Faster access than browser!
151 relations: AdS/CFT correspondence, Analytic continuation, André Neveu, Andrew Strominger, Angular momentum, Anomaly (physics), Arnold Sommerfeld, Asymptote, Asymptotic freedom, Barton Zwiebach, Beta function, Black hole, Black hole information paradox, Bootstrap model, Boson, Bosonic string theory, Bound state, Brane cosmology, Brian Greene, Bunji Sakita, Calabi–Yau manifold, California Institute of Technology, Chan–Paton factor, Claud Lovelace, Clifford V. Johnson, Compactification (physics), Condensed matter physics, Conifold, Cosmology, Critical dimension, Crossing (physics), D-brane, David Gross, David Olive, Discover (magazine), Dispersion relation, Dual resonance model, Edward Witten, Electric charge, Elementary particle, Emil Martinec, False vacuum, Ferdinando Gliozzi, Fermion, Force carrier, Fraction (mathematics), Fundamental interaction, Gabriele Veneziano, Gary Horowitz, Gary Taubes, ..., Gauge theory, Geoffrey Chew, George Zweig, Graviton, Green–Schwarz mechanism, GSO projection, Hans Kramers, Heterotic string theory, History of loop quantum gravity, History of quantum field theory, Holger Bech Nielsen, Holographic principle, Introduction to M-theory, Isospin, Jean-Loup Gervais, Jeffrey A. Harvey, Joël Scherk, John Archibald Wheeler, John Henry Schwarz, Joseph Polchinski, Juan Martín Maldacena, Kaluza–Klein theory, Kramers–Kronig relations, Lambda baryon, Leonard Susskind, Leonhard Euler, List of particles, M-theory, Magnetic moment, Marvin Leonard Goldberger, Meson, Michael Green (physicist), Michael R. Douglas, Miguel Ángel Virasoro (physicist), Mirror symmetry (string theory), Murray Gell-Mann, Musical note, N = 4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory, Neutron, Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics, Nuovo Cimento, Paolo Di Vecchia, Particle physics, Paul Frampton, Paul Townsend, Philip Candelas, Photon, Pierre Ramond, Polyakov action, Probability amplitude, Proton, Pure mathematics, Quantum chromodynamics, Quantum field theory, Quantum gravity, Quantum mechanics, Quark model, Ralph Kronig, Ramond–Ramond field, Regge theory, Relativistic quantum mechanics, RNS formalism, Ryan Rohm, S-duality, S-matrix, S-matrix theory, Sakata model, Sheldon Lee Glashow, Shoichi Sakata, Spectrum, Spin-½, Stanley Mandelstam, Stephen Hawking, Steven Frautschi, String duality, String theory, String theory landscape, String vibration, Strong interaction, Supergravity, Supermembranes, Superstring theory, Supersymmetry, T-duality, Tachyon, Tachyon condensation, Tamiaki Yoneya, The Elegant Universe, Tullio Regge, Type I string theory, Type II string theory, U-duality, Unified field theory, Unitarity (physics), University of California, Berkeley, Veneziano amplitude, Vladimir Gribov, Werner Heisenberg, Werner Nahm, Western world, Yoichiro Nambu. Expand index (101 more) »
AdS/CFT correspondence
In theoretical physics, the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence, sometimes called Maldacena duality or gauge/gravity duality, is a conjectured relationship between two kinds of physical theories.
New!!: History of string theory and AdS/CFT correspondence · See more »
Analytic continuation
In complex analysis, a branch of mathematics, analytic continuation is a technique to extend the domain of a given analytic function.
New!!: History of string theory and Analytic continuation · See more »
André Neveu
André Neveu (born 28 August 1946) is a French physicist working on string theory and quantum field theory who coinvented the Neveu–Schwarz algebra and the Gross–Neveu model.
New!!: History of string theory and André Neveu · See more »
Andrew Strominger
Andrew Eben Strominger (born 1955) is an American theoretical physicist who is the Director of Harvard's Center for the Fundamental Laws of Nature.
New!!: History of string theory and Andrew Strominger · See more »
Angular momentum
In physics, angular momentum (rarely, moment of momentum or rotational momentum) is the rotational equivalent of linear momentum.
