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62 relations: American Heart Association, Antibiotic, Anxiety, Aortic valve, Aspirin, Atrium (heart), Auscultation, Autonomic nervous system, Bishop, Blood pressure, Body mass index, Cardiac arrest, Cardiology, Chest pain, Chordae tendineae, Collagen, Complication (medicine), Connective tissue, Death, Dermatan sulfate, Echocardiography, Ehlers–Danlos syndromes, Ejection fraction, Electrocardiography, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, Glycosaminoglycan, Graves' disease, HACEK organisms, Handgrip maneuver, Heart, Heart failure, Heart sounds, Heart valve, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Infective endocarditis, J. Michael Criley, John Brereton Barlow, Marfan syndrome, Millimetre, Mitral insufficiency, Mitral valve, Mitral valve prolapse, Mitral valve replacement, Mitre, Movat's stain, Palpitations, Pectus excavatum, Polycystic kidney disease, Preload (cardiology), ..., Propranolol, Rheumatic fever, Shortness of breath, Syncope (medicine), Systole, Tissue (biology), Ultrasound, United States, Valsalva maneuver, Valvular heart disease, Ventricle (heart), Warfarin. Expand index (12 more) »
American Heart Association
The American Heart Association (AHA) is a non-profit organization in the United States that fosters appropriate cardiac care in an effort to reduce disability and deaths caused by cardiovascular disease and stroke.
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Antibiotic
An antibiotic (from ancient Greek αντιβιοτικά, antibiotiká), also called an antibacterial, is a type of antimicrobial drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections.
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Anxiety
Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behaviour such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints, and rumination.
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Aortic valve
The aortic valve is a valve in the human heart between the left ventricle and the aorta.
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Aspirin
Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a medication used to treat pain, fever, or inflammation.
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Atrium (heart)
The atrium is the upper chamber in which blood enters the heart.
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Auscultation
Auscultation (based on the Latin verb auscultare "to listen") is listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope.
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Autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system (ANS), formerly the vegetative nervous system, is a division of the peripheral nervous system that supplies smooth muscle and glands, and thus influences the function of internal organs.
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Bishop
A bishop (English derivation from the New Testament of the Christian Bible Greek επίσκοπος, epískopos, "overseer", "guardian") is an ordained, consecrated, or appointed member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight.
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Blood pressure
Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels.
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Body mass index
The body mass index (BMI) or Quetelet index is a value derived from the mass (weight) and height of an individual.
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Cardiac arrest
Cardiac arrest is a sudden loss of blood flow resulting from the failure of the heart to effectively pump.
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Cardiology
Cardiology (from Greek καρδίᾱ kardiā, "heart" and -λογία -logia, "study") is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the heart as well as parts of the circulatory system.
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Chest pain
Chest pain is pain in any region of the chest.
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Chordae tendineae
The chordae tendineae (tendinous chords), colloquially known as the heart strings, are tendon-resembling fibrous cord connective tissue that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the bicuspid valve in the heart.
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Collagen
Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular space in the various connective tissues in animal bodies.
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Complication (medicine)
Complication, in medicine, is an unfavorable evolution or consequence of a disease, a health condition or a therapy.
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Connective tissue
Connective tissue (CT) is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.
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Death
Death is the cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism.
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Dermatan sulfate
Dermatan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan (formerly called a mucopolysaccharide) found mostly in skin, but also in blood vessels, heart valves, tendons, and lungs.
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Echocardiography
An echocardiogram, often referred to as a cardiac echo or simply an echo, is a sonogram of the heart.
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Ehlers–Danlos syndromes
Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of genetic connective tissue disorders.
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Ejection fraction
An ejection fraction (EF) is the volumetric fraction of fluid (usually blood) ejected from a chamber (usually the heart) with each contraction (or heartbeat).
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Electrocardiography
Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on the skin.
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Framingham Heart Study
The Framingham Heart Study is a long-term, ongoing cardiovascular cohort study on residents of the city of Framingham, Massachusetts.
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Framingham, Massachusetts
Framingham is a city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.
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Glycosaminoglycan
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) or mucopolysaccharides are long unbranched polysaccharides consisting of a repeating disaccharide unit.
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Graves' disease
Graves' disease, also known as toxic diffuse goiter, is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid.
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HACEK organisms
The HACEK organisms are a group of fastidious gram-negative bacteria that are an unusual cause of infective endocarditis, which is an inflammation of the heart due to bacterial infection.
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Handgrip maneuver
The handgrip maneuver is performed by clenching one's fist forcefully for a sustained time until fatigued.
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Heart
The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.
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Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), is when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs.
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Heart sounds
Heart sounds are the noises generated by the beating heart and the resultant flow of blood through it.
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Heart valve
A heart valve normally allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart.
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a condition in which a portion of the heart becomes thickened without an obvious cause.
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Infective endocarditis
Infective endocarditis is an infection of the inner surface of the heart, usually the valves.
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J. Michael Criley
Dr.
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John Brereton Barlow
John Brereton Barlow (24 October 1924 – 10 December 2008) was a world-renowned South African cardiologist.
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Marfan syndrome
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue.
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Millimetre
The millimetre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI unit symbol mm) or millimeter (American spelling) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one thousandth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length.
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Mitral insufficiency
Mitral insufficiency (MI), mitral regurgitation or mitral incompetence is a disorder of the heart in which the mitral valve does not close properly when the heart pumps out blood.
