Table of Contents
228 relations: Aalto University, Academic degree, Academic Technology Approval Scheme, Academic tenure, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation, All but dissertation, Arthur Williams Wright, Association of American Universities, Australian National University, Australian Postgraduate Awards, Baccalauréat, Baccalaureate in Sacred Theology, Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery, Bachelor of Technology, Bachelor's degree, Bologna Process, British Council, Bucknell University, Bursary, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Candidate of Philosophy, Candidate of Sciences, Canon law, Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, CILECT, Civil law (legal system), Clark University, Collection of articles, Colombia, Columbia University Press, Comprehensive examination, Council of Canadian Academies, Curriculum, Czechoslovakia, Denmark–Norway, Der Spiegel, Diplom, Diploma, Docent, Doctor (title), Doctor of Arts, Doctor of Business Administration, Doctor of Canon Law (Catholic Church), Doctor of Civil Law, Doctor of Divinity, Doctor of Education, Doctor of Engineering, Doctor of Juridical Science, ... Expand index (178 more) »
Aalto University
Aalto University (Aalto-yliopisto; Aalto-universitetet) is a public research university located in Espoo, Finland.
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Academic degree
An academic degree is a qualification awarded to a student upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, usually at a college or university.
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Academic Technology Approval Scheme
The Academic Technology Approval Scheme (ATAS) is a scheme of the British government for certifying foreign students from outside the EU for entry into the United Kingdom to study or conduct research in certain sensitive technology-related fields.
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Academic tenure
Tenure is a category of academic appointment existing in some countries.
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Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
The Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) is an Indian institute of national importance, headquartered at the CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh.
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Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation
The Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation (Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación), also known as Colciencias, was a Colombian government agency that supported fundamental and applied research in Colombia.
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All but dissertation
"All but dissertation" (ABD) is a term identifying a stage in the process of obtaining a research doctorate, most commonly used in the United States. Doctor of Philosophy and All but dissertation are doctoral degrees.
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Arthur Williams Wright
Arthur Williams Wright (September 8, 1836 – December 19, 1915) was an American physicist.
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Association of American Universities
The Association of American Universities (AAU) is an organization of American research universities devoted to maintaining a strong system of academic research and education.
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Australian National University
The Australian National University (ANU) is a public research university and member of the Group of Eight, located in Canberra, the capital of Australia.
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Australian Postgraduate Awards
The Australian Postgraduate Awards (APA) was a scholarship, founded by the Australian Federal Government, designed to support postgraduate research training, which was awarded to students of "exceptional research potential".
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Baccalauréat
The baccalauréat, often known in France colloquially as the bac, is a French national academic qualification that students can obtain at the completion of their secondary education (at the end of the lycée) by meeting certain requirements.
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Baccalaureate in Sacred Theology
The Baccalaureate in Sacred Theology (Sacrae Theologiae Baccalaureus; abbreviated BTh or STB), not to be confused with a Bachelor of Arts in Theology, is the first of three ecclesiastical degrees in theology (the second being the Licentiate in Sacred Theology and the third being the Doctorate in Sacred Theology) which are conferred by a number of pontifical faculties around the world.
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Bachelor of Arts
A Bachelor of Arts (abbreviated B.A., BA, A.B. or AB; from the Latin baccalaureus artium, baccalaureus in artibus, or artium baccalaureus) is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the liberal arts, or, in some cases, other disciplines.
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Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
A Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (Medicinae Baccalaureus, Baccalaureus Chirurgiae; MBBS, also abbreviated as BM BS, MB ChB, MB BCh, or MB BChir) is a medical degree granted by medical schools or universities in countries that adhere to the United Kingdom's higher education tradition.
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Bachelor of Technology
A Bachelor of Technology (Latin Baccalaureus Technologiae; B.Tech.) is an undergraduate academic degree in the field of engineering and technology conferred after the completion of a four-to-five-year program of studies at an accredited university or accredited higher education institution, such as a college or university in India and other countries.
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Bachelor's degree
A bachelor's degree (from Medieval Latin baccalaureus) or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin baccalaureatus) is an undergraduate degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to six years (depending on institution and academic discipline).
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Bologna Process
The Bologna Process is a series of ministerial meetings and agreements between European countries to ensure comparability in the standards and quality of higher-education qualifications.
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British Council
The British Council is a British organisation specialising in international cultural and educational opportunities.
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Bucknell University
Bucknell University is a private liberal-arts college in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, United States.
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Bursary
A bursary is a monetary award made by any educational institution or funding authority to individuals or groups.
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Canadian Institutes of Health Research
The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR; Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada; IRSC) is a federal agency responsible for funding health and medical research in Canada.
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Candidate of Philosophy
Candidate of Philosophy can refer to the US degree or status of Candidate in Philosophy (C.Phil. or Ph.C.) granted to Ph.D. students who have been accepted as candidates for that degree, or (as a direct translation) to degrees or former degrees at bachelor's or master's level from some Scandinavian countries. Doctor of Philosophy and candidate of Philosophy are doctoral degrees.
