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238 relations: Absolute monarchy, Alexander Neville, Anne of Bohemia, Anthony Goodman (historian), Anthony Steel (historian), Anthony Tuck, Antipope Clement VII, Archbishop of Canterbury, Archbishop of York, Attributed arms, Avignon Papacy, Battle of Otterburn, Battle of Poitiers, Battle of Radcot Bridge, Billericay, Bishop of Norwich, Black Death, Black Death in England, Blackheath, London, Blanche of Lancaster, Bordeaux, Cambridge University Press, Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles VI of France, Cheshire, Chronicle, Coat of arms, Common law, Confessio Amantis, Continuum International Publishing Group, Conwy Castle, Coronation of the British monarch, Counts and dukes of Aumale, Crown of Castile, Crusades, Cultural depictions of Richard II of England, Deposition (politics), Dominican Order, Duchy of Aquitaine, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Exeter, Duke of Hereford, Duke of Ireland, Duke of Norfolk, Duke of Somerset, Dysentery, Earl of Gloucester, Earl of Huntingdon, Earl of Kent, ..., Earl of Salisbury, Earl of Suffolk, Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, Edmund the Martyr, Edward Hall, Edward I of England, Edward II of England, Edward III of England, Edward IV of England, Edward of Angoulême, Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York, Edward the Black Prince, Edward the Confessor, Elizabeth of Pomerania, Emblem, English invasion of Scotland (1385), Epiphany (holiday), Epiphany Rising, Essex, Favourite, Flint Castle, France in the Middle Ages, Geoffrey Chaucer, Ghent, Greenwich, Hammerbeam roof, HarperCollins, Heir apparent, Henry III of England, Henry IV of England, Henry Knighton, Henry le Despenser, Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, Henry Thomas Riley, Henry V of England, Henry VII of England, Henry Yevele, Heraldic badge, Hertfordshire, Highness, History (journal), Holy Roman Emperor, Homage (feudal), House of Commons of England, House of Lancaster, House of Plantagenet, House of Tudor, Hugh Despenser the Younger, Hugh Herland, Hundred Years' War, Hundred Years' War (1369–89), Illuminated manuscript, Impalement (heraldry), Institute of Historical Research, International Gothic, Isabella of France, Isabella of Valois, Jack Straw (rebel leader), Jean Froissart, Joan of Kent, Joan of Valois, Countess of Hainaut, John Ball (priest), John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, John Gower, John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter, John Montagu, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, John of Gaunt, John the Baptist, John Trevor (died 1410), Jonathan Cape, Justice of Chester, Katherine Swynford, Kenilworth Castle, Kent, King's Langley Priory, Kingdom of Castile, Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Navarre, Kingdom of Portugal, Kingdom of Scotland, Kings Langley, Law Quarterly Review, Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, List of Bohemian monarchs, List of English monarchs, Livery, Lollardy, London, Longman, Lord Chancellor, Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, Lord High Treasurer, Lord Mayor of London, Lords Appellant, Lordship of Ireland, Louis I, Duke of Orléans, Macmillan Education, Madonna (art), Majesty, Margaret of France, Queen of England, Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell, Marquess, Marquess of Dorset, Merciless Parliament, Methuen Publishing, Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk, Michael Jones (historian), Michael Levey, Mile End, Narcissistic personality disorder, Nicholas Brembre, Nigel Saul, Normans in Ireland, Office of Public Sector Information, Office of Works, Old St Paul's Cathedral, Oxford Dictionary of English, Oxford University Press, Palace of Westminster, Panel painting, Parliament of England, Peasants' Revolt, Personality disorder, Philippa of Hainault, Poll tax, Pontefract Castle, Pope Urban VI, Primogeniture, Prince of Wales, Ravenspurn, Regent, Retinue, Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel, Richard II (play), River Thames, Robert de Vere, Duke of Ireland, Robert Hales, Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, Robert Tresilian, Romanesque architecture, Routledge, Royal Holloway, University of London, Royal prerogative, Samuel Daniel, Savoy Palace, Schizophrenia, Scullery maid, Second plague pandemic, Serfdom, Simon de Burley, Simon Sudbury, Simon Walker (historian), Smithfield, London, Stirling Castle, Style of the British sovereign, Succession to the British throne, Taxation in medieval England, Temporalities, The 'Wonderful Parliament' (1386), The Book of the Duchess, The History Press, Thomas Arundel, Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick, Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey, Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent, Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester, Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester, Thomas Walsingham, Tournament (medieval), Tower of London, Usurper, Vivian Hunter Galbraith, Wars of the Roses, Wat Tyler, Western Schism, Westminster Abbey, White Hart, William de Montagu, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, William I, Count of Hainaut, William Shakespeare, William Stubbs, William Walworth, Wilton Diptych, Yale University Press, Yorkshire. 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Absolute monarchy
Absolute monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which one ruler has supreme authority and where that authority is not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customs.
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Alexander Neville
Alexander Neville (c. 1340–1392) was a late medieval prelate who served as Archbishop of York from 1374 to 1388.
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Anne of Bohemia
Anne of Bohemia (11 May 1366 – 7 June 1394) was Queen of England as the first wife of King Richard II.
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Anthony Goodman (historian)
Anthony Eric Goodman (1936–2016) was an English professor emeritus of medieval and renaissance studies at the University of Edinburgh.
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Anthony Steel (historian)
Anthony Bedford Steel (24 February 1900 – 3 October 1973) was a British historian, specialising on medieval England.
