Helen of Greece and Denmark

Helen of Greece and Denmark (Ελένη, Eleni;; 2 May 1896 – 28 November 1982) was the queen mother of Romania during the reign of her son King Michael I (1940–1947). ^[1]

259 relations: Adolf Hitler, Aircraft pilot, Alba Iulia, Alexander I of Yugoslavia, Alexander of Greece, Alexandra of Denmark, Alexandru Șafran, Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Allies of World War I, Allies of World War II, Andrey Vyshinsky, Anglophile, Anne of Romania, Athens, Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Axis powers, Barbu Știrbey, Battle of Kiev (1941), Battle of Stalingrad, Belgrade, Belzec extermination camp, Bessarabia, Bois-de-Vaux Cemetery, Boris III of Bulgaria, Bran Castle, Broker, Bucharest, Buchenwald concentration camp, Cancer, Carol II of Romania, Carol Lambrino, Charles Jonnart, Christian IX of Denmark, Church of Greece, Civil list, Constantine I of Greece, Corfu, Cotroceni Palace, Coup d'état, Crete, Crown prince, Cruise of the Kings, Curtea de Argeș, Daily Mail, Damaskinos of Athens, Damaskinos Papandreou of Adrianople, Dansk Biografisk Leksikon, Danubian Principalities, Dinu Brătianu, Dispensation (Catholic canon law), ... Expand index (209 more) » « Shrink index
19th-century Greek women
Burials at Curtea de Argeş Cathedral
Children of Constantine I of Greece
Crown princesses
Eastern Orthodox Righteous Among the Nations
Greek Righteous Among the Nations
Members of the Church of Greece
Nobility from Athens
Princesses of Greece
Recipients of the Military Virtue Medal
Romanian queen mothers
Romanian women in World War II

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945.

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Aircraft pilot

An aircraft pilot or aviator is a person who controls the flight of an aircraft by operating its directional flight controls.

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Alba Iulia

Alba Iulia (Karlsburg or Carlsburg, formerly Weißenburg; Gyulafehérvár; Apulum) is a city that serves as the seat of Alba County in the west-central part of Romania.

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Alexander I (Александар I Карађорђевић,; – 9 October 1934), also known as Alexander the Unifier, was King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from 16 August 1921 to 3 October 1929 and King of Yugoslavia from 3 October 1929 until his assassination in 1934.

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Alexander of Greece

Alexander (Αλέξανδρος, Aléxandros; 1 August 189325 October 1920) was King of Greece from 11 June 1917 until his death in 1920. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Alexander of Greece are 19th-century Greek people and Children of Constantine I of Greece.

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Alexandra of Denmark

Alexandra of Denmark (Alexandra Caroline Marie Charlotte Louise Julia; 1 December 1844 – 20 November 1925) was Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Empress of India, from 22 January 1901 to 6 May 1910 as the wife of Edward VII. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Alexandra of Denmark are daughters of kings and Princesses of Denmark.

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Alexandru Șafran

Alexandru Şafran (or Alexandre Safran; 12 September 1910 – 27 July 2006) was a Romanian and, after 1948, Swiss rabbi.

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Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Alfred (Alfred Ernest Albert; 6 August 184430 July 1900) was sovereign Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 22 August 1893 until his death in 1900.

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Allies of World War I

The Allies, the Entente or the Triple Entente was an international military coalition of countries led by France, the United Kingdom, Russia, the United States, Italy, and Japan against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria in World War I (1914–1918).

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Allies of World War II

The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers.

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Andrey Vyshinsky

Andrey Yanuaryevich Vyshinsky (Андре́й Януа́рьевич Выши́нский; Andrzej Wyszyński) (– 22 November 1954) was a Soviet politician, jurist and diplomat.

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Anglophile

An Anglophile is a person who admires or loves England, its people, its culture, its language, and/or its various accents.

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Anne of Romania

Anne (born Princess Anne Antoinette Françoise Charlotte Zita Marguerite of Bourbon-Parma; 18 September 1923 – 1 August 2016) was the wife of King Michael I of Romania. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Anne of Romania are burials at Curtea de Argeş Cathedral, exiled royalty, Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Romania) and Romanian women in World War II.

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Athens

Athens is the capital and largest city of Greece.

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Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Maria Luise Augusta Catherina; 30 September 1811 – 7 January 1890), was Queen of Prussia and the first German Empress as the wife of William I, German Emperor.

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Axis powers

The Axis powers, originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis and also Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, was a military coalition that initiated World War II and fought against the Allies.

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Barbu Știrbey

Prince Barbu Alexandru Știrbey (4 November 1872 – 24 March 1946) was 30th Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Romania in 1927.

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Battle of Kiev (1941)

The First Battle of Kiev was the German name for the major battle that resulted in an encirclement of Soviet troops in the vicinity of Kiev during World War II, the capital and most populous city of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

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Battle of Stalingrad

The Battle of StalingradSchlacht von Stalingrad see; p (17 July 19422 February 1943) was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II, beginning when Nazi Germany and its Axis allies attacked and became locked in a protracted struggle with the Soviet Union for control over the Soviet city of Stalingrad in southern Russia.

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Belgrade

Belgrade.

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Belzec extermination camp

Belzec (English: or, Polish) was a Nazi German extermination camp in occupied Poland.

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Bessarabia

Bessarabia is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west.

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Bois-de-Vaux Cemetery

The Bois-de-Vaux Cemetery (French Cimetière du Bois-de-Vaux) is the principal burial ground of Lausanne in Switzerland.

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Boris III of Bulgaria

Boris III (Борѝс III; Boris Treti; 28 August 1943), originally Boris Klemens Robert Maria Pius Ludwig Stanislaus Xaver (Boris Clement Robert Mary Pius Louis Stanislaus Xavier), was the Tsar of the Kingdom of Bulgaria from 1918 until his death in 1943.

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Bran Castle

Bran Castle (Castelul Bran; Schloss Bran or; Törcsvári kastély) is a castle in Bran, southwest of Brașov.

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Broker

A broker is a person who or entity which arranges transactions between a buyer and a seller.

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Bucharest

Bucharest (București) is the capital and largest city of Romania.

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Buchenwald concentration camp

Buchenwald (literally 'beech forest') was a Nazi concentration camp established on Ettersberg hill near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937.

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Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

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Carol II of Romania

Carol II (4 April 1953) was King of Romania from 8 June 1930, until his forced abdication on 6 September 1940. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Carol II of Romania are burials at Curtea de Argeş Cathedral, members of the Romanian Orthodox Church, Romanian people of German descent and royal reburials.