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Candidate of Sciences
A Candidate of Sciences or Candidate of Science (translit, translit, translit) is the first of two doctoral level scientific degrees in Russia, some of the Commonwealth of Independent States and was the first of two doctoral level degrees in some other countries (Czechia, Slovakia, Ukraine, etc.). It is formally classified as UNESCO's ISCED level 8, "doctoral or equivalent." It may be recognized as a Doctor of Philosophy, usually in natural sciences, by scientific institutions in other countries. Doctor of Philosophy and Candidate of Sciences are doctoral degrees.
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Canon law
Canon law (from κανών, kanon, a 'straight measuring rod, ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (church leadership) for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members.
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Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching
The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (CFAT) is a U.S.-based education policy and research center.
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CILECT
The International Association of Film and Television Schools (French: Centre international de liaison des écoles de cinéma et de télévision, CILECT) is the association of the world's major film and television schools.
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Civil law (legal system)
Civil law is a legal system originating in Italy and France that has been adopted in large parts of the world.
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Clark University
Clark University is a private research university in Worcester, Massachusetts.
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Collection of articles
A thesis as a collection of articles, University of reading, UK. Doctor of Philosophy and collection of articles are doctoral degrees.
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Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with insular regions in North America.
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Columbia University Press
Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City, and affiliated with Columbia University.
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Comprehensive examination
In higher education, a comprehensive examination (or comprehensive exam or exams), often abbreviated as "comps", is a specific type of examination that must be completed by graduate students in some disciplines and courses of study, and also by undergraduate students in some institutions and departments.
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Council of Canadian Academies
The Council of Canadian Academies (CCA) (Conseil des académies canadiennes, CAC) was created to perform independent, expert assessments of the science that is relevant to important public issues.
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Curriculum
In education, a curriculum (curriculums or curricula) is the totality of student experiences that occur in an educational process.
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Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia (Czech and Československo, Česko-Slovensko) was a landlocked state in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary.
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Denmark–Norway
Denmark–Norway (Danish and Norwegian: Danmark–Norge) is a term for the 16th-to-19th-century multi-national and multi-lingual real unionFeldbæk 1998:11 consisting of the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Norway (including the then Norwegian overseas possessions: the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and other possessions), the Duchy of Schleswig, and the Duchy of Holstein.
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Der Spiegel
(stylized in all caps) is a German weekly news magazine published in Hamburg.
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Diplom
A Diplom (from δίπλωμα diploma) is an academic degree in the German-speaking countries Germany, Austria, and Switzerland and a similarly named degree in some other European countries including Albania, Bulgaria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine and only for engineers in France, Greece, Hungary, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, and Brazil.
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Diploma
A diploma is a document awarded by an educational institution (such as a college or university) testifying the recipient has graduated by successfully completing their courses of studies.
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Docent
The title of docent is conferred by some European universities to denote a specific academic appointment within a set structure of academic ranks at or below the full professor rank, similar to a British readership, a French ''maître de conférences'' (MCF), and equal to or above the title of assistant professor.
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Doctor (title)
Doctor is an academic title that originates from the Latin word of the same spelling and meaning. Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor (title) are doctoral degrees.
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Doctor of Arts
The Doctor of Arts (D.A.; occasionally D.Arts or Art.D. from the Latin artium doctor) is a discipline-based terminal doctoral degree that was originally conceived and designed to be an alternative to the traditional research-based Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and the education-based Doctor of Education (Ed.D.). Doctor of Philosophy and doctor of Arts are doctoral degrees.
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Doctor of Business Administration
The Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) or (DrBA) is a terminal degree in business administration. Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of Business Administration are doctoral degrees.
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Doctor of Canon Law (Catholic Church)
Doctor of Canon Law (Juris Canonici Doctor, JCD) is the doctoral-level terminal degree in the studies of canon law of the Roman Catholic Church. Doctor of Philosophy and doctor of Canon Law (Catholic Church) are doctoral degrees.
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Doctor of Civil Law
Doctor of Civil Law (DCL; Legis Civilis Doctor or Juris Civilis Doctor) is a degree offered by some universities, such as the University of Oxford, instead of the more common Doctor of Laws (LLD) degrees. Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of Civil Law are doctoral degrees.
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Doctor of Divinity
A Doctor of Divinity (DD or DDiv; Doctor Divinitatis) is the holder of an advanced academic degree in divinity. Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of Divinity are doctoral degrees.
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Doctor of Education
The Doctor of Education (EdD or DEd; Latin Educationis Doctor or Doctor Educationis) is (depending on region and university) a research or professional doctoral degree that focuses on the field of education. Doctor of Philosophy and doctor of Education are doctoral degrees.
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Doctor of Engineering
The Doctor of Engineering (D.Eng or EngD) is a research doctorate in engineering and applied science. Doctor of Philosophy and doctor of Engineering are doctoral degrees.
