Table of Contents
218 relations: Abscess, Adenylyl cyclase, Adrien Loir, Aerosol, Alberto Ascoli, Ames strain, Annals of Saudi Medicine, Annie Jacobsen, Anthrax, Anthrax hoaxes, Anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase, Anthrax toxin, Anthrax vaccine, Anthrax vaccine adsorbed, Anthrax weaponization, Antibiotic, Antibody, Antigen, Antimicrobial, Antitoxin, Apoptosis, Associated Press, Attenuated vaccine, Australia, Autonomous detection system, Émile Roux, Bacilli, Bacillus anthracis, Bacteria, Bacterial capsule, Bacteriologist, Bartholomaeus Anglicus, Bicarbonate, Biological agent, Biological warfare, Biological Weapons Convention, Biologics license application, Bloodstream infection, Boil, Bokashi (horticulture), Bone meal, Boris Yeltsin, Bradford, British Army, Bruce Edwards Ivins, Bruise, Calmodulin, Catalysis, Cattle, Cell theory, ... Expand index (168 more) »
- Biological anti-agriculture weapons
- Health disasters
- Zoonotic bacterial diseases
Abscess
An abscess is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body.
Adenylyl cyclase
Adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1, also commonly known as adenyl cyclase and adenylyl cyclase, abbreviated AC) is an enzyme with systematic name ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing; 3′,5′-cyclic-AMP-forming).
See Anthrax and Adenylyl cyclase
Adrien Loir
Adrien Loir (15 December 1862 – 1941) was a French bacteriologist born in Lyon.
Aerosol
An aerosol is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas.
Alberto Ascoli
Alberto Ascoli (August 15, 1877, in Trieste - September 28, 1957) was an Italian serologist, hygienist and physiological chemist, who developed a test for anthrax.
See Anthrax and Alberto Ascoli
Ames strain
The Ames strain is one of 89 known strains of the anthrax bacterium (Bacillus anthracis).
Annals of Saudi Medicine
The Annals of Saudi Medicine is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia).
See Anthrax and Annals of Saudi Medicine
Annie Jacobsen
Annie Jacobsen (born June 28, 1967) is an American investigative journalist, author, and a 2016 Pulitzer Prize finalist.
See Anthrax and Annie Jacobsen
Anthrax
Anthrax is an infection caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax and anthrax are bacterium-related cutaneous conditions, biological anti-agriculture weapons, Bovine diseases, health disasters, Occupational diseases, Respiratory diseases, Zoonoses and Zoonotic bacterial diseases.
Anthrax hoaxes
Anthrax hoaxes involving the use of white powder or labels to falsely suggest the use of anthrax are frequently reported in the United States and globally.
See Anthrax and Anthrax hoaxes
Anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase
Anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase (lethal toxin) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases.
See Anthrax and Anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase
Anthrax toxin
Anthrax toxin is a three-protein exotoxin secreted by virulent strains of the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis—the causative agent of anthrax.
Anthrax vaccine
Anthrax vaccines are vaccines to prevent the livestock and human disease anthrax, caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis.
See Anthrax and Anthrax vaccine
Anthrax vaccine adsorbed
Anthrax vaccine adsorbed, sold under the brand name Biothrax among others, is a vaccine intended to provide acquired immunity against Bacillus anthracis.
See Anthrax and Anthrax vaccine adsorbed
Anthrax weaponization
Anthrax weaponization is the development and deployment of the bacterium Bacillus anthracis or, more commonly, its spore (referred to as anthrax), as a biological weapon.
See Anthrax and Anthrax weaponization
Antibiotic
An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria.
Antibody
An antibody (Ab) is the secreted form of a B cell receptor; the term immunoglobulin (Ig) can refer to either the membrane-bound form or the secreted form of the B cell receptor, but they are, broadly speaking, the same protein, and so the terms are often treated as synonymous.
Antigen
In immunology, an antigen (Ag) is a molecule, moiety, foreign particulate matter, or an allergen, such as pollen, that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor.
Antimicrobial
An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms (microbicide) or stops their growth (bacteriostatic agent).
Antitoxin
An antitoxin is an antibody with the ability to neutralize a specific toxin.
Apoptosis
Apoptosis (from falling off) is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms and in some eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms such as yeast.
Associated Press
The Associated Press (AP) is an American not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.
See Anthrax and Associated Press
Attenuated vaccine
An attenuated vaccine (or a live attenuated vaccine, LAV) is a vaccine created by reducing the virulence of a pathogen, but still keeping it viable (or "live").
See Anthrax and Attenuated vaccine
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.
Autonomous detection system
Autonomous Detection Systems (ADS), also called biohazard detection systems or autonomous pathogen detection systems, are designed to monitor air or water in an environment and to detect the presence of airborne or waterborne chemicals, toxins, pathogens, or other biological agents capable of causing human illness or death.
