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412 relations: Abiathar Crescas, Abraham Zacuto, Ad abolendam, Afrancesado, Age of Enlightenment, Akelarre, Al-Andalus, Albigensian Crusade, Alfonso Carrillo de Acuña, Alhambra Decree, Alonso de Salazar Frías, Alumbrados, Amadís de Gaula, Américo Castro, Andalusia, Andalusians, Andrés Laguna, Anti-Catholicism, Antisemitism, Antisemitism in Spain, Antonio Alcalá Galiano, Antonio Puigblanch, Aragon, Aragonese Crusade, Archdeacon, Arnold Mathew, Arturo Pérez-Reverte, Assassin's Creed (film), Assassin's Creed II, Astronomer, Auto-da-fé, Avignon, Ávila, Spain, Écija, Barbarian, Barbary Coast, Barbary pirates, Barcelona, Baroque, Bartolomé de Torres Naharro, Basque witch trials, Benzion Netanyahu, Bernard Gui, Bewitched, Bigamy, Bishop, Black Legend, Black Legend of the Spanish Inquisition, Blasphemy, Canary Islands, ..., Candide, Canon law, Captain Alatriste, Captain from Castile, Carme Riera, Cartagena, Colombia, Castile (historical region), Castile and León, Catalonia, Catharism, Cathedral of the Sea, Catholic Church, Catholic Monarchs, Cayetano Ripoll, Córdoba, Spain, Cecil Roth, Censorship, Charles Gibson (historian), Charles III of Spain, Charles IV of Spain, Charles Maturin, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Child abuse, Child neglect, Christian, Christopher Columbus, Christopher Schmidt-Nowara, Civil Guard (Spain), Codex Justinianus, Colombia, Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Conspiracy, Converso, Cortes Generales, Cortes of Cádiz, Council of Castile, Counter-Reformation, Crown of Castile, Crypto-Judaism, Cuenca, Spain, Dante Alighieri, Darren Aronofsky, Darryl F. Zanuck, David Nirenberg, Death by burning, Defense (legal), Deism, Diego de Valera, Dominican Order, Don Carlos, Don Carlos (play), Don Quixote, Eastern Orthodox Church, Edgar Allan Poe, Edward Peters (scholar), Effigy, El Escorial, Eleno de Céspedes, Encyclopédie, England, Enlightened absolutism, Epistolary novel, Erasmus, Espionage, Expulsion of the Moriscos, Extremadura, False document, Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, Ferdinand II of Aragon, Ferdinand of Aragon, Ferdinand VII of Spain, Ferrand Martinez, First Carlist War, Florentine painting, Forced confession, François Rabelais, France, Franciscans, Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Berdejo, Francisco Franco, Francisco Gómez de Sandoval, 1st Duke of Lerma, Francisco Javier Mier Campillo, Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, Fraud, Freemasonry, French Revolution, Friedrich Schiller, Fuero, Fyodor Dostoevsky, G. G. 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Truman, Hasdai Crescas, Henry Charles Lea, Henry Kamen, Heresy, Hermeticism, Hetalia: Axis Powers, Hispanic America, History of Naples, History of the Jews in Spain, History of the Jews in the Middle Ages, History of the World, Part I, History Today, Holy Child of La Guardia, Homosexuality, House of Trastámara, Human trafficking, Iberian Peninsula, Ildefonso Falcones, Incest, Infante Carlos, Count of Molina, Inquisition, Inquisition of the Netherlands, Investiture Controversy, Irene Silverblatt, Isaac Abarbanel, Isabella I of Castile, Isabella II of Spain, Islam, Jaén, Spain, James I of Aragon, Jan Potocki, Jean Bodin, Jesus, Jewish quarter (diaspora), Jews, Joan of Portugal, John II of Castile, John of Ávila, Jorge de Montemor, José Moñino, 1st Count of Floridablanca, Joseph Bonaparte, Joseph de Maistre, Joseph Pérez, Juan Antonio Llorente, Juan de Mariana, Juan de Mena, Juan de Ribera, Juan de Sanct Martín, Juan de Valdés, Juan del Encina, Judaism, Judaizers, Julián Juderías, Justin Kurzel, Karen Armstrong, Kingdom of Aragon, Kingdom of Castile, Kingdom of Naples, Kraków, La Celestina, Las Palmas, Lazarillo de Tormes, Lima, Limpieza de sangre, List of Argentine films of 1993, Llerena, Badajoz, Logroño, London, Lope de Vega, Low Countries, Lu Ann Homza, Ludovico Ariosto, Ludwig von Pastor, Luis de León, Luis de Santángel, Lutheranism, Madrid, Maghreb, Magneto (comics), Mallorca, Man of La Mancha, Manuel Godoy, María de Bohórquez, Marcos Aguinis, Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies, Marvel 1602, Marvel Comics, Mary I of England, Mary, mother of Jesus, Mass (liturgy), Matthew Lewis (writer), Medieval Inquisition, Medina del Campo, Mel Brooks, Melmoth the Wanderer, Mexican Inquisition, Mexico, Mexico City, Michael Fassbender, Miguel de Cervantes, Miguel Delibes, Miloš Forman, Monarchy of Spain, Montesquieu, Monty Python, Moors, Morisco, Mozarabic Rite, Murcia, Museo del Prado, Mutant (Marvel Comics), Mysticism, Napoleon, National Historical Archive (Spain), National Review, Navarre, New Christian, New Spain, Niccolò Machiavelli, Nicholas Eymerich, Old Castile, Old Christian, Old University of Leuven, Ominous Decade, Ottoman Empire, Ovid, Pablo de Olavide, Palermo, Palma de Mallorca, Papal bull, Paul of Burgos, Pederasty, Pedophilia, Pedro de Arbués, Pedro González de Mendoza, Penguin Books, Persecution of Christians, Persecution of Muslims, Peruvian Inquisition, Peter of Castile, Peter the Aleut, Philip II of Spain, Philip III of Spain, Philip IV of Spain, Philip V of Spain, Philip Wayne Powell, Poland, Polyglot (book), Pope, Pope Gregory IX, Pope Innocent VIII, Pope Lucius III, Pope Paul II, Pope Sixtus IV, Portuguese India, Portuguese Inquisition, Procurement, Prostitution, Protestantism, Province of Guadalajara, Province of Lleida, Quintanar de la Orden, Rabbi, Rack (torture), Rafael Sabatini, Ramon de Vilana Perlas, Rape, Raymond of Penyafort, Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1568–71), Reconquista, Reign of Terror, Religious order, Revolt of the Brotherhoods, Richard Kagan, Roger Corman, Roman Catholic Diocese of Almería, Roman Inquisition, Romanticism, Ronnie Hsia, Sacrament, Samuel Shellabarger, Sanbenito, Santa Hermandad, Santiago de Compostela, Sardinia, Sassari, Scholasticism, Scientist, Secular arm, Segovia, Seville, Sexual violence, Sicily, Sigüenza, Signature forgery, Smuggling, Solomon ibn Verga, Song of Songs, Spain, Spaniards, Spanish Civil War, Spanish Empire, Spanish literature, Spanish Netherlands, Stanley G. Payne, Strappado, Teruel, The Brothers Karamazov, The Fountain, The Journal of Modern History, The Manuscript Found in Saragossa, The Monk, The New York Times, The Pit and the Pendulum, The Prince, The Spanish Inquisition (Monty Python), Theology, Thomas F. Madden, Thomas More, Toby Green, Toledo School of Translators, Toledo, Spain, Tomás de Iriarte y Oropesa, Tomás de Torquemada, Torture, Transubstantiation, Treason, Tribunal, Trienio Liberal, Tyrone Power, Valencia, Valencian Community, Valentin de Foronda, Valladolid, Vatican Secret Archives, Viceroyalty of Peru, Voltaire, War of the Castilian Succession, Warhammer 40,000, Warhammer 40,000: Inquisitor – Martyr, Warren H. Carroll, Waterboarding, William H. Prescott, William Thomas Walsh, Witch trials in the early modern period, Witch-hunt, Witchcraft, Yitzhak Baer, Zaragoza, Zoophilia, Zugarramurdi, 1492: Conquest of Paradise, 16th century. Expand index (362 more) »
Abiathar Crescas
Abiathar Crescas was a 15th-century Jewish physician and astrologer from the Crown of Aragon (now part of Spain).
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Abraham Zacuto
Abraham Zacuto (אברהם זכות, Abraão ben Samuel Zacuto, also Abraham ben Samuel Zacut and Abraham Zacut) (Salamanca, August 12, 1452 – Damascus, probably 1515) was a Portuguese astronomer, astrologer, mathematician, rabbi and historian who served as Royal Astronomer in the 15th century to King John II of Portugal.
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Ad abolendam
Ad abolendam ("On abolition" or "Towards abolishing" from the first line, Ad abolendam diversam haeresium pravitatem, or ‘To abolish diverse malignant heresies’) was a decretal and bull of Pope Lucius III, written at Verona and issued 4 November 1184.
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Afrancesado
Afrancesado ("Francophiles" or "turned-French", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") were the Spanish and Portuguese partisans of Enlightenment ideas, Liberalism, or the French Revolution, who were supporters of the French occupation of Iberia (Portugal and Spain) and of the First French Empire.
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Age of Enlightenment
The Enlightenment (also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason; in lit in Aufklärung, "Enlightenment", in L’Illuminismo, “Enlightenment” and in Spanish: La Ilustración, "Enlightenment") was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, "The Century of Philosophy".
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Akelarre
Akelarre is the Basque term meaning Witches' Sabbath (the place where witches hold their meetings).
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Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus (الأنْدَلُس, trans.; al-Ándalus; al-Ândalus; al-Àndalus; Berber: Andalus), also known as Muslim Spain, Muslim Iberia, or Islamic Iberia, was a medieval Muslim territory and cultural domain occupying at its peak most of what are today Spain and Portugal.