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Anthony Tuck
Anthony Tuck (born 1940) is Emeritus Professor of Medieval History at the University of Bristol.
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Antipope Clement VII
Robert of Geneva (Robert de Genève) (1342 – 16 September 1394) was elected to the papacy as Clement VII (Clément VII) by the French cardinals who opposed Urban VI, and was the first antipope residing in Avignon, France.
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Archbishop of Canterbury
The Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury.
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Archbishop of York
The Archbishop of York is a senior bishop in the Church of England, second only to the Archbishop of Canterbury.
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Attributed arms
Attributed arms are Western European coats of arms given retrospectively to persons real or fictitious who died before the start of the age of heraldry in the latter half of the 12th century.
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Avignon Papacy
The Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon (then in the Kingdom of Arles, part of the Holy Roman Empire, now in France) rather than in Rome.
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Battle of Otterburn
The Battle of Otterburn took place according to Scottish sources on 5 August 1388, or 19 August according to English sources, as part of the continuing border skirmishes between the Scots and English.
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Battle of Poitiers
The Battle of Poitiers was fought on 19 September 1356 in Nouaillé, near the city of Poitiers in Aquitaine, western France.
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Battle of Radcot Bridge
The Battle of Radcot Bridge was fought on 19 December 1387 at Radcot Bridge in England, a bridge over the River Thames now in Oxfordshire but then the boundary between Oxfordshire and Berkshire.
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Billericay
Billericay is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Basildon, Essex, England.
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Bishop of Norwich
The Bishop of Norwich is the ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Norwich in the Province of Canterbury.
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Black Death
The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or simply the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351.
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Black Death in England
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348.
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Blackheath, London
Blackheath is a district of south east London, England, within the Royal Borough of Greenwich and the London Borough of Lewisham.
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Blanche of Lancaster
Blanche of Lancaster (25 March 1345/1347 – 12 September 1368) was a member of the English royal House of Plantagenet and the daughter of the kingdom's wealthiest and most powerful peer, Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster.
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Bordeaux
Bordeaux (Gascon Occitan: Bordèu) is a port city on the Garonne in the Gironde department in Southwestern France.
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Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.
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Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles IV (Karel IV., Karl IV., Carolus IV; 14 May 1316 – 29 November 1378Karl IV. In: (1960): Geschichte in Gestalten (History in figures), vol. 2: F-K. 38, Frankfurt 1963, p. 294), born Wenceslaus, was a King of Bohemia and the first King of Bohemia to also become Holy Roman Emperor.
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Charles VI of France
Charles VI (3 December 1368 – 21 October 1422), called the Beloved (le Bien-Aimé) and the Mad (le Fol or le Fou), was King of France for 42 years from 1380 to his death in 1422.
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Cheshire
Cheshire (archaically the County Palatine of Chester) is a county in North West England, bordering Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north, Derbyshire to the east, Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south and Flintshire, Wales and Wrexham county borough to the west.
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Chronicle
A chronicle (chronica, from Greek χρονικά, from χρόνος, chronos, "time") is a historical account of facts and events ranged in chronological order, as in a time line.
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Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard.
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Common law
Common law (also known as judicial precedent or judge-made law, or case law) is that body of law derived from judicial decisions of courts and similar tribunals.
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Confessio Amantis
Confessio Amantis ("The Lover's Confession") is a 33,000-line Middle English poem by John Gower, which uses the confession made by an ageing lover to the chaplain of Venus as a frame story for a collection of shorter narrative poems.
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Continuum International Publishing Group
Continuum International Publishing Group was an academic publisher of books with editorial offices in London and New York City.
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Conwy Castle
Conwy Castle (Castell Conwy, Conway Castle) is a medieval fortification in Conwy, on the north coast of Wales.
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Coronation of the British monarch
The coronation of the British monarch is a ceremony (specifically, initiation rite) in which the monarch of the United Kingdom is formally invested with regalia and crowned at Westminster Abbey.
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Counts and dukes of Aumale
The County of Aumale, later elevated to a duchy, was a medieval fief in Normandy.
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Crown of Castile
The Crown of Castile was a medieval state in the Iberian Peninsula that formed in 1230 as a result of the third and definitive union of the crowns and, some decades later, the parliaments of the kingdoms of Castile and León upon the accession of the then Castilian king, Ferdinand III, to the vacant Leonese throne. It continued to exist as a separate entity after the personal union in 1469 of the crowns of Castile and Aragon with the marriage of the Catholic Monarchs up to the promulgation of the Nueva Planta decrees by Philip V in 1715. The Indies, Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea were also a part of the Crown of Castile when transformed from lordships to kingdoms of the heirs of Castile in 1506, with the Treaty of Villafáfila, and upon the death of Ferdinand the Catholic. The title of "King of Castile" remained in use by the Habsburg rulers during the 16th and 17th centuries. Charles I was King of Aragon, Majorca, Valencia, and Sicily, and Count of Barcelona, Roussillon and Cerdagne, as well as King of Castile and León, 1516–1556. In the early 18th century, Philip of Bourbon won the War of the Spanish Succession and imposed unification policies over the Crown of Aragon, supporters of their enemies. This unified the Crown of Aragon and the Crown of Castile into the kingdom of Spain. Even though the Nueva Planta decrees did not formally abolish the Crown of Castile, the country of (Castile and Aragon) was called "Spain" by both contemporaries and historians. "King of Castile" also remains part of the full title of Felipe VI of Spain, the current King of Spain according to the Spanish constitution of 1978, in the sense of titles, not of states.
