Umar, Son of Al-Khattab"; c. 584 CE 3 November 644 CE), was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.

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University of Applied Science and Technology

Iran University Of Applied Sciences and Technology (UAST) The University of Applied Science and Technology (UAST) (دانشگاه جامع علمی - کاربردی Dāneshgah-e Jām'e Elmi Kārbordi) is a public university system administrated by Ministry of Science, Research and Technology with various branches all over the Provinces of Iran.

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University of Bonab

The University of Bonab was previously a faculty of the University of Tabriz, Iran, and now, since 2011, is an independent University, Fars news agency located in Bonab.

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University of Maragheh

University of Maragheh is a public university in the city of Maragheh, in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

The University of Mohaghegh Ardabili (UMA) (also written "Ardebili") and known as Mohaghegh Ardabili University is a public university whose main campus is located in Ardabil, Iran.

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University of Tabriz

The University of Tabriz (دانشگاه تبريز) also known as Tabriz University is a public university located in Tabriz, East Azarbaijan with the fundamental aim of creating a center of excellence in higher education and research.

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University of Zanjan

The University of Zanjan (ZNU) (Persian: دانشگاه زنجان Dāneshgāh-e Zanjan) is located in Zanjan, Iran.

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Urmia

Urmia (Urmiya, اورمیه; ܐܘܪܡܝܐ; ارومیه (Variously transliterated as Oroumieh, Oroumiyeh, Orūmīyeh and Urūmiyeh); Ûrmiye, ورمێ) is the largest city in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran and the capital of Urmia County.

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Urmia (electoral district)

Urmia (electoral district) is a biggest electoral district in the West Azerbaijan Province.

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Urmia Airport

Urmia Airport (فرودگاه اروميه) is an airport serving the Central District of Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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Urmia County

Urmia County (شهرستان ارومیه.) is a county in West Azerbaijan Province in Iran.

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Urmia Lake Bridge

The Urmia Lake Causeway is a road bridge in northern Iran.

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Urmia Plain

Urmia Plain is a region in the West Azerbaijan Province of Iran.

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Urmia University

Urmia University (دانشگاه ارومیه turkic: اورمو بیلیم یوردو) (also known as University of Urmia) is a public university in West Azerbaijan province, Iran.

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Urmia University of Medical Sciences

Urmia University of Medical Sciences, is a medical school in Urmia, West Azarbaijan province of Iran.

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Urmia University of Technology

Urimia University of Technology was formed and started to work in summer 2007.

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Urtica

Urtica is a genus of flowering plants in the family Urticaceae.

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Vali Maleki

Vali Maleki (‌ولی ملکی) is an Iranian politician and food industry engineer.

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Vardan Mamikonian

Vardan Mamikonian (Վարդան Մամիկոնյան; 387–451 AD) was an Armenian military leader, a martyr and a saint of the Armenian Church.

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Varlyq

Varlyq (vɑɾˈɫɯq; وارلیق, Varlıq, Варлыг, vɑɾˈlɯg); English: Existence) is a bilingual quarterly literary magazine in Azerbaijani and Persian languages published in Tehran, Iran.

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Varzaqan (electoral district)

Varzaqan (electoral district) is a 13th electoral district in the East Azerbaijan Province.

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Vaspurakan

Vaspurakan (also transliterated as Vasbouragan in Western Armenian;, (Vaspourakan) meaning the "noble land" or "land of princes") was the eighth province of Greater Armenia, which later became an independent kingdom during the Middle Ages, centered on Lake Van.

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Vice President of Iran

The Vice President of Iran (معاون ریاست جمهوری اسلامی ایران) is defined by article 124 of the Constitution of Iran, as anyone appointed by the President of Iran to lead an organization related to Presidential affairs.

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Vinduyih

Vinduyih (Middle Persian: Windōē) or Bendoy (بندوی) was a Sasanian nobleman from the Ispahbudhan family.

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Vis and Rāmin

Vis and Rāmin (ويس و رامين., Vis o Rāmin) is an ancient Persian love story.

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Vistahm

Bistam or Vistahm (also transliterated Wistaxm, بیستام), was a Parthian dynast of the Ispahbudhan house, and maternal uncle of the Sasanian shah of Persia, Khosrow II (reigned 591–628).

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West Azerbaijan Province

West Azerbaijan Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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White émigré

A white émigré was a Russian subject who emigrated from Imperial Russia in the wake of the Russian Revolution and Russian Civil War, and who was in opposition to the contemporary Russian political climate.

