Communication

464 relations: "Free Albania" National Committee, A. Mitchell Palmer, Adolf Hitler, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Alger Hiss, Allegory, Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, Allies of World War II, American Federation of Labor, American Journal of International Law, Amnesty International, Anarchism, Anarcho-communism, Anatoliy Golitsyn, André Gide, Anhui clique, Animal Farm, Anti-authoritarianism, Anti-Bolshevik propaganda, Anti-Comintern Pact, Anti-communist mass killings, Anti-communist resistance in Poland, Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1946), Anti-Komintern, Anti-Leninism, Anti-Stalinist left, Appeasement, April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests, Archbishop, Aristeion Prize, Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Arrival and Departure, Arthur Koestler, Asia, August 1 Declaration, Australian Labor Party, Australian labour movement, Authoritarianism, Axis powers, Ayn Rand, B. A. Santamaria, Ballistic missile, Banat, Bayard Rustin, BBC, BBC News, BBC World Service, Beijing Spring, Bella Dodd, Benito Mussolini, ..., Bert Cremean, Bhikkhu, Blacklisting, Bolsheviks, Boris Pasternak, Brazilian Integralism, Budapest, Buddhist Sangha of Vietnam, Byline, Cambodia, Camillo Berneri, Capitalism, Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal, Carl Hatch, Carpathian Mountains, Catechism of the Catholic Church, Catholic Church, Censorship, Central Intelligence Agency, Charlie Chaplin, Charter 08, Charter 77, Chen Jian (academic), China, Chinese Civil War, Chinese democracy movement, Chinese Eastern Railway, Clement Attlee, Cliveden set, Coercion, Cold War, Columbia University, Communism, Communist Control Act of 1954, Communist International, Communist Party of China, Communist Party of Germany, Communist Party of Indonesia, Communist Party USA, Communist society, Congress of Industrial Organizations, Congressional Research Service, Conservatism, Constitutional Right Party, Containment, Continuation War, Contras, Criticism of communist party rule, Criticisms of anarchism, Criticisms of Marxism, Criticisms of socialism, Cursed soldiers, Czortków uprising, Darkness at Noon, David Kilgour, David Matas, Decommunization, Demands of Hungarian Revolutionaries of 1956, Democracy, Democratic Labor Party (historical), Democratic Labour Party (Australia), Democratic socialism, Deutsche Welle, Dictatorship of the proletariat, Dissident, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Doctor Zhivago (novel), Eastern Bloc, Eastern Europe, Editorial cartoon, Election, Electoral system of Australia, Elena Ceaușescu, Emma Goldman, Empire of Japan, Encyclical, Epoch Times, Esztergom, Ethan Gutmann, Europe, Evil Empire speech, Excommunication, Falun Gong, Far Eastern Republic, Fascism, February Revolution, February Uprising, Fengtian clique, FET y de las JONS, First Red Scare, First Republic of Armenia, Francisco Franco, Frank Meyer (political philosopher), Franz Werfel Human Rights Award, Free market, Freedom of speech, Freedom Road Socialist Organization, Friedrich Ebert, Friedrich Engels, Friedrich Hayek, Fumimaro Konoe, Garegin Nzhdeh, General strike, Genocide law (Albania), Genrikh Lyushkov, George Orwell, George W. 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Patrice McSherry, James Burnham, Jay Nordlinger, Józef Franczak, József Mindszenty, Jews, Joachim Fest, John Birch Society, John Chamberlain (journalist), John Dos Passos, John Maynard Keynes, John Patrick Diggins, John W. Dower, Joseph Goebbels, Joseph Stalin, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, Karl Marx, Kevin Boyle (lawyer), KGB, Khmer Rouge, Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation, Kilgour–Matas report, Kim Dae-jung, Kirkpatrick Doctrine, Kleist Prize, Konstantinos Speras, Korean Air Lines Flight 007, Korean War, Ku Klux Klan, Kuomintang, Labour Party (UK), Laissez-faire, Laos, Lapua Movement, Larry McDonald, Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881, Le Monde, Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism, Leszek Kołakowski, Lev Chernyi, Liberal Party of Australia, Liberalism, Localist groups (Hong Kong), Louis Fischer, Ludwig von Mises, Lusk Committee, Magyar Rádió, Main Currents of Marxism, Mainichi Shimbun, Malaysia, Manchukuo, Manifesto, Manuel Azaña, Maoism, Martial law in Poland, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Marxism, Mass killings under communist regimes, Max Eastman, Max Shachtman, McCarran Internal Security Act, McCarthyism, Means of production, Memorials for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, Midhat Frashëri, Milicja Obywatelska, Military dictatorship, Militia, Milovan Djilas, Milton Friedman, Moldova, Moneron Island, Montagnard Foundation, Inc., Morrie Ryskind, Moscow Trials, Mujahideen, My Disillusionment in Russia, National Archives of Japan, National Committee for a Free Europe, National Legion of Decency, Nationalism, Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam, NATO, Naxalite–Maoist insurgency, Nazism, New Mexico, New South Wales, New Tang Dynasty Television, Nicolae Ceaușescu, Nikolayevsk incident, Nineteen Eighty-Four, NKVD, NKVD Order No. 00593, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nonviolence, Norman Davies, Norman Podhoretz, North Korea, Northern Expedition, Nuclear weapon, Objectivism (Ayn Rand), Occupation of Japan, Occupation of Mongolia, October Revolution, Oleg Kalugin, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, One-party state, Operation Condor, Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova, Patriot Act, Patriotic People's Movement (Finland), People's Action Party of Vietnam, People's Republic of Kampuchea, People's Socialist Republic of Albania, Persecution of Falun Gong, Peter Hitchens, Peter Kropotkin, Petrov Affair, Phạm Văn Đồng, Podolia, Pol Pot, Poland, Polish legislative election, 1989, Polish People's Army, Polish People's Republic, Polish Round Table Agreement, Polish–Soviet War, Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Political repression, Pope, Pope John Paul II, Pope Pius IX, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Poznań 1956 protests, Prague, President of Poland, Prime Minister of Vietnam, Primorsky Krai, Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong), Protestantism, Provisional National Government of Vietnam, Quanta cura, Queensland, Radio France Internationale, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio jamming, Raymond Moley, Reagan Doctrine, Rebellion, Red Army, Republic of Mountainous Armenia, Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Revolution, Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, Revolutions of 1989, Richard Crossman, Richard Wright (author), Richard Wurmbrand, Right-wing politics, Robert W. Welch Jr., Roh Moo-hyun, Romanian anti-communist resistance movement, Romanian Revolution, Ronald Reagan, Rowman & Littlefield, Rundfunk im amerikanischen Sektor, Russian Civil War, Russian Revolution, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Samizdat, School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences, Second International, Second Zhili–Fengtian War, Securitate, Sedition, Seventh World Congress of the Comintern, Show trial, Sidney Hook, Sino-Soviet conflict (1929), Social democracy, Social networking service, Socialism, Socialist Republic of Romania, Solidarity (Polish trade union), South West France (wine region), Soviet dissidents, Soviet Empire, Soviet occupation of Romania, Soviet partisans in Poland, Soviet Union, Soviet–Afghan War, Spanish Civil War, Spartacus, Stalinism, Stanford University Press, State atheism, State Protection Authority, Stéphane Courtois, Stephen Spender, Strategic Defense Initiative, Student activism, SUNY Press, Supreme Court of Judicature of Japan, Taiwan, Tajar Zavalani, Thích Huyền Quang, Thích Quảng Độ, The Black Book of Communism, The Communist Manifesto, The Fatal Conceit, The Gladiators (novel), The God that Failed, The Gulag Archipelago, The Heritage Foundation, The New York Review of Books, The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Weekly Standard, Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, Tianjin, Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun, Toruń, Trade union, Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong, Transylvania, Twitter, United Kingdom, United States, United States embargo against Cuba, University of Texas Press, Uprising in Plzeň (1953), Velvet Revolution, Venona project, Việt Tân, Vichy France, Victoria (Australia), Vietnam, Vietnam War, Vietnamese Constitutional Monarchist League, Vladimir Bukovsky, Vladimir Lenin, Voice of America, Wang Jingwei regime, Warsaw Pact, We the Living, Wehrmacht, Western Europe, White movement, White movement in Transbaikal, White Terror, Whitlam Government, Whittaker Chambers, Will Herberg, World War II, Yugoslavs, Zhili–Anhui War, Zhongnanhai, Zita Seabra, ZOMO, 1959 Tibetan uprising, 1970 Polish protests, 2014 Hong Kong protests. 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"Free Albania" National Committee

"Free Albania" National Committee (Komiteti Kombëtar "Shqipëria e Lirë"), also known as "Free Albania" National-Democratic Committee, also National Committee for a Free Albania or NCFA, was a political organization of post-World War II Albanian emigre in the Western countries.

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A. Mitchell Palmer

Alexander Mitchell Palmer (May 4, 1872 – May 11, 1936), best known as A. Mitchell Palmer, was United States Attorney General from 1919 to 1921.

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Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician, demagogue, and revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (11 December 1918 – 3 August 2008) was a Russian novelist, historian, and short story writer.

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Alger Hiss

Alger Hiss (November 11, 1904 – November 15, 1996) was an American government official who was accused of being a Soviet spy in 1948 and convicted of perjury in connection with this charge in 1950.

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Allegory

As a literary device, an allegory is a metaphor in which a character, place or event is used to deliver a broader message about real-world issues and occurrences.

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Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War

The Allied intervention was a multi-national military expedition launched during the Russian Civil War in 1918.

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Allies of World War II

The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939–1945).

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American Federation of Labor

The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was a national federation of labor unions in the United States founded in Columbus, Ohio, in December 1886 by an alliance of craft unions disaffected from the Knights of Labor, a national labor union.

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American Journal of International Law

The American Journal of International Law is an English-language scholarly journal focusing on international law and international relations.

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Amnesty International

Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a London-based non-governmental organization focused on human rights.

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Anarchism

Anarchism is a political philosophy that advocates self-governed societies based on voluntary institutions.

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Anarcho-communism

Anarcho-communism (also known as anarchist communism, free communism, libertarian communism and communist anarchism) is a theory of anarchism which advocates the abolition of the state, capitalism, wage labour and private property (while retaining respect for personal property) in favor of common ownership of the means of production, direct democracy and a horizontal network of workers' councils with production and consumption based on the guiding principle: "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs".

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Anatoliy Golitsyn

Anatoliy Mikhaylovich Golitsyn CBE (August 25, 1926 – December 29, 2008) was a Soviet KGB defector and author of two books about the long-term deception strategy of the KGB leadership.

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André Gide

André Paul Guillaume Gide (22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French author and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature.

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Anhui clique

The Anhui clique was one of several mutually hostile cliques or factions that split from the Beiyang Clique in the Republic of China's Warlord era.