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Carol Lambrino

Mircea Grigore Carol Hohenzollern (born Mircea Grigore Carol Lambrino; 8 January 1920 – 27 January 2006), also known as Prince Mircea Grigore Carol al României (anglicised as: of Romania) according to his amended Romanian birth certificate or as Carol Lambrino,, The Daily Telegraph, 10 February 2006 was the elder son of King Carol II of Romania.

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Charles Jonnart

Charles Célestin Auguste Jonnart (27 December 1857 – 30 December 1927) was a French politician.

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Christian IX of Denmark

Christian IX (8 April 181829 January 1906) was King of Denmark from 15 November 1863 until his death in 1906.

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Church of Greece

The Church of Greece (Ekklēsía tē̂s Helládos), part of the wider Greek Orthodox Church, is one of the autocephalous churches which make up the communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity.

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Civil list

A civil list is a list of individuals to whom money is paid by the government, typically for service to the state or as honorary pensions.

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Constantine I of Greece

Constantine I (Κωνσταντίνος Αʹ, Konstantínos I; – 11 January 1923) was King of Greece from 18 March 1913 to 11 June 1917 and from 19 December 1920 to 27 September 1922. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Constantine I of Greece are exiled royalty, Nobility from Athens and royal reburials.

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Corfu

Corfu or Kerkyra (Kérkyra) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea, of the Ionian Islands, and, including its small satellite islands, forms the margin of the nation's northwestern frontier with Albania.

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Cotroceni Palace

Cotroceni Palace (Romanian: Palatul Cotroceni) is the official residence of the President of Romania.

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Coup d'état

A coup d'état, or simply a coup, is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent leadership.

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Crete

Crete (translit, Modern:, Ancient) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and Corsica.

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Crown prince

A crown prince or hereditary prince is the heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy.

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Cruise of the Kings

The Cruise of the Kings (I krouaziéra ton galazoématon) was a royal cruise around the Mediterranean Sea in the summer of 1954, organised by King Paul and Queen Frederica of Greece.

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Curtea de Argeș

Curtea de Argeș is a municipality in Romania on the left bank of the river Argeș, where it flows through a valley of the Southern Carpathians (the Făgăraș Mountains), on the railway from Pitești to the Turnu Roșu Pass.

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Daily Mail

The Daily Mail is a British daily middle-market tabloid newspaper published in London.

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Damaskinos of Athens

Archbishop Damaskinos Papandreou (Αρχιεπίσκοπος Δαμασκηνός Παπανδρέου), born Dimitrios Papandreou (Δημήτριος Παπανδρέου; 3 March 1891 – 20 May 1949) was the archbishop of Athens and All Greece from 1941 until his death in 1949. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Damaskinos of Athens are eastern Orthodox Righteous Among the Nations and Greek Righteous Among the Nations.

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Damaskinos Papandreou of Adrianople

Damaskinos Papandreou (born Vasileos Papandreou, Βασίλειος Παπανδρέου; February 23, 1936, in Thermo, Aetolia-Acarnania – November 5, 2011, in Geneva) was the Greek Orthodox metropolitan bishop of Adrianople from 2003 until his death.

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Dansk Biografisk Leksikon

Dansk Biografisk Leksikon (usually abbreviated DBL; title of first edition written Dansk biografisk Lexikon) is a Danish biographical dictionary that has been published in three editions.

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Danubian Principalities

The Danubian Principalities (Principatele Dunărene, translit) was a conventional name given to the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which emerged in the early 14th century.

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Dinu Brătianu

Dinu Brătianu (January 13, 1866 – August 20, 1950), born Constantin I. C. Brătianu, was a Romanian engineer and politician who led the National Liberal Party (PNL) starting in 1934.

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Dispensation (Catholic canon law)

In the jurisprudence of the canon law of the Catholic Church, a dispensation is the exemption from the immediate obligation of law in certain cases.

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Eastbourne

Eastbourne is a town and seaside resort in East Sussex, on the south coast of England, east of Brighton and south of London.

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Eastern Front (World War II)

The Eastern Front, also known as the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union and its successor states, and the German–Soviet War in contemporary German and Ukrainian historiographies, was a theatre of World War II fought between the European Axis powers and Allies, including the Soviet Union (USSR) and Poland.

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Eastern Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, and also called the Greek Orthodox Church or simply the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 230 million baptised members.

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El Greco

Doménikos Theotokópoulos (Δομήνικος Θεοτοκόπουλος,; 1 October 1541 7 April 1614), most widely known as El Greco ("The Greek"), was a Greek painter, sculptor and architect of the Spanish Renaissance.

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Eleftherios Venizelos

Eleftherios Kyriakou Venizelos (translit,; – 18 March 1936) was a Cretan Greek statesman and prominent leader of the Greek national liberation movement.

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Elisabeta Palace

Elisabeta Palace is a palace on Kiseleff Road in Bucharest, Romania.

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Elisabeth of Romania

Elisabeth of Romania (Elisabeth Charlotte Josephine Alexandra Victoria) Elisabeta, Ελισάβετ; 12 October 1894 – 14 November 1956) was the second child and eldest daughter of King Ferdinand I and Queen Marie of Romania. She was Queen of Greece from 27 September 1922 until 25 March 1924 as the wife of King George II. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Elisabeth of Romania are 20th-century Greek people, 20th-century Greek women, daughters of kings, Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Romania) and members of the Romanian Orthodox Church.

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Elizabeth II

Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 19268 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Elizabeth II are daughters of kings.

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Epirus

Epirus is a geographical and historical region in southeastern Europe, now shared between Greece and Albania.

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Șoseaua Kiseleff

Șoseaua Kiseleff (Kiseleff Road) is a major road in Bucharest, Romania.

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Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy

The fall of the Fascist regime in Italy, also known in Italy as 25 Luglio (Venticinque Luglio), came as a result of parallel plots led respectively by Count Dino Grandi and King Victor Emmanuel III during the spring and summer of 1943, culminating with a successful vote of no confidence against the Prime Minister Benito Mussolini at the meeting of the Grand Council of Fascism on 24–25 July 1943.

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Ferdinand I of Romania

Ferdinand I (Ferdinand Viktor Albert Meinrad; 24 August 1865 – 20 July 1927), nicknamed Întregitorul ("the Unifier"), was King of Romania from 1914 until his death in 1927. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Ferdinand I of Romania are burials at Curtea de Argeş Cathedral, Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Romania) and Romanian people of German descent.