New!!: History of string theory and Angular momentum · See more »
Anomaly (physics)
In quantum physics an anomaly or quantum anomaly is the failure of a symmetry of a theory's classical action to be a symmetry of any regularization of the full quantum theory.
New!!: History of string theory and Anomaly (physics) · See more »
Arnold Sommerfeld
Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld, (5 December 1868 – 26 April 1951) was a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in atomic and quantum physics, and also educated and mentored a large number of students for the new era of theoretical physics.
New!!: History of string theory and Arnold Sommerfeld · See more »
Asymptote
In analytic geometry, an asymptote of a curve is a line such that the distance between the curve and the line approaches zero as one or both of the x or y coordinates tends to infinity.
New!!: History of string theory and Asymptote · See more »
Asymptotic freedom
In particle physics, asymptotic freedom is a property of some gauge theories that causes interactions between particles to become asymptotically weaker as the energy scale increases and the corresponding length scale decreases.
New!!: History of string theory and Asymptotic freedom · See more »
Barton Zwiebach
Barton Zwiebach (full name Barton Zwiebach Cantor, born October 4, 1954) is a string theorist and professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, born in Lima, Perú.
New!!: History of string theory and Barton Zwiebach · See more »
Beta function
In mathematics, the beta function, also called the Euler integral of the first kind, is a special function defined by for.
New!!: History of string theory and Beta function · See more »
Black hole
A black hole is a region of spacetime exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing—not even particles and electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from inside it.
New!!: History of string theory and Black hole · See more »
Black hole information paradox
The black hole information paradox is a puzzle resulting from the combination of quantum mechanics and general relativity.
New!!: History of string theory and Black hole information paradox · See more »
Bootstrap model
The term "bootstrap model" is used for a class of theories that use very general consistency criteria to determine the form of a quantum theory from some assumptions on the spectrum of particles.
New!!: History of string theory and Bootstrap model · See more »
Boson
In quantum mechanics, a boson is a particle that follows Bose–Einstein statistics.
New!!: History of string theory and Boson · See more »
Bosonic string theory
Bosonic string theory is the original version of string theory, developed in the late 1960s.
New!!: History of string theory and Bosonic string theory · See more »
Bound state
In quantum physics, a bound state is a special quantum state of a particle subject to a potential such that the particle has a tendency to remain localised in one or more regions of space.
New!!: History of string theory and Bound state · See more »
Brane cosmology
Brane cosmology refers to several theories in particle physics and cosmology related to string theory, superstring theory and M-theory.
New!!: History of string theory and Brane cosmology · See more »
Brian Greene
Brian Randolph Greene (born February 9, 1963) is an American theoretical physicist, mathematician, and string theorist.
New!!: History of string theory and Brian Greene · See more »
Bunji Sakita
was a Japanese-American theoretical physicist who made important contributions in quantum field theory, superstring theory and discovered supersymmetry in 1971.
New!!: History of string theory and Bunji Sakita · See more »
Calabi–Yau manifold
In algebraic geometry, a Calabi–Yau manifold, also known as a Calabi–Yau space, is a particular type of manifold which has properties, such as Ricci flatness, yielding applications in theoretical physics.
New!!: History of string theory and Calabi–Yau manifold · See more »
California Institute of Technology
The California Institute of Technology (abbreviated Caltech)The university itself only spells its short form as "Caltech"; other spellings such as.
New!!: History of string theory and California Institute of Technology · See more »
Chan–Paton factor
In theoretical physics, the Chan–Paton factor (named after Jack E. Paton and Hong-Mo Chan) is a multivalued index associated with the endpoints of an open string.
New!!: History of string theory and Chan–Paton factor · See more »
Claud Lovelace
Claud Lovelace (16 January 1934 – 7 September 2012) was a theoretical physicist noted for his contributions to string theory, specifically, the idea that strings did not have to be restricted to the four dimensions of spacetime.
New!!: History of string theory and Claud Lovelace · See more »
Clifford V. Johnson
Clifford Victor Johnson (born 5 March 1968 in London) is an English theoretical physicist and professor at the University of Southern California Department of Physics and Astronomy.