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Doctor of Juridical Science
A Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD), or a Doctor of the Science of Law (JSD), is a research doctorate degree in law that is similar to the Doctor of Philosophy degree. Doctor of Philosophy and doctor of Juridical Science are doctoral degrees.
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Doctor of Letters
Doctor of Letters (D.Litt., Litt.D., Latin: Litterarum Doctor or Doctor Litterarum) also termed "Doctor of Literature" in some countries is a terminal degree in the arts, humanities and social sciences that, depending on the country, is a higher doctorate after the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree or equivalent to a higher doctorate, such as the Doctor of Science (Sc.D.
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Doctor of Medicine
Doctor of Medicine (abbreviated M.D., from the Latin Medicinae Doctor) is a medical degree, the meaning of which varies between different jurisdictions.
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Doctor of Music
The Doctor of Music degree (DMus, DM, MusD or occasionally MusDoc) is a doctorate awarded on the basis of a substantial portfolio of compositions, musical performances, and/or scholarly publications on music. Doctor of Philosophy and doctor of Music are doctoral degrees.
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Doctor of Musical Arts
The doctor of musical arts (DMA) is a doctoral academic degree in music. Doctor of Philosophy and doctor of Musical Arts are doctoral degrees.
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Doctor of Philosophy
A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD or DPhil; philosophiae doctor or) is a terminal degree that usually denotes the highest level of academic achievement in a given discipline and is awarded following a course of graduate study and original research. Doctor of Philosophy and doctor of Philosophy are doctoral degrees and titles.
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Doctor of Philosophy by publication
A Doctor of Philosophy by publication (also known as a Ph.D. by Published Work, PhD by portfolio or Ph.D. under Special Regulation; also a thesis by publication, a thesis with publications, a publication-based thesis, an articles-based thesis, a manuscript-style dissertation, a compilation thesis and a journal format thesis) is a manner of awarding a Ph.D. Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of Philosophy by publication are doctoral degrees.
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Doctor of Professional Studies
The Doctor of Professional Studies (or sometimes awarded as Doctorate in Professional Practice) (most commonly DProf, DProfPrac or ProfD, but also available as DProfSt, ProfD and DPS) is a doctoral degree for experienced professionals who wish to undertake a program that is applied in nature and of practical value to their career. Doctor of Philosophy and doctor of Professional Studies are doctoral degrees.
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Doctor of Sacred Theology
The Doctor of Sacred Theology (Sacrae Theologiae Doctor, abbreviated STD), also sometimes known as Professor of Sacred Theology (Sacrae Theologiae Professor, abbreviated STP), is the final theological degree in the pontifical university system of the Roman Catholic Church, being the ecclesiastical equivalent of the academic Doctor of Theology (ThD) degree. Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of Sacred Theology are doctoral degrees.
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Doctor of Science
A Doctor of Science (Scientiae Doctor; most commonly abbreviated DSc or ScD) is a science doctorate awarded in a number of countries throughout the world.
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Doctor of Sciences
Doctor of Sciences (p, abbreviated д-р наук or д. н.; доктор наук; доктор на науките; доктар навук) is a higher doctoral degree in the Russian Empire, Soviet Union and many post-Soviet countries, which may be earned after the Candidate of Sciences. Doctor of Philosophy and doctor of Sciences are doctoral degrees.
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Doctoral advisor
A doctoral advisor (also dissertation director, dissertation advisor; or doctoral supervisor) is a member of a university faculty whose role is to guide graduate students who are candidates for a doctorate, helping them select coursework, as well as shaping, refining and directing the students' choice of sub-discipline in which they will be examined or on which they will write a dissertation.
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Doctorate
A doctorate (from Latin doctor, meaning "teacher") or doctoral degree is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism licentia docendi ("licence to teach"). Doctor of Philosophy and doctorate are doctoral degrees.
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Doctors' Commons
Doctors' Commons, also called the College of Civilians, was a society of lawyers practising civil (as opposed to common) law in London, namely ecclesiastical and admiralty law.
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Doktoringenieur
The Doktoringenieur (acronym Dr.-Ing., also Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften) is the German engineering doctorate degree, comparable to the Doctor of Engineering, Engineering Doctorate, Doctor of Science (Engineering), Doctor of Science (Technology) or a PhD in Engineering or Architecture. Doctor of Philosophy and Doktoringenieur are doctoral degrees.
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Dottorato di ricerca
The dottorato di ricerca (research doctorate) is the highest Italian academic degree, the equivalent of a Ph.D. The term dottore is frequently used in Italy to refer to any person with a university Laurea: thus, a person with a Laurea Magistrale uses the title "dottore magistrale" and a person with a Laurea uses the title of "dottore". Doctor of Philosophy and dottorato di ricerca are doctoral degrees.
