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173 relations: Abortion, Abortion debate, Acres of Skin, Advance healthcare directive, American Medical Association, Analgesic, Animal testing, Apothecaries Act 1815, Applied ethics, Assisted suicide, Autonomy, Avicenna, Baby Doe Law, Baby K, Baruch Brody, Beneficence (ethics), Bioethics, Blood transfusion, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Casuistry, Catholic Church, Catholic moral theology, Charles Curran (theologian), Chester M. Southam, Children in clinical research, Christian, Christian ethics, Clergy, Clinical equipoise, Clinical Ethics, Clinical governance, Clinical research ethics, Communication, Conflict of interest, Continuing medical education, Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, Council of Europe, Darkness in El Dorado, David Reimer, Declaration of Geneva, Declaration of Helsinki, Declaration of Tokyo, Deep sleep therapy, Democracy Now!, Dignity, Dignity in Dying, Dilemma, Do not resuscitate, Doctor–patient relationship, Doctors' trial, ..., Duty, Edmund Pellegrino, Empathy, Ethical code, Ethics committee, Ethics of circumcision, Eugenics, Euthanasia, Evidence-based medical ethics, Fee splitting, Fiduciary, Formula Comitis Archiatrorum, Freedom, Gene therapy, General Medical Council, Good clinical practice, Greenberg v. Miami Children's Hospital Research Institute, Health care, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, Hemlock Society, Henrietta Lacks, Hippocratic Oath, Honesty, Hospital accreditation, Human cloning, Human radiation experiments, Human rights, Human rights in Europe, Hypochondriasis, In re Quinlan, Informed consent, Informed refusal, Institutional review board, International human rights law, Ishaq bin Ali al-Rohawi, Islamic bioethics, James Childress, Jesse Gelsinger, Jewish medical ethics, Joint Commission, Joseph Fletcher, Judeo-Islamic philosophies (800–1400), Justice (ethics), Liberalism, Libertarian paternalism, List of bioethics journals, MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, Madhouse: A Tragic Tale of Megalomania and Modern Medicine, Maimonides, Mainline Protestant, Medical Apartheid, Medical Code of Ethics, Medical ethics, Medical law, Medical Law International, Medical license, Medical malpractice, Medical Protection Society, Medical torture, Medicine, Medicine in the medieval Islamic world, Milgram experiment, Military medical ethics, Monster Study, Moore v. Regents of the University of California, Morphine, Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi, Next of kin, Nuremberg Code, Nursing ethics, Organ transplantation, Ostrogoths, Parliament of the United Kingdom, Paternalism, Patient abuse, Patients' rights, Pharmacological torture, Phases of clinical research, Philosopher, Philosophy of healthcare, Plastic surgery, Political abuse of psychiatry, Power of attorney, Primary care ethics, Primum non nocere, Procedural justice, Project MKUltra, Recombinant DNA, Research ethics consultation, Resources for clinical ethics consultation, Respect for persons, Right to health, Roe v. Wade, Rule of law, Ruth Faden, Scholasticism, Secularity, Seven Sins of Medicine, Society, Spiritualism (beliefs), Stanford prison experiment, Sweden, The Canon of Medicine, The Citadel (novel), The Hastings Center, The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, The Linacre Quarterly, The Plutonium Files, Theoderic the Great, Thomas Aquinas, Thomas Percival, Tom Beauchamp, Torbjörn Tännsjö, Tuskegee syphilis experiment, UNESCO, Unethical human experimentation, United Nations, United Nations Principles of Medical Ethics, United States, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Western world, Willowbrook State School, World Medical Association. Expand index (123 more) »
Abortion
Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing an embryo or fetus before it can survive outside the uterus.
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Abortion debate
The abortion debate is the ongoing controversy surrounding the moral, legal, and religious status of induced abortion.
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Acres of Skin
Acres of Skin: Human Experiments at Holmesburg Prison is a 1998 book by Allen Hornblum.
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Advance healthcare directive
An advance healthcare directive, also known as living will, personal directive, advance directive, medical directive or advance decision, is a legal document in which a person specifies what actions should be taken for their health if they are no longer able to make decisions for themselves because of illness or incapacity.
