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Mahabharata

Index Mahabharata

The Mahābhārata (महाभारतम्) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa. [1]

309 relations: Abhimanyu, Adi Parva, Aihole inscriptions, Albrecht Weber, Alf Hiltebeitel, Amar Chitra Katha, Ambalika, Ambika (Mahabharata), American Oriental Society, Andha Yug, Anga, Anushasana Parva, Archaeoastronomy, Arjuna, Arjunawiwaha, Aryabhata, Ashramavasika Parva, Ashvamedha, Ashvamedhika Parva, Ashvins, Ashwatthama, Avanti (India), Avignon, B. B. Lal, Bahlikas, Bahuk, Bahuka, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Balarama, Bali, Bard, Bhadrabahu, Bhagavad Gita, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Bharat Ek Khoj, Bharata (emperor), Bharatas (tribe), Bhāsa, Bhima, Bhishma, Bhishma Parva, Bhrigu, Bibek Debroy, Bible, Brahmana, Buddhadeb Bosu, C. Rajagopalachari, Characters in the Mahabharata, Chedi Kingdom, Chinu Modi, ..., Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, Chitrāngada, Christian Lassen, Cinema of India, Clay Sanskrit Library, Daana Veera Soora Karna, Damayanti, Danava (Hinduism), DePaul University, Devdutt Pattanaik, Dharamvir Bharati, Dharma, Dharma-yuddha, Dharmawangsa, Dhritarashtra, Dio Chrysostom, Doordarshan, Draupadi, Drona, Drona Parva, Drupada, Duryodhana, Dushasana, Dvārakā, Ebrahim Alkazi, Evelyn Abbott, Faizi, Fifth Veda, Gandhara, Gandhari (character), Ganesha, Ganges in Hinduism, Ghatotkacha, Girish Karnad, God, Gujarati Sahitya Parishad, Gupta Empire, Harivamsa, Harivamsa Purana, Hastinapur, Hermann Oldenberg, Himalayas, Hindu philosophy, Hinduism, History of India, Homer, Howard Spodek, Huna people, I Gusti Putu Phalgunadi, Iliad, Indian epic poetry, Indian independence movement, Indology, Indonesia, Indonesian philosophy, Indra, Indraprastha, Internet Sacred Text Archive, Iron Age in India, J. A. B. van Buitenen, Jaimini, Jain cosmology, Jain literature, Jain monasticism, Jainism, Janamejaya II, Java, John D. Smith, John Keay, JSTOR, Just war theory, Kakawin Bhāratayuddha, Kalhana, Kali Yuga, Kalpa (Vedanga), Kalyug (1981 film), Kambojas, Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi, Kannada, Karma in Jainism, Karna, Karna Parva, Kattaikkuttu, Kaurava, Kawi language, Kālidāsa, Kekaya, Kindama, Kisari Mohan Ganguli, Kripa, Krishna, Krishna Dharma, Krishna Udayasankar, Kritavarma, Kshatriya, Kunti, Kuru Kingdom, Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra War, Loeb Classical Library, Madhya Pradesh, Madhyamavyayoga, Madra, Madri, Magadha, Mahabharat (1988 TV series), Mahabharat (2013 film), Mahabharat (2013 TV series), Mahabharata, Mahabharata (comics), Mahapadma Nanda, Mahaprasthanika Parva, Maharaja, Mahatma Gandhi, Mathura, Matsya, Mausala Parva, Maximilian Wolfgang Duncker, Mayasura, Michael Witzel, Moksha (Jainism), Moortidevi Award, Moriz Winternitz, Motilal Banarsidass, N. T. Rama Rao, Naimisha Forest, Nakula, Names for India, Neelakantha Chaturdhara, Neminatha, New York University, Niyoga, Odyssey, Oxford University Press, OxfordDictionaries.com, Padmanabh Jaini, Painted Grey Ware culture, Pakistan, Panchala, Pancharatra, Panchavimsha Brahmana, Pandava, Pandu, Pandyan dynasty, Parama Kamboja Kingdom, Parashara, Parikshit, Pāṇini, Persian language, Peter Brook, Petruk, Pilgrimage, Polyandry, Prakash Jha, Pratibha Ray, Public domain, Pulakeshin II, Pune, Punokawan, Puranas, Puruṣārtha, Purushottama Lal, Quran, R. K. Narayan, Raajneeti, Rajasuya, Rajatarangini, Rajkumar Santoshi, Ramayana, Ramesh Menon, Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, Razmnama, Redaction, Rishi, Rishyasringa, Romesh Chunder Dutt, Sabha Parva, Sahadeva, Sanskrit, Sati (practice), Satna, Satyajit Ray, Satyaki, Satyavati, Sauptika Parva, Semar, Shakuni, Shakuntala (play), Shalya, Shalya Parva, Shantanu, Shanti Parva, Sharon Maas, Shikhandi, Shloka, Shyam Benegal, Silk Road, Sindh, Story within a story, Stri Parva, Subhadra, Suman Pokhrel, Surya, Sutra, Svarga, Svargarohana Parva, Swami Vivekananda, Swayamvara, Tamil culture, Taxila, Telugu language, Terukkuttu, Textual criticism, Thames & Hudson, The History and Culture of the Indian People, The Mahabharata (1989 film), The Palace of Illusions: A Novel, The Spitzer manuscript, Theatre of ancient Greece, Tirthankara, Trilinga Kshetras, Udyoga Parva, Ugrashravas, University of Chicago, University of Chicago Press, Urubhanga, Uttara (Mahabharata), Vaisampayana, Vana Parva, Varanasi, Varāhamihira, Vayu, Vedanta, Vedic and Sanskrit literature, Vedic period, Vedic Sanskrit, Vichitravirya, Victorian literature, Vidura, Vikarna, Virata, Virata Parva, Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar, Vyasa, Wayang, Wayang wong, Wendy Doniger, Western world, William Buck (translator), William Shakespeare, Writers Workshop, Yadu, Yajnaseni, Yajnaseni (play), Yayati, Yoga, Yudhishthira, Yuyutsu, `Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni. Expand index (259 more) »

Abhimanyu

Abhimanyu was the youngest son of Arjuna and Subhadra.

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Adi Parva

The Adi Parva or the Book of the Beginning is the first of eighteen books of the Mahabharata.

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Aihole inscriptions

Aihole in Karnataka state, India, is known as Cradle of Indian architecture.

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Albrecht Weber

Albrecht Friedrich Weber (17 February 1825 – 30 November 1901) was a German Indologist and historian.

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Alf Hiltebeitel

Alf Hiltebeitel is Columbian Professor of Religion, History, and Human Sciences at George Washington University in Washington DC, USA.

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Amar Chitra Katha

Amar Chitra Katha (ACK, "Immortal Captivating (or Picture) Stories") is one of India's largest selling comic book series, with more than 100 million copies sold in 20 Indian languages.

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Ambalika

In the epic Mahabharata, Ambalika (Sanskrit: अम्बालिका, ambālikā) is the daughter of Kashya, the King of Kashi, and wife of Vichitravirya, the King of Hastinapur.

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Ambika (Mahabharata)

In the epic Mahabharata, Ambika (Sanskrit: अम्बिका, ambikā) is the daughter of Kashya, the King of Kashi, and wife of Vichitravirya, the king of Hastinapura.

