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41 relations: Amphiphile, Bleb (cell biology), Calcium channel, Calpain-1, Calpain-2, Cell death, Ciguatera fish poisoning, Dinoflagellate, Ester, Ether, Fatty acid, Gambierdiscus toxicus, Harvard University, Hydroxy group, Ion channel, K. C. Nicolaou, Lysis, Mass spectrometry, Median lethal dose, Methyl group, Microgram, Molecule, Na+/K+-ATPase, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Organism, Palytoxin, Peritoneum, Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase, Polyketide synthase, Polysaccharide, Protease, Protein, Striated surgeonfish, Sulfuric acid, Tahiti, Tohoku University, Total synthesis, Toxicity, Toxin, University of Tokyo, Yoshito Kishi.
Amphiphile
An amphiphile (from the Greek αμφις, amphis: both and φιλíα, philia: love, friendship) is a chemical compound possessing both hydrophilic (water-loving, polar) and lipophilic (fat-loving) properties.
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Bleb (cell biology)
In cell biology, a bleb is a bulge or protrusion of the plasma membrane of a cell, human bioparticulate or abscess with an internal environment similar to that of a simple cell, characterized by a spherical, bulky morphology.
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Calcium channel
A calcium channel is an ion channel which shows selective permeability to calcium ions.
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Calpain-1
Calpain-1 (mu-calpain, calcium-activated neutral protease I) is an enzyme.
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Calpain-2
Calpain-2 (calcium-activated neutral protease II, m-calpain, milli-calpain) is an enzyme.
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Cell death
Cell death is the event of a biological cell ceasing to carry out its functions.
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Ciguatera fish poisoning
Ciguatera fish poisoning, also known simply as ciguatera, is a foodborne illness caused by eating reef fish whose flesh is contaminated with certain toxins.
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Dinoflagellate
The dinoflagellates (Greek δῖνος dinos "whirling" and Latin flagellum "whip, scourge") are a large group of flagellate eukaryotes that constitute the phylum Dinoflagellata.
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Ester
In chemistry, an ester is a chemical compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group.
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Ether
Ethers are a class of organic compounds that contain an ether group—an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups.
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Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated.
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Gambierdiscus toxicus
Gambierdiscus toxicus is a species of dinoflagellates that can cause ciguatera.
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Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Hydroxy group
A hydroxy or hydroxyl group is the entity with the formula OH.
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Ion channel
Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore.
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K. C. Nicolaou
Kyriacos Costa Nicolaou (Κυριάκος Κ. Νικολάου) is a Cypriot-American chemist known for his research in the area of natural products total synthesis.
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Lysis
Lysis (Greek λύσις lýsis, "a loosing" from λύειν lýein, "to unbind") refers to the breaking down of the membrane of a cell, often by viral, enzymic, or osmotic (that is, "lytic") mechanisms that compromise its integrity.
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Mass spectrometry
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that ionizes chemical species and sorts the ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio.
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Median lethal dose
In toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD50 (abbreviation for "lethal dose, 50%"), LC50 (lethal concentration, 50%) or LCt50 is a measure of the lethal dose of a toxin, radiation, or pathogen.
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Methyl group
A methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms — CH3.
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Microgram
In the metric system, a microgram or microgramme (μg; the recommended symbol in the United States when communicating medical information is mcg) is a unit of mass equal to one millionth of a gram.
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Molecule
A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
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Na+/K+-ATPase
-ATPase (sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase, also known as the pump or sodium–potassium pump) is an enzyme (an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase) found in the plasma membrane of all animal cells.
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Nuclear magnetic resonance
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a physical phenomenon in which nuclei in a magnetic field absorb and re-emit electromagnetic radiation.
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Organism
In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life.
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Palytoxin
Palytoxin, PTX or PLTX is an intense vasoconstrictor, and is considered to be one of the most poisonous non-protein substances known, second only to maitotoxin in terms of toxicity in mice.
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Peritoneum
The peritoneum is the serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or coelom in amniotes and some invertebrates, such as annelids.
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Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase
The plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA) is a transport protein in the plasma membrane of cells and functions to remove calcium (Ca2+) from the cell.
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Polyketide synthase
Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are a family of multi-domain enzymes or enzyme complexes that produce polyketides, a large class of secondary metabolites, in bacteria, fungi, plants, and a few animal lineages.
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Polysaccharide
Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate molecules composed of long chains of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages, and on hydrolysis give the constituent monosaccharides or oligosaccharides.
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Protease
A protease (also called a peptidase or proteinase) is an enzyme that performs proteolysis: protein catabolism by hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Striated surgeonfish
The striated surgeonfish, Ctenochaetus striatus, is a species of marine fish in the family Acanthuridae.
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Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid (alternative spelling sulphuric acid) is a mineral acid with molecular formula H2SO4.
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Tahiti
Tahiti (previously also known as Otaheite (obsolete) is the largest island in the Windward group of French Polynesia. The island is located in the archipelago of the Society Islands in the central Southern Pacific Ocean, and is divided into two parts: the bigger, northwestern part, Tahiti Nui, and the smaller, southeastern part, Tahiti Iti. The island was formed from volcanic activity and is high and mountainous with surrounding coral reefs. The population is 189,517 inhabitants (2017 census), making it the most populous island of French Polynesia and accounting for 68.7% of its total population. Tahiti is the economic, cultural and political centre of French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity (sometimes referred to as an overseas country) of France. The capital of French Polynesia, Papeete, is located on the northwest coast of Tahiti. The only international airport in the region, Fa'a'ā International Airport, is on Tahiti near Papeete. Tahiti was originally settled by Polynesians between 300 and 800AD. They represent about 70% of the island's population, with the rest made up of Europeans, Chinese and those of mixed heritage. The island was part of the Kingdom of Tahiti until its annexation by France in 1880, when it was proclaimed a colony of France, and the inhabitants became French citizens. French is the only official language, although the Tahitian language (Reo Tahiti) is widely spoken.
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Tohoku University
, abbreviated to, located in Sendai, Miyagi in the Tōhoku Region, Japan, is a Japanese national university.
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Total synthesis
Total synthesis is the complete chemical synthesis of a complex molecule, often a natural product, from simple, commercially available precursors.
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Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism.
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Toxin
A toxin (from toxikon) is a poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms; synthetic toxicants created by artificial processes are thus excluded.
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University of Tokyo
, abbreviated as or UTokyo, is a public research university located in Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Yoshito Kishi
is the Morris Loeb Professor of Chemistry at Harvard University.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitotoxin