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American Medical Association
The American Medical Association (AMA), founded in 1847 and incorporated in 1897, is the largest association of physicians—both MDs and DOs—and medical students in the United States.
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Analgesic
An analgesic or painkiller is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia, relief from pain.
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Animal testing
Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study.
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Apothecaries Act 1815
The Apothecaries Act 1815 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (citation 55 Geo.lll, c.194) with the long title "An Act for better regulating the Practice of Apothecaries throughout England and Wales".
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Applied ethics
Applied ethics is the branch of ethics concerned with the analysis of particular moral issues in private and public life.
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Assisted suicide
Assisted suicide is suicide committed with the aid of another person, sometimes a physician.
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Autonomy
In development or moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, un-coerced decision.
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Avicenna
Avicenna (also Ibn Sīnā or Abu Ali Sina; ابن سینا; – June 1037) was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, thinkers and writers of the Islamic Golden Age.
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Baby Doe Law
The Baby Doe Law or Baby Doe Amendment is the name of an amendment to the Child Abuse Law passed in 1984 in the United States that sets forth specific criteria and guidelines for the treatment of seriously ill and/or disabled newborns, regardless of the wishes of the parents.
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Baby K
Stephanie Keene (October 13, 1992 – April 5, 1995), better known by the pseudonym Baby K, was an anencephalic baby who became the center of a major U.S. court case and a debate among bioethicists.
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Baruch Brody
Baruch A. Brody (21 April 1943 – 30 May 2018) was an American bioethicist who was among the first scholars in the field of applied ethics to write about abortion in the era following Roe v. Wade.
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Beneficence (ethics)
Beneficence is a concept in research ethics which states that researchers should have the welfare of the research participant as a goal of any clinical trial or other research study.
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Bioethics
Bioethics is the study of the ethical issues emerging from advances in biology and medicine.
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Blood transfusion
Blood transfusion is generally the process of receiving blood or blood products into one's circulation intravenously.
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure that combines chest compressions often with artificial ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.
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Casuistry
Casuistry is a method in applied ethics and jurisprudence, often characterised as a critique of principle - or rule-based reasoning.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Catholic moral theology
Catholic moral theology is a major category of doctrine in the Catholic Church, equivalent to a religious ethics.
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Charles Curran (theologian)
Charles E. Curran (born March 30, 1934) is a Roman Catholic priest and moral theologian.
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Chester M. Southam
Chester M. Southam (October 4, 1919 – April 5, 2002) was an immunologist and oncologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Cornell University Medical College; he went to Thomas Jefferson University in 1971 and worked there until the end of his career.
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Children in clinical research
In health care, a clinical trial is a comparison test of a medication or other medical treatment (such as a medical device), versus a placebo (inactive look-alike), other medications or devices, or the standard medical treatment for a patient's condition.
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Christian
A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
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Christian ethics
Christian ethics is a branch of Christian theology that defines virtuous behavior and wrong behavior from a Christian perspective.
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Clergy
Clergy are some of the main and important formal leaders within certain religions.
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Clinical equipoise
Clinical equipoise, also known as the principle of equipoise, provides the ethical basis for medical research that involves assigning patients to different treatment arms of a clinical trial.
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Clinical Ethics
Clinical Ethics is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers medical ethics.
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Clinical governance
Clinical governance is a systematic approach to maintaining and improving the quality of patient care within the National Health Service, (NHS).
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Clinical research ethics
Clinical research ethics are the set of relevant ethics considered in the conduct of a clinical trial in the field of clinical research.
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Communication
Communication (from Latin commūnicāre, meaning "to share") is the act of conveying intended meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually understood signs and semiotic rules.
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Conflict of interest
A conflict of interest (COI) is a situation in which a person or organization is involved in multiple interests, financial or otherwise, and serving one interest could involve working against another.
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Continuing medical education
Continuing medical education (CME) refers to a specific form of continuing education (CE) that helps those in the medical field maintain competence and learn about new and developing areas of their field.
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Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences
The Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) is an international nongovernmental organization established jointly by WHO and UNESCO in 1949.
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Council of Europe
The Council of Europe (CoE; Conseil de l'Europe) is an international organisation whose stated aim is to uphold human rights, democracy and the rule of law in Europe.
