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Anushilan Samiti

Index Anushilan Samiti

Anushilan Samiti (Ōnūshīlōn sōmītī, lit: body-building society) was a Bengali Indian organisation that existed in the first quarter of the twentieth century, and propounded revolutionary violence as the means for ending British rule in India. [1]

200 relations: Abhishek Bachchan, Abinash Chandra Bhattacharya, Alipore Jail, Allan Octavian Hume, Amarendranath Chatterjee, Anandamath, Anarchism, Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser, Atheism, B. B. D. Bagh, B. S. Moonje, Badal Gupta, Bagha Jatin, Baghajatin, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Balasore, Bande Mataram (publication), Bangladesh, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Barindra Kumar Ghosh, Barisal, Bengal, Bengal Criminal Law Amendment, Benoy Basu, Bhadralok, Bhagavad Gita, Bhawani Mandir, Bhikaiji Cama, Bhupendranath Datta, Bihar, Bollywood, Brahmin, British Raj, Calcutta High Court, Carbonari, Chandannagar, Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst, Charles Stevenson-Moore, Charles Tegart, Chittagong armoury raid, Chittaranjan Das, Chowringhee Road, Communism, Communist Consolidation, Communist International, Communist Party of India, Congress Socialist Party, Crime Investigation Department (India), Criminal investigation department, Dacoity, ..., Debabrata Basu, Defence of India Act 1915, Dehradun, Delhi conspiracy case, Delhi Durbar, Dhaka, Dhaka Anushilan Samiti, Dinesh Gupta, Do and Die, East Bengal, East India Company, East Pakistan, Eastern Bengal and Assam, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Ekbar biday de Ma ghure ashi, Emperor vs Aurobindo Ghosh and others, Faridpur District, Fort William, India, Ghadar Mutiny, Ghadar Party, Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto, Giuseppe Mazzini, Gopinath Saha, Guru, Habeas corpus, Har Dayal, Harold Stuart, Hemchandra Kanungo, Hindu, Hindu–German Conspiracy, Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, History of the Anushilan Samiti, History Workshop Journal, Howdah, India House, Indian independence movement, Indian National Congress, Jadavpur University, Jadugopal Mukherjee, Jagadish Chandra Bose, Jallianwala Bagh massacre, Jessore (town), Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, John Morley, Joseph Stalin, Jugantar, Jugantar Patrika, K. B. Hedgewar, Kakori conspiracy, Kalpana Datta, Kanailal Dutta, Kayastha, Kerala, Khelein Hum Jee Jaan Sey, Khudiram Bose, Khulna, Kolkata, Kolkata Municipal Corporation, Kolkata Police Force, Lahore, Left Front (West Bengal), Leonard A. Gordon, Lok Sabha, M. N. Roy, Madras Presidency, Maharashtra, Mahout, Mandalay, Mandatory Palestine, Maniktala, Marxism, Midnapore, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Muzaffarpur, Mymensingh, National Council of Education, Niralamba Swami, Non-cooperation movement, North India, Odisha, Okakura Kakuzō, Pan-Asianism, Paris, Paris Indian Society, Partition of Bengal (1905), Pashtun diaspora, Pashtuns, Peter Heehs, Peter Kropotkin, Prafulla Chaki, Prafulla Chandra Ray, Pramathanath Mitra, Pritilata Waddedar, Pulin Behari Das, Punjab, Punjab Province (British India), Rabindra Puraskar, Rajnagar Upazila, Ram Prasad Bismil, Rash Behari Bose, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, Revolutionary movement for Indian independence, Revolutionary Socialist Party (India), Robert Nathan (intelligence officer), Robert Warrand Carlyle, Rodda company arms heist, Rowlatt Act, Rowlatt Committee, Sachindra Nath Sanyal, Salt March, Sarala Devi, Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, Satyendra Nath Bose, Secretary of State for India, Shakti, Shaktism, Shramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal, Sister Nivedita, Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist), Special Branch, Sri Aurobindo, Subhas Chandra Bose, Subodh Chandra Mallik, Sumit Sarkar, Sundarbans, Surendranath Banerjee, Surendranath Tagore, Surya Sen, Swadeshi movement, Swami Vivekananda, Tagore family, Tarak Nath Das, Tripura (princely state), Trotskyism, Turn state's evidence, Ultadanga, United Provinces of British India, Uttam Kumar, Uttar Pradesh, Vaishya, Vande Mataram, Varanasi, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Vrindavan, West Bengal, World War I, Writers' Building, Young Italy (historical), 10th Jats, 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine. Expand index (150 more) »

Abhishek Bachchan

Abhishek Bachchan (born 5 February 1976) is an Indian film actor, producer and playback singer known for his works in Bollywood and Bengali cinema.

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Abinash Chandra Bhattacharya

Abhinash Chandra Bhattacharyya (5.4.1882-10.5.1962) was an important leader in Revolutionary movement for Indian independence or a radical Indian nationalist noted for his role in the Indo-German Conspiracy of World War I. Born in "Chunta" in the district of Tripura India, Bhattacharya in his youth became involved with the works of the Anushilan Samiti.

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Alipore Jail

The Alipore Jail or Alipore Central Jail is a prison in Alipore, Kolkata, where political prisoners were kept under British rule, among them Subhas Chandra Bose.