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Animal Farm

Animal Farm is an allegorical novella by George Orwell, first published in England on 17 August 1945.

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Anti-authoritarianism

Anti-authoritarianism is opposition to authoritarianism, which is defined as "a form of social organisation characterised by submission to authority", "favoring complete obedience or subjection to authority as opposed to individual freedom" and to authoritarian government.

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Anti-Bolshevik propaganda

Anti-Bolshevik propaganda was created in opposition to the events on the Russian political scene.

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Anti-Comintern Pact

The Anti-Comintern Pact was an anti-Communist pact concluded between Germany and Japan (later to be joined by other, mainly fascist, governments) on November 25, 1936, and was directed against the Communist International.

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Anti-communist mass killings

Anti-communist mass killings are the political mass murders of communists, alleged communists, or their alleged supporters by people, political organizations or governments opposed to communism.

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Anti-communist resistance in Poland

Anti-communist resistance in Poland can be divided into two types: the armed partisan struggle, mostly led by former Armia Krajowa and Narodowe Siły Zbrojne soldiers, which ended in the late 1950s (see cursed soldiers), and the non-violent, civil resistance struggle that culminated in the creation and victory of the Solidarity trade union.

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Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1946)

The anti-communist resistance in Poland, also referred to as the Polish anti-Communist insurrection fought between 1944 and 1946 (and up until 1953), was an armed struggle by the Polish Underground against the Soviet takeover of Poland at the end of World War II in Europe.

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Anti-Komintern

Anti-Comintern was a special agency within the Propaganda Ministry under Joseph Goebbels in Nazi Germany charged with administering anti-Soviet propaganda campaign in the mid-nineteen thirties.

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Anti-Leninism

Anti-Leninism is opposition to the political philosophy Leninism as advocated by Vladimir Lenin.

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Anti-Stalinist left

The anti-Stalinist left comprises various kinds of left-wing politics critical of Joseph Stalin, of Stalinism as a political philosophy, and of the actual system of governance Stalin implemented as dictator of the Soviet Union.

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Appeasement

Appeasement in an international context is a diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict.

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April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests

Protests against the April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election results, began on 6 April 2009, in major cities of Moldova (including Bălți and the capital, Chișinău) before the final official results were announced.

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Archbishop

In Christianity, an archbishop (via Latin archiepiscopus, from Greek αρχιεπίσκοπος, from αρχι-, 'chief', and επίσκοπος, 'bishop') is a bishop of higher rank or office.

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Aristeion Prize

The Aristeion Prize was a European literary annual prize.

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Armenian Revolutionary Federation

The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) (classical Հայ Յեղափոխական Դաշնակցութիւն, ՀՅԴ), also known as Dashnaktsutyun (in a short form, Dashnak), is an Armenian nationalist and socialist political party founded in 1890 in Tiflis, Russian Empire (now Tbilisi, Georgia) by Christapor Mikaelian, Stepan Zorian, and Simon Zavarian.

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Arrival and Departure

Arrival and Departure (1943) is the third novel of Arthur Koestler's trilogy concerning the conflict between morality and expediency (as described in the postscript to the novel's 1966 Danube Edition).

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Arthur Koestler

Arthur Koestler, (Kösztler Artúr; 5 September 1905 – 1 March 1983) was a Hungarian-British author and journalist.

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Asia

Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres.

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August 1 Declaration

August 1 Declaration is a declaration made by the Chinese Communist Party under the Seventh World Congress of the Comintern.

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Australian Labor Party

The Australian Labor Party (ALP, also Labor, was Labour before 1912) is a political party in Australia.

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Australian labour movement

The Australian labour movement has its origins in the early 19th century and includes both trade unions and political activity.

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Authoritarianism

Authoritarianism is a form of government characterized by strong central power and limited political freedoms.

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Axis powers

The Axis powers (Achsenmächte; Potenze dell'Asse; 枢軸国 Sūjikukoku), also known as the Axis and the Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, were the nations that fought in World War II against the Allied forces.

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Ayn Rand

Ayn Rand (born Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum; – March 6, 1982) was a Russian-American writer and philosopher.

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B. A. Santamaria

Bartholomew Augustine Santamaria, usually known as B. A. Santamaria (14 August 1915 – 25 February 1998), was an Australian Roman Catholic anti-Communist political activist and journalist.

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Ballistic missile

A ballistic missile follows a ballistic trajectory to deliver one or more warheads on a predetermined target.

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Banat

The Banat is a geographical and historical region in Central Europe that is currently divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of Timiș, Caraș-Severin, Arad south of the Körös/Criș river, and the western part of Mehedinți); the western part in northeastern Serbia (mostly included in Vojvodina, except a part included in the Belgrade Region); and a small northern part lies within southeastern Hungary (Csongrád county).

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Bayard Rustin

Bayard Rustin (March 17, 1912 – August 24, 1987) was an American leader in social movements for civil rights, socialism, nonviolence, and gay rights.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.

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BBC World Service

The BBC World Service, the world's largest international broadcaster, broadcasts radio and television news, speech and discussions in over 30 languages to many parts of the world on analogue and digital shortwave platforms, Internet streaming, podcasting, satellite, DAB, FM and MW relays.

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Beijing Spring

The Beijing Spring refers to a brief period of political liberalization in the People's Republic of China (PRC) which occurred in 1978 and 1979.

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Bella Dodd

Bella Dodd (née Visono; 1904 – 29 April 1969, The Pittsburgh Press (archived at Google), 30 April 1969: "Dr. Bella V. Dodd...died in New York yesterday...") was a member of the Communist Party of America (CPUSA) in the 1930s and 1940s who later became a vocal anti-communist.

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Benito Mussolini

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who was the leader of the National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista, PNF).

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Bert Cremean

Herbert Michael "Bert" Cremean (8 May 1900 – 24 May 1945) was an Australian politician.

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Bhikkhu

A bhikkhu (from Pali, Sanskrit: bhikṣu) is an ordained male monastic ("monk") in Buddhism.

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Blacklisting

Blacklisting is the action of a group or authority, compiling a blacklist (or black list) of people, countries or other entities to be avoided or distrusted as not being acceptable to those making the list.

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Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki (p; derived from bol'shinstvo (большинство), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority"), were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

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Boris Pasternak

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak (|p|æ|s|t|ər|ˌ|n|æ|k) (29 January 1890 - 30 May 1960) was a Soviet Russian poet, novelist, and literary translator.

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Brazilian Integralism

Brazilian integralism (integralismo) was a fascist political movement in Brazil, created in October 1932.

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Budapest

Budapest is the capital and the most populous city of Hungary, and one of the largest cities in the European Union.

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Buddhist Sangha of Vietnam

The Buddhist Sangha of Vietnam (abbreviated as BSV, Vietnamese: Giáo hội Phật giáo Việt Nam) is the only Buddhist Sangha recognised by the Vietnamese government and is a member of the Vietnamese Fatherland Front.

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Byline

The byline on a newspaper or magazine article gives the name of the writer of the article.

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Cambodia

Cambodia (កម្ពុជា, or Kampuchea:, Cambodge), officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia (ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា, prĕəh riəciənaacak kampuciə,; Royaume du Cambodge), is a sovereign state located in the southern portion of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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Camillo Berneri

Camillo Berneri (also known as Camillo da Lodi; May 28, 1897, Lodi – May 5, 1937, Barcelona) was an Italian professor of philosophy, anarchist militant, propagandist and theorist.

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Capitalism

Capitalism is an economic system based upon private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.

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Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal

Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal is a collection of essays, mostly by Ayn Rand, with additional essays by her associates Nathaniel Branden, Alan Greenspan, and Robert Hessen.

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Carl Hatch

Carl Atwood Hatch (November 27, 1889September 15, 1963) was a Democratic Party politician from New Mexico who represented New Mexico in the United States Senate from 1933 until 1949, and was later a United States federal judge.

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Carpathian Mountains

The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a mountain range system forming an arc roughly long across Central and Eastern Europe, making them the second-longest mountain range in Europe (after the Scandinavian Mountains). They provide the habitat for the largest European populations of brown bears, wolves, chamois, and lynxes, with the highest concentration in Romania, as well as over one third of all European plant species.

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Catechism of the Catholic Church

The Catechism of the Catholic Church (Catechismus Catholicae Ecclesiae; commonly called the Catechism or the CCC) is a catechism promulgated for the Catholic Church by Pope John Paul II in 1992.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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Censorship

Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information, on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient" as determined by government authorities.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT).

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Charlie Chaplin

Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film.

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Charter 08

Charter 08 is a manifesto initially signed by 303 Chinese intellectuals and human rights activists.

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Charter 77

Charter 77 (Charta 77 in Czech and in Slovak) was an informal civic initiative in communist Czechoslovakia from 1976 to 1992, named after the document Charter 77 from January 1977.

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Chen Jian (academic)

Chen Jian is Hu Shih Professor of History and China-US Relations at Cornell University.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Chinese Civil War

The Chinese Civil War was a war fought between the Kuomintang (KMT)-led government of the Republic of China and the Communist Party of China (CPC).

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Chinese democracy movement

The Chinese democracy movement, abbreviated as Minyun, refers to a series of loosely organized political movements in the People's Republic of China against the continued one-party rule by the Communist Party.

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Chinese Eastern Railway

The Chinese Eastern Railway or CER,, Dōngqīng Tiělù; Китайско-Восточная железная дорога or КВЖД, Kitaysko-Vostochnaya Zheleznaya Doroga or KVZhD), also known as the Chinese Far East Railway and North Manchuria Railway, is the historical name for a railway across Manchuria (northeastern China).

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Clement Attlee

Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, (3 January 1883 – 8 October 1967) was a British statesman of the Labour Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955.

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Cliveden set

The Cliveden Set were a 1930s, upper class group of prominent individuals politically influential in pre-World War II Britain, who were in the circle of Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor.

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Coercion

Coercion is the practice of forcing another party to act in an involuntary manner by use of threats or force.

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Cold War

The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).

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Columbia University

Columbia University (Columbia; officially Columbia University in the City of New York), established in 1754, is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City.

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Communism

In political and social sciences, communism (from Latin communis, "common, universal") is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.

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Communist Control Act of 1954

The Communist Control Act (68 Stat. 775, 50 U.S.C. 841-844) is a piece of United States federal legislation, signed into law by President Dwight Eisenhower on 24 August 1954, which outlaws the Communist Party of the United States and criminalizes membership in, or support for the Party or "Communist-action" organizations and defines evidence to be considered by a jury in determining participation in the activities, planning, actions, objectives, or purposes of such organizations.

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Communist International

The Communist International (Comintern), known also as the Third International (1919–1943), was an international communist organization that advocated world communism.

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Communist Party of China

The Communist Party of China (CPC), also referred to as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China.