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Mitral valve
The mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve, is a valve with two flaps in the heart, that lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
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Mitral valve prolapse
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP; a.k.a. floppy mitral valve syndrome, systolic click murmur syndrome or billowing mitral leaflet) is a valvular heart disease characterized by the displacement of an abnormally thickened mitral valve leaflet into the left atrium during systole.
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Mitral valve replacement
Mitral valve replacement is a cardiac surgical procedure in which a patient’s diseased mitral valve is replaced by either a mechanical or bioprosthetic valve.
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Mitre
The mitre (British English) (Greek: μίτρα, "headband" or "turban") or miter (American English; see spelling differences), is a type of headgear now known as the traditional, ceremonial head-dress of bishops and certain abbots in traditional Christianity.
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Movat's stain
Movat's stain is a pentachrome stain originally developed by Henry Zoltan Movat (1923–1995), a Romanian-Canadian Pathologist in Toronto in 1955 to highlight the various constituents of connective tissue, especially cardiovascular tissue, by five colors in a single stained slide.
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Palpitations
Palpitations are the perceived abnormality of the heartbeat characterized by awareness of cardiac muscle contractions in the chest: hard, fast and/or irregular beats.
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Pectus excavatum
Pectus excavatum is a congenital deformity of the anterior thoracic wall in which the sternum and rib cage grow abnormally.
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Polycystic kidney disease
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD or PCKD, also known as polycystic kidney syndrome) is a genetic disorder in which the renal tubules become structurally abnormal, resulting in the development and growth of multiple cysts within the kidney.
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Preload (cardiology)
In cardiac physiology, preload is the end diastolic volume that stretches the right or left ventricle of the heart to its greatest dimensions under variable physiologic demand.
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Propranolol
Propranolol, sold under the brand name Inderal among others, is a medication of the beta blocker type. It is used to treat high blood pressure, a number of types of irregular heart rate, thyrotoxicosis, capillary hemangiomas, performance anxiety, and essential tremors. It is used to prevent migraine headaches, and to prevent further heart problems in those with angina or previous heart attacks. It can be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein. The formulation that is taken by mouth comes in short-acting and long-acting versions. Propranolol appears in the blood after 30 minutes and has a maximum effect between 60 and 90 minutes when taken by mouth. Common side effects include nausea, abdominal pain, and constipation. It should not be used in those with an already slow heart rate and most of those with heart failure. Quickly stopping the medication in those with coronary artery disease may worsen symptoms. It may worsen the symptoms of asthma. Caution is recommended in those with liver or kidney problems. Propranolol may cause harmful effects in the baby if taken during pregnancy. Its use during breastfeeding is probably safe, but the baby should be monitored for side effects. It is a non-selective beta blocker which works by blocking β-adrenergic receptors. Propranolol was discovered in 1964. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. Propranolol is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost in the developing world is between 0.24 and 2.16 per month as of 2014. In the United States it costs about $15 per month at a typical dose.
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Rheumatic fever
Rheumatic fever (RF) is an inflammatory disease that can involve the heart, joints, skin, and brain.
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Shortness of breath
Shortness of breath, also known as dyspnea, is the feeling that one cannot breathe well enough.
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Syncope (medicine)
Syncope, also known as fainting, is a loss of consciousness and muscle strength characterized by a fast onset, short duration, and spontaneous recovery.
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Systole
The systole is that part of the cardiac cycle during which some chambers of the heart muscle contract after refilling with blood.
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Tissue (biology)
In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ.
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Ultrasound
Ultrasound is sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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Valsalva maneuver
The Valsalva maneuver or Valsalva manoeuvre is performed by moderately forceful attempted exhalation against a closed airway, usually done by closing one's mouth, pinching one's nose shut while pressing out as if blowing up a balloon.
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Valvular heart disease
Valvular heart disease is any disease process involving one or more of the four valves of the heart (the aortic and bicuspid valves on the left side of heart and the pulmonary and tricuspid valves on the right side of heart. These conditions occur largely as a consequence of aging,Burden of valvular heart diseases: a population-based study. Nkomo VT, Gardin JM, Skelton TN, Gottdiener JS, Scott CG, Enriquez-Sarano. Lancet. 2006 Sep;368(9540):1005-11. but may also be the result of congenital (inborn) abnormalities or specific disease or physiologic processes including rheumatic heart disease and pregnancy. Anatomically, the valves are part of the dense connective tissue of the heart known as the cardiac skeleton and are responsible for the regulation of blood flow through the heart and great vessels. Valve failure or dysfunction can result in diminished heart functionality, though the particular consequences are dependent on the type and severity of valvular disease. Treatment of damaged valves may involve medication alone, but often involves surgical valve repair (valvuloplasty) or replacement (insertion of an artificial heart valve).
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Ventricle (heart)
A ventricle is one of two large chambers in the heart that collect and expel blood received from an atrium towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs.
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Warfarin
Warfarin, sold under the brand name Coumadin among others, is a medication that is used as an anticoagulant (blood thinner).
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Barlow's syndrome, Click murmur syndrome, Mitral Valve Prolapse, Mitral prolapse, Mitral valve prolapse dysautonomia, Mitral valve prolapse syndrome, Mitral valve prolapse, familial, X linked, Mitral valve prolapse, familial, autosomal dominant, Myxomatous degeneration, Myxomatous mitral valve, Prolapsing mitral valve.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitral_valve_prolapse
