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78 relations: Adherens junction, Blastocyst, Bone morphogenetic protein, C-Fos, Cancer, Cartilage, CDH1 (gene), CDH2, Cell membrane, Circulatory system, Cnidaria, Coelom, Coenenchyme, Colony (biology), Connective tissue, Ctenophora, Ectoderm, Embryogenesis, Embryology, Endocytosis, Endoderm, Epiblast, Epidermis, Epithelial–mesenchymal transition, Epithelium, Extracellular matrix, Fibroblast, Fibronectin, Flatworm, Gastrodermis, Gastrulation, Ground substance, Ground tissue, H&E stain, Hertwig, Hydrozoa, Intramembranous ossification, Invertebrate zoology, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Lymphatic system, Matrix (biology), Melanocyte, Mesenchymal stem cell, Mesenchymal–epithelial transition, Mesenchyme, Mesoderm, Mesoglea, Mesohyl, Micrograph, Microtubule, ..., Neural cell adhesion molecule, Neural crest, Neuroectoderm, NODAL, Noggin (protein), Oncogene, Paraxial mesoderm, Parenchyma, Peripheral nervous system, Placenta, Primitive streak, Reticular fiber, Sarcoma, Skeletal muscle, Somite, SOX gene family, Sponge, Tight junction, Transmission electron microscopy, Triploblasty, Trophoblast, Ultrastructure, Uterus, Vitronectin, Wharton's jelly, Wnt signaling pathway, WNT3, WNT6. Expand index (28 more) »
Adherens junction
Adherens junctions (or zonula adherens, intermediate junction, or "belt desmosome") are protein complexes that occur at cell–cell junctions in epithelial and endothelial tissues, usually more basal than tight junctions.
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Blastocyst
The blastocyst is a structure formed in the early development of mammals.
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Bone morphogenetic protein
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of growth factors also known as cytokines and as metabologens.
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C-Fos
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, c-Fos is a proto-oncogene that is the human homolog of the retroviral oncogene v-fos.
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Cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
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Cartilage
Cartilage is a resilient and smooth elastic tissue, a rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints, and is a structural component of the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the bronchial tubes, the intervertebral discs, and many other body components.
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CDH1 (gene)
Cadherin-1 also known as CAM 120/80 or epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) or uvomorulin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDH1 gene.
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CDH2
N-cadherin, also known as Cadherin-2 (CDH2) or neural cadherin (NCAD) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDH2 gene.
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Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space).
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Circulatory system
The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis.
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Cnidaria
Cnidaria is a phylum containing over 10,000 species of animals found exclusively in aquatic (freshwater and marine) environments: they are predominantly marine species.
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Coelom
The coelom is the main body cavity in most animals and is positioned inside the body to surround and contain the digestive tract and other organs.
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Coenenchyme
Coenenchyme is the common tissue that surrounds and links the polyps in octocorals.
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Colony (biology)
In biology, a colony is composed of two or more conspecific individuals living in close association with, or connected to, one another.
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Connective tissue
Connective tissue (CT) is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.
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Ctenophora
Ctenophora (singular ctenophore, or; from the Greek κτείς kteis 'comb' and φέρω pherō 'to carry'; commonly known as comb jellies) is a phylum of invertebrate animals that live in marine waters worldwide.
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Ectoderm
Ectoderm is one of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo.
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Embryogenesis
Embryogenesis is the process by which the embryo forms and develops.
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Embryology
Embryology (from Greek ἔμβρυον, embryon, "the unborn, embryo"; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of biology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization, and development of embryos and fetuses.
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Endocytosis
Endocytosis is a form of bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules (such as proteins) into the cell (endo- + cytosis) by engulfing them in an energy-using process.
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Endoderm
Endoderm is one of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo.
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Epiblast
In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast (also known as the primitive ectoderm) is one of two distinct layers arising from the inner cell mass in the mammalian blastocyst or from the blastodisc in reptiles and birds.