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Communist Party of Germany

The Communist Party of Germany (Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands, KPD) was a major political party in Germany between 1918 and 1933, and a minor party in West Germany in the postwar period until it was banned in 1956.

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Communist Party of Indonesia

The Communist Party of Indonesia (Indonesian: Partai Komunis Indonesia, PKI) was a communist party in Indonesia that existed throughout the mid-20th century.

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Communist Party USA

The Communist Party USA (CPUSA) is a communist political party in the United States established in 1919 after a split in the Socialist Party of America.

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Communist society

In Marxist thought, communist society or the communist system is the type of society and economic system postulated to emerge from technological advances in the productive forces, representing the ultimate goal of the political ideology of Communism.

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Congress of Industrial Organizations

The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) was a federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the United States and Canada from 1935 to 1955.

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Congressional Research Service

The Congressional Research Service (CRS), known as Congress's think tank, is a public policy research arm of the United States Congress.

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Conservatism

Conservatism is a political and social philosophy promoting traditional social institutions in the context of culture and civilization.

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Constitutional Right Party

The Constitutional Right Party (Perustuslaillinen Oikeistopuolue, Konstitutionella högerpartiet, from 1973 to 1980 Constitutional People's Party (Perustuslaillinen Kansanpuolue, Konstitutionella Folkpartiet).) was an anticommunist political party in Finland.

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Containment

Containment is a geopolitical strategy to stop the expansion of an enemy.

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Continuation War

The Continuation War was a conflict fought by Finland and Nazi Germany, as co-belligerents, against the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1941 to 1944, during World War II.

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Contras

The Contras were the various U.S.-backed and funded right-wing rebel groups that were active from 1979 to the early 1990s in opposition to the socialist Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction government in Nicaragua.

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Criticism of communist party rule

The actions by governments of communist states have been subject to criticism.

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Criticisms of anarchism

Critics of anarchism include allegations of utopianism, tacit authoritarianism, and vandalism towards feats of civilization.

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Criticisms of Marxism

Criticisms of Marxism have come from various political ideologies and academic disciplines.

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Criticisms of socialism

Criticism of socialism refers to any critique of socialist models of economic organization and their feasibility as well as the political and social implications of adopting such a system.

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Cursed soldiers

The "cursed soldiers" (also known as "doomed soldiers", "accursed soldiers" or "damned soldiers"; Żołnierze wyklęci) or "indomitable soldiers" is a term applied to a variety of Polish anti-Soviet or anti-communist Polish resistance movements formed in the later stages of World War II and its aftermath by some members of the Polish Underground State.

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Czortków uprising

The Czortków uprising (Powstanie Czortkowskie) was a failed attempt at resisting Soviet state repressions by the young anti-Soviet Poles most of whom were prewar students from the local high school.

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Darkness at Noon

Darkness at Noon (Sonnenfinsternis) is a novel by Hungarian-born British novelist Arthur Koestler, first published in 1940.

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David Kilgour

David William Kilgour, (born February 18, 1941) is a human rights activist, author, former lawyer and Canadian politician.

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David Matas

David Matas (born 29 August 1943) is the senior legal counsel of B'nai Brith Canada.

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Decommunization

Decommunization is a process of dismantling the legacies of the communist state establishments, culture, and psychology in the post-communist states.

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Demands of Hungarian Revolutionaries of 1956

On October 22, 1956, a group of Hungarian students compiled a list of sixteen points containing key national policy demands.

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Democracy

Democracy (δημοκρατία dēmokraa thetía, literally "rule by people"), in modern usage, has three senses all for a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting.

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Democratic Labor Party (historical)

The Democratic Labor Party (DLP) was an Australian political party.

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Democratic Labour Party (Australia)

The Democratic Labour Party (DLP) is a political party in Australia of the labour tradition that espouses social conservatism and opposes neo-liberalism.

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Democratic socialism

Democratic socialism is a political philosophy that advocates political democracy alongside social ownership of the means of production with an emphasis on self-management and/or democratic management of economic institutions within a market socialist, participatory or decentralized planned economy.

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Deutsche Welle

Deutsche Welle ("German wave" in German) or DW is Germany's public international broadcaster.

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Dictatorship of the proletariat

In Marxist sociopolitical thought, the dictatorship of the proletariat refers to a state in which the proletariat, or the working class, has control of political power.

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Dissident

A dissident, broadly defined, is a person who actively challenges an established doctrine, policy, or institution.

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Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 26, 1991, officially granting self-governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union.

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Doctor Zhivago (novel)

Doctor Zhivagois a novel by Boris Pasternak, first published in 1957 in Italy.

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Eastern Bloc

The Eastern Bloc was the group of socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe, generally the Soviet Union and the countries of the Warsaw Pact.

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Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe is the eastern part of the European continent.

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Editorial cartoon

An editorial cartoon, also known as a political cartoon, is a drawing containing a commentary expressing the artist's opinion.

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Election

An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office.

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Electoral system of Australia

The Australian electoral system comprises the laws and processes used for the election of members of the Australian Parliament.

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Elena Ceaușescu

Elena Ceaușescu (née Lenuța Petrescu; 7 January 1916 – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian communist politician who was the wife of Nicolae Ceaușescu, President of the Socialist Republic of Romania.

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Emma Goldman

Emma Goldman (1869May 14, 1940) was an anarchist political activist and writer.

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Empire of Japan

The was the historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 to the enactment of the 1947 constitution of modern Japan.

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Encyclical

An encyclical was originally a circular letter sent to all the churches of a particular area in the ancient Roman Church.

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Epoch Times

Epoch Times is a multi-language newspaper headquartered in New York City.

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Esztergom

Esztergom (Gran, Ostrihom, known by alternative names), is a city in northern Hungary, northwest of the capital Budapest.

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Ethan Gutmann

Ethan Gutmann is a US investigative writer, human rights defender, China watcher, author, and a former adjunct fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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Evil Empire speech

The phrase "evil empire" was first applied to the Soviet Union in 1983 by U.S. President Ronald Reagan, who took an aggressive, hard-line stance that favored matching and exceeding the Soviet Union's strategic and global military capabilities, in calling for a rollback strategy that would, in his words, "write the final pages of the history of the Soviet Union".

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Excommunication

Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain rights within it, in particular receiving of the sacraments.

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Falun Gong

Falun Gong or Falun Dafa (Standard Mandarin Chinese:; literally, "Dharma Wheel Practice" or "Law Wheel Practice") is a modern Chinese spiritual practice that combines meditation and qigong exercises with a moral philosophy centered on the tenets of truthfulness, compassion, and forbearance.

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Far Eastern Republic

The Far Eastern Republic (p), sometimes called the Chita Republic, was a nominally independent state that existed from April 1920 to November 1922 in the easternmost part of the Russian Far East.

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Fascism

Fascism is a form of radical authoritarian ultranationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and control of industry and commerce, which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe.

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February Revolution

The February Revolution (p), known in Soviet historiography as the February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution, was the first of two revolutions which took place in Russia in 1917.

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February Uprising

The February Uprising (classical Փետրուարեան ապստամբութիւն, reformed: Փետրվարյան ապստամբություն, P'etrvaryan apstambut'yun) was an anti-Bolshevik rebellion by the nationalist Armenian Revolutionary Federation which started on February 13 and was suppressed on April 2, 1921 by the recapture of Yerevan by Bolshevik forces.

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Fengtian clique

The Fengtian Clique was one of several mutually hostile cliques or factions that split from the Beiyang Clique in the Republic of China's Warlord Era.

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FET y de las JONS

The Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista (FET y de las JONS) (English: Traditionalist Spanish Phalanx and of the Councils of the National-Syndicalist Offensive) was the sole legal party of the Francoist State in Spain.

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First Red Scare

The First Red Scare was a period during the early 20th-century history of the United States marked by a widespread fear of Bolshevism and anarchism, due to real and imagined events; real events included those such as the Russian Revolution and anarchist bombings.

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First Republic of Armenia

The First Republic of Armenia, officially known at the time of its existence as the Republic of Armenia (classical Հայաստանի Հանրապետութիւն), was the first modern Armenian state since the loss of Armenian statehood in the Middle Ages.

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Francisco Franco

Francisco Franco Bahamonde (4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a military dictator from 1939, after the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War, until his death in 1975.

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Frank Meyer (political philosopher)

Frank Straus Meyer (1909–1972) was an American philosopher and political activist best known for his theory of "fusionism" – a political philosophy that unites elements of libertarianism and traditionalism into a philosophical synthesis which is posited as the definition of modern American conservatism.

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Franz Werfel Human Rights Award

The Franz Werfel Human Rights Award (Franz-Werfel-Menschenrechtspreis) is a human rights award of the German Federation of Expellees' Centre Against Expulsions project.

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Free market

In economics, a free market is an idealized system in which the prices for goods and services are determined by the open market and consumers, in which the laws and forces of supply and demand are free from any intervention by a government, price-setting monopoly, or other authority.

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Freedom of speech

Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or sanction.

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Freedom Road Socialist Organization

The Freedom Road Socialist Organization (FRSO) was formed in 1985 as many of the Maoist-oriented groups formed in the United States New Communist Movement of the 1970s were shrinking or collapsing.

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Friedrich Ebert

Friedrich Ebert (4 February 1871 28 February 1925) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the first President of Germany from 1919 until his death in office in 1925.

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Friedrich Engels

Friedrich Engels (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.;, sometimes anglicised Frederick Engels; 28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895) was a German philosopher, social scientist, journalist and businessman.

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Friedrich Hayek

Friedrich August von Hayek (8 May 189923 March 1992), often referred to by his initials F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian-British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism.

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Fumimaro Konoe

Prince was a Japanese politician in the Empire of Japan who served as the 34th, 38th and 39th Prime Minister of Japan and founder/leader of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association.

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Garegin Nzhdeh

Garegin Ter-Harutyunyan (Գարեգին Տէր-Յարութիւնեան) better known by his nom de guerre Garegin Nzhdeh (Գարեգին Նժդեհ) (1 January 1886 – 21 December 1955) was an Armenian statesman and military strategist.

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General strike

A general strike (or mass strike) is a strike action in which a substantial proportion of the total labour force in a city, region, or country participates.

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Genocide law (Albania)

The law "On Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity Committed in Albania during the Communist Regime for Political, Ideological and Religious Motives" (Nr. 8001, September 22, 1995)"The OMRI annual survey of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, 1995",, 1996,, the text of the introductory provisions of the law, translated from the "Official Journal of the Republic of Albania", no.

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Genrikh Lyushkov

Genrikh Samoilovich Lyushkov (Генрих Самойлович Люшков; 1900 – disappeared August 1945) was an officer in the Soviet secret police and its highest-ranking defector.

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George Orwell

Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist and critic whose work is marked by lucid prose, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism and outspoken support of democratic socialism.

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George W. Bush

George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009.

