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Connecticut Western Reserve

Index Connecticut Western Reserve

The Connecticut Western Reserve was a portion of land claimed by the Colony of Connecticut and later by the state of Connecticut in what is now mostly the northeastern region of Ohio. [1]

91 relations: Akron, Ohio, American Revolutionary War, Andrew Ellicott, Ashland County, Ohio, Ashtabula County, Ohio, Ashtabula, Ohio, Aurora, Ohio, Bath Township, Summit County, Ohio, California, Canfield, Ohio, Case Western Reserve University, Chagrin Falls, Ohio, Charles II of England, Cleveland, Connecticut, Connecticut Colony, Connecticut Land Company, County (United States), Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Cuyahoga River, Erie County, Ohio, Federal architecture, Firelands, Gates Mills, Ohio, Geauga County, Ohio, Georgian architecture, Greater Cleveland, Greek Revival architecture, H2g2, Hudson, Ohio, Huron County, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Lake County, Ohio, Lake Erie, Land Ordinance of 1785, Library of Congress, Lorain County, Ohio, Mahoning County, Ohio, Medina County, Ohio, Medina, Ohio, Meridian (geography), Michigan, Milan, Ohio, Moses Cleaveland, National Aviation Heritage Area, National Heritage Area, Native Americans in the United States, Nebraska, ..., Nevada, New England, New London, Ohio, Northeast Ohio, Northwest Territory, Norwalk, Ohio, Oberlin, Ohio, Ohio, Ohio and Erie Canal, Ohio Lands, Ottawa County, Ohio, Ox-Cart Library, Painesville, Ohio, Pennamite–Yankee War, Pennsylvania, Poland, Ohio, Portage County, Ohio, Public Square, Cleveland, Ravenna, Ohio, State cessions, Stow, Ohio, Suffield, Connecticut, Summit County, Ohio, Surveying, Tallmadge, Ohio, Township (United States), Treaty of Fort Industry, Treaty of Greenville, Trumbull County, Ohio, U.S. Route 224, Utah, Warren, Ohio, Wayne County, Ohio, Western Reserve Academy, Western Reserve Historical Society, Westmoreland County, Connecticut, Willard, Ohio, Wyoming, Youngstown, Ohio, 41st parallel north, 42nd parallel north. Expand index (41 more) »

Akron, Ohio

Akron is the fifth-largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Summit County.

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American Revolutionary War

The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.

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Andrew Ellicott

Andrew Ellicott (January 24, 1754 – August 28, 1820) was a U.S. surveyor who helped map many of the territories west of the Appalachians, surveyed the boundaries of the District of Columbia, continued and completed Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant's work on the plan for Washington, D.C., and served as a teacher in survey methods for Meriwether Lewis.

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Ashland County, Ohio

Ashland County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio.

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Ashtabula County, Ohio

Ashtabula County is the northeasternmost county in the U.S. state of Ohio.

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Ashtabula, Ohio

Ashtabula is a city in Ashtabula County, Ohio, United States, and the center of the Ashtabula Micropolitan Statistical Area (as defined by the United States Census Bureau in 2003).

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Aurora, Ohio

Aurora is a city in Portage County, Ohio, United States.

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Bath Township, Summit County, Ohio

Bath Township is one of the nine townships of Summit County, Ohio, United States.

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California

California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.

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Canfield, Ohio

Canfield is a suburban city located in Mahoning County, Ohio, United States, at the intersection of U.S. Route 224 and State Route 46/U.S. Route 62, about ten miles southwest of Youngstown.

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Case Western Reserve University

Case Western Reserve University (also known as Case Western Reserve, Case Western, Case, and CWRU) is a private doctorate-granting university in Cleveland, Ohio.

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Chagrin Falls, Ohio

Chagrin Falls is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States and is a suburb of Cleveland in Northeast Ohio's Cleveland-Akron-Canton metropolitan area, the 15th-largest Combined Statistical Area nationwide.

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Charles II of England

Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was king of England, Scotland and Ireland.

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Cleveland

Cleveland is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio, and the county seat of Cuyahoga County.

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Connecticut

Connecticut is the southernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.

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Connecticut Colony

The Connecticut Colony or Colony of Connecticut, originally known as the Connecticut River Colony or simply the River Colony, was an English colony in North America that became the U.S. state of Connecticut.