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Fiesole

Fiesole is a town and comune of the Metropolitan City of Florence in the Italian region of Tuscany, on a scenic height above Florence, 5 km (3 miles) northeast of that city.

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First Balkan War

The First Balkan War lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 and involved actions of the Balkan League (the Kingdoms of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro) against the Ottoman Empire.

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Florence

Florence (Firenze) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany.

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France

France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.

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Frederica of Hanover

Frederica of Hanover (Friederike Luise;; 18 April 1917 – 6 February 1981) was Queen of Greece from 1 April 1947 until 6 March 1964 as the wife of King Paul. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Frederica of Hanover are 20th-century Greek people, 20th-century Greek women and exiled royalty.

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Frederick III, German Emperor

Frederick III (Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Karl; 18 October 183115 June 1888) was German Emperor and King of Prussia for 99 days between March and June 1888, during the Year of the Three Emperors.

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Frederick, Prince of Hohenzollern

Frederick, Prince of Hohenzollern (Friedrich Viktor Pius Alexander Leopold Karl Theodor Ferdinand Fürst von Hohenzollern) (30 August 1891 – 6 February 1965) was the eldest son of William, Prince of Hohenzollern and Princess Maria Teresa of Bourbon-Two Sicilies.

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Garde du Corps

A Garde du Corps (French for lifeguard) is a military unit, formed of guards.

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General Government

The General Government (Generalgouvernement; Generalne Gubernatorstwo; Генеральна губернія), formally the General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region (Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete), was a German zone of occupation established after the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, Slovakia and the Soviet Union in 1939 at the onset of World War II.

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Geneva

Geneva (Genève)Genf; Ginevra; Genevra.

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George I of Greece

George I (Greek: Γεώργιος Α΄, Geórgios I; 24 December 1845 – 18 March 1913) was King of Greece from 30 March 1863 until his assassination in 1913.

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George II of Greece

George II (Geórgios II; 19 July 1890 – 1 April 1947) was King of Greece from 27 September 1922 until 25 March 1924, and again from 25 November 1935 until his death on 1 April 1947. The eldest son of King Constantine I of Greece and Princess Sophia of Prussia, George followed his father into exile in 1917 following the National Schism, while his younger brother Alexander was installed as king. Helen of Greece and Denmark and George II of Greece are 19th-century Greek people, Children of Constantine I of Greece, exiled royalty and Nobility from Athens.

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German Empire

The German Empire, also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich or simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a republic.

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German-occupied Europe

German-occupied Europe (or Nazi-occupied Europe) refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were wholly or partly militarily occupied and civil-occupied, including puppet governments, by the military forces and the government of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 and 1945, during World War II, administered by the Nazi regime under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler.

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Germany

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.

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Gheorghe Buzdugan

Gheorghe V. Buzdugan (February 10, 1867 – October 7, 1929) was a Romanian jurist and politician.

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Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej

Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (8 November 1901 – 19 March 1965) was a Romanian politician and electrician.

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Ghislain de Diesbach

Ghislain de Diesbach de Belleroche (6 August 1931 – 14 December 2023) was a French writer and biographer.

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Goudi coup

The Goudi coup (κίνημα στο Γουδί) was a military coup d'état that took place in Greece on the night of, starting at the barracks in Goudi, a neighborhood on the eastern outskirts of Athens.

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Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (Марія Александровна; – 24 October 1920) was the fifth child and only surviving daughter of Alexander II of Russia and Marie of Hesse and by Rhine; she was Duchess of Edinburgh and later Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha as the wife of Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

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Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia

Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia (Великий князь Константин Николаевич; 21 September 1827 – 25 January 1892) was the Emperor's Viceroy of Poland from 1862 to 1863 and a general admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy.

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Greater Romania

The term Greater Romania (România Mare) usually refers to the borders of the Kingdom of Romania in the interwar period, achieved after the Great Union.

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Greco-Italian War

The Greco-Italian War (Ellinoïtalikós Pólemos), also called the Italo-Greek War, Italian campaign in Greece, Italian invasion of Greece, and the War of '40 in Greece, took place between Italy and Greece from 28 October 1940 to 23 April 1941.

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Greco-Turkish War (1897)

The Greco-Turkish War of 1897 or the Ottoman-Greek War of 1897 (or 1897 Türk-Yunan Savaşı), also called the Thirty Days' War and known in Greece as the Black '97 (Mauro '97) or the Unfortunate War (Atychis polemos), was a war fought between the Kingdom of Greece and the Ottoman Empire.

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Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)

The Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922 was fought between Greece and the Turkish National Movement during the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of World War I, between 15 May 1919 and 14 October 1922.

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Greece

Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe.

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Gustaf VI Adolf

Gustaf VI Adolf (Oscar Fredrik Wilhelm Olaf Gustaf Adolf; 11 November 1882 – 15 September 1973) was King of Sweden from 29 October 1950 until his death in 1973.

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Gustav Richter

Gustav Richter (12 November 1913 – 5 June 1997) was an aide to Adolf Eichmann, an adviser on Jewish affairs (Judenberater), during Nazism era and a convicted war criminal.

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Harold Acton

Sir Harold Mario Mitchell Acton (5 July 1904 – 27 February 1994) was a British writer, scholar, and aesthete who was a prominent member of the Bright Young Things.

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High Court of Cassation and Justice

The High Court of Cassation and Justice (Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție) is Romania's supreme court.

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Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen

Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (Fürstentum Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen) was a principality in southwestern Germany.

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Holy See

The Holy See (url-status,; Santa Sede), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the pope in his role as the Bishop of Rome.

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Honorific

An honorific is a title that conveys esteem, courtesy, or respect for position or rank when used in addressing or referring to a person.

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House of Bourbon-Parma

The House of Bourbon-Parma (Casa di Borbone di Parma) is a cadet branch of the Spanish royal family, whose members once ruled as King of Etruria and as Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Guastalla, and Lucca.

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House of Glücksburg

The House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, better known as the House of Glücksburg, is a branch of the German House of Oldenburg.

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House of Hohenzollern

The House of Hohenzollern (Haus Hohenzollern,; Casa de Hohenzollern) is a formerly royal (and from 1871 to 1918, imperial) German dynasty whose members were variously princes, electors, kings and emperors of Hohenzollern, Brandenburg, Prussia, the German Empire, and Romania.

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House of Savoy

The House of Savoy (Casa Savoia) is an Italian royal house (formally a dynasty) that was established in 1003 in the historical Savoy region.

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Hungary

Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

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International Court of Justice

The International Court of Justice (ICJ; Cour internationale de justice, CIJ), or colloquially the World Court, is the only international court that adjudicates general disputes between nations, and gives advisory opinions on international legal issues.

