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Ankylosaurus

Index Ankylosaurus

Ankylosaurus is a genus of armored dinosaur. [1]

204 relations: A Greek–English Lexicon, Albian, American Museum of Natural History, Amphisbaenia, Anatomical terms of location, Ancient Greek, Ankylosauria, Ankylosauridae, Ankylosaurinae, Ankylosis, Anodontosaurus, Archetype, Articular processes, Barnum Brown, Beak, Bone, Bone remodeling, Browsing (herbivory), Campanian, Canadian Museum of Nature, Cenomanian, Ceratopsidae, Cervical vertebrae, Charles Mortram Sternberg, Charles R. Knight, Cladogram, Collagen, Convergent evolution, Coracoid, Crane (bird), Cretaceous, Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, Crichtonpelta, Crocodilia, Crown (tooth), Cycad, Dental alveolus, Denticle (tooth feature), Dinosaur, Dyoplosaurus, Ecological niche, Ecosystem engineer, Edmontonia, Edmontosaurus, Elephant, Endotherm, Enthesis, Euoplocephalus, Family (biology), Femur, ..., Fern, Ferris Formation, Fiber, Floodplain, Flowering plant, Foramen, Fossil, Fossil collecting, Fossorial, Franz Nopcsa von Felső-Szilvás, Frenchman Formation, Genus, Geological formation, Geological period, Georg Haas (paleontologist), Gland, Glyptodon, Hadrosaurid, Hell Creek Formation, Henry Fairfield Osborn, Herbivore, Hindgut fermentation, Humerus, Hungarians, Hypsilophodont, Intraspecific competition, Jugal bone, Kenneth Carpenter, Lance Formation, Large intestine, Larynx, Late Cretaceous, Ligament, Lineage (evolution), Maastrichtian, Mandible, Manus (anatomy), Matrix (geology), Maxilla, Metatarsal bones, Moment of inertia, Monsoon, Montana, Moose, Mucous membrane of nose, Mudstone, Museum of the Rockies, Nasal concha, Nasal septum, Niche differentiation, Nodocephalosaurus, Nodosauridae, Occlusion (dentistry), Olfaction, Olfactory bulb, Omnivore, Ontogeny, Orbit (anatomy), Order (biology), Ornithischia, Ornithomimus, Ossification, Osteoderm, Oxford University Press, Pachycephalosauria, Pachycephalosaurus, Palaeoscincus, Paleontology, Palpebral (bone), Paranasal sinuses, Pelvis, Philip J. Currie, Phylogenetic diversity, Phylogenetics, Pinacosaurus, Pinophyta, Polacanthinae, Polacanthus, Polymorphism (biology), Polyphyodont, Popular culture, Posterior nasal apertures, Powder River (Wyoming and Montana), Predentary, Prehensility, Premaxilla, Proboscis, Pyramid, Quadrupedalism, Red Deer River, Rib cage, Rocky Mountains, Rostral scale, Rudolph F. Zallinger, Saichania, Saiga antelope, Salamander, Samuel Wendell Williston, Sandstone, Scale (anatomy), Scapula, Scolecophidia, Scollard Formation, Scolosaurus, Sediment, Sharpey's fibres, Shrub, Sinemurian, Species description, Squamosal bone, Stegopelta, Stegosauria, Stegosaurus, Stereopsis, Struthiomimus, Subfamily, Subtropics, Suture (anatomy), Swan, Talarurus, Taphonomy, Tarchia, Temperate climate, Tendon, Teresa Maryańska, Tetrapod, The Age of Reptiles, The Quarterly Review of Biology, Thermoregulation, Theropoda, Thescelosaurus, Thyreophora, Timeline of ankylosaur research, Torosaurus, Tribe (biology), Triceratops, Troodon, Tropical cyclone, Tsagantegia, Tuber, Turonian, Type (biology), Type species, Tyrannosaurus, Vertebra, Victoria Arbour, Vocal resonation, Western Interior Seaway, Wildfire, Woody plant, Zaraapelta, Zhejiangosaurus, Ziapelta, 1964 New York World's Fair. Expand index (154 more) »

A Greek–English Lexicon

A Greek–English Lexicon, often referred to as Liddell & Scott, Liddell–Scott–Jones, or LSJ, is a standard lexicographical work of the Ancient Greek language.