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Albigensian Crusade
The Albigensian Crusade or the Cathar Crusade (1209–1229) was a 20-year military campaign initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, in southern France.
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Alfonso Carrillo de Acuña
Alfonso Carrillo de Acuña (Carrascosa del Campo, 1410 – Alcalá de Henares, 1 July 1482) was a Spanish politician and Roman Catholic archbishop.
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Alhambra Decree
The Alhambra Decree (also known as the Edict of Expulsion; Spanish: Decreto de la Alhambra, Edicto de Granada) was an edict issued on 31 March 1492, by the joint Catholic Monarchs of Spain (Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon) ordering the expulsion of practicing Jews from the Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon and its territories and possessions by 31 July of that year.
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Alonso de Salazar Frías
Alonso de Salazar Frías has been given the epithet "The Witches’ Advocate" for his role in establishing the conviction, within the Spanish Inquisition, that accusations against supposed witches were more often rooted in dreams and fantasy than in reality, and the inquisitorial policy that witch accusations and confessions should only be given credence where there was firm, independent, corroborating evidence.
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Alumbrados
The alumbrados (Illuminated) was a term used to loosely describe practitioners of a mystical form of Christianity in Spain during the 15th-16th centuries.
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Amadís de Gaula
Amadís de Gaula (original Old Spanish and Galician-Portuguese spelling; Amadís de Gaula,; Amadis de Gaula) is a landmark work among the chivalric romances which were in vogue in sixteenth-century Spain, although its first version, much revised before printing, was written at the onset of the 14th century.
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Américo Castro
Américo Castro y Quesada (May 4, 1885 – July 25, 1972) was a Spanish cultural historian, philologist, and literary critic who challenged some of the prevailing notions of Spanish identity, raising controversy with his conclusions that (1) Spaniards didn't become the distinct group they are today until after the Islamic conquest of Hispania of 711, an event that turned them into an Iberian caste coexisting among Moors and Jews; and (2) the history of Spain and Portugal was adversely affected with the success in the eleventh to fifteenth centuries of the "Reconquista" or Christian reconquest of the Iberian peninsula and with the Spanish expulsion of the Jews (1492).
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Andalusia
Andalusia (Andalucía) is an autonomous community in southern Spain.
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Andalusians
The Andalusians (andaluces) are a Spanish ethnic group that live in the southern region in Spain approximated by what is now called Andalusia.
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Andrés Laguna
Andrés Laguna de Segovia (1499–1559) was a Spanish humanist physician, pharmacologist, and botanist.
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Anti-Catholicism
Anti-Catholicism is hostility towards Catholics or opposition to the Catholic Church, its clergy and its adherents.
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Antisemitism
Antisemitism (also spelled anti-Semitism or anti-semitism) is hostility to, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews.
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Antisemitism in Spain
Anti-Semitism in Spain has its roots in Christian anti-Judaism which began with the expansion of Christianity in the Iberian peninsula in times of the Roman Empire and has its first violent manifestation in the brutal persecution of Jews in Visigothic Hispania.
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Antonio Alcalá Galiano
Antonio Alcalá Galiano y Fernández de Villavicencio, (22 July 1789, Cádiz - 11 April 1865, Madrid) was a Spanish politician and writer who served as Minister of the Navy (1836) and Minister of Public Works (1865).
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Antonio Puigblanch
Antoni Puig i Blanch (also known as Antoni Puigblanch) (Mataró, Spain 1775 - Somers Town, London 1840) was a Spanish philologist and politician.
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Aragon
Aragon (or, Spanish and Aragón, Aragó or) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon.
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Aragonese Crusade
The Aragonese Crusade or Crusade of Aragon, a part of the larger War of the Sicilian Vespers, was declared by Pope Martin IV against the King of Aragon, Peter III the Great, in 1284 and 1285.
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Archdeacon
An archdeacon is a senior clergy position in the Syriac Orthodox Church, Church of the East, Chaldean Catholic Church, Anglican Communion, St Thomas Christians, Eastern Orthodox churches and some other Christian denominations, above that of most clergy and below a bishop.
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Arnold Mathew
Arnold Harris Mathew, self-styled of Thomastown (7 August 1852 – 19 December 1919), was the founder and first bishop of the Old Catholic Church in the United Kingdom and a noted author on ecclesiastical subjects.
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Arturo Pérez-Reverte
Arturo Pérez-Reverte Gutiérrez (born 25 November 1951 in Cartagena) is a Spanish novelist and journalist.
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Assassin's Creed (film)
Assassin's Creed is a 2016 American action adventure film based on the video game franchise of the same name.
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Assassin's Creed II
Assassin's Creed II is a 2009 action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft.
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Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who concentrates their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth.
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Auto-da-fé
An auto-da-fé or auto-de-fé (from Portuguese auto da fé, meaning "act of faith") was the ritual of public penance of condemned heretics and apostates that took place when the Spanish Inquisition, Portuguese Inquisition or the Mexican Inquisition had decided their punishment, followed by the execution by the civil authorities of the sentences imposed.
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Avignon
Avignon (Avenio; Provençal: Avignoun, Avinhon) is a commune in south-eastern France in the department of Vaucluse on the left bank of the Rhône river.
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Ávila, Spain
Ávila (Latin: Abula) is a Spanish town located in the autonomous community of Castile and León, and is the capital of the Province of Ávila.
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Écija
Écija is a town belonging to the province of Seville, Spain.
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Barbarian
A barbarian is a human who is perceived to be either uncivilized or primitive.
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Barbary Coast
The Barbary Coast, or Berber Coast, was the term used by Europeans from the 16th until the early 19th century to refer to much of the collective land of the Berber people.
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Barbary pirates
The Barbary pirates, sometimes called Barbary corsairs or Ottoman corsairs, were Ottoman pirates and privateers who operated from North Africa, based primarily in the ports of Salé, Rabat, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli.
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Barcelona
Barcelona is a city in Spain.
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Baroque
The Baroque is a highly ornate and often extravagant style of architecture, art and music that flourished in Europe from the early 17th until the late 18th century.
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Bartolomé de Torres Naharro
Bartolomé de Torres Naharro (c. 1485, Torre de Miguel Sesmero, Extremadura – c. 1530) was a Spanish dramatist and Leonese language writer of Jewish converso descent.
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Basque witch trials
The Basque witch trials of the 17th century represent the only serious attempt at rooting out witchcraft ever undertaken by the Spanish Inquisition, which was generally skeptical of such allegations.
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Benzion Netanyahu
Benzion Netanyahu (בֶּנְצִיּוֹן נְתַנְיָהוּ,; born Benzion Mileikowsky; March 25, 1910 – April 30, 2012)Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2009.
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Bernard Gui
Bernard Gui (1261 or 1262 – 30 December 1331), born Bernard Guidoni, also known as Bernardo Gui or Bernardus Guidonis, was a French inquisitor of the Dominican Order in the Late Middle Ages during the Medieval Inquisition, Bishop of Lodève, and one of the most prolific writers of the Middle Ages.
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Bewitched
Bewitched is an American television sitcom fantasy series, originally broadcast for eight seasons on ABC from September 17, 1964 to March 25, 1972.
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Bigamy
In cultures that practice marital monogamy, bigamy is the act of entering into a marriage with one person while still legally married to another.
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Bishop
A bishop (English derivation from the New Testament of the Christian Bible Greek επίσκοπος, epískopos, "overseer", "guardian") is an ordained, consecrated, or appointed member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight.
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Black Legend
A "black legend" (leyenda negra) is a historiographic phenomenon suffered by either characters, nations or institutions, and characterized by the sustained trend in historical writing of biased reporting, introduction of fabricated, exaggerated and/or decontextualized facts, with the intention of creating a distorted and uniquely inhuman image of it, while hiding from view all its positive contributions to history.
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Black Legend of the Spanish Inquisition
The Black Legend of the Spanish Inquisition is the hypothesis of the existence of a series of myths and fabrications about the Spanish Inquisition used as propaganda against the Spanish Empire in a time of strong military, commercial and political rivalry between European powers, starting in the 16th century.
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Blasphemy
Blasphemy is the act of insulting or showing contempt or lack of reverence to a deity, or sacred things, or toward something considered sacred or inviolable.
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Canary Islands
The Canary Islands (Islas Canarias) is a Spanish archipelago and autonomous community of Spain located in the Atlantic Ocean, west of Morocco at the closest point.
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Candide
Candide, ou l'Optimisme, is a French satire first published in 1759 by Voltaire, a philosopher of the Age of Enlightenment.
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Canon law
Canon law (from Greek kanon, a 'straight measuring rod, ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members.
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Captain Alatriste
Captain Alatriste (El capitán Alatriste, fully titled Las aventuras del capitán Alatriste) is a series of novels by Spanish author Arturo Pérez-Reverte.
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Captain from Castile
Captain from Castile is a historical adventure film released by 20th Century Fox in 1947.
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Carme Riera
Carme Riera Guilera (born 12 January 1948) is a novelist and essayist.
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Cartagena, Colombia
The city of Cartagena, known in the colonial era as Cartagena de Indias (Cartagena de Indias), is a major port founded in 1533, located on the northern coast of Colombia in the Caribbean Coast Region.
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Castile (historical region)
Castile is a vaguely defined historical region of Spain.
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Castile and León
Castile and León (Castilla y León; Leonese: Castiella y Llión; Castela e León) is an autonomous community in north-western Spain.
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Catalonia
Catalonia (Catalunya, Catalonha, Cataluña) is an autonomous community in Spain on the northeastern extremity of the Iberian Peninsula, designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy.
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Catharism
Catharism (from the Greek: καθαροί, katharoi, "the pure ") was a Christian dualist or Gnostic revival movement that thrived in some areas of Southern Europe, particularly northern Italy and what is now southern France, between the 12th and 14th centuries.
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Cathedral of the Sea
Cathedral of the Sea is a historical novel by Spanish author Ildefonso Falcones.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Catholic Monarchs
The Catholic Monarchs is the joint title used in history for Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon.