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Germans of Romania

The Germans of Romania or Rumäniendeutsche are an ethnic group of Romania.

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Government of Free Vietnam

The Government of Free Vietnam (GFCL; Chính Phủ Lâm Thời Việt Nam Tự Do) was an unrecognized government in exile of a hypothetical Federal Republic of Vietnam.

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Grassroots

A grassroots movement (often referenced in the context of a left-wing political movement) is one which uses the people in a given district, region, or community as the basis for a political or economic movement.

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Great Depression

The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.

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Great Purge

The Great Purge or the Great Terror (Большо́й терро́р) was a campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union which occurred from 1936 to 1938.

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Grigory Mikhaylovich Semyonov

Grigory Mikhaylovich Semyonov, or Semenov (Григо́рий Миха́йлович Семёнов; September 13 (25), 1890 – August 30, 1946), was a Japanese-supported leader of the White movement in Transbaikal and beyond from December 1917 to November 1920, Lieutenant General and Ataman of Baikal Cossacks (1919).

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Gulag

The Gulag (ГУЛАГ, acronym of Главное управление лагерей и мест заключения, "Main Camps' Administration" or "Chief Administration of Camps") was the government agency in charge of the Soviet forced labor camp system that was created under Vladimir Lenin and reached its peak during Joseph Stalin's rule from the 1930s to the 1950s.

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H. L. Mencken

Henry Louis Mencken (September 12, 1880 – January 29, 1956) was an American journalist, satirist, cultural critic and scholar of American English.

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H. V. Evatt

Herbert Vere Evatt, (30 April 1894 – 2 November 1965), usually known as H. V. Evatt or Bert Evatt, and often as "Doc" Evatt on account of his Doctor of Laws (LLD) degree, was an Australian judge, lawyer, parliamentarian and writer. Evatt was a Justice of the High Court of Australia from 1930 to 1940; Attorney-General and Minister for External Affairs from 1941 to 1949; the third President of the United Nations General Assembly from 1948 to 1949, when he helped to draft the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; Leader of the Australian Labor Party (and Leader of the Opposition) from 1951 to 1960; and Chief Justice of New South Wales from 1960 to 1962.

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Hajduk

A hajduk is a type of peasant irregular infantry found in Central and Southeast Europe from the early 17th to mid 19th centuries.

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Hanoi

Hanoi (or; Hà Nội)) is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second largest city by population. The population in 2015 was estimated at 7.7 million people. The city lies on the right bank of the Red River. Hanoi is north of Ho Chi Minh City and west of Hai Phong city. From 1010 until 1802, it was the most important political centre of Vietnam. It was eclipsed by Huế, the imperial capital of Vietnam during the Nguyễn Dynasty (1802–1945). In 1873 Hanoi was conquered by the French. From 1883 to 1945, the city was the administrative center of the colony of French Indochina. The French built a modern administrative city south of Old Hanoi, creating broad, perpendicular tree-lined avenues of opera, churches, public buildings, and luxury villas, but they also destroyed large parts of the city, shedding or reducing the size of lakes and canals, while also clearing out various imperial palaces and citadels. From 1940 to 1945 Hanoi, as well as the largest part of French Indochina and Southeast Asia, was occupied by the Japanese. On September 2, 1945, Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). The Vietnamese National Assembly under Ho Chi Minh decided on January 6, 1946, to make Hanoi the capital of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. From 1954 to 1976, it was the capital of North Vietnam, and it became the capital of a reunified Vietnam in 1976, after the North's victory in the Vietnam War. October 2010 officially marked 1,000 years since the establishment of the city. The Hanoi Ceramic Mosaic Mural is a ceramic mosaic mural created to mark the occasion.

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Harbin Russians

The term Harbin Russians or Russian Harbinites refers to several generations of Russians who lived in the city of Harbin, in Manchuria from approximately 1898 to the mid-1960s.

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Hatch Act of 1939

The Hatch Act of 1939, officially An Act to Prevent Pernicious Political Activities, is a United States federal law whose main provision prohibits employees in the executive branch of the federal government, except the president, vice-president, and certain designated high-level officials, from engaging in some forms of political activity.

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Herta Müller

Herta Müller (born 17 August 1953) is a Romanian-born German novelist, poet, essayist and recipient of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Literature.

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History of Czechoslovakia (1948–89)

From the Communist coup d'état in February 1948 to the Velvet Revolution in 1989, Czechoslovakia was ruled by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Czech: Komunistická strana Československa, KSČ).

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Hollywood

Hollywood is a neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California.

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House arrest

In justice and law, house arrest (also called home confinement, home detention, or, in modern times, electronic monitoring) is a measure by which a person is confined by the authorities to a residence.

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House Un-American Activities Committee

The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC, or House Committee on Un-American Activities, or HCUA) was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives.

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Huanggutun incident

The Huanggutun Incident, or, was an assassination plotted and committed on June 4, 1928, by the Japanese Kwantung Army that targeted Fengtian warlord Zhang Zuolin.

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Human rights

Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, December 13, 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,, Retrieved August 14, 2014 that describe certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights in municipal and international law.

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Human sexuality

Human sexuality is the way people experience and express themselves sexually.

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Hungarian Parliament Building

The Hungarian Parliament Building (Országház,, which translates to House of the Country or House of the Nation), also known as the Parliament of Budapest after its location, is the seat of the National Assembly of Hungary, a notable landmark of Hungary and a popular tourist destination in Budapest.

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Hungarian People's Republic

The Hungarian People's Republic (Magyar Népköztársaság) was a one-party socialist republic (communist state) from 20 August 1949 to 23 October 1989.

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Hungarian Revolution of 1956

The Hungarian Revolution of 1956, or Hungarian Uprising of 1956 (1956-os forradalom or 1956-os felkelés), was a nationwide revolt against the Marxist-Leninist government of the Hungarian People's Republic and its Soviet-imposed policies, lasting from 23 October until 10 November 1956.

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Hungary–Soviet Union relations

Hungarian–Soviet relations were characterized by political interventions by the Soviet Union in internal Hungarian politics for 45 years, the length of the Cold War.

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Ian Kershaw

Sir Ian Kershaw, FBA (born 29 April 1943) is an English historian and author whose work has chiefly focused on the social history of 20th-century Germany.

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Ideological restrictions on naturalization in U.S. law

There have long been ideological restrictions on naturalization in U.S. law.

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Ignazio Silone

Ignazio Silone (1 May 1900 – 22 August 1978) was the pseudonym of Secondino Tranquilli, a political leader, Italian novelist, and short-story writer, world famous during World War II for his powerful anti-Fascist novels.

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Individualism

Individualism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual.

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Indonesia

Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.

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Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966

The Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 (also variously known as the Indonesian massacres, Indonesian genocide, Indonesian Communist Purge, Indonesian politicide, or the 1965 Tragedy) were large-scale killings and civil unrest which occurred in Indonesia over several months, targeting communist sympathizers, ethnic Chinese and alleged leftists, often at the instigation of the armed forces and government.

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Industrial Groups

The Industrial Groups were groups formed by the Australian Labor Party (ALP) in the late 1940s, to combat Communist Party influence in the trade unions.

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Intellectual

An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about society and proposes solutions for its normative problems.

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International Dublin Literary Award

The International Dublin Literary Award (Duais Liteartha Idirnáisiúnta Bhaile Átha Chliath) is an international literary award presented each year for a novel written in English or translated into English.

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International Entente Against the Third International

The International Entente Against the Third International (Entente internationale contre la III:e internationale, after 1938 the International Anticommunist Entente, Entente Internationale Anticommuniste EIA) was an international anti-communist organisation based in Geneva, Switzerland.

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Internet censorship in China

Internet censorship in China is among the most extensive in the world due to a wide variety of laws and administrative regulations.

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Invasion of Poland

The Invasion of Poland, known in Poland as the September Campaign (Kampania wrześniowa) or the 1939 Defensive War (Wojna obronna 1939 roku), and in Germany as the Poland Campaign (Polenfeldzug) or Fall Weiss ("Case White"), was a joint invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, the Free City of Danzig, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the beginning of World War II.

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Irish Americans

Irish Americans (Gael-Mheiriceánaigh) are an ethnic group comprising Americans who have full or partial ancestry from Ireland, especially those who identify with that ancestry, along with their cultural characteristics.

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Iron Curtain

The Iron Curtain was the name for the boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991.

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Irving Howe

Irving Howe (June 11, 1920 – May 5, 1993) was a Jewish American literary and social critic and a prominent figure of the Democratic Socialists of America.

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Irving Kristol

Irving Kristol (January 22, 1920 – September 18, 2009) was an American journalist who was dubbed the "godfather of neoconservatism".

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Italian Fascism

Italian Fascism (fascismo italiano), also known simply as Fascism, is the original fascist ideology as developed in Italy.

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J. Patrice McSherry

J.

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James Burnham

James Burnham (November 22, 1905 – July 28, 1987) was an American philosopher and political theorist.

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Jay Nordlinger

Jay Nordlinger is an American journalist.

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Józef Franczak

Józef Franczak (17 March 1918 – 21 October 1963) was a soldier of the Polish Army, Armia Krajowa World War II resistance, and last of the cursed soldiers – members of the militant anti-communist resistance in Poland.

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József Mindszenty

József Cardinal Mindszenty (29 March 18926 May 1975) was the Prince Primate, Archbishop of Esztergom, cardinal, and leader of the Catholic Church in Hungary from 2 October 1945 to 18 December 1973.

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Jews

Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.

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Joachim Fest

Joachim Clemens Fest (8 December 1926 – 11 September 2006) was a German historian, journalist, critic, and editor best known for his writings and public commentary on Nazi Germany, including an important biography of Adolf Hitler and books about Albert Speer and the German Resistance to Nazism.

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John Birch Society

The John Birch Society (JBS) is a self-described conservative advocacy group supporting anti-communism and limited government.

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John Chamberlain (journalist)

John Rensselaer Chamberlain (October 28, 1903 – April 9, 1995) was an American journalist, business and economic historian, syndicated columnist and literary critic.

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John Dos Passos

John Roderigo Dos Passos (January 14, 1896 – September 28, 1970) was an American novelist and artist active in the first half of the twentieth century.

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John Maynard Keynes

John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes (5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946), was a British economist whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments.

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John Patrick Diggins

John Patrick Diggins (April 1, 1935 – January 28, 2009) was a professor of history at the City University of New York Graduate Center, the author of more than a dozen books on widely varied subjects in American intellectual history.

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John W. Dower

John W. Dower (born June 21, 1938 in Providence, Rhode Island) is an American author and historian.

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Joseph Goebbels

Paul Joseph Goebbels (29 October 1897 – 1 May 1945) was a German Nazi politician and Reich Minister of Propaganda of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Georgian nationality.

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Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were United States citizens who spied for the Soviet Union and were tried, convicted, and executed by the Federal government of the United States.