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Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period.
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Cultural depictions of Richard II of England
Richard II of England has been depicted in popular culture a number of times.
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Deposition (politics)
Deposition by political means concerns the removal of a politician or monarch.
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Dominican Order
The Order of Preachers (Ordo Praedicatorum, postnominal abbreviation OP), also known as the Dominican Order, is a mendicant Catholic religious order founded by the Spanish priest Dominic of Caleruega in France, approved by Pope Honorius III via the Papal bull Religiosam vitam on 22 December 1216.
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Duchy of Aquitaine
The Duchy of Aquitaine (Ducat d'Aquitània,, Duché d'Aquitaine) was a historical fiefdom in western, central and southern areas of present-day France to the south of the Loire River, although its extent, as well as its name, fluctuated greatly over the centuries, at times comprising much of what is now southwestern France (Gascony) and central France.
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Duke of Aquitaine
The Duke of Aquitaine (Duc d'Aquitània, Duc d'Aquitaine) was the ruler of the ancient region of Aquitaine (not to be confused with modern-day Aquitaine) under the supremacy of Frankish, English, and later French kings.
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Duke of Cornwall
Duke of Cornwall is a title in the Peerage of England, traditionally held by the eldest son of the reigning British monarch, previously the English monarch.
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Duke of Exeter
The title Duke of Exeter was created several times in England in the later Middle Ages, when Exeter was the main town of Devon.
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Duke of Hereford
Duke of Hereford was a title in the Peerage of England.
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Duke of Ireland
The title of Duke of Ireland was created in 1386 for Robert de Vere, 9th Earl of Oxford (1362–1392), the favourite of King Richard II of England, who had previously been created Marquess of Dublin.
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Duke of Norfolk
The Duke of Norfolk is the premier duke in the peerage of England, and also, as Earl of Arundel, the premier earl.
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Duke of Somerset
Duke of Somerset is a title in the peerage of England that has been created several times.
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Dysentery
Dysentery is an inflammatory disease of the intestine, especially of the colon, which always results in severe diarrhea and abdominal pains.
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Earl of Gloucester
The title of Earl of Gloucester was created several times in the Peerage of England.
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Earl of Huntingdon
Earl of Huntingdon is a title which has been created several times in the Peerage of England.
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Earl of Kent
The peerage title Earl of Kent has been created eight times in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.
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Earl of Salisbury
Earl of Salisbury is a title that has been created several times in English and British history.
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Earl of Suffolk
Earl of Suffolk is a title that has been created four times in the Peerage of England.
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Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March
Edmund de Mortimer, 5th Earl of March and 7th Earl of Ulster (6 November 1391 – 18 January 1425) was an English nobleman.
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Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York
Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, KG (5 June 1341 – 1 August 1402) was the fourth surviving son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault.
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Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent
Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (5 August 1301 – 19 March 1330) was the sixth son of Edward I of England, and a younger half-brother of Edward II.
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Edmund the Martyr
Edmund the Martyr (also known as St Edmund or Edmund of East Anglia, died 20 November 869) was king of East Anglia from about 855 until his death.
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Edward Hall
Edward Hall or Halle (1497–1547), was an English lawyer, Member of Parliament, and historian, best known for his The Union of the Two Noble and Illustre Families of Lancastre and Yorke, commonly known as Hall's Chronicle.
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Edward I of England
Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (Malleus Scotorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307.
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Edward II of England
Edward II (25 April 1284 – 21 September 1327), also called Edward of Carnarvon, was King of England from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327.
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Edward III of England
Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from January 1327 until his death; he is noted for his military success and for restoring royal authority after the disastrous and unorthodox reign of his father, Edward II.
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Edward IV of England
Edward IV (28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was the King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470, and again from 11 April 1471 until his death.
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Edward of Angoulême
Edward of Angoulême (27 January 1365 – September 1370) was second in line to the throne of the Kingdom of England and heir to the Earldom of Kent and the elder brother of Richard of Bordeaux (later King Richard II).
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Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York
Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York, KG (– 25 October 1415) was an English nobleman and magnate, the eldest son of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, by his first wife Isabella of Castile, and a grandson of King Edward III of England.
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Edward the Black Prince
Edward of Woodstock, known as the Black Prince (15 June 1330 – 8 June 1376), was the eldest son of Edward III, King of England, and Philippa of Hainault and participated in the early years of the Hundred Years War.
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Edward the Confessor
Edward the Confessor (Ēadƿeard Andettere, Eduardus Confessor; 1003 – 5 January 1066), also known as Saint Edward the Confessor, was among the last Anglo-Saxon kings of England.
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Elizabeth of Pomerania
Elizabeth of Pomerania (– 15 April 1393) was the fourth and final wife of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and king of Bohemia.
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Emblem
An emblem is an abstract or representational pictorial image that represents a concept, like a moral truth, or an allegory, or a person, like a king or saint.
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English invasion of Scotland (1385)
The English invasion of Scotland took place in July 1385 when King Richard II led an English army into Scotland.
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Epiphany (holiday)
Epiphany, also Theophany, Little Christmas, or Three Kings' Day, is a Christian feast day that celebrates the revelation of God incarnate as Jesus Christ.
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Epiphany Rising
The Epiphany Rising was a failed rebellion against Henry IV of England in late December 1399 and early January 1400.
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Essex
Essex is a county in the East of England.