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Cayetano Ripoll
Cayetano Ripoll (allegedly from Solsona 1778 – Valencia 26 July 1826) was a schoolmaster in Valencia, Spain, who was executed for allegedly teaching deist principles.
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Córdoba, Spain
Córdoba, also called Cordoba or Cordova in English, is a city in Andalusia, southern Spain, and the capital of the province of Córdoba.
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Cecil Roth
Sir Cecil Roth (5 March 1899 – 21 June 1970), was a British Jewish historian.
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Censorship
Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information, on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient" as determined by government authorities.
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Charles Gibson (historian)
Charles Gibson (12 August 1920 - 22 August 1985, Keeseville, N.Y.) was an American ethnohistorian who wrote foundational works on the Nahua peoples of colonial Mexico and was elected President of the American Historical Association in 1977.
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Charles III of Spain
Charles III (Spanish: Carlos; Italian: Carlo; 20 January 1716 – 14 December 1788) was King of Spain and the Spanish Indies (1759–1788), after ruling Naples as Charles VII and Sicily as Charles V (1734–1759), kingdoms he abdicated to his son Ferdinand.
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Charles IV of Spain
Charles IV (Spanish: Carlos Antonio Pascual Francisco Javier Juan Nepomuceno José Januario Serafín Diego; 11 November 1748 – 20 January 1819) was King of Spain from 14 December 1788, until his abdication on 19 March 1808.
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Charles Maturin
Charles Robert Maturin, also known as C. R. Maturin (25 September 1782 – 30 October 1824), was an Irish Protestant clergyman (ordained in the Church of Ireland) and a writer of Gothic plays and novels.
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Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V (Carlos; Karl; Carlo; Karel; Carolus; 24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506.
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Child abuse
Child abuse or child maltreatment is physical, sexual, or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child or children, especially by a parent or other caregiver.
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Child neglect
Child neglect is a form of child abuse, and is a deficit in meeting a child's basic needs, including the failure to provide adequate health care, supervision, clothing, nutrition, housing as well as their physical, emotional, social, educational and safety needs.
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Christian
A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
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Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus (before 31 October 145120 May 1506) was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonizer.
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Christopher Schmidt-Nowara
Christopher Schmidt-Nowara (born 1966, died 27 June 2015, Paris) was a historian and professor at Tufts University, where he held the Prince of Asturias endowed chair.
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Civil Guard (Spain)
The Civil Guard (Guardia Civil) is the oldest law enforcement agency in Spain.
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Codex Justinianus
The Codex Justinianus (Latin for "The Code of Justinian") is one part of the Corpus Juris Civilis, the codification of Roman law ordered early in the 6th century AD by Justinian I, who was an Eastern Roman (Byzantine) emperor in Constantinople.
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Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a sovereign state largely situated in the northwest of South America, with territories in Central America.
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Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei; CDF) is the oldest among the nine congregations of the Roman Curia.
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Conspiracy
A conspiracy is a secret agreement by people to commit something wrong or illegal.
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Converso
A converso (feminine form conversa), "a convert", (from Latin, "converted, turned around") was a Jew who converted to Roman Catholicism in Spain or Portugal, particularly during the 14th and 15th centuries, or one of their descendants.
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Cortes Generales
The Cortes Generales (General Courts) are the bicameral legislature of the Kingdom of Spain, consisting of two chambers: the Congress of Deputies (the lower house) and the Senate (the upper house).
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Cortes of Cádiz
The Cádiz Cortes was the first national assembly to claim sovereignty in Spain.
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Council of Castile
The Council of Castile (Real y Supremo Consejo de Castilla), known earlier as the Royal Council (Consejo Real), was a ruling body and key part of the domestic government of the Crown of Castile, second only to the monarch himself.
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Counter-Reformation
The Counter-Reformation, also called the Catholic Reformation or the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation, beginning with the Council of Trent (1545–1563) and ending at the close of the Thirty Years' War (1648).
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Crown of Castile
The Crown of Castile was a medieval state in the Iberian Peninsula that formed in 1230 as a result of the third and definitive union of the crowns and, some decades later, the parliaments of the kingdoms of Castile and León upon the accession of the then Castilian king, Ferdinand III, to the vacant Leonese throne. It continued to exist as a separate entity after the personal union in 1469 of the crowns of Castile and Aragon with the marriage of the Catholic Monarchs up to the promulgation of the Nueva Planta decrees by Philip V in 1715. The Indies, Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea were also a part of the Crown of Castile when transformed from lordships to kingdoms of the heirs of Castile in 1506, with the Treaty of Villafáfila, and upon the death of Ferdinand the Catholic. The title of "King of Castile" remained in use by the Habsburg rulers during the 16th and 17th centuries. Charles I was King of Aragon, Majorca, Valencia, and Sicily, and Count of Barcelona, Roussillon and Cerdagne, as well as King of Castile and León, 1516–1556. In the early 18th century, Philip of Bourbon won the War of the Spanish Succession and imposed unification policies over the Crown of Aragon, supporters of their enemies. This unified the Crown of Aragon and the Crown of Castile into the kingdom of Spain. Even though the Nueva Planta decrees did not formally abolish the Crown of Castile, the country of (Castile and Aragon) was called "Spain" by both contemporaries and historians. "King of Castile" also remains part of the full title of Felipe VI of Spain, the current King of Spain according to the Spanish constitution of 1978, in the sense of titles, not of states.
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Crypto-Judaism
Crypto-Judaism is the secret adherence to Judaism while publicly professing to be of another faith; practitioners are referred to as "crypto-Jews" (origin from Greek kryptos – κρυπτός, 'hidden').
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Cuenca, Spain
Cuenca is a city in the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha in central Spain.
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Dante Alighieri
Durante degli Alighieri, commonly known as Dante Alighieri or simply Dante (c. 1265 – 1321), was a major Italian poet of the Late Middle Ages.
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Darren Aronofsky
Darren Aronofsky (born February 12, 1969) is an American filmmaker and writer, who is noted for his often surreal and disturbing films.
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Darryl F. Zanuck
Darryl Francis Zanuck (September 5, 1902December 22, 1979) was an American film producer and studio executive; he earlier contributed stories for films starting in the silent era.
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David Nirenberg
David Nirenberg, an American historian, is Executive Vice Provost, Dean of the Divinity School, and Deborah R. and Edgar D. Jannotta Distinguished Service Professor of Medieval History and Committee on Social Thought at the University of Chicago, as well as the former Dean of the Social Sciences Division at the University and the founding Roman Family Director of the Neubauer Family Collegium for Culture and Society.
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Death by burning
Deliberately causing death through the effects of combustion, or effects of exposure to extreme heat, has a long history as a form of capital punishment.
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Defense (legal)
In civil proceedings and criminal prosecutions under the common law, a defendant may raise a defense (or defence) in an attempt to avoid criminal or civil liability.
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Deism
Deism (or; derived from Latin "deus" meaning "god") is a philosophical belief that posits that God exists and is ultimately responsible for the creation of the universe, but does not interfere directly with the created world.
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Diego de Valera
Diego de Valera (1412–1488) was a Spanish writer and historian who wrote one of the first known books on fencing, Treatise on Arms.
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Dominican Order
The Order of Preachers (Ordo Praedicatorum, postnominal abbreviation OP), also known as the Dominican Order, is a mendicant Catholic religious order founded by the Spanish priest Dominic of Caleruega in France, approved by Pope Honorius III via the Papal bull Religiosam vitam on 22 December 1216.
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Don Carlos
Don Carlos is a five-act grand opera composed by Giuseppe Verdi to a French-language libretto by Joseph Méry and Camille du Locle, based on the dramatic play Don Carlos, Infant von Spanien (Don Carlos, Infante of Spain) by Friedrich Schiller.
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Don Carlos (play)
Don Carlos (German: Don Karlos, Infant von SpanienSchiller replaced the Portuguese spelling "Dom" with the Spanish "Don" in 1801, after Christoph Martin Wieland had made him aware of the difference.) is a (historical) tragedy in five acts by Friedrich Schiller; it was written between 1783 and 1787 and first produced in Hamburg in 1787.
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Don Quixote
The Ingenious Nobleman Sir Quixote of La Mancha (El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha), or just Don Quixote (Oxford English Dictionary, ""), is a Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes.
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Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.
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Edgar Allan Poe
Edgar Allan Poe (born Edgar Poe; January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American writer, editor, and literary critic.
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Edward Peters (scholar)
Edward Peters is an emeritus professor of University of Pennsylvania who specialized in the religious and political history of early Europe.
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Effigy
An effigy is a representation of a specific person in the form of sculpture or some other three-dimensional medium.
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El Escorial
The Royal Site of San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Monasterio y Sitio de El Escorial en Madrid), commonly known as El Escorial, is a historical residence of the King of Spain, in the town of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, about northwest of the capital, Madrid, in Spain.
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Eleno de Céspedes
Eleno de Céspedes, also known as Elena de Céspedes was a Spanish surgeon in the 16th century.
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Encyclopédie
Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers (English: Encyclopedia, or a Systematic Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts, and Crafts), better known as Encyclopédie, was a general encyclopedia published in France between 1751 and 1772, with later supplements, revised editions, and translations.
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England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
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Enlightened absolutism
Enlightened absolutism refers to the conduct and policies of European absolute monarchs during the 18th and 19th centuries who were influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment.
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Epistolary novel
An epistolary novel is a novel written as a series of documents.
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Erasmus
Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (28 October 1466Gleason, John B. "The Birth Dates of John Colet and Erasmus of Rotterdam: Fresh Documentary Evidence," Renaissance Quarterly, The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Renaissance Society of America, Vol. 32, No. 1 (Spring, 1979), pp. 73–76; – 12 July 1536), known as Erasmus or Erasmus of Rotterdam,Erasmus was his baptismal name, given after St. Erasmus of Formiae.
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Espionage
Espionage or spying, is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information without the permission of the holder of the information.