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Albian

The Albian is both an age of the geologic timescale and a stage in the stratigraphic column.

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American Museum of Natural History

The American Museum of Natural History (abbreviated as AMNH), located on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City, is one of the largest museums in the world.

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Amphisbaenia

Amphisbaenia (called amphisbaenians or worm lizards) is a group of usually legless squamates, comprising over 180 extant species.

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Anatomical terms of location

Standard anatomical terms of location deal unambiguously with the anatomy of animals, including humans.

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Ancient Greek

The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.

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Ankylosauria

Ankylosauria is a group of mainly herbivorous dinosaurs of the order Ornithischia.

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Ankylosauridae

Ankylosauridae are a family of the armored dinosaurs within Ankylosauria, and sister group to Nodosauridae.

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Ankylosaurinae

Ankylosaurinae is a subfamily of ankylosaurid dinosaurs, existing from the Early Cretaceous about 105 million years ago until the end of the Late Cretaceous, about 66 mya.

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Ankylosis

Ankylosis or anchylosis (from Greek ἀγκύλος, bent, crooked) is a stiffness of a joint due to abnormal adhesion and rigidity of the bones of the joint, which may be the result of injury or disease.

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Anodontosaurus

Anodontosaurus is an extinct genus of ankylosaurid dinosaurs within the subfamily Ankylosaurinae.

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Archetype

The concept of an archetype appears in areas relating to behavior, modern psychological theory, and literary analysis.

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Articular processes

The articular processes or zygapophyses (Greek ζυγον.

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Barnum Brown

Barnum Brown (February 12, 1873 – February 5, 1963), commonly referred to as Mr.

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Beak

The beak, bill, or rostrum is an external anatomical structure of birds that is used for eating and for preening, manipulating objects, killing prey, fighting, probing for food, courtship and feeding young.

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Bone

A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton.

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Bone remodeling

Bone remodeling (or bone metabolism) is a lifelong process where mature bone tissue is removed from the skeleton (a process called bone resorption) and new bone tissue is formed (a process called ossification or new bone formation).

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Browsing (herbivory)

Browsing is a type of herbivory in which a herbivore (or, more narrowly defined, a folivore) feeds on leaves, soft shoots, or fruits of high-growing, generally woody, plants such as shrubs.

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Campanian

The Campanian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch (or, in chronostratigraphy: the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous series).

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Canadian Museum of Nature

The Canadian Museum of Nature (Musée canadien de la nature), formerly called the National Museum of Natural Sciences, official website.

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Cenomanian

The Cenomanian is, in the ICS' geological timescale the oldest or earliest age of the Late Cretaceous epoch or the lowest stage of the Upper Cretaceous series.

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Ceratopsidae

Ceratopsidae (sometimes spelled Ceratopidae) is a family of marginocephalian dinosaurs including Triceratops, Centrosaurus, and Styracosaurus.

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Cervical vertebrae

In vertebrates, cervical vertebrae (singular: vertebra) are the vertebrae of the neck, immediately below the skull.

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Charles Mortram Sternberg

Charles Mortram Sternberg (1885–1981) was an American-Canadian fossil collector and paleontologist, son of Charles Hazelius Sternberg.

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Charles R. Knight

Charles Robert Knight (October 21, 1874 – April 15, 1953) was an American artist best known for his paintings of dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals.

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Cladogram

A cladogram (from Greek clados "branch" and gramma "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms.

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Collagen

Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular space in the various connective tissues in animal bodies.

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Convergent evolution

Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages.

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Coracoid

A coracoid is a paired bone which is part of the shoulder assembly in all vertebrates except therian mammals (therians.

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Crane (bird)

Cranes are a family, Gruidae, of large, long-legged and long-necked birds in the group Gruiformes.

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Cretaceous

The Cretaceous is a geologic period and system that spans 79 million years from the end of the Jurassic Period million years ago (mya) to the beginning of the Paleogene Period mya.

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Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event

The Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event, also known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary (K–T) extinction, was a sudden mass extinction of some three-quarters of the plant and animal species on Earth, approximately 66 million years ago.