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Ion Antonescu

Ion Antonescu (– 1 June 1946) was a Romanian military officer and marshal who presided over two successive wartime dictatorships as Prime Minister and Conducător during most of World War II. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Ion Antonescu are members of the Romanian Orthodox Church and Recipients of the Military Virtue Medal.

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Ion I. C. Brătianu

Ion Ionel Constantin Brătianu (also known as Ionel Brătianu; 20 August 1864 – 24 November 1927) was a Romanian politician, leader of the National Liberal Party (PNL), Prime Minister of Romania for five terms, and Foreign Minister on several occasions; he was the eldest son of statesman and PNL leader Ion Brătianu, the brother of Vintilă and Dinu Brătianu, and the father of Gheorghe I.

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Ionian Sea

The Ionian Sea (Iónio Pélagos,; Mar Ionio or Mar Jonio,; Deti Jon) is an elongated bay of the Mediterranean Sea.

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Iron Guard

The Iron Guard (Garda de Fier) was a Romanian militant revolutionary fascist movement and political party founded in 1927 by Corneliu Zelea Codreanu as the Legion of the Archangel Michael (Legiunea Arhanghelul Mihail) or the Legionary Movement (Mișcarea Legionară).

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia.

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Italy

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.

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Iuliu Maniu

Iuliu Maniu (Maniu Gyula 8 January 1873 – 5 February 1953) was a Romanian lawyer and politician.

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Jews

The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.

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Juan Carlos I

Juan Carlos I (Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias, born 5 January 1938) is a member of the Spanish royal family who reigned as King of Spain from 22 November 1975 until his abdication on 19 June 2014.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Juan Carlos I

Kingdom of Bulgaria

The Tsardom of Bulgaria (translit), also referred to as the Third Bulgarian Tsardom (translit), sometimes translated in English as the "Kingdom of Bulgaria", or simply Bulgaria, was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe, which was established on 5 October (O.S. 22 September) 1908, when the Bulgarian state was raised from a principality to a tsardom.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Kingdom of Bulgaria

Kingdom of Greece

The Kingdom of Greece (Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος) was established in 1832 and was the successor state to the First Hellenic Republic.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Kingdom of Greece

Kingdom of Romania

The Kingdom of Romania (Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy that existed from 13 March (O.S.) / 25 March 1881 with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian royal family), until 1947 with the abdication of King Michael I and the Romanian parliament's proclamation of the Romanian People's Republic.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Kingdom of Romania

Kiril, Prince of Preslav

Prince Kiril of Bulgaria, Prince of Preslav (Кирил, принц Преславски, Kyrill Heinrich Franz Ludwig Anton Karl Philipp Prinz von Bulgarien; 17 November 1895 – 1 February 1945) was the second son of Ferdinand I of Bulgaria and his first wife Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Kiril, Prince of Preslav

Kronberg im Taunus

Kronberg im Taunus is a town in the Hochtaunuskreis district, Hesse, Germany and part of the Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Kronberg im Taunus

Land reform

Land reform is a form of agrarian reform involving the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Land reform

Lausanne

Lausanne (Losena) is the capital and largest city of the Swiss French-speaking canton of Vaud.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Lausanne

Leonardopoulos–Gargalidis coup attempt

The Leonardopoulos–Gargalidis coup attempt (Κίνημα Λεοναρδόπουλου-Γαργαλίδη) was a failed military coup launched on 22 October 1923 (11 October O.S.) in the Kingdom of Greece by pro-royalist military officers under the Lieutenant Generals Georgios Leonardopoulos and Panagiotis Gargalidis, and the Colonel Georgios Ziras.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Leonardopoulos–Gargalidis coup attempt

Lilly Marcou

Lilly Marcou (born 1936) is a French historian of Romanian origin specialising in the history of communism.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Lilly Marcou

Louise of Hesse-Kassel

Louise of Hesse-Kassel (Luise Wilhelmine Friederike Caroline Auguste Julie, Louise Wilhelmine Frederikke Caroline Auguste Julie; 7 September 1817 – 29 September 1898) was Queen of Denmark as the wife of King Christian IX from 15 November 1863 until her death in 1898.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Louise of Hesse-Kassel

Lucerne

Lucerne (High Alemannic: Lozärn) or LuzernOther languages: label; Lucerna; Lucerna.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Lucerne

Luftflotte 4

Luftflotte 4 (Air Fleet 4) was one of the primary divisions of the German Luftwaffe in World War II.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Luftflotte 4

Macedonia (Greece)

Macedonia (Makedonía) is a geographic and former administrative region of Greece, in the southern Balkans.

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Macedonia (region)

Macedonia is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Macedonia (region)

Magda Lupescu

Magda Lupescu (born Elena Lupescu; 3/15 September 1899 – 29 June 1977), later officially known as Princess Carol of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, was the mistress and later wife of King Carol II of Romania. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Magda Lupescu are burials at Curtea de Argeş Cathedral and royal reburials.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Magda Lupescu

Majesty

Majesty (abbreviated HM for His Majesty or Her Majesty, oral address Your Majesty; from the Latin, meaning) is used as a manner of address by many monarchs, usually kings or queens.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Majesty

Manfred Freiherr von Killinger

Manfred Freiherr von Killinger (14 July 1886 – 2 September 1944) was a German naval officer, Freikorps leader, military writer and Nazi politician.

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Margareta of Romania

Margareta, Custodian of the Crown of Romania (born 26 March 1949) is the eldest daughter of King Michael I and Queen Anne of Romania. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Margareta of Romania are crown princesses, Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Romania) and Romanian people of Greek descent.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Margareta of Romania

Maria of Yugoslavia

Maria (born Princess Maria of Romania; 6 January 1900 – 22 June 1961), known in Serbian as Marija Karađorđević (Марија Карађорђевић), was Queen of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from 1922 to 1929 and Queen of Yugoslavia from 1929 to 1934 as the wife of King Alexander I. She was the mother of King Peter II. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Maria of Yugoslavia are daughters of kings, Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Romania), members of the Romanian Orthodox Church and royal reburials.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Maria of Yugoslavia

Marie of Romania

Marie (born Princess Marie Alexandra Victoria of Edinburgh; 29 October 1875 – 18 July 1938) was the last queen of Romania as the wife of King Ferdinand I. Marie was born into the British royal family. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Marie of Romania are burials at Curtea de Argeş Cathedral, Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Romania), members of the Romanian Orthodox Church and Romanian queen mothers.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Marie of Romania

Megali Idea

The Megali Idea (translit) is a nationalist and irredentist concept that expresses the goal of reviving the Byzantine Empire, by establishing a Greek state, which would include the large Greek populations that were still under Ottoman rule after the end of the Greek War of Independence (1821–1829) and all the regions that had large Greek populations (parts of the southern Balkans, Anatolia and Cyprus).