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Expulsion of the Moriscos
The Expulsion of the Moriscos (Expulsión de los moriscos, Expulsió dels moriscos) was decreed by King Philip III of Spain on April 9, 1609.
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Extremadura
Extremadura (is an autonomous community of western Iberian Peninsula whose capital city is Mérida, recognised by the State of Autonomy of Extremadura. It is made up of the two largest provinces of Spain: Cáceres and Badajoz. It is bordered by the provinces of Salamanca and Ávila (Castile and León) to the north; by provinces of Toledo and Ciudad Real (Castile–La Mancha) to the east, and by the provinces of Huelva, Seville, and Córdoba (Andalusia) to the south; and by Portugal to the west. Its official language is Spanish. It is an important area for wildlife, particularly with the major reserve at Monfragüe, which was designated a National Park in 2007, and the International Tagus River Natural Park (Parque Natural Tajo Internacional). The government of Extremadura is called. The Day of Extremadura is celebrated on 8 September. It coincides with the Catholic festivity of Our Lady of Guadalupe.
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False document
A false document is often promoted in conjunction with a criminal enterprise, such as fraud or a confidence game.
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Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
Ferdinand I (12 January 1751 – 4 January 1825), was the King of the Two Sicilies from 1816, after his restoration following victory in the Napoleonic Wars.
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Ferdinand II of Aragon
Ferdinand II (Ferrando, Ferran, Errando, Fernando) (10 March 1452 – 23 January 1516), called the Catholic, was King of Sicily from 1468 and King of Aragon from 1479 until his death.
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Ferdinand of Aragon
Ferdinand of Aragon may refer to.
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Ferdinand VII of Spain
Ferdinand VII (Fernando; 14 October 1784 – 29 September 1833) was twice King of Spain: in 1808 and again from 1813 to his death.
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Ferrand Martinez
Ferrand Martinez (fl. 14th century) was a Spanish cleric and archdeacon of Écija most noted for being an antisemitic agitator whom historians cite as the prime mover behind the series of pogroms against the Spanish Jews in 1391 beginning in the city of Seville.
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First Carlist War
The First Carlist War was a civil war in Spain from 1833 to 1840, fought between factions over the succession to the throne and the nature of the Spanish monarchy.
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Florentine painting
Florentine painting or the Florentine School refers to artists in, from, or influenced by the naturalistic style developed in Florence in the 14th century, largely through the efforts of Giotto di Bondone, and in the 15th century the leading school of Western painting.
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Forced confession
A forced confession is a confession obtained by a suspect or a prisoner under means of torture (including enhanced interrogation techniques) or other forms of duress.
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François Rabelais
François Rabelais (between 1483 and 1494 – 9 April 1553) was a French Renaissance writer, physician, Renaissance humanist, monk and Greek scholar.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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Franciscans
The Franciscans are a group of related mendicant religious orders within the Catholic Church, founded in 1209 by Saint Francis of Assisi.
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Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Berdejo
Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Berdejo (March 10, 1787 – February 7, 1862) was a Spanish statesman and dramatist and the first prime minister of Spain.
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Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco Bahamonde (4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a military dictator from 1939, after the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War, until his death in 1975.
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Francisco Gómez de Sandoval, 1st Duke of Lerma
Don Francisco Gómez de Sandoval, 1st Duke of Lerma (1552/1553 – 17 May 1625), a favourite of Philip III of Spain, was the first of the validos ('most worthy') through whom the later Hapsburg monarchs ruled.
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Francisco Javier Mier Campillo
Francisco Javier Mier Campillo (1748–1818) was a Spanish bishop who was Grand Inquisitor of Spain from 1814 to 1818.
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Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros
Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, O.F.M. (1436 – 8 November 1517), known as Ximenes de Cisneros in his own lifetime, and commonly referred to today as simply Cisneros, was a Spanish cardinal, religious figure, and statesman.
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Fraud
In law, fraud is deliberate deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain, or to deprive a victim of a legal right.
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Freemasonry
Freemasonry or Masonry consists of fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local fraternities of stonemasons, which from the end of the fourteenth century regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients.
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French Revolution
The French Revolution (Révolution française) was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies that lasted from 1789 until 1799.
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Friedrich Schiller
Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (10 November 17599 May 1805) was a German poet, philosopher, physician, historian, and playwright.
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Fuero
Fuero, Fur, Foro or Foru is a Spanish legal term and concept.
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Fyodor Dostoevsky
Fyodor Mikhailovich DostoevskyHis name has been variously transcribed into English, his first name sometimes being rendered as Theodore or Fedor.
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G. G. Coulton
George Gordon Coulton FBA (15 October 1858 – 4 March 1947) was a British historian, known for numerous works on medieval history.
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Galicia (Spain)
Galicia (Galician: Galicia, Galiza; Galicia; Galiza) is an autonomous community of Spain and historic nationality under Spanish law.
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Galley
A galley is a type of ship that is propelled mainly by rowing.
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Garrote
A garrote or garrote vil (a Spanish word; alternative spellings include garotte and garrotte including "garrot" and "G-knot"Oxford English Dictionary, 11th Ed: garrotte is normal British English spelling, with single r alternate. Article title is US English spelling variant.) is a weapon, most often referring to a handheld ligature of chain, rope, scarf, wire or fishing line used to strangle a person.
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Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos
Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos (born Gaspar Melchor de Jove y Llanos, 5 January 1744 – 27 November 1811) was a Spanish neoclassical statesman, author, philosopher and a major figure of the Age of Enlightenment in Spain.
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Gedaliah ibn Yahya ben Joseph
Gedaliah (Eanes/Ben Yohanan) ibn Yahya ben Joseph (c. 1515 – c. 1587) (גדליה בן יוסף אבן יחייא) was a talmudist born at Imola, Italy.
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Genaro García
Genaro García (born September 17, 1977, Chihuahua, Mexico, died June 21, 2013) was a professional boxer in the super flyweight and bantamweight divisions from 1994 to 2013, holding the World Boxing Council Fecombox regional bantamweight title from 2003 to 2007.
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Gerónimo de Santa Fe
Jerónimo de Santa Fe (fl. 1400–1430; born Yehosúa ben Yosef ibn Vives) was a Spanish physician and religious writer who after conversion to Catholicism, wrote in Latin as Hieronymus de Sancta Fide (Jerome of the Holy Faith).
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Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (24 February 1463 – 17 November 1494) was an Italian Renaissance nobleman and philosopher.
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Giuseppe Verdi
Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi (9 or 10 October 1813 – 27 January 1901) was an Italian opera composer.
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Goa Inquisition
The Goa Inquisition was a colonial era Portuguese institution established by the Roman Catholic Holy Office between the 16th- and 19th-century to stop and punish heresy against Christianity in South Asia.
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Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba
Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, or simply Gonzalo de Córdoba (1 September 1453 – 2 December 1515), Duke of Terranova and Santangelo, Andria, Montalto and Sessa, was a Spanish general who fought in the Conquest of Granada and the Italian Wars.
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Gothic fiction
Gothic fiction, which is largely known by the subgenre of Gothic horror, is a genre or mode of literature and film that combines fiction and horror, death, and at times romance.
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Goya's Ghosts
Goya's Ghosts is a 2006 Spanish-American film, directed by Miloš Forman (his final directorial feature before his death in 2018), and written by him and Jean-Claude Carrière.
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Granada
Granada is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain.
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Grand Inquisitor
Grand Inquisitor (Inquisitor Generalis, literally Inquisitor General or General Inquisitor) was the lead official of the Inquisition.
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Guicciardini
Guicciardini is an Italian family name.
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Gustav Bergenroth
Gustav Adolf Bergenroth (26 February 1813, Oletzko, East Prussia – 13 February 1869, Madrid) was a German historian.
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Haim Beinart
Haim Beinart (1917-2010) was an Israeli historian and academic administrator.
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Harry S. Truman
Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was an American statesman who served as the 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953), taking office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
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Hasdai Crescas
Hasdai ben Abraham Crescas (חסדאי קרשקש; c. 1340, Barcelona – 1410/11, Zaragoza) was a Spanish-Jewish philosopher and a renowned halakhist (teacher of Jewish law).
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Henry Charles Lea
Henry Charles Lea (September 19, 1825 – October 24, 1909) was an American historian, civic reformer, and political activist.
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Henry Kamen
Henry A. Kamen (born 1936 in Rangoon) is a British historian, who has published extensively on Europe, Spain, and the Spanish Empire.
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Heresy
Heresy is any belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs, in particular the accepted beliefs of a church or religious organization.
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Hermeticism
Hermeticism, also called Hermetism, is a religious, philosophical, and esoteric tradition based primarily upon writings attributed to Hermes Trismegistus ("Thrice Great").
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Hetalia: Axis Powers
is a Japanese webcomic, later adapted as a manga and an anime series, by Hidekaz Himaruya.
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Hispanic America
Hispanic America (Spanish: Hispanoamérica, or América hispana), also known as Spanish America (Spanish: América española), is the region comprising the Spanish-speaking nations in the Americas.
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History of Naples
The history of Naples is long and varied.
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History of the Jews in Spain
Spanish Jews once constituted one of the largest and most prosperous Jewish communities in the world.
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History of the Jews in the Middle Ages
Jewish history in the Middle Ages covers the period from the 5th to the 15th century.
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History of the World, Part I
History of the World, Part I is a 1981 American anthology comedy film written, produced, and directed by Mel Brooks.
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History Today
History Today is an illustrated history magazine.
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Holy Child of La Guardia
The Holy Child of La Guardia (El Santo Niño de La Guardia) was the subject of a medieval blood libel in the town of La Guardia in the central Spanish province of Toledo (Castile–La Mancha).
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Homosexuality
Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender.
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House of Trastámara
The House of Trastámara was a dynasty of kings in Spain, which first governed in Castile beginning in 1369 before expanding its rule into Aragon, Navarre and Naples.