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Dr. rer. nat.
paren), abbreviated Dr. rer. nat., is a doctoral academic degree awarded by universities in some European countries (e.g. Germany, Austria and Czech Republic) to graduates in physics, chemistry, biology, geology, computer science, pharmacy, psychology, other natural sciences and similar areas. Universities might also award different titles for these fields, depending on the topic of a PhD thesis and which titles a university can award. Doctor of Philosophy and Dr. rer. nat. are doctoral degrees.
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Duke
Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility.
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Durham University
Durham University (legally the University of Durham) is a collegiate public research university in Durham, England, founded by an Act of Parliament in 1832 and incorporated by royal charter in 1837.
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Eastern Bloc
The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc (Combloc), the Socialist Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was the unofficial coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were aligned with the Soviet Union and existed during the Cold War (1947–1991).
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Education in Russia
In Russia, the state provides most education services regulating education through the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education.
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Educational inflation
Educational inflation is the increasing educational requirements for occupations that do not require them.
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Employment contract
An employment contract or contract of employment is a kind of contract used in labour law to attribute rights and responsibilities between parties to a bargain.
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English language
English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.
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Erhard Weigel
Erhard Weigel (16 December 1625 – 20 March 1699) was a German mathematician, astronomer and philosopher.
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Etiquette
Etiquette is the set of norms of personal behaviour in polite society, usually occurring in the form of an ethical code of the expected and accepted social behaviours that accord with the conventions and norms observed and practised by a society, a social class, or a social group.
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Eugene Schuyler
Eugene Schuyler (February 26, 1840 – July 16, 1890) was a nineteenth-century American scholar, writer, explorer and diplomat.
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European Association of Conservatoires
The European Association of Conservatoires (AEC) is the main association of colleges and university schools of music in Europe and represents the interests of institutions that are concerned with training for the music profession.
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European Economic Area
The European Economic Area (EEA) was established via the Agreement on the European Economic Area, an international agreement which enables the extension of the European Union's single market to member states of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
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European League of Institutes of the Arts
ELIA (formerly known as The European League of Institutes of the Arts) represents some 300.000 students in all art disciplines.
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European Research Council
The European Research Council (ERC) is a public body for funding of scientific and technological research conducted within the European Union (EU).
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European Social Fund Plus
The European Social Fund Plus (ESF+) is one of the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIFs), which are dedicated to improving social cohesion and economic well-being across the regions of the Union.
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Exegesis
Exegesis (from the Greek ἐξήγησις, from ἐξηγεῖσθαι, "to lead out") is a critical explanation or interpretation of a text.
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Fachhochschule
A (plural), abbreviated FH, is a university of applied sciences (UAS), in other words a German tertiary education institution that provides professional education in many applied sciences and applied arts, such as engineering, technology, business, architecture, design, and industrial design.
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Field research
Field research, field studies, or fieldwork is the collection of raw data outside a laboratory, library, or workplace setting.
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Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
The Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) is the ministry of foreign affairs and a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom.
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Formal science
Formal science is a branch of science studying disciplines concerned with abstract structures described by formal systems, such as logic, mathematics, statistics, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, information theory, game theory, systems theory, decision theory and theoretical linguistics.
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Foundation (nonprofit)
A foundation (also referred to as a charitable foundation) is a type of nonprofit organization or charitable trust that usually provides funding and support to other charitable organizations through grants, while also potentially participating directly in charitable activities.
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France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.
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Freeman Dyson
Freeman John Dyson (15 December 1923 – 28 February 2020) was a British-American theoretical physicist and mathematician known for his works in quantum field theory, astrophysics, random matrices, mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics, condensed matter physics, nuclear physics, and engineering.
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German Rectors' Conference
The German Rectors' Conference (German: Hochschulrektorenkonferenz – HRK) is the voluntary association of state and state-recognised universities and other higher education institutions in Germany.
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Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.
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Government of Canada
The Government of Canada (Gouvernement du Canada) is the body responsible for the federal administration of Canada.
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Graduate Management Admission Test
The Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT ()) is a computer adaptive test (CAT) intended to assess certain analytical, quantitative, verbal, and data literacy skills for use in admission to a graduate management program, such as a Master of Business Administration (MBA) program.
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Graduate Record Examinations
The Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) is a standardized test that is part of the admissions process for many graduate schools in the United States and Canada and a few other countries.
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Grandee
Grandee (Grande de España) is an official aristocratic title conferred on some Spanish nobility.
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Habilitation
Habilitation is the highest university degree, or the procedure by which it is achieved, in Germany, France, Italy and some other European and non-English-speaking countries.
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Harold Jeffreys
Sir Harold Jeffreys, FRS (22 April 1891 – 18 March 1989) was a British geophysicist who made significant contributions to mathematics and statistics.
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Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Honours degree
Honours degree has various meanings in the context of different degrees and education systems.
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Humboldt University of Berlin
The Humboldt University of Berlin (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin, Germany.
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Hungary
Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe.
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Income tax
An income tax is a tax imposed on individuals or entities (taxpayers) in respect of the income or profits earned by them (commonly called taxable income).