New!!: History of string theory and Clifford V. Johnson · See more »
Compactification (physics)
In physics, compactification means changing a theory with respect to one of its space-time dimensions.
New!!: History of string theory and Compactification (physics) · See more »
Condensed matter physics
Condensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter.
New!!: History of string theory and Condensed matter physics · See more »
Conifold
In mathematics and string theory, a conifold is a generalization of a manifold.
New!!: History of string theory and Conifold · See more »
Cosmology
Cosmology (from the Greek κόσμος, kosmos "world" and -λογία, -logia "study of") is the study of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe.
New!!: History of string theory and Cosmology · See more »
Critical dimension
In the renormalization group analysis of phase transitions in physics, a critical dimension is the dimensionality of space at which the character of the phase transition changes.
New!!: History of string theory and Critical dimension · See more »
Crossing (physics)
In quantum field theory, a branch of theoretical physics, crossing is the property of scattering amplitudes that allows antiparticles to be interpreted as particles going backwards in time.
New!!: History of string theory and Crossing (physics) · See more »
D-brane
In string theory, D-branes are a class of extended objects upon which open strings can end with Dirichlet boundary conditions, after which they are named.
New!!: History of string theory and D-brane · See more »
David Gross
David Jonathan Gross (born February 19, 1941) is an American theoretical physicist and string theorist.
New!!: History of string theory and David Gross · See more »
David Olive
David Ian Olive CBE FRS FLSW (16 April 1937 – 7 November 2012) was a British theoretical physicist. Olive made fundamental contributions to string theory and duality theory, he is particularly known for his work on the GSO projection and Montonen–Olive duality. He was Professor of physics at Imperial College, London from 1984 to 1992. In 1992 he moved to Swansea University to help set up the new theoretical physics group. He was awarded the Dirac Prize and Medal of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in 1997. He was a Founding Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. He was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1987, and appointed CBE in 2002.
New!!: History of string theory and David Olive · See more »
Discover (magazine)
Discover is an American general audience science magazine launched in October 1980 by Time Inc.
New!!: History of string theory and Discover (magazine) · See more »
Dispersion relation
In physical sciences and electrical engineering, dispersion relations describe the effect of dispersion in a medium on the properties of a wave traveling within that medium.
New!!: History of string theory and Dispersion relation · See more »
Dual resonance model
In theoretical physics, a dual resonance model arose during the early investigation (1968–1973) of string theory as an S-matrix theory of the strong interaction.
New!!: History of string theory and Dual resonance model · See more »
Edward Witten
Edward Witten (born August 26, 1951) is an American theoretical physicist and professor of mathematical physics at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.
New!!: History of string theory and Edward Witten · See more »
Electric charge
Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.
New!!: History of string theory and Electric charge · See more »
Elementary particle
In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle with no substructure, thus not composed of other particles.
New!!: History of string theory and Elementary particle · See more »
Emil Martinec
Emil John Martinec (born 1958) is an American string theorist, a physics professor at the Enrico Fermi Institute at the University of Chicago, and director of the Kadanoff Center for Theoretical Physics.
New!!: History of string theory and Emil Martinec · See more »
False vacuum
In quantum field theory, a false vacuum is a hypothetical vacuum that is somewhat, but not entirely, stable.
New!!: History of string theory and False vacuum · See more »
Ferdinando Gliozzi
Ferdinando Gliozzi (born 1940) is a string theorist at the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare.
New!!: History of string theory and Ferdinando Gliozzi · See more »
Fermion
In particle physics, a fermion is a particle that follows Fermi–Dirac statistics.
New!!: History of string theory and Fermion · See more »
Force carrier
In particle physics, force carriers or messenger particles or intermediate particles are particles that give rise to forces between other particles.
New!!: History of string theory and Force carrier · See more »
Fraction (mathematics)
A fraction (from Latin fractus, "broken") represents a part of a whole or, more generally, any number of equal parts.
New!!: History of string theory and Fraction (mathematics) · See more »
Fundamental interaction
In physics, the fundamental interactions, also known as fundamental forces, are the interactions that do not appear to be reducible to more basic interactions.