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Allan Octavian Hume

Allan Octavian Hume, CB ICS (6 June 1829 – 31 July 1912) was a member of the Imperial Civil Service (later the Indian Civil Service), a political reformer, ornithologist and botanist who worked in British India.

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Amarendranath Chatterjee

Amarendranath Chatterjee (অমরেন্দ্রনাথ চট্টোপাধ্যায়) (1 July 1880 – 4 September 1957) was an Indian independence movement activist.

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Anandamath

Anandamath (আনন্দমঠ Anondomôţh; pronounced Anandmaţhin other Indian languages) is a Bengali fiction, written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and published in 1882.

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Anarchism

Anarchism is a political philosophy that advocates self-governed societies based on voluntary institutions.

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Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser

Sir Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser, KCSI (14 November 1848 – 26 February 1919) was an Indian Civil Servant and the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal between 1903 and 1908.

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Atheism

Atheism is, in the broadest sense, the absence of belief in the existence of deities.

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B. B. D. Bagh

B.B.D. Bagh, formerly called Dalhousie Square, is the shortened version for Benoy-Badal-Dinesh Bagh.

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B. S. Moonje

Balakrishna Shivram Moonje (B. S. Moonje),(12 December 1872 to 4 March 1948) was a leader of the Hindu Mahasabha.

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Badal Gupta

Badal Gupta (বাদল গুপ্ত Badol Gupto) (1912–1930) was a Bengali revolutionary nationalist who fought against British rule over India.

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Bagha Jatin

Bagha Jatin (Bāghā Jatin, lit: Tiger Jatin), born Jatindranath Mukherjee (Jotindrônāth Mukhōpaddhāē; 8 December 1879 – 10 September 1915), was an Indian Bengali revolutionary against British rule.

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Baghajatin

Baghajatin is a locality in the city of Kolkata in Kolkata district, West Bengal, India.

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Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Bal Gangadhar Tilak (or Lokmanya Tilak,; 23 July 1856 – 1 August 1920), born as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak, was an Indian nationalist, teacher, social reformer, lawyer and an independence activist.

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Balasore

Balasore or Baleswar is a city in the state of Odisha, about north of the state capital Bhubaneswar, in eastern India.

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Bande Mataram (publication)

The Bande Mataram was an English language newspaper founded in 1905 by Aurobindo Ghosh.

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Bangladesh

Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ, lit. "The country of Bengal"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ), is a country in South Asia.

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Bankim Chandra Chatterjee

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay or Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (27 June 1838–8 April 1894) was an Indian writer, poet and journalist.

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Barindra Kumar Ghosh

Barindra Ghosh or Barindranath Ghose, or, popularly, Barin Ghosh (5 January 1880 – 18 April 1959) was an Indian revolutionary and journalist.

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Barisal

Barisal, officially known as Barishal, বরিশাল Bengali Pron) is a major city that lies on the bank of Kirtankhola river in south-central Bangladesh. It is the largest city and the administrative headquarter of both Barisal district and Barisal Division. It is one of the oldest municipalities and river ports of the country. Barisal municipality was established in the year 1876 during the British Raj and upgraded to City Corporation on 25 July 2002. The city consists of 30 wards and 50 mahallas with a population of 328,278 according to the 2011 national census. The area of the city is 58 km².

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Bengal

Bengal (Bānglā/Bôngô /) is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in Asia, which is located in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal.

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Bengal Criminal Law Amendment

The Bengal Criminal Law Amendment Ordinance of 1924, enacted into law as Bengal Criminal Law Amendment Act in 1925, was a criminal law ordinance enacted in October 1924 in Bengal, in British India.

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Benoy Basu

Binoy Krishna Basu (বিনয় কৃষ্ণ বসু Binôe Boshu) or Binoy Basu or Binoy Bose (1908–1930) was a Bengali freedom fighter (against British rule) who is noted for launching an attack on the Secretariat Building - the Writers' Building in the Dalhousie square in Kolkata.

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Bhadralok

Bhadralok (ভদ্রলোক bhôdrôlok, literally 'gentleman', 'well-mannered person') is Bengali for the new class of 'gentlefolk' who arose during British colonial times (approximately 1757 to 1947) in Bengal.

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Bhagavad Gita

The Bhagavad Gita (भगवद्गीता, in IAST,, lit. "The Song of God"), often referred to as the Gita, is a 700 verse Hindu scripture in Sanskrit that is part of the Hindu epic Mahabharata (chapters 23–40 of the 6th book of Mahabharata).

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Bhawani Mandir

Bhawani Mandir (Temple of Goddess Bhawani) was a political pamphlet penned anonymously by Indian nationalist Aurobindo Ghosh in 1905.

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Bhikaiji Cama

Bhikaiji Rustom CamaBhikhai- (with aspirated -kh-) is the name as it appears in the biographies.

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Bhupendranath Datta

Bhupendranath Datta (4 September 1880 – 25 December 1961) was an Indian revolutionary and later a noted sociologist.

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Bihar

Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India.

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Bollywood

Hindi cinema, often metonymously referred to as Bollywood, is the Indian Hindi-language film industry, based in the city of Mumbai (formerly Bombay), Maharashtra, India.

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Brahmin

Brahmin (Sanskrit: ब्राह्मण) is a varna (class) in Hinduism specialising as priests, teachers (acharya) and protectors of sacred learning across generations.

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British Raj

The British Raj (from rāj, literally, "rule" in Hindustani) was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947.

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Calcutta High Court

The Calcutta High Court is the oldest High Court in India.