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Favourite
A favourite or favorite (American English) was the intimate companion of a ruler or other important person.
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Flint Castle
Flint Castle (Castell y Fflint) located in Flint, Flintshire, was the first of a series of castles built during King Edward I's campaign to conquer Wales.
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France in the Middle Ages
The Kingdom of France in the Middle Ages (roughly, from the 9th century to the middle of the 15th century) was marked by the fragmentation of the Carolingian Empire and West Francia (843–987); the expansion of royal control by the House of Capet (987–1328), including their struggles with the virtually independent principalities (duchies and counties, such as the Norman and Angevin regions) that had developed following the Viking invasions and through the piecemeal dismantling of the Carolingian Empire and the creation and extension of administrative/state control (notably under Philip II Augustus and Louis IX) in the 13th century; and the rise of the House of Valois (1328–1589), including the protracted dynastic crisis of the Hundred Years' War with the Kingdom of England (1337–1453) compounded by the catastrophic Black Death epidemic (1348), which laid the seeds for a more centralized and expanded state in the early modern period and the creation of a sense of French identity.
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Geoffrey Chaucer
Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343 – 25 October 1400), known as the Father of English literature, is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages.
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Ghent
Ghent (Gent; Gand) is a city and a municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium.
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Greenwich
Greenwich is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross.
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Hammerbeam roof
A hammerbeam roof is a decorative, open timber roof truss typical of English Gothic architecture and has been called "...the most spectacular endeavour of the English Medieval carpenter." They are traditionally timber framed, using short beams projecting from the wall on which the rafters land, essentially a tie beam which has the middle cut out.
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HarperCollins
HarperCollins Publishers L.L.C. is one of the world's largest publishing companies and is one of the Big Five English-language publishing companies, alongside Hachette, Macmillan, Penguin Random House, and Simon & Schuster.
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Heir apparent
An heir apparent is a person who is first in a line of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person.
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Henry III of England
Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death.
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Henry IV of England
Henry IV (15 April 1367 – 20 March 1413), also known as Henry Bolingbroke, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1399 to 1413, and asserted the claim of his grandfather, Edward III, to the Kingdom of France.
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Henry Knighton
Henry Knighton (or Knyghton) (died c. 1396, in England) was an Augustinian canon at the abbey of St Mary of the Meadows, Leicester, England, and an ecclesiastical historian (chronicler).
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Henry le Despenser
Henry le Despenser (c. 1341–1406) was a 14th-century English nobleman and Bishop of Norwich whose reputation as the 'Fighting Bishop' was gained for his part in suppressing the Peasants' Revolt in East Anglia and in defeating the peasants at the Battle of North Walsham in the summer of 1381.
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Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland
Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, 4th Baron Percy, titular King of Mann, KG, Lord Marshal (10 November 1341 – 20 February 1408) was the son of Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy, and a descendant of Henry III of England.
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Henry Thomas Riley
Henry Thomas Riley (1816–1878) was an English translator, lexicographer, and antiquary.
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Henry V of England
Henry V (9 August 1386 – 31 August 1422) was King of England from 1413 until his death at the age of 36 in 1422.
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Henry VII of England
Henry VII (Harri Tudur; 28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509) was the King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 to his death on 21 April 1509.
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Henry Yevele
Henry Yevele (c.1320-1400) was the most prolific and successful master mason active in late medieval England.
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Heraldic badge
A heraldic badge, emblem, impresa, device, or personal device worn as a badge indicates allegiance to, or the property of, an individual or family.
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Hertfordshire
Hertfordshire (often abbreviated Herts) is a county in southern England, bordered by Bedfordshire to the north, Cambridgeshire to the north-east, Essex to the east, Buckinghamshire to the west and Greater London to the south.
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Highness
Highness (abbreviation HH, oral address Your Highness) is a formal style used to address (in second person) or refer to (in third person) certain members of a reigning or formerly reigning dynasty.
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History (journal)
History is a peer-reviewed academic journal published quarterly by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Historical Association.
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Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor (historically Romanorum Imperator, "Emperor of the Romans") was the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire (800-1806 AD, from Charlemagne to Francis II).
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Homage (feudal)
Homage in the Middle Ages was the ceremony in which a feudal tenant or vassal pledged reverence and submission to his feudal lord, receiving in exchange the symbolic title to his new position (investiture).
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House of Commons of England
The House of Commons of England was the lower house of the Parliament of England (which incorporated Wales) from its development in the 14th century to the union of England and Scotland in 1707, when it was replaced by the House of Commons of Great Britain.
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House of Lancaster
The House of Lancaster was the name of two cadet branches of the royal House of Plantagenet.
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House of Plantagenet
The House of Plantagenet was a royal house which originated from the lands of Anjou in France.
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House of Tudor
The House of Tudor was an English royal house of Welsh origin, descended in the male line from the Tudors of Penmynydd.
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Hugh Despenser the Younger
Hugh le Despenser, 1st Lord Despenser (c. 1286 – 24 November 1326), also referred to as "the younger Despenser", was the son and heir of Hugh le Despenser, Earl of Winchester (the elder Despenser) by his wife Isabella de Beauchamp, daughter of William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick.
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Hugh Herland
Hugh Herland (c. 1330 – c. 1411) was a 14th-century medieval English carpenter.
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Hundred Years' War
The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the House of Valois, over the right to rule the Kingdom of France.