New!!: History of string theory and Fundamental interaction · See more »
Gabriele Veneziano
Gabriele Veneziano (born 7 September 1942) is an Italian theoretical physicist and one of the pioneers of string theory.
New!!: History of string theory and Gabriele Veneziano · See more »
Gary Horowitz
Gary T. Horowitz (born April 14, 1955 in Washington, D.C.) is an American theoretical physicist who works on string theory and quantum gravity.
New!!: History of string theory and Gary Horowitz · See more »
Gary Taubes
Gary Taubes (born April 30, 1956) is an American science writer.
New!!: History of string theory and Gary Taubes · See more »
Gauge theory
In physics, a gauge theory is a type of field theory in which the Lagrangian is invariant under certain Lie groups of local transformations.
New!!: History of string theory and Gauge theory · See more »
Geoffrey Chew
Geoffrey Foucar Chew (born June 5, 1924) is an American theoretical physicist.
New!!: History of string theory and Geoffrey Chew · See more »
George Zweig
George Zweig (born May 30, 1937) is a Russian-American physicist.
New!!: History of string theory and George Zweig · See more »
Graviton
In theories of quantum gravity, the graviton is the hypothetical elementary particle that mediates the force of gravity.
New!!: History of string theory and Graviton · See more »
Green–Schwarz mechanism
The Green–Schwarz mechanism (sometimes called the Green–Schwarz anomaly cancellation mechanism) is the main discovery that started the first superstring revolution in superstring theory.
New!!: History of string theory and Green–Schwarz mechanism · See more »
GSO projection
The GSO projection (named after Ferdinando Gliozzi, Joël Scherk, and David I. Olive) is an ingredient used in constructing a consistent model in superstring theory.
New!!: History of string theory and GSO projection · See more »
Hans Kramers
Hendrik Anthony "Hans" Kramers (2 February 1894 – 24 April 1952) was a Dutch physicist who worked with Niels Bohr to understand how electromagnetic waves interact with matter.
New!!: History of string theory and Hans Kramers · See more »
Heterotic string theory
In string theory, a heterotic string is a closed string (or loop) which is a hybrid ('heterotic') of a superstring and a bosonic string.
New!!: History of string theory and Heterotic string theory · See more »
History of loop quantum gravity
The history of loop quantum gravity spans more than three decades of intense research.
New!!: History of string theory and History of loop quantum gravity · See more »
History of quantum field theory
In particle physics, the history of quantum field theory starts with its creation by Paul Dirac, when he attempted to quantize the electromagnetic field in the late 1920s.
New!!: History of string theory and History of quantum field theory · See more »
Holger Bech Nielsen
Holger Bech Nielsen (born 25 August 1941, Copenhagen) is a Danish theoretical physicist, Professor emeritus at the Niels Bohr Institute, at the University of Copenhagen, where he started studying physics in 1961.
New!!: History of string theory and Holger Bech Nielsen · See more »
Holographic principle
The holographic principle is a principle of string theories and a supposed property of quantum gravity that states that the description of a volume of space can be thought of as encoded on a lower-dimensional boundary to the region—preferably a light-like boundary like a gravitational horizon.
New!!: History of string theory and Holographic principle · See more »
Introduction to M-theory
In non-technical terms, M-theory presents an idea about the basic substance of the universe.
New!!: History of string theory and Introduction to M-theory · See more »
Isospin
In nuclear physics and particle physics, isospin is a quantum number related to the strong interaction.
New!!: History of string theory and Isospin · See more »
Jean-Loup Gervais
Jean-Loup Gervais (born 10 September 1936 in Paris) is a French theoretical physicist.
New!!: History of string theory and Jean-Loup Gervais · See more »
Jeffrey A. Harvey
Jeffrey A. Harvey (born February 15, 1955 in San Antonio, Texas) an American string theorist at the University of Chicago.
New!!: History of string theory and Jeffrey A. Harvey · See more »
Joël Scherk
Joël Scherk (1946 – 16 May 1980), often cited as Joel Scherk, was a French theoretical physicist who studied string theory and supergravity.
New!!: History of string theory and Joël Scherk · See more »
John Archibald Wheeler
John Archibald Wheeler (July 9, 1911 – April 13, 2008) was an American theoretical physicist.