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Connecticut Land Company

The Connecticut Company or Connecticut Land Company (e.-1795) was a post-colonial land speculation company formed in the late eighteenth century to survey and encourage settlement in the eastern parts of the newly chartered Connecticut Western Reserve of the former "Ohio Country" and a prized-part of the Northwest Territory)—a post-American Revolutionary period region, that was part of the lands-claims settlement adjudicated by the new United States government regarding the contentious conflicting claims by various Eastern Seaboard states on lands west of the gaps of the Allegheny draining into the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio Rivers. Under the arrangement, all the states gave up their land claims west of the Alleghenies to the Federal government save for parts parceled out to each claimant state. Western Pennsylvania was Pennsylvania's part, and the Connecticut Western Reserve was the part aportioned to Connecticut's claim. The specific Connecticut Western Reserve lands were the northeastern part of the greater Mississippi drainage basin lands just west of those defined as part of Pennsylvania's claims settlement (Western Pennsylvania). The Western Reserve is located in Northeast Ohio with its hub being Cleveland. In 1795, the Connecticut Land Company bought three million acres (12,000 km²) of the Western Reserve. Settlers used the guidelines of the Land Ordinance of 1785, which demanded the owners survey the land before settlement. In 1796, the company began surveys and sales on property east of Cuyahoga. The original proprietors, 57 of the wealthiest and most prominent men in Connecticut, included Oliver Phelps, the largest subscriber and chief manager of the project. In 1796, one of the largest shareholders, Moses Cleaveland, planned a settlement on the banks of the Cuyahoga River with Seth Pease. This planned settlement would become the city of Cleveland.DeRogatis, p. 22. The Deeds for the land were executed as follows: Company Introduction The Connecticut Land Company was a company set up by a group of private investors in 1795 with the aim of making a profit from land sales. Towards that end, the company bought a large portion of the eastern part of the Western Connecticut Reserves. However, poor company management and political uncertainty led to weak land sales, slow economic development, and ultimately company failure in 1809. Despite its short existence, the Connecticut Land Company was instrumental in the development of the region and left a lasting impact on the landscape. One of the most important legacies of the Connecticut Land Company was the establishment of the settlement of Cleveland. Key Company Figures The ownership of the company was made up of a syndicate of 35 purchasing groups representing a total of 58 individual investors. The leader of this group and the head of the Connecticut Land Company was Oliver Phelps. He was the single largest investor in the company and the head manager of this investment project. Another key figure in the company was Moses Cleaveland, one of the company’s first directors. He was in charge of conducting the first company survey of the Western Connecticut Reserves in 1796. Moses Cleaveland successfully negotiated a treaty with the Iroquois, who gave up all of their land claims east of the Cuyahoga River. He also founded a settlement named after him that would later become the city “Cleveland” due to a cartographic error. Company Background In 1795, the Connecticut Land Company paid the state of Connecticut $1.2 million for three million acres of its Western Reserve lands. The $1.2 million raised by the state was used to fund public education. This allowed Connecticut to expand its public school system and improve its educational facilities. With regards to the land purchased by the company, it was divided into 1.2 million shares. On September 5, 1795, the company adopted articles of association, and each purchasing group was given a proportional share of the land commensurate with the amount of capital invested. The main purpose of the Connecticut Land Company was the pursuit of profits through the sale of the lands to both land speculators and settlers. Land would usually be sold many times between speculators and investors before it would be sold to someone who would actually settle it. Due to weak land sales, the company was forced to lower prices and give away free land in order to encourage settlement. The problems that forced the company to lower prices would ultimately force the company into bankruptcy. Company’s Problems One of the problems that befell the Connecticut Land Company was company mismanagement. Sales efforts by the company were not centrally organized. The company did not even set up a marketing office in the Western Reserve to promote sales of land. Without an organized, concerted sales campaign by the company, their efforts to sell the land were mostly unsuccessful. In fact, only 1000 people had settled in the region by 1800. The other problem that beset the company and hurt land sales was political uncertainty surrounding the Connecticut Western Reserves. The political confusion concerned the right to govern the land and the legitimacy of the land titles. There were disputes between the Northwest Territory and the state of Connecticut over who had the right to govern the land purchased by the company. In addition, the company wanted Connecticut to guarantee the land titles that the company issues, but Connecticut refused. As a result of this uncertain surrounding the legality of land titles and jurisdiction, many would-be settlers decided not to come. Making settlement even less attractive was the fact that the US government did not recognize the Western Reserve as part of the Northwest Territory until 1800. In practice this means that the US government did not provide settlers with legal or military protection. Then, on April 28, 1800, the Quieting Act was signed by President Adams into law. The Quieting Act established Connecticut’s right to govern the land and guaranteed the legality of the land titles granted by the Connecticut Land Company. This was meant to encourage and speed up settlement and development of the region. Although this act resolved the problem of political uncertainty, continued poor company management meant that few settlers came. More significant development of the region would have to wait until after the War of 1812. Company Bankruptcy As a result of weak land sales stemming from company mismanagement and political uncertainty, the Connecticut Land Company failed to reach profitability. In 1809, a mere fourteen years after incorporation, the company faced bankruptcy and was dissolved. All of the remaining land was divided evenly among the investors of the company. At that time, the company still owed a large amount of debt and was delinquent in its interest payments.

