97 relations: Aide-de-camp, Alexander McKee, American Revolutionary War, Appalachian Mountains, Arent DePeyster, Baltic Germans, Baltic knighthoods, Battle of Blue Licks, Bird's invasion of Kentucky, Blacksnake (Shawnee), Butler's Rangers, Captain Pipe, Captivity narrative, Carey, Ohio, Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, Colonel (United States), Congress of the Confederation, Continental Army, Cornstalk, Council of Three Fires, Crawford County, Ohio, Crawford's Defeat by the Indians, Cuyahoga River, Daniel Boone, Daniel Brodhead IV, David Williamson (Pennsylvania), David Zeisberger, Death by burning, Detroit, Dunquat, Edward Hand, Feu de joie, Fort McIntosh (Pennsylvania), Fort Pitt (Pennsylvania), Frederick Haldimand, Fur trade, George Rogers Clark, George Washington, Gnadenhutten massacre, Governor General of Canada, Governorate of Estonia, Great Miami River, Gustave Rosenthal, Guyasuta, Hannastown, Pennsylvania, Hugh Henry Brackenridge, Indian Department, Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous peoples of the Eastern Woodlands, James Brenton (1740–1782), ..., John B. McClelland, John Heckewelder, Kentucky, Kingdom of Great Britain, Lenape, Lochry's Defeat, Logan County, Ohio, Lord Dunmore's War, Mad River (Ohio), Matthew Elliott (loyalist), Militia (United States), Mingo, Mingo Junction, Ohio, Moravian Church, National memory, Native Americans in the United States, Northwest Indian War, Ohio, Ohio Country, Ohio History Connection, Ohio River, Olentangy River, Pennsylvania, Running the gauntlet, Sandusky River, Scalping, Shawnee, Siege of Yorktown, Simon Girty, Thomas Gaddis, Torture, Treaty of Fort Pitt, United States, Upper Sandusky, Upper Sandusky, Ohio, Virginia, Wakatomika, Washington County, Pennsylvania, West Liberty, Ohio, West Virginia, Western theater of the American Revolutionary War, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, White Eyes, William Caldwell (ranger), William Crawford (soldier), William Irvine (general), Wyandot people. Expand index (47 more) »
Aide-de-camp
An aide-de-camp (French expression meaning literally helper in the military camp) is a personal assistant or secretary to a person of high rank, usually a senior military, police or government officer, a member of a royal family, or a head of state.
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Alexander McKee
Alexander McKee (ca. 1735 – 15 January 1799) was an agent in the British Indian Department during the French and Indian War, the American Revolutionary War, and the Northwest Indian War.
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American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.
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Appalachian Mountains
The Appalachian Mountains (les Appalaches), often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America.
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Arent DePeyster
Arent Schuyler DePeyster (27 June 1736 – 26 November 1822) was a British military officer best known for his term as commandant of the British controlled Fort Michilimackinac and Fort Detroit during the American Revolution.
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Baltic Germans
The Baltic Germans (Deutsch-Balten or Deutschbalten, later Baltendeutsche) are ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, in what today are Estonia and Latvia.
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Baltic knighthoods
Baltic Noble Corporations of Courland, Livonia, Estonia, and Oesel (Ösel) were medieval fiefdoms formed by German nobles in the 13th century under vassalage to the Teutonic Knights and Denmark in modern Latvia and Estonia.
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Battle of Blue Licks
The Battle of Blue Licks, fought on August 19, 1782, was one of the last battles of the American Revolutionary War.
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Bird's invasion of Kentucky
Bird's invasion of Kentucky during the American Revolutionary War was one phase of an extensive planned series of operations planned by the British in 1780, whereby the entire West, from Quebec to the Gulf of Mexico, was to be swept clear of both Spanish and colonial resistance.
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Blacksnake (Shawnee)
Black Snake, aka She-me-ne-to or Shemeneto, was the principal war chief of the Shawnee tribe of Native Americans during the American War for Independence.
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Butler's Rangers
Butler's Rangers (1777–1784) was a Loyalist, British provincial military unit of the American Revolutionary War, raised by Loyalist John Butler.
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Captain Pipe
Captain Pipe (c. 1725? – c. 1818?) (Lenape), called Konieschquanoheel and also known as Hopocan, was an 18th-century chief of the Algonquian-speaking Lenape (Delaware) and a member of the Wolf Clan.
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Captivity narrative
Captivity narratives are usually stories of people captured by enemies whom they consider uncivilized, or whose beliefs and customs they oppose.
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Carey, Ohio
Carey is a village in Wyandot County, Ohio, United States.