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American Oriental Society

The American Oriental Society was chartered under the laws of Massachusetts on September 7, 1842.

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Andha Yug

Andha Yug (Hindi: अंधा युग, The Age of Blindness or The Blind Age) is a 1954 verse play written in Hindi, by renowned novelist, poet, and playwright Dharamvir Bharati (1926-1997).

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Anga

Anga was an ancient Indian kingdom that flourished on the eastern Indian subcontinent and one of the sixteen mahajanapadas ("large state").

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Anushasana Parva

Anushasana Parva (अनुशासन पर्व, IAST: Anuśāsanaparva) or the "Book of Instructions", is the thirteenth of eighteen books of the Indian Epic Mahabharata.

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Archaeoastronomy

Archaeoastronomy (also spelled archeoastronomy) is the study of how people in the past "have understood the phenomena in the sky, how they used these phenomena and what role the sky played in their cultures".

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Arjuna

Arjuna (in Devanagari: अर्जुन) is the main central character of the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata and plays a key role in the Bhagavad Gita alongside Krishna.

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Arjunawiwaha

Arjunawiwāha was the first kakawin appeared in the East Javan period of the Javanese classical Hindu-Buddhist era in the 11th-century.

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Aryabhata

Aryabhata (IAST) or Aryabhata I (476–550 CE) was the first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy.

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Ashramavasika Parva

Ashramvasik Parva (आश्रमवासिक पर्व), or the "Book of Hermitage", is the fifteenth of eighteen books of the Indian epic Mahabharata.

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Ashvamedha

The Ashvamedha (Sanskrit: अश्वमेध aśvamedhá) is a horse sacrifice ritual followed by the Śrauta tradition of Vedic religion.

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Ashvamedhika Parva

Ashvamedhika Parva (अश्वमेध पर्व.), or the "Book of Horse Sacrifice," is the fourteenth of eighteen books of the Indian Epic Mahabharata.

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Ashvins

No description.

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Ashwatthama

Ashvatthama (Sanskrit: अश्वत्थामा, Aśvatthāmā) or Ashvatthaman (Sanskrit: अश्वत्थामन्, Aśvatthāman) or Drauni was the son of guru Drona and the grandson of the sage Bharadwaja.

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Avanti (India)

Avanti (अवन्ति) was an ancient Indian Mahajanapada (Great Realm), roughly corresponded to the present day Malwa region.

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Avignon

Avignon (Avenio; Provençal: Avignoun, Avinhon) is a commune in south-eastern France in the department of Vaucluse on the left bank of the Rhône river.

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B. B. Lal

Braj Basi Lal (born 2 May 1921), better known as B. B. Lal, is an Indian archaeologist.

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Bahlikas

The Bahlikas (बाह्लिक; Bāhlika) were the inhabitants of Balikha, mentioned in Atharvaveda, Mahabharata, Ramayana, Puranas, Vartikka of Katyayana, Brhatsamhita, Amarkosha etc.

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Bahuk

Bahuk (બાહુક) is a Gujarati long narrative poem by Chinu Modi.

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Bahuka

Bahuka (Sanskrit:बाहुक, IAST:Bāhuka) was the changed name of Nala, a character of Hindu mythology, while he was a charioteer of Rituparna, the king of Ayodhya.

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Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Bal Gangadhar Tilak (or Lokmanya Tilak,; 23 July 1856 – 1 August 1920), born as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak, was an Indian nationalist, teacher, social reformer, lawyer and an independence activist.

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Balarama

Balarama (Sanskrit: बलराम, IAST: Balarāma) is a Hindu deity and the elder brother of Krishna (an avatar of the god Vishnu).

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Bali

Bali (Balinese:, Indonesian: Pulau Bali, Provinsi Bali) is an island and province of Indonesia with the biggest Hindu population.

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Bard

In medieval Gaelic and British culture, a bard was a professional story teller, verse-maker and music composer, employed by a patron (such as a monarch or noble), to commemorate one or more of the patron's ancestors and to praise the patron's own activities.

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Bhadrabahu

Bhadrabahu was, according to the Digambara sect of Jainism, the last Shruta Kevalin (all knowing by hearsay, that is indirectly) in Jainism (the other sect, Śvētāmbara, believes the last Shruta Kevalin was Acharya Sthulabhadra, but was forbade by Bhadrabahu from disclosing it).

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Bhagavad Gita

The Bhagavad Gita (भगवद्गीता, in IAST,, lit. "The Song of God"), often referred to as the Gita, is a 700 verse Hindu scripture in Sanskrit that is part of the Hindu epic Mahabharata (chapters 23–40 of the 6th book of Mahabharata).

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Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

The Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (BORI) is located in Pune, Maharashtra, India.

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Bharat Ek Khoj

Bharat Ek Khoj (The Discovery of India) is a 53-episode Indian historical drama based on the book The Discovery of India (1946) by Jawaharlal Nehru that covers a 5000-year history of India from its beginnings to independence from the British in 1947.

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Bharata (emperor)

In Hindu scriptures, Bharat (Sanskrit: भरत, Bharat i.e., "The cherished") is an emperor and the founder of the Bhārat dynasty and thus an ancestor of the Pandavas and the Kauravas in the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata.

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Bharatas (tribe)

Bharatas were a tribe mentioned in the Rigveda, especially in Mandala 3 attributed to the Bharata sage Vishvamitra.

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Bhāsa

Bhāsa is one of the earliest and most celebrated Indian playwrights in Sanskrit.

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Bhima

In the Hindu epic Mahabharata, Bhima or Bhimasena (Sanskrit: भीम) is the second of the Pandavas.

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Bhishma

In the epic Mahabharata, Bhishma (Sanskrit: भीष्‍म) was well known for his pledge of Brahmacharya.The eighth son of Kuru King Shantanu and the goddess Ganga Bhishma was blessed with wish-long life and was related to both the Pandava and the Kaurava.

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Bhishma Parva

The Bhishma Parva (भीष्म पर्व), or the Book of Bhishma, is the sixth of eighteen books of the Indian Epic Mahabharata.

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Bhrigu

Maharishi Bhrigu (Bhṛgu) was one of the seven great sages, the Saptarshis, one of the many Prajapatis (the facilitators of Creation) created by Brahma Born in ballia.

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Bibek Debroy

Bibek Debroy (born 25 January 1955) is an Indian economist, policy maker, philosopher, indologist, literarian, and author.

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Bible

The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, tà biblía, "the books") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.

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Brahmana

The Brahmanas (Sanskrit: ब्राह्मणम्, Brāhmaṇa) are a collection of ancient Indian texts with commentaries on the hymns of the four Vedas.

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Buddhadeb Bosu

Buddhadeva Bose (also spelt Buddhadeb Bosu) (1908–1974) was an Indian Bengali writer of the 20th century.

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C. Rajagopalachari

Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (10 December 1878 – 25 December 1972) informally called Rajaji or C.R., was an Indian politician, independence activist, lawyer, writer and statesman.

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Characters in the Mahabharata

Characters in the Mahabharata.

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Chedi Kingdom

Chedi was an ancient Indian kingdom which fell roughly in the Bundelkhand division of Madhya Pradesh regions to the south of river Yamuna along the river Ken.