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Carbonari

The Carbonari (Italian for "charcoal makers") was an informal network of secret revolutionary societies active in Italy from about 1800 to 1831.

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Chandannagar

Chandannagar, formerly spelled as Chandernagore, is a city and a municipal corporation with former French colony located about north of Kolkata, in West Bengal, India.

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Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst

Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst, (20 June 1858 – 2 August 1944) was a British diplomat and statesman who served as Viceroy and Governor-General of India from 1910–16.

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Charles Stevenson-Moore

Sir Charles James Stevenson-Moore KCIE CVO (9 June 1866 – 22 July 1947) was a British administrator in India.

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Charles Tegart

Sir Charles Augustus Tegart KPM (1881 – 6 April 1946) was a British colonial police officer in India and Mandatory Palestine.

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Chittagong armoury raid

The Chittagong armoury raid, also known as the Chittagong uprising, was an attempt on 18 April 1930 to raid the armoury of police and auxiliary forces from the Chittagong armoury in the Bengal Presidency of British India (now in Bangladesh) by armed Indian independence fighters led by Surya Sen.

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Chittaranjan Das

Chittaranjan Das (C. R. Das) (চিত্তরঞ্জন দাশ Chittorônjon Dash), popularly called Deshbandhu (Friend of the Nation), (5 November 1869 – 16 June 1925), was a leading Indian politician, a prominent lawyer, an activist of the Indian National Movement and founder-leader of the Swaraj (Independence) Party in Bengal during British occupation in India.

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Chowringhee Road

Chowringhee Road (also spelt Chourangi Road) (Bengali: চৌরঙ্গী রোড), located in the Chowringhee neighbourhood of Kolkata, is the arterial road running from the eastern fringes of Esplanade southwards up to the crossing with Lower Circular Road, in the city of Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

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Communism

In political and social sciences, communism (from Latin communis, "common, universal") is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.

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Communist Consolidation

Communist Consolidation was an Indian communist organisation, formed amongst prisoners at the Andaman Cellular Jail in 1935.

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Communist International

The Communist International (Comintern), known also as the Third International (1919–1943), was an international communist organization that advocated world communism.

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Communist Party of India

The Communist Party of India (CPI) (Bhāratīya Kamyunisṭ Pārṭī) is a communist party in India.

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Congress Socialist Party

The Congress Socialist Party (CSP) was founded in 1934 as a socialist caucus within the Indian National Congress.

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Crime Investigation Department (India)

The Crime Investigation Department (अपराध जांच विभाग) (CID) is the investigation and intelligence wing of the Indian State Police.

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Criminal investigation department

A criminal investigation department (CID) is the branch of all territorial police forces within the British Police, and many other Commonwealth police forces, to which plainclothes detectives belong.

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Dacoity

Dacoity is a term used for "banditry" in Bengali, Odiya, Hindi, Kannada and Urdu.

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Debabrata Basu

Debabrata Basu (5 July 1924 – 24 March 2001) was an Indian statistician who made fundamental contributions to the foundations of statistics.

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Defence of India Act 1915

The Defence of India Act 1915, also referred to as the Defence of India Regulations Act, was an emergency criminal law enacted by the Governor-General of India in 1915 with the intention of curtailing the nationalist and revolutionary activities during and in the aftermath of the First World War.

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Dehradun

Dehradun or Dehra Dun is the interim capital city of Uttarakhand, a state in the northern part of India.

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Delhi conspiracy case

The Delhi Conspiracy case, also known as the Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy, refers to a conspiracy in 1912 to assassinate the then Viceroy of India, Lord Hardinge, on the occasion of transferring the capital of British India from Calcutta to New Delhi.

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Delhi Durbar

The Delhi Durbar (दिल्ली दरबार, دہلی دربار), meaning "Court of Delhi", was an Indian imperial style mass assembly organised by the British at Coronation Park, Delhi, India, to mark the succession of an Emperor or Empress of India.

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Dhaka

Dhaka (or; ঢাকা); formerly known as Dacca is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh.

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Dhaka Anushilan Samiti

Dhaka Anushilan Samiti was a branch of the Anushilan Samiti founded in the city of Dhaka in November 1905.

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Dinesh Gupta

Dinesh Chandra Gupta (দিনেশ চন্দ্র গুপ্ত Dinesh Chôndro Gupto) or Dinesh Gupta (6 December 1911 – 7 July 1931) was a Bengali revolutionary who fought against British colonial rule.

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Do and Die

Do and Die: The Chittagong Uprising 1930–34 is a 1999 historical non-fiction book written by the Indian author Manini Chatterjee.

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East Bengal

East Bengal (পূর্ব বাংলা Purbô Bangla) was a geographically noncontiguous province of the Dominion of Pakistan covering Bangladesh.

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East India Company

The East India Company (EIC), also known as the Honourable East India Company (HEIC) or the British East India Company and informally as John Company, was an English and later British joint-stock company, formed to trade with the East Indies (in present-day terms, Maritime Southeast Asia), but ended up trading mainly with Qing China and seizing control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent.

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East Pakistan

East Pakistan was the eastern provincial wing of Pakistan between 1955 and 1971, covering the territory of the modern country Bangladesh.

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Eastern Bengal and Assam

Eastern Bengal and Assam was an administrative subdivision (province) of the British Raj between 1905 and 1912.