New!!: History of string theory and John Archibald Wheeler · See more »
John Henry Schwarz
John Henry Schwarz (born November 22, 1941) is an American theoretical physicist.
New!!: History of string theory and John Henry Schwarz · See more »
Joseph Polchinski
Joseph Gerard Polchinski Jr. (May 16, 1954 – February 2, 2018) was an American theoretical physicist and string theorist.
New!!: History of string theory and Joseph Polchinski · See more »
Juan Martín Maldacena
Juan Martín Maldacena (September 10, 1968 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is a theoretical physicist.
New!!: History of string theory and Juan Martín Maldacena · See more »
Kaluza–Klein theory
In physics, Kaluza–Klein theory (KK theory) is a classical unified field theory of gravitation and electromagnetism built around the idea of a fifth dimension beyond the usual four of space and time and considered an important precursor to string theory.
New!!: History of string theory and Kaluza–Klein theory · See more »
Kramers–Kronig relations
The Kramers–Kronig relations are bidirectional mathematical relations, connecting the real and imaginary parts of any complex function that is analytic in the upper half-plane.
New!!: History of string theory and Kramers–Kronig relations · See more »
Lambda baryon
The Lambda baryons are a family of subatomic hadron particles containing one up quark, one down quark, and a third quark from a higher flavour generation, in a combination where the wavefunction changes sign upon the flavour of any two quarks being swapped (thus differing from a Sigma baryon).
New!!: History of string theory and Lambda baryon · See more »
Leonard Susskind
Leonard Susskind (born 1940)his 60th birthday was celebrated with a special symposium at Stanford University.
New!!: History of string theory and Leonard Susskind · See more »
Leonhard Euler
Leonhard Euler (Swiss Standard German:; German Standard German:; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer, who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics, such as infinitesimal calculus and graph theory, while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory.
New!!: History of string theory and Leonhard Euler · See more »
List of particles
This article includes a list of the different types of atomic- and sub-atomic particles found or hypothesized to exist in the whole of the universe categorized by type.
New!!: History of string theory and List of particles · See more »
M-theory
M-theory is a theory in physics that unifies all consistent versions of superstring theory.
New!!: History of string theory and M-theory · See more »
Magnetic moment
The magnetic moment is a quantity that represents the magnetic strength and orientation of a magnet or other object that produces a magnetic field.
New!!: History of string theory and Magnetic moment · See more »
Marvin Leonard Goldberger
Marvin Leonard "Murph" Goldberger (October 22, 1922 – November 26, 2014) was a theoretical physicist and former president of the California Institute of Technology.
New!!: History of string theory and Marvin Leonard Goldberger · See more »
Meson
In particle physics, mesons are hadronic subatomic particles composed of one quark and one antiquark, bound together by strong interactions.
New!!: History of string theory and Meson · See more »
Michael Green (physicist)
Michael Boris Green (born 22 May 1946) is a British physicist and one of the pioneers of string theory.
New!!: History of string theory and Michael Green (physicist) · See more »
Michael R. Douglas
Michael R. Douglas (born November 19, 1961) is an American theoretical physicist and professor at Stony Brook University.
New!!: History of string theory and Michael R. Douglas · See more »
Miguel Ángel Virasoro (physicist)
Miguel Ángel Virasoro (born 1940 in Argentina) is an Argentine physicist who has done most of his work in Italy.
New!!: History of string theory and Miguel Ángel Virasoro (physicist) · See more »
Mirror symmetry (string theory)
In algebraic geometry and theoretical physics, mirror symmetry is a relationship between geometric objects called Calabi–Yau manifolds.
New!!: History of string theory and Mirror symmetry (string theory) · See more »
Murray Gell-Mann
Murray Gell-Mann (born September 15, 1929) is an American physicist who received the 1969 Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the theory of elementary particles.
New!!: History of string theory and Murray Gell-Mann · See more »
Musical note
In music, a note is the pitch and duration of a sound, and also its representation in musical notation (♪, ♩).
New!!: History of string theory and Musical note · See more »
N = 4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory
N.
New!!: History of string theory and N = 4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory · See more »
Neutron
| magnetic_moment.