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Karl Marx

Karl MarxThe name "Karl Heinrich Marx", used in various lexicons, is based on an error.

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Kevin Boyle (lawyer)

Christopher Kevin Boyle (23 May 1943 – 25 December 2010) was a Northern Ireland-born human rights activist, barrister and educator.

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KGB

The KGB, an initialism for Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti (p), translated in English as Committee for State Security, was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 1954 until its break-up in 1991.

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Khmer Rouge

The Khmer Rouge ("Red Khmers"; ខ្មែរក្រហម Khmer Kror-Horm) was the name popularly given to the followers of the Communist Party of Kampuchea and by extension to the regime through which the CPK ruled Cambodia between 1975 and 1979.

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Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation

The Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation (KKF) (1985) is an organization self-declared representing the Indigenous Khmer-Krom Peoples living in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, internationally advocating for human rights, religious freedom and self determination.

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Kilgour–Matas report

The Kilgour–Matas report is a 2006/2007 investigative report into allegations of live organ harvesting in China conducted by Canadian MP David Kilgour and human rights lawyer David Matas.

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Kim Dae-jung

Kim Dae-jung, or Kim Dae Jung (6 January 192418 August 2009), was a South Korean politician who served as President of South Korea from 1998 to 2003.

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Kirkpatrick Doctrine

The Kirkpatrick Doctrine was the doctrine expounded by United States Ambassador to the United Nations Jeane Kirkpatrick in the early 1980s based on her 1979 essay, "Dictatorships and Double Standards".

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Kleist Prize

The Kleist Prize is an annual German literature prize.

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Konstantinos Speras

Konstantinos Speras (Κώστας Σπέρας, 1893–1943) was a Greek anarcho-syndicalist who later published his experiences in the 1916 Serifos strike.

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Korean Air Lines Flight 007

Korean Air Lines Flight 007 (also known as KAL007 and KE007)KAL 007 was used by air traffic control, while the public flight booking system used KE 007 was a scheduled Korean Air Lines flight from New York City to Seoul via Anchorage, Alaska.

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Korean War

The Korean War (in South Korean, "Korean War"; in North Korean, "Fatherland: Liberation War"; 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953) was a war between North Korea (with the support of China and the Soviet Union) and South Korea (with the principal support of the United States).

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Ku Klux Klan

The Ku Klux Klan, commonly called the KKK or simply the Klan, refers to three distinct secret movements at different points in time in the history of the United States.

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Kuomintang

The Kuomintang of China (KMT; often translated as the Nationalist Party of China) is a major political party in the Republic of China on Taiwan, based in Taipei and is currently the opposition political party in the Legislative Yuan.

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Labour Party (UK)

The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom.

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Laissez-faire

Laissez-faire (from) is an economic system in which transactions between private parties are free from government intervention such as regulation, privileges, tariffs and subsidies.

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Laos

Laos (ລາວ,, Lāo; Laos), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao; République démocratique populaire lao), commonly referred to by its colloquial name of Muang Lao (Lao: ເມືອງລາວ, Muang Lao), is a landlocked country in the heart of the Indochinese peninsula of Mainland Southeast Asia, bordered by Myanmar (Burma) and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southwest and Thailand to the west and southwest.

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Lapua Movement

The Lapua Movement (Lapuan liike, Lapporörelsen) was a Finnish radical nationalist and anti-communist political movement founded in and named after the town of Lapua.

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Larry McDonald

Lawrence Patton McDonald (April 1, 1935 – September 1, 1983) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Georgia's 7th congressional district as a Democrat from 1975 until he was killed while a passenger on board Korean Air Lines Flight 007 when it was shot down by Soviet interceptors.

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Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881

The Law on the Freedom of the Press of 29 July 1881 (Loi sur la liberté de la presse du 29 juillet 1881), often called the Press Law of 1881 or the Lisbonne Law after its rapporteur, Eugène Lisbonne, is a law that defines the freedoms and responsibilities of the media and publishers in France.

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Le Monde

Le Monde (The World) is a French daily afternoon newspaper founded by Hubert Beuve-Méry at the request of Charles de Gaulle (as Chairman of the Provisional Government of the French Republic) on 19 December 1944, shortly after the Liberation of Paris, and published continuously since its first edition.

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Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism

The Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism (Légion des volontaires français contre le bolchévisme, or simply Légion des volontaires français, LVF) was a collaborationist militia of Vichy France founded on 8 July 1941.

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Leszek Kołakowski

Leszek Kołakowski (23 October 1927 – 17 July 2009) was a Polish philosopher and historian of ideas.

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Lev Chernyi

Lev Chernyi (a; died September 21, 1921) was a Russian individualist anarchist theorist, activist and poet, and a leading figure of the Third Russian Revolution.

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Liberal Party of Australia

The Liberal Party of Australia is a major centre-right political party in Australia, one of the two major parties in Australian politics, along with the centre-left Australian Labor Party (ALP).

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Liberalism

Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty and equality.

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Localist groups (Hong Kong)

Localist groups are a loose umbrella term referring to various groups with localist ideologies in Hong Kong.

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Louis Fischer

Louis Fischer (29 February 1896 – 15 January 1970) was a Jewish-American journalist.

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Ludwig von Mises

Ludwig Heinrich Edler von Mises (29 September 1881 – 10 October 1973) was an Austrian-American theoretical Austrian School economist.

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Lusk Committee

The Joint Legislative Committee to Investigate Seditious Activities, popularly known as the Lusk Committee, was formed in 1919 by the New York State Legislature to investigate individuals and organizations in New York State suspected of sedition.

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Magyar Rádió

Magyar Rádió (MR, The Hungarian Radio Corporation, also known internationally as Radio Budapest) is Hungary's publicly funded radio broadcasting organization.

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Main Currents of Marxism

Main Currents of Marxism: Its Origins, Growth and Dissolution (Główne nurty marksizmu.) is a work about Marxism by the political philosopher Leszek Kołakowski.

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Mainichi Shimbun

The is one of the major newspapers in Japan, published by.

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Malaysia

Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia.

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Manchukuo

Manchukuo was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia from 1932 until 1945.

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Manifesto

A manifesto is a published verbal declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group, political party or government.

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Manuel Azaña

Manuel Azaña Díaz (10 January 1880 – 3 November 1940) was the second Prime Minister of the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1933), and later served again as Prime Minister (1936), and then as the second and last President of the Republic (1936–1939).

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Maoism

Maoism, known in China as Mao Zedong Thought, is a political theory derived from the teachings of the Chinese political leader Mao Zedong, whose followers are known as Maoists.

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Martial law in Poland

Martial law in Poland (Stan wojenny w Polsce) refers to the period of time from December 13, 1981 to July 22, 1983, when the authoritarian communist government of the Polish People's Republic drastically restricted normal life by introducing martial law in an attempt to crush political opposition.

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Martinus Nijhoff Publishers

Martinus Nijhoff Publishers was an independent academic publishing company dating back to the nineteenth century, which is now an imprint of Brill Publishers.

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Marxism

Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation.

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Mass killings under communist regimes

Mass killings occurred under several twentieth-century Communist regimes.

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Max Eastman

Max Forrester Eastman (January 4, 1883 – March 25, 1969) was an American writer on literature, philosophy and society, a poet and a prominent political activist.

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Max Shachtman

Max Shachtman (September 10, 1904 – November 4, 1972) was an American Marxist theorist.

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McCarran Internal Security Act

The Internal Security Act of 1950, (Public Law 81-831), also known as the Subversive Activities Control Act of 1950 or the McCarran Act, after its principal sponsor Sen.

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McCarthyism

McCarthyism is the practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence.

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Means of production

In economics and sociology, the means of production (also called capital goods) are physical non-human and non-financial inputs used in the production of economic value.

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Memorials for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

In the days following the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, many memorials and vigils were held around the world.

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Midhat Frashëri

Mid’hat Frashëri (also known by his nom de plume as Lumo Skëndo; Fraşerli Mithat Bey; March 25, 1880, Janina, Janina Vilayet, Ottoman Empire – October 3, 1949, Long Island, New York) was an Albanian diplomat, writer and politician.

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Milicja Obywatelska

Milicja Obywatelska (Citizens' Militia or Civic Militia) was the national police of the People's Republic of Poland.

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Military dictatorship

A military dictatorship (also known as a military junta) is a form of government where in a military force exerts complete or substantial control over political authority.

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Militia

A militia is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a nation, or subjects of a state, who can be called upon for military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of regular, full-time military personnel, or historically, members of a warrior nobility class (e.g., knights or samurai).

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Milovan Djilas

Milovan Djilas (Milovan Đilas/Милован Ђилас; 12 June 1911 – 20 April 1995) was a Yugoslav communist politician, theorist and author.

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Milton Friedman

Milton Friedman (July 31, 1912 – November 16, 2006) was an American economist who received the 1976 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his research on consumption analysis, monetary history and theory, and the complexity of stabilization policy.

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Moldova

Moldova (or sometimes), officially the Republic of Moldova (Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south (by way of the disputed territory of Transnistria).

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Moneron Island

Moneron Island, (Монерон, 海馬島 Kaibato, Ainu: Todomoshiri) is a small island located off Sakhalin Island.

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Montagnard Foundation, Inc.

Montagnard Foundation, Inc. (Tổ chức Quỹ người Thượng) is an anti-communist organization that claims to protect the rights of the Montagnard people.

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Morrie Ryskind

Morrie Ryskind (October 20, 1895 – August 24, 1985) was an American dramatist, lyricist and writer of theatrical productions and motion pictures, who became a conservative political activist later in life.

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Moscow Trials

The Moscow Trials were a series of trials held in the Soviet Union at the instigation of Joseph Stalin between 1936 and 1938 against so-called Trotskyists and members of Right Opposition of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

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Mujahideen

Mujahideen (مجاهدين) is the plural form of mujahid (مجاهد), the term for one engaged in Jihad (literally, "holy war").

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My Disillusionment in Russia

My Disillusionment in Russia is a book by Emma Goldman, published in 1923 by Doubleday, Page & Co.

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National Archives of Japan

The preserve Japanese government documents and historical records and make them available to the public.

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National Committee for a Free Europe

The National Committee for a Free Europe, later known as Free Europe Committee, was an anti-communist Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) front organization, founded on June 1, 1949, in New York City, which worked for the spreading of American influence in Europe and to oppose the Soviet one.

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National Legion of Decency

The National Legion of Decency, also known as the Catholic Legion of Decency, was founded in 1933 as an organization dedicated to identifying and combating objectionable content in motion pictures from the point of view of the American Catholic Church.

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Nationalism

Nationalism is a political, social, and economic system characterized by the promotion of the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining sovereignty (self-governance) over the homeland.

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Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)

The Nationalist faction (Bando nacional) or Rebel faction (Bando sublevado) was a major faction in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939.