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Edward Bulwer-Lytton

Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton, PC (25 May 1803 – 18 January 1873) was an English novelist, poet, playwright and politician.

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Ekbar biday de Ma ghure ashi

Ekbar biday de Ma ghure ashi (একবার বিদায় দে মা ঘুরে আসি, "Bid me goodbye Mother") is a Bengali patriotic song written by Pitambar Das.

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Emperor vs Aurobindo Ghosh and others

Emperor vs Aurobindo Ghosh and others, colloquially referred to as the Alipore Bomb Case, the Muraripukur conspiracy, or the Manicktolla bomb conspiracy, was a criminal case held in India in 1908.

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Faridpur District

Faridpur (ফরিদপুর জেলা) is a district in south-central Bangladesh.

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Fort William, India

Fort William is a fort in Calcutta (Kolkata), built during the early years of the Bengal Presidency of British India.

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Ghadar Mutiny

The Ghadar Mutiny (Hindustani: ग़दर राज्य-क्रान्ति, غدر ریاست - کرانتی Ġadara Rājya-krānti), also known as the Ghadar Conspiracy, was a plan to initiate a pan-Indian mutiny in the British Indian Army in February 1915 to end the British Raj in India.

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Ghadar Party

The Ghadar Party (ਗ਼ਦਰ ਪਾਰਟੀ) was an Indian revolutionary organisation primarily founded by Punjabis, The party was multi-ethnic and had Hindu, Sikh and Muslim leaders.

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Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto

Gilbert John Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto (9 July 18451 March 1914) was a British aristocrat and politician who served as Governor General of Canada, the eighth since Canadian Confederation, and as Viceroy and Governor-General of India, the country's 17th.

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Giuseppe Mazzini

Giuseppe Mazzini (22 June 1805 – 10 March 1872) was an Italian politician, journalist, activist for the unification of Italy and spearhead of the Italian revolutionary movement.

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Gopinath Saha

Gopinath Saha (1906-1924) was a Bengali activist for Indian independence (from British rule) and member of the Hindustan Republican Association.

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Guru

Guru (गुरु, IAST: guru) is a Sanskrit term that connotes someone who is a "teacher, guide, expert, or master" of certain knowledge or field.

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Habeas corpus

Habeas corpus (Medieval Latin meaning literally "that you have the body") is a recourse in law through which a person can report an unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request that the court order the custodian of the person, usually a prison official, to bring the prisoner to court, to determine whether the detention is lawful.

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Har Dayal

Lala Har Dayal (in Punjabi ਲਾਲਾ ਹਰਦਿਆਲ; 14 October 1884 in Delhi, India – 4 March 1939 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was an Indian nationalist revolutionary.

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Harold Stuart

Sir Harold Arthur Stuart (29 July 1860 – 1 March 1923) was an Indian Civil Servant, the first Director of the Central Criminal Intelligence Department of India, and later a Home Secretary to the Government of India.

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Hemchandra Kanungo

Hemchandra Kanungo Das (1871 – 1951) was an Indian nationalist and a member of the Anushilan samiti.

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Hindu

Hindu refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism.

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Hindu–German Conspiracy

The Hindu–German Conspiracy(Note on the name) was a series of plans between 1914 and 1917 by Indian nationalist groups to attempt Pan-Indian rebellion against the British Raj during World War I, formulated between the Indian revolutionary underground and exiled or self-exiled nationalists who formed, in the United States, the Ghadar Party, and in Germany, the Indian independence committee, in the decade preceding the Great War.

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Hindustan Socialist Republican Association

Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) was a revolutionary organisation, also known as Hindustan Socialist Republican Army established in 1924 at Feroz Shah Kotla in kanpur by Sachindra Nath Sanyal.

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History of the Anushilan Samiti

The history of the Anushilan Samiti stretches from its beginning early in the first decade of 1900 to its gradual dissemination into the Congress-led Indian independence movement and into the Communist politics in India in the late 1930s.

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History Workshop Journal

The History Workshop Journal was launched in 1976 by Raphael Samuel and others involved in the History Workshop movement.

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Howdah

A howdah, or houdah (Hindi: हौदा haudā), derived from the Arabic هودج (hawdaj), that means "bed carried by a camel", also known as hathi howdah (हाथी हौदा), is a carriage which is positioned on the back of an elephant, or occasionally some other animal such as camels, used most often in the past to carry wealthy people or for use in hunting or warfare.

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India House

India House was a student residence that existed between 1905 and 1910 at Cromwell Avenue in Highgate, North London.

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Indian independence movement

The Indian independence movement encompassed activities and ideas aiming to end the East India Company rule (1757–1857) and the British Indian Empire (1857–1947) in the Indian subcontinent.

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Indian National Congress

The Indian National Congress (INC, often called Congress Party) is a broadly based political party in India.

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Jadavpur University

Jadavpur University is a public autonomous university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

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Jadugopal Mukherjee

Jadu Gopal Mukherjee (18 September 1886 – 30 August 1976) was a Bengali Indian revolutionary who, as the successor of Jatindranath Mukherjee or Bagha Jatin, led the Jugantar members to recognise and accept Gandhi's movement as the culmination of their own aspiration.

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Jagadish Chandra Bose

Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose, CSI, CIE, FRS (30 November 1858 – 23 November 1937), also spelled Jagdish and Jagadis, was a polymath, physicist, biologist, biophysicist, botanist and archaeologist, and an early writer of science fiction.