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Chinu Modi

Chinu Modi (ચિનુ મોદી), (30 September 1939 – 19 March 2017), also known by his pen name Irshad (Gujarati: ઈર્શાદ), was a Gujarati language poet, novelist, short story writer and critic from Gujarat, India.

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Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni

Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni (born Chitralekha Banerjee, July 29, 1956) is an Indian-American author, poet, and the Betty and Gene McDavid Professor of Writing at the University of Houston Creative Writing Program.

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Chitrāngada

In the epic Mahabharata, king Chitrāngada (चित्रांगद) is the elder son of Shantanu and Satyavati.

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Christian Lassen

Christian Lassen (October 22, 1800 – May 8, 1876) was a Norwegian-born orientalist and professor of Old Indian language and literature at the University of Bonn.

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Cinema of India

The Cinema of India consists of films produced in the nation of India.

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Clay Sanskrit Library

The Clay Sanskrit Library is a series of books published by New York University Press and the JJC Foundation.

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Daana Veera Soora Karna

Daana Veera Soora Karna is a 1977 Telugu Hindu mythological film produced & directed by N. T. Rama Rao by his Ramakrishna Cine Studios banner.

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Damayanti

Damayanti (Sanskrit: दमयंती) is a character in a love story found in the Vana Parva book of the Mahabharata.

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Danava (Hinduism)

In Vedic mythology, the Danavas (Balinese Hinduism Dewi Danu) were a race descending from Daksha.

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DePaul University

DePaul University is a private university in Chicago, Illinois.

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Devdutt Pattanaik

Devdutt Pattanaik (Odia:ଦେବଦତ୍ତ ପଟ୍ଟନାୟକ) is an Indian fiction write known for his fictional work and personal twist on ancient Indian scriptures.

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Dharamvir Bharati

Dharamvir Bharati (25 December 1926 – 4 September 1997) was a renowned Hindi poet, author, playwright and a social thinker of India.

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Dharma

Dharma (dharma,; dhamma, translit. dhamma) is a key concept with multiple meanings in the Indian religions – Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism.

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Dharma-yuddha

Dharma-yuddha is a Sanskrit word made up of two roots: dharma meaning righteousness, and yuddha meaning warfare.

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Dharmawangsa

Dharmawangsa, stylized regnal name Sri Maharaja Isyana Dharmawangsa Teguh Anantawikramottunggadewa of Isyana dynasty was the last raja of the Kingdom of Medang reigned from 990-1016 CE.

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Dhritarashtra

In the Mahabharata, Dhritarashtra (धृतराष्ट्र, dhṛtarāṣṭra; lit. "He who supports/bears the nation") is the King of Hastinapur.

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Dio Chrysostom

Dio Chrysostom (Δίων Χρυσόστομος Dion Chrysostomos), Dion of Prusa or Dio Cocceianus (c. 40 – c. 115 CE), was a Greek orator, writer, philosopher and historian of the Roman Empire in the 1st century.

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Doordarshan

Doordarshan (abbreviated in English as DD) is an autonomous public service broadcaster founded by the Government of India, which is owned by the Broadcasting Ministry of India and is one of two divisions of Prasar Bharati.

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Draupadi

Draupadi (द्रौपदी) is the most important female character in the Hindu epic, Mahabharata.

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Drona

In the epic Mahabharata, Droṇa (द्रोण) or Droṇācārya or Guru Droṇa or Rajaguru Devadroṇa was the royal preceptor to the Kauravas and Pandavas; an avatar of Brihaspati.

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Drona Parva

The Drona Parva (द्रोण पर्व), or the Book of Drona, is the seventh of eighteen books of the Indian epic Mahabharata.

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Drupada

Drupada (Sanskrit: द्रुपद, lit. firm-footed or pillar), also known as Yajnasena (Sanskrit: यज्ञसेन, lit. father of Draupadi), is a character in the Mahābhārata.

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Duryodhana

Duryodhana (literally means Dur.

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Dushasana

Dussasana (दुःशासन), also spelled as Dushasan and Dushyasan, was a Kaurav prince, the second son of the blind king Dhritarashtra and Gandhari and the younger brother of Duryodhan in the Hindu epic Mahabharata.

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Dvārakā

Dvārakā, also known as Dvāravatī (Sanskrit द्वारका "the gated ", possibly meaning having many gates, or alternatively having one or several very grand gates) is a sacred city in Hinduism, JainismSee Jerome H. Bauer "Hero of Wonders, Hero in Deeds: " in and Buddhism.The name Dvaraka is said to have been given to the place by Krishna, a major deity in Hinduism.

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Ebrahim Alkazi

Ebrahim Alkazi (born 18 October 1925) is an Indian theatre director and drama teacher.

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Evelyn Abbott

Evelyn Abbott (10 March 1843 – 3 September 1901) was an English classical scholar, born at Epperstone, Nottinghamshire.

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Faizi

Shaikh Abu al-Faiz ibn Mubarak, popularly known by his pen-name, Faizi (20 September 1547–15 October 1595) was a Persian poet and scholar of late medieval India.

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Fifth Veda

The notion of a fifth Veda (Sanskrit), that is, of a text which lies outside the four canonical Vedas, but nonetheless has the status of a Veda, is one that has been advanced in a number of post-Vedic Hindu texts, in order to accord a particular text or texts and their doctrines with the timelessness and authority that Hinduism associates with the Vedas.

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Gandhara

Gandhāra was an ancient kingdom situated along the Kabul and Swat rivers of Afghanistan and Pakistan.

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Gandhari (character)

Gandhari is a prominent character in the Hindu epic the Mahabharata.

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Ganesha

Ganesha (गणेश), also known as Ganapati, Vinayaka, Pillaiyar and Binayak, is one of the best-known and most worshipped deities in the Hindu pantheon.

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Ganges in Hinduism

In Hinduism, the river Ganges is considered sacred and is personified as the goddess Gaṅgā.

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Ghatotkacha

Ghatotkacha (घटोत्कच Ghaṭōtkaca "Bald Pot") is an important character in the Mahabharata.

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Girish Karnad

Girish Raghunath Karnad (born 19 May 1938) is an Indian actor, film director, Kannada writer playwright and a Rhodes Scholar, who predominantly works in South Indian cinema and Bollywood.

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God

In monotheistic thought, God is conceived of as the Supreme Being and the principal object of faith.

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Gujarati Sahitya Parishad

Gujarati Sahitya Parishad (Gujarati Literary Council) is a literary organisation for the promotion of Gujarati literature located in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

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Gupta Empire

The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire, existing from approximately 240 to 590 CE.

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Harivamsa

The Harivamsa (pronounced Harivamsha in Sanskrit (हरिवंश), the lineage of Hari (Vishnu)) is an important work of Sanskrit literature, containing 16,374 shlokas, mostly in Anustubh metre.

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Harivamsa Purana

was composed by Acharya Jinasena in 783 AD.

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Hastinapur

Hastinapur is a city in Meerut district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

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Hermann Oldenberg

Hermann Oldenberg (October 31, 1854 in Hamburg – March 18, 1920 in Göttingen) was a German scholar of Indology, and Professor at Kiel (1898) and Göttingen (1908).

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Himalayas

The Himalayas, or Himalaya, form a mountain range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau.