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Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens

The Metropolitan Cathedral of the Annunciation (Theotókou), popularly known as the Metropolis or Mitropoli (Mitrόpoli), is the cathedral church of the Archbishopric of Athens and all of Greece.

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Michael I of Romania

Michael I (Mihai I; 25 October 1921 – 5 December 2017) was the last king of Romania, reigning from 20 July 1927 to 8 June 1930 and again from 6 September 1940 until his forced abdication on 30 December 1947. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Michael I of Romania are burials at Curtea de Argeş Cathedral, exiled royalty, Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Romania), members of the Romanian Orthodox Church, Recipients of the Military Virtue Medal, Romanian people of German descent and Romanian people of Greek descent.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Michael I of Romania

Michael the Brave

Michael the Brave (Mihai Viteazul or Mihai Bravu; 1558 – 9 August 1601), born as Mihai Pătrașcu, was the Prince of Wallachia (as Michael II, 1593–1601), Prince of Moldavia (1600) and de facto ruler of Transylvania (1599–1600).

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Michael the Brave

Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic or Moldavian SSR (Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească, Република Советикэ Сочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ), also known as the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic, Moldovan SSR, Soviet Moldavia, Soviet Moldova, or simply Moldavia or Moldova, was one of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union which existed from 1940 to 1991.

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Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, officially the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union with a secret protocol that partitioned between them or managed the sovereignty of the states in Central and Eastern Europe: Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland and Romania.

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Monarchy of Greece

Monarchy of Greece (Monarchía tis Elládas) or Greek monarchy (Ellinikí Monarchía) is the constitutional form of government by which a hereditary sovereign (Basileus) reigns as the head of state of Greece.

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Moscow Conference (1945)

The Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers, also known as the Interim Meeting of Foreign Ministers, was held in Moscow between the foreign ministers of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union from December 16 to 26, 1945.

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National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)

The National Liberal Party (Partidul Național Liberal, PNL) was the first organised political party in Romania, a major force in the country's politics from its foundation in 1875 to World War II.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)

National Peasants' Party

The National Peasants' Party (also known as the National Peasant Party or National Farmers' Party; Partidul Național Țărănesc, or Partidul Național-Țărănist, PNȚ) was an agrarian political party in the Kingdom of Romania.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and National Peasants' Party

National Schism

The National Schism (Ethnikós Dichasmós), also sometimes called The Great Division, was a series of disagreements between King Constantine I and Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos regarding the foreign policy of Greece in the period of 1910–1922 of which the tipping point was whether Greece should enter World War I.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and National Schism

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Nazi Germany

Neutral country

A neutral country is a state that is neutral towards belligerents in a specific war or holds itself as permanently neutral in all future conflicts (including avoiding entering into military alliances such as NATO, CSTO or the SCO).

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Neutral country

Nicolae Rădescu

Nicolae Rădescu (30 March 1874 – 16 May 1953) was a Romanian army officer and political figure.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Nicolae Rădescu

Nikolaos Zorbas

Nikolaos Zorbas (Νικόλαος Ζορμπάς; c. 1844–1920) was a Greek soldier, most notable as the nominal leader of the Military League which organized the Goudi coup in 1909.

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Noemvriana

The Noemvriana (Νοεμβριανά, "November Events") of, or the Greek Vespers (after the Sicilian Vespers), was a political dispute which led to an armed confrontation in Athens between the royalist government of Greece and the forces of the Allies over the issue of Greece's neutrality during World War I.

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North Aegean

The North Aegean Region (translit) is one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece, and the smallest of the thirteen by population.

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Northern Transylvania

Northern Transylvania (Transilvania de Nord, Észak-Erdély) was the region of the Kingdom of Romania that during World War II, as a consequence of the August 1940 territorial agreement known as the Second Vienna Award, became part of the Kingdom of Hungary.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Northern Transylvania

Odesa

Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea.

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Old Royal Palace

The Old Royal Palace (Παλαιά Ανάκτορα Palaiá Anáktora) is the first royal palace of modern Greece, completed in 1843.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Old Royal Palace

Olga Constantinovna of Russia

Olga Constantinovna of Russia (Όλγα.; 18 June 1926) was Queen of Greece as the wife of King George I. She was briefly the regent of Greece in 1920. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Olga Constantinovna of Russia are 19th-century Greek people, 19th-century Greek women and 20th-century Greek women.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Olga Constantinovna of Russia

Operation Barbarossa

Operation Barbarossa (Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.

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Order of Carol I

The Order of Carol I (Ordinul Carol I) was the highest ranking of the Romanian honours of the Kingdom of Romania until the founding of the Order of Michael the Brave in 1916 by King Ferdinand I of Romania.

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Order of Victory

The Order of Victory (translit) was the highest military decoration awarded for World War II service in the Soviet Union, and one of the rarest orders in the world.

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Oropos

Oropos (Ωρωπός) is a small town and a municipality in East Attica, Greece.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.

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Palermo

Palermo (Palermu, locally also Paliemmu or Palèimmu) is a city in southern Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Metropolitan City of Palermo, the city's surrounding metropolitan province.

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Paris Peace Treaties, 1947

The Paris Peace Treaties (Traités de Paris) were signed on 10 February 1947 following the end of World War II in 1945.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Paris Peace Treaties, 1947

Parliament of Romania

The Parliament of Romania (Parlamentul României) is the national bicameral legislature of Romania, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies (Camera Deputaților) and the Senate (Senat).

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Parliament of Romania

Patriarch Miron of Romania

Miron Cristea (monastic name of Elie Cristea; 20 July 1868 – 6 March 1939) was a Romanian cleric and politician.

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Patriarch Nicodim of Romania

Nicodim, born Nicolae Munteanu (6 December 1864, Pipirig, Neamț County, Romania – 27 February 1948, Bucharest), was the head of the Romanian Orthodox Church (Patriarch of All Romania) between 1939 and 1948.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Patriarch Nicodim of Romania

Paul of Greece

Paul (Pav́los; 14 December 1901 – 6 March 1964) was King of Greece, reigning from 1 April 1947 until his death on 6 March 1964. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Paul of Greece are 20th-century Greek people, Children of Constantine I of Greece, exiled royalty and Nobility from Athens.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Paul of Greece

Peleș Castle

Peleș Castle (Castelul Peleș) is a Neo-Renaissance palace in the Royal Domain of Sinaia in the Carpathian Mountains, near Sinaia, in Prahova County, Romania, on an existing medieval route linking Transylvania and Wallachia, built between 1873 and 1914.