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Human trafficking
Human trafficking is the trade of humans for the purpose of forced labour, sexual slavery, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others.
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Iberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula, also known as Iberia, is located in the southwest corner of Europe.
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Ildefonso Falcones
Ildefonso Falcones de Sierra (born 1958) is a Spanish lawyer and writer from Barcelona.
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Incest
Incest is sexual activity between family members or close relatives.
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Infante Carlos, Count of Molina
Infante Carlos of Spain (29 March 178810 March 1855) was an Infante of Spain and the second surviving son of King Charles IV of Spain and of his wife, Maria Luisa of Parma.
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Inquisition
The Inquisition was a group of institutions within the government system of the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat public heresy committed by baptized Christians.
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Inquisition of the Netherlands
The Inquisition of the Netherlands was an extension of the Spanish Inquisition in the Spanish Netherlands, established during the reign of Charles V. Because the idea of an Inquisition was uncongenial to the Flemish temperament, the process of introduction was a slow and gradual one from the onset.
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Investiture Controversy
The Investiture controversy or Investiture contest was a conflict between church and state in medieval Europe over the ability to appoint local church officials through investiture.
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Irene Silverblatt
Irene Silverblatt is a professor of cultural anthropology at Duke University.
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Isaac Abarbanel
Isaac ben Judah Abarbanel (Hebrew: יצחק בן יהודה אברבנאל;‎ 1437–1508), commonly referred to as Abarbanel (אַבַּרבְּנְאֵל), also spelled Abravanel, Avravanel or Abrabanel, was a Portuguese Jewish statesman, philosopher, Bible commentator, and financier.
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Isabella I of Castile
Isabella I (Isabel, 22 April 1451 – 26 November 1504) reigned as Queen of Castile from 1474 until her death.
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Isabella II of Spain
Isabella II (Isabel; 10 October 1830 – 9 April 1904) was Queen of Spain from 1833 until 1868.
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Islam
IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).
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Jaén, Spain
Jaén is a city in south-central Spain.
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James I of Aragon
James I the Conqueror (Jaume el Conqueridor, Chaime lo Conqueridor, Jacme lo Conquistaire, Jaime el Conquistador; 2 February 1208 – 27 July 1276) was King of Aragon, Count of Barcelona, and Lord of Montpellier from 1213 to 1276; King of Majorca from 1231 to 1276; and Valencia from 1238 to 1276.
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Jan Potocki
Count Jan Potocki (8 March 1761 – 23 December 1815) was a Polish nobleman, Polish Army Captain of Engineers, ethnologist, Egyptologist, linguist, traveler, adventurer, and popular author of the Enlightenment period, whose life and exploits made him a legendary figure in his homeland.
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Jean Bodin
Jean Bodin (1530–1596) was a French jurist and political philosopher, member of the Parlement of Paris and professor of law in Toulouse.
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Jesus
Jesus, also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth and Jesus Christ, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader.
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Jewish quarter (diaspora)
In the Jewish diaspora, a Jewish quarter (also known as jewry, juiverie, Judengasse, Jewynstreet, or proto-ghetto) is the area of a city traditionally inhabited by Jews.
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Jews
Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.
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Joan of Portugal
Joana of Portugal (Joan; 20 March 1439 – 12 December 1475)Charles Cawley, Medieval Lands, Portugal was Queen consort of Castile as the second wife of King Henry IV of Castile and a Portuguese infanta, the posthumous daughter of King Edward of Portugal and his wife Eleanor of Aragon.
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John II of Castile
John II of Castile (Juan; 6 March 1405 – 20 July 1454) was King of Castile and León from 1406 to 1454.
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John of Ávila
John of Ávila (Juan de Ávila; 6 January 1499– 10 May 1569) was a Spanish priest, preacher, scholastic author, and religious mystic, who has been declared a saint and Doctor of the Church by the Catholic Church.
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Jorge de Montemor
Jorge de Montemor (Jorge de Montemayor) (1520? – 26 February 1561) was a Portuguese novelist and poet, who wrote almost exclusively in Spanish.
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José Moñino, 1st Count of Floridablanca
José Moñino y Redondo (es: José Moñino y Redondo, conde de Floridablanca) (October 21, 1728 – December 30, 1808) was a Spanish statesman.
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Joseph Bonaparte
Joseph-Napoléon Bonaparte, born Giuseppe Buonaparte (7 January 1768 – 28 July 1844) was a French diplomat and nobleman, the elder brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, who made him King of Naples and Sicily (1806–1808, as Giuseppe I), and later King of Spain (1808–1813, as José I).
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Joseph de Maistre
Joseph-Marie, Comte de Maistre (1 April 1753 – 26 February 1821) was a French-speaking Savoyard philosopher, writer, lawyer, and diplomat, who advocated social hierarchy and monarchy in the period immediately following the French Revolution.
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Joseph Pérez
Joseph Pérez (born January 14, 1931) is a French historian specializing in Spanish history.
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Juan Antonio Llorente
Juan Antonio Llorente (March 30, 1756 in Rincón de Soto (La Rioja), Spain – February 5, 1823 in Madrid) was a Spanish historian.
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Juan de Mariana
Juan de Mariana, also known as Father Mariana (25 September 1536 – 17 February 1624), was a Spanish Jesuit priest, Scholastic, historian, and member of the Monarchomachs.
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Juan de Mena
Juan de Mena (1411–1456) was one of the most significant Spanish poets of the fifteenth century.
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Juan de Ribera
Saint Juan de Ribera (Seville, Spain, 20 March 1532 – Valencia, 6 January 1611), was one of the most influential figures of his times, holding appointments as Archbishop and Viceroy of Valencia, patriarch of Antioch, Commander in Chief, president of the Audiencia, and Chancellor of the University of Valencia.
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Juan de Sanct Martín
Juan de Sanct Martín, also known as Juan de San Martín, was a Spanish conquistador.
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Juan de Valdés
Juan de Valdés (c.1490 – August 1541) was a Spanish religious writer and Protestant reformer.
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Juan del Encina
Juan del Enzina – the spelling he used – or Juan del Encina – modern Spanish spelling – (born July 12, 1468 – died late 1529 or early 1530)Slonimsky, Nicolas, ed.
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Judaism
Judaism (originally from Hebrew, Yehudah, "Judah"; via Latin and Greek) is the religion of the Jewish people.
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Judaizers
Judaizers is a term for Christians who decide to adopt Jewish customs and practices such as, primarily, the Law of Moses.
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Julián Juderías
Julián Juderías y Loyot (September 16, 1877 – June 19, 1918) was a Spanish historian, sociologist, literary critic, journalist, translator and interpreter.
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Justin Kurzel
Justin Dallas Kurzel (born 3 August 1974) is an Australian film director and screenwriter.
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Karen Armstrong
Karen Armstrong, (born 14 November 1944) is a British author and commentator of Irish Catholic descent known for her books on comparative religion.
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Kingdom of Aragon
The Kingdom of Aragon (Reino d'Aragón, Regne d'Aragó, Regnum Aragonum, Reino de Aragón) was a medieval and early modern kingdom on the Iberian Peninsula, corresponding to the modern-day autonomous community of Aragon, in Spain.
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Kingdom of Castile
The Kingdom of Castile (Reino de Castilla, Regnum Castellae) was a large and powerful state on the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages.
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Kingdom of Naples
The Kingdom of Naples (Regnum Neapolitanum; Reino de Nápoles; Regno di Napoli) comprised that part of the Italian Peninsula south of the Papal States between 1282 and 1816.
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Kraków
Kraków, also spelled Cracow or Krakow, is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.
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La Celestina
The Comedy of Calisto and Melibea (Comedia de Calisto y Melibea.), known in Spain as La Celestina is a work entirely in dialogue published in 1499.
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Las Palmas
Las Palmas, officially Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, is a city and capital of Gran Canaria island, in the Canary Islands, on the Atlantic Ocean.
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Lazarillo de Tormes
The Life of Lazarillo de Tormes and of His Fortunes and Adversities (La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes y de sus fortunas y adversidades) is a Spanish novella, published anonymously because of its anticlerical content.
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Lima
Lima (Quechua:, Aymara) is the capital and the largest city of Peru.
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Limpieza de sangre
Limpieza de sangre, limpeza de sangue or neteja de sang, literally "cleanliness of blood" and meaning "blood purity", played an important role in the modern history of the Iberian Peninsula.
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List of Argentine films of 1993
A list of films produced in Argentina in 1993.
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Llerena, Badajoz
Llerena is a municipality located in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain.
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Logroño
Logroño is a city in northern Spain, on the Ebro River.
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London
London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.
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Lope de Vega
Lope Félix de Vega y Carpio (25 November 156227 August 1635) was a Spanish playwright, poet, novelist and marine.
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Low Countries
The Low Countries or, in the geographic sense of the term, the Netherlands (de Lage Landen or de Nederlanden, les Pays Bas) is a coastal region in northwestern Europe, consisting especially of the Netherlands and Belgium, and the low-lying delta of the Rhine, Meuse, Scheldt, and Ems rivers where much of the land is at or below sea level.
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Lu Ann Homza
Lu Ann Homza is an American historian and scholar of the intellectual history of medieval and early modern Europe.
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Ludovico Ariosto
Ludovico Ariosto (8 September 1474 – 6 July 1533) was an Italian poet.
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Ludwig von Pastor
Ludwig Pastor, later Ludwig von Pastor, Freiherr von Campersfelden (31 January 1854 – 30 September 1928), was a German historian and a diplomat for Austria.
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Luis de León
Luis de León, O.E.S.A. (Belmonte, Cuenca, 1527 – Madrigal de las Altas Torres, Castile, Spain, 23 August 1591), was a Spanish lyric poet, Augustinian friar, theologian and academic, active during the Spanish Golden Age.
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Luis de Santángel
Luis de Santángel (died 1498) was a baptized Jew and finance minister to Ferdinand II who persuaded Isabella I to support Christopher Columbus' voyage in 1492.