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Hindu philosophy

Hindu philosophy refers to a group of darśanas (philosophies, world views, teachings) that emerged in ancient India.

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Hinduism

Hinduism is an Indian religion and dharma, or a way of life, widely practised in the Indian subcontinent.

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History of India

The history of India includes the prehistoric settlements and societies in the Indian subcontinent; the advancement of civilisation from the Indus Valley Civilisation to the eventual blending of the Indo-Aryan culture to form the Vedic Civilisation; the rise of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism;Sanderson, Alexis (2009), "The Śaiva Age: The Rise and Dominance of Śaivism during the Early Medieval Period." In: Genesis and Development of Tantrism, edited by Shingo Einoo, Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo, 2009.

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Homer

Homer (Ὅμηρος, Hómēros) is the name ascribed by the ancient Greeks to the legendary author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems that are the central works of ancient Greek literature.

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Howard Spodek

Howard Spodek (born c. 1941) is an American-born world historian, a professor of history and geography and urban studies at Temple University.

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Huna people

Hunas or Huna was the name given by the ancient Indians to a group of Central Asian tribes who, via the Khyber Pass, entered India at the end of the 5th or early 6th century.

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I Gusti Putu Phalgunadi

Dr.

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Iliad

The Iliad (Ἰλιάς, in Classical Attic; sometimes referred to as the Song of Ilion or Song of Ilium) is an ancient Greek epic poem in dactylic hexameter, traditionally attributed to Homer.

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Indian epic poetry

Indian epic poetry is the epic poetry written in the Indian subcontinent, traditionally called Kavya (or Kāvya; Sanskrit: काव्य, IAST: kāvyá) or Kappiyam (Tamil language: காப்பியம், kāppiyam).

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Indian independence movement

The Indian independence movement encompassed activities and ideas aiming to end the East India Company rule (1757–1857) and the British Indian Empire (1857–1947) in the Indian subcontinent.

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Indology

Indology or South Asian studies is the academic study of the history and cultures, languages, and literature of India and as such is a subset of Asian studies.

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Indonesia

Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.

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Indonesian philosophy

Indonesian philosophy is a generic designation for the tradition of abstract speculation held by the people who inhabit the region now known as Indonesia.

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Indra

(Sanskrit: इन्द्र), also known as Devendra, is a Vedic deity in Hinduism, a guardian deity in Buddhism, and the king of the highest heaven called Saudharmakalpa in Jainism.

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Indraprastha

Indraprastha ("Plain of Indra" or "City of Indra") is mentioned in ancient Indian literature as a city of the Kuru Kingdom.

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Internet Sacred Text Archive

The Internet Sacred Text Archive (ISTA) is a Santa Cruz, California based website dedicated to the preservation of electronic public domain texts, specifically those with significant cultural value.

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Iron Age in India

In the prehistory of the Indian subcontinent, an "Iron Age" is recognized as succeeding the Late Harappan (Cemetery H) culture.

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J. A. B. van Buitenen

Johannes Adrianus Bernardus van Buitenen (21 May 1928, The Hague – 21 September 1979, Champaign, Illinois) was a Dutch Indologist at the University of Chicago where he was the George V. Bobrinskoy Professor of Sanskrit in the Department of South Asian Languages and Civilizations.

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Jaimini

Jaimini was an ancient Indian scholar who founded the Mimansa school of Hindu philosophy.

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Jain cosmology

Jain cosmology is the description of the shape and functioning of the Universe (loka) and its constituents (such as living beings, matter, space, time etc.) according to Jainism.

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Jain literature

Jain literature comprises Jain Agamas and subsequent commentaries on them by various Jain asectics.

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Jain monasticism

Jain monasticism refers to the order of monks and nuns in the Jain community.

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Jainism

Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma, is an ancient Indian religion.

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Janamejaya II

Janamejaya (जनमेजय) was a Kuru king who reigned during the Middle Vedic period (12th-9th centuries BCE).

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Java

Java (Indonesian: Jawa; Javanese: ꦗꦮ; Sundanese) is an island of Indonesia.

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John D. Smith

John Dargavel Smith (born August 26, 1946) is a former professor of sanskrit at Cambridge.

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John Keay

John Stanley Melville Keay FRGS, widely known as John Keay, (pronounced 'Kay') is a British historian, journalist, radio presenter and lecturer specialising in popular histories of India, the Far East and China, often with a particular focus on their colonisation and exploration by Europeans.

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JSTOR

JSTOR (short for Journal Storage) is a digital library founded in 1995.

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Just war theory

Just war theory (Latin: jus bellum iustum) is a doctrine, also referred to as a tradition, of military ethics studied by military leaders, theologians, ethicists and policy makers.

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Kakawin Bhāratayuddha

The poem was started by Sedah in 1157, and finished by Panuluh.

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Kalhana

Kalhana (sometimes spelled Kalhan or Kalhan'a) (c. 12th century), a Kashmiri, was the author of Rajatarangini (River of Kings), an account of the history of Kashmir.

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Kali Yuga

Kali Yuga (Devanāgarī: कलियुग, lit. "age of Kali") is the last of the four stages (or ages or yugas) the world goes through as part of a 'cycle of yugas' (i.e. Mahayuga) described in the Sanskrit scriptures.

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Kalpa (Vedanga)

Kalpa (कल्प) means "proper, fit" and is one of the six disciplines of the Vedānga, or ancillary science connected with the Vedas – the scriptures of Hinduism.

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Kalyug (1981 film)

Kalyug (Age of vice) is a 1981 Indian Hindi-language crime drama film, directed by Shyam Benegal.

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Kambojas

The Kambojas were a tribe of Iron Age India, frequently mentioned in Sanskrit and Pali literature.

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Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi

Kanhaiyalal Maneklal Munshi (30 December 1887 – 8 February 1971), popularly known as K. M. Munshi, was an Indian independence movement activist, politician, writer and educationist from Gujarat state.

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Kannada

Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Kannada people in India, mainly in the state of Karnataka, and by significant linguistic minorities in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Kerala, Goa and abroad.

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Karma in Jainism

Karma is the basic principle within an overarching psycho-cosmology in Jainism.

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Karna

Karna (Sanskrit: कर्ण, IAST transliteration: Karṇa), originally known as Vasusena, is one of the central characters in the Hindu epic Mahābhārata, from ancient India.

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Karna Parva

The Karna Parva (कर्ण पर्व), or the Book of Karna, is the eighth of eighteen books of the Indian Epic Mahabharata.

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Kattaikkuttu

Kattaikkuttu is a rural theatre form practiced in the State of Tamil Nadu in South India.

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Kaurava

Kaurava (कौरव) is a Sanskrit term for the descendants of Kuru, a legendary king who is the ancestor of many of the characters of the Mahābhārata.

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Kawi language

Kawi (from Sanskrit: कवि "kavi" lit. "poet") is a literary and prose language on the islands of Java, Bali, and Lombok.

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Kālidāsa

Kālidāsa was a Classical Sanskrit writer, widely regarded as the greatest poet and dramatist in the Sanskrit language of India.

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Kekaya

Kekayas or Kaikeyas (केक‍य) were an ancient people attested to have been living in north-western Punjab—between Gandhara and the Beas rivers in modern Pakistan since remote antiquity.