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Pelișor Castle

The Pelișor Castle (Romanian: Castelul Pelișor,, Schloß Klein Pelesch) is a castle in Sinaia, Romania, part of the same complex as the larger castle of Peleș.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Pelișor Castle

People's Democratic Front (Romania)

The People's Democratic Front (Frontul Democrației Populare, FDP, Országos Demokrata Arcvonal) was an electoral alliance in Romania from 1944 to 1968, dominated by the Romanian Communist Party (PCR). It formed the government of Romania from 1946 to 1968, and from 1948 onward was effectively the only legal political organization in the country.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and People's Democratic Front (Romania)

Petru Groza

Petru Groza (7 December 1884 – 7 January 1958) was a Romanian politician, best known as the first Prime Minister of the Communist Party-dominated government under Soviet occupation during the early stages of the Communist regime in Romania, and later as the President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly (nominal head of state of Romania) from 1952 until his death in 1958. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Petru Groza are members of the Romanian Orthodox Church.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Petru Groza

Piraeus

Piraeus (Πειραιάς; Πειραιεύς; Ancient:, Katharevousa) is a port city within the Athens-Piraeus urban area, in the Attica region of Greece.

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Pleurisy

Pleurisy, also known as pleuritis, is inflammation of the membranes that surround the lungs and line the chest cavity (pleurae).

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Ploughmen's Front

The Ploughmen's Front (Frontul Plugarilor) was a Romanian left-wing agrarian-inspired political organisation of ploughmen, founded at Deva in 1933 and led by Petru Groza.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Ploughmen's Front

Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli.

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Pope Pius XII

Pope Pius XII (born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli,; 2 March 18769 October 1958) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March 1939 until his death in October 1958.

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Post-war

A post-war or postwar period is the interval immediately following the end of a war.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Post-war

Potsdam Conference

The Potsdam Conference was held at Potsdam in the Soviet occupation zone from July 17 to August 2, 1945, to allow the three leading Allies to plan the postwar peace, while avoiding the mistakes of the Paris Peace Conference of 1919.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Potsdam Conference

Prime Minister of Greece

The prime minister of the Hellenic Republic (Prothypourgós tis Ellinikís Dimokratías), usually referred to as the prime minister of Greece (label), is the head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Greek Cabinet.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Prime Minister of Greece

Prime Minister of Romania

The prime minister of Romania (Prim-ministrul României), officially the prime minister of the Government of Romania (Prim-ministrul Guvernului României), is the head of the Government of Romania.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Prime Minister of Romania

Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta

Prince Aimone, 4th Duke of Aosta (Aimone Roberto Margherita Maria Giuseppe Torino; 9 March 1900 – 29 January 1948) was a prince of Italy's reigning House of Savoy and an officer of the Royal Italian Navy. Helen of Greece and Denmark and prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta are exiled royalty.

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Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Franz August Karl Albert Emanuel; 26 August 1819 – 14 December 1861) was the husband of Queen Victoria. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha are royal reburials.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta

Prince Amedeo, 3rd Duke of Aosta (Amedeo Umberto Isabella Luigi Filippo Maria Giuseppe Giovanni di Savoia-Aosta; 21 October 1898 – 3 March 1942) was the third Duke of Aosta and a first cousin once removed of the King of Italy, Victor Emmanuel III.

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Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta (1943–2021)

Prince Amedeo of Savoy-Aosta, 5th Duke of Aosta (Amedeo Umberto Costantino Giorgio Paolo Elena Maria Fiorenzo Zvonimir di Savoia; 27 September 1943 – 1 June 2021) was a claimant to the headship of the House of Savoy, the family which ruled Italy from 1861 to 1946. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta (1943–2021) are exiled royalty.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta (1943–2021)

Prince Mircea of Romania

Prince Mircea of Romania (3 January 19132 November 1916) was the third son and youngest child of King Ferdinand of Romania and Marie of Edinburgh and the great-grandson of Queen Victoria through his mother. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Prince Mircea of Romania are members of the Romanian Orthodox Church.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Prince Mircea of Romania

Prince Nicholas of Romania

Prince Nicholas of Romania (Principele Nicolae al României; 5 August 1903 – 9 June 1978), later known as Prince Nicholas of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, was the fourth child and second son of King Ferdinand I of Romania and his wife Queen Marie. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Prince Nicholas of Romania are members of the Romanian Orthodox Church and royal reburials.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Prince Nicholas of Romania

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (born Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, later Philip Mountbatten; 10 June 19219 April 2021), was the husband of Queen Elizabeth II. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh are exiled royalty and royal reburials.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

Prince René of Bourbon-Parma

Prince René of Bourbon-Parma (17 October 1894 – 30 July 1962) was the seventh surviving son of Robert I, Duke of Parma, and his second wife, Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Prince René of Bourbon-Parma

Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma

Xavier, Duke of Parma and Piacenza, known in France before 1974 as Prince Xavier de Bourbon-Parme, known in Spain as Francisco Javier de Borbón-Parma y de Braganza or simply as Don Javier (25 May 1889 – 7 May 1977), was head of the ducal House of Bourbon-Parma. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma are exiled royalty.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma

Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg

Grand Duchess Alexandra Iosifovna of Russia (born Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg, 8 July 1830 – 6 July 1911) was the fifth daughter of Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg and Duchess Amelia of Württemberg.

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Princess Claude of Orléans

Princess Claude of Orléans (Claude Marie Agnès Catherine; born 11 December 1943) is a French princess of the House of Orléans.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Princess Claude of Orléans

Princess Elena of Romania

Princess Elena of Romania (born 15 November 1950) is the second eldest daughter of King Michael I and Queen Anne of Romania. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Princess Elena of Romania are daughters of kings, Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Romania) and members of the Romanian Orthodox Church.