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County (United States)

In the United States, an administrative or political subdivision of a state is a county, which is a region having specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority.

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Cuyahoga County, Ohio

Cuyahoga County (or or) is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio.

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Cuyahoga River

The Cuyahoga River is a river in the United States, located in Northeast Ohio, that feeds into Lake Erie.

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Erie County, Ohio

Erie County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio.

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Federal architecture

Federal-style architecture is the name for the classicizing architecture built in the newly founded United States between c. 1780 and 1830, and particularly from 1785 to 1815.

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Firelands

The Firelands, or Sufferers' Lands, tract was located at the western end of the Connecticut Western Reserve in what is now the U.S. state of Ohio.

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Gates Mills, Ohio

Gates Mills is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States.

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Geauga County, Ohio

Geauga County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio.

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Georgian architecture

Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830.

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Greater Cleveland

The Cleveland metropolitan area, or Greater Cleveland as it is more commonly known, is the metropolitan area surrounding the city of Cleveland in Northeast Ohio, United States.

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Greek Revival architecture

The Greek Revival was an architectural movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, predominantly in Northern Europe and the United States.

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H2g2

The h2g2 website is a British-based collaborative online encyclopedia project.

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Hudson, Ohio

Hudson is a city in Summit County, Ohio, United States.

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Huron County, Ohio

Huron County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio.

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Illinois

Illinois is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.

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Indiana

Indiana is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America.

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Iowa

Iowa is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri and Big Sioux rivers to the west.

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Lake County, Ohio

Lake County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio.

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Lake Erie

Lake Erie is the fourth-largest lake (by surface area) of the five Great Lakes in North America, and the eleventh-largest globally if measured in terms of surface area.

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Land Ordinance of 1785

The Land Ordinance of 1785 was adopted by the United States Congress of the Confederation on May 20, 1785.

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Library of Congress

The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States.

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Lorain County, Ohio

Lorain County is a county in northeastern Ohio.

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Mahoning County, Ohio

Mahoning County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio.

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Medina County, Ohio

Medina County (pronounced) is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio.

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Medina, Ohio

Medina is a city in Medina County, Ohio approximately 33 mi (53 km) south of Cleveland and 23 mi (37 km) west of Akron.

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Meridian (geography)

A (geographical) meridian (or line of longitude) is the half of an imaginary great circle on the Earth's surface, terminated by the North Pole and the South Pole, connecting points of equal longitude.

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Michigan

Michigan is a state in the Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States.

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Milan, Ohio

Milan is a village in Erie and Huron counties in the U.S. state of Ohio.

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Moses Cleaveland

Moses Cleaveland (January 29, 1754 – November 16, 1806) was a lawyer, politician, soldier and surveyor, from Connecticut who founded the U.S. city of Cleveland, Ohio, while surveying the Western Reserve in 1796.

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National Aviation Heritage Area

The National Aviation Heritage Area is a federally designated National Heritage Area consolidating more than fifteen aviation-related sites in the Dayton, Ohio area into a cooperative marketing and administrative framework.

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National Heritage Area

A National Heritage Area is a site designated by United States and intended to encourage historic preservation of the area and an appreciation of the history and heritage of the site.

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Native Americans in the United States

Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States.

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Nebraska

Nebraska is a state that lies in both the Great Plains and the Midwestern United States.

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Nevada

Nevada (see pronunciations) is a state in the Western, Mountain West, and Southwestern regions of the United States of America.

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New England

New England is a geographical region comprising six states of the northeastern United States: Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut.

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New London, Ohio

New London is a village in Huron County, Ohio, United States.