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Kindama

In the Hindu epic Mahabharata, Kindama was a rishi who lived in the woods.

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Kisari Mohan Ganguli

Kisari Mohan Ganguli (also K. M. Ganguli) was an Indian translator, who is most known for the first (and thus far only) free English translation of the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata published as The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa Translated into English Prose between 1883 and 1896 by Pratap Chandra Roy (1842–1895), a Calcutta bookseller, who owned a printing press, and collected funds for the project to translate the 18 books of the Mahabharata.

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Kripa

Kripa (Sanskrit: कृप, in IAST transliteration), also known as Kripacharya (Sanskrit: कृपाचार्य) or Krupacharya or better phonetically written as Kṛpāchārya is an important character in the Mahābhārata, one of the seven Chiranjivi.

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Krishna

Krishna (Kṛṣṇa) is a major deity in Hinduism.

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Krishna Dharma

Krishna Dharma (born 1955 in London) is a British Hindu scholar and author.

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Krishna Udayasankar

Krishna Udayasankar is a Singapore-based Indian author, known for her modern retelling of Mahabharata through the novels Govinda, Kaurava and Kurukshetra.

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Kritavarma

Kritavarma (कृतवर्मा) was an important and one of the bravest Yadava warriors and chieftain, and a contemporary of Krishna.

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Kshatriya

Kshatriya (Devanagari: क्षत्रिय; from Sanskrit kṣatra, "rule, authority") is one of the four varna (social orders) of the Hindu society.

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Kunti

In Mahabharata, Kunti (कुन्ती Kuntī) or Pritha was the daughter of Shurasena, and the foster daughter of his cousin Kuntibhoja.

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Kuru Kingdom

Kuru (कुरु) was the name of a Vedic Indo-Aryan tribal union in northern Iron Age India, encompassing the modern-day states of Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Uttarakhand and the western part of Uttar Pradesh (the region of Doab, till Prayag), which appeared in the Middle Vedic period (c. 1200 – c. 900 BCE) and developed into the first recorded state-level society in the Indian subcontinent.

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Kurukshetra

Kurukshetra is a city in the state of Haryana, India.

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Kurukshetra War

The Kurukshetra War, also called the Mahabharata War, is a war described in the Indian epic Mahabharata.

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Loeb Classical Library

The Loeb Classical Library (LCL; named after James Loeb) is a series of books, today published by Harvard University Press, which presents important works of ancient Greek and Latin literature in a way designed to make the text accessible to the broadest possible audience, by presenting the original Greek or Latin text on each left-hand page, and a fairly literal translation on the facing page.

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Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh (MP;; meaning Central Province) is a state in central India.

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Madhyamavyayoga

Madhyamavyayoga or Madhyama Vyāyoga (Hindi: मध्यमव्याbयोग), (The Middle One) is a Sanskrit play attributed to Bhāsa.

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Madra

Madra is the name of an ancient region and its inhabitants, located in the north-west division of the ancient Indian sub-continent.

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Madri

In the Mahabharata epic, Madri (IPA/Sanskrit) was a princess of the Madra Kingdom and the second wife of King Pāṇḍu.

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Magadha

Magadha was an ancient Indian kingdom in southern Bihar, and was counted as one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas (Sanskrit: "Great Countries") of ancient India.

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Mahabharat (1988 TV series)

Mahabharat is an Indian television series based on the Hindu epic of the same name.

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Mahabharat (2013 film)

Mahabharat is a 2013 Indian computer animated historical drama film, directed by Amaan Khan and based on the Hindu epic of the same name.

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Mahabharat (2013 TV series)

Mahabharat is an Indian Hindi-language mythological television drama series on STAR Plus based on the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata.

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Mahabharata

The Mahābhārata (महाभारतम्) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa.

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Mahabharata (comics)

Mahabharata (also known as Amar Chitra Katha's Mahabharata) is a comic adaptation of the Indian epic poem Mahabharata.

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Mahapadma Nanda

Mahapadma Nanda (IAST: Mahāpadmānanda) was the first Emperor of the Nanda Empire.

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Mahaprasthanika Parva

Mahaprasthanika Parva (महाप्रस्थानिक पर्व.), or the "Book of the Great Journey", is the seventeenth of eighteen books of the Indian epic Mahabharata.

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Maharaja

Mahārāja (महाराज, also spelled Maharajah, Moharaja) is a Sanskrit title for a "great ruler", "great king" or "high king".

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Mahatma Gandhi

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule.

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Mathura

Mathura is a city in the North Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

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Matsya

Matsya (मत्स्य, lit. fish), is the fish avatar in the ten primary avatars of Hindu god Vishnu.

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Mausala Parva

Mausala Parva (मौसल पर्व), or the "Book of Clubs", is the sixteenth of eighteen books of the Indian epic Mahabharata.

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Maximilian Wolfgang Duncker

Maximilian Wolfgang Duncker (15 October 1811 – 21 July 1886) was a German historian and politician.

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Mayasura

In Hindu mythology, Maya (मय), or Mayāsura (मयासुर) was a great ancient king of the asura, daitya and rākṣasa races.

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Michael Witzel

Michael Witzel (born July 18, 1943) is a German-American philologist and academic.

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Moksha (Jainism)

Sanskrit or Prakrit mokkha refers to the liberation or salvation of a soul from saṃsāra, the cycle of birth and death.

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Moortidevi Award

The Moortidevi Award is an India literary award annually presented by the Bharatiya Jnanpith, a literary and research organisation, to an author.

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Moriz Winternitz

Moriz Winternitz (Horn, December 23, 1863 – Prague, January 9, 1937) was a Jewish scholar from Austria who began his Indology contributions working with Max Müller at the Oxford University.

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Motilal Banarsidass

Motilal Banarsidass (MLBD) is a leading Indian publishing house on Sanskrit and Indology since 1903, located in Delhi, India.

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N. T. Rama Rao

Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao (28 May 1923 – 18 January 1996), popularly known as NTR, was an Indian actor, producer, director, editor and politician who served as Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh for seven years over three terms.

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Naimisha Forest

Naimisha Forest or Naimiṣāraṇya was an ancient forest mentioned in the Mahabharata and the puranas.

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Nakula

In the Hindu epic Mahabharata, Nakula was fourth of the five Pandava brothers.

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Names for India

The name in Indian languages is Bharata after the emperor Bharata.

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Neelakantha Chaturdhara

Neelakantha Chaturdhara (नीलकण्ठ चतुर्धर, IAST: Nīlakaṇṭha Caturdhara) was a scholar who lived in Varanasi in the later half of the 17th century, famous for his commentary on the Mahabharata.

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Neminatha

Neminatha is the twenty-second Tirthankara (ford-maker) in Jainism.

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New York University

New York University (NYU) is a private nonprofit research university based in New York City.

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Niyoga

Niyoga (नियोग) was an ancient Hindu tradition, in which a woman (whose husband is either incapable of fatherhood or has died without having a child) would request and appoint a person for helping her bear a child.

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Odyssey

The Odyssey (Ὀδύσσεια Odýsseia, in Classical Attic) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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OxfordDictionaries.com

OxfordDictionaries.com, originally titled Oxford Dictionaries Online (ODO) and rebranded Oxford Living Dictionaries in 2017, is an online dictionary produced by the Oxford University Press (OUP) publishing house, a department of the University of Oxford, which also publishes a number of print dictionaries, among other works.