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Lutheranism
Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestant Christianity which identifies with the theology of Martin Luther (1483–1546), a German friar, ecclesiastical reformer and theologian.
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Madrid
Madrid is the capital of Spain and the largest municipality in both the Community of Madrid and Spain as a whole.
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Maghreb
The Maghreb (al-Maɣréb lit.), also known as the Berber world, Barbary, Berbery, and Northwest Africa, is a major region of North Africa that consists primarily of the countries Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya and Mauritania.
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Magneto (comics)
Magneto is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, commonly in association with the X-Men.
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Mallorca
Mallorca, or Majorca, is the largest island in the Balearic Islands, which are part of Spain and located in the Mediterranean.
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Man of La Mancha
Man of La Mancha is a 1965 musical with a book by Dale Wasserman, lyrics by Joe Darion, and music by Mitch Leigh.
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Manuel Godoy
Manuel Godoy y Álvarez de Faria, Prince of the Peace (May 12, 1767October 4, 1851) was Prime Minister of Spain from 1792 to 1797 and from 1801 to 1808.
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María de Bohórquez
María de Bohórquez (Sevilla, 1539 – Sevilla, 1559), was a Spanish Protestant.
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Marcos Aguinis
Marcos Aguinis (born 13 January 1935) is an Argentine writer that has received several prestigious international awards.
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Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
Princess Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies (Maria Cristina Ferdinanda di Borbone, Principessa delle Due Sicilie, María Cristina de Borbón, Princesa de las Dos Sicilias; 27 April 1806 – 22 August 1878) was queen consort of Spain (1829 to 1833) and Regent of Spain (1833 to 1840).
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Marvel 1602
Marvel 1602 is a limited series eight-issue comic book published in 2003 by Marvel Comics.
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Marvel Comics
Marvel Comics is the common name and primary imprint of Marvel Worldwide Inc., formerly Marvel Publishing, Inc. and Marvel Comics Group, a publisher of American comic books and related media.
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Mary I of England
Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558) was the Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death.
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Mary, mother of Jesus
Mary was a 1st-century BC Galilean Jewish woman of Nazareth, and the mother of Jesus, according to the New Testament and the Quran.
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Mass (liturgy)
Mass is a term used to describe the main eucharistic liturgical service in many forms of Western Christianity.
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Matthew Lewis (writer)
Matthew Gregory Lewis (9 July 1775 – 14 or 16 May 1818) was an English novelist and dramatist, often referred to as "Monk" Lewis, because of the success of his 1796 Gothic novel, The Monk.
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Medieval Inquisition
The Medieval Inquisition was a series of Inquisitions (Catholic Church bodies charged with suppressing heresy) from around 1184, including the Episcopal Inquisition (1184–1230s) and later the Papal Inquisition (1230s).
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Medina del Campo
Medina del Campo is a town located in the province of Valladolid, Castile and León autonomous region, 45 km from Valladolid.
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Mel Brooks
Mel Brooks (born Melvin Kaminsky; June 28, 1926) is an American actor, writer, producer, director, comedian, and composer.
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Melmoth the Wanderer
Melmoth the Wanderer is an 1820 Gothic novel by Irish playwright, novelist and clergyman Charles Maturin.
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Mexican Inquisition
The Mexican Inquisition was an extension of the Spanish Inquisition to New Spain.
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Mexico
Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.
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Mexico City
Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Ciudad de México,; abbreviated as CDMX), is the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America.
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Michael Fassbender
Michael Fassbender (born 2 April 1977) is a German-born Irish actor.
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Miguel de Cervantes
Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (29 September 1547 (assumed)23 April 1616 NS) was a Spanish writer who is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelists.
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Miguel Delibes
Miguel Delibes Setién MML (17 October 1920 – 12 March 2010) was a Spanish novelist, journalist and newspaper editor associated with the Generation of '36 movement.
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Miloš Forman
Jan Tomáš "Miloš" Forman (18 February 1932 – 13 April 2018) was a Czech American film director, screenwriter, actor and professor who, until 1968, lived and worked primarily in the former Czechoslovakia.
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Monarchy of Spain
The monarchy of Spain (Monarquía de España), constitutionally referred to as the Crown (La Corona), is a constitutional institution and historic office of Spain.
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Montesquieu
Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu (18 January 1689 – 10 February 1755), generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French judge, man of letters, and political philosopher.
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Monty Python
Monty Python (also collectively known as The Pythons) were a British surreal comedy group who created their sketch comedy show Monty Python's Flying Circus, which first aired on the BBC in 1969.
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Moors
The term "Moors" refers primarily to the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, and Malta during the Middle Ages.
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Morisco
Moriscos (mouriscos,; meaning "Moorish") were former Muslims who converted or were coerced into converting to Christianity, after Spain finally outlawed the open practice of Islam by its sizeable Muslim population (termed mudéjar) in the early 16th century.
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Mozarabic Rite
The Mozarabic Rite, also called the Visigothic Rite or the Hispanic Rite, is a continuing form of Christian worship within the Latin Church, also adopted by the Western Rite liturgical family of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
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Murcia
Murcia is a city in south-eastern Spain, the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia, and the seventh largest city in the country, with a population of 442,573 inhabitants in 2009 (about one third of the total population of the Region).
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Museo del Prado
The Prado Museum is the main Spanish national art museum, located in central Madrid.
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Mutant (Marvel Comics)
In American comic books published by Marvel Comics, a mutant is a being (usually otherwise human) who possesses a genetic trait called an X-gene that allows the mutant to naturally develop superhuman powers and abilities.
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Mysticism
Mysticism is the practice of religious ecstasies (religious experiences during alternate states of consciousness), together with whatever ideologies, ethics, rites, myths, legends, and magic may be related to them.
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Napoleon
Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.
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National Historical Archive (Spain)
The National Historical Archive of Spain is based in Serrano Street in Madrid.
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National Review
National Review (NR) is an American semi-monthly conservative editorial magazine focusing on news and commentary pieces on political, social, and cultural affairs.
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Navarre
Navarre (Navarra, Nafarroa; Navarra), officially the Chartered Community of Navarre (Spanish: Comunidad Foral de Navarra; Basque: Nafarroako Foru Komunitatea), is an autonomous community and province in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Autonomous Community, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and Nouvelle-Aquitaine in France.
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New Christian
New Christian (cristiano nuevo; cristão-novo; cristià nou) was a law-effective and social category developed from the 15th century onwards, and used in what is today Spain and Portugal as well as their New World colonies, to refer to Sephardi Jews and Muslims ("Moors") who had converted to the Catholic Church, often by force or coercion.
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New Spain
The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de la Nueva España) was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain during the Spanish colonization of the Americas.
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Niccolò Machiavelli
Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (3 May 1469 – 21 June 1527) was an Italian diplomat, politician, historian, philosopher, humanist, and writer of the Renaissance period.
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Nicholas Eymerich
Nicholas Eymerich (Nicolau Eimeric) (Girona, c. 1316 – Girona, 4 January 1399) was a Roman Catholic theologian in Medieval Spain and Inquisitor General of the Inquisition in the Crown of Aragon in the later half of the 14th century.
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Old Castile
Old Castile (Castilla la Vieja) is a historic region of Spain, which included territory that later corresponded to the provinces of Santander (now Cantabria), Burgos, Logroño (now La Rioja), Soria, Segovia, Ávila, Valladolid and Palencia.
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Old Christian
Old Christian (cristiano viejo, cristão-velho, cristià vell) was a social and law-effective category used in the Iberian Peninsula from the late 15th and early 16th century onwards, to distinguish Portuguese and Spanish people attested as having cleanliness of blood from the populations categorized as New Christian, mainly persons of partial or full Jewish descent who converted to Christianity, and their descendants.
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Old University of Leuven
The Old University of Leuven (or of Louvain) is the name historians give to the university, or studium generale, founded in Leuven, Brabant (then part of the Burgundian Netherlands, now part of Belgium), in 1425.
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Ominous Decade
The Ominous Decade (Castilian: Década Ominosa) is a traditional term for the last ten years of the reign of King Ferdinand VII of Spain, dating from the abolition of the Spanish Constitution of 1812, on 1 October 1823, to his death on 29 September 1833.
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Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.
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Ovid
Publius Ovidius Naso (20 March 43 BC – 17/18 AD), known as Ovid in the English-speaking world, was a Roman poet who lived during the reign of Augustus.
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Pablo de Olavide
Pablo de Olavide y Jáuregui (Lima, Viceroyalty of Peru, 1725 January 25 – Baeza, Spain, 1803, February 25) was a Spanish politician, lawyer and writer.
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Palermo
Palermo (Sicilian: Palermu, Panormus, from Πάνορμος, Panormos) is a city of Southern Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Metropolitan City of Palermo.
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Palma de Mallorca
Palma de Mallorca, frequently used name for the city of Palma, is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain.
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Papal bull
A papal bull is a type of public decree, letters patent, or charter issued by a pope of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Paul of Burgos
Paul of Burgos (Burgos, 1351 – 29 August 1435) was a Spanish Jew who converted to Christianity, and became an archbishop, lord chancellor, and exegete.
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Pederasty
Pederasty or paederasty is a (usually erotic) homosexual relationship between an adult male and a pubescent or adolescent male.
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Pedophilia
Pedophilia, or paedophilia, is a psychiatric disorder in which an adult or older adolescent experiences a primary or exclusive sexual attraction to prepubescent children.
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Pedro de Arbués
Saint Pedro de Arbués (c. 1441 – 17 September 1485) was a Spanish Roman Catholic priest and a professed canons regular.
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Pedro González de Mendoza
Pedro González de Mendoza (May 3, 1428 – January 11, 1495) was a Spanish cardinal and statesman who served as Archbishop of Toledo (1482–1495), Archbishop of Sevilla (1474–1482), Bishop of Sigüenza (1467–1474), and Bishop of Calahorra y La Calzada (1453–1467).
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Penguin Books
Penguin Books is a British publishing house.