New!!: History of string theory and Neutron · See more »
Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics
The Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics, or Nordita (Nordisk Institut for Teoretisk (Atom)fysik), is an international organisation for research in theoretical physics.
New!!: History of string theory and Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics · See more »
Nuovo Cimento
Nuovo Cimento is a series of peer-reviewed scientific journals of physics.
New!!: History of string theory and Nuovo Cimento · See more »
Paolo Di Vecchia
Paolo Di Vecchia (born October 29, 1942 in Terracina) is an Italian theoretical physicist who works in the field of elementary particle physics, quantum field theory and string theory.
New!!: History of string theory and Paolo Di Vecchia · See more »
Particle physics
Particle physics (also high energy physics) is the branch of physics that studies the nature of the particles that constitute matter and radiation.
New!!: History of string theory and Particle physics · See more »
Paul Frampton
Paul Howard Frampton (born 31 October 1943) is an English particle phenomenologist.
New!!: History of string theory and Paul Frampton · See more »
Paul Townsend
Paul Kingsley Townsend FRS is a British physicist, currently a Professor of Theoretical Physics in Cambridge University's Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics.
New!!: History of string theory and Paul Townsend · See more »
Philip Candelas
Philip Candelas, (born 24 October 1951, London, UK) is a British physicist and mathematician.
New!!: History of string theory and Philip Candelas · See more »
Photon
The photon is a type of elementary particle, the quantum of the electromagnetic field including electromagnetic radiation such as light, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force (even when static via virtual particles).
New!!: History of string theory and Photon · See more »
Pierre Ramond
Pierre Ramond (born 31 January 1943) is distinguished professor of physics at University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida.
New!!: History of string theory and Pierre Ramond · See more »
Polyakov action
In physics, the Polyakov action is an action of the two-dimensional conformal field theory describing the worldsheet of a string in string theory.
New!!: History of string theory and Polyakov action · See more »
Probability amplitude
In quantum mechanics, a probability amplitude is a complex number used in describing the behaviour of systems.
New!!: History of string theory and Probability amplitude · See more »
Proton
| magnetic_moment.
New!!: History of string theory and Proton · See more »
Pure mathematics
Broadly speaking, pure mathematics is mathematics that studies entirely abstract concepts.
New!!: History of string theory and Pure mathematics · See more »
Quantum chromodynamics
In theoretical physics, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of the strong interaction between quarks and gluons, the fundamental particles that make up composite hadrons such as the proton, neutron and pion.
New!!: History of string theory and Quantum chromodynamics · See more »
Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is the theoretical framework for constructing quantum mechanical models of subatomic particles in particle physics and quasiparticles in condensed matter physics.
New!!: History of string theory and Quantum field theory · See more »
Quantum gravity
Quantum gravity (QG) is a field of theoretical physics that seeks to describe gravity according to the principles of quantum mechanics, and where quantum effects cannot be ignored, such as near compact astrophysical objects where the effects of gravity are strong.
New!!: History of string theory and Quantum gravity · See more »
Quantum mechanics
Quantum mechanics (QM; also known as quantum physics, quantum theory, the wave mechanical model, or matrix mechanics), including quantum field theory, is a fundamental theory in physics which describes nature at the smallest scales of energy levels of atoms and subatomic particles.
New!!: History of string theory and Quantum mechanics · See more »
Quark model
In particle physics, the quark model is a classification scheme for hadrons in terms of their valence quarks—the quarks and antiquarks which give rise to the quantum numbers of the hadrons.
New!!: History of string theory and Quark model · See more »
Ralph Kronig
Ralph Kronig (March 10, 1904 – November 16, 1995) was a German American physicist.
New!!: History of string theory and Ralph Kronig · See more »
Ramond–Ramond field
In theoretical physics, Ramond–Ramond fields are differential form fields in the 10-dimensional spacetime of type II supergravity theories, which are the classical limits of type II string theory.
New!!: History of string theory and Ramond–Ramond field · See more »
Regge theory
In quantum physics, Regge theory is the study of the analytic properties of scattering as a function of angular momentum, where the angular momentum is not restricted to be an integer multiple of ħ but is allowed to take any complex value.