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Jallianwala Bagh massacre

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919 when troops of the British Indian Army under the command of Colonel Reginald Dyer fired rifles into a crowd of Indians, who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab.

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Jessore (town)

Jessore, officially known as Jashore, যশোর) is a city in south-western Bangladesh. It is the capital of Jessore District. Jessore town consists of 9 wards and 73 mahalls. Jessore municipality was established in 1864. The area of the town is 25.72 km2. It has a population of 201,796 at the 2011 Census. The literacy rate among the townspeople is 56.57% in 1991.

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Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee

Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee (Bengali:যোগেশ চন্দ্র চ্যাটার্জি) (1895–1969) was an Indian freedom fighter, revolutionary and member of Rajya Sabha.

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John Morley

John Morley, 1st Viscount Morley of Blackburn, (24 December 1838 – 23 September 1923) was a British Liberal statesman, writer and newspaper editor.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Georgian nationality.

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Jugantar

Jugantar or Yugantar (যুগান্তর Jugantor) (English meaning New Era or more literally Transition of an Epoch) was one of the two main secret revolutionary trends operating in Bengal for Indian independence.

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Jugantar Patrika

Jugantar Patrika (যুগান্তর) was a Bengali revolutionary newspaper founded in 1906 in Calcutta by Barindra Kumar Ghosh, Abhinash Bhattacharya and Bhupendranath Dutt.

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K. B. Hedgewar

Keshav Baliram Hedgewar (1 April 1889 – 21 June 1940), also known as Doctorji, was the founding Sarsanghachalak of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS).

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Kakori conspiracy

The Kakori Conspiracy (or Kakori train robbery or Kakori Case) was a train robbery that took place between Kakori and, near Lucknow, on 9 August 1925 during the Indian Independence Movement against the British Indian Government.

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Kalpana Datta

Kalpana Datta (কল্পনা দত্ত) (27 July 1913 – 8 February 1995) (later Kalpana Joshi) was an Indian independence movement activist and a member of the armed independence movement led by Surya Sen, which carried out the Chittagong armoury raid in 1930.

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Kanailal Dutta

Kanailal Dutta (কানাইলাল দত্ত) (30 August 1888 – 10 November 1908) was a revolutionary in the India's freedom struggle belonging to the Jugantar group.

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Kayastha

Kayastha (also referred to as Kayasth or Kayeth) is a group consisting of a cluster of several different castes(or sub-groups) of different origin from India.

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Kerala

Kerala is a state in South India on the Malabar Coast.

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Khelein Hum Jee Jaan Sey

Khelein Hum Jee Jaan Sey is a 2010 Indian epic action-adventure film directed by Ashutosh Gowariker, starring Abhishek Bachchan, Deepika Padukone and Sikander Kher in the lead roles.

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Khudiram Bose

Khudiram Bose (ক্ষুদিরাম বসু) (aka Khudiram Bosu) (3 December 1889 – 11 August 1908) was an Indian Bengali revolutionary.

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Khulna

Khulna (খুলনা) is the third-largest city of Bangladesh.

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Kolkata

Kolkata (also known as Calcutta, the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Kolkata Municipal Corporation

Kolkata Municipal Corporation or KMC (formerly Calcutta Municipal Corporation or CMC) is responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city of Kolkata.

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Kolkata Police Force

The Kolkata Police Force is one of the three presidency police forces of the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Lahore

Lahore (لاہور, لہور) is the capital city of the Pakistani province of Punjab, and is the country’s second-most populous city after Karachi.

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Left Front (West Bengal)

The Left Front (বামফ্রন্ট, transliterated bamfront) is an alliance of political parties in the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Leonard A. Gordon

Leonard Abraham Gordon is a historian of South Asia, especially of Bengal, whose 1990 book Brothers Against the Raj: A Biography of Indian Nationalist Leaders Sarat and Subhas Chandra Bose is considered the definitive biography of Subhas Chandra Bose.

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Lok Sabha

The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament, with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha.

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M. N. Roy

Manabendra Nath Roy (21 March 1887 – 24 January 1954), born Narendra Nath Bhattacharya, was an Indian revolutionary, radical activist and political theorist, as well as a noted philosopher in the 20th century.

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Madras Presidency

The Madras Presidency, or the Presidency of Fort St.

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Maharashtra

Maharashtra (abbr. MH) is a state in the western region of India and is India's second-most populous state and third-largest state by area.

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Mahout

A mahout is an elephant rider, trainer, or keeper.

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Mandalay

Mandalay is the second-largest city and the last royal capital of Myanmar (Burma).

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Mandatory Palestine

Mandatory Palestine (فلسطين; פָּלֶשְׂתִּינָה (א"י), where "EY" indicates "Eretz Yisrael", Land of Israel) was a geopolitical entity under British administration, carved out of Ottoman Syria after World War I. British civil administration in Palestine operated from 1920 until 1948.

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Maniktala

Maniktala is a residential area of northern Kolkata, in Kolkata district, West Bengal, India.

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Marxism

Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation.

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Midnapore

Midnapore city (Pron: med̪iːniːpur) is the district headquarters of Paschim Medinipur district of the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Muhammad Ali Jinnah (محمد علی جناح ALA-LC:, born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai; 25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) was a lawyer, politician, and the founder of Pakistan.

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Muzaffarpur

Muzaffarpur is a sub-metropolitan city located in Muzaffarpur district in the Tirhut region of Bihar.