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Indian Institutes of Information Technology
Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIITs) are centrally funded technical institutes located across India.
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Indian Institutes of Technology
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are a network of engineering and technology institutions in India.
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Inns of Court
The Inns of Court in London are the professional associations for barristers in England and Wales.
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Institute for Advanced Study
The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) is an independent center for theoretical research and intellectual inquiry located in Princeton, New Jersey.
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International English Language Testing System
International English Language Testing System (IELTS) is an international standardized test of English language proficiency for non-native English language speakers.
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International Standard Classification of Education
The International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) is a statistical framework for organizing information on education maintained by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
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Italy
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.
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Ivy League
The Ivy League is an American collegiate athletic conference of eight private research universities in the Northeastern United States.
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Johns Hopkins University
Johns Hopkins University (often abbreviated as Johns Hopkins, Hopkins, Johns, or JHU) is a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland.
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King's College London
King's College London (informally King's or KCL) is a public research university located in London, England.
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Kultusministerkonferenz
The Kultusministerkonferenz (literally conference of ministers of education) is the assembly of ministers of education of the German states.
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Laurea
In Italy, the laurea is the main post-secondary academic degree.
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Law
Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior, with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate.
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Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
Lewisburg is a borough in Union County, Pennsylvania, United States, south by southeast of Williamsport and north of Harrisburg.
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Liberal arts education
Liberal arts education (from Latin 'free' and 'art or principled practice') is the traditional academic course in Western higher education.
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Licentiate (degree)
A licentiate (abbreviated Lic.) is an academic degree present in many countries, representing different educational levels.
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Licentiate of Arts
The Licentiate of Arts is a degree roughly equivalent to the completion of half the coursework required for a doctoral dissertation in arts.
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Licentiate of Canon Law
Licentiate of Canon Law (Juris Canonici Licentiatus; JCL) is the title of an advanced graduate degree with canonical effects in the Roman Catholic Church offered by pontifical universities and ecclesiastical faculties of canon law.
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Licentiate of Sacred Theology
Licentiate in Sacred Theology (Sacrae Theologiae Licentiatus; abbreviated LTh or STL) is the second of three ecclesiastical degrees in theology (the first being the Baccalaureate in Sacred Theology and the third being the Doctorate in Sacred Theology) which are conferred by a number of pontifical faculties around the world.
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List of fields of doctoral studies in the United States
This is the list of the fields of doctoral studies in the United States used for the annual Survey of Earned Doctorates, conducted by NORC at the University of Chicago for the National Science Foundation and other federal agencies, as used for the 2015 survey. Doctor of Philosophy and list of fields of doctoral studies in the United States are doctoral degrees.
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Magister degree
A magister degree (also magistar, female form: magistra; from magister, "teacher") is an academic degree used in various systems of higher education.
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Mark C. Taylor (philosopher)
Mark C. Taylor (born 13 December 1945) is a postmodern religious and cultural critic.
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Master of Arts
A Master of Arts (Magister Artium or Artium Magister; abbreviated MA or AM) is the holder of a master's degree awarded by universities in many countries.
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Master of Philosophy
A Master of Philosophy (MPhil; Latin Magister Philosophiae or Philosophiae Magister) is a postgraduate degree.
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Master of Research
A Master of Research (abbr. MRes, MARes, MScRes, or MScR) degree is an internationally recognised advanced postgraduate research degree in the United Kingdom, Singapore, Australia and Hong Kong.
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Master's degree
A master's degree (from Latin) is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice.
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MD–PhD
The Doctor of Medicine–Doctor of Philosophy (MD–PhD) is a dual doctoral program for physician–scientists, combining the professional training of the Doctor of Medicine degree with the research program of the Doctor of Philosophy degree. Doctor of Philosophy and MD–PhD are doctoral degrees.
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Medicine
Medicine is the science and practice of caring for patients, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health.
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Medieval university
A medieval university was a corporation organized during the Middle Ages for the purposes of higher education.
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Merriam-Webster
Merriam-Webster, Incorporated is an American company that publishes reference books and is mostly known for its dictionaries.
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Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
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Ministry of Education and Science (Russia)
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации or Minobrnauki of Russia) existed from March 2004 till May 2018.
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Ministry of Education, University and Research
The Ministry of Education, University and Research (in italic or MIUR) is the ministry of the Italian government for the national education system, the Italian universities and research agencies.
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Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland)
The Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego) in Poland was opened on 5 May 2006 by the Minister of Science and Higher Education, in replacement of several parts of the Ministry of Education and Science.
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Nanyang Technological University
Nanyang Technological University (NTU) is a public university in Singapore.
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National Eligibility Test
The National Eligibility Test (NET) is a standardised test conducted at the national level by various agencies of the Government of India.
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National Institutes of Health
The National Institutes of Health, commonly referred to as NIH, is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research.
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National Institutes of Technology (India)
The National Institutes of Technology (NITs) are centrally funded technical institutes under the ownership of the Ministry of Education, Government of India.