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Padmanabh Jaini

Padmanabh Shrivarma Jaini is an Indian born scholar of Jainism and Buddhism, currently living in Berkeley, California, United States.

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Painted Grey Ware culture

The Painted Grey Ware culture (PGW) is an Iron Age culture of the western Gangetic plain and the Ghaggar-Hakra valley, lasting from roughly 1200 BCE to 600 BCE.

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Pakistan

Pakistan (پاکِستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان), is a country in South Asia.

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Panchala

Panchala (पञ्चाल) was an ancient kingdom of northern India, located in the Ganges-Yamuna Doab of the upper Gangetic plain.

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Pancharatra

Pancharatra (IAST: Pāñcarātra) was a religious movement in Hinduism that originated in late 1st millennium BCE around the ideas of Narayana considered as an avatar of Vishnu.

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Panchavimsha Brahmana

The Tandya Mahabrahmana (or the Praudha Brahmana) ("great" Brahmana), also known as the Panchavimsha Brahmana from its consisting of twenty-five prapathakas (chapters) is a Brahmana of the Samaveda, belonging to both of its Kauthuma and Ranayaniya shakhas.

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Pandava

In the Mahabharata, a Hindu epic text, the Pandavas are the five acknowledged sons of Pandu, by his two wives Kunti and Madri, who was the princess of Madra.

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Pandu

In the Mahabharata epic, Pandu (पाण्डु Pāṇḍu, lit. yellowish, whitish, pale), was the king of Hastinapur, the son of Ambalika and Vichitravirya.

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Pandyan dynasty

The Pandyan dynasty was an ancient Tamil dynasty, one of the three Tamil dynasties, the other two being the Chola and the Chera.

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Parama Kamboja Kingdom

Parama Kamboja Kingdom was mentioned in the epic Mahabharata to be on the far north west along with the Bahlika, Uttara Madra and Uttara Kuru countries.

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Parashara

Parashara (IAST) was a maharishi and the author of many ancient Indian texts.

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Parikshit

Pariksit (Sanskrit: परिक्षित्) was a Kuru king who reigned during the Middle Vedic period (12th-9th centuries BCE).

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Pāṇini

(पाणिनि, Frits Staal (1965),, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 15, No. 2 (Apr., 1965), pp. 99-116) is an ancient Sanskrit philologist, grammarian, and a revered scholar in Hinduism.

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Persian language

Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (فارسی), is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.

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Peter Brook

Peter Stephen Paul Brook, CH, CBE (born 21 March 1925) is an English theatre and film director who has been based in France since the early 1970s.

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Petruk

Petruk is a character in traditional Javanese puppetry, or wayang.

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Pilgrimage

A pilgrimage is a journey or search of moral or spiritual significance.

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Polyandry

Polyandry (from πολυ- poly-, "many" and ἀνήρ anēr, "man") is a form of polygamy in which a woman takes two or more husbands at the same time.

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Prakash Jha

Prakash Jha (born 27 February 1952) is an Indian film producer, actor, director and screenwriter, mostly known for his political and socio-political films such as Damul (1984), Mrityudand (1997), Gangaajal (2003), Apaharan (2005), including multistarrer hit movies Raajneeti (2010), Aarakshan (2011) Chakravyuh (2012), and Satyagraha (2013).

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Pratibha Ray

Pratibha Ray is an Indian academic and writer.

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Public domain

The public domain consists of all the creative works to which no exclusive intellectual property rights apply.

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Pulakeshin II

Pulakeshin II (610–642 CE), also spelt Pulakesi II and Pulikeshi II, was the most famous ruler of the Chalukya dynasty.

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Pune

Pune, formerly spelled Poona (1857–1978), is the second largest city in the Indian state of Maharashtra, after Mumbai.

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Punokawan

In Javanese wayang (shadow puppets), the panakawan or panakavan (phanakavhan) are the clown servants of the hero.

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Puranas

The Puranas (singular: पुराण), are ancient Hindu texts eulogizing various deities, primarily the divine Trimurti God in Hinduism through divine stories.

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Puruṣārtha

(Sanskrit: पुरुषार्थ) literally means an "object of human pursuit".

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Purushottama Lal

Purushottama Lal (28 August 1929 – 3 November 2010) commonly known as P. Lal was an Indian poet, essayist, translator, professor and publisher.

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Quran

The Quran (القرآن, literally meaning "the recitation"; also romanized Qur'an or Koran) is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (Allah).

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R. K. Narayan

R.

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Raajneeti

Raajneeti (Politics), is a 2010 Indian political thriller film co-written, directed and produced by Prakash Jha, with a screenplay by Anjum Rajabali and Prakash Jha, and starring Ajay Devgn, Nana Patekar, Ranbir Kapoor, Katrina Kaif, Arjun Rampal, Manoj Bajpayee and Naseeruddin Shah in the lead roles.

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Rajasuya

Rajasuya (Imperial Sacrifice or the king's inauguration sacrifice) is a Śrauta ritual of Sanatan Hindu Dharma.

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Rajatarangini

Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir.

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Rajkumar Santoshi

Rajkumar Santoshi is an Indian film director, producer and screenwriter of Hindi films.

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Ramayana

Ramayana (रामायणम्) is an ancient Indian epic poem which narrates the struggle of the divine prince Rama to rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana.

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Ramesh Menon

Ramesh Menon is an author, award-winning journalist, documentary filmmaker, and corporate trainer.

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Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary

Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary is a large American dictionary, first published in 1966 as The Random House Dictionary of the English Language: The Unabridged Edition.

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Razmnama

The Razmnāma (Book of War) (رزم نامہ) is a Persian translation of the Mahabharata.

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Redaction

Redaction is a form of editing in which multiple source texts are combined (redacted) and altered slightly to make a single document.

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Rishi

Rishi (Sanskrit: ऋषि IAST: ṛṣi) is a Vedic term for an inspired poet of hymns from the Vedas.

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Rishyasringa

Rishyasringa (IAST: Ṛṣyaśṛṅga) was a boy born with the horns of a deer in Hindu-Buddhist mythology who became a seer and was seduced by a king's daughter, which had various results according to the variations in the story.

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Romesh Chunder Dutt

Romesh Chunder Dutt, CIE (রমেশচন্দ্র দত্ত) (August 13, 1848 – November 30, 1909) was an Indian civil servant, economic historian, writer, and translator of Ramayana and Mahabharata.

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Sabha Parva

Sabha Parva, also called the "Book of the Assembly Hall", is the second of eighteen books of Mahabharata.

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Sahadeva

In the Hindu epic Mahabharata, Sahadeva (Sanskrit: सहदेव) was the youngest of the five Pandava brothers.

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Sanskrit

Sanskrit is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism; a philosophical language of Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism; and a former literary language and lingua franca for the educated of ancient and medieval India.

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Sati (practice)

Sati or suttee is an obsolete funeral custom where a widow immolates herself on her husband's pyre or takes her own life in another fashion shortly after her husband's death.

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Satna

Satna is a city in the Satna District of Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

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Satyajit Ray

Satyajit Ray (2 May 1921 – 23 April 1992) was an Indian filmmaker, screenwriter, graphic artist, music composer and author, widely regarded as one of the greatest filmmakers of the 20th century.