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Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis
Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis KG, PC (31 December 1738 – 5 October 1805), styled Viscount Brome between 1753 and 1762 and known as The Earl Cornwallis between 1762 and 1792, was a British Army general and official.
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Colonel (United States)
In the United States Army, Marine Corps, and Air Force, colonel is the most senior field grade military officer rank, immediately above the rank of lieutenant colonel and immediately below the rank of brigadier general.
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Congress of the Confederation
The Congress of the Confederation, or the Confederation Congress, formally referred to as the United States in Congress Assembled, was the governing body of the United States of America that existed from March 1, 1781, to March 4, 1789.
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Continental Army
The Continental Army was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America.
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Cornstalk
Cornstalk (Shawnee: Hokoleskwa or Hokolesqua) (ca. 1720 – November 10, 1777) was a prominent leader of the Shawnee nation just prior to the American Revolution (1775-1783).
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Council of Three Fires
The Council of Three Fires (in Anishinaabe: Niswi-mishkodewin) are also known as the People of the Three Fires; the Three Fires Confederacy; or the United Nations of Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatomi Indians.
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Crawford County, Ohio
Crawford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio.
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Crawford's Defeat by the Indians
"Crawford’s Defeat by the Indians" is an early American folk ballad principally written by Doctor John Knight, survivor of the 1782 Crawford Expedition.
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Cuyahoga River
The Cuyahoga River is a river in the United States, located in Northeast Ohio, that feeds into Lake Erie.
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Daniel Boone
Daniel Boone (September 26, 1820) was an American pioneer, explorer, woodsman, and frontiersman, whose frontier exploits made him one of the first folk heroes of the United States.
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Daniel Brodhead IV
Daniel Brodhead IV (October 17, 1736 – November 15, 1809) was an American military and political leader during the American Revolutionary War and early days of the United States.
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David Williamson (Pennsylvania)
David Williamson (1752–1814) was a Colonel in the Pennsylvania militia during the American Revolutionary War.
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David Zeisberger
David Zeisberger (April 11, 1721 – November 17, 1808) was a Moravian clergyman and missionary among the Native Americans in the Thirteen Colonies.
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Death by burning
Deliberately causing death through the effects of combustion, or effects of exposure to extreme heat, has a long history as a form of capital punishment.
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Detroit
Detroit is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the largest city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of Wayne County.
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Dunquat
Dunquat (Petawontakas, Dunquad, Daunghquat; Delaware name, Pomoacan), known as the Half-King of the Wyandot people, sided with the Kingdom of Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War.
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Edward Hand
Edward Hand (31 December 1744 – 3 September 1802) was an Irish-born soldier, physician, and politician who served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, rising to the rank of general, and later was a member of several Pennsylvania governmental bodies.
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Feu de joie
A feu de joie (French: "fire of joy") is a form of formal celebratory gunfire consisting of a celebratory rifle salute, described as a "running fire of guns." As soldiers fire into the air sequentially in rapid succession, the cascade of blank rounds produces a characteristic "rat-tat-tat" effect.
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Fort McIntosh (Pennsylvania)
Fort McIntosh was an early American log frontier fort situated near the confluence of the Ohio River and the Beaver River in what is now Beaver, Pennsylvania.
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Fort Pitt (Pennsylvania)
Fort Pitt was a fort built by British colonists during the Seven Years' War at the confluence of the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers, where the Ohio River is formed in western Pennsylvania (modern day Pittsburgh).
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Frederick Haldimand
Sir Frederick Haldimand, KB (August 11, 1718 – June 5, 1791) was a military officer best known for his service in the British Army in North America during the Seven Years' War and the American Revolutionary War.
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Fur trade
The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur.
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George Rogers Clark
George Rogers Clark (November 19, 1752 – February 13, 1818) was an American surveyor, soldier, and militia officer from Virginia who became the highest ranking American military officer on the northwestern frontier during the American Revolutionary War.
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George Washington
George Washington (February 22, 1732 –, 1799), known as the "Father of His Country," was an American soldier and statesman who served from 1789 to 1797 as the first President of the United States.
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Gnadenhutten massacre
The Gnadenhutten massacre, also known as the Moravian massacre, was the killing of 96 Christian Lenape (Delaware) by colonial American militia from Pennsylvania on March 8, 1782 at the Moravian missionary village of Gnadenhutten, Ohio during the American Revolutionary War.
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Governor General of Canada
The Governor General of Canada (Gouverneure générale du Canada) is the federal viceregal representative of the.
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Governorate of Estonia
The Governorate of Est(h)onia (Eestimaa kubermang) or Duchy of Estonia, also known as the Government of Estonia, was a governorate of the Russian Empire in what is now northern Estonia.
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Great Miami River
The Great Miami River (also called the Miami River) (Shawnee: Msimiyamithiipi) is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately long,U.S. Geological Survey.