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National Science Foundation
The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent agency of the United States federal government that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering.
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National Testing Agency
The National Testing Agency (NTA) is an autonomous body of Department of Higher Education of the Ministry of Education of India.
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National University of Singapore
The National University of Singapore (NUS) is a national public collegiate and research university in Singapore.
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Natural philosophy
Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature (from Latin philosophia naturalis) is the philosophical study of physics, that is, nature and the physical universe.
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Natural science
Natural science is one of the branches of science concerned with the description, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation.
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Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC; Conseil de recherches en sciences naturelles et en génie du Canada, CRSNG) is the major federal agency responsible for funding natural sciences and engineering research in Canada.
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Nature (journal)
Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.
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New Delhi
New Delhi (ISO: Naī Dillī), is the capital of India and a part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT).
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New York University
New York University (NYU) is a private research university in New York City, United States.
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North American English
North American English is the most generalized variety of the English language as spoken in the United States and Canada.
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
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Parliament of Poland
The parliament of Poland is the bicameral legislature of Poland.
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Peer review
Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work (peers).
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Philip III of Spain
Philip III (Felipe III; 14 April 1578 – 31 March 1621) was King of Spain.
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Philosophy
Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language.
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Piled Higher and Deeper
Piled Higher and Deeper (also known as PhD Comics) is a discontinued newspaper and webcomic strip produced from 1997 to 2018.
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Polish Academy of Sciences
The Polish Academy of Sciences (Polska Akademia Nauk, PAN) is a Polish state-sponsored institution of higher learning.
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Polish language
Polish (język polski,, polszczyzna or simply polski) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic group within the Indo-European language family written in the Latin script.
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Post-nominal letters
Post-nominal letters, also called post-nominal initials, post-nominal titles, designatory letters, or simply post-nominals, are letters placed after a person's name to indicate that the individual holds a position, an academic degree, accreditation, an office, a military decoration, or honour, or is a member of a religious institute or fraternity. Doctor of Philosophy and post-nominal letters are titles.
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Post-Soviet states
The post-Soviet states, also referred to as the former Soviet Union (FSU) or the former Soviet republics, are the independent sovereign states that emerged/re-emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
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Postdoctoral researcher
A postdoctoral fellow, postdoctoral researcher, or simply postdoc, is a person professionally conducting research after the completion of their doctoral studies (typically a PhD).
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Postgraduate education
Postgraduate education, graduate education, or graduate school consists of academic or professional degrees, certificates, diplomas, or other qualifications usually pursued by post-secondary students who have earned an undergraduate (bachelor's) degree.
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Princeton University
Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey.
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Princeton, New Jersey
Princeton is a borough in Mercer County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.
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Professor
Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries.
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Prussia
Prussia (Preußen; Old Prussian: Prūsa or Prūsija) was a German state located on most of the North European Plain, also occupying southern and eastern regions.
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Publish or perish
"Publish or perish" is an aphorism describing the pressure to publish academic work in order to succeed in an academic career.
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Quadrivium
From the time of Plato through the Middle Ages, the quadrivium (plural: quadrivia) was a grouping of four subjects or arts—arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy—that formed a second curricular stage following preparatory work in the trivium, consisting of grammar, logic, and rhetoric.
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Research
Research is "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge".
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Research assistant
A research assistant (RA) is a researcher employed, often on a temporary contract, by a university, research institute, or privately held organization to provide assistance in academic or private research endeavors.
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Research Councils UK
Research Councils UK, sometimes known as RCUK, was a non-departmental public body that coordinated science policy in the United Kingdom from 2002 to 2018.
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Research fellow
A research fellow is an academic research position at a university or a similar research institution, usually for academic staff or faculty members.
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Richard B. Freeman
Richard Barry Freeman (born June 29, 1943) is an economist.
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Rockefeller Foundation
The Rockefeller Foundation is an American private foundation and philanthropic medical research and arts funding organization based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City.
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Roger Geiger
Roger L. Geiger (born 1943) is an American scholar of higher education in the United States.
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Sacred theology
Sacred theology is the name given to the theological degrees offered in a number of theological colleges, including the pontifical university system of the Catholic Church.
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Sandwich degree
A sandwich degree, or sandwich course, is an academic degree or higher education course (also known as tertiary education) involving practical work experience in addition to academic study.
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Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies
The Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies (SSSA, Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento Sant'Anna) is a special-statute, highly selective public research university located in Pisa, Italy.
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Süddeutsche Zeitung
The Süddeutsche Zeitung, published in Munich, Bavaria, is one of the largest daily newspapers in Germany.
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Scientist
A scientist is a person who researches to advance knowledge in an area of the natural sciences.
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Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa
The Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa (commonly known in Italy as "la Normale") is a public university institution in Pisa and Florence, Tuscany, Italy, currently attended by about 600 undergraduate and postgraduate (PhD) students.