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Darkness in El Dorado
Darkness in El Dorado: How Scientists and Journalists Devastated the Amazon (2000) is a polemical book by author Patrick Tierney, in which the author accuses geneticist James Neel and anthropologist Napoleon Chagnon of conducting human research without regard for their subjects' well-being while conducting long-term ethnographic field work among the indigenous Yanomamö, in the Amazon Basin between Venezuela and Brazil.
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David Reimer
David Peter Reimer (1965–2004) was a Canadian man born male but reassigned as a girl and raised female following medical advice and intervention after his penis was accidentally destroyed during a botched circumcision in infancy.
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Declaration of Geneva
The Declaration of Geneva (Physician's Pledge) was adopted by the General Assembly of the World Medical Association at Geneva in 1948, amended in 1968, 1983, 1994, editorially revised in 2005 and 2006 and amended in 2017.
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Declaration of Helsinki
The Declaration of Helsinki (DoH) is a set of ethical principles regarding human experimentation developed for the medical community by the World Medical Association (WMA).
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Declaration of Tokyo
The Declaration of Tokyo is a set of international guidelines for physicians concerning torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment in relation to detention and imprisonment, which was adopted in October 1975 during the 29th General assembly of the World Medical Association, and later editorially updated by the WMA in France, May 2005 and 2006.
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Deep sleep therapy
Deep sleep therapy (DST), also called prolonged sleep treatment or continuous narcosis, is a psychiatric treatment in which drugs are used to keep patients unconscious for a period of days or weeks.
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Democracy Now!
Democracy Now! is an hour-long American TV, radio and internet news program hosted by journalists Amy Goodman and Juan González.
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Dignity
Dignity is the right of a person to be valued and respected for their own sake, and to be treated ethically.
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Dignity in Dying
Dignity in Dying (originally The Voluntary Euthanasia Legalisation Society) is a United Kingdom nationwide campaigning organisation.
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Dilemma
A dilemma (δίλημμα "double proposition") is a problem offering two unrelated possibilities, neither of which is unambiguously acceptable or preferable.
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Do not resuscitate
Do not resuscitate (DNR), also known as no code or allow natural death, is a legal order written either in the hospital or on a legal form to withhold cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or advanced cardiac life support (ACLS), in respect of the wishes of a patient in case their heart were to stop or they were to stop breathing.
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Doctor–patient relationship
The doctor–patient relationship is a central part of health care and the practice of medicine.
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Doctors' trial
The Doctors' trial (officially United States of America v. Karl Brandt, et al.) was the second of 12 trials for war crimes of German doctors that the United States authorities held in their occupation zone in Nuremberg, Germany, after the end of World War II.
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Duty
A duty (from "due" meaning "that which is owing"; deu, did, past participle of devoir; debere, debitum, whence "debt") is a commitment or expectation to perform some action in general or if certain circumstances arise.
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Edmund Pellegrino
Edmund Daniel Pellegrino (June 22, 1920 - June 13, 2013) was an American bioethicist and academic who served as the 11th president of The Catholic University of America (CUA) from 1978 to 1982.
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Empathy
Empathy is the capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing from within their frame of reference, i.e., the capacity to place oneself in another's position.
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Ethical code
Ethical codes are adopted by organizations to assist members in understanding the difference between 'right' and 'wrong' and in applying that understanding to their decisions.
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Ethics committee
An ethics committee is a body responsible for ensuring that medical experimentation and human research are carried out in an ethical manner in accordance with national and international law.
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Ethics of circumcision
Male circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin (prepuce) from the human penis.
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Eugenics
Eugenics (from Greek εὐγενής eugenes 'well-born' from εὖ eu, 'good, well' and γένος genos, 'race, stock, kin') is a set of beliefs and practices that aims at improving the genetic quality of a human population.
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Euthanasia
Euthanasia (from εὐθανασία; "good death": εὖ, eu; "well" or "good" – θάνατος, thanatos; "death") is the practice of intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering.
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Evidence-based medical ethics
Evidence-based medical ethics is a form of medical ethics that uses knowledge from ethical principles, legal precedent, and evidence-based medicine to draw solutions to ethical dilemmas in the health care field.