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Hundred Years' War (1369–89)
The Caroline War was the second phase of the Hundred Years' War between France and England, following the Edwardian War.
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Illuminated manuscript
An illuminated manuscript is a manuscript in which the text is supplemented with such decoration as initials, borders (marginalia) and miniature illustrations.
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Impalement (heraldry)
In heraldry, impalement is a form of heraldic combination or marshalling of two coats of arms side by side in one divided heraldic shield or escutcheon to denote a union, most often that of a husband and wife (and in certain cases, same-sex married couples), but also for unions of ecclesiastical, academic/civic and mystical natures.
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Institute of Historical Research
The Institute of Historical Research (IHR) is a British educational organisation providing resources and training for historical researchers.
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International Gothic
International Gothic is a period of Gothic art which began in Burgundy, France, and northern Italy in the late 14th and early 15th century.
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Isabella of France
Isabella of France (1295 – 22 August 1358), sometimes described as the She-Wolf of France, was Queen of England as the wife of Edward II, and regent of England from 1326 until 1330.
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Isabella of Valois
Isabella of France (9 November 1389 – 13 September 1409) was Queen consort of England as the second spouse of King Richard II.
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Jack Straw (rebel leader)
Jack Straw (probably the same person as John Rakestraw or Rackstraw) was one of the three leaders (together with John Ball and Wat Tyler) of the Peasants' Revolt of 1381, a major event in the history of England.
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Jean Froissart
Jean Froissart (Old French, Middle French Jehan, –) was a French-speaking medieval author and court historian from the Low Countries, who wrote several works, including Chronicles and Meliador, a long Arthurian romance, and a large body of poetry, both short lyrical forms, as well as longer narrative poems.
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Joan of Kent
Joan of Kent (29 September 1328 – 7 August 1385), known to history as The Fair Maid of Kent, was the mother of King Richard II of England, whom she bore to her third husband Edward, the Black Prince, son and heir of King Edward III.
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Joan of Valois, Countess of Hainaut
Joan of Valois (c. 1294 – 7 March 1342) was the second eldest daughter of the French prince Charles of Valois and his first wife, Margaret, Countess of Anjou.
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John Ball (priest)
John Ball (c. 1338 – 15 July 1381) was an English Lollard priest who took a prominent part in the Peasants' Revolt of 1381.
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John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset
John Beaufort, 1st Marquess of Somerset and 1st Marquess of Dorset, later only 1st Earl of Somerset, KG (c. 1373 – 16 March 1410) was an English nobleman and politician.
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John Gower
John Gower (c. 1330 – October 1408) was an English poet, a contemporary of William Langland and the Pearl Poet, and a personal friend of Geoffrey Chaucer.
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John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter
John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter KG (c. 1352 – 16 January 1400) also 1st Earl of Huntingdon, was an English nobleman, a half-brother of King Richard II (1377–1399), to whom he remained strongly loyal.
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John Montagu, 3rd Earl of Salisbury
John Montagu, 3rd Earl of Salisbury and 5th and 2nd Baron Montagu, KG (c. 1350 – 7 January 1400) was an English nobleman, one of the few who remained loyal to Richard II after Henry IV became king.
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John of Gaunt
John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, KG (6 March 1340 – 3 February 1399) was an English nobleman, soldier, statesman, and prince, the third of five surviving sons of King Edward III of England.
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John the Baptist
John the Baptist (יוחנן המטביל Yokhanan HaMatbil, Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτιστής, Iōánnēs ho baptistḗs or Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτίζων, Iōánnēs ho baptízōn,Lang, Bernhard (2009) International Review of Biblical Studies Brill Academic Pub p. 380 – "33/34 CE Herod Antipas's marriage to Herodias (and beginning of the ministry of Jesus in a sabbatical year); 35 CE – death of John the Baptist" ⲓⲱⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲡⲓⲡⲣⲟⲇⲣⲟⲙⲟⲥ or ⲓⲱ̅ⲁ ⲡⲓⲣϥϯⲱⲙⲥ, يوحنا المعمدان) was a Jewish itinerant preacherCross, F. L. (ed.) (2005) Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd ed.
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John Trevor (died 1410)
John Trevor (Welsh Ieuan Trefor) (died 10 April 1410), or John Trevaur, was Bishop of St. Asaph in Wales before becoming nominal Bishop of St Andrews in Scotland.
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Jonathan Cape
Jonathan Cape is a London publishing firm founded in 1921 by Herbert Jonathan Cape, who was head of the firm until his death in 1960.
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Justice of Chester
The Justice of Chester was the chief judicial authority for the county palatine of Chester, from the establishment of the county until the abolition of the Great Sessions in Wales and the palatine judicature in 1830.
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Katherine Swynford
Katherine Swynford, Duchess of Lancaster (25 November 1350 – 10 May 1403) (also spelled Katharine or Catherine), was the third wife of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, a son of King Edward III.
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Kenilworth Castle
Kenilworth Castle is located in the town of the same name in Warwickshire, England.
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Kent
Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties.
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King's Langley Priory
King's Langley Priory was a Dominican priory in Kings Langley, Hertfordshire, England.
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Kingdom of Castile
The Kingdom of Castile (Reino de Castilla, Regnum Castellae) was a large and powerful state on the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages.
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Kingdom of England
The Kingdom of England (French: Royaume d'Angleterre; Danish: Kongeriget England; German: Königreich England) was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from the 10th century—when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms—until 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.