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Princess Ileana of Romania

Princess Ileana of Romania, also known as Mother Alexandra (5 January 1909 – 21 January 1991), was the youngest daughter of King Ferdinand I of Romania and his consort, Queen Marie of Romania. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Princess Ileana of Romania are daughters of kings, Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Romania) and members of the Romanian Orthodox Church.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Princess Ileana of Romania

Princess Irene, Duchess of Aosta

Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark (13 February 1904 – 15 April 1974) was the fifth child and second daughter of Constantine I of Greece and his wife, the former Princess Sophie of Prussia. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Princess Irene, Duchess of Aosta are 20th-century Greek people, 20th-century Greek women, Children of Constantine I of Greece, daughters of kings, exiled royalty, Nobility from Athens, Princesses of Denmark and Princesses of Greece.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Princess Irene, Duchess of Aosta

Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark

Princess Katherine of Greece and DenmarkMarlene A. Eilers, Queen Victoria's Descendants (Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1987), page 165. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark are 20th-century Greek people, 20th-century Greek women, Children of Constantine I of Greece, daughters of kings, exiled royalty, Nobility from Athens, Princesses of Denmark and Princesses of Greece.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark

Princess Mafalda of Savoy

Princess Mafalda of Savoy (19 November 1902 – 28 August 1944) was the second daughter of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and his wife Elena of Montenegro. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Princess Mafalda of Savoy are daughters of kings.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Princess Mafalda of Savoy

Princess Margaret of Denmark

Princess Margaret of Denmark (Margrethe Françoise Louise Marie Helene; 17 September 1895 – 18 September 1992) was a Danish princess by birth and a princess of Bourbon-Parma as the wife of Prince René of Bourbon-Parma. Helen of Greece and Denmark and princess Margaret of Denmark are Princesses of Denmark.

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Princess Maria of Greece and Denmark

Princess Maria of Greece and Denmark (Мария Георгиевна; 3 March 1876 – 14 December 1940) was a daughter of King George I of Greece and his wife Grand Duchess Olga Constantinovna of Russia. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Princess Maria of Greece and Denmark are 19th-century Greek people, 19th-century Greek women, daughters of kings, Nobility from Athens, Princesses of Denmark and Princesses of Greece.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Princess Maria of Greece and Denmark

Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia

Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia (Viktoria Luise Adelheid Mathilde Charlotte; 13 September 1892 – 11 December 1980) was the only daughter and youngest child of Wilhelm II, German Emperor, and Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia are daughters of kings.

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Provisional Government of National Defence

The Provisional Government of National Defence, also known as the State of Thessaloniki (Κράτος της Θεσσαλονίκης), was a parallel administration, set up in the city of Thessaloniki by former Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos and his supporters during World War I, in opposition and rivalry to the official royal government in Athens.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Provisional Government of National Defence

Puppet state

A puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government is a state that is de jure independent but de facto completely dependent upon an outside power and subject to its orders.

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Queen mother

A queen mother is a former queen, often a queen dowager, who is the mother of the reigning monarch.

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Queen Sofía of Spain

Sofía (born Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark, Σοφία; 2 November 1938) is a member of the Spanish royal family who was Queen of Spain from 1975 to 2014 as the wife of King Juan Carlos I. She is the first child of King Paul of Greece and Frederica of Hanover. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Queen Sofía of Spain are daughters of kings, Nobility from Athens, Princesses of Denmark and Princesses of Greece.

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Queen Sofía of Spain

Queen Victoria

Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death in 1901.

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Raoul Bossy

Raoul V. Bossy (1894–1975) was a Romanian diplomat.

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Red Army

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union.

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Renaissance architecture

Renaissance architecture is the European architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 16th centuries in different regions, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture.

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Righteous Among the Nations

Righteous Among the Nations (חֲסִידֵי אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם) is a title used by Yad Vashem to describe people who, for various reasons, made an effort to assist victims, including Jews, who were being exterminated by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust.

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Romania

Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe.

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Romanian Armed Forces

The Romanian Armed Forces (Forțele Armate Române or Armata Română) are the military forces of Romania.

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Romanian Communist Party

The Romanian Communist Party (Partidul Comunist Român,, PCR) was a communist party in Romania.

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Romanian leu

The Romanian leu (plural lei; ISO code: RON; numeric code: 946) is the currency of Romania.

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Romanian National Committee (1948)

Romanian National Committee (Comitetul Național Român, CNR) was an anti-communist organization of Romanian post-World War II exiles in the Western world.

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Romanian Orthodox Church

The Romanian Orthodox Church (ROC; Biserica Ortodoxă Română, BOR), or Patriarchate of Romania, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox Christian churches, and one of the nine patriarchates in the Eastern Orthodox Church.

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Romanian People's Tribunals

The two Romanian People's Tribunals (Tribunalele Poporului), the Bucharest People's Tribunal and the Northern Transylvania People's Tribunal (which sat in Cluj) were set up by the post-World War II government of Romania, overseen by the Allied Control Commission to try suspected war criminals, in line with Article 14 of the Armistice Agreement with Romania which said: "The Romanian Government and High Command undertake to collaborate with the Allied (Soviet) High Command in the apprehension and trial of persons accused of war crimes".

See Helen of Greece and Denmark and Romanian People's Tribunals

Romanians

Romanians (români,; dated exonym Vlachs) are a Romance-speaking ethnic group and nation native to Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. Sharing a common culture and ancestry, they speak the Romanian language and live primarily in Romania and Moldova. The 2021 Romanian census found that 89.3% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians.

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Schlosshotel Kronberg

Schlosshotel Kronberg (Castle Hotel Kronberg) in Kronberg im Taunus, Hesse, near Frankfurt am Main, was built between 1889 and 1893 for the dowager German Empress Victoria and originally named Schloss Friedrichshof (Friedrichshof Castle) in honour of her late husband, Emperor Frederick III (Friedrich III).

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Seaford, East Sussex

Seaford is a town in East Sussex, England, east of Newhaven and west of Eastbourne.

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Second Balkan War

The Second Balkan War was a conflict that broke out when Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its share of the spoils of the First Balkan War, attacked its former allies, Serbia and Greece, on 16 (O.S.) / 29 (N.S.) June 1913.

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Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive

The second Jassy–Kishinev offensive, commonly referred to as the Jassy–Kishinev offensive named after the two major cities, Iași ("Jassy") and Chișinău ("Kishinev"), in the staging area, was a Soviet offensive against Axis forces, which took place in Eastern Romania from 20 to 29 August 1944 during World War II.

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Second Vienna Award

The Second Vienna Award, also known as the Vienna Diktat, was the second of two territorial disputes that were arbitrated by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.

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Siege of Budapest

The siege of Budapest or battle of Budapest was the 50-day-long encirclement by Soviet and Romanian forces of the Hungarian capital of Budapest, near the end of World War II.