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Crichtonpelta

Crichtonpelta is a genus of extinct herbivorous ankylosaurid dinosaur from the Cretaceous of China.

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Crocodilia

Crocodilia (or Crocodylia) is an order of mostly large, predatory, semiaquatic archosaurian reptiles, known as crocodilians.

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Crown (tooth)

In dentistry, crown refers to the anatomical area of teeth, usually covered by enamel.

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Cycad

Cycads are seed plants with a long fossil history that were formerly more abundant and more diverse than they are today.

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Dental alveolus

Dental alveoli (singular alveolus) are sockets in the jaws in which the roots of teeth are held in the alveolar process with the periodontal ligament.

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Denticle (tooth feature)

Denticles, also called serrations, are small bumps on a tooth that serve to give the tooth a serrated edge.

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Dinosaur

Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria.

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Dyoplosaurus

Dyoplosaurus (meaning "double-armored lizard") is an extinct genus of ankylosaurid dinosaurs within the subfamily Ankylosaurinae.

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Ecological niche

In ecology, a niche (CanE, or) is the fit of a species living under specific environmental conditions.

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Ecosystem engineer

An ecosystem engineer is any organism that creates, significantly modifies, maintains or destroys a habitat.

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Edmontonia

Edmontonia was an armoured dinosaur, part of the nodosaur family from the Late Cretaceous Period.

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Edmontosaurus

Edmontosaurus (meaning "lizard from Edmonton") is a genus of hadrosaurid (duck-billed) dinosaur.

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Elephant

Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea.

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Endotherm

An endotherm (from Greek ἔνδον endon "within" and θέρμη thermē "heat") is an organism that maintains its body at a metabolically favorable temperature, largely by the use of heat set free by its internal bodily functions instead of relying almost purely on ambient heat.

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Enthesis

The enthesis (plural: entheses) is the connective tissue between tendon or ligament and bone.

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Euoplocephalus

Euoplocephalus is one of the largest genera of herbivorous ankylosaurian dinosaurs, living during the Late Cretaceous of Canada.

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Family (biology)

In biological classification, family (familia, plural familiae) is one of the eight major taxonomic ranks; it is classified between order and genus.

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Femur

The femur (pl. femurs or femora) or thigh bone, is the most proximal (closest to the hip joint) bone of the leg in tetrapod vertebrates capable of walking or jumping, such as most land mammals, birds, many reptiles including lizards, and amphibians such as frogs.

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Fern

A fern is a member of a group of vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.

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Ferris Formation

The Ferris Formation is a Late Cretaceous (~66 Ma) to Paleocene (66-63 Ma), fluvial-deltaic geological formation in southern Wyoming.

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Fiber

Fiber or fibre (see spelling differences, from the Latin fibra) is a natural or synthetic substance that is significantly longer than it is wide.

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Floodplain

A floodplain or flood plain is an area of land adjacent to a stream or river which stretches from the banks of its channel to the base of the enclosing valley walls, and which experiences flooding during periods of high discharge.

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Flowering plant

The flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with 416 families, approximately 13,164 known genera and c. 295,383 known species.

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Foramen

In anatomy, a foramen (pl. foramina) is any opening.

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Fossil

A fossil (from Classical Latin fossilis; literally, "obtained by digging") is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.

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Fossil collecting

Fossil collecting (some times, in a non-scientific sense, fossil hunting) is the collection of fossils for scientific study, hobby, or profit.

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Fossorial

Cape ground squirrel. A fossorial (from Latin fossor, "digger") is an animal adapted to digging and lives primarily, but not solely, underground.

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Franz Nopcsa von Felső-Szilvás

Baron Franz Nopcsa von Felső-Szilvás (also Baron Nopcsa von Felső-Szilvás, Baron Nopcsa, Ferenc Nopcsa, báró felsőszilvási Nopcsa Ferenc, Baron Franz Nopcsa, and Franz Baron Nopcsa) (May 3, 1877 – April 25, 1933) was a Hungarian-born aristocrat, adventurer, scholar, and paleontologist.

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Frenchman Formation

The Frenchman Formation is stratigraphic unit of Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin.