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Kingdom of Navarre
The Kingdom of Navarre (Nafarroako Erresuma, Reino de Navarra, Royaume de Navarre, Regnum Navarrae), originally the Kingdom of Pamplona (Iruñeko Erresuma), was a Basque-based kingdom that occupied lands on either side of the western Pyrenees, alongside the Atlantic Ocean between present-day Spain and France.
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Kingdom of Portugal
The Kingdom of Portugal (Regnum Portugalliae, Reino de Portugal) was a monarchy on the Iberian Peninsula and the predecessor of modern Portugal.
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Kingdom of Scotland
The Kingdom of Scotland (Rìoghachd na h-Alba; Kinrick o Scotland) was a sovereign state in northwest Europe traditionally said to have been founded in 843.
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Kings Langley
Kings Langley is a historic village and civil parish in Hertfordshire, England, northwest of central London to the south of the Chiltern Hills and now part of the London commuter belt.
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Law Quarterly Review
The Law Quarterly Review is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering common law throughout the world.
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Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence
Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, KG (29 November 133817 October 1368) was the third son, but the second son to survive infancy, of the English king Edward III and Philippa of Hainault.
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List of Bohemian monarchs
This is a list of Bohemian monarchs now also referred to as list of Czech monarchs who ruled as Dukes and Kings of Bohemia.
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List of English monarchs
This list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of England begins with Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, one of the petty kingdoms to rule a portion of modern England.
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Livery
A livery is a uniform, insignia or symbol adorning, in a non-military context, a person, an object or a vehicle that denotes a relationship between the wearer of the livery and an individual or corporate body.
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Lollardy
Lollardy (Lollardism, Lollard movement) was a pre-Protestant Christian religious movement that existed from the mid-14th century to the English Reformation.
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London
London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.
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Longman
Longman, commonly known as Pearson Longman, is a publishing company founded in London, England, in 1724 and is owned by Pearson PLC.
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Lord Chancellor
The Lord Chancellor, formally the Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, is the highest ranking among those Great Officers of State which are appointed regularly in the United Kingdom, nominally outranking even the Prime Minister.
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Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
The Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales is the head of the judiciary and President of the Courts of England and Wales.
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Lord High Treasurer
The post of Lord High Treasurer or Lord Treasurer was an English government position and has been a British government position since the Acts of Union of 1707.
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Lord Mayor of London
The Lord Mayor of London is the City of London's mayor and leader of the City of London Corporation.
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Lords Appellant
The Lords Appellant were a group of nobles in the reign of King Richard II, who, in 1388, sought to impeach some five of the King's favourites in order to restrain what was seen as tyrannical and capricious rule.
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Lordship of Ireland
The Lordship of Ireland (Tiarnas na hÉireann), sometimes referred to retroactively as Norman Ireland, was a period of feudal rule in Ireland between 1177 and 1542 under the King of England, styled as Lord of Ireland.
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Louis I, Duke of Orléans
Louis I of Orléans (13 March 1372 – 23 November 1407) was Duke of Orléans from 1392 to his death.
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Macmillan Education
Macmillan Education is a publisher of English Language teaching and school curriculum materials.
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Madonna (art)
A Madonna is a representation of Mary, either alone or with her child Jesus.
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Majesty
Majesty (abbreviation HM, oral address Your Majesty) is an English word derived ultimately from the Latin maiestas, meaning greatness, and used as a style by many monarchs, usually kings or sultanss.
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Margaret of France, Queen of England
Margaret of France (c. 1279 – 14 February 1318) was Queen of England as the second wife of King Edward I. She was a daughter of Philip III of France and Maria of Brabant.
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Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell
Margaret Wake, suo jure 3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell and Countess of Kent (c. 1297 – 29 September 1349) was the wife of Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, the youngest surviving son of Edward I of England and Margaret of France.
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Marquess
A marquess (marquis) is a nobleman of hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies.
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Marquess of Dorset
The title Marquess of Dorset has been created three times in the Peerage of England.
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Merciless Parliament
The Merciless Parliament, a term coined by Augustinian chronicler Henry Knighton, refers to the English parliamentary session of February to June 1388, at which many members of Richard II's Court were convicted of treason.
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Methuen Publishing
Methuen Publishing Ltd is an English publishing house.
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Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk
Michael de la Pole, 1st Baron de la Pole, later 1st Earl of Suffolk (c. 1330 – 5 September 1389) was an English financier and Lord Chancellor of England.
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Michael Jones (historian)
Michael Jones (born 5 December 1940) is a British historian.
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Michael Levey
Sir Michael Vincent Levey, LVO (8 June 1927 – 28 December 2008) was an English art historian and was the director of the National Gallery from 1973 to 1986.
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Mile End
Mile End is a district mostly centred around the north-south Mile End Park, it partly includes the locality of Bow Common and is in London, England, east-northeast of Charing Cross.
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Narcissistic personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is a personality disorder with a long-term pattern of abnormal behavior characterized by exaggerated feelings of self-importance, an excessive need for admiration, and a lack of empathy.
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Nicholas Brembre
Sir Nicholas Brembre was a wealthy magnate and a chief ally of King Richard II in 14th-century England.
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Nigel Saul
Nigel Saul (born 1952) is a British academic who was formerly the Head of the Department of History at Royal Holloway, University of London (RHUL).
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Normans in Ireland
The Normans in Ireland, or Hiberno-Normans, were a group of Normans who invaded the various realms of Gaelic Ireland.