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Epidermis
The epidermis is the outer layer of the three layers that make up the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis.
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Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which epithelial cells lose their cell polarity and cell-cell adhesion, and gain migratory and invasive properties to become mesenchymal stem cells; these are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types.
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Epithelium
Epithelium is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.
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Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by support cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.
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Fibroblast
A fibroblast is a type of biological cell that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing.
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Fibronectin
Fibronectin is a high-molecular weight (~440kDa) glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix that binds to membrane-spanning receptor proteins called integrins.
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Flatworm
The flatworms, flat worms, Platyhelminthes, Plathelminthes, or platyhelminths (from the Greek πλατύ, platy, meaning "flat" and ἕλμινς (root: ἑλμινθ-), helminth-, meaning "worm") are a phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates.
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Gastrodermis
The gastrodermis is the inner layer of cells that serves as a lining membrane of the gastrovascular cavity of Cnidarians.
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Gastrulation
Gastrulation is a phase early in the embryonic development of most animals, during which the single-layered blastula is reorganized into a multilayered structure known as the gastrula.
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Ground substance
Ground substance is an amorphous gel-like substance in the extracellular space that contains all components of the extracellular matrix except for fibrous materials such as collagen and elastin.
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Ground tissue
The ground tissue of plants includes all tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular.
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H&E stain
Hematoxylin and eosin stain or haematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E stain or HE stain) is one of the principal stains in histology.
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Hertwig
Hertwig is a German surname.
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Hydrozoa
Hydrozoa (hydrozoans, from ancient Greek ὕδρα, hydra, "sea serpent" and ζῷον, zoon, "animal") are a taxonomic class of individually very small, predatory animals, some solitary and some colonial, most living in salt water.
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Intramembranous ossification
Intramembranous ossification is one of the two essential processes during fetal development of the gnathostome (excluding chondrichthyans such as sharks) skeletal system by which rudimentary bone tissue is created.
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Invertebrate zoology
Invertebrate zoology is the subsystem of zoology that consists of the study of invertebrates, animals without a backbone (a structure which is found only in fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.) Invertebrates are a vast and very diverse group of animals that includes sponges, echinoderms, tunicates, numerous different phyla of worms, molluscs, arthropods and many additional phyla.
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Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (LWW) is an imprint of the publishing conglomerate Wolters Kluwer.
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Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system is part of the vascular system and an important part of the immune system, comprising a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph (from Latin, lympha meaning "water") directionally towards the heart.
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Matrix (biology)
In biology, matrix (plural: matrices) is the material (or tissue) in animal or plant cells, in which more specialized structures are embedded, and a specific part of the mitochondrion.
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Melanocyte
Melanocytes are melanin-producing neural crest-derived cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye (the uvea), the inner ear, vaginal epithelium, meninges, bones, and heart.
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Mesenchymal stem cell
Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts (bone cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), myocytes (muscle cells) and adipocytes (fat cells which give rise to marrow adipose tissue).
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Mesenchymal–epithelial transition
A mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) is a reversible biological process that involves the transition from motile, multipolar or spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells to planar arrays of polarized cells called epithelia.
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Mesenchyme
Mesenchyme, in vertebrate embryology, is a type of connective tissue found mostly during the development of the embryo.
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Mesoderm
In all bilaterian animals, the mesoderm is one of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo.
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Mesoglea
Mesoglea, also known as mesohyl, is the translucent, non-living, jelly-like substance found between the two epithelial cell layers (i.e., between the ectoderm and endoderm) in the bodies of cnidarians and sponges.
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Mesohyl
The mesohyl, formerly known as mesenchyme or as mesoglea, is the gelatinous matrix within a sponge.
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Micrograph
A micrograph or photomicrograph is a photograph or digital image taken through a microscope or similar device to show a magnified image of an item.
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Microtubule
Microtubules are tubular polymers of tubulin that form part of the cytoskeleton that provides the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and some bacteria with structure and shape.