See Anthrax and Autonomous detection system
Émile Roux
Pierre Paul Émile Roux FRS (17 December 18533 November 1933) was a French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist.
Bacilli
Bacilli is a taxonomic class of bacteria that includes two orders, Bacillales and Lactobacillales, which contain several well-known pathogens such as Bacillus anthracis (the cause of anthrax).
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium that causes anthrax, a deadly disease to livestock and, occasionally, to humans.
See Anthrax and Bacillus anthracis
Bacteria
Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.
Bacterial capsule
The bacterial capsule is a large structure common to many bacteria.
See Anthrax and Bacterial capsule
Bacteriologist
A bacteriologist is a microbiologist, or similarly trained professional, in bacteriology— a subdivision of microbiology that studies bacteria, typically pathogenic ones.
See Anthrax and Bacteriologist
Bartholomaeus Anglicus
Bartholomaeus Anglicus (before 1203–1272), also known as Bartholomew the Englishman and Berthelet, was an early 13th-century Scholastic of Paris, a member of the Franciscan order.
See Anthrax and Bartholomaeus Anglicus
Bicarbonate
In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid.
Biological agent
Biological weapons are pathogens used as weapons.
See Anthrax and Biological agent
Biological warfare
Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, insects, and fungi with the intent to kill, harm or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war.
See Anthrax and Biological warfare
Biological Weapons Convention
The Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), or Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC), is a disarmament treaty that effectively bans biological and toxin weapons by prohibiting their development, production, acquisition, transfer, stockpiling and use.
See Anthrax and Biological Weapons Convention
Biologics license application
A biologics license application (BLA) is defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as follows: The biologics license application is a request for permission to introduce, or deliver for introduction, a biologic product into interstate commerce (21 CFR 601.2).
See Anthrax and Biologics license application
Bloodstream infection
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are infections of blood caused by blood-borne pathogens.
See Anthrax and Bloodstream infection
Boil
A boil, also called a furuncle, is a deep folliculitis, which is an infection of the hair follicle. Anthrax and boil are bacterium-related cutaneous conditions.
See Anthrax and Boil
Bokashi (horticulture)
Bokashi is a process that converts food waste and similar organic matter into a soil amendment which adds nutrients and improves soil texture.
See Anthrax and Bokashi (horticulture)
Bone meal
Bone meal (or bonemeal) is a mixture of finely and coarsely ground animal bones and slaughter-house waste products.
Boris Yeltsin
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (Борис Николаевич Ельцин,; 1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician who served as President of Russia from 1991 to 1999.
Bradford
Bradford is a city in West Yorkshire, England.
British Army
The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Naval Service and the Royal Air Force.
Bruce Edwards Ivins
Bruce Edwards Ivins (April 22, 1946July 29, 2008) was an American microbiologist, vaccinologist, senior biodefense researcher at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland, and the person suspected by the FBI of the 2001 anthrax attacks.
See Anthrax and Bruce Edwards Ivins
Bruise
A bruise, also known as a contusion, is a type of hematoma of tissue, the most common cause being capillaries damaged by trauma, causing localized bleeding that extravasates into the surrounding interstitial tissues.
Calmodulin
Calmodulin (CaM) (an abbreviation for calcium-modulated protein) is a multifunctional intermediate calcium-binding messenger protein expressed in all eukaryotic cells.
Catalysis
Catalysis is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst.
Cattle
Cattle (Bos taurus) are large, domesticated, bovid ungulates widely kept as livestock. They are prominent modern members of the subfamily Bovinae and the most widespread species of the genus Bos. Mature female cattle are called cows and mature male cattle are bulls. Young female cattle are called heifers, young male cattle are oxen or bullocks, and castrated male cattle are known as steers.
Cell theory
In biology, cell theory is a scientific theory first formulated in the mid-nineteenth century, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the national public health agency of the United States.
See Anthrax and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found within the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord of all vertebrates.
See Anthrax and Cerebrospinal fluid
Chlorine dioxide
Chlorine dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula ClO2 that exists as yellowish-green gas above 11 °C, a reddish-brown liquid between 11 °C and −59 °C, and as bright orange crystals below −59 °C.
See Anthrax and Chlorine dioxide
Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections.
Climate change in the Arctic
Due to climate change in the Arctic, this polar region is expected to become "profoundly different" by 2050.
See Anthrax and Climate change in the Arctic
Community-acquired pneumonia
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) refers to pneumonia (any of several lung diseases) contracted by a person outside of the healthcare system.
See Anthrax and Community-acquired pneumonia
Cover-up
A cover-up is an attempt, whether successful or not, to conceal evidence of wrongdoing, error, incompetence, or other embarrassing information.