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World

The world is the planet Earth and all life upon it, including human civilization.

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World Heritage site

A World Heritage site is a landmark or area which is selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance, and is legally protected by international treaties.

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World Network of Biosphere Reserves

The UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) covers internationally designated protected areas, each known as biosphere reserves, that are meant to demonstrate a balanced relationship between people and nature (e.g. encourage sustainable development).

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Yadegar-e Emam Stadium (Tabriz)

Yadegar-e Emam Stadium (ورزشگاه یادگار امام), also popularly known as Sahand Stadium (ورزشگاه سهند) is a multi-purpose stadium in Tabriz, Iran.

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Zahra Saei

Zahra Saei (‌‌زهرا ساعی; born 1980) is an Iranian politician, researcher and academic.

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Zangmar River

The Zangmar River (also known as the Ṭłmut River) is a river in Maku County, West Azarbaijan Province, Iran.

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Zanjan Airport

Zanjan Airport is an airport serving Zanjan, Iran.

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Zanjan and Tarom (electoral district)

Zanjan and Tarom (electoral district) is a biggest electoral district in the Zanjan Province.

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Zanjan County

Zanjan County (شهرستان زنجان) is a county in Zanjan Province in Iran.

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Zanjan Province

Zanjan Province (استان زنجان, Ostâne Zanjân; also Romanized as Ostān-e Zanjān; Zəngan ostanı, زنگان اوستانی, Зәнган останы) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Zanjan rug

Zanjan rug or Zenjan rug is the handmade Iranian carpet from Zanjan (Iranian Azerbaiajn).

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Zanjan University of Medical Sciences

Zanjan University of Medical Sciences is public medical sciences university located in Zanjan, Zanjan Province, Iran.

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Zanjan, Iran

Zanjan (Persian: زنجان,; Azerbaijani: زنگان) is the capital of Zanjan Province in Iranian Azerbaijan.

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Zarrineh River

The Zarrineh River (lit) is a river in Kurdistan Province and West Azarbaijan Province, Iran.

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Zoroaster

Zoroaster (from Greek Ζωροάστρης Zōroastrēs), also known as Zarathustra (𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬀 Zaraθuštra), Zarathushtra Spitama or Ashu Zarathushtra, was an ancient Iranian-speaking prophet whose teachings and innovations on the religious traditions of ancient Iranian-speaking peoples developed into the religion of Zoroastrianism.

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03 Ajabshir Recruit Training Centre

Shahid Sarlashgar Sha'ban Barkhordari 03 Ajabshir Recruit Training Centre (مرکز آموزش ۰۳ شهید سرلشگر شعبان برخورداری عجب‌شیر), commonly known as Ajab Shir 03 Garrison (پادگان ۰۳ عجب شير – Pādegān-e Seh-ye ʿAjab Shīr) is a village and military installation in Dizajrud-e Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Ajab Shir County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

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1976 AFC Asian Cup

The 1976 AFC Asian Cup was the 6th edition of the men's AFC Asian Cup, a quadrennial international football tournament organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).

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2010 Asian Men's Volleyball Cup

The 2010 Asian Men's Volleyball Cup was the 2nd edition of the AVC Cup for Men, played by top eight teams of the 2009 Asian Championship.

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2012 Asian Junior Men's Volleyball Championship

The 2012 Asian Junior Men's Volleyball Championship was held in Urmia, Iran.

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2012 WAFF Futsal Championship

The 2012 WAFF Futsal Championship was the 3rd WAFF Futsal Championship.

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2014 Asian Men's Junior Handball Championship

The 2014 Asian Men's Junior Handball Championship is the 14th edition of the Asian Men's Junior Handball Championship held from 2–14 August 2014 at Tabriz, I. R. Iran under the aegis of Asian Handball Federation.

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64th Infantry Division of Urmia

The 64th Infantry Division of Urmia (لشکر ۶۴ پیاده ارومیه) is an infantry division of the Ground Forces of Islamic Republic of Iran Army based in Urmia.

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Redirects here:

Adharbayjan, Azarbaijan, Azarbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan region, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iranian Azarbaijan, Iranian Azerbaijan, North-West of Iran, Northwestern Iran, Persian Azerbaijan, Region 3 (Iran), Region 3, Iran, South Azerbaijan, Southern Azerbaijan.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)

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