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Short list
A short list or shortlist is a list of candidates for a job, prize, award, political position, etc., that has been reduced from a longer list of candidates (sometimes via intermediate lists known as "long lists").
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Signalling (economics)
In contract theory, signalling (or signaling; see spelling differences) is the idea that one party (the agent) credibly conveys some information about itself to another party (the principal).
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Singapore
Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia.
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Singapore Institute of Technology
The Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT or Singaporetech) is a public autonomous university in Singapore.
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Singapore Management University
The Singapore Management University (SMU) is a public university in Singapore.
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Singapore University of Social Sciences
The Singapore University of Social Sciences (SUSS) is a public autonomous university in Singapore.
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Singapore University of Technology and Design
The Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) is a public autonomous university in Singapore.
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Social science
Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies.
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Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council
The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC; Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada, CRSH), often colloquially pronounced 'shirk', is a Canadian federal research-funding agency that promotes and supports post-secondary research and training in the humanities and social sciences.
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Society for Artistic Research
The Society for Artistic Research (SAR) is an international nonprofit, artistic and scientific society devoted to developing, linking and disseminating internationally artistic research as a specific practice of producing knowledge.
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St John's College, Oxford
St John's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford.
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Staatsexamen
The Staatsexamen ("state examination" or "exam by state"; pl.: Staatsexamina) is a German government licensing examination that future physicians, dentists, physical therapists, teachers, research librarians, archivists, pharmacists, food chemists, psychotherapists and jurists (i.e., lawyers, judges, public prosecutors, civil-law notaries) as well as surveyors have to pass to be allowed to work in their profession.
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Stipend
A stipend is a regular fixed sum of money paid for services or to defray expenses, such as for scholarship, internship, or apprenticeship.
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Superior Graduate Schools in Italy
A Superior Graduate School (Italian: Scuola Superiore Universitaria) is a completely independent institution from a legal point of view, which offers advanced training and research through university-type courses or is dedicated to teaching at graduate or post-doctoral level.
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Teaching assistant
A teaching assistant (TA) or education assistant (EA) is an individual who assists a professor or teacher with instructional responsibilities.
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Teaching credential
A United States teaching credential is a basic multiple or single subject credential obtained upon completion of a bachelor's degree, from a college or university that holds regional accreditation, and prescribed professional education requirements.
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Terminal degree
A terminal degree is the highest-level university degree that can be achieved and awarded in an academic discipline or professional field. Doctor of Philosophy and terminal degree are doctoral degrees.
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Test of English as a Foreign Language
Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) is a standardized test to measure the English language ability of non-native speakers wishing to enroll in English-speaking universities.
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The Economist
The Economist is a British weekly newspaper published in printed magazine format and digitally.
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The Oxford Magazine
The Oxford Magazine is a review magazine and newspaper published in Oxford, England.
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The Queen's College, Oxford
The Queen's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford, England.
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Theology
Theology is the study of religious belief from a religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity.
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Thesis
A thesis (theses), or dissertation (abbreviated diss.), is a document submitted in support of candidature for an academic degree or professional qualification presenting the author's research and findings.
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Times Higher Education
Times Higher Education (THE), formerly The Times Higher Education Supplement (The Thes), is a British magazine reporting specifically on news and issues related to higher education.
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Trivium
The trivium is the lower division of the seven liberal arts and comprises grammar, logic, and rhetoric.
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Tuition payments
Tuition payments, usually known as tuition in American English and as tuition fees in Commonwealth English, are fees charged by education institutions for instruction or other services.
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U.S. News & World Report
U.S. News & World Report (USNWR, US NEWS) is an American media company publishing news, consumer advice, rankings, and analysis.
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UCAS
The Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) is a charity and private limited company based in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England, which provides educational support services.
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UK Visas and Immigration
UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI) is a division of the Home Office responsible for the United Kingdom's visa system.
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UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.
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United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.
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University Grants Commission (India)
University Grants Commission (UGC; ISO: Viśvavidyālaya Anudāna Āyōga) is a statutory body under Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Government of India.
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University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge is a public collegiate research university in Cambridge, England.
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University of Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh (University o Edinburgh, Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann; abbreviated as Edin. in post-nominals) is a public research university based in Edinburgh, Scotland.
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University of Edinburgh Business School
The (abbreviated as UEBS) is the business school of the University of Edinburgh in Scotland.
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University of Edinburgh School of Health in Social Science
The School of Health in Social Science at the University of Edinburgh is a department undertaking research and teaching into health, health policy and related fields.
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University of Helsinki
The University of Helsinki (Helsingin yliopisto, Helsingfors universitet; UH) is a public university in Helsinki, Finland.
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University of London
The University of London (UoL; abbreviated as Lond or more rarely Londin in post-nominals) is a federal public research university located in London, England, United Kingdom.
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University of Manchester
The University of Manchester is a public research university in Manchester, England.
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University of Oxford
The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England.
