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100 relations: Achaemenid Empire, Alexander the Great, Anagnostis Agelarakis, Ancient Carthage, Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek warfare, Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient Macedonian army, Armour, Aspis, Athens, Attrition warfare, Bardylis, Battalion, Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC), Battle of Marathon, Battle of Plataea, Battle of Thermopylae, Bow and arrow, Bronze, Cardaces, Cavalry, Celts, Chalcidian helmet, City-state, Corinthian helmet, Cuirass, Diadochi, Diogenes Laërtius, Dory (spear), Early Roman army, Ekdromoi, Epaminondas, Epicurus, Etruscan civilization, First Persian invasion of Greece, Greave, Greco-Persian Wars, Greek Dark Ages, Greek language, Hannibal, Hasta (spear), Hellenic Army, Hellenistic armies, Hellenistic period, Helmet, Hypaspists, Iliad, Illyrians, Iphicrates, ..., Italian Peninsula, Javelin, Kopis, League of Corinth, Light infantry, Linothorax, Macedonian phalanx, Machimoi, Maniple (military unit), Mora (military unit), Muscle cuirass, Oxford University Press, Paros, Peloponnesian War, Peltast, Perseus Project, Pezhetairos, Phalanx, Phrygian helmet, Pileus (hat), Pilum, Pitched battle, Protostates, Psiloi, Ptolemaic army, Pyrrhus of Epirus, Roman Republic, Sacred Band of Carthage, Samnium, Scutum (shield), Scythed chariot, Second Persian invasion of Greece, Shield, Siege engine, Socii, Socrates, Sparta, Spartan army, Spear, Thames & Hudson, The Other Greeks, Thebes, Greece, Thermopylae, Thorakitai, Thyreophoroi, Thyreos, Triarii, Victor Davis Hanson, Wicker, Xiphos. Expand index (50 more) »
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire, also called the First Persian Empire, was an empire based in Western Asia, founded by Cyrus the Great.
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Alexander the Great
Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Aléxandros ho Mégas), was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty.
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Anagnostis Agelarakis
Anagnostis P. Agelarakis (Αναγνώστης Π. Αγελαράκης; born 1 January 1956) is a professor of Anthropological Archaeology and Physical Anthropology at Adelphi University.
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Ancient Carthage
Carthage (from Carthago; Punic:, Qart-ḥadašt, "New City") was the Phoenician state, including, during the 7th–3rd centuries BC, its wider sphere of influence, known as the Carthaginian Empire.
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Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 13th–9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (AD 600).
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Ancient Greek warfare
Warfare occurred throughout the history of Ancient Greece, from the Greek Dark Ages onward.
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Ancient History Encyclopedia
Ancient History Encyclopedia is a non-profit educational company created in 2009 by Jan van der Crabben with the goal of improving history education worldwide by creating "the most complete, freely accessible, and reliable history resource in the world".
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Ancient Macedonian army
The army of the Kingdom of Macedonia was among the greatest military forces of the ancient world.
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Armour
Armour (British English or Canadian English) or armor (American English; see spelling differences) is a protective covering that is used to prevent damage from being inflicted to an object, individual or vehicle by direct contact weapons or projectiles, usually during combat, or from damage caused by a potentially dangerous environment or activity (e.g., cycling, construction sites, etc.). Personal armour is used to protect soldiers and war animals.
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Aspis
An aspis (ἀσπίς, plural aspides, ἀσπίδες), sometimes also referred to as a hoplon, was the heavy wooden shield used by the infantry in various periods of ancient Greece.
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Athens
Athens (Αθήνα, Athína; Ἀθῆναι, Athênai) is the capital and largest city of Greece.
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Attrition warfare
Attrition warfare is a military strategy consisting of belligerent attempts to win a war by wearing down the enemy to the point of collapse through continuous losses in personnel and materiel.
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Bardylis
Bardylis (also Bardyllis; Βάρδυλις; 448 – c. 358 BC) was a king of the Dardanian Kingdom and probably its founder.
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Battalion
A battalion is a military unit.
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Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC)
The Battle of Chaeronea was fought in 338 BC, near the city of Chaeronea in Boeotia, between the Macedonians led by Philip II of Macedon and an alliance of some of the Greek city-states led by Athens and Thebes.
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Battle of Marathon
The Battle of Marathon (Greek: Μάχη τοῦ Μαραθῶνος, Machē tou Marathōnos) took place in 490 BC, during the first Persian invasion of Greece.
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Battle of Plataea
The Battle of Plataea was the final land battle during the second Persian invasion of Greece.
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Battle of Thermopylae
The Battle of Thermopylae (Greek: Μάχη τῶν Θερμοπυλῶν, Machē tōn Thermopylōn) was fought between an alliance of Greek city-states, led by King Leonidas of Sparta, and the Persian Empire of Xerxes I over the course of three days, during the second Persian invasion of Greece.