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Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam

The Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam (in Vietnamese, Đại Việt Quốc dân đảng), often known simply as Đại Việt or DVQDD, was a nationalist and anti-communist political party and militant organisation that was active in Vietnam in the 20th century.

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NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord; OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries.

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Naxalite–Maoist insurgency

The Naxalite–Maoist insurgency is an ongoing conflict between Maoist groups, known as Naxalites or Naxals, and the Indian government.

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Nazism

National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus), more commonly known as Nazism, is the ideology and practices associated with the Nazi Party – officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) – in Nazi Germany, and of other far-right groups with similar aims.

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New Mexico

New Mexico (Nuevo México, Yootó Hahoodzo) is a state in the Southwestern Region of the United States of America.

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New South Wales

New South Wales (abbreviated as NSW) is a state on the east coast of:Australia.

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New Tang Dynasty Television

New Tang Dynasty Television (NTD) is a television broadcaster based in New York City with correspondents in over 70 cities worldwide.

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Nicolae Ceaușescu

Nicolae Ceaușescu (26 January 1918 – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian Communist politician.

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Nikolayevsk incident

The was a series of events beginning in February of 1920 through early June of the same year during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, culminating in the massacre of several hundred Japanese expatriates and most of the Russian inhabitants of the town of Nikolayevsk-on-Amur in the Russian Far East.

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Nineteen Eighty-Four

Nineteen Eighty-Four, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel published in 1949 by English author George Orwell.

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NKVD

The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (Народный комиссариат внутренних дел, Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del), abbreviated NKVD (НКВД), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union.

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NKVD Order No. 00593

NKVD Order № 00593, also known as NKVD Order about Harbinites (приказ НКВД о харбинцах, ("Харбинский приказ") by September 20, 1937, undersigned by Nikolai Yezhov regulated arrest and prosecution of former personnel of the China Far East Railway (KVZhD), who had lived in Harbin and reemigrated into the Soviet Union after 1935, when the KVZhD was sold to Manzhouguo. The order stated that of 25,000 registered "Harbinites" the majority were former White Guardists, "emigre spying-fascist organizations", former policemen etc. and worked for the Japanese intelligence service. It was ordered to perform arrests (from October 1, 1937 to December 25, 1937) of all Harbinites that fell into 13 pre-defined categories. Those who didn't match any of the listed categories were to be immediately removed from all jobs related to transport and industry. Paragraph 10 of the order recommended to use the "Harbin operation" for the recruiting of (intelligence) agents. Families of the arrested Harbinites were to be processed according to the NKVD Order № 00486.

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Nobel Prize in Literature

The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that has been awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction" (original Swedish: "den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning").

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Nonviolence

Nonviolence is the personal practice of being harmless to self and others under every condition.

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Norman Davies

Ivor Norman Richard Davies (born 8 June 1939) is a British-Polish historian noted for his publications on the history of Europe, Poland and the United Kingdom.

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Norman Podhoretz

Norman Podhoretz (born January 16, 1930) is an American neoconservative pundit and writer for Commentary magazine.

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North Korea

North Korea (Chosŏn'gŭl:조선; Hanja:朝鮮; Chosŏn), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (abbreviated as DPRK, PRK, DPR Korea, or Korea DPR), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula.

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Northern Expedition

The Northern Expedition was a military campaign launched by the National Revolutionary Army of the Kuomintang (KMT), also known as the Nationalists, against the Beiyang government and other regional warlords in 1926.

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Nuclear weapon

A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb).

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Objectivism (Ayn Rand)

Objectivism is a philosophical system developed by Russian-American writer Ayn Rand (1905–1982).

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Occupation of Japan

The Allied occupation of Japan at the end of World War II was led by General Douglas MacArthur, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, with support from the British Commonwealth.

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Occupation of Mongolia

The occupation of Outer Mongolia by the Beiyang government of the Republic of China began in October 1919 and lasted until early 1921, when Chinese troops in Urga were routed by Baron Ungern's White Russian (Buryats, Russians etc.) and Mongolian forces.

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October Revolution

The October Revolution (p), officially known in Soviet literature as the Great October Socialist Revolution (Вели́кая Октя́брьская социалисти́ческая револю́ция), and commonly referred to as Red October, the October Uprising, the Bolshevik Revolution, or the Bolshevik Coup, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolsheviks and Vladimir Lenin that was instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917.

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Oleg Kalugin

Oleg Danilovich Kalugin (Оле́г Дани́лович Калу́гин; born September 6, 1934) is a former KGB general (stripped of his rank and awards by a Russian Court decision in 2002).

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One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich

One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (Оди́н день Ива́на Дени́совича Odin den' Ivana Denisovicha) is a novel by Russian writer Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, first published in November 1962 in the Soviet literary magazine Novy Mir (New World).

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One-party state

A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system, or single-party system is a type of state in which one political party has the right to form the government, usually based on the existing constitution.

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Operation Condor

Operation Condor (Operación Cóndor,also known as Plan Cóndor, Operação Condor) was a campaign of political repression and state terror in Latin American countries involving intelligence operations and assassination of opponents, mainly civilians, originally planned by the CIA.

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Order of Merit of the Italian Republic

The Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (Ordine al merito della Repubblica Italiana) was founded as the senior order of knighthood by the second President of the Italian Republic, Luigi Einaudi in 1951.

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Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe

The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) is the parliamentary arm of the Council of Europe, a 47-nation international organisation dedicated to upholding human rights, democracy and the rule of law.

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Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova

The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (Partidul Comuniștilor din Republica Moldova (PCRM), Moldovan Cyrillic: Партидул Комуништилор дин Република Молдова (ПКРМ), Партия коммунистов Республики Молдова, Partiya kommunistov Respubliki Moldova) is a communist party in Moldova led by Vladimir Voronin.

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Patriot Act

The USA PATRIOT Act is an Act of Congress signed into law by US President George W. Bush on October 26, 2001.

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Patriotic People's Movement (Finland)

Patriotic People's Movement, (Isänmaallinen kansanliike, IKL, Fosterländska folkrörelsen) was a Finnish nationalist and anti-communist political party.

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People's Action Party of Vietnam

The People's Action Party of Vietnam (PAP), (Đảng Nhân Dân Hành Động Việt Nam), is a Vietnamese exile anti-communist organization that is based in the United States.

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People's Republic of Kampuchea

The People's Republic of Kampuchea (PRK; សាធារណរដ្ឋប្រជាមានិតកម្ពុជា, Sathéaranakrâth Pracheameanit Kâmpŭchéa; République populaire du Kampuchéa) was founded in Cambodia by the Salvation Front, a group of Cambodian communists dissatisfied with the Khmer Rouge after the overthrow of Democratic Kampuchea, Pol Pot's government.

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People's Socialist Republic of Albania

Albania (Shqipëri/Shqipëria; Shqipni/Shqipnia, Shqypni/Shqypnia), officially the People's Socialist Republic of Albania (Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqipërisë), was a Marxist-Leninist government that ruled Albania from 1946 to 1992.

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Persecution of Falun Gong

The persecution of Falun Gong refers to the campaign initiated in 1999 by the Chinese Communist Party to eliminate the spiritual practice of Falun Gong in China.

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Peter Hitchens

Peter Jonathan Hitchens (born 28 October 1951) is an English journalist and author.

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Peter Kropotkin

Pyotr Alexeevich Kropotkin (Пётр Алексе́евич Кропо́ткин; December 9, 1842 – February 8, 1921) was a Russian activist, revolutionary, scientist and philosopher who advocated anarcho-communism.

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Petrov Affair

The Petrov Affair was a Cold War spy incident in Australia in April 1954, concerning Vladimir Petrov, Third Secretary of the Soviet embassy in Canberra.

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Phạm Văn Đồng

Phạm Văn Đồng (1 March 1906 – 29 April 2000) was a Vietnamese politician who served as Prime Minister of North Vietnam from 1955 to 1976 and, following unification, as Prime Minister of Vietnam from 1976 until he retired in 1987 under the rule of Lê Duẩn and Nguyễn Văn Linh.

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Podolia

Podolia or Podilia (Подíлля, Podillja, Подо́лье, Podolʹje., Podolya, Podole, Podolien, Podolė) is a historic region in Eastern Europe, located in the west-central and south-western parts of Ukraine and in northeastern Moldova (i.e. northern Transnistria).

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Pol Pot

Pol Pot (ប៉ុល ពត; 19 May 1925 – 15 April 1998) was a Cambodian revolutionary and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea from 1976 to 1979.

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Poland

Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.

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Polish legislative election, 1989

The Polish legislative election of 1989 was the tenth election to the Sejm, the parliament of the Polish People's Republic, and the first election to the recreated Senate of Poland.

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Polish People's Army

The Polish People's Army (Ludowe Wojsko Polskie, LWP) constituted the second formation of the Polish Armed Forces in the East (1943–1945) and later the armed forces (1945–1989) of the Polish communist government of Poland (from 1952, the Polish People's Republic) along with the ruling Polish United Workers' Party.

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Polish People's Republic

The Polish People's Republic (Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) covers the history of contemporary Poland between 1952 and 1990 under the Soviet-backed socialist government established after the Red Army's release of its territory from German occupation in World War II.

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Polish Round Table Agreement

The Polish Round Table Talks took place in Warsaw, Poland from 6 February to 5 April 1989.

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Polish–Soviet War

The Polish–Soviet War (February 1919 – March 1921) was fought by the Second Polish Republic, Ukrainian People's Republic and the proto-Soviet Union (Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine) for control of an area equivalent to today's western Ukraine and parts of modern Belarus.

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Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The Politburo (p, full: Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, abbreviated Политбюро ЦК КПСС, Politbyuro TsK KPSS) was the highest policy-making government authority under the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

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Political repression

Political repression is the persecution of an individual or group within society for political reasons, particularly for the purpose of restricting or preventing their ability to take part in the political life of a society thereby reducing their standing among their fellow citizens.

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Pope

The pope (papa from πάππας pappas, a child's word for "father"), also known as the supreme pontiff (from Latin pontifex maximus "greatest priest"), is the Bishop of Rome and therefore ex officio the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church.

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Pope John Paul II

Pope John Paul II (Ioannes Paulus II; Giovanni Paolo II; Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła;; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) served as Pope and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 to 2005.

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Pope Pius IX

Pope Pius IX (Pio; 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878), born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, was head of the Catholic Church from 16 June 1846 to his death on 7 February 1878.

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Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (Arabic: الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين, al-Jabhah al-Sha`biyyah li-Taḥrīr Filasṭīn) is a secular Palestinian Marxist–Leninist and revolutionary socialist organization founded in 1967 by George Habash.

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Poznań 1956 protests

The Poznań 1956 protests, also known as the Poznań 1956 uprising, Poznań June or Polish Revolution of 1956 (Poznański Czerwiec), were the first of several massive protests against the communist government of the Polish People's Republic.

