Communication

279 relations: ABC News (Australia), Abraham Rabinovich, Abu Nidal Organization, Actual malice, Agence France-Presse, Agronomy, Aharon Uzan, Al Jazeera, Al-Aqsa Mosque, Aleksandar Vulin, Alexandroni Brigade, Aliyah, Aluf, Amir Peretz, An-Nekhel Fortress, Antisemitism in 21st-century France, Arab Legion, Ariel Sharon Park, Arutz Sheva, Associated Press, Avraham Adan, Bachir Gemayel, Bar Lev Line, Battalion, Battle for Jerusalem, Battle of Abu-Ageila (1967), Battle of Ismailia, Battles of Latrun (1948), BBC Four, BBC News, Beirut, Benjamin Netanyahu, Benny Morris, Binyamin Ben-Eliezer, Bloomberg News, Bolsheviks, Brest, Belarus, Brigade, Bulletproof vest, Cairo, Camp Ariel Sharon, Cardiac catheterization, Central Park, Centrism, Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Chief of General Staff (Israel), CNN, Cognition, Company (military unit), Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France, ..., Coordinated Universal Time, Council for Arab-British Understanding, Coup d'état, David Appel (businessman), David Ben-Gurion, David Chanoff, David Levy (Israeli politician), Death and funeral of Ariel Sharon, Defamation, Degel HaTorah, Democratic Movement for Change, Destroying angel (Bible), Diminutive, Division (military), Dome of the Rock, Dor (political party), Drill instructor, Egyptian Army, Egyptians, Ehud Barak, Ehud Olmert, Ehud Yaari, Eli Suissa, Elie Hobeika, Emil Grunzweig, Encirclement, Espionage, European Union, Fox News, Freddy Eytan, Front (military), Gadna (Israel), Gaza Strip, Gazprom, Gideon Patt, Golani Brigade, Greek island affair, Gush Emunim, Haaretz, Habib Shartouni, Habis al-Majali, Hadassah Medical Center, Haganah, Haim Arlosoroff, Haim Bar-Lev, HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed, Hebraization of surnames, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Henry Kamm, Herut, History of the Jews in France, Hypercholesterolemia, Hypertension, India, Infantry, Israel Defense Forces, Israel Standard Time, Israel State Archives, Israel Tal, Israel's Border Wars 1949–1956, Israel–Russia relations, Israeli Declaration of Independence, Israeli disengagement from Gaza, Israeli Labor Party, Israeli legislative election, 1973, Israeli legislative election, 1977, Israeli legislative election, 1981, Israeli legislative election, 2006, Israeli prime ministerial election, 2001, Israeli settlement, Israeli West Bank barrier, Jacques Chirac, Jerusalem, Jewish Virtual Library, Jordan, Jordan River, Kadima, Kahan Commission, Kataeb Party, Kfar Malal, Kidney failure, Kissufim, Law degree, Lebanese people (Shia Muslims), Liberal Party (Israel), Liberalism in Israel, Likud, London, Lung cancer, Lying in state, Mafraq, Mahmoud Abbas, Major general, Mandatory Palestine, Mapai, Martin Schlaff, Meimad, Meir Har-Zion, Melbourne, Menachem Begin, Menachem Mazuz, Menachem Mendel Schneerson, Military justice, Minister without portfolio, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Israel), Ministry of Construction (Israel), Ministry of Defense (Israel), Ministry of Economy (Israel), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel), Ministry of National Infrastructures, Energy and Water Resources, Mitchell Report (Arab–Israeli conflict), Mitla Pass, Mogilev, Mordechai Gur, Moshav, Moshe Dayan, Moshe Katsav, Moshe Nissim, Moshe Sharett, National unity government, NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, Negev, New Delhi, Obesity, Officer (armed forces), Omri Sharon, Operation Black Arrow, Operation Bulmus 6, Operation Defensive Shield, Operation Egged, Operation Elkayam, Operation Musketeer (1956), Operation Olive Leaves, Operation Opera, Operation Raviv, Operation Volcano (Israeli raid), Osprey Publishing, Oxford University Press, Palestine Liberation Organization, Palestinian fedayeen, Palestinian National Authority, Palestinians, Paratroopers Brigade, Peace Now, Persistent vegetative state, Philadelphia Daily News, Platoon, Prime Minister of Israel, Pulsa diNura, Qalqilya, Qibya massacre, Raanan Gissin, Ramat Gan, Rebbe (book), Reconnaissance, Reprisal operations, Road map for peace, Robert Fisk, Romania, Routledge, Russia, Sabra and Shatila massacre, San Francisco Chronicle, Second Army (Egypt), Second Intifada, Secularism, Shas, Shatila refugee camp, Sheba Medical Center, Shimon Peres, Shlomo Argov, Shlomtzion (political party), Simha Erlich, Simon & Schuster, Sinai Peninsula, Six-Day War, South African Defence Force, Southern Command (Israel), Soviet Union, Stern (magazine), Stroke, Subbotniks, Suez, Suez Canal, Suez Crisis, Surveillance aircraft, Sweet Water Canal, Syrian Social Nationalist Party, Tbilisi, Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University, Temple Mount, The Age, The Great War for Civilisation, The Guardian, The Independent, The Jewish Week, The New York Times, The Sydney Morning Herald, The Times of Israel, The Washington Post, Third Aliyah, Time (magazine), Unit 101, United States, United States Army Training and Doctrine Command, United States Department of State, United Torah Judaism, USA Today, Vladimir Putin, War crime, War of Attrition, Washington, D.C., West Bank, Xinhua News Agency, Yasser Arafat, Yehud-Monosson, Yisrael Beiteinu, Yitzhak Levy, Yitzhak Rabin, Yitzhak Shamir, Ynetnews, Yom Kippur War, Yosef Dayan, 1948 Arab–Israeli War, 1948 Palestine war, 1982 Lebanon War, 2000 Camp David Summit, 319th Division. 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ABC News (Australia)