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Bow and arrow
The bow and arrow is a ranged weapon system consisting of an elastic launching device (bow) and long-shafted projectiles (arrows).
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Bronze
Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12% tin and often with the addition of other metals (such as aluminium, manganese, nickel or zinc) and sometimes non-metals or metalloids such as arsenic, phosphorus or silicon.
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Cardaces
The Cardaces (or Kardakes, meaning "foreign mercenary") were a professional heavy infantry mustering of the Achaemenid Persian army.
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Cavalry
Cavalry (from the French cavalerie, cf. cheval 'horse') or horsemen were soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback.
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Celts
The Celts (see pronunciation of ''Celt'' for different usages) were an Indo-European people in Iron Age and Medieval Europe who spoke Celtic languages and had cultural similarities, although the relationship between ethnic, linguistic and cultural factors in the Celtic world remains uncertain and controversial.
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Chalcidian helmet
A Chalcidian helmet or Chalcidian type helmet was a helmet made of bronze and worn by ancient warriors of the Hellenic world, especially popular in Greece in the fifth and fourth centuries BC.
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City-state
A city-state is a sovereign state, also described as a type of small independent country, that usually consists of a single city and its dependent territories.
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Corinthian helmet
The Corinthian helmet originated in ancient Greece and took its name from the city-state of Corinth.
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Cuirass
A cuirass (cuirasse, coriaceus) is a piece of armour, formed of a single or multiple pieces of metal or other rigid material which covers the front of the torso.
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Diadochi
The Diadochi (plural of Latin Diadochus, from Διάδοχοι, Diádokhoi, "successors") were the rival generals, families, and friends of Alexander the Great who fought for control over his empire after his death in 323 BC.
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Diogenes Laërtius
Diogenes Laërtius (Διογένης Λαέρτιος, Diogenēs Laertios) was a biographer of the Greek philosophers.
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Dory (spear)
The dory or doru (δόρυ) is a spear that was the chief armament of hoplites (heavy infantry) in Ancient Greece.
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Early Roman army
The Early Roman army was deployed by ancient Rome during its Regal Era and into the early Republic around 300 BC, when the so-called "Polybian" or manipular legion was introduced.
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Ekdromoi
The Ekdromos (plural Ekdromoi) was an ancient Greek light hoplite.
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Epaminondas
Epaminondas (Ἐπαμεινώνδας, Epameinondas; d. 362 BC) was a Theban general and statesman of the 4th century BC who transformed the Ancient Greek city-state of Thebes, leading it out of Spartan subjugation into a pre-eminent position in Greek politics.
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Epicurus
Epicurus (Ἐπίκουρος, Epíkouros, "ally, comrade"; 341–270 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher who founded a school of philosophy now called Epicureanism.
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Etruscan civilization
The Etruscan civilization is the modern name given to a powerful and wealthy civilization of ancient Italy in the area corresponding roughly to Tuscany, western Umbria and northern Lazio.
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First Persian invasion of Greece
The first Persian invasion of Greece, during the Persian Wars, began in 492 BC, and ended with the decisive Athenian victory at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC.
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Greave
A greave (from the Old French greve "shin, shin armour" from the Arabic jaurab, meaning stocking) is a piece of armour that protects the leg.
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Greco-Persian Wars
The Greco-Persian Wars (also often called the Persian Wars) were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire of Persia and Greek city-states that started in 499 BC and lasted until 449 BC.
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Greek Dark Ages
The Greek Dark Age, also called Greek Dark Ages, Homeric Age (named for the fabled poet, Homer) or Geometric period (so called after the characteristic Geometric art of the time), is the period of Greek history from the end of the Mycenaean palatial civilization around 1100 BC to the first signs of the Greek poleis, city states, in the 9th century BC.
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Greek language
Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
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Hannibal
Hannibal Barca (𐤇𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋 𐤁𐤓𐤒 ḥnb‘l brq; 247 – between 183 and 181 BC) was a Carthaginian general, considered one of the greatest military commanders in history.
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Hasta (spear)
Hasta (plural: hastae) is a Latin word meaning "spear".
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Hellenic Army
The Hellenic Army (Ελληνικός Στρατός, Ellinikós Stratós, sometimes abbreviated as ΕΣ), formed in 1828, is the land force of Greece (with Hellenic being a synonym for Greek).
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Hellenistic armies
The Hellenistic armies is the term applied to the armies of the successor kingdoms of the Hellenistic period, which emerged after the death of Alexander the Great.
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Hellenistic period
The Hellenistic period covers the period of Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year.
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Helmet
A helmet is a form of protective gear worn to protect the head from injuries.