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Siege of Odessa

The Siege of Odessa, known to the Soviets as the defense of Odessa, lasted from 8 August until 16 October 1941, during the early phase of Operation Barbarossa, the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II.

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Sinaia

Sinaia is a town and a mountain resort in Prahova County, Romania.

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Socialist Republic of Romania

The Socialist Republic of Romania (Republica Socialistă România, RSR) was a Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist state that existed officially in Romania from 1947 to 1989 (see Revolutions of 1989).

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Sophia of Prussia

Sophia of Prussia (Sophie Dorothea Ulrike Alice, Sofía Dorothéa Oulríki Alíki; 14 June 1870 – 13 January 1932) was Queen of Greece from 1913 to 1917 and from 1920 to 1922 as the wife of King Constantine I. A member of the House of Hohenzollern and child of Frederick III, German Emperor, Sophia received a liberal and Anglophile education, under the supervision of her mother Victoria, Princess Royal. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Sophia of Prussia are 19th-century Greek people, 19th-century Greek women, 20th-century Greek people, 20th-century Greek women, daughters of kings and exiled royalty.

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Soup kitchen

A soup kitchen, food kitchen, or meal center is a place where food is offered to the hungry usually for no price, or sometimes at a below-market price (such as coin donations).

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Southern Dobruja

Southern Dobruja, South Dobruja, or Quadrilateral (translit or simply Добруджа,; Dobrogea de Sud, Cadrilater or Dobrogea Nouă) is an area of north-eastern Bulgaria comprising Dobrich and Silistra provinces, part of the historical region of Dobruja.

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Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

Between 28 June and 3 July 1940, the Soviet Union occupied Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, following an ultimatum made to Romania on 26 June 1940 that threatened the use of force.

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Soviet occupation of Romania

The Soviet occupation of Romania refers to the period from 1944 to August 1958, during which the Soviet Union maintained a significant military presence in Romania.

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Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

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Spanish flu

The 1918–1920 flu pandemic, also known as the Great Influenza epidemic or by the common misnomer Spanish flu, was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 subtype of the influenza A virus.

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St. Moritz

St.

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe.

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Tatoi Palace

Tatoi (Τατόι) was the summer palace and estate of the former Greek royal family.

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Thessaloniki

Thessaloniki (Θεσσαλονίκη), also known as Thessalonica, Saloniki, Salonika, or Salonica, is the second-largest city in Greece, with slightly over one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area, and the capital of the geographic region of Macedonia, the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace.

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Tinos

Tinos (Τήνος) is a Greek island situated in the Aegean Sea.

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Transylvania

Transylvania (Transilvania or Ardeal; Erdély; Siebenbürgen or Transsilvanien, historically Überwald, also Siweberjen in the Transylvanian Saxon dialect) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania.

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Treaty of Bucharest (1913)

The Treaty of Bucharest (Tratatul de la București; Букурештански мир; Букурещки договор; Συνθήκη τουΒουκουρεστίου) was concluded on 10 August 1913, by the delegates of Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro and Greece.

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Treaty of Craiova

The Treaty of Craiova (Krayovska spogodba; Tratatul de la Craiova) was signed on 7 September 1940 and ratified on 13 September 1940 by the Kingdom of Bulgaria and the Kingdom of Romania.

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Triple Alliance (1882)

The Triple Alliance was a defensive military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

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Triple Entente

The Triple Entente (from French entente meaning "friendship, understanding, agreement") describes the informal understanding between the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

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Tuscany

Italian: toscano | citizenship_it.

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Typhus

Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.

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United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was a sovereign state in Northwestern Europe that was established by the union in 1801 of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland.

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United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

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Versoix

Versoix is a municipality in the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland, which sits on the north-west side of Lake Geneva, north-east of the city of Geneva.

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Victor Emmanuel III

Victor Emmanuel III (11 November 1869 – 28 December 1947), born Vittorio Emanuele Ferdinando Maria Gennaro di Savoia, was King of Italy from 29 July 1900 until his abdication on 9 May 1946. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Victor Emmanuel III are exiled royalty and royal reburials.

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Victoria, Princess Royal

Victoria, Princess Royal (Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa; 21 November 1840 – 5 August 1901) was German Empress and Queen of Prussia as the wife of Frederick III, German Emperor.

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Wall Street

Wall Street is a street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City.

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Western betrayal

Western betrayal is the view that the United Kingdom, France, and sometimes the United States failed to meet their legal, diplomatic, military, and moral obligations with respect to the Czechoslovak and Polish states during the prelude to and aftermath of World War II.

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Wilhelm Filderman

Wilhelm Filderman (last name also spelled Fieldermann; 14 November 1882 – 1963) was a lawyer and the leader of the Romanian-Jewish community between 1919 and 1947; in addition, he was a representative of the Jews in the Romanian parliament.

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Wilhelm II

Wilhelm II (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert; 27 January 18594 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia from 1888 until his abdication in 1918, which marked the end of the German Empire as well as the Hohenzollern dynasty's 300-year rule of Prussia. Helen of Greece and Denmark and Wilhelm II are exiled royalty.

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William I, German Emperor

William I (Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig; 22 March 1797 – 9 March 1888), or Wilhelm I, was King of Prussia from 1861 and German Emperor from 1871 until his death in 1888.

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World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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Yad Vashem

Yad Vashem (יָד וַשֵׁם) is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust.

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Zappeion

The Zappeion (Záppeion Mégaro) is a large, palatial building next to the National Gardens of Athens in the heart of Athens, Greece.

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Zizi Lambrino

Joanna Marie Valentina "Zizi" Lambrino (3 October 1898 – 11 March 1953) was the first wife of the later King Carol II of Romania.

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Zurich

Zurich (Zürich) is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich.

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1941 Odessa massacre

The Odessa massacre was the mass murder of the Jewish population of Odessa and surrounding towns in the Transnistria Governorate during the autumn of 1941 and the winter of 1942 while it was under Romanian control.

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1944 Romanian coup d'état

The 1944 Romanian coup d'état, better known in Romanian historiography as the Act of 23 August (Actul de la 23 august), was a coup d'état led by King Michael I of Romania during World War II on 23 August 1944.

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1946 Romanian general election

General elections were held in Romania on 19 November 1946, in the aftermath of World War II.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_of_Greece_and_Denmark

Also known as Elena of Denmark, Elena of Greece, Elena of Greece and Denmark, Helen of Denmark, Helen, Queen Mother of Romania, Helena of Romania, Princess Elena of Greece, Princess Helen of Greece, Princess Helen of Greece and Denmark, Queen Elena of Romania.

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