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Fee splitting
Fee splitting is the practice of sharing fees with professional colleagues, such as physicians or lawyers, in return for being sent referrals.
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Fiduciary
A fiduciary is a person who holds a legal or ethical relationship of trust with one or more other parties (person or group of persons).
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Formula Comitis Archiatrorum
Formula Comitis Archiatrorum is the earliest known code of medical ethics.
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Freedom
Freedom, generally, is having an ability to act or change without constraint.
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Gene therapy
In the medicine field, gene therapy (also called human gene transfer) is the therapeutic delivery of nucleic acid into a patient's cells as a drug to treat disease.
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General Medical Council
The General Medical Council (GMC) is a public body that maintains the official register of medical practitioners within the United Kingdom.
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Good clinical practice
Good clinical practice (GCP) is an international quality standard that is provided by ICH, an international body that defines a set of standards, which governments can then transpose into regulations for clinical trials involving human subjects.
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Greenberg v. Miami Children's Hospital Research Institute
Greenberg v. Miami Children's Hospital Research Institute was a May 29, 2003, decision by the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida which ruled that individuals do not own their tissue samples when researchers take them for testing.
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Health care
Health care or healthcare is the maintenance or improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in human beings.
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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) was enacted by the United States Congress and signed by President Bill Clinton in 1996.
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Hemlock Society
The Hemlock Society (sometimes called Hemlock Society USA) was an American right-to-die and assisted suicide advocacy organization which existed from 1980 to 2003.
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Henrietta Lacks
Henrietta Lacks (born Loretta Pleasant; August 1, 1920 – October 4, 1951) Note: Some sources report her birthday as August 2, 1920, vs.
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Hippocratic Oath
The Hippocratic Oath is an oath historically taken by physicians.
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Honesty
Honesty refers to a facet of moral character and connotes positive and virtuous attributes such as integrity, truthfulness, straightforwardness, including straightforwardness of conduct, along with the absence of lying, cheating, theft, etc.
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Hospital accreditation
Hospital accreditation has been defined as “A self-assessment and external peer assessment process used by health care organizations to accurately assess their level of performance in relation to established standards and to implement ways to continuously improve”.
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Human cloning
Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy (or clone) of a human.
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Human radiation experiments
Since the discovery of ionizing radiation, a number of human radiation experiments have been performed to understand the effects of ionizing radiation and radioactive contamination on the human body, specifically with the element plutonium.
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Human rights
Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, December 13, 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,, Retrieved August 14, 2014 that describe certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights in municipal and international law.
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Human rights in Europe
Human rights in Europe are generally upheld.
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Hypochondriasis
Hypochondriasis or hypochondria is a condition in which a person is excessively and unduly worried about having a serious illness.
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In re Quinlan
In re Quinlan (70 N.J. 10, 355 A.2d 647 (NJ 1976)) was a landmark 1975 court case in the United States in which the parents of a woman who was kept alive by artificial means were allowed to order her removal from artificial ventilation.
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Informed consent
Informed consent is a process for getting permission before conducting a healthcare intervention on a person, or for disclosing personal information.
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Informed refusal
Informed refusal is where a person has refused a recommended medical treatment based upon an understanding of the facts and implications of not following the treatment.
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Institutional review board
An institutional review board (IRB), also known as an independent ethics committee (IEC), ethical review board (ERB), or research ethics board (REB), is a type of committee that applies research ethics by reviewing the methods proposed for research to ensure that they are ethical.
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International human rights law
International human rights law (IHRL) is the body of international law designed to promote human rights on social, regional, and domestic levels.
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Ishaq bin Ali al-Rohawi
Ishāq bin Ali al-Rohawi (إسحاق بن علي الرهاوي) was a 9th-century Arab physician and the author of the first medical ethics book in Arabic medicine.
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Islamic bioethics
Islamic bioethics, or Islamic medical ethics, (الأخلاق الطبية al-akhlaq al-tibbiyyah) refers to Islamic guidance on ethical or moral issues relating to medical and scientific fields, in particular, those dealing with human life.
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James Childress
James Franklin Childress (born October 4, 1940) is a philosopher and theologian whose scholarship addresses ethics, particularly biomedical ethics.