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Genus

A genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology.

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Geological formation

A formation or geological formation is the fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy.

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Geological period

A geological period is one of several subdivisions of geologic time enabling cross-referencing of rocks and geologic events from place to place.

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Georg Haas (paleontologist)

Georg Haas (January 19, 1905, Vienna, Austria – September 13, 1981 Jerusalem, Israel) was an Austrian-born Israeli herpetologist, malacologist and paleontologist, one of the founders of zoological research in Israel.

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Gland

A gland is a group of cells in an animal's body that synthesizes substances (such as hormones) for release into the bloodstream (endocrine gland) or into cavities inside the body or its outer surface (exocrine gland).

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Glyptodon

Glyptodon (from Greek for "grooved or carved tooth" – Greek γλυπτός sculptured + ὀδοντ-, ὀδούς tooth) was a genus of large, armored mammals of the subfamily Glyptodontinae (glyptodonts or glyptodontines) – relatives of armadillos – that lived during the Pleistocene epoch.

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Hadrosaurid

Hadrosaurids (ἁδρός, hadrós, "stout, thick"), or duck-billed dinosaurs, are members of the ornithischian family Hadrosauridae.

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Hell Creek Formation

The Hell Creek Formation is an intensively-studied division of mostly Upper Cretaceous and some lower Paleocene rocks in North America, named for exposures studied along Hell Creek, near Jordan, Montana.

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Henry Fairfield Osborn

Henry Fairfield Osborn, Sr. (August 8, 1857 – November 6, 1935) was an American paleontologist and geologist.

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Herbivore

A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet.

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Hindgut fermentation

Hindgut fermentation is a digestive process seen in monogastric herbivores, animals with a simple, single-chambered stomach.

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Humerus

The humerus (plural: humeri) is a long bone in the arm or forelimb that runs from the shoulder to the elbow.

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Hungarians

Hungarians, also known as Magyars (magyarok), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary (Magyarország) and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history and speak the Hungarian language.

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Hypsilophodont

Hypsilophodontidae is a potentially invalid family of ornithopod dinosaurs.

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Intraspecific competition

Intraspecific competition is an interaction in population ecology, whereby members of the same species compete for limited resources.

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Jugal bone

The jugal is a skull bone found in most reptiles, amphibians and birds.

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Kenneth Carpenter

Kenneth Carpenter (born September 21, 1949 in Tokyo, Japan) is a paleontologist.

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Lance Formation

The Lance (Creek) Formation is a division of Late Cretaceous (dating to about 69 - 66 Ma) rocks in the western United States.

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Large intestine

The large intestine, also known as the large bowel or colon, is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract and of the digestive system in vertebrates.

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Larynx

The larynx, commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the top of the neck of tetrapods involved in breathing, producing sound, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration.

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Late Cretaceous

The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous period is divided in the geologic timescale.

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Ligament

A ligament is the fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones.

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Lineage (evolution)

An evolutionary lineage is a temporal series of organisms, populations, cells, or genes connected by a continuous line of descent from ancestor to descendent.

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Maastrichtian

The Maastrichtian is, in the ICS geologic timescale, the latest age (uppermost stage) of the Late Cretaceous epoch or Upper Cretaceous series, the Cretaceous period or system, and of the Mesozoic era or erathem.

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Mandible

The mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human face.

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Manus (anatomy)

The manus (Latin for hand) is the zoological term for the distal portion of the fore limb of an animal.

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Matrix (geology)

The matrix or groundmass of rock is the finer-grained mass of material wherein larger grains, crystals or clasts are embedded.

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Maxilla

The maxilla (plural: maxillae) in animals is the upper jawbone formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones.

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Metatarsal bones

The metatarsal bones, or metatarsus are a group of five long bones in the foot, located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes.

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Moment of inertia

The moment of inertia, otherwise known as the angular mass or rotational inertia, of a rigid body is a tensor that determines the torque needed for a desired angular acceleration about a rotational axis; similar to how mass determines the force needed for a desired acceleration.

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Monsoon

Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea.

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Montana

Montana is a state in the Northwestern United States.