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Persecution of Christians
The persecution of Christians can be historically traced from the first century of the Christian era to the present day.
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Persecution of Muslims
Persecution of Muslims is the religious persecution inflicted upon followers of Islamic faith.
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Peruvian Inquisition
The Peruvian Inquisition was established on January 9, 1570 and ended in 1820.
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Peter of Castile
Peter (Pedro; 30 August 133423 March 1369), called the Cruel (el Cruel) or the Just (el Justo), was the king of Castile and León from 1350 to 1369.
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Peter the Aleut
Cungagnaq (Chukagnak; date of birth unknown - d. 1815) is venerated as a martyr and saint (as Peter the Aleut; Potr Aleút) by some jurisdictions of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
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Philip II of Spain
Philip II (Felipe II; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598), called "the Prudent" (el Prudente), was King of Spain (1556–98), King of Portugal (1581–98, as Philip I, Filipe I), King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and jure uxoris King of England and Ireland (during his marriage to Queen Mary I from 1554–58).
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Philip III of Spain
Philip III (Felipe; 14 April 1578 – 31 March 1621) was King of Spain.
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Philip IV of Spain
Philip IV of Spain (Felipe IV; 8 April 1605 – 17 September 1665) was King of Spain (as Philip IV in Castille and Philip III in Aragon) and Portugal as Philip III (Filipe III).
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Philip V of Spain
Philip V (Felipe V, Philippe, Filippo; 19 December 1683 – 9 July 1746) was King of Spain from 1 November 1700 to his abdication in favour of his son Louis on 15 January 1724, and from his reascendancy of the throne upon his son's death on 6 September 1724 to his own death on 9 July 1746.
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Philip Wayne Powell
Philip Wayne Powell (1913-1987) was an American historian specializing in the Spanish colonial history of the American Southwest.
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Poland
Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.
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Polyglot (book)
A polyglot is a book that contains side-by-side versions of the same text in several different languages.
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Pope
The pope (papa from πάππας pappas, a child's word for "father"), also known as the supreme pontiff (from Latin pontifex maximus "greatest priest"), is the Bishop of Rome and therefore ex officio the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church.
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Pope Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX Gregorius IX (born Ugolino di Conti; c. 1145 or before 1170 – 22 August 1241), was Pope from 19 March 1227 to his death in 1241.
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Pope Innocent VIII
Pope Innocent VIII (Innocentius VIII; 1432 – 25 July 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo (or Cibo), was Pope from 29 August 1484 to his death in 1492.
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Pope Lucius III
Pope Lucius III (c. 1100 – 25 November 1185), born Ubaldo Allucingoli, reigned from 1 September 1181 to his death in 1185.
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Pope Paul II
Pope Paul II (Paulus II; 23 February 1417 – 26 July 1471), born Pietro Barbo, was Pope from 30 August 1464 to his death in 1471.
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Pope Sixtus IV
Pope Sixtus IV (21 July 1414 – 12 August 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 9 August 1471 to his death in 1484.
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Portuguese India
The State of India (Estado da Índia), also referred as the Portuguese State of India (Estado Português da Índia, EPI) or simply Portuguese India (Índia Portuguesa), was a state of the Portuguese Overseas Empire, founded six years after the discovery of a sea route between Portugal and the Indian Subcontinent to serve as the governing body of a string of Portuguese fortresses and colonies overseas.
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Portuguese Inquisition
The Portuguese Inquisition (Portuguese: Inquisição Portuguesa) was formally established in Portugal in 1536 at the request of its king, John III.
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Procurement
Procurement is the process of finding, agreeing terms and acquiring goods, services or works from an external source, often via a tendering or competitive bidding process.
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Prostitution
Prostitution is the business or practice of engaging in sexual activity in exchange for payment.
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Protestantism
Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.
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Province of Guadalajara
Guadalajara (from Arabic وادي الحجارة wādi al-ħajāra, "streambed/valley of stones") is a province of central/north-central Spain, in the northern part of the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha.
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Province of Lleida
Monastery of Santa Maria de Bellpuig de les Avellanes. The Province of Lleida (Lérida; Lhèida) is one of the four provinces of Catalonia.
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Quintanar de la Orden
Quintanar de la Orden is a municipality located in the Mancha Alta de Toledo comarca, province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain.
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Rabbi
In Judaism, a rabbi is a teacher of Torah.
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Rack (torture)
The rack is a torture device consisting of a rectangular, usually wooden frame, slightly raised from the ground, with a roller at one or both ends.
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Rafael Sabatini
Rafael Sabatini (29 April 1875 – 13 February 1950) was an Italian-English writer of romance and adventure novels.
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Ramon de Vilana Perlas
Ramon Frederic de Vilana-Perlas (Oliana, Urgell, Spain 1663 - Vienna, Austria, June 5, 1741) was a notable Spanish nobleman of Catalan descent who became a man of the utmost confidence of the Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor during the War of the Spanish Succession and the following years, working in favor of the Spanish exiles in the court of Vienna.
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Rape
Rape is a type of sexual assault usually involving sexual intercourse or other forms of sexual penetration carried out against a person without that person's consent.
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Raymond of Penyafort
Raymond of Penyafort, O.P., (ca. 1175 – 6 January 1275) (Sant Ramon de Penyafort,; San Raimundo de Peñafort) was a Spanish Dominican friar in the 13th century, who compiled the Decretals of Gregory IX, a collection of canon laws that remained a major part of Church law until the 20th century.
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Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1568–71)
The rebellion of the Alpujarras of 1568–71, sometimes called the War of the Alpujarras or the Morisco Revolt, was the second such revolt against the Castilian Crown in the mountainous Alpujarra region.
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Reconquista
The Reconquista (Spanish and Portuguese for the "reconquest") is a name used to describe the period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula of about 780 years between the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711 and the fall of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada to the expanding Christian kingdoms in 1492.
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Reign of Terror
The Reign of Terror, or The Terror (la Terreur), is the label given by some historians to a period during the French Revolution after the First French Republic was established.
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Religious order
A religious order is a lineage of communities and organizations of people who live in some way set apart from society in accordance with their specific religious devotion, usually characterized by the principles of its founder's religious practice.
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Revolt of the Brotherhoods
The Revolt of the Brotherhoods (Revolta de les Germanies, Rebelión de las Germanías) was a revolt by artisan guilds (Germanies) against the government of King Charles V in the Kingdom of Valencia, part of the Crown of Aragon.
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Richard Kagan
Richard L. Kagan is a historian specialized in modern history.
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Roger Corman
Roger William Corman (born April 5, 1926) is an American director, producer, and actor.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Almería
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Almería (Dioecesis Almeriensis) is a diocese located in the city of Almería in the Ecclesiastical province of Granada in Spain.
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Roman Inquisition
The Roman Inquisition, formally the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition, was a system of tribunals developed by the Holy See of the Roman Catholic Church, during the second half of the 16th century, responsible for prosecuting individuals accused of a wide array of crimes relating to religious doctrine or alternate religious doctrine or alternate religious beliefs.
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Romanticism
Romanticism (also known as the Romantic era) was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850.
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Ronnie Hsia
Ronnie Po-Chia Hsia (born 1955) is an American historian and the Edwin Erle Sparks Professor at Pennsylvania State University, where he teaches history and religious studies.
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Sacrament
A sacrament is a Christian rite recognized as of particular importance and significance.
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Samuel Shellabarger
Samuel Shellabarger (1888–1954) was an American educator and author of both scholarly works and best-selling historical novels.
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Sanbenito
Sanbenito (Spanish: sambenito; at the Diccionario de la Real Academia Española.Swimming the Christian Atlantic: Judeoconversos, Afroiberians and Amerindians in the Seventeenth Century, Jonathan Schorsch, BRILL, 2009, Catalan: gramalleta, sambenet) was a penitential garment that was used especially during the Spanish Inquisition.
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Santa Hermandad
Santa Hermandad ("holy brotherhood") was a type of military peacekeeping association of armed individuals, which became characteristic of municipal life in medieval Spain, especially in Castile.
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Santiago de Compostela
Santiago de Compostela is the capital of the autonomous community of Galicia, in northwestern Spain.
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Sardinia
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Sassari
Sassari (Sassari; Tàtari) is an Italian city and the second-largest of Sardinia in terms of population with 127,525 inhabitants, and a Functional Urban Area of about 222,000 inhabitants.
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Scholasticism
Scholasticism is a method of critical thought which dominated teaching by the academics ("scholastics", or "schoolmen") of medieval universities in Europe from about 1100 to 1700, and a program of employing that method in articulating and defending dogma in an increasingly pluralistic context.
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Scientist
A scientist is a person engaging in a systematic activity to acquire knowledge that describes and predicts the natural world.
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Secular arm
Secular arm, in ecclesiastical law, refers to the legal authority of the civil power, the State, or any lay authority, invoked by the Church to punish offenders in cases properly belonging to the jurisdiction of the Church.
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Segovia
Segovia is a city in the autonomous region of Castile and León, Spain.
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Seville
Seville (Sevilla) is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville, Spain.
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Sexual violence
Sexual violence is any sexual act or attempt to obtain a sexual act by violence or coercion, acts to traffic a person or acts directed against a person's sexuality, regardless of the relationship to the victim.
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Sicily
Sicily (Sicilia; Sicìlia) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Sigüenza
Sigüenza is a city in the Serranía de Guadalajara comarca, Province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain.
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Signature forgery
Signature forgery refers to the act of falsely replicating the signature of another person.
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Smuggling
Smuggling is the illegal transportation of objects, substances, information or people, such as out of a house or buildings, into a prison, or across an international border, in violation of applicable laws or other regulations.
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Solomon ibn Verga
Solomon ibn Verga (or Salomón ben Verga, c. 1460 – 1554) (שלמה אבן וירגה) was a Spanish historian and physician, and author of the Shevet Yehudah (Hebrew: - "Scepter of Judah").