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Jesse Gelsinger
Jesse Gelsinger (18 June 1981 – 17 September 1999) was the first person publicly identified as having died in a clinical trial for gene therapy.
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Jewish medical ethics
Jewish medical ethics is a modern scholarly and clinical approach to medical ethics that draws upon Jewish thought and teachings.
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Joint Commission
The Joint Commission is a United States-based nonprofit tax-exempt 501(c) organization that accredits more than 21,000 US health care organizations and programs.
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Joseph Fletcher
Joseph Francis Fletcher (April 10, 1905 in Newark, New Jersey - October 28, 1991 in Charlottesville, Virginia) was an American professor who founded the theory of situational ethics in the 1960s, and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics.
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Judeo-Islamic philosophies (800–1400)
This article covers the influence of Jewish and Islamic philosophy on each other, focusing especially on the period from 800–1400 CE.
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Justice (ethics)
In research ethics, justice is the fair selection of research participants.
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Liberalism
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty and equality.
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Libertarian paternalism
Libertarian paternalism is the idea that it is both possible and legitimate for private and public institutions to affect behavior while also respecting freedom of choice, as well as the implementation of that idea.
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List of bioethics journals
This is a list of peer-reviewed academic journals covering the field of bioethics.
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MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics
The MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, founded in 1981, is a non-profit clinical medical ethics research institute based in the United States.
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Madhouse: A Tragic Tale of Megalomania and Modern Medicine
Madhouse: A Tragic Tale of Megalomania and Modern Medicine is a 2005 book by the psychiatric sociologist Andrew Scull which discusses the work of controversial psychiatrist Henry Cotton at Trenton State Hospital in New Jersey in the 1920s.
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Maimonides
Moses ben Maimon (Mōšeh bēn-Maymūn; موسى بن ميمون Mūsā bin Maymūn), commonly known as Maimonides (Μαϊμωνίδης Maïmōnídēs; Moses Maimonides), and also referred to by the acronym Rambam (for Rabbeinu Mōšeh bēn Maimun, "Our Rabbi Moses son of Maimon"), was a medieval Sephardic Jewish philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages.
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Mainline Protestant
The mainline Protestant churches (also called mainstream Protestant and sometimes oldline Protestant) are a group of Protestant denominations in the United States that contrast in history and practice with evangelical, fundamentalist, and charismatic Protestant denominations.
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Medical Apartheid
Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present is a 2007 book by Harriet A. Washington.
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Medical Code of Ethics
Medical Code of Ethics this document establishing the ethical rules of behaviour of physicians and dental practitioners, defining the priorities of their professional work, showing the principles in the relations with patients, other physicians and the rest of community.
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Medical ethics
Medical ethics is a system of moral principles that apply values to the practice of clinical medicine and in scientific research.
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Medical law
Medical law is the branch of law which concerns the prerogatives and responsibilities of medical professionals and the rights of the patient.
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Medical Law International
Medical Law International is a peer-reviewed law review that covers issues in medical law, bioethics, and health governance.
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Medical license
A medical license is an occupational license that permits a person to legally practice medicine.
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Medical malpractice
Medical malpractice is a legal cause of action that occurs when a medical or health care professional deviates from standards in his or her profession, thereby causing injury to a patient.
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Medical Protection Society
The Medical Protection Society (MPS) is the world’s leading protection organisation for medical, dental (through its subsidiary company Dental Protection Ltd.) and healthcare professionals.
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Medical torture
Medical torture describes the involvement of, or sometimes instigation by, medical personnel in acts of torture, either to judge what victims can endure, to apply treatments which will enhance torture, or as torturers in their own right.
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Medicine
Medicine is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.
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Medicine in the medieval Islamic world
In the history of medicine, Islamic medicine is the science of medicine developed in the Islamic Golden Age, and written in Arabic, the lingua franca of Islamic civilization.
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Milgram experiment
The Milgram experiment on obedience to authority figures was a series of social psychology experiments conducted by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram.
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Military medical ethics
Military medical ethics (MME) is a specialized branch of medical ethics with implications for military ethics.
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Monster Study
The Monster Study was a stuttering experiment performed on 22 orphan children in Davenport, Iowa in 1939.
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Moore v. Regents of the University of California
Moore v. Regents of the University of California was a landmark Supreme Court of California decision.