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Mymensingh

No description.

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National Council of Education

The National Council of Education (or NCE) was an organisation founded by Indian nationalists in Bengal in 1906 to promote science and technology as part of a swadeshi industrialisation movement.

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Niralamba Swami

Jatindra Nath Banerjee (Niralamba Swami) (19 November 1877 – 5 September 1930) was one of two great Indian nationalists and freedom fighters – along with Aurobindo Ghosh (Sri Aurobindo) – who dramatically rose to prominence between 1871 and 1910.

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Non-cooperation movement

This was a significant phase of the Indian independence movement from British rule.

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North India

North India is a loosely defined region consisting of the northern part of India.

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Odisha

Odisha (formerly Orissa) is one of the 29 states of India, located in eastern India.

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Okakura Kakuzō

(also known as 岡倉 天心 Okakura Tenshin) was a Japanese scholar who contributed to the development of arts in Japan.

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Pan-Asianism

Pan-Asianism (also known as Asianism or Greater Asianism) is an ideology that promotes the unity of Asian peoples.

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Paris

Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.

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Paris Indian Society

The Paris Indian Society was an Indian nationalist organisation founded in 1905 at Paris under the patronage of Madam Bhikaji Rustom Cama, B.H. Godrej and S. R. Rana.

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Partition of Bengal (1905)

The decision to effect the Partition of Bengal (বঙ্গভঙ্গ.) was announced on 19 July 1905 by the Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon.

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Pashtun diaspora

Pashtun diaspora refers to ethnic Pashtuns who live outside their traditional homeland of Pashtunistan, which is south of the Amu River in Afghanistan and west of the Indus River in Pakistan.

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Pashtuns

The Pashtuns (or; پښتانه Pax̌tānə; singular masculine: پښتون Pax̌tūn, feminine: پښتنه Pax̌tana; also Pukhtuns), historically known as ethnic Afghans (افغان, Afğān) and Pathans (Hindustani: پٹھان, पठान, Paṭhān), are an Iranic ethnic group who mainly live in Pakistan and Afghanistan.

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Peter Heehs

Peter Heehs is an American historian living in Puducherry, India who writes on modern Indian history, spirituality and religion.

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Peter Kropotkin

Pyotr Alexeevich Kropotkin (Пётр Алексе́евич Кропо́ткин; December 9, 1842 – February 8, 1921) was a Russian activist, revolutionary, scientist and philosopher who advocated anarcho-communism.

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Prafulla Chaki

Prafulla Chandra Chaki (প্রফুল্ল চাকী Profullo Chaki) (10 December 1888 – 2 May 1908) was a Bengali revolutionary associated with the Jugantar group of revolutionaries who carried out assassinations against British colonial officials in an attempt to secure Indian independence.

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Prafulla Chandra Ray

Acharya Sir Prafulla Chandra Ray also spelled Prafulla Chandra Rây (প্রফুল্ল চন্দ্র রায় Praphulla Chandra Rāy; 2 August 1861 – 16 June 1944) was a Bengali chemist, educator and entrepreneur.

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Pramathanath Mitra

Pramathanath Mitra (প্রমথনাথ মিত্র; 30 October 1853 – 1910) known widely as P. Mitra was a Bengali Indian barrister and Indian nationalist who was among the earliest founding members of the Indian revolutionary organisation Anushilan Samiti.

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Pritilata Waddedar

Pritilata Waddedar (5 May 1911 – 23 September 1932) was a Bengali revolutionary nationalist who was influential in the Indian independence movement.

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Pulin Behari Das

Pulin Behari Das (পুলীনবিহারী দাশ) (24 January 1877 – 17 August 1949) was an Indian revolutionary and the founder-president of the Dhaka Anushilan Samiti.

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Punjab

The Punjab, also spelled Panjab (land of "five rivers"; Punjabi: پنجاب (Shahmukhi); ਪੰਜਾਬ (Gurumukhi); Πενταποταμία, Pentapotamia) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northern India.

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Punjab Province (British India)

Punjab, also spelled Panjab, was a province of British India.

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Rabindra Puraskar

The Rabindra Puraskar or the Rabindra Smriti Puraskar is the highest honorary literary award given in the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Rajnagar Upazila

See Rajnagar for disambiguation Raj Nagar (রাজনগর) is an Upazila of the Moulvibazar District in the Division of Sylhet, Bangladesh.

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Ram Prasad Bismil

Ram Prasad Bismil (11 June 1897 – 19 December 1927) was an Indian revolutionary who participated in Mainpuri conspiracy of 1918, and the Kakori conspiracy of 1925, and struggled against British imperialism.

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Rash Behari Bose

Rash Behari Bose (রাসবিহারী বসু Rashbihari Boshu; 25 May 188621 January 1945) was an Indian revolutionary leader against the British Raj and was one of the key organisers of the Ghadar Mutiny and later the Indian National Army.

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Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh

Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, abbreviated as RSS (Rāṣṭrīya Svayamsēvaka Saṅgha, IPA:, lit. "National Volunteer Organisation" or "National Patriotic Organisation"), is an Indian right-wing, Hindu nationalist, paramilitary volunteer organisation that is widely regarded as the parent organisation of the ruling party of India, the Bharatiya Janata Party.

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Revolutionary movement for Indian independence

The Revolutionary movement for Indian independence is a part of the Indian independence movement comprising the actions of the underground revolutionary factions.