New!!: History of string theory and Regge theory · See more »
Relativistic quantum mechanics
In physics, relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) is any Poincaré covariant formulation of quantum mechanics (QM).
New!!: History of string theory and Relativistic quantum mechanics · See more »
RNS formalism
Ramond–Neveu–Schwarz (RNS) formalism (named after Pierre Ramond, John H. Schwarz, and André Neveu) was an early attempt to introduce fermions through the means of supersymmetry into string theory.
New!!: History of string theory and RNS formalism · See more »
Ryan Rohm
Ryan Milton Rohm (born 22 December 1957, Gastonia, North Carolina) is an American string theorist.
New!!: History of string theory and Ryan Rohm · See more »
S-duality
In theoretical physics, S-duality is an equivalence of two physical theories, which may be either quantum field theories or string theories.
New!!: History of string theory and S-duality · See more »
S-matrix
In physics, the S-matrix or scattering matrix relates the initial state and the final state of a physical system undergoing a scattering process.
New!!: History of string theory and S-matrix · See more »
S-matrix theory
S-matrix theory was a proposal for replacing local quantum field theory as the basic principle of elementary particle physics.
New!!: History of string theory and S-matrix theory · See more »
Sakata model
In particle physics, the Sakata model of hadrons was a precursor to the quark model.
New!!: History of string theory and Sakata model · See more »
Sheldon Lee Glashow
Sheldon Lee Glashow (born December 5, 1932) is a Nobel Prize winning American theoretical physicist.
New!!: History of string theory and Sheldon Lee Glashow · See more »
Shoichi Sakata
was a Japanese physicist who was internationally known for theoretical work on the subatomic particles.
New!!: History of string theory and Shoichi Sakata · See more »
Spectrum
A spectrum (plural spectra or spectrums) is a condition that is not limited to a specific set of values but can vary, without steps, across a continuum.
New!!: History of string theory and Spectrum · See more »
Spin-½
In quantum mechanics, spin is an intrinsic property of all elementary particles.
New!!: History of string theory and Spin-½ · See more »
Stanley Mandelstam
Stanley Mandelstam (12 December 1928 – 23 June 2016) was a South Africa-born American theoretical physicist of Jewish ancestry.
New!!: History of string theory and Stanley Mandelstam · See more »
Stephen Hawking
Stephen William Hawking (8 January 1942 – 14 March 2018) was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author, who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge at the time of his death.
New!!: History of string theory and Stephen Hawking · See more »
Steven Frautschi
Steven C. Frautschi (born December 6, 1933) is an American theoretical physicist, currently professor of physics emeritus at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech).
New!!: History of string theory and Steven Frautschi · See more »
String duality
String duality is a class of symmetries in physics that link different string theories, theories which assume that the fundamental building blocks of the universe are strings instead of point particles.
New!!: History of string theory and String duality · See more »
String theory
In physics, string theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called strings.
New!!: History of string theory and String theory · See more »
String theory landscape
The string theory landscape refers to the collection of possible false vacua in string theory,The number of metastable vacua is not known exactly, but commonly quoted estimates are of the order 10500.
New!!: History of string theory and String theory landscape · See more »
String vibration
A vibration in a string is a wave.
New!!: History of string theory and String vibration · See more »
Strong interaction
In particle physics, the strong interaction is the mechanism responsible for the strong nuclear force (also called the strong force or nuclear strong force), and is one of the four known fundamental interactions, with the others being electromagnetism, the weak interaction, and gravitation.
New!!: History of string theory and Strong interaction · See more »
Supergravity
In theoretical physics, supergravity (supergravity theory; SUGRA for short) is a modern field theory that combines the principles of supersymmetry and general relativity where supersymmetry obeys locality; in contrast to non-gravitational supersymmetric theories such as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model.
New!!: History of string theory and Supergravity · See more »
Supermembranes
Supermembranes are hypothesized objects that live in the 11 dimensional theory called M-Theory and should also exist in 11 dimensional supergravity.
New!!: History of string theory and Supermembranes · See more »
Superstring theory
Superstring theory is an attempt to explain all of the particles and fundamental forces of nature in one theory by modeling them as vibrations of tiny supersymmetric strings.