ABC News is a national news service in Australia produced by the News and Current Affairs division of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

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Abraham Rabinovich

Abraham Rabinovich is a historian and journalist who has published several books on recent Jewish history.

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Abu Nidal Organization

The Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) is the most common name for the Palestinian militant group Fatah – The Revolutionary Council (Fatah al-Majles al-Thawry).

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Actual malice

Actual malice in United States law is a legal requirement imposed upon public officials or public figures when they file suit for libel (defamatory printed communications).

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Agence France-Presse

Agence France-Presse (AFP) is an international news agency headquartered in Paris, France.

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Agronomy

Agronomy (Ancient Greek ἀγρός agrós 'field' + νόμος nómos 'law') is the science and technology of producing and using plants for food, fuel, fiber, and land reclamation.

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Aharon Uzan

Aharon Uzan (אהרן אוז, 1 November 1924 – 23 January 2007) was an Israeli politician who held several ministerial portfolios between the mid-1960s and mid-1980s.

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Al Jazeera

Al Jazeera (translit,, literally "The Island", though referring to the Arabian Peninsula in context), also known as JSC (Jazeera Satellite Channel), is a state-funded broadcaster in Doha, Qatar, owned by the Al Jazeera Media Network.

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Al-Aqsa Mosque

Al-Aqsa Mosque (Al-Masjid al-Aqṣā,, "the Farthest Mosque"), located in the Old City of Jerusalem, is the third holiest site in Islam.

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Aleksandar Vulin

Aleksandar Vulin (Александар Вулин, born in 1972) is a Serbian lawyer and politician.

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Alexandroni Brigade

The Alexandroni Brigade (3rd Brigade) is an Israel Defense Forces brigade that fought in the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.

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Aliyah

Aliyah (עֲלִיָּה aliyah, "ascent") is the immigration of Jews from the diaspora to the Land of Israel (Eretz Israel in Hebrew).

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Aluf

Aluf (אלוף, lit. "champion") is the term used in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) for officers who in other countries would have the rank of general, air marshal, or admiral.

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Amir Peretz

Amir Peretz (עמיר פרץ; born Armand Peretz on 9 March 1952) is an Israeli politician who currently serves as a member of the Knesset for the Zionist Union.

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An-Nekhel Fortress

The Fortress of an-Nekhel is a Ksar (castle) located in the Nekhel Municipality of the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt.

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Antisemitism in 21st-century France

Antisemitism in France has become heightened since the late 20th century and into the 21st century.

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Arab Legion

The Arab Legion was the regular army of Transjordan and then Jordan in the early part of the 20th century.

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Ariel Sharon Park

Ariel Sharon Park is an environmental park established on the former Hiriya (חירייה) waste dump located southeast of Tel Aviv, Israel.

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Arutz Sheva

Arutz Sheva (lit), also known in English as Israel National News, is an Israeli media network identifying with Religious Zionism.

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Associated Press

The Associated Press (AP) is a U.S.-based not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.

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Avraham Adan

Avraham "Bren" Adan (אברהם "ברן" אדן, 5 October 1926.

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Bachir Gemayel

Bachir Gemayel (Bashīr al-Jimayyel, also romanized al-Jumayyil and El Gemaiel.; 10 November 1947 – 14 September 1982), also Bashir Gemayel, was a Lebanese leader and president-elect.

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Bar Lev Line

The Bar Lev Line (קו בר לב, Kav Bar Lev; خط بارليف, Khaṭṭ Barlīf) was a chain of fortifications built by Israel along the eastern bank of the Suez Canal after it captured the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt during the 1967 Six-Day War.