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Song of Songs
The Song of Songs, also Song of Solomon or Canticles (Hebrew:, Šîr HašŠîrîm, Greek: ᾎσμα ᾎσμάτων, asma asmaton, both meaning Song of Songs), is one of the megillot (scrolls) found in the last section of the Tanakh, known as the Ketuvim (or "Writings"), and a book of the Old Testament.
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Spain
Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.
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Spaniards
Spaniards are a Latin European ethnic group and nation.
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Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española),Also known as The Crusade (La Cruzada) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War (Cuarta Guerra Carlista) among Carlists, and The Rebellion (La Rebelión) or Uprising (Sublevación) among Republicans.
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Spanish Empire
The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español; Imperium Hispanicum), historically known as the Hispanic Monarchy (Monarquía Hispánica) and as the Catholic Monarchy (Monarquía Católica) was one of the largest empires in history.
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Spanish literature
Spanish literature generally refers to literature (Spanish poetry, prose, and drama) written in the Spanish language within the territory that presently constitutes the state of Spain.
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Spanish Netherlands
Spanish Netherlands (Países Bajos Españoles; Spaanse Nederlanden; Pays-Bas espagnols, Spanische Niederlande) was the collective name of States of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries, held in personal union by the Spanish Crown (also called Habsburg Spain) from 1556 to 1714.
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Stanley G. Payne
Stanley George Payne (born September 9, 1934 in Denton, Texas) is an American historian of modern Spain and European Fascism at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
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Strappado
The strappado, also known as corda, is a form of torture wherein the victim's hands are tied behind his or her back and suspended by a rope attached to the wrists, typically resulting in dislocated shoulders.
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Teruel
Teruel is a city in Aragon, located in eastern Spain, and is also the capital of Teruel Province.
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The Brothers Karamazov
The Brothers Karamazov (Бра́тья Карама́зовы, Brat'ya Karamazovy), also translated as The Karamazov Brothers, is the final novel by the Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky.
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The Fountain
The Fountain is a 2006 American epic magical realism romantic drama film that blends elements of fantasy, history, spirituality, and science fiction.
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The Journal of Modern History
The Journal of Modern History is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering European intellectual, political, and cultural history, published by the University of Chicago Press in cooperation with the Modern European History Section of the American Historical Association.
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The Manuscript Found in Saragossa
The Manuscript Found in Saragossa (also known in English as The Saragossa Manuscript) is a frame-tale novel written in French at the turn of 18th and 19th century by Polish author Count Jan Potocki (1761–1815).
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The Monk
The Monk: A Romance is a Gothic novel by Matthew Gregory Lewis, published in 1796.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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The Pit and the Pendulum
"The Pit and the Pendulum" is a short story written by Edgar Allan Poe and first published in 1842 in the literary annual The Gift: A Christmas and New Year's Present for 1843.
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The Prince
The Prince (Il Principe) is a 16th-century political treatise by the Italian diplomat and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli.
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The Spanish Inquisition (Monty Python)
"The Spanish Inquisition" is a series of sketches in Monty Python's Flying Circus, Series 2 Episode 2, first broadcast 22 September 1970, parodying the real-life Spanish Inquisition.
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Theology
Theology is the critical study of the nature of the divine.
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Thomas F. Madden
Thomas F. Madden (born 1960) is an American historian, a former Chair of the History Department at Saint Louis University in St. Louis, Missouri, and Director of Saint Louis University's Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies.
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Thomas More
Sir Thomas More (7 February 14786 July 1535), venerated in the Catholic Church as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist.
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Toby Green
Toby Green is Senior Lecturer in Lusophone African History and Culture at King’s College London.
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Toledo School of Translators
The Toledo School of Translators (Escuela de Traductores de Toledo) is the group of scholars who worked together in the city of Toledo during the 12th and 13th centuries, to translate many of the philosophical and scientific works from Classical Arabic.
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Toledo, Spain
Toledo is a city and municipality located in central Spain; it is the capital of the province of Toledo and the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha.
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Tomás de Iriarte y Oropesa
Tomás de Iriarte (or Yriarte) y Oropesa (Puerto de la Cruz, La Orotava, island of Tenerife, 18 September 1750 — Madrid, 17 September 1791), was a Spanish neoclassical poet.
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Tomás de Torquemada
Tomás de Torquemada (1420 – September 16, 1498) was a Castilian Dominican friar and first Grand Inquisitor in Spain's movement to homogenize religious practices with those of the Catholic Church in the late 15th century, otherwise known as the Spanish Inquisition.
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Torture
Torture (from the Latin tortus, "twisted") is the act of deliberately inflicting physical or psychological pain in order to fulfill some desire of the torturer or compel some action from the victim.
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Transubstantiation
Transubstantiation (Latin: transsubstantiatio; Greek: μετουσίωσις metousiosis) is, according to the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church, the change of substance or essence by which the bread and wine offered in the sacrifice of the sacrament of the Eucharist during the Mass, become, in reality, the body and blood of Jesus Christ.
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Treason
In law, treason is the crime that covers some of the more extreme acts against one's nation or sovereign.
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Tribunal
A tribunal, generally, is any person or institution with authority to judge, adjudicate on, or determine claims or disputes—whether or not it is called a tribunal in its title.
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Trienio Liberal
The Trienio Liberal ("Liberal Triennium") is a period of 3 years in the modern history of Spain between 1820 and 1823, when a liberal government ruled Spain after a military uprising in January 1820 by the lieutenant-colonel Rafael de Riego against the absolutist rule of King Ferdinand VII.
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Tyrone Power
Tyrone Edmund Power III (May 5, 1914 – November 15, 1958) was an American film, stage and radio actor.
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Valencia
Valencia, officially València, on the east coast of Spain, is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third-largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre.
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Valencian Community
The Valencian Community, or the Valencian Country, is an autonomous community of Spain.
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Valentin de Foronda
Valentin de Foronda y González de Echávarri, (Vitoria, 14 February 1751 – 24 December 1821), was Spanish General Consul in Philadelphia from 1801 to 1807 and Spanish Plenipotentiary Minister in the U.S.A. from 1807 to 1809—tense times because of American ships' lack of discipline in trading with Cuba and the U.S.A.'s support for Francisco de Miranda who led an attempted revolution for Venezuelan independence from Spain.
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Valladolid
Valladolid is a city in Spain and the de facto capital of the autonomous community of Castile and León.
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Vatican Secret Archives
The Vatican Secret Archives (Archivum Secretum Apostolicum Vaticanum; Archivio Segreto Vaticano) is the central repository in the Vatican City for all of the acts promulgated by the Holy See.
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Viceroyalty of Peru
The Viceroyalty of Peru (Virreinato del Perú) was a Spanish colonial administrative district, created in 1542, that originally contained most of Spanish-ruled South America, governed from the capital of Lima.
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Voltaire
François-Marie Arouet (21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), known by his nom de plume Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on Christianity as a whole, especially the established Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of speech and separation of church and state.
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War of the Castilian Succession
The War of the Castilian Succession, more accurately referred to as "Second War of Castilian Succession" or simply "War of Henry IV's Succession" to avoid confussion with other Castilian succession wars, was the military conflict contested from 1475 to 1479 for the succession of the Crown of Castile fought between the supporters of Joanna 'la Beltraneja', reputed daughter of the late monarch Henry IV of Castile, and those of Henry's half-sister, Isabella, who was ultimately successful.
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Warhammer 40,000
Warhammer 40,000 (informally known as Warhammer 40K, WH40K or simply 40K) is a tabletop miniature wargame produced by Games Workshop, set in a dystopian science fantasy universe.
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Warhammer 40,000: Inquisitor – Martyr
Warhammer 40,000: Inquisitor – Martyr is an action role-playing video game developed by NeocoreGames, first announced in 2015.
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Warren H. Carroll
Warren H. Carroll (March 24, 1932 – July 17, 2011) was a leading Roman Catholic historian, author, and the founder of Christendom College.
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Waterboarding
Waterboarding is a form of water torture in which water is poured over a cloth covering the face and breathing passages of an immobilized captive, causing the individual to experience the sensation of drowning.
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William H. Prescott
William Hickling Prescott (May 4, 1796 – January 28, 1859) was an American historian and Hispanist, who is widely recognized by historiographers to have been the first American scientific historian.
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William Thomas Walsh
William Thomas Walsh (September 11, 1891 – February 22, 1949), born in Waterbury, Connecticut, was an historian, educator and author; he was also an accomplished violinist.
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Witch trials in the early modern period
The period of witch trials in Early Modern Europe were a widespread moral panic suggesting that malevolent Satanic witches were operating as an organized threat to Christendom during the 16th to 18th centuries.
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Witch-hunt
A witch-hunt or witch purge is a search for people labelled "witches" or evidence of witchcraft, often involving moral panic or mass hysteria.
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Witchcraft
Witchcraft or witchery broadly means the practice of and belief in magical skills and abilities exercised by solitary practitioners and groups.
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Yitzhak Baer
Yitzhak Baer (יצחק בער; 20 December 1888 – 22 January 1980) was German-Israeli historian and an expert in medieval Spanish Jewish history.
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Zaragoza
Zaragoza, also called Saragossa in English, is the capital city of the Zaragoza province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain.
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Zoophilia
Zoophilia is a paraphilia involving a sexual fixation on non-human animals.
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Zugarramurdi
Zugarramurdi is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre in northern Spain.
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1492: Conquest of Paradise
1492: Conquest of Paradise (in French, 1492: Christophe Colomb) is a 1992 English-language French-Spanish epic historical drama film directed by Ridley Scott and written by Roselyne Bosch, which tells the fictionalized story of the travels to the New World by the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus (Gérard Depardieu) and the effect this had on the indigenous peoples of the Americas.
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16th century
The 16th century begins with the Julian year 1501 and ends with either the Julian or the Gregorian year 1600 (depending on the reckoning used; the Gregorian calendar introduced a lapse of 10 days in October 1582).
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition