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Neural cell adhesion molecule
Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), also called CD56, is a homophilic binding glycoprotein expressed on the surface of neurons, glia and skeletal muscle.
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Neural crest
Neural crest cells are a temporary group of cells unique to chordates of the group Cristozoa that arise from the embryonic ectoderm cell layer, and in turn give rise to a diverse cell lineage—including melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage and bone, smooth muscle, peripheral and enteric neurons and glia.
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Neuroectoderm
Neuroectoderm (or neural ectoderm or neural tube epithelium) is ectoderm which receives bone morphogenetic protein-inhibiting signals from proteins such as noggin, which leads to the development of the nervous system from this tissue.
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NODAL
Nodal is a secretory protein that in humans is encoded by the NODAL gene which is located on chromosome 10q22.1.
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Noggin (protein)
Noggin, also known as NOG, is a protein that is involved in the development of many body tissues, including nerve tissue, muscles, and bones.
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Oncogene
An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer.
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Paraxial mesoderm
Paraxial mesoderm, also known as presomitic or somitic mesoderm is the area of mesoderm in the neurulating embryo that flanks and forms simultaneously with the neural tube.
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Parenchyma
Parenchyma is the bulk of a substance.
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Peripheral nervous system
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is one of the two components of the nervous system, the other part is the central nervous system (CNS).
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Placenta
The placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, thermo-regulation, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply; to fight against internal infection; and to produce hormones which support pregnancy.
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Primitive streak
The primitive streak is a structure that forms in the blastula during the early stages of avian, reptilian and mammalian embryonic development.
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Reticular fiber
Reticular fibers, reticular fibres or reticulin is a type of fiber in connective tissue composed of type III collagen secreted by reticular cells.
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Sarcoma
A sarcoma is a cancer that arises from transformed cells of mesenchymal origin.
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Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscle is one of three major muscle types, the others being cardiac muscle and smooth muscle.
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Somite
Somites (outdated: primitive segments) are divisions of the body of an animal or embryo.
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SOX gene family
SOX genes encode a family of transcription factors that bind to the minor groove in DNA, and belong to a super-family of genes characterized by a homologous sequence called the HMG-box (for high mobility group).
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Sponge
Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (meaning "pore bearer"), are a basal Metazoa clade as sister of the Diploblasts.
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Tight junction
Tight junctions, also known as occluding junctions or zonulae occludentes (singular, zonula occludens) are multiprotein junctional complex whose general function is to prevent leakage of transported solutes and water and seals the paracellular pathway.
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Transmission electron microscopy
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM, also sometimes conventional transmission electron microscopy or CTEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image.
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Triploblasty
Triploblasty is a condition of the blastula in which there are three primary germ layers: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
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Trophoblast
Trophoblasts (from Greek trephein: to feed, and blastos: germinator) are cells forming the outer layer of a blastocyst, which provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into a large part of the placenta.
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Ultrastructure
Ultrastructure (or ultra-structure) is the architecture of cells that is visible at higher magnifications than found on a standard optical light microscope.
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Uterus
The uterus (from Latin "uterus", plural uteri) or womb is a major female hormone-responsive secondary sex organ of the reproductive system in humans and most other mammals.
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Vitronectin
Vitronectin (VTN or VN) is a glycoprotein of the hemopexin family which is abundantly found in serum, the extracellular matrix and bone.
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Wharton's jelly
Wharton's jelly (substantia gelatinea funiculi umbilicalis) is a gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord also present in vitreous humor of the eyeball, largely made up of mucopolysaccharides (hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate).
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Wnt signaling pathway
The Wnt signaling pathways are a group of signal transduction pathways made of proteins that pass signals into a cell through cell surface receptors.
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WNT3
Proto-oncogene protein Wnt-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WNT3 gene.
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WNT6
Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 6, also known as WNT6, is a human gene.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesenchyme