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Gustave Rosenthal
Gustavus Heinrich de Rosenthal (1753–1829) was a Baltic German soldier and member of the Baltic nobility born in Vaimõisa, present-day Estonia, with the Title of Baron and last name of von Wetter-Rosenthal, a junior line of the von Wetter-Tegenfelden's.
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Guyasuta
Guyasuta (c. 1725–c. 1794) was an important leader of the Seneca people in the second half of the eighteenth century, playing a central role in the diplomacy and warfare of that era.
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Hannastown, Pennsylvania
Hannastown is an unincorporated community and important historical and archaeological site located in Hempfield Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania.
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Hugh Henry Brackenridge
Hugh Henry Brackenridge (1748June 25, 1816) was an American writer, lawyer, judge, and justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.
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Indian Department
The Indian Department was established in 1755 to oversee relations between the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and those First Nations in British North America.
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Indigenous peoples of the Americas
The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas and their descendants. Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting and gathering. In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, chiefdoms, states and empires. Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, Guaraní, Mayan languages and Nahuatl, count their speakers in millions. Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization and subsistence practices. Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects but also cater to modern needs. Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture, and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples.
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Indigenous peoples of the Eastern Woodlands
The Eastern Woodlands is a cultural area of the indigenous people of North America.
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James Brenton (1740–1782)
James Brenton (1740–1782) was an American Revolutionary War officer.
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John B. McClelland
John B. McClelland (1734–1782) was an officer in the American Revolutionary War.
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John Heckewelder
John Gottlieb Ernestus Heckewelder (March 12, 1743 – January 21, 1823) was an American missionary for the Moravian Church.
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Kentucky
Kentucky, officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state located in the east south-central region of the United States.
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Kingdom of Great Britain
The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially called simply Great Britain,Parliament of the Kingdom of England.
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Lenape
The Lenape, also called the Leni Lenape, Lenni Lenape and Delaware people, are an indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands, who live in Canada and the United States.
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Lochry's Defeat
Lochry's Defeat, also known as the Lochry massacre, was a battle fought on August 24, 1781, near present-day Aurora, Indiana, in the United States.
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Logan County, Ohio
Logan County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio.
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Lord Dunmore's War
Lord Dunmore's War — or Dunmore's War — was a 1774 conflict between the Colony of Virginia and the Shawnee and Mingo American Indian nations.
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Mad River (Ohio)
The Mad River (Shawnee: Hathennithiipi) is a stream located in the west central part of the U.S. state of Ohio.
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Matthew Elliott (loyalist)
Matthew Elliott (c. 1739 – May 7, 1814) was born in County Donegal, Ireland in 1739 and died on May 7, 1814 in Burlington, Ontario.
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Militia (United States)
The militia of the United States, as defined by the U.S. Congress, has changed over time.
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Mingo
The Mingo people are an Iroquoian-speaking group of Native Americans made up of peoples who migrated west to the Ohio Country in the mid-18th century, primarily Seneca and Cayuga.
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Mingo Junction, Ohio
Mingo Junction is a village in Jefferson County, Ohio, United States, along the Ohio River.
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Moravian Church
The Moravian Church, formally named the Unitas Fratrum (Latin for "Unity of the Brethren"), in German known as Brüdergemeine (meaning "Brethren's Congregation from Herrnhut", the place of the Church's renewal in the 18th century), is one of the oldest Protestant denominations in the world with its heritage dating back to the Bohemian Reformation in the fifteenth century and the Unity of the Brethren (Czech: Jednota bratrská) established in the Kingdom of Bohemia.
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National memory
National memory is a form of collective memory defined by shared experiences and culture.
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Native Americans in the United States
Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States.
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Northwest Indian War
The Northwest Indian War (1785–1795), also known as the Ohio War, Little Turtle's War, and by other names, was a war between the United States and a confederation of numerous Native American tribes, with support from the British, for control of the Northwest Territory.
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Ohio
Ohio is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States.
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Ohio Country
The Ohio Country (sometimes called the Ohio Territory or Ohio Valley by the French) was a name used in the 18th century for the regions of North America west of the Appalachian Mountains and in the region of the upper Ohio River south of Lake Erie.
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Ohio History Connection
Ohio History Connection is a non-profit organization incorporated in 1885 as The Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society "to promote a knowledge of archaeology and history, especially in Ohio".
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Ohio River
The Ohio River, which streams westward from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Cairo, Illinois, is the largest tributary, by volume, of the Mississippi River in the United States.
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Olentangy River
The Olentangy River is a tributary of the Scioto River in Ohio.
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Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania German: Pennsylvaani or Pennsilfaani), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.