Cumberland County, New South Wales
Cumberland County is a county in the State of New South Wales, Australia.
See Anthrax and Cumberland County, New South Wales
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger, or cellular signal occurring within cells, that is important in many biological processes.
See Anthrax and Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Cytokine
Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–25 kDa) important in cell signaling.
Danbury, Connecticut
Danbury is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States, located approximately northeast of New York City.
See Anthrax and Danbury, Connecticut
David Willman
David Willman (born October 18, 1956) is an American Pulitzer Prize winning investigative journalist.
Doxycycline
Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the tetracycline class used in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria and certain parasites.
Drum circle
A drum circle is an informal gathering of percussionists and dancers who meet in public for the purpose of playing drums and dancing.
Edema
Edema (AmE), also spelled oedema (BrE), and also known as fluid retention, dropsy, hydropsy and swelling, is the build-up of fluid in the body's tissue.
Effective microorganism
Effective microorganisms (EM) are various blends of common predominantly anaerobic microorganisms in a carbohydrate-rich liquid carrier substrate (molasses nutrient solution) of EM Research Organization, Inc.Effective Microorganisms EM and EM・1 are the trademarks of Em Research Organization, Inc., Uruma City, Okinawa, Japan.
See Anthrax and Effective microorganism
Egyptian language
The Egyptian language, or Ancient Egyptian, is an extinct branch of the Afro-Asiatic languages that was spoken in ancient Egypt.
See Anthrax and Egyptian language
Endospore
An endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by some bacteria in the phylum Bacillota.
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.
Erythema
Erythema is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
Erythromycin
Erythromycin is an antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.
Eschar
An eschar is a slough or piece of dead tissue that is cast off from the surface of the skin, particularly after a burn injury, but also seen in gangrene, ulcer, fungal infections, necrotizing spider bite wounds, tick bites associated with spotted fevers and exposure to cutaneous anthrax.
Ethylene oxide
Ethylene oxide is an organic compound with the formula. It is a cyclic ether and the simplest epoxide: a three-membered ring consisting of one oxygen atom and two carbon atoms. Ethylene oxide is a colorless and flammable gas with a faintly sweet odor. Because it is a strained ring, ethylene oxide easily participates in a number of addition reactions that result in ring-opening.
See Anthrax and Ethylene oxide
Fever
Fever or pyrexia in humans is a body temperature above the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set point in the hypothalamus.
Flax
Flax, also known as common flax or linseed, is a flowering plant, Linum usitatissimum, in the family Linaceae.
See Anthrax and Flax
Food and Drug Administration
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Services.
See Anthrax and Food and Drug Administration
Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde (systematic name methanal) is an organic compound with the chemical formula and structure, more precisely.
Fort Detrick
Fort Detrick is a United States Army Futures Command installation located in Frederick, Maryland.
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.
Free-ranging dog
A free-ranging dog is a dog that is not confined to a yard or house.
See Anthrax and Free-ranging dog
Friederich Wilhelm Eurich
Dr.
See Anthrax and Friederich Wilhelm Eurich
Fulminant
Fulminant is a medical descriptor for any event or process that occurs suddenly and escalates quickly, and is intense and severe to the point of lethality, i.e., it has an explosive character.
Gastrointestinal tract
The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans and other animals, including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
See Anthrax and Gastrointestinal tract
Germ theory of disease
The germ theory of disease is the currently accepted scientific theory for many diseases.
See Anthrax and Germ theory of disease
German General Staff
The German General Staff, originally the Prussian General Staff and officially the Great General Staff (Großer Generalstab), was a full-time body at the head of the Prussian Army and later, the German Army, responsible for the continuous study of all aspects of war, and for drawing up and reviewing plans for mobilization or campaign.
See Anthrax and German General Staff
Germans
Germans are the natives or inhabitants of Germany, or sometimes more broadly any people who are of German descent or native speakers of the German language.
Glasgow
Glasgow is the most populous city in Scotland, located on the banks of the River Clyde in west central Scotland.
Goat
The goat or domestic goat (Capra hircus) is a species of domesticated goat-antelope that is mostly kept as livestock.
See Anthrax and Goat
Gram stain
Gram stain (Gram staining or Gram's method), is a method of staining used to classify bacterial species into two large groups: gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria.
Gram-positive bacteria
In bacteriology, gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall.
See Anthrax and Gram-positive bacteria
Greek language
Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.
See Anthrax and Greek language
Gruinard Island
Gruinard Island (Eilean Ghruinneard) is a small, oval-shaped Scottish island approximately long by wide, located in Gruinard Bay, about halfway between Gairloch and Ullapool.
See Anthrax and Gruinard Island
Hart Senate Office Building
The Philip A. Hart Senate Office Building is the third U.S. Senate office building, and is located on 2nd Street NE between Constitution Avenue NE and C Street NE in Washington, D.C., in the United States.