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Moose

The moose (North America) or elk (Eurasia), Alces alces, is the largest extant species in the deer family.

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Mucous membrane of nose

The nasal mucous membrane lines the nasal cavities, and is intimately adherent to the periosteum or perichondrium of the nasal conchae.

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Mudstone

Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds.

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Museum of the Rockies

Museum of the Rockies is a museum in Bozeman, Montana.

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Nasal concha

In anatomy, a nasal concha, plural conchae, also called a turbinate or turbinal, is a long, narrow, curled shelf of bone that protrudes into the breathing passage of the nose in humans and various animals.

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Nasal septum

The nasal septum separates the left and right airways in the nose, dividing the two nostrils.

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Niche differentiation

The term niche differentiation (synonymous with niche segregation, niche separation and niche partitioning), as it applies to the field of ecology, refers to the process by which competing species use the environment differently in a way that helps them to coexist.

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Nodocephalosaurus

Nodocephalosaurus is a genus of herbivorous ankylosaurine ankylosaurid dinosaur from Upper Cretaceous (late Campanian stage) deposits of San Juan Basin, New Mexico.

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Nodosauridae

Nodosauridae is a family of ankylosaurian dinosaurs, from the Late Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous Period of what are now North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Antarctica.

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Occlusion (dentistry)

Occlusion, in a dental context, means simply the contact between teeth.

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Olfaction

Olfaction is a chemoreception that forms the sense of smell.

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Olfactory bulb

The olfactory bulb (bulbus olfactorius) is a neural structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction, the sense of smell.

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Omnivore

Omnivore is a consumption classification for animals that have the capability to obtain chemical energy and nutrients from materials originating from plant and animal origin.

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Ontogeny

Ontogeny (also ontogenesis or morphogenesis) is the origination and development of an organism, usually from the time of fertilization of the egg to the organism's mature form—although the term can be used to refer to the study of the entirety of an organism's lifespan.

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Orbit (anatomy)

In anatomy, the orbit is the cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated.

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Order (biology)

In biological classification, the order (ordo) is.

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Ornithischia

Ornithischia is an extinct clade of mainly herbivorous dinosaurs characterized by a pelvic structure similar to that of birds.

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Ornithomimus

Ornithomimus ("bird mimic") is a genus of ornithomimid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now North America.

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Ossification

Ossification (or osteogenesis) in bone remodeling is the process of laying down new bone material by cells called osteoblasts.

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Osteoderm

Osteoderms are bony deposits forming scales, plates or other structures based in the dermis.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Pachycephalosauria

Pachycephalosauria (from Greek παχυκεφαλόσαυρος for 'thick headed lizards') is a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs.

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Pachycephalosaurus

Pachycephalosaurus (meaning "thick-headed lizard," from Greek pachys-/παχυς- "thick", kephale/κεφαλη "head" and sauros/σαυρος "lizard") is a genus of pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs.

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Palaeoscincus

Palaeoscincus (meaning "ancient skink" from the Greek παλαιός and σκίγγος) is a dubious genus of ankylosaurian dinosaur based on teeth from the mid-late Campanian-age Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation of Montana.

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Paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene Epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present).

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Palpebral (bone)

The palpebral bone is a small dermal bone found in the region of the eye socket in a variety of animals, including crocodilians and ornithischian dinosaurs.

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Paranasal sinuses

Paranasal sinuses are a group of four paired air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity.

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Pelvis

The pelvis (plural pelves or pelvises) is either the lower part of the trunk of the human body between the abdomen and the thighs (sometimes also called pelvic region of the trunk) or the skeleton embedded in it (sometimes also called bony pelvis, or pelvic skeleton).

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Philip J. Currie

Philip John Currie, (born March 13, 1949) is a Canadian palaeontologist and museum curator who helped found the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology in Drumheller, Alberta and is now a professor at the University of Alberta in Edmonton.

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Phylogenetic diversity

Phylogenetic diversity is a measure of biodiversity which incorporates phylogenetic difference between species.

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Phylogenetics

In biology, phylogenetics (Greek: φυλή, φῦλον – phylé, phylon.