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Office of Public Sector Information
The Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) is the body responsible for the operation of Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) and of other public information services of the United Kingdom.
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Office of Works
The Office of Works was established in the English Royal household in 1378 to oversee the building of the royal castles and residences.
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Old St Paul's Cathedral
Old St Paul's Cathedral was the medieval cathedral of the City of London that, until 1666, stood on the site of the present St Paul's Cathedral.
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Oxford Dictionary of English
The Oxford Dictionary of English (ODE) is a single-volume English dictionary published by Oxford University Press, first published in 1998 as The New Oxford Dictionary of English (NODE).
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.
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Palace of Westminster
The Palace of Westminster is the meeting place of the House of Commons and the House of Lords, the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
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Panel painting
A panel painting is a painting made on a flat panel made of wood, either a single piece, or a number of pieces joined together.
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Parliament of England
The Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England, existing from the early 13th century until 1707, when it became the Parliament of Great Britain after the political union of England and Scotland created the Kingdom of Great Britain.
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Peasants' Revolt
The Peasants' Revolt, also called Wat Tyler's Rebellion or the Great Rising, was a major uprising across large parts of England in 1381.
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Personality disorder
Personality disorders (PD) are a class of mental disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating from those accepted by the individual's culture.
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Philippa of Hainault
Philippa of Hainault (Middle French: Philippe de Hainaut; 24 June c.1310/15 – 15 August 1369) was Queen of England as the wife of King Edward III.
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Poll tax
A poll tax, also known as head tax or capitation, is a tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual.
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Pontefract Castle
Pontefract (or, Pomfret) Castle is a castle in the town of Pontefract, in West Yorkshire, England.
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Pope Urban VI
Urban VI (Urbanus VI; c. 1318 – 15 October 1389), born Bartolomeo Prignano, was Pope from 8 April 1378 to his death in 1389.
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Primogeniture
Primogeniture is the right, by law or custom, of the paternally acknowledged, firstborn son to inherit his parent's entire or main estate, in preference to daughters, elder illegitimate sons, younger sons and collateral relatives; in some cases the estate may instead be the inheritance of the firstborn child or occasionally the firstborn daughter.
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Prince of Wales
Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru) was a title granted to princes born in Wales from the 12th century onwards; the term replaced the use of the word king.
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Ravenspurn
Ravenspurn was a town in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, which was lost due to coastal erosion, one of more than 30 along the Holderness Coast which have been lost to the North Sea since the 19th century.
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Regent
A regent (from the Latin regens: ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state because the monarch is a minor, is absent or is incapacitated.
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Retinue
A retinue is a body of persons "retained" in the service of a noble, royal personage, or dignitary, a suite (literal French meaning: what follows) of "retainers".
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Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel
Richard FitzAlan, 5th or 11th Earl of Arundel and 9th Earl of Surrey, KG (1346 – 21 September 1397) was an English medieval nobleman and military commander.
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Richard II (play)
King Richard the Second is a history play by William Shakespeare believed to have been written in approximately 1595.
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River Thames
The River Thames is a river that flows through southern England, most notably through London.
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Robert de Vere, Duke of Ireland
Robert de Vere, Duke of Ireland, Marquess of Dublin, and 9th Earl of Oxford KG (16 January 1362 – 22 November 1392) was a favourite and court companion of King Richard II of England.
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Robert Hales
Sir Robert Hales, also called Robert de Hales, was Lord/Grand Prior of the Knights Hospitallers of England, Lord High Treasurer, and Admiral of the West in medieval England, and was killed in the Peasants Revolt.
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Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany
Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany (c. 1340 – 3 September 1420), a member of the Scottish royal house, served as regent (at least partially) to three different Scottish monarchs (Robert II, Robert III, and James I).
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Robert Tresilian
Robert Tresilian (died 1388) was a Cornish lawyer, and Chief Justice of the King's Bench between 1381 and 1387.
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Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches.
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Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
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Royal Holloway, University of London
Royal Holloway, University of London (RHUL), formally incorporated as Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, is a public research university and a constituent college of the federal University of London.
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Royal prerogative
The royal prerogative is a body of customary authority, privilege, and immunity, recognized in common law and, sometimes, in civil law jurisdictions possessing a monarchy, as belonging to the sovereign and which have become widely vested in the government.
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Samuel Daniel
Samuel Daniel (1562 – 14 October 1619) was an English poet and historian.
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Savoy Palace
The Savoy Palace, considered the grandest nobleman's townhouse of medieval London, was the residence of John of Gaunt until it was destroyed in the Peasants' Revolt of 1381.
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Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to understand reality.
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Scullery maid
In great houses, scullery maids were the lowest-ranked and often the youngest of the female domestic servants and acted as assistant to a kitchen maid.
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Second plague pandemic
The second plague pandemic is a major series of epidemics of the plague that started with the Black Death, which reached mainland Europe in 1348 and killed up to a half of the population of Eurasia in the next four years.
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Serfdom
Serfdom is the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism.
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Simon de Burley
Sir Simon de Burley, KG (ca. 1336 – 1388) was holder of the offices of Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports and Constable of Dover Castle between 1384-88, and was a Knight of the Garter.
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Simon Sudbury
Simon Sudbury (c. 1316-14 June 1381) was Bishop of London from 1361 to 1375, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1375 until his death, and in the last year of his life Lord Chancellor of England.
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Simon Walker (historian)
Simon Walker (24 January 1958 – 26 February 2004) was a historian of late medieval England.