See Anthrax and Hart Senate Office Building
Hematemesis
Hematemesis is the vomiting of blood.
Hide (skin)
A hide or skin is an animal skin treated for human use.
Home Office
The Home Office (HO), also known (especially in official papers and when referred to in Parliament) as the Home Department, is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom.
Human Genome Sciences
Human Genome Sciences (HGS) was a biopharmaceutical corporation founded in 1992 by Craig Venter, Alan Walton and Wally Steinberg.
See Anthrax and Human Genome Sciences
Hypovolemic shock
Hypovolemic shock is a form of shock caused by severe hypovolemia (insufficient blood volume or extracellular fluid in the body).
See Anthrax and Hypovolemic shock
Immunofluorescence
Immunofluorescence (IF) is a light microscopy-based technique that allows detection and localization of a wide variety of target biomolecules within a cell or tissue at a quantitative level.
See Anthrax and Immunofluorescence
Imperial Russian Army
The Imperial Russian Army or Russian Imperial Army (Rússkaya imperátorskaya ármiya) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917.
See Anthrax and Imperial Russian Army
In situ
In situ (often not italicized in English) is a Latin phrase that translates literally to "on site" or "in position." It can mean "locally", "on site", "on the premises", or "in place" to describe where an event takes place and is used in many different contexts.
Infectious diseases (medical specialty)
Infectious diseases (ID), also known as infectiology, is a medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of infections.
See Anthrax and Infectious diseases (medical specialty)
Influenza
Influenza, commonly known as "the flu" or just "flu", is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses. Anthrax and influenza are Respiratory diseases and Zoonoses.
Interleukin 1 beta
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) also known as leukocytic pyrogen, leukocytic endogenous mediator, mononuclear cell factor, lymphocyte activating factor and other names, is a cytokine protein that in humans is encoded by the IL1B gene.
See Anthrax and Interleukin 1 beta
Ironing
Ironing is the use of an iron, usually heated, to remove wrinkles and unwanted creases from fabric.
Irradiation
Irradiation is the process by which an object is exposed to radiation.
Jean Joseph Henri Toussaint
Jean Joseph Henri Toussaint (30 April 1847 – 3 August 1890) was a French veterinarian born in Rouvres-la-Chétive, department of Vosges.
See Anthrax and Jean Joseph Henri Toussaint
Jeanne Guillemin
Jeanne Harley Guillemin (March 6, 1943 - November 15, 2019) was an American medical anthropologist and author, who for 25 years taught at Boston College as a professor of Sociology and for over ten years was a senior fellow in the Security Studies Program at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
See Anthrax and Jeanne Guillemin
John Henry Bell
John Henry Bell (1832 – 9 September 1906) was a British medical doctor and researcher who is best known for contributing to the study of anthrax.
See Anthrax and John Henry Bell
John McGarvie Smith
John McGarvie Smith (8 February 1844 – 6 September 1918) was an Australian metallurgist, bacteriologist and benefactor.
See Anthrax and John McGarvie Smith
Kantubek
Kantubek (Кантубек; Qantubek) is a ghost town on Vozrozhdeniya Island in the Aral Sea.
Ken Alibek
Kanatzhan "Kanat" Baizakovich Alibekov (born 1950), known as Kenneth "Ken" Alibek since 1992, is a Kazakh-American microbiologist, bioweaponeer, and biological warfare administrative management expert.
KGB
The Committee for State Security (Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti (KGB)) was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 13 March 1954 until 3 December 1991.
See Anthrax and KGB
Lesion
A lesion is any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of an organism, usually caused by injury or diseases.
Levofloxacin
Levofloxacin, sold under the brand name Levaquin among others, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class.
Ligand
In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule with a functional group that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex.
Little, Brown and Company
Little, Brown and Company is an American publishing company founded in 1837 by Charles Coffin Little and James Brown in Boston.
See Anthrax and Little, Brown and Company
Livestock
Livestock are the domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting in order to provide labour and produce diversified products for consumption such as meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather, and wool.
Lonjsko Polje
Lonjsko Polje (English: Lonja Field) is the largest protected wetland in both Croatia and the entire Danube basin.
Los Angeles Times
The Los Angeles Times is a regional American daily newspaper that began publishing in Los Angeles, California in 1881.
See Anthrax and Los Angeles Times
Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur (27 December 1822 – 28 September 1895) was a French chemist, pharmacist, and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization, the last of which was named after him.
Lymph node
A lymph node, or lymph gland, is a kidney-shaped organ of the lymphatic system and the adaptive immune system.
Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system, or lymphoid system, is an organ system in vertebrates that is part of the immune system, and complementary to the circulatory system.