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Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)

Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP) is a political party in India.

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Robert Nathan (intelligence officer)

Sir Robert Nathan, KCSI, CIE (1868–1921) was a British intelligence official notable for his works against the Indian revolutionaries in Bengal, Britain and North America.

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Robert Warrand Carlyle

Sir Robert Warrand Carlyle KCSI, CIE (11 July 1859 – 23 May 1934), was an Indian Civil Servant, and historian on Western medieval period.

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Rodda company arms heist

The Rodda company arms heist took place on 26 August 1914 in Calcutta, British India.

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Rowlatt Act

The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, popularly known as the Rowlatt Act and also known as the Black Act, was a legislative act passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in Delhi on March 18, 1919, indefinitely extending the emergency measures of preventive indefinite detention, incarceration without trial and judicial review enacted in the Defence of India Act 1915 during the First World War.

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Rowlatt Committee

The Rowlatt committee was a Sedition Committee appointed in 1917 by the British Indian Government with Justice Rowlatt, an English judge, as its president.

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Sachindra Nath Sanyal

Sachindra Nath Sanyal was an Indian revolutionary and a founder of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA, which after 1928 became the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association) that was created to carry out armed resistance against the British Empire in India.

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Salt March

The Salt March, also known as the Dandi March and the Dandi Satyagraha, was an act of nonviolent civil disobedience in colonial India led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi to produce salt from the seawater in the coastal village of Dandi (now in Gujarat), as was the practice of the local populace until British officials introduced taxation on salt production, deemed their sea-salt reclamation activities illegal, and then repeatedly used force to stop it.

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Sarala Devi

Sarala Devi (9 August 1904 – 4 October 1986) was an Indian independence activist, feminist, social activist, politician and writer.

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Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay

Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, alternatively spelt as Sarat Chandra Chatterjee (15 September 1876 – 16 January 1938), was a prominent Bengali novelist and short story writer of the early 20th century.

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Satyendra Nath Bose

Satyendra Nath Bose, (সত্যেন্দ্র নাথ বসু Sôtyendronath Bosu,; 1 January 1894 – 4 February 1974) was an Indian physicist specialising in theoretical physics.

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Secretary of State for India

The Secretary of State for India or India Secretary was the British Cabinet minister and the political head of the India Office responsible for the governance of the British Raj (India), Aden, and Burma.

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Shakti

Shakti (Devanagari: शक्ति, IAST: Śakti;.lit “power, ability, strength, might, effort, energy, capability”), is the primordial cosmic energy and represents the dynamic forces that are thought to move through the entire universe in Hinduism and Shaktism.

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Shaktism

Shaktism (Sanskrit:, lit., "doctrine of energy, power, the Goddess") is a major tradition of Hinduism, wherein the metaphysical reality is considered feminine and the Devi (goddess) is supreme.

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Shramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal

Shramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal (Workers Peasants Socialist Party), a Marxist-Leninist political party in Bangladesh.

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Sister Nivedita

Bhagini (Sister) Nivedita (born Margaret Elizabeth Noble; 28 October 1867 – 13 October 1911) was an Irish teacher, author, social activist, school founder and disciple of Swami Vivekananda.

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Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)

The Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) or SUCI(C), previously called the Socialist Unity Centre of India and "Socialist Unity Centre" is a communist party in India.

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Special Branch

Special Branch is a label customarily used to identify units responsible for matters of national security and intelligence in British and Commonwealth police forces, as well as in Ireland and the Royal Malaysian Police.

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Sri Aurobindo

Sri Aurobindo (born Aurobindo Ghose; 15 August 1872 – 5 December 1950) was an Indian philosopher, yogi, guru, poet, and nationalist.

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Subhas Chandra Bose

Subhas Chandra Bose (23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945) was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India, but whose attempt during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a troubled legacy.

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Subodh Chandra Mallik

Subodh Chandra Basu Mallik (9 February 1879 – 14 November 1920), commonly known as Raja Subodh Mallik, was a Bengali Indian Industrialist, Philanthropist and nationalist.

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Sumit Sarkar

Sumit Sarkar (Bengali সুমিত সরকার) (born 1939) is an Indian historian of modern India.

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Sundarbans

The Sundarbans is a vast forest in the coastal region of the Bay of Bengal and considered one of the natural wonders of the world.

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Surendranath Banerjee

Sir Surendranath Banerjee (সুরেন্দ্রনাথ বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়) (10 November 18486 August 1925) was one of the earliest Indian political leaders during the British Raj.

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Surendranath Tagore

Surendranath Tagore (1872–1940) was a Bengali author, literary scholar, and translator.

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Surya Sen

Surya Sen (22 March 189412 January 1934) was a revolutionary who was influential in the Indian independence movement (against British rule) and who is noted for leading the 1930 Chittagong armoury raid In Chittagong of Bengal in British India (now in Bangladesh).

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Swadeshi movement

The Swadeshi movement, part of the Indian independence movement and the developing Indian nationalism, was an economic strategy aimed at removing the British Empire from power and improving economic conditions in India by following the principles of swadeshi and which had some success.

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Swami Vivekananda

Swami Vivekananda (12 January 1863 – 4 July 1902), born Narendranath Datta, was an Indian Hindu monk, a chief disciple of the 19th-century Indian mystic Ramakrishna.

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Tagore family

The Tagore Family, with over three hundred years of history,Deb, Chitra, pp 64–65.