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Battalion

A battalion is a military unit.

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Battle for Jerusalem

The Battle for Jerusalem occurred from December 1947 to 18 July 1948, during the 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine.

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Battle of Abu-Ageila (1967)

The Battle of Abu-Ageila was a military confrontation between the Israeli and Egyptian militaries in the June 1967 Six-Day War.

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Battle of Ismailia

The Battle of Ismailia took place between the Egyptian Army and the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) during the last stages of the Yom Kippur War during October 18–22, 1973, south of the city of Ismailia, on the west bank of the Suez Canal in Egypt.

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Battles of Latrun (1948)

The Battles of Latrun were a series of military engagements between the Israel Defense Forces and the Jordanian Arab Legion on the outskirts of Latrun between 25 May and 18 July 1948, during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

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BBC Four

BBC Four is a British television channel operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation and available to digital television viewers on Freeview, IPTV, satellite, and cable.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.

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Beirut

Beirut (بيروت, Beyrouth) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.

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Benjamin Netanyahu

Benjamin "Bibi" Netanyahu (born 21 October 1949) is an Israeli politician serving as the 9th and current Prime Minister of Israel since 2009, previously holding the position from 1996 to 1999.

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Benny Morris

Benny Morris (בני מוריס; born 8 December 1948) is an Israeli historian.

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Binyamin Ben-Eliezer

Binyamin Ben-Eliezer (בנימין בן אליעזר; 12 February 1936 – 28 August 2016) was an Iraqi-born Israeli politician and general.

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Bloomberg News

Bloomberg News is an international news agency headquartered in New York, United States and a division of Bloomberg L.P. Content produced by Bloomberg News is disseminated through Bloomberg Terminals, Bloomberg Television, Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Businessweek, Bloomberg Markets, Bloomberg.com and Bloomberg's mobile platforms.

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Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki (p; derived from bol'shinstvo (большинство), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority"), were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

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Brest, Belarus

Brest (Брэст There is also the name "Berestye", but it is found only in the Old Russian language and Tarashkevich., Брест Brest, Берестя Berestia, בריסק Brisk), formerly Brest-Litoŭsk (Брэст-Лiтоўск) (Brest-on-the-Bug), is a city (population 340,141 in 2016) in Belarus at the border with Poland opposite the Polish city of Terespol, where the Bug and Mukhavets rivers meet.

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Brigade

A brigade is a major tactical military formation that is typically composed of three to six battalions plus supporting elements.

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Bulletproof vest

A ballistic vest or bullet-resistant vest, often called a bulletproof vest, is an item of personal armor that helps absorb the impact and reduce or stop penetration to the body from firearm-fired projectiles- and shrapnel from explosions, and is worn on the torso.

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Cairo

Cairo (القاهرة) is the capital of Egypt.

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Camp Ariel Sharon

Camp Ariel Sharon (מחנה אריאל שרון), also called the City of Training Bases (עיר הבה"דים), is a complex of military bases under construction in southern Israel, belonging to the Israel Defense Forces and named after the former Major General Ariel Sharon.

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Cardiac catheterization

Cardiac catheterization (heart cath) is the insertion of a catheter into a chamber or vessel of the heart.

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Central Park

Central Park is an urban park in Manhattan, New York City.

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Centrism

In politics, centrism—the centre (British English/Canadian English/Australian English) or the center (American English/Philippine English)—is a political outlook or specific position that involves acceptance or support of a balance of a degree of social equality and a degree of social hierarchy, while opposing political changes which would result in a significant shift of society either strongly to the left or the right.

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Cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), also known as congophilic angiopathy, is a form of angiopathy in which amyloid deposits form in the walls of the blood vessels of the central nervous system.

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Chief of General Staff (Israel)

The Chief of the General Staff, also known as the Commander-in-Chief of the Israel Defense Forces (Rosh HaMateh HaKlali, abbr. Ramatkal—), is the supreme commander and Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces.

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CNN

Cable News Network (CNN) is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel and an independent subsidiary of AT&T's WarnerMedia.

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Cognition

Cognition is "the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses".

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Company (military unit)

A company is a military unit, typically consisting of 80–150 soldiers and usually commanded by a major or a captain.

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Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France

Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France (CRIF) (Representative Council of French Jewish Institutions) is an umbrella organization of French Jewish organizations.

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Coordinated Universal Time

No description.

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Council for Arab-British Understanding

The Council for Arab-British Understanding (Caabu), is a not-for-profit organisation that works for a British Middle East policy rooted in support for international law, human rights and civil society.

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Coup d'état

A coup d'état, also known simply as a coup, a putsch, golpe de estado, or an overthrow, is a type of revolution, where the illegal and overt seizure of a state by the military or other elites within the state apparatus occurs.