See Anthrax and Lymphatic system
Macrophage
Macrophages (abbreviated Mφ, MΦ or MP) are a type of white blood cell of the innate immune system that engulf and digest pathogens, such as cancer cells, microbes, cellular debris, and foreign substances, which do not have proteins that are specific to healthy body cells on their surface.
Manchuria
Manchuria is a term that refers to a region in Northeast Asia encompassing the entirety of present-day Northeast China, and historically parts of the modern-day Russian Far East, often referred to as Outer Manchuria.
Maryland
Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.
Mediastinitis
Mediastinitis is inflammation of the tissues in the mid-chest, or mediastinum. Anthrax and Mediastinitis are Respiratory diseases.
Mediastinum
The mediastinum (from;: mediastina) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity.
Medusa
In Greek mythology, Medusa (guardian, protectress), also called Gorgo or the Gorgon, was one of the three Gorgons.
Microbiological culture
A microbiological culture, or microbial culture, is a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture medium under controlled laboratory conditions.
See Anthrax and Microbiological culture
Microbiology
Microbiology is the scientific study of microorganisms, those being of unicellular (single-celled), multicellular (consisting of complex cells), or acellular (lacking cells).
Military operation plan
A military operation plan (commonly called a war plan before World War II) is a formal plan for military armed forces, their military organizations and units to conduct operations, as drawn up by commanders within the combat operations process in achieving objectives before or during a conflict.
See Anthrax and Military operation plan
Mine Safety and Health Administration
The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) is a large agency of the United States Department of Labor which administers the provisions of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (Mine Act) to enforce compliance with mandatory safety and health standards as a means to eliminate fatal accidents, to reduce the frequency and severity of nonfatal accidents, to minimize health hazards, and to promote improved safety and health conditions in the nation's mines.
See Anthrax and Mine Safety and Health Administration
Monkey
Monkey is a common name that may refer to most mammals of the infraorder Simiiformes, also known as the simians.
Monoclonal antibody
A monoclonal antibody (mAb, more rarely called moAb) is an antibody produced from a cell lineage made by cloning a unique white blood cell.
See Anthrax and Monoclonal antibody
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is the United States federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness.
See Anthrax and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American.
See Anthrax and NATO
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.
NBC News
NBC News is the news division of the American broadcast television network NBC.
Necrosis
Necrosis is a form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis.
Neutrophil
Neutrophils (also known as neutrocytes, heterophils or polymorphonuclear leukocytes) are a type of white blood cell.
New South Wales
New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a state on the east coast of:Australia.
See Anthrax and New South Wales
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine.
See Anthrax and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Northern Europe
The northern region of Europe has several definitions.
See Anthrax and Northern Europe
Obiltoxaximab
Obiltoxaximab, sold under the brand name Anthim among others, is a monoclonal antibody medication designed for the treatment of exposure to Bacillus anthracis spores (etiologic agent of anthrax).
Operation Overlord
Operation Overlord was the codename for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that launched the successful liberation of German-occupied Western Europe during World War II.
See Anthrax and Operation Overlord
Operation Vegetarian
Operation Vegetarian was an unused British biowarfare military operation plan developed from 1942 to 1944 during World War II.
See Anthrax and Operation Vegetarian
Organ (biology)
In a multicellular organism, an organ is a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function.
See Anthrax and Organ (biology)
Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire (abbreviated Oxon) is a ceremonial county in South East England.
Oxidizing agent
An oxidizing agent (also known as an oxidant, oxidizer, electron recipient, or electron acceptor) is a substance in a redox chemical reaction that gains or "accepts"/"receives" an electron from a (called the,, or). In other words, an oxidizer is any substance that oxidizes another substance.
See Anthrax and Oxidizing agent
Pain
Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
See Anthrax and Pain
Patrick Leahy
Patrick Joseph Leahy, (born March 31, 1940) is an American politician and attorney who represented Vermont in the United States Senate from 1975 to 2023.
Penicillin
Penicillins (P, PCN or PEN) are a group of β-lactam antibiotics originally obtained from Penicillium moulds, principally P. chrysogenum and P. rubens.
Pericardium
The pericardium (pericardia), also called pericardial sac, is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels.
Peritoneal cavity
The peritoneal cavity is a potential space between the parietal peritoneum (the serous membrane that surrounds the abdominal wall) and visceral peritoneum (which surrounds the internal organs).
See Anthrax and Peritoneal cavity
Permafrost
Permafrost is soil or underwater sediment which continuously remains below for two years or more: the oldest permafrost had been continuously frozen for around 700,000 years.
Peroxide
In chemistry, peroxides are a group of compounds with the structure, where the R's represent a radical (a portion of a complete molecule; not necessarily a free radical) and O's are single oxygen atoms.
Plasmid
A plasmid is a small, extrachromosomal DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.
Pleural cavity
The pleural cavity, pleural space, or intrapleural space is the potential space between the pleurae of the pleural sac that surrounds each lung.
See Anthrax and Pleural cavity
Polyglutamic acid
Polyglutamic acid (PGA) is a polymer of the amino acid glutamic acid (GA).
See Anthrax and Polyglutamic acid
Polymerase chain reaction
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method widely used to make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample rapidly, allowing scientists to amplify a very small sample of DNA (or a part of it) sufficiently to enable detailed study.
See Anthrax and Polymerase chain reaction
Porton Down
Porton Down is a science and defence technology campus in Wiltshire, England, just north-east of the village of Porton, near Salisbury.
Preventive healthcare
Preventive healthcare, or prophylaxis, is the application of healthcare measures to prevent diseases.
See Anthrax and Preventive healthcare
Protease
A protease (also called a peptidase, proteinase, or proteolytic enzyme) is an enzyme that catalyzes proteolysis, breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids, and spurring the formation of new protein products.
Pyrophosphate
In chemistry, pyrophosphates are phosphorus oxyanions that contain two phosphorus atoms in a linkage.
Quinolone antibiotic
Quinolone antibiotics constitute a large group of broad-spectrum bacteriocidals that share a bicyclic core structure related to the substance 4-quinolone.
See Anthrax and Quinolone antibiotic
Raxibacumab
Raxibacumab is a human monoclonal antibody intended for the prophylaxis and treatment of inhaled anthrax.
Reactogenicity
In clinical trials, reactogenicity is the capacity of a vaccine to produce common, "expected" adverse reactions, especially excessive immunological responses and associated signs and symptoms, including fever and sore arm at the injection site.
See Anthrax and Reactogenicity
Recombinant live vaccine
Live recombinant vaccines are biological preparations that stimulate immune responses to a pathogen through the use of genetically modified live bacteria or viruses.
See Anthrax and Recombinant live vaccine
Red blood cell
Red blood cells (RBCs), referred to as erythrocytes (with -cyte translated as 'cell' in modern usage) in academia and medical publishing, also known as red cells, erythroid cells, and rarely haematids, are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system.
See Anthrax and Red blood cell
Rhodesia
Rhodesia (Rodizha), officially from 1970 the Republic of Rhodesia, was an unrecognised state in Southern Africa from 1965 to 1979.
Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 37th president of the United States from 1969 to 1974.
Robert Koch
Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch (11 December 1843 – 27 May 1910) was a German physician and microbiologist.
Royal Air Force
The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air and space force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies.
See Anthrax and Royal Air Force
Rubber glove
A rubber glove is a glove made out of natural or synthetic rubber.
Sava
The Sava is a river in Central and Southeast Europe, a right-bank and the longest tributary of the Danube.
See Anthrax and Sava
Scanning electron microscope
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.
See Anthrax and Scanning electron microscope
Scientific American
Scientific American, informally abbreviated SciAm or sometimes SA, is an American popular science magazine.
See Anthrax and Scientific American
Scottish Highlands
The Highlands (the Hielands; a' Ghàidhealtachd) is a historical region of Scotland.
See Anthrax and Scottish Highlands
Septic shock
Septic shock is a potentially fatal medical condition that occurs when sepsis, which is organ injury or damage in response to infection, leads to dangerously low blood pressure and abnormalities in cellular metabolism.
Sheep
Sheep (sheep) or domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are a domesticated, ruminant mammal typically kept as livestock.
Shortness of breath
Shortness of breath (SOB), known as dyspnea (in AmE) or dyspnoea (in BrE), is an uncomfortable feeling of not being able to breathe well enough.
See Anthrax and Shortness of breath
Skin condition
A skin condition, also known as cutaneous condition, is any medical condition that affects the integumentary system—the organ system that encloses the body and includes skin, nails, and related muscle and glands.
See Anthrax and Skin condition
Sodium carbonate
Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda, soda ash and soda crystals) is the inorganic compound with the formula and its various hydrates.
See Anthrax and Sodium carbonate
Southern Europe
Southern Europe is the southern region of Europe.
See Anthrax and Southern Europe
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.
Spleen
The spleen is an organ found in almost all vertebrates.
Stirling
Stirling (Stirlin; Sruighlea) is a city in central Scotland, northeast of Glasgow and north-west of Edinburgh.
Subunit vaccine
A subunit vaccine is a vaccine that contains purified parts of the pathogen that are antigenic, or necessary to elicit a protective immune response.
See Anthrax and Subunit vaccine
Sverdlovsk anthrax leak
On 2 April 1979, spores of Bacillus anthracis (the causative agent of anthrax) were accidentally released from a Soviet military research facility in the city of Sverdlovsk, Soviet Union (now Yekaterinburg, Russia).
See Anthrax and Sverdlovsk anthrax leak
Tanning (leather)
Tanning, or hide tanning, is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather.
See Anthrax and Tanning (leather)
Tert-Butyl hydroperoxide
tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (tBuOOH) is the organic compound with the formula (CH3)3COOH.
See Anthrax and Tert-Butyl hydroperoxide
The Washington Times
The Washington Times is an American conservative daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C. It covers general interest topics with an emphasis on national politics.
See Anthrax and The Washington Times
Tom Daschle
Thomas Andrew Daschle (born December 9, 1947) is an American politician and lobbyist who represented South Dakota in the United States Senate from 1987 to 2005.
Trieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy.
Tumor necrosis factor
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, cachexin, or cachectin; formerly known as tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNFα or TNF-α) is a cytokine and member of the TNF superfamily, which consists of various transmembrane proteins with a homologous TNF domain.
See Anthrax and Tumor necrosis factor
Ulcer
An ulcer is a discontinuity or break in a bodily membrane that impedes normal function of the affected organ.
Ulcer (dermatology)
An ulcer is a sore on the skin or a mucous membrane, accompanied by the disintegration of tissue.
See Anthrax and Ulcer (dermatology)
Unit 731
, short for Manchu Detachment 731 and also known as the Kamo Detachment and the Ishii Unit, was a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that engaged in lethal human experimentation and biological weapons manufacturing during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) and World War II.
United States Armed Forces
The United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States.
See Anthrax and United States Armed Forces
United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories
The U.S. Army Biological Warfare Laboratories (USBWL) was a suite of research laboratories and pilot plant centers operating at Camp (later Fort) Detrick, Maryland, United States, beginning in 1943 under the control of the U.S. Army Chemical Corps Research and Development Command.
See Anthrax and United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) is the U.S Army's main institution and facility for defensive research into countermeasures against biological warfare.
See Anthrax and United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
United States Environmental Protection Agency
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent agency of the United States government tasked with environmental protection matters.
See Anthrax and United States Environmental Protection Agency
United States Government Publishing Office
The United States Government Publishing Office (USGPO or GPO), formerly the United States Government Printing Office, is an agency of the legislative branch of the United States Federal government.
See Anthrax and United States Government Publishing Office
United States Postal Service
The United States Postal Service (USPS), also known as the Post Office, U.S. Mail, or Postal Service, is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for providing postal service in the United States, its insular areas, and its associated states.
See Anthrax and United States Postal Service
University of California, Los Angeles
The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California, United States.
See Anthrax and University of California, Los Angeles
University of Louisville
The University of Louisville (UofL) is a public research university in Louisville, Kentucky.
See Anthrax and University of Louisville
Vaccine
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease.
Vancomycin
Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic medication used to treat a number of bacterial infections.
Vollum strain
The Vollum strain is one of the 89 known strains of the anthrax bacterium (Bacillus anthracis).
Vozrozhdeniya Island
Vozrozhdeniya Island (p; Возрождение аралы, Vozrojdenie araly; Возрождение ороли, Vozrojdeniye oroli) was an island in the Aral Sea.
See Anthrax and Vozrozhdeniya Island
White blood cell
White blood cells (scientific name leukocytes), also called immune cells or immunocytes, are cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.
See Anthrax and White blood cell
Wolsztyn
Wolsztyn (Wollstein) is a town in western Poland, on the western edge of Greater Poland Voivodeship.
Wool classing
Wool classing is the production of uniform, predictable, low-risk lines of wool, carried out by examining the characteristics of the wool in its raw state and classing (grading) it accordingly.
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
Worsted
Worsted is a high-quality type of wool yarn, the fabric made from this yarn, and a yarn weight category.
Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg is a city and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Ural Federal District, Russia. The city is located on the Iset River between the Volga-Ural region and Siberia, with a population of roughly 1.5 million residents, up to 2.2 million residents in the urban agglomeration.
2001 anthrax attacks
The 2001 anthrax attacks, also known as Amerithrax (a combination of "America" and "anthrax", from its FBI case name), occurred in the United States over the course of several weeks beginning on September 18, 2001, one week after the September 11 terrorist attacks.