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University of Pennsylvania
The University of Pennsylvania, commonly referenced as Penn or UPenn, is a private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
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University of South Australia
The University of South Australia is a public research university based in South Australia.
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University of Sussex
The University of Sussex is a public research university located in Falmer, East Sussex, England.
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University of York
The University of York (abbreviated as or York for post-nominals) is a public collegiate research university in York, England.
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Uppsala University
Uppsala University (UU) (Uppsala universitet) is a public research university in Uppsala, Sweden.
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Wiley (publisher)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley, is an American multinational publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials.
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Yale University
Yale University is a private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut.
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References
Also known as D Phil, D Phil., D. Phil, D. Phil., D.Phil, D.Phil., DPhil, DPhil degree, DPhil., Doctor Philosophiae, Doctor Philosophiae (Danish and Norwegian degree), Doctor in Philosophy, Doctor of Philosophy degree, Doctoral studies, Doctorate of Philosophy, Dr. Phil., Dr. Philos., Dr. philos. (Norwegian degree), Dr.Phil., Dr.philos., Dr.philos. (Norwegian degree), Earned doctorate, Ph D, Ph. D, Ph. D., Ph.D, Ph.D., Ph.D. Thesis, Ph.D. candidacy, Ph.D. candidates, Ph.D. degree, Ph.D. degrees, PhD, PhD Degree, PhD candidacy, PhD confirmation, PhD in Clinical research, PhD in nursing, PhD in philosophy, PhD program, PhD programme, PhD student, PhD., PhDr., PhDs, Phd Clinical Research, Philosophiae Doctor, Philosophy Doctor, Philosophy doctorate, Sandwich PhD Programme.
, Doctor of Letters, Doctor of Medicine, Doctor of Music, Doctor of Musical Arts, Doctor of Philosophy, Doctor of Philosophy by publication, Doctor of Professional Studies, Doctor of Sacred Theology, Doctor of Science, Doctor of Sciences, Doctoral advisor, Doctorate, Doctors' Commons, Doktoringenieur, Dottorato di ricerca, Dr. rer. nat., Duke, Durham University, Eastern Bloc, Education in Russia, Educational inflation, Employment contract, English language, Erhard Weigel, Etiquette, Eugene Schuyler, European Association of Conservatoires, European Economic Area, European League of Institutes of the Arts, European Research Council, European Social Fund Plus, Exegesis, Fachhochschule, Field research, Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, Formal science, Foundation (nonprofit), France, Freeman Dyson, German Rectors' Conference, Germany, Government of Canada, Graduate Management Admission Test, Graduate Record Examinations, Grandee, Habilitation, Harold Jeffreys, Harvard University, Honours degree, Humboldt University of Berlin, Hungary, Income tax, Indian Institutes of Information Technology, Indian Institutes of Technology, Inns of Court, Institute for Advanced Study, International English Language Testing System, International Standard Classification of Education, Italy, Ivy League, Johns Hopkins University, King's College London, Kultusministerkonferenz, Laurea, Law, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, Liberal arts education, Licentiate (degree), Licentiate of Arts, Licentiate of Canon Law, Licentiate of Sacred Theology, List of fields of doctoral studies in the United States, Magister degree, Mark C. Taylor (philosopher), Master of Arts, Master of Philosophy, Master of Research, Master's degree, MD–PhD, Medicine, Medieval university, Merriam-Webster, Middle Ages, Ministry of Education and Science (Russia), Ministry of Education, University and Research, Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland), Nanyang Technological University, National Eligibility Test, National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Technology (India), National Science Foundation, National Testing Agency, National University of Singapore, Natural philosophy, Natural science, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Nature (journal), New Delhi, New York University, North American English, Oxford University Press, Parliament of Poland, Peer review, Philip III of Spain, Philosophy, Piled Higher and Deeper, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish language, Post-nominal letters, Post-Soviet states, Postdoctoral researcher, Postgraduate education, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, Professor, Prussia, Publish or perish, Quadrivium, Research, Research assistant, Research Councils UK, Research fellow, Richard B. Freeman, Rockefeller Foundation, Roger Geiger, Sacred theology, Sandwich degree, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Süddeutsche Zeitung, Scientist, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Short list, Signalling (economics), Singapore, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore Management University, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Social science, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, Society for Artistic Research, St John's College, Oxford, Staatsexamen, Stipend, Superior Graduate Schools in Italy, Teaching assistant, Teaching credential, Terminal degree, Test of English as a Foreign Language, The Economist, The Oxford Magazine, The Queen's College, Oxford, Theology, Thesis, Times Higher Education, Trivium, Tuition payments, U.S. News & World Report, UCAS, UK Visas and Immigration, UNESCO, United States, University Grants Commission (India), University of Cambridge, University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh Business School, University of Edinburgh School of Health in Social Science, University of Helsinki, University of London, University of Manchester, University of Oxford, University of Pennsylvania, University of South Australia, University of Sussex, University of York, Uppsala University, Wiley (publisher), Yale University.