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Satyaki

Yuyudhana (युयुधान), better known as Satyaki (सात्यकि), was a powerful warrior belonging to the Vrishni clan of the Yadavas, to which Krishna also belonged.

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Satyavati

Satyavati (सत्यवती) (also spelled Satyawati or Setyawati in Indonesian) was the queen of the Kuru king, Shantanu of Hastinapur and the great-grandmother of the Pandava and Kaurava princes (principal characters of the Hindu epic Mahabharata).

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Sauptika Parva

The Sauptika Parva (सौप्तिक पर्व), or the "Book of the Sleeping," is the tenth of eighteen books of the Indian Epic Mahabharata.

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Semar

Semar is a character in Javanese mythology who frequently appears in wayang shadow plays.

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Shakuni

Shakuni (शकुनि, lit. bird) also known as Saubala (Sanskrit: सौबल, lit. son of Subala), Gandhararaja (Sanskrit: गान्धारराज, (lit. king of Gandhara) and Subalraja (Sanskrit): सुबलराज, lit. "King of the Kingdom of Subala" was the prince of Gandhara Kingdom in present-day Gandhara, later to become the King after his father's death and one of the main villains in the Hindu epic Mahabharata. He was the brother of Gandhari and hence Duryodhana's maternal uncle. Portrayed as an extremely intelligent but devious man, Shakuni is often credited as the mastermind behind the Kurukshetra war. Shakuni had a son named Uluka. It is believed that Shakuni was the personification of Dvapara Yuga.

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Shakuntala (play)

Shakuntala, also known as The Recognition of Shakuntala, The Sign of Shakuntala, and many other variants (Devanagari: अभिज्ञानशाकुन्तलम् – Abhijñānashākuntala), is a Sanskrit play by the ancient Indian poet Kālidāsa, dramatizing the story of Shakuntala told in the epic Mahabharata.

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Shalya

In the epic Mahabharata, King Shalya (शल्य, lit. pointed weapon) was the brother of Madri (mother of Nakula and Sahadeva), as well as the ruler of the Madra kingdom.

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Shalya Parva

The Shalya Parva (शल्य पर्व), or the Book of Shalya, is the ninth of eighteen books of the Indian epic Mahabharata.

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Shantanu

In the epic Mahabharata, Shantanu was a Kuru king of Hastinapura.

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Shanti Parva

The Shanti Parva (शान्ति पर्व; IAST: Śānti parva; "Book of Peace") is the twelfth of eighteen books of the Indian Epic Mahabharata.

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Sharon Maas

Sharon Maas (born 1951) is a Guyanese-born novelist, who was educated in England, lived in India, and subsequently in Germany and in Sussex, United Kingdom.

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Shikhandi

Shikhandi (शिखण्डी,, lit. lock on the crown of the head) is a character in the Hindu epic, the Mahabharata.

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Shloka

Shloka (Sanskrit: श्लोक śloka; meaning "song", from the root śru, "hear"Macdonell, Arthur A., A Sanskrit Grammar for Students, Appendix II, p. 232 (Oxford University Press, 3rd edition, 1927).) is a category of verse line developed from the Vedic Anustubh poetic meter.

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Shyam Benegal

Shyam Benegal (born 14 December 1934) is an Indian director and screenwriter.

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Silk Road

The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes that connected the East and West.

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Sindh

Sindh (سنڌ; سِندھ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan, in the southeast of the country.

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Story within a story

A story within a story is a literary device in which one character within a narrative narrates.

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Stri Parva

The Stri Parva (स्त्री पर्व), or the "Book of the Women," is the eleventh of eighteen books of the Indian Epic Mahabharata.

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Subhadra

Subhadra (IAST: Subhadrā) is a character in the Mahabharata written by Vyasa.

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Suman Pokhrel

Suman Pokhrel (सुमन पोखरेल; born on September 21, 1967) is a multilingual Nepali poet, lyricist, playwright, translator, and an artist; who is considered as one of the most important creative voices of South Asia.

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Surya

Surya (सूर्य, IAST: ‘'Sūrya’') is a Sanskrit word that means the Sun.

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Sutra

A sutra (Sanskrit: IAST: sūtra; Pali: sutta) is a religious discourse (teaching) in text form originating from the spiritual traditions of India, particularly Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.

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Svarga

Svarga also known as Swarga or Svarga Loka, is one of the eight higher (Vyahrtis) lokas (esotericism plane) in Hindu cosmology.

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Svargarohana Parva

Svargarohana Parva(स्वर्गारोहण पर्व.) or the Book of the Ascent to Heaven, is the last of eighteen books of the Indian Epic Mahabharata.

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Swami Vivekananda

Swami Vivekananda (12 January 1863 – 4 July 1902), born Narendranath Datta, was an Indian Hindu monk, a chief disciple of the 19th-century Indian mystic Ramakrishna.

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Swayamvara

Swayamvara (स्वयंवर, IAST: svayaṃvara), in ancient India, was a practice of choosing a husband, from among a list of suitors, by a girl of marriageable age.

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Tamil culture

Tamil culture is the culture of the Tamil people.

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Taxila

Taxila (from Pāli: Takkasilā, Sanskrit: तक्षशिला,, meaning "City of Cut Stone" or " Rock") is a town and an important archaeological site in the Rawalpindi District of the Punjab, Pakistan, situated about north-west of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, just off the famous Grand Trunk Road.

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Telugu language

Telugu (తెలుగు) is a South-central Dravidian language native to India.

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Terukkuttu

Terukkuttu is a Tamil street theatre form practised in Tamil Nadu state of India and Tamil-speaking regions of Sri Lanka.

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Textual criticism

Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants in either manuscripts or printed books.

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Thames & Hudson

Thames & Hudson (also Thames and Hudson and sometimes T&H for brevity) is a publisher of illustrated books on art, architecture, design, and visual culture.

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The History and Culture of the Indian People

The History and Culture of the Indian People is a series of eleven volumes on the history of India, from prehistoric times to the establishment of the modern state in 1947.

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The Mahabharata (1989 film)

The Mahabharata is a 1989 film version of the Hindu epic, Mahabharata directed by Peter Brook.

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The Palace of Illusions: A Novel

The Palace of Illusions is a 2008 novel by award-winning novelist and poet Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni.

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The Spitzer manuscript

The Spitzer Manuscript (1st-2nd Century CE) is the oldest surviving Sanskrit manuscript ever found.

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Theatre of ancient Greece

The ancient Greek drama was a theatrical culture that flourished in ancient Greece from c. 700 BC.

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Tirthankara

In Jainism, a tirthankara (Sanskrit:; English: literally a 'ford-maker') is a saviour and spiritual teacher of the dharma (righteous path).

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Trilinga Kshetras

The word Telugu is thought to have been derived from trilinga, as in Trilinga Desa, "the country of the three lingas".

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Udyoga Parva

The Udyoga Parva (उद्योग पर्व), or the Book of Effort, is the fifth of eighteen books of the Indian Epic Mahabharata.