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Hypaspists
A hypaspist (Ὑπασπιστής "shield bearer" or "shield covered") is a squire, man at arms, or "shield carrier".
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Iliad
The Iliad (Ἰλιάς, in Classical Attic; sometimes referred to as the Song of Ilion or Song of Ilium) is an ancient Greek epic poem in dactylic hexameter, traditionally attributed to Homer.
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Illyrians
The Illyrians (Ἰλλυριοί, Illyrioi; Illyrii or Illyri) were a group of Indo-European tribes in antiquity, who inhabited part of the western Balkans.
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Iphicrates
Iphicrates (Ιφικράτης) (c. 418 BC – c. 353 BC) was an Athenian general, the son of a shoemaker of the deme of Rhamnous, who flourished in the earlier half of the 4th century BC.
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Italian Peninsula
The Italian Peninsula or Apennine Peninsula (Penisola italiana, Penisola appenninica) extends from the Po Valley in the north to the central Mediterranean Sea in the south.
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Javelin
A javelin is a light spear designed primarily to be thrown, historically as a ranged weapon, but today predominantly for sport.
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Kopis
The term kopis (from Greek κοπίς, plural kopides from κόπτω – koptō, "to cut, to strike"; alternatively a derivation from the Ancient Egyptian term khopesh for a cutting sword has been postulated) in Ancient Greece could describe a heavy knife with a forward-curving blade, primarily used as a tool for cutting meat, for ritual slaughter and animal sacrifice, or refer to a single edged cutting or "cut and thrust" sword with a similarly shaped blade.
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League of Corinth
The League of Corinth, also referred to as the Hellenic League (from Greek Ἑλληνικός Hellenikos, "pertaining to Greece and Greeks"), was a federation of Greek states created by Philip II during the winter of 338 BC/337 BC after the battle of Chaeronea and succeeded by Alexander the Great at 336 BC, to facilitate the use of military forces in the war of Greece against Persia.
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Light infantry
Light infantry is a designation applied to certain types of foot soldiers (infantry) throughout history, typically having lighter equipment or armament or a more mobile or fluid function than other types of infantry, such as heavy infantry or line infantry.
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Linothorax
The linothorax (pronounced) is a type of upper body armor used by the ancient Greeks, as well as other Hellenic kingdoms including Macedonia, from the Mycenaean period through the Hellenistic period.
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Macedonian phalanx
The Macedonian phalanx is an infantry formation developed by Philip II and used by his son Alexander the Great to conquer the Achaemenid Empire and other armies.
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Machimoi
The term Máchimoi (μάχιμοι, plural; μάχιμος, máchimos, singular) commonly refers to a broad category of ancient Egyptian low-ranked soldiers which rose during the Late Period of Egypt (664–332 BCE) and, more prominently, during the Ptolemaic dynasty (323–30 BCE).
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Maniple (military unit)
Maniple (Latin: manipulus, literally meaning "a handful") was a tactical unit of the Roman legion adopted from the Samnites during the Samnite Wars (343–290 BC).
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Mora (military unit)
A mora (Greek: μόρα) (plural Morae) was an ancient Spartan military unit of about a sixth of the Spartan army, at approx.
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Muscle cuirass
In classical antiquity, the muscle cuirass, anatomical cuirass or heroic cuirass is a type of body armor made to fit the wearer's torso and designed to mimic an idealized human physique.
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.
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Paros
Paros (Πάρος; Venetian: Paro) is a Greek island in the central Aegean Sea.
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Peloponnesian War
The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.
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Peltast
A peltast (Ancient Greek: πελταστής peltastes) was a type of light infantry, originating in Thrace and Paeonia, who often served as skirmishers in Hellenic and Hellenistic armies.
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Perseus Project
The Perseus Project (version 4 also known as "Perseus Hopper") is a digital library project of Tufts University, which is located in Medford and Somerville, near Boston, in the U.S. state of Massachusetts.
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Pezhetairos
The pezhetairoi (Greek and Ancient Macedonian: πεζέταιροι, singular: pezhetairos) were the backbone of the Macedonian army and Diadochi kingdoms.
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Phalanx
The phalanx (φάλαγξ; plural phalanxes or phalanges, φάλαγγες, phalanges) was a rectangular mass military formation, usually composed entirely of heavy infantry armed with spears, pikes, sarissas, or similar weapons.
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Phrygian helmet
The Phrygian helmet, also known as the Thracian helmet, was a type of helmet that originated in Classical Greece and was widely used in Thrace, Dacia, Magna Graecia and the Hellenistic world until well into the Roman Empire.
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Pileus (hat)
The pileus (– pilos, also pilleus or pilleum in Latin) was a brimless, felt cap worn in Ancient Greece and surrounding regions, later also introduced in Ancient Rome.