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Prague

Prague (Praha, Prag) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, the 14th largest city in the European Union and also the historical capital of Bohemia.

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President of Poland

The President of the Republic of Poland (Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, shorter form: Prezydent RP) is the head of state of Poland.

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Prime Minister of Vietnam

The Prime Minister of Vietnam (Thủ tướng Việt Nam), officially styled Prime Minister of the Government of the Socialist Republic (Thủ tướng Chính phủ nước Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa), is the head of government of Vietnam who presides over the meetings of the Central Government (formerly the Council of Ministers).

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Primorsky Krai

Primorsky Krai (p; 프리모르스키 지방) is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia, located in the Far East region of the country and is a part of the Far Eastern Federal District.

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Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)

The pro-democracy camp or pan-democracy camp (Chinese: 民主派 or 泛民主派) refers to a political alignment that supports increased democracy, namely the universal suffrage of the Chief Executive and the Legislative Council as given by the Basic Law under the "One Country, Two Systems" framework.

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Protestantism

Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.

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Provisional National Government of Vietnam

The Provisional National Government of Vietnam, abbreviated as the PNGV, also referred to as the Provisional National Government of the State of Vietnam or simply the Provisional Government of Vietnam, is a government in exile, headquartered in Orange County and other Little Saigon communities.

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Quanta cura

Quanta cura was a papal encyclical that was prompted by the September Convention of 1864 agreement between the then newly emerging Kingdom of Italy and the Second French Empire of Napoleon III.

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Queensland

Queensland (abbreviated as Qld) is the second-largest and third-most populous state in the Commonwealth of Australia.

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Radio France Internationale

Radio France Internationale generally referred to by its acronym RFI, is a French public radio service that broadcasts in Paris and all over the world.

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Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a broadcasting organization that broadcasts and reports news, information, and analysis to countries in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and the Middle East where it says that "the free flow of information is either banned by government authorities or not fully developed".

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Radio jamming

Radio jamming is the deliberate jamming, blocking or interference with authorized wireless communications.

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Raymond Moley

Raymond Charles Moley (September 27, 1886 – February 18, 1975) was an American political economist.

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Reagan Doctrine

The Reagan Doctrine was a strategy orchestrated and implemented by the United States under the Reagan Administration to overwhelm the global influence of the Soviet Union in an attempt to end the Cold War.

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Rebellion

Rebellion, uprising, or insurrection is a refusal of obedience or order.

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Red Army

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия (РККА), Raboche-krest'yanskaya Krasnaya armiya (RKKA), frequently shortened in Russian to Красная aрмия (КА), Krasnaya armiya (KA), in English: Red Army, also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch – Red Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

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Republic of Mountainous Armenia

The Republic of Mountainous Armenia (Լեռնահայաստանի Հանրապետութիւն Leřnahayastani Hanrapetutyun), also known as simply Mountainous Armenia (Լեռնահայաստան Leřnahayastan), was an anti-Bolshevik Armenian state roughly corresponding with the territory that is now the present-day Armenian provinces of Vayots Dzor and Syunik, and some parts of the present-day Republic of Azerbaijan (Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic in the west and the de facto Republic of Artsakh in the east).

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Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)

The Republican faction (Bando republicano), also known as the Loyalist faction (Bando leal or bando gubernamental), was the side in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939 that supported the established government of the Second Spanish Republic against the Nationalist or rebel faction of the military rebellion.

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Revolution

In political science, a revolution (Latin: revolutio, "a turn around") is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolt against the government, typically due to perceived oppression (political, social, economic).

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Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia

The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia—Ejército del Pueblo, FARC–EP and FARC) was a guerrilla movement involved in the continuing Colombian armed conflict from 1964 to 2017.

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Revolutions of 1989

The Revolutions of 1989 formed part of a revolutionary wave in the late 1980s and early 1990s that resulted in the end of communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe and beyond.

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Richard Crossman

Richard Howard Stafford Crossman (15 December 1907 – 5 April 1974), sometimes known as Dick Crossman, was a British Labour Party Member of Parliament, as well as a key figure among the party's Zionists and anti-communists.

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Richard Wright (author)

Richard Nathaniel Wright (September 4, 1908 – November 28, 1960) was an American author of sometimes controversial novels, short stories, poems, and non-fiction.

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Richard Wurmbrand

Richard Wurmbrand, also known as Nicolai Ionescu (March 24, 1909 – February 17, 2001) was a Romanian Christian minister of Jewish descent.

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Right-wing politics

Right-wing politics hold that certain social orders and hierarchies are inevitable, natural, normal or desirable, typically supporting this position on the basis of natural law, economics or tradition.

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Robert W. Welch Jr.

Robert Henry Winborne Welch Jr. (December 1, 1899 – January 6, 1985) was an American businessman, political activist, and author.

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Roh Moo-hyun

Roh Moo-hyun GOM (1 September 1946 – 23 May 2009) was a South Korean politician who served as President of South Korea (2003–2008).

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Romanian anti-communist resistance movement

The Romanian anti-communist resistance movement was active from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s, with isolated individual fighters remaining at large until the early 1960s.

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Romanian Revolution

The Romanian Revolution (Revoluția Română) was a period of violent civil unrest in Romania in December 1989 and part of the Revolutions of 1989 that occurred in several countries.

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Ronald Reagan

Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

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Rowman & Littlefield

Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group is an independent publishing house founded in 1949.

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Rundfunk im amerikanischen Sektor

RIAS (Rundfunk im amerikanischen Sektor; Broadcasting Service in the American Sector) was a radio and television station in the American Sector of Berlin during the Cold War.

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Russian Civil War

The Russian Civil War (Grazhdanskaya voyna v Rossiyi; November 1917 – October 1922) was a multi-party war in the former Russian Empire immediately after the Russian Revolutions of 1917, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future.

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Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution was a pair of revolutions in Russia in 1917 which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the rise of the Soviet Union.

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Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Ru-Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика.ogg), also unofficially known as the Russian Federation, Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I or Russia (rɐˈsʲijə; from the Ρωσία Rōsía — Rus'), was an independent state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest, most populous, and most economically developed union republic of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1991 and then a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991.

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Samizdat

Samizdat was a form of dissident activity across the Eastern bloc in which individuals reproduced censored and underground publications by hand and passed the documents from reader to reader.

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School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences

The School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (École des hautes études en sciences sociales; also known as EHESS) is a French grande école (élite higher-education establishment that operates outside the regulatory framework of the public university system) specialised in the social sciences and often considered as the most prestigious institution for the social sciences in France.

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Second International

The Second International (1889–1916), the original Socialist International, was an organization of socialist and labour parties formed in Paris on July 14, 1889.

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Second Zhili–Fengtian War

The Second Zhili–Fengtian War (Second Chihli-Fengtien War) of 1924 was a conflict between the Japanese-backed Fengtian clique based in Manchuria, and the more liberal Zhili clique controlling Beijing and backed by Anglo-American business interests.

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Securitate

The Securitate (Romanian for Security) was the popular term for the Departamentul Securității Statului (Department of State Security), the secret police agency of the Socialist Republic of Romania.

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Sedition

Sedition is overt conduct, such as speech and organization, that tends toward insurrection against the established order.

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Seventh World Congress of the Comintern

The 7th World Congress of the Communist International (Comintern) was a multinational conference held in Moscow from July 25 through August 20, 1935 by delegated representatives of ruling and non-ruling communist parties from around the world and invited guests representing other political and organized labor organizations.

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Show trial

A show trial is a public trial in which the judicial authorities have already determined the guilt of the defendant.

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Sidney Hook

Sidney Hook (December 20, 1902 – July 12, 1989) was an American philosopher of the Pragmatist school known for his contributions to the philosophy of history, the philosophy of education, political theory, and ethics.

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Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)

The Sino-Soviet conflict of 1929 (Конфликт на Китайско-Восточной железной дороге) was an armed conflict between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Chinese warlord Zhang Xueliang of the Republic of China over the Chinese Eastern Railway (also known as CER).

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Social democracy

Social democracy is a political, social and economic ideology that supports economic and social interventions to promote social justice within the framework of a liberal democratic polity and capitalist economy.

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Social networking service

A social networking service (also social networking site, SNS or social media) is a web application that people use to build social networks or social relations with other people who share similar personal or career interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections.

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Socialism

Socialism is a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.

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Socialist Republic of Romania

The Socialist Republic of Romania (Republica Socialistă România, RSR) refers to Romania under Marxist-Leninist one-party Communist rule that existed officially from 1947 to 1989.

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Solidarity (Polish trade union)

Solidarity (Solidarność, pronounced; full name: Independent Self-governing Labour Union "Solidarity"—Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy „Solidarność”) is a Polish labour union that was founded on 17 September 1980 at the Lenin Shipyard under the leadership of Lech Wałęsa.

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South West France (wine region)

South West France, or in French Sud-Ouest, is a wine region in France covering several wine-producing areas situated respectively inland from, and south of, the wine region of Bordeaux.

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Soviet dissidents

Soviet dissidents were people who disagreed with certain features in the embodiment of Soviet ideology and who were willing to speak out against them.

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Soviet Empire

The informal term "Soviet Empire" is used by critics of the Soviet Union and Russian nationalists"The borders of the Russian World extend significantly farther than borders of Russian Federation.

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Soviet occupation of Romania

The Soviet occupation of Romania refers to the period from 1944 to August 1958, during which the Soviet Union maintained a significant military presence in Romania.

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Soviet partisans in Poland

Poland was invaded and annexed by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in the aftermath of the invasion of Poland in 1939.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Soviet–Afghan War

The Soviet–Afghan War lasted over nine years, from December 1979 to February 1989.

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Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española),Also known as The Crusade (La Cruzada) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War (Cuarta Guerra Carlista) among Carlists, and The Rebellion (La Rebelión) or Uprising (Sublevación) among Republicans.

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Spartacus

Spartacus (Σπάρτακος; Spartacus; c. 111–71 BC) was a Thracian gladiator who, along with the Gauls Crixus, Gannicus, Castus, and Oenomaus, was one of the escaped slave leaders in the Third Servile War, a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic.

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Stalinism

Stalinism is the means of governing and related policies implemented from the 1920s to 1953 by Joseph Stalin (1878–1953).

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Stanford University Press

The Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University.

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State atheism

State atheism, according to Oxford University Press's A Dictionary of Atheism, "is the name given to the incorporation of positive atheism or non-theism into political regimes, particularly associated with Soviet systems." In contrast, a secular state purports to be officially neutral in matters of religion, supporting neither religion nor irreligion.

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State Protection Authority

The State Protection Authority (Államvédelmi Hatóság or ÁVH) was the secret police of Hungary from 1945 until 1956.