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Pinacosaurus

Pinacosaurus ("plank lizard") is a genus of medium-sized ankylosaur dinosaurs that lived from the late Santonian to the late Campanian stages of the late Cretaceous Period (roughly 80–75 million years ago), in Mongolia and China.

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Pinophyta

The Pinophyta, also known as Coniferophyta or Coniferae, or commonly as conifers, are a division of vascular land plants containing a single extant class, Pinopsida.

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Polacanthinae

Polacanthinae is a grouping of ankylosaurs, possibly primitive nodosaurids.

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Polacanthus

Polacanthus, deriving its name from the Ancient Greek polys-/πολύς- "many" and akantha/ἄκανθα "thorn" or "prickle", is an early armoured, spiked, plant-eating ankylosaurian dinosaur from the early Cretaceous period of England.

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Polymorphism (biology)

Polymorphism in biology and zoology is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative phenotypes, in the population of a species.

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Polyphyodont

A polyphyodont is any animal whose teeth are continually replaced.

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Popular culture

Popular culture (also called pop culture) is generally recognized as a set of the practices, beliefs, and objects that are dominant or ubiquitous in a society at a given point in time.

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Posterior nasal apertures

The posterior nasal apertures or internal nostrils are the openings found at the posterior (back part) of the nasal passage between the nasal cavity and the throat in tetrapods with secondary palates, including humans and other mammals (as well as crocodilians and most skinks).

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Powder River (Wyoming and Montana)

Powder River is a tributary of the Yellowstone River, approximately long in northeastern Wyoming and southeastern Montana in the United States.

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Predentary

The predentary is an ossification situated on the front of the lower jaw, which extended the dentary (the main lower jaw bone).

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Prehensility

Prehensility is the quality of an appendage or organ that has adapted for grasping or holding.

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Premaxilla

The premaxilla (or praemaxilla) is one of a pair of small cranial bones at the very tip of the upper jaw of many animals, usually, but not always, bearing teeth.

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Proboscis

A proboscis is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate.

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Pyramid

A pyramid (from πυραμίς) is a structure whose outer surfaces are triangular and converge to a single point at the top, making the shape roughly a pyramid in the geometric sense.

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Quadrupedalism

Quadrupedalism or pronograde posture is a form of terrestrial locomotion in animals using four limbs or legs.

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Red Deer River

The Red Deer River is a river in Alberta and a small portion of Saskatchewan, Canada.

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Rib cage

The rib cage is an arrangement of bones in the thorax of most vertebrates.

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Rocky Mountains

The Rocky Mountains, also known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range in western North America.

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Rostral scale

The rostral scale, or rostral, in snakes and other scaled reptiles is the median plate on the tip of the snout that borders the mouth opening.

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Rudolph F. Zallinger

Rudolph Franz Zallinger (November 12, 1919 – August 1, 1995) was an American-based Austrian-Russian artist notable for his mural The Age of Reptiles (1947) at Yale University's Peabody Museum of Natural History.

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Saichania

Saichania (Mongolian meaning "beautiful one") is a genus of herbivorous ankylosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous period of Mongolia and China.

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Saiga antelope

The saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica) is a critically endangered antelope that originally inhabited a vast area of the Eurasian steppe zone from the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains and Caucasus into Dzungaria and Mongolia.

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Salamander

Salamanders are a group of amphibians typically characterized by a lizard-like appearance, with slender bodies, blunt snouts, short limbs projecting at right angles to the body, and the presence of a tail in both larvae and adults.

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Samuel Wendell Williston

Samuel Wendell Williston (July 10, 1851 – August 30, 1918) was an American educator and paleontologist who was the first to propose that birds developed flight cursorially (by running), rather than arboreally (by leaping from tree to tree).

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Sandstone

Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) mineral particles or rock fragments.

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Scale (anatomy)

In most biological nomenclature, a scale (Greek λεπίς lepis, Latin squama) is a small rigid plate that grows out of an animal's skin to provide protection.

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Scapula

In anatomy, the scapula (plural scapulae or scapulas; also known as shoulder bone, shoulder blade or wing bone) is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone).

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Scolecophidia

The Scolecophidia, commonly knowns as blind snakes or thread snakes, are an infraorder of snakes.