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Pilum
The pilum (plural pila) was a javelin commonly used by the Roman army in ancient times.
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Pitched battle
A pitched battle or set piece battle is a battle in which both sides choose the fighting location and time.
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Protostates
A protostates (πρωτοστάτης, "the one who stands first/in front"), in Ancient Greece, was the man in front of an epistates (the one who stands behind).
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Psiloi
In Ancient Greek warfare, psiloi (Ancient Greek ψιλοί, plural of ψιλός, psilos, literally “bare, stripped”), were extremely light infantry who acted as skirmishers and missile troops.
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Ptolemaic army
The Ptolemaic army was the army of the Ptolemaic Macedonian kings that ruled Egypt from 305 to 30 BC.
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Pyrrhus of Epirus
Pyrrhus (Πύρρος, Pyrrhos; 319/318–272 BC) was a Greek general and statesman of the Hellenistic period.
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Roman Republic
The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire.
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Sacred Band of Carthage
The Sacred Band of Carthage is the name used by Greek historians to refer to an infantry unit of Carthaginian citizens that served in Carthaginian armies during the fourth century BC.
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Samnium
Samnium (Sannio) is a Latin exonym for a region of Southern Italy anciently inhabited by the Samnites.
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Scutum (shield)
The Scutum (plural scuta) was a type of shield used among Italic peoples in the archaic period, and then by the army of ancient Rome starting about the fourth century BC.
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Scythed chariot
The scythed chariot was a war chariot with scythe blades mounted on each side, employed in ancient times.
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Second Persian invasion of Greece
The second Persian invasion of Greece (480–479 BC) occurred during the Greco-Persian Wars, as King Xerxes I of Persia sought to conquer all of Greece.
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Shield
A shield is a piece of personal armour held in the hand or mounted on the wrist or forearm.
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Siege engine
A siege engine is a device that is designed to break or circumvent heavy castle doors, thick city walls and other fortifications in siege warfare.
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Socii
The socii (in Classical Latin; in Italian Latin; in English; "allies") were the autonomous tribes and city-states of the Italian Peninsula in permanent military alliance with the Roman Republic until the Social War of 91–88 BC.
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Socrates
Socrates (Sōkrátēs,; – 399 BC) was a classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, and as being the first moral philosopher, of the Western ethical tradition of thought.
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Sparta
Sparta (Doric Greek: Σπάρτα, Spártā; Attic Greek: Σπάρτη, Spártē) was a prominent city-state in ancient Greece.
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Spartan army
The Spartan army stood at the center of the Spartan state, whose citizens trained in the disciplines and honor of a warrior society.
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Spear
A spear is a pole weapon consisting of a shaft, usually of wood, with a pointed head.
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Thames & Hudson
Thames & Hudson (also Thames and Hudson and sometimes T&H for brevity) is a publisher of illustrated books on art, architecture, design, and visual culture.
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The Other Greeks
The Other Greeks: The Family Farm and the Agrarian Roots of Western Civilization is a 1995 book by Victor Davis Hanson, in which the author describes the underlying agriculturally centered laws, warfare, and family life of the Greek Archaic or polis period.
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Thebes, Greece
Thebes (Θῆβαι, Thēbai,;. Θήβα, Thíva) is a city in Boeotia, central Greece.
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Thermopylae
Thermopylae (Ancient and Katharevousa Greek: Θερμοπύλαι, Demotic: Θερμοπύλες: "hot gates") is a place in Greece where a narrow coastal passage existed in antiquity.
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Thorakitai
The thorakitai (θωρακίται, singular: θωρακίτης, thorakites) were a type of soldier in Hellenistic armies similar to the thureophoroi.
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Thyreophoroi
The thyreophoroi or thureophoroi (θυρεοφόροι; singular: thureophoros/thyreophoros, θυρεοφόρος) was a type of infantry soldier, common in the 3rd to 1st centuries BC, who carried a large oval shield called a thureos which had a type of metal strip boss and a central spine.
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Thyreos
A thyreos (θυρεός) was a large oval shield which was commonly used in Hellenistic armies from the 3rd century BC on.
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Triarii
Triarii (singular: Triarius) were one of the elements of the early Roman military manipular legions of the early Roman Republic (509 BC – 107 BC).
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Victor Davis Hanson
Victor Davis Hanson (born September 5, 1953) is an American classicist, military historian, columnist, and farmer.
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Wicker
Wicker is a technique for making products woven from any one of a variety of cane-like materials, a generic name for the materials used in such manufacture, and a term for the items so produced.
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Xiphos
The xiphos (ξίφος) is a double-edged, one-handed Iron Age straight shortsword used by the ancient Greeks.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoplite