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Stéphane Courtois

Stéphane Courtois (born 25 November 1947) is a French historian and university professor, a Director of research at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Professor at the Catholic Institute of Higher Studies (ICES) in La Roche-sur-Yon, and Director of a collection specialized in the history of communist movements and regimes.

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Stephen Spender

Sir Stephen Harold Spender CBE (28 February 1909 – 16 July 1995) was an English poet, novelist, and essayist who concentrated on themes of social injustice and the class struggle in his work.

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Strategic Defense Initiative

The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) was a proposed missile defense system intended to protect the United States from attack by ballistic strategic nuclear weapons (intercontinental ballistic missiles and submarine-launched ballistic missiles).

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Student activism

Student activism is work by students to cause political, environmental, economic, or social change.

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SUNY Press

The State University of New York Press (or SUNY Press), is a university press and a Center for Scholarly Communication.

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Supreme Court of Judicature of Japan

The was the highest judicial body in the Empire of Japan.

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.

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Tajar Zavalani

Tajar Zavalani (1903–1966) was an Albanian historian, publicist, and writer.

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Thích Huyền Quang

Thích Huyền Quang (19 September 1919 – 5 July 2008) was a Vietnamese Buddhist monk, dissident and activist.

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Thích Quảng Độ

Thích Quảng Độ (born 27 November 1928) is a Vietnamese Buddhist monk and patriarch of the Unified Buddhist Sangha of Vietnam, a currently banned religious body in Vietnam.

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The Black Book of Communism

The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression is a 1997 book by Stéphane Courtois, Nicolas Werth, Andrzej Paczkowski and several other European academics documenting a history of political repressions by Communist states, including genocides, extrajudicial executions, deportations, killing population in labor camps and artificially created famines.

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The Communist Manifesto

The Communist Manifesto (originally Manifesto of the Communist Party) is an 1848 political pamphlet by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

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The Fatal Conceit

The Fatal Conceit: The Errors of Socialism (1988) is a non-fiction book written by the economist and political philosopher Friedrich Hayek and edited by William Warren Bartley.

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The Gladiators (novel)

The Gladiators (1939) is the first novel by the author Arthur Koestler; it portrays the effects of the Spartacus revolt in the Roman Republic.

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The God that Failed

The God That Failed is a 1949 book that collects together six essays with the testimonies of a number of ex-communist writers and journalists.

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The Gulag Archipelago

The Gulag Archipelago (Архипела́г ГУЛА́Г, Arkhipelág GULÁG) is a three-volume book written between 1958 and 1968 by Russian writer and historian Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn.

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The Heritage Foundation

The Heritage Foundation (abbreviated to Heritage) is an American conservative public policy think tank based in Washington, D.C. The foundation took a leading role in the conservative movement during the presidency of Ronald Reagan, whose policies were taken from Heritage's policy study Mandate for Leadership.

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The New York Review of Books

The New York Review of Books (or NYREV or NYRB) is a semi-monthly magazine with articles on literature, culture, economics, science and current affairs.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post is a major American daily newspaper founded on December 6, 1877.

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The Weekly Standard

The Weekly Standard is an American conservative opinion magazine published 48 times per year.

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Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, commonly known in mainland China as the June Fourth Incident (六四事件), were student-led demonstrations in Beijing, the capital of the People's Republic of China, in 1989.

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Tianjin

Tianjin, formerly romanized as Tientsin, is a coastal metropolis in northern China and one of the four national central cities of the People's Republic of China (PRC), with a total population of 15,469,500, and is also the world's 11th-most populous city proper.

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Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun

The (lit.Tokyo Daily News) was a newspaper printed in Tokyo, Japan from 1872 to 1943.

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Toruń

Toruń (Thorn) is a city in northern Poland, on the Vistula River.

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Trade union

A trade union or trades union, also called a labour union (Canada) or labor union (US), is an organization of workers who have come together to achieve many common goals; such as protecting the integrity of its trade, improving safety standards, and attaining better wages, benefits (such as vacation, health care, and retirement), and working conditions through the increased bargaining power wielded by the creation of a monopoly of the workers.

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Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong

The transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to China, referred to as "the Handover" internationally or "the Return" in Mainland China, took place on 1 July 1997.

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Transylvania

Transylvania is a historical region in today's central Romania.

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Twitter

Twitter is an online news and social networking service on which users post and interact with messages known as "tweets".

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States embargo against Cuba

The United States embargo against Cuba (in Cuba called el bloqueo, "the blockade") is a commercial, economic, and financial embargo imposed by the United States on Cuba.

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University of Texas Press

The University of Texas Press (or UT Press) is a university press that is part of the University of Texas at Austin.

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Uprising in Plzeň (1953)

During May 31–June 2, 1953 workers in the city of Plzeň, Czechoslovakia revolted in violent protest against currency reform and the politics of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.

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Velvet Revolution

The Velvet Revolution (sametová revoluce) or Gentle Revolution (nežná revolúcia) was a non-violent transition of power in what was then Czechoslovakia, occurring from 17 November to 29 December 1989.

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Venona project

The Venona project was a counterintelligence program initiated by the United States Army's Signal Intelligence Service (later the National Security Agency) that ran from February 1, 1943 until October 1, 1980.

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Việt Tân

Vietnam Reform Revolutionary Party (Việt-nam Canh-tân Cách-mạng Đảng, or Việt Tân and VRRP in short) is a network of members inside Vietnam and around the world, that aims to establish democracy and reform Vietnam through peaceful and political means.

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Vichy France

Vichy France (Régime de Vichy) is the common name of the French State (État français) headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II.

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Victoria (Australia)

Victoria (abbreviated as Vic) is a state in south-eastern Australia.

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Vietnam

Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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Vietnam War

The Vietnam War (Chiến tranh Việt Nam), also known as the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America (Kháng chiến chống Mỹ) or simply the American War, was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975.

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Vietnamese Constitutional Monarchist League

Vietnamese Constitutional Monarchist League (VCML), (Vietnamese: Liên Minh Quân Chủ Lập Hiến Đa Nguyên Việt Nam).

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Vladimir Bukovsky

From the late 1950s to the mid-1970s, Vladimir Konstantinovich Bukovsky (Влади́мир Константи́нович Буко́вский; b. 30 December 1942) was a prominent figure in the Soviet dissident movement, well-known at home and abroad.

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Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, better known by the alias Lenin (22 April 1870According to the new style calendar (modern Gregorian), Lenin was born on 22 April 1870. According to the old style (Old Julian) calendar used in the Russian Empire at the time, it was 10 April 1870. Russia converted from the old to the new style calendar in 1918, under Lenin's administration. – 21 January 1924), was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician and political theorist.

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Voice of America

Voice of America (VOA) is a U.S. government-funded international radio broadcast source that serves as the United States federal government's official institution for non-military, external broadcasting.

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Wang Jingwei regime

The Wang Jingwei regime is the common name of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China (p), a puppet state of the Empire of Japan, located in eastern China.

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Warsaw Pact

The Warsaw Pact, formally known as the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defence treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland among the Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe during the Cold War.

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We the Living

We the Living is the debut novel of the Russian American novelist Ayn Rand.

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Wehrmacht

The Wehrmacht (lit. "defence force")From wehren, "to defend" and Macht., "power, force".

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Western Europe

Western Europe is the region comprising the western part of Europe.

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White movement

The White movement (p) and its military arm the White Army (Бѣлая Армія/Белая Армия, Belaya Armiya), also known as the White Guard (Бѣлая Гвардія/Белая Гвардия, Belaya Gvardiya), the White Guardsmen (Белогвардейцы, Belogvardeytsi) or simply the Whites (Белые, Beliye), was a loose confederation of Anti-Communist forces that fought the Bolsheviks, also known as the Reds, in the Russian Civil War (1917–1922/3) and, to a lesser extent, continued operating as militarized associations both outside and within Russian borders until roughly the Second World War.

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White movement in Transbaikal

The White movement in Transbaikal was a period of the confrontation between the Soviets and the Whites over dominance in Transbaikal from December 1917 to November 1920.

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White Terror

White Terror may refer to.

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Whitlam Government

The Whitlam Government was the federal executive government of Australia led by Prime Minister Gough Whitlam.

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Whittaker Chambers

Jay Vivian Chambers (April 1, 1901 – July 9, 1961), known as Whittaker Chambers, was an American editor who denounced his Communist spying and became respected by the American Conservative movement during the 1950s.

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Will Herberg

William "Will" Herberg (June 30, 1901 – March 26, 1977) was an American Jewish writer, intellectual and scholar.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Yugoslavs

Yugoslavs or Yugoslavians (Serbo-Croatian: Jugoslaveni/Југославени, Jugosloveni/Југословени; Macedonian: Југословени; Slovene: Jugoslovani) is a designation that was originally designed to refer to a united South Slavic people.

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Zhili–Anhui War

The Zhili–Anhui War was a 1920 conflict in the Republic of China's Warlord Era between the Zhili and Anhui cliques for control of the Beiyang government.

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Zhongnanhai

Zhongnanhai is a former imperial garden in the Imperial City, Beijing, adjacent to the Forbidden City; it serves as the central headquarters for the Communist Party of China and the State Council (Central government) of China.

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Zita Seabra

Zita Maria de Seabra Roseiro (born Coimbra, Santa Cruz, May 25, 1949) is a Portuguese politician.

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ZOMO

Zmotoryzowane Odwody Milicji Obywatelskiej (ZOMO) (Motorized Reserves of the Citizens' Militia), were paramilitary-police formations during the Communist Era, in the People's Republic of Poland.

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1959 Tibetan uprising

The 1959 Tibetan uprising or the 1959 Tibetan rebellion began on 10 March 1959, when a revolt erupted in Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Area, which had been under the effective control of the People's Republic of China since the Seventeen Point Agreement was reached in 1951.

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1970 Polish protests

The Polish 1970 protests (Grudzień 1970) occurred in northern Poland in December 1970.

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2014 Hong Kong protests

A series of sit-in street protests, often called the Umbrella Revolution and sometimes used interchangeably with Umbrella Movement, occurred in Hong Kong from 26 September to 15 December 2014.

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Redirects here:

Anti communism, Anti communist, Anti-Bolshevik, Anti-Bolshevism, Anti-Communism, Anti-Communism in the United States, Anti-Communist, Anti-Communists, Anti-Communists in the United States, Anti-Communiusm, Anti-Marxist, Anti-Red, Anti-Socialist, Anti-commie, Anti-communism in Poland, Anti-communism in Vietnam, Anti-communism in the United States, Anti-communist, Anti-communists, Anti-comunism, Anticommunism, Anticommunist, Anticommunistic, Anti‑communist, Bulwark against Communism, Bulwark against communism, Commie, Fascism and Marxism, Oppose Communism, Opposition to Communism, Opposition to communism, Persecution of communism, Persecution of communists, Persecution of socialists.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-communism

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