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Morphine
Morphine is a pain medication of the opiate variety which is found naturally in a number of plants and animals.
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Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi
Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyyā al-Rāzī (Abūbakr Mohammad-e Zakariyyā-ye Rāzī, also known by his Latinized name Rhazes or Rasis) (854–925 CE), was a Persian polymath, physician, alchemist, philosopher, and important figure in the history of medicine.
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Next of kin
A person's next of kin (NOK) is that person's closest living blood relative or relatives.
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Nuremberg Code
The Nuremberg Code (Nürnberger Kodex) is a set of research ethics principles for human experimentation set as a result of the subsequent Nuremberg trials at the end of the Second World War.
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Nursing ethics
Nursing ethics is a branch of applied ethics that concerns itself with activities in the field of nursing.
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Organ transplantation
Organ transplantation is a medical procedure in which an organ is removed from one body and placed in the body of a recipient, to replace a damaged or missing organ.
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Ostrogoths
The Ostrogoths (Ostrogothi, Austrogothi) were the eastern branch of the later Goths (the other major branch being the Visigoths).
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Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Parliament of the United Kingdom, commonly known as the UK Parliament or British Parliament, is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, the Crown dependencies and overseas territories.
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Paternalism
Paternalism is action limiting a person's or group's liberty or autonomy which is intended to promote their own good.
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Patient abuse
Patient abuse or neglect is any action or failure to act which causes unreasonable suffering, misery or harm to the patient.
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Patients' rights
A patient's bill of rights is a list of guarantees for those receiving medical care.
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Pharmacological torture
Pharmacological torture is the use of psychotropic or other drugs to punish or extract information from a person.
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Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the steps in which scientists do experiments with a health intervention in an attempt to find enough evidence for a process which would be useful as a medical treatment.
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Philosopher
A philosopher is someone who practices philosophy, which involves rational inquiry into areas that are outside either theology or science.
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Philosophy of healthcare
The philosophy of healthcare is the study of the ethics, processes, and people which constitute the maintenance of health for human beings.
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Plastic surgery
Plastic surgery is a surgical specialty involving the restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body.
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Political abuse of psychiatry
Political abuse of psychiatry is the misuse of psychiatry, including diagnosis, detention, and treatment, for the purposes of obstructing the human rights of individuals and/or groups in a society.
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Power of attorney
A power of attorney (POA) or letter of attorney is a written authorization to represent or act on another's behalf in private affairs, business, or some other legal matter.
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Primary care ethics
Primary care ethics is the study of the everyday decisions that primary care clinicians make, such as: how long to spend with a particular patient, how to reconcile their own values and those of their patients, when and where to refer or investigate, how to respect confidentiality when dealing with patients, relatives and third parties.
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Primum non nocere
Primum non nocere is a Latin phrase that means "first, to do no harm." The phrase is sometimes recorded as primum nil nocere.
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Procedural justice
Procedural justice is the idea of fairness in the processes that resolve disputes and allocate resources.
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Project MKUltra
Project MKUltra, also called the CIA mind control program, is the code name given to a program of experiments on human subjects that were designed and undertaken by the United States Central Intelligence Agency—and which were, at times, illegal.
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Recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA (rDNA) molecules are DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination (such as molecular cloning) to bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in the genome.
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Research ethics consultation
Analogous to clinical ethics consultation, Research Ethics Consultation (REC) describes a formal way for researchers to solicit and receive expert ethical guidance related to biomedical research.
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Resources for clinical ethics consultation
Clinical ethics support services initially developed in the United States of America, following court cases such as the Karen Ann Quinlan case, which stressed the need for mechanisms to resolve ethical disputes within health care.
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Respect for persons
Respect for persons is the concept that all people deserve the right to fully exercise their autonomy.
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Right to health
The right to health is the economic, social and cultural right to a universal minimum standard of health to which all individuals are entitled.
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Roe v. Wade
Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), is a landmark decision issued in 1973 by the United States Supreme Court on the issue of the constitutionality of laws that criminalized or restricted access to abortions.
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Rule of law
The rule of law is the "authority and influence of law in society, especially when viewed as a constraint on individual and institutional behavior; (hence) the principle whereby all members of a society (including those in government) are considered equally subject to publicly disclosed legal codes and processes".