New!!: History of string theory and Superstring theory · See more »
Supersymmetry
In particle physics, supersymmetry (SUSY) is a theory that proposes a relationship between two basic classes of elementary particles: bosons, which have an integer-valued spin, and fermions, which have a half-integer spin.
New!!: History of string theory and Supersymmetry · See more »
T-duality
In theoretical physics, T-duality is an equivalence of two physical theories, which may be either quantum field theories or string theories.
New!!: History of string theory and T-duality · See more »
Tachyon
A tachyon or tachyonic particle is a hypothetical particle that always moves faster than light.
New!!: History of string theory and Tachyon · See more »
Tachyon condensation
Tachyon condensation is a process in particle physics in which a system can lower its energy by spontaneously producing particles.
New!!: History of string theory and Tachyon condensation · See more »
Tamiaki Yoneya
(born 1947) is a Japanese physicist.
New!!: History of string theory and Tamiaki Yoneya · See more »
The Elegant Universe
The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory is a book by Brian Greene published in 1999, which introduces string and superstring theory, and provides a comprehensive though non-technical assessment of the theory and some of its shortcomings.
New!!: History of string theory and The Elegant Universe · See more »
Tullio Regge
Tullio Eugenio Regge (July 11, 1931 – October 23, 2014) was an Italian theoretical physicist.
New!!: History of string theory and Tullio Regge · See more »
Type I string theory
In theoretical physics, type I string theory is one of five consistent supersymmetric string theories in ten dimensions.
New!!: History of string theory and Type I string theory · See more »
Type II string theory
In theoretical physics, type II string theory is a unified term that includes both type IIA strings and type IIB strings theories.
New!!: History of string theory and Type II string theory · See more »
U-duality
In physics, U-duality (short for unified duality) is a symmetry of string theory or M-theory combining S-duality and T-duality transformations.
New!!: History of string theory and U-duality · See more »
Unified field theory
In physics, a unified field theory (UFT) is a type of field theory that allows all that is usually thought of as fundamental forces and elementary particles to be written in terms of a pair of physical and virtual fields.
New!!: History of string theory and Unified field theory · See more »
Unitarity (physics)
In quantum physics, unitarity is a restriction on the allowed evolution of quantum systems that ensures the sum of probabilities of all possible outcomes of any event always equals 1.
New!!: History of string theory and Unitarity (physics) · See more »
University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public research university in Berkeley, California.
New!!: History of string theory and University of California, Berkeley · See more »
Veneziano amplitude
In theoretical physics, the Veneziano amplitude refers to the discovery made in 1968 by Italian theoretical physicist Gabriele Veneziano that the Euler beta function, when interpreted as a scattering amplitude, has many of the features needed to explain the physical properties of strongly interacting mesons, such as symmetry and duality.
New!!: History of string theory and Veneziano amplitude · See more »
Vladimir Gribov
Vladimir Naumovich Gribov (Russian Влади́мир Нау́мович Гри́бов; March 25, 1930, LeningradAugust 13, 1997, Budapest) was a prominent Russian theoretical physicist, who worked on high-energy physics, quantum field theory and the Regge theory of the strong interactions.
New!!: History of string theory and Vladimir Gribov · See more »
Werner Heisenberg
Werner Karl Heisenberg (5 December 1901 – 1 February 1976) was a German theoretical physicist and one of the key pioneers of quantum mechanics.
New!!: History of string theory and Werner Heisenberg · See more »
Werner Nahm
Werner Nahm (born 21 March 1949) is a German theoretical physicist, with the status of professor.
New!!: History of string theory and Werner Nahm · See more »
Western world
The Western world refers to various nations depending on the context, most often including at least part of Europe and the Americas.
New!!: History of string theory and Western world · See more »
Yoichiro Nambu
was a Japanese-American physicist and professor at the University of Chicago.
New!!: History of string theory and Yoichiro Nambu · See more »
Redirects here:
1st superstring revolution, 2nd superstring revolution, First Superstring Revolution, First superstring revolution, History of superstring theory, Second Superstring Revolution, Second superstring revolution, Superstring revolution.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_string_theory