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Scollard Formation

The Scollard Formation is an Upper Cretaceous to lower Palaeocene stratigraphic unit of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in southwestern Alberta.

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Scolosaurus

Scolosaurus is an extinct genus of ankylosaurid dinosaurs within the subfamily Ankylosaurinae.

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Sediment

Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice, and/or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.

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Sharpey's fibres

Sharpey's fibres (bone fibres, or perforating fibres) are a matrix of connective tissue consisting of bundles of strong predominantly type I collagen fibres connecting periosteum to bone.

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Shrub

A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized woody plant.

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Sinemurian

In the geologic timescale, the Sinemurian is an age or stage in the Early or Lower Jurassic epoch or series.

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Species description

A species description is a formal description of a newly discovered species, usually in the form of a scientific paper.

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Squamosal bone

The squamosal is a bone of the head of higher vertebrates.

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Stegopelta

Stegopelta (meaning "roofed shield") is a genus of armored dinosaur.

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Stegosauria

Stegosauria is a group of herbivorous ornithischian dinosaurs that lived during the Jurassic and early Cretaceous periods.

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Stegosaurus

Stegosaurus, from Greek stegos (στέγος) which means roof and sauros (σαῦρος) which means lizard (Στεγόσαυρος), is a genus of herbivorous thyreophoran dinosaur.

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Stereopsis

Stereopsis (from the Greek στερεο- stereo- meaning "solid", and ὄψις opsis, "appearance, sight") is a term that is most often used to refer to the perception of depth and 3-dimensional structure obtained on the basis of visual information deriving from two eyes by individuals with normally developed binocular vision.

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Struthiomimus

Struthiomimus (meaning "ostrich mimic", from the Greek στρούθειος/stroutheios meaning "of the ostrich" and μῖμος/mimos meaning "mimic" or "imitator") is a genus of ornithomimid dinosaurs from the late Cretaceous of North America.

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Subfamily

In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: subfamilia, plural subfamiliae) is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus.

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Subtropics

The subtropics are geographic and climate zones located roughly between the tropics at latitude 23.5° (the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn) and temperate zones (normally referring to latitudes 35–66.5°) north and south of the Equator.

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Suture (anatomy)

In anatomy, a suture is a fairly rigid joint between two or more hard elements of an organism, with or without significant overlap of the elements.

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Swan

Swans are birds of the family Anatidae within the genus Cygnus.

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Talarurus

Talarurus (meaning "Wicker tail") is an extinct genus of ankylosaurid dinosaur that lived approximately 90 million years ago during the latter part of the Cretaceous Period in what is now Mongolia.

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Taphonomy

Taphonomy is the study of how organisms decay and become fossilized.

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Tarchia

Tarchia (meaning "brainy one") is a genus of herbivorous ankylosaurid dinosaur from the late Cretaceous of Mongolia.

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Temperate climate

In geography, the temperate or tepid climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes, which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth.

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Tendon

A tendon or sinew is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension.

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Teresa Maryańska

Teresa Maryańska is a Polish paleontologist who has specialized in Mongolian dinosaurs, particularly pachycephalosaurians and ankylosaurians.

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Tetrapod

The superclass Tetrapoda (from Greek: τετρα- "four" and πούς "foot") contains the four-limbed vertebrates known as tetrapods; it includes living and extinct amphibians, reptiles (including dinosaurs, and its subgroup birds) and mammals (including primates, and all hominid subgroups including humans), as well as earlier extinct groups.

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The Age of Reptiles

The Age of Reptiles is a mural depicting the period of ancient history when reptiles were the dominant creatures on the earth, painted by Rudolph F. Zallinger.

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The Quarterly Review of Biology

The Quarterly Review of Biology is a peer reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of biology.

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Thermoregulation

Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different.

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Theropoda

Theropoda (or, from Greek θηρίον "wild beast" and πούς, ποδός "foot") or theropods are a dinosaur suborder characterized by hollow bones and three-toed limbs.

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Thescelosaurus

Thescelosaurus (ancient Greek θέσκελος-/theskelos- meaning "godlike", "marvelous", or "wondrous" and σαυρος/sauros "lizard") was a genus of small ornithopod dinosaur that appeared at the very end of the Late Cretaceous period in North America.