See Anthrax and 2001 anthrax attacks
See also
Biological anti-agriculture weapons
- African swine fever virus
- Anthrax
- Burkholderia
- Chlamydia psittaci
- Classical swine fever
- Colorado potato beetle
- E14 munition
- E77 balloon bomb
- Foot-and-mouth disease
- Glanders
- Incendiary balloon
- M115 bomb
- Magnaporthe grisea
- Psittacosis
- Rift Valley fever
- Rinderpest
- Salmonella
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
- Virulent Newcastle disease
Health disasters
- Anthrax
- Antibiotic misuse
- Antibiotic use in livestock
- Antimicrobial resistance
- Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
- Disease outbreaks
- Feed ban
- Foodborne illness
- Foot-and-mouth disease
- Great Bovine Pestilence
- HIV/AIDS
- Health crisis
- List of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
- List of food contamination incidents
- List of medicine contamination incidents
- Pandemic
- Poly Implant Prothèse
- Swine influenza
- Therac-25
- Thorotrast
Zoonotic bacterial diseases
- Anaplasmosis
- Anthrax
- Brucellosis
- Bubonic plague
- Cat-scratch disease
- Chlamydia abortus
- Erysipeloid
- Glanders
- Leptospirosis
- Listeriosis
- Neoehrlichiosis
- Pasteurellosis
- Plague (disease)
- Pneumonic plague
- Psittacosis
- Q fever
- Rat-bite fever
- SARS
- Salmonellosis
- Septicemic plague
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome
- Sodoku
- Streptococcosis
- Tularemia
- Vietnamese tuberculosis
References
Also known as Agent N, Anthrax (disease), Anthrax bacteria, Anthrax disease, Anthrax spore, Anthrax spores, Anthraxism, Cutaneous anthrax, Cutaneous anthrax infection, Gastroenteric anthrax, Gastrointestinal anthrax, Inhalation anthrax, Inhalational anthrax, Malignant pustule, Pulmonary anthrax, Rag-sorter's disease, Ragpickers' disease, Respiratory anthrax, Siberian plague, Sirpence, Skin anthrax, Splenic fever, Woolsorters disease, Woolsorters' disease.
, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cerebrospinal fluid, Chlorine dioxide, Ciprofloxacin, Climate change in the Arctic, Community-acquired pneumonia, Cover-up, Cumberland County, New South Wales, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, Cytokine, Danbury, Connecticut, David Willman, Doxycycline, Drum circle, Edema, Effective microorganism, Egyptian language, Endospore, Enzyme, Erythema, Erythromycin, Eschar, Ethylene oxide, Fever, Flax, Food and Drug Administration, Formaldehyde, Fort Detrick, France, Free-ranging dog, Friederich Wilhelm Eurich, Fulminant, Gastrointestinal tract, Germ theory of disease, German General Staff, Germans, Glasgow, Goat, Gram stain, Gram-positive bacteria, Greek language, Gruinard Island, Hart Senate Office Building, Hematemesis, Hide (skin), Home Office, Human Genome Sciences, Hypovolemic shock, Immunofluorescence, Imperial Russian Army, In situ, Infectious diseases (medical specialty), Influenza, Interleukin 1 beta, Ironing, Irradiation, Jean Joseph Henri Toussaint, Jeanne Guillemin, John Henry Bell, John McGarvie Smith, Kantubek, Ken Alibek, KGB, Lesion, Levofloxacin, Ligand, Little, Brown and Company, Livestock, Lonjsko Polje, Los Angeles Times, Louis Pasteur, Lymph node, Lymphatic system, Macrophage, Manchuria, Maryland, Mediastinitis, Mediastinum, Medusa, Microbiological culture, Microbiology, Military operation plan, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Monkey, Monoclonal antibody, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NATO, Nazi Germany, NBC News, Necrosis, Neutrophil, New South Wales, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Northern Europe, Obiltoxaximab, Operation Overlord, Operation Vegetarian, Organ (biology), Oxfordshire, Oxidizing agent, Pain, Patrick Leahy, Penicillin, Pericardium, Peritoneal cavity, Permafrost, Peroxide, Plasmid, Pleural cavity, Polyglutamic acid, Polymerase chain reaction, Porton Down, Preventive healthcare, Protease, Pyrophosphate, Quinolone antibiotic, Raxibacumab, Reactogenicity, Recombinant live vaccine, Red blood cell, Rhodesia, Richard Nixon, Robert Koch, Royal Air Force, Rubber glove, Sava, Scanning electron microscope, Scientific American, Scottish Highlands, Septic shock, Sheep, Shortness of breath, Skin condition, Sodium carbonate, Southern Europe, Soviet Union, Spleen, Stirling, Subunit vaccine, Sverdlovsk anthrax leak, Tanning (leather), Tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, The Washington Times, Tom Daschle, Trieste, Tumor necrosis factor, Ulcer, Ulcer (dermatology), Unit 731, United States Armed Forces, United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, United States Environmental Protection Agency, United States Government Publishing Office, United States Postal Service, University of California, Los Angeles, University of Louisville, Vaccine, Vancomycin, Vollum strain, Vozrozhdeniya Island, White blood cell, Wolsztyn, Wool classing, World War II, Worsted, Yekaterinburg, 2001 anthrax attacks.