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Smithfield, London
Smithfield is a locality in the ward of Farringdon Without situated at the City of London's northwest in central London, England.
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Stirling Castle
Stirling Castle, located in Stirling, is one of the largest and most important castles in Scotland, both historically and architecturally.
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Style of the British sovereign
The precise style of British sovereigns has varied over the years.
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Succession to the British throne
Succession to the British throne is determined by descent, gender (for people born before October 2011), legitimacy, and religion.
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Taxation in medieval England
Taxation in medieval England was the system of raising money for royal and governmental expenses.
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Temporalities
Temporalities are the secular properties and possessions of the church.
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The 'Wonderful Parliament' (1386)
The Wonderful Parliament was an English Parliamentary session of November 1386 which pressed for reforms of King Richard II's administration.
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The Book of the Duchess
The Book of the Duchess, also known as The Deth of Blaunche, Encyclopædia Britannica, 1910.
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The History Press
The History Press is a British publishing company specialising in the publication of titles devoted to local and specialist history.
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Thomas Arundel
Thomas Arundel (1353 – 19 February 1414) was Archbishop of Canterbury in 1397 and from 1399 until his death, an outspoken opponent of the Lollards.
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Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick
Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick, KG (16 March 1338 – 8 April 1401) was an English medieval nobleman of French descent, and one of the primary opponents of Richard II.
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Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk
Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, 1st Earl of Nottingham, 3rd Earl of Norfolk, 6th Baron Mowbray, 7th Baron Segrave, KG, Earl Marshal (22 March 1366 – 22 September 1399) was an English peer.
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Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey
Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey, 3rd Earl of Kent, 4th Baron Holland, KG, Earl Marshal (1374 – 7 January 1400) was an English nobleman.
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Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent
Thomas Holland, 2nd Baron Holand, and jure uxoris 1st Earl of Kent, KG (c. 1314 – 26 December 1360) was an English nobleman and military commander during the Hundred Years' War.
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Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester
Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester KG (22 September 1373 – 13 January 1400) was the son of Edward le Despenser, 1st Baron le Despencer, whom he succeeded in 1375.
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Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester
Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Buckingham, 1st Earl of Essex, KG (7 January 1355 – 8 or 9 September 1397) was the fourteenth and youngest child of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault.
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Thomas Walsingham
Thomas Walsingham (died c. 1422) was an English chronicler, and is the source of much of the knowledge of the reigns of Richard II, Henry IV and Henry V, and the careers of John Wycliff and Wat Tyler.
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Tournament (medieval)
A tournament, or tourney (from Old French torneiement, tornei) was a chivalrous competition or mock fight in Europe in the Middle Ages and Renaissance (12th to 16th centuries).
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Tower of London
The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in central London.
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Usurper
A usurper is an illegitimate or controversial claimant to power, often but not always in a monarchy.
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Vivian Hunter Galbraith
Vivian Hunter Galbraith, FBA (15 December 1889 – 25 November 1976) was an English historian, fellow of the British Academy and Oxford Regius Professor of Modern History.
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Wars of the Roses
The Wars of the Roses were a series of English civil wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the House of Lancaster, associated with a red rose, and the House of York, whose symbol was a white rose.
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Wat Tyler
Walter "Wat" Tyler (died 15 June 1381) was a leader of the 1381 Peasants' Revolt in England. He marched a group of rebels from Canterbury to the capital to oppose the institution of a poll tax and demand economic and social reforms. While the brief rebellion enjoyed early success, Tyler was killed by officers loyal to King Richard II during negotiations at Smithfield, London.
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Western Schism
The Western Schism, also called Papal Schism, Great Occidental Schism and Schism of 1378, was a split within the Catholic Church lasting from 1378 to 1417 in which two, since 1410 even three, men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope.
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Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, England, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster.
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White Hart
The White Hart ("hart" is an archaic word for a mature white stag) was the personal badge of Richard II, who probably derived it from the arms of his mother, Joan "The Fair Maid of Kent", heiress of Edmund of Woodstock.
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William de Montagu, 2nd Earl of Salisbury
Sir William de Montagu, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, 4th Baron Montagu, King of Mann, KG (25 June 1328 – 3 June 1397) was an English nobleman and commander in the English army during King Edward III's French campaigns in the Hundred Years War.
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William I, Count of Hainaut
William I, Count of Hainaut (– 7 June 1337), was Count William III of Avesnes, Count William III of Holland and Count William II of Zeeland from 1304 to his death.
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William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 (baptised)—23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as both the greatest writer in the English language, and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.
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William Stubbs
William Stubbs (21 June 1825 – 22 April 1901) was an English historian and Anglican bishop.
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William Walworth
Sir William Walworth (died 1385), was twice Lord Mayor of London (1374–75 and 1380–81).
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Wilton Diptych
The Wilton Diptych is a small portable diptych of two hinged panels, painted on both sides, now in the National Gallery, London.
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Yale University Press
Yale University Press is a university press associated with Yale University.
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Yorkshire
Yorkshire (abbreviated Yorks), formally known as the County of York, is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom.
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Redirects here:
Abdication of King Richard II, Abdication of Richard II, King Richard II, King Richard II abdication, King Richard II of England, Parliament of Shrewsbury, Ric. 2, Richard 2, Richard II, Richard II (England), Richard II abdication, Richard II of england, Richard II, King of England, Richard II, King of the English, Richard ii, Richard, Duke of Cornwall.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England