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Running the gauntlet
To run the gauntlet is to take part in a form of corporal punishment in which the party judged guilty is forced to run between two rows of soldiers who strike out and attack them.
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Sandusky River
The Sandusky River (Shawnee: Potakihiipi) is a tributary to Lake Erie in north-central Ohio in the United States.
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Scalping
Scalping is the act of cutting or tearing a part of the human scalp, with hair attached, from the head of an enemy as a trophy.
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Shawnee
The Shawnee (Shaawanwaki, Ša˙wano˙ki and Shaawanowi lenaweeki) are an Algonquian-speaking ethnic group indigenous to North America. In colonial times they were a semi-migratory Native American nation, primarily inhabiting areas of the Ohio Valley, extending from what became Ohio and Kentucky eastward to West Virginia, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Western Maryland; south to Alabama and South Carolina; and westward to Indiana, and Illinois. Pushed west by European-American pressure, the Shawnee migrated to Missouri and Kansas, with some removed to Indian Territory (Oklahoma) west of the Mississippi River in the 1830s. Other Shawnee did not remove to Oklahoma until after the Civil War. Made up of different historical and kinship groups, today there are three federally recognized Shawnee tribes, all headquartered in Oklahoma: the Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma, and Shawnee Tribe.
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Siege of Yorktown
The Siege of Yorktown, also known as the Battle of Yorktown, the Surrender at Yorktown, German Battle or the Siege of Little York, ending on October 19, 1781, at Yorktown, Virginia, was a decisive victory by a combined force of American Continental Army troops led by General George Washington and French Army troops led by the Comte de Rochambeau over a British Army commanded by British peer and Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis.
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Simon Girty
Simon Girty (November 14, 1741 – February 18, 1818) (Sometimes referred to as Katepacomen. However, this moniker may simply have been an American invention, as was often the case with early historical anecdotes, since no such name or term appears to exist in the most likely native languages -- i.e.: Shawnee, Wyandot, Lenape or Haudenosaunee). Girty was an American colonial of Irish birth who served as a liaison between the British and their Indian allies during the American Revolution.
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Thomas Gaddis
Thomas Gaddis (1742–1834) was an officer in the American Revolutionary War.
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Torture
Torture (from the Latin tortus, "twisted") is the act of deliberately inflicting physical or psychological pain in order to fulfill some desire of the torturer or compel some action from the victim.
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Treaty of Fort Pitt
The Treaty of Fort Pitt — also known as the Treaty With the Delawares, the Delaware Treaty, or the Fourth Treaty of Pittsburgh, — was signed on September 17, 1778 and was the first written treaty between the new United States of America and any American Indians—the Lenape (Delaware Indians) in this case.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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Upper Sandusky
Upper Sandusky was a 19th-century Wyandot town named for its location at the headwaters of the Sandusky River in the United States.
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Upper Sandusky, Ohio
Upper Sandusky is a city and the county seat of Wyandot County, Ohio, United States, along the Sandusky River approximately 59 mi (96 km) south of Toledo and 62 mi (99 km) north of Columbus.
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Virginia
Virginia (officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.
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Wakatomika
Wakatomika was the name of two 18th century Shawnee villages in what is now the U.S. state of Ohio.
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Washington County, Pennsylvania
Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.
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West Liberty, Ohio
West Liberty is a village in Logan County, Ohio, United States.
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West Virginia
West Virginia is a state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States.
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Western theater of the American Revolutionary War
The Western theater of the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) was the area of conflict west of the Appalachian Mountains, the region which became the Northwest Territory of the United States as well as the states of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Missouri.
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Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Westmoreland County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.
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White Eyes
White Eyes, named Koquethagechton (c. 1730 – 5 November 1778), was a leader of the Lenape (Delaware) people in the Ohio Country during the era of the American Revolution.
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William Caldwell (ranger)
William Caldwell (b. 1750), was a Scots-Irish immigrant to North America who became a soldier with the British Indian Department.
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William Crawford (soldier)
William Crawford (2 September 1722 – 11 June 1782) was an American soldier and surveyor who worked as a western land agent for George Washington.
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William Irvine (general)
William Irvine (November 3, 1741 – July 29, 1804) was an Irish-American physician, soldier, and statesman from Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
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Wyandot people
The Wyandot people or Wendat, also called the Huron Nation and Huron people, in most historic references are believed to have been the most populous confederacy of Iroquoian cultured indigenous peoples of North America.
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Redirects here:
Battle of Sandusky, Battle of the Olentangy, Battle of the Sandusky, Crawford Expedition, Crawford's Defeat, Crawford's defeat, Sandusky Expedition, Sandusky expedition.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crawford_expedition