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Ruth Faden
Ruth R. Faden, PhD, MPH, is the founder of the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics.
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Scholasticism
Scholasticism is a method of critical thought which dominated teaching by the academics ("scholastics", or "schoolmen") of medieval universities in Europe from about 1100 to 1700, and a program of employing that method in articulating and defending dogma in an increasingly pluralistic context.
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Secularity
Secularity (adjective form secular, from Latin saeculum meaning "worldly", "of a generation", "temporal", or a span of about 100 years) is the state of being separate from religion, or of not being exclusively allied with or against any particular religion.
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Seven Sins of Medicine
The Seven Sins of Medicine, by Richard Asher, are a perspective on medical ethics first published in The Lancet in 1949.
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Society
A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.
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Spiritualism (beliefs)
Spiritualism is a metaphysical belief that the world is made up of at least two fundamental substances, matter and spirit.
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Stanford prison experiment
The Stanford prison experiment was a 1971 experiment that attempted to investigate the psychological effects of perceived power, focusing on the struggle between prisoners and prison officers.
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Sweden
Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.
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The Canon of Medicine
The Canon of Medicine (القانون في الطب al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb) is an encyclopedia of medicine in five books compiled by Persian philosopher Avicenna (Ibn Sina) and completed in 1025.
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The Citadel (novel)
The Citadel is a novel by A. J. Cronin, first published in 1937, which was groundbreaking with its treatment of the contentious theme of medical ethics.
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The Hastings Center
The Hastings Center is an independent, non-partisan bioethics research institute based in Garrison, New York.
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The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics
The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic medical journal covering medical ethics and medical law.
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The Linacre Quarterly
The Linacre Quarterly is a peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 1932.
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The Plutonium Files
The Plutonium Files: America's Secret Medical Experiments in the Cold War is a 1999 book by Eileen Welsome.
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Theoderic the Great
Theoderic the Great (454 – 30 August 526), often referred to as Theodoric (*𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃,, Flāvius Theodericus, Teodorico, Θευδέριχος,, Þēodrīc, Þjōðrēkr, Theoderich), was king of the Ostrogoths (475–526), ruler of Italy (493–526), regent of the Visigoths (511–526), and a patricius of the Roman Empire.
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Thomas Aquinas
Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225 – 7 March 1274) was an Italian Dominican friar, Catholic priest, and Doctor of the Church.
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Thomas Percival
Thomas Percival FRS FRSE FSA (1740–1804) was an English physician, health reformer, ethicist and author, best known for crafting perhaps the first modern code of medical ethics.
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Tom Beauchamp
Tom L. Beauchamp is an American philosopher specializing in philosophy of David Hume, moral philosophy, bioethics, and animal ethics.
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Torbjörn Tännsjö
Torbjörn Tännsjö (born 1946 in Västerås) is a Swedish professor of philosophy and public intellectual.
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Tuskegee syphilis experiment
The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male, also known as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study or Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment was an infamous clinical study conducted between 1932 and 1972 by the U.S. Public Health Service.
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UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.
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Unethical human experimentation
Unethical human experimentation is human experimentation that violates the principles of medical ethics, such as the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki.
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United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.
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United Nations Principles of Medical Ethics
The UN Principles of Medical Ethics is a code of medical ethics relating to the "roles of health personnel in the protection of persons against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.", adopted by the United Nations on 18 December 1982 at the 111th plenary meeting of the United Nations General Assembly.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a historic document that was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly at its third session on 10 December 1948 as Resolution 217 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France.
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Western world
The Western world refers to various nations depending on the context, most often including at least part of Europe and the Americas.
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Willowbrook State School
Willowbrook State School was a state-supported institution for children with intellectual disability located in the Willowbrook neighborhood on Staten Island in New York City from 1947 until 1987.
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World Medical Association
The World Medical Association (WMA) is an international and independent confederation of free professional medical associations, therefore representing physicians worldwide.
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Redirects here:
Clinical ethics, Clinical medical ethics, Ethics in Medicine, Ethics in medicine, Health Ethics, Health ethics, Medical Ethics, Medical ethicist.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_ethics