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Ugrashravas

Ugrashravas (Sanskrit: उग्रश्रवस, also Ugrasravas, Sauti, Suta, Sri Suta, Suta Goswami) was the narrator of several Puranas, including Mahābhārata, Bhagavata Purana, Harivamsa, and Padma Purana, with the narrations typically taking place before the sages gathered in Naimisha Forest.

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University of Chicago

The University of Chicago (UChicago, U of C, or Chicago) is a private, non-profit research university in Chicago, Illinois.

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University of Chicago Press

The University of Chicago Press is the largest and one of the oldest university presses in the United States.

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Urubhanga

Urubhanga or Urubhangam, (Devanagari: ऊरुभङ्गम्), (italic) is a Sanskrit play written by Bhasa in the 2nd or 3rd century CE.

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Uttara (Mahabharata)

In the epic Mahabharata, Uttar or Uttara (उत्तर) was the prince of Matsya Kingdom and the son of King Virata, at whose court the Pandavas spent one year in concealment during their exile.

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Vaisampayana

Vaishampayana (वैशंपायन) was the traditional narrator of the Mahabharata, one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India from Takshashila, modern-day Taxila, Pakistan, where he narrated the epic poem for the first time.

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Vana Parva

Aranya Parva, also known as the “Book of the Forest”, is the third of eighteen parvas of the Indian epic Mahabharata.

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Varanasi

Varanasi, also known as Benares, Banaras (Banāras), or Kashi (Kāśī), is a city on the banks of the Ganges in the Uttar Pradesh state of North India, south-east of the state capital, Lucknow, and east of Allahabad.

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Varāhamihira

Vārāhamihira (505–587 CE), also called Vārāha or Mihira, was an Indian astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer who lived in Ujjain.

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Vayu

Vāyu (Sanskrit) is a primary Hindu deity, the lord of the winds, the father of Bhima and the spiritual father of Hanuman.

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Vedanta

Vedanta (Sanskrit: वेदान्त, IAST) or Uttara Mīmāṃsā is one of the six orthodox (''āstika'') schools of Hindu philosophy.

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Vedic and Sanskrit literature

Vedic and Sanskrit literature comprises the spoken or sung literature of the Vedas from the early-to-mid 2nd to mid 1st millennium BCE, and continues with the oral tradition of the Sanskrit epics of Iron Age India; the golden age of Classical Sanskrit literature dates to Late Antiquity (roughly the 3rd to 8th centuries CE).

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Vedic period

The Vedic period, or Vedic age, is the period in the history of the northwestern Indian subcontinent between the end of the urban Indus Valley Civilisation and a second urbanisation in the central Gangetic Plain which began in BCE.

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Vedic Sanskrit

Vedic Sanskrit is an Indo-European language, more specifically one branch of the Indo-Iranian group.

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Vichitravirya

In the epic Mahabharata, Vichitravirya (विचित्रवीर्य, vicitravīrya) is the younger son of queen Satyavati and king Shantanu and grandfather of the Pandavas and Kaurava.

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Victorian literature

Victorian literature is literature, mainly written in English, during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837–1901) (the Victorian era).

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Vidura

Vidura (Sanskrit: विदुर, lit. skilled, intelligent or wise) is one of the central characters in the Mahabharata, a major Hindu epic.

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Vikarna

In the Hindu epic Mahabharata, Vikarna (Sanskrit-विकर्ण) (Tamil: விகர்ணன்) (Telugu: వికర్ణుడు) (Kannada: ವಿಕರ್ಣ) is a Kaurava, a son of Dhritarashtra and Gandhari and a brother to the crown prince Duryodhana.

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Virata

Virata (विराट, lit. huge) in the Hindu epic Mahabharata, was the king of Virata Kingdom, in whose court the Pandavas spent a year in concealment during their exile.

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Virata Parva

Virata Parva, also known as the “Book of Virata”, is the fourth of eighteen books of the Indian Epic Mahabharata.

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Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar

Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar (11 January 1898 – 2 September 1976) (V. S. Khandekar) was a Marathi writer from Maharashtra, India.

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Vyasa

Vyasa (व्यास, literally "Compiler") is a central and revered figure in most Hindu traditions.

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Wayang

Wayang (Krama Javanese: Ringgit, "Shadow"), also known as Wajang, is a form of puppet theatre art found in Indonesia and other parts of Southeast Asia, wherein a dramatic story is told through shadows thrown by puppets and sometimes combined with human characters.

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Wayang wong

Wayang wong, also known as Wayang orang (literally 'human wayang)', is a type of classical Javanese dance theatrical performance with themes taken from episodes of the Ramayana or Mahabharata.

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Wendy Doniger

Wendy Doniger O'Flaherty (born November 20, 1940) is an American Indologist whose professional career has spanned five decades.

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Western world

The Western world refers to various nations depending on the context, most often including at least part of Europe and the Americas.

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William Buck (translator)

William Benson Buck (April 20, 1934 – August 26, 1970) was an American writer who produced novelized translations into English of the Sanskrit epic poems Mahabharata and Ramayana.

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William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 (baptised)—23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as both the greatest writer in the English language, and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.

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Writers Workshop

Writers Workshop is a Calcutta-based literary publisher founded by the poet-professor Purushottama Lal in 1958.

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Yadu

Yadu is one of the five Indo-Aryan tribes (panchajana, panchakrishtya or panchamanusha) mentioned in the Rig Veda.

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Yajnaseni

Yajnaseni: the story of Draupadi is an award-winning 1984 Odia language novel by Pratibha Ray.

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Yajnaseni (play)

Yajnaseni (ne:याज्ञसेनी; is a play in Nepali by Suman Pokhrel. The play is based on Odia novel Yajnaseni by Pratibha Ray.. Suman Pokhrel rendered the novel into a solo play in Nepali by bringing the character Yajnaseni alone in the scenes. Pokhrel has personalized the play while maintaining the basic concept of the original story. The novel Yajnaseni is itself based on the famous Sanskrit epic Mahabharata The story revolves around Draupadi, who is also known as Yajnaseni and is one of the lead characters from the famous Sanskrit epic Mahabharata. The play is a neo-interpretation of Mahabharata from Yajnaseni's perspective. Aarohan Theatre prepared Yajnaseni for stage show for the first time. It was first performed in Irving Arts Center in Texas, United States, on October 2, 2016, as a premiere show before its two-month long U.S. tour. Sunil Pokharel has directed this play and Nisha Sharma performed the role of Yajnaseni on stage. The play was later performed at Ritwik Sadan in Kalyani, West Bengal in India on 11 January 2017 as a part of 12th Ramdhanu Nattyamela organised by.

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Yayati

In Hindu mythology, Yayati (ययाति) was a Puranic king and the son of King Nahusha and his wife Ashokasundari, daughter of Sri Mahadeva and Devi Parvati Mata.

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Yoga

Yoga (Sanskrit, योगः) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.

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Yudhishthira

In the Hindu epic Mahabharata, Yudhishthira (Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर, IAST: Yudhiṣṭhira) was the eldest son of King Pandu and Queen Kunti and the king of Indraprastha and later of Hastinapura (Kuru).

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Yuyutsu

Yuyutsu in the Hindu epic Mahabharata was a son of Dhritarashtra with Sughada/Sauvali, his wife Gandhari's maid.

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`Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni

ʿAbd-ul-Qadir Bada'uni was a historian and translator living in the Mughal Empire.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabharata

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