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Thyreophora

The Thyreophora ("shield bearers", often known simply as "armored dinosaurs" - Greek: θυρεος, thyreos, a large oblong shield, like a door and φορεω, I carry) were a subgroup of the ornithischian dinosaurs.

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Timeline of ankylosaur research

This timeline of ankylosaur research is a chronological listing of events in the history of paleontology focused on the ankylosaurs, quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaurs who were protected by a covering bony plates and spikes and sometimes by a clubbed tail.

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Torosaurus

Torosaurus ("perforated lizard", in reference to the large openings in its frill) is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsid dinosaur that lived during the late Maastrichtian stage of the Cretaceous period, between 68 and 66 million years ago, though it is possible that the species range might extend to as far as 69 million years ago*Hicks, J.F., Johnson, K.R., Obradovich, J. D., Miggins, D.P., and Tauxe, L. 2003.

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Tribe (biology)

In biology, a tribe is a taxonomic rank above genus, but below family and subfamily.

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Triceratops

Triceratops is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsid dinosaur that first appeared during the late Maastrichtian stage of the late Cretaceous period, about 68 million years ago (mya) in what is now North America.

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Troodon

Troodon (Troödon in older sources) is a dubious genus of relatively small, bird-like dinosaurs known definitively from the Campanian age of the Cretaceous period (about 77 mya).

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Tropical cyclone

A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain.

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Tsagantegia

Tsagantegia (meaning "of Tsagan-Teg"; Tumanova, 1993) is a genus of medium-sized ankylosaurid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Mongolia, during the Cenomanian stage.

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Tuber

Tubers are enlarged structures in some plant species used as storage organs for nutrients.

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Turonian

The Turonian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the second age in the Late Cretaceous epoch, or a stage in the Upper Cretaceous series.

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Type (biology)

In biology, a type is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached.

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Type species

In zoological nomenclature, a type species (species typica) is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen(s).

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Tyrannosaurus

Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur.

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Vertebra

In the vertebrate spinal column, each vertebra is an irregular bone with a complex structure composed of bone and some hyaline cartilage, the proportions of which vary according to the segment of the backbone and the species of vertebrate.

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Victoria Arbour

Victoria Megan Arbour is a Canadian evolutionary biologist and palaeontologist working as a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada postdoctoral fellow at the University of Toronto and Royal Ontario Museum.

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Vocal resonation

McKinney defines vocal resonance as "the process by which the basic product of phonation is enhanced in timbre and/or intensity by the air-filled cavities through which it passes on its way to the outside air." Throughout the vocal literature, various terms related to resonation are used, including: amplification, filtering, enrichment, enlargement, improvement, intensification, and prolongation.

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Western Interior Seaway

The Western Interior Seaway (also called the Cretaceous Seaway, the Niobraran Sea, the North American Inland Sea, and the Western Interior Sea) was a large inland sea that existed during the mid- to late Cretaceous period as well as the very early Paleogene, splitting the continent of North America into two landmasses, Laramidia to the west and Appalachia to the east.

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Wildfire

A wildfire or wildland fire is a fire in an area of combustible vegetation that occurs in the countryside or rural area.

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Woody plant

A woody plant is a plant that produces wood as its structural tissue.

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Zaraapelta

Zaraapelta is an extinct genus of herbivorous ankylosaurid thyreophoran dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia.

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Zhejiangosaurus

Zhejiangosaurus (meaning "Zhejiang lizard") is an extinct genus of nodosaurid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian stage) of Zhejiang, eastern China.

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Ziapelta

Ziapelta sanjuanensis is an extinct species of ankylosaurid from Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) formations in New Mexico.

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1964 New York World's Fair

The 1964/1965 New York World's Fair held over 140 pavilions, 110 restaurants, for 80 nations (hosted by 37), 24 US states, and over 45 corporations to build exhibits or attractions at Flushing Meadows Park in Queens, NY.

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Redirects here:

AMNH 5214, AMNH 5866, AMNH 5895, Anklosaurus, Anklyosaurus, Ankylosaurus magniventris, NMC 8880.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankylosaurus

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