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Northeast Ohio

Northeast Ohio refers to the northeastern region of the U.S. state of Ohio.

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Northwest Territory

The Northwest Territory in the United States was formed after the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), and was known formally as the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio.

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Norwalk, Ohio

Norwalk is a city in and the county seat of Huron County, Ohio, United States.

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Oberlin, Ohio

Oberlin is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, United States, southwest of Cleveland.

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Ohio

Ohio is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States.

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Ohio and Erie Canal

The Ohio and Erie Canal was a canal constructed during the 1820s and early 1830s in Ohio.

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Ohio Lands

The Ohio Lands were the several grants, tracts, districts and cessions which make up what is now the U.S. state of Ohio.

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Ottawa County, Ohio

Ottawa County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio.

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Ox-Cart Library

The Oxcart Library is a circulating public library located in the city of North Olmsted, Ohio, United States, the first in the Western Reserve.

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Painesville, Ohio

Painesville is a city in and the county seat of Lake County, Ohio, United States, located along the Grand River.

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Pennamite–Yankee War

The Pennamite–Yankee Wars or Yankee–Pennamite Wars were a series of conflicts consisting of the First Pennamite War (1769–1770), the Second Pennamite War (1774), and the Third Pennamite War (1784), in which the Wyoming Valley along the North Branch of the Susquehanna River was disputed between settlers from Connecticut (Yankees) and Pennsylvania (Pennamites).

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Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania German: Pennsylvaani or Pennsilfaani), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.

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Poland, Ohio

Poland is a village about southeast of Youngstown in Mahoning County, Ohio, United States.

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Portage County, Ohio

Portage County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio.

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Public Square, Cleveland

Public Square is the four-block central plaza of downtown Cleveland, Ohio.

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Ravenna, Ohio

Ravenna is a city in Portage County, Ohio, United States.

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State cessions

The state cessions are those areas of the United States that the separate states ceded to the federal government in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

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Stow, Ohio

Stow is a city in Summit County, Ohio, United States.

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Suffield, Connecticut

Suffield is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States.

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Summit County, Ohio

Summit County is an urban county in the U.S. state of Ohio.

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Surveying

Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them.

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Tallmadge, Ohio

Tallmadge (often mispronounced) is a city in Summit and Portage counties in Ohio, United States.

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Township (United States)

A township in the United States is a small geographic area.

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Treaty of Fort Industry

The Treaty of Fort Industry was a successor treaty to the Treaty of Greenville, which moved the eastern boundary of Indian lands in northern Ohio from the Tuscarawas River and Cuyahoga River westward to a line 120 miles west of the Pennsylvania boundary, which coincided with the western boundary of the Firelands of the Connecticut Western Reserve.

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Treaty of Greenville

The Treaty of Greenville was signed on August 3, 1795, at Fort Greenville, now Greenville, Ohio; it followed negotiations after the Native American loss at the Battle of Fallen Timbers a year earlier.

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Trumbull County, Ohio

Trumbull County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio.

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U.S. Route 224

U.S. Route 224 (US 224) is a spur of US 24 that runs through the states of Indiana, Ohio and Pennsylvania.

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Utah

Utah is a state in the western United States.

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Warren, Ohio

Warren is a city in and the County seat of Trumbull County, Ohio, United States.

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Wayne County, Ohio

Wayne County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio.

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Western Reserve Academy

Western Reserve Academy (WRA or simply Reserve) is a private, midsized, coeducational boarding and day college preparatory school located in Hudson, Ohio.

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Western Reserve Historical Society

The Western Reserve Historical Society (WRHS) was founded in 1867, making it the oldest cultural institution in Northeast Ohio.

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Westmoreland County, Connecticut

Westmoreland County, Connecticut was a county established by the State of Connecticut in the present-day area of Wyoming Valley, in northeastern Pennsylvania.

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Willard, Ohio

Willard is a city in Huron County, Ohio, United States approximately 14 mi (23 km) SW of Norwalk.

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Wyoming

Wyoming is a state in the mountain region of the western United States.

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Youngstown, Ohio

Youngstown is a city in and the county seat of Mahoning County in the U.S. state of Ohio, with small portions extending into Trumbull County.

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41st parallel north

The 41st parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 41 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.

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42nd parallel north

The 42nd parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 42 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.

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Redirects here:

Connecticut Reserve, The Connecticut Western Reserve, Western Reserve, Western Reserve of Ohio, Western reserve.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut_Western_Reserve

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