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Tarak Nath Das

Taraknath Das (or Tarak Nath Das) (তারকনাথ দাস) (15 June 1884 – 22 December 1958) was an anti-British Bengali Indian revolutionary and internationalist scholar.

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Tripura (princely state)

Tripura State, also known as Hill Tipperah, was a princely state in India during the period of the British Raj and for some two years after the departure of the British.

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Trotskyism

Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky.

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Turn state's evidence

A criminal turns state's evidence by admitting guilt and testifying as a witness for the state against his associate(s) or accomplice(s), often in exchange for leniency in sentencing or immunity from prosecution.

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Ultadanga

Ultadanga is one of the most crowded junctions in Kolkata.

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United Provinces of British India

The United Provinces of British India, more commonly known as the United Provinces, was a province of British India, which came into existence on 3 January 1921 as a result of the renaming of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh.

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Uttam Kumar

Uttam Kumar (3 September 1926– 24 July 1980) (born as Arun Kumar Chatterjee) was an Indian film actor, director, producer, singer, composer, and playback singer who predominantly worked in Indian Cinema.

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Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh (IAST: Uttar Pradeś) is a state in northern India.

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Vaishya

Vaishya is one of the four varnas of the Hindu social order in Nepal and India.

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Vande Mataram

Vande Mataram (IAST) (English Translation: Mother, I bow to thee) is a Bengali poem written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in 1870s, which he included in his 1881 novel Anandamath.

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Varanasi

Varanasi, also known as Benares, Banaras (Banāras), or Kashi (Kāśī), is a city on the banks of the Ganges in the Uttar Pradesh state of North India, south-east of the state capital, Lucknow, and east of Allahabad.

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Vinayak Damodar Savarkar

Vinayak Damodar Savarkar (28 May 1883 – 26 February 1966) was an Indian pro-Hindutva activist, lawyer, politician, poet, writer and playwright.

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Vrindavan

Vrindavan is a town in the Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh, India.

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West Bengal

West Bengal (Paśchimbāṅga) is an Indian state, located in Eastern India on the Bay of Bengal.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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Writers' Building

The Writers' Building (translit), often shortened to just Writers, is the secretariat building of the State Government of West Bengal in India.

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Young Italy (historical)

Young Italy (La Giovane Italia) was a political movement for Italian youth (under age 40) founded in 1831 by Giuseppe Mazzini.

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10th Jats

The 10th Jats were an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army.

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1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine

The 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine, later came to be known as "The Great Revolt", was a nationalist uprising by Palestinian Arabs in Mandatory Palestine against the British administration of the Palestine Mandate, demanding Arab independence and the end of the policy of open-ended Jewish immigration and land purchases with the stated goal of establishing a "Jewish National Home". The dissent was directly influenced by the Qassamite rebellion, following the killing of Sheikh Izz ad-Din al-Qassam in 1935, as well as the declaration by Hajj Amin al-Husseini of 16 May 1936 as 'Palestine Day' and calling for a General Strike. The revolt was branded by many in the Jewish Yishuv as "immoral and terroristic", often comparing it to fascism and nazism. Ben Gurion however described Arab causes as fear of growing Jewish economic power, opposition to mass Jewish immigration and fear of the English identification with Zionism.Morris, 1999, p. 136. The general strike lasted from April to October 1936, initiating the violent revolt. The revolt consisted of two distinct phases.Norris, 2008, pp. 25, 45. The first phase was directed primarily by the urban and elitist Higher Arab Committee (HAC) and was focused mainly on strikes and other forms of political protest. By October 1936, this phase had been defeated by the British civil administration using a combination of political concessions, international diplomacy (involving the rulers of Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Transjordan and Yemen) and the threat of martial law. The second phase, which began late in 1937, was a violent and peasant-led resistance movement provoked by British repression in 1936 that increasingly targeted British forces. During this phase, the rebellion was brutally suppressed by the British Army and the Palestine Police Force using repressive measures that were intended to intimidate the Arab population and undermine popular support for the revolt. During this phase, a more dominant role on the Arab side was taken by the Nashashibi clan, whose NDP party quickly withdrew from the rebel Arab Higher Committee, led by the radical faction of Amin al-Husseini, and instead sided with the British – dispatching "Fasail al-Salam" (the "Peace Bands") in coordination with the British Army against nationalist and Jihadist Arab "Fasail" units (literally "bands"). According to official British figures covering the whole revolt, the army and police killed more than 2,000 Arabs in combat, 108 were hanged, and 961 died because of what they described as "gang and terrorist activities". In an analysis of the British statistics, Walid Khalidi estimates 19,792 casualties for the Arabs, with 5,032 dead: 3,832 killed by the British and 1,200 dead because of "terrorism", and 14,760 wounded. Over ten percent of the adult male Palestinian Arab population between 20 and 60 was killed, wounded, imprisoned or exiled. Estimates of the number of Palestinian Jews killed range from 91 to several hundred.Morris, 1999, p. 160. The Arab revolt in Mandatory Palestine was unsuccessful, and its consequences affected the outcome of the 1948 Palestine war.Morris, 1999, p. 159. It caused the British Mandate to give crucial support to pre-state Zionist militias like the Haganah, whereas on the Palestinian Arab side, the revolt forced the flight into exile of the main Palestinian Arab leader of the period, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem – Haj Amin al-Husseini.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anushilan_Samiti

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