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Neaira (hetaera)

Index Neaira (hetaera)

Neaira (Νέαιρα), also Neaera, was a hetaera who lived in the 4th century BC in ancient Greece. [1]

26 relations: Ancient Greece, Apollodorus of Acharnae, Athenaeus, Athens, Chabrias, City-state, Classical antiquity, Corinth, Deipnosophistae, Demosthenes, Eleusinian Mysteries, Hetaira, Lysias, Megara, Mina (unit), Nikarete of Corinth, Panathenaic Games, Phryne, Polis, Prostitution, Prostitution in ancient Greece, Pseudo-Demosthenes, Pythian Games, Sex industry, Slavery in ancient Greece, Women in Classical Athens.

Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 13th–9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (AD 600).

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Apollodorus of Acharnae

Apollodorus (Apollodōros; 394 – after 343 BCE) of Acharnae in Attica was an Athenian politician known from several ancient forensic speeches which were preserved as part of the Demosthenic corpus.

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Athenaeus

Athenaeus of Naucratis (Ἀθήναιος Nαυκρατίτης or Nαυκράτιος, Athēnaios Naukratitēs or Naukratios; Athenaeus Naucratita) was a Greek rhetorician and grammarian, flourishing about the end of the 2nd and beginning of the 3rd century AD.

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Athens

Athens (Αθήνα, Athína; Ἀθῆναι, Athênai) is the capital and largest city of Greece.

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Chabrias

Chabrias (Χαβρίας) was an Athenian general of the 4th century BC.

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City-state

A city-state is a sovereign state, also described as a type of small independent country, that usually consists of a single city and its dependent territories.

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Classical antiquity

Classical antiquity (also the classical era, classical period or classical age) is the period of cultural history between the 8th century BC and the 5th or 6th century AD centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, collectively known as the Greco-Roman world.

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Corinth

Corinth (Κόρινθος, Kórinthos) is an ancient city and former municipality in Corinthia, Peloponnese, which is located in south-central Greece.

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Deipnosophistae

The Deipnosophistae is an early 3rd-century AD Greek work (Δειπνοσοφισταί, Deipnosophistaí, lit. "The Dinner Sophists/Philosophers/Experts") by the Greco-Egyptian author Athenaeus of Naucratis.

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Demosthenes

Demosthenes (Δημοσθένης Dēmosthénēs;; 384 – 12 October 322 BC) was a Greek statesman and orator of ancient Athens.

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Eleusinian Mysteries

The Eleusinian Mysteries (Ἐλευσίνια Μυστήρια) were initiations held every year for the cult of Demeter and Persephone based at Eleusis in ancient Greece.

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Hetaira

Hetaira (plural hetairai, also hetaera (plural hetaerae), (ἑταίρα, "companion", pl. ἑταῖραι) was a type of prostitute in ancient Greece. Traditionally, historians of ancient Greece have distinguished between hetairai and pornai, another class of prostitute in ancient Greece. In contrast to pornai, who provided sex for a large number of clients in brothels or on the street, hetairai were thought to have had only a few men as clients at any one time, to have had long-term relationships with them, and to have provided companionship and intellectual stimulation as well as sex. For instance, Charles Seltman wrote in 1953 that "hetaeras were certainly in a very different class, often highly educated women". More recently, however, historians have questioned the extent to which there was really a distinction between hetairai and pornai. The second edition of the Oxford Classical Dictionary, for instance, held that hetaira was a euphemism for any kind of prostitute. This position is supported by Konstantinos Kapparis, who holds that Apollodorus' famous tripartite division of the types of women in the speech Against Neaera ("We have courtesans for pleasure, concubines for the daily tending of the body, and wives in order to beget legitimate children and have a trustworthy guardian of what is at home.") classes all prostitutes together, under the term hetairai. A third position, advanced by Rebecca Futo Kennedy, suggests that hetairai "were not prostitutes or even courtesans". Instead, she argues, hetairai were "elite women who participated in sympotic and luxury culture", just as hetairoi – the masculine form of the word – was used to refer to groups of elite men at symposia. Even when the term hetaira was used to refer to a specific class of prostitute, though, scholars disagree on what precisely the line of demarcation was. Kurke emphasises that hetairai veiled the fact that they were selling sex through the language of gift-exchange, while pornai explicitly commodified sex. She claims that both hetairai and pornai could be slaves or free, and might or might not work for a pimp. Kapparis says that hetairai were high-class prostitutes, and cites Dover as pointing to the long-term nature of hetairai's relationships with individual men. Miner disagrees with Kurke, claiming that hetairai were always free, not slaves. Along with sexual services, women described as hetairai rather than pornai seem to have often been educated, and have provided companionship. According to Kurke, the concept of hetairism was a product of the symposium, where hetairai were permitted as sexually available companions of the male party-goers. In Athenaeus' Deipnosophistai, hetairai are described as providing "flattering and skillful conversation": something which is, elsewhere in classical literature, seen as a significant part of the hetaira's role. Particularly, "witty" and "refined" (αστεία) were seen as attributes which distinguished hetairai from common pornai. Hetairai are likely to have been musically educated, too. Free hetairai could become very wealthy, and control their own finances. However, their careers could be short, and if they did not earn enough to support themselves, they might have been forced to resort to working in brothels, or working as pimps, in order to ensure a continued income as they got older.

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Lysias

Lysias (Λυσίας; c. 445 BC – c. 380 BC) was a logographer (speech writer) in Ancient Greece.

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Megara

Megara (Μέγαρα) is a historic town and a municipality in West Attica, Greece.

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Mina (unit)

The mina (also mĕnē, Aramaic) is an ancient Near Eastern unit of weight, which was divided into 50 shekels.

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Nikarete of Corinth

Nikarete was a madam from Corinth, who lived in the 5th and 4th century BC.

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Panathenaic Games

The Panathenaic Games were held every four years in Athens in Ancient Greece from 566 BC to the 3rd century AD.

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Phryne

Phryne (Φρύνη) (born c. 371 BC) was an ancient Greek courtesan (hetaira), from the fourth century BC.

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Polis

Polis (πόλις), plural poleis (πόλεις), literally means city in Greek.

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Prostitution

Prostitution is the business or practice of engaging in sexual activity in exchange for payment.

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Prostitution in ancient Greece

Prostitution was a common aspect of ancient Greece.

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Pseudo-Demosthenes

The speeches of Pseudo-Demosthenes are those preserved among the speeches of Demosthenes but not thought to have been authored by him.

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Pythian Games

The Pythian Games (Πύθια; also Delphic Games) were one of the four Panhellenic Games of Ancient Greece.

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Sex industry

The sex industry (also called the sex trade) consists of businesses which either directly or indirectly provide sex-related products and services or adult entertainment.

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Slavery in ancient Greece

Slavery was a common practice in ancient Greece, as in other societies of the time.

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Women in Classical Athens

The study of the lives of women in Classical Athens has been a significant part of classical scholarship since the 1970s.

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Redirects here:

Neaera (hetaera), Neaira (hetaira).

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neaira_(hetaera)

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