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David Appel (businessman)

David Appel (דוד אפל, born 7 August 1950) is an Israeli businessman, general contractor, and Likud party activist.

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David Ben-Gurion

David Ben-Gurion (דָּוִד בֶּן-גּוּרִיּוֹן;, born David Grün; 16 October 1886 – 1 December 1973) was the primary national founder of the State of Israel and the first Prime Minister of Israel.

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David Chanoff

David Chanoff is a noted author of non-fiction work.

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David Levy (Israeli politician)

David Levy (דוד לוי, born 21 December 1937) is an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset between 1969 and 2006, as well as Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Immigrant Absorption, Minister of Housing and Construction and as a Minister without Portfolio.

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Death and funeral of Ariel Sharon

Former Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon died on 11 January 2014.

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Defamation

Defamation, calumny, vilification, or traducement is the communication of a false statement that, depending on the law of the country, harms the reputation of an individual, business, product, group, government, religion, or nation.

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Degel HaTorah

Degel HaTorah (דגל התורה, lit. Banner of the Torah) is an Ashkenazi Haredi political party in Israel.

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Democratic Movement for Change

The Democratic Movement for Change (תנועה דמוקרטית לשינוי, Tnu'a Demokratit LeShinui), commonly known by its Hebrew acronym Dash (Hebrew: ד"ש) was a short-lived and initially highly successful centrist political party in Israel.

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Destroying angel (Bible)

The destroying angel or angel of death in the Hebrew Bible is an entity sent out by Yahweh on several occasions to kill enemies of the Israelites.

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Diminutive

A diminutive is a word that has been modified to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment.

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Division (military)

A division is a large military unit or formation, usually consisting of between 10,000 and 20,000 soldiers.

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Dome of the Rock

The Dome of the Rock (قبة الصخرة Qubbat al-Sakhrah, כיפת הסלע Kippat ha-Sela) is an Islamic shrine located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem.

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Dor (political party)

Dor (דור בונה הארץ, lit. Generation who Built the Land, formerly known as Gil (an acronym for Gimla'ey Yisrael LaKnesset (Hebrew: גימלאי ישראל לכנסת), lit. Pensioners of Israel to the Knesset) is a center political party in Israel and was part of the governing coalition in the seventeenth Knesset. In the 2009 elections, Gil did not receive sufficient votes for representation in the Knesset. In preparation for the 2013 elections, the party took on Efraim Lapid as the chairperson and revamped its image into Dor.

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Drill instructor

A drill instructor is a non-commissioned officer in the armed forces or police forces with specific duties that vary by country.

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Egyptian Army

The Egyptian Army is the largest service branch within the Egyptian Armed Forces.

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Egyptians

Egyptians (مَصريين;; مِصريّون; Ni/rem/en/kīmi) are an ethnic group native to Egypt and the citizens of that country sharing a common culture and a common dialect known as Egyptian Arabic.

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Ehud Barak

Ehud Barak (Ehud_barak.ogg, born Ehud Brog; 12 February 1942) is an Israeli politician who served as the tenth Prime Minister from 1999 to 2001.

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Ehud Olmert

Ehud Olmert (אֶהוּד אוֹלְמֶרְט,; born 30 September 1945) is an Israeli politician and lawyer.

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Ehud Yaari

Ehud Yaari (אֵהוּד יָעָרִי; born 1 March 1945) is an Israeli journalist, author, television personality and political commentator.

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Eli Suissa

Rabbi Eliyahu "Eli" Suissa (אליהו "אלי" סויסה, born 1956) is a former Israeli politician who held several ministerial portfolios during the 1990s and early 2000s.

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Elie Hobeika

Elie Hobeika (22 September 1956 – 24 January 2002; إيلي حبيقة.) was a Lebanese Phalangist and Lebanese Forces commander during the Lebanese Civil War, and former MP.

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Emil Grunzweig

Emil Grunzweig (אמיל גרינצווייג) (December 1, 1947 – February 10, 1983) was an Israeli teacher and peace activist affiliated with the Peace Now movement.

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Encirclement

Encirclement is a military term for the situation when a force or target is isolated and surrounded by enemy forces.

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Espionage

Espionage or spying, is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information without the permission of the holder of the information.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Fox News

Fox News (officially known as the Fox News Channel, commonly abbreviated to FNC) is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel owned by the Fox Entertainment Group, a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox.

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Freddy Eytan

Freddy Eytan, (born January 1947) is an Israeli diplomat, former ambassador, writer and journalist.

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Front (military)

A military front or battlefront is a contested armed frontier between opposing forces.

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Gadna (Israel)

Gadna (גדנ״ע) is an Israeli military program that prepares young people for military service in the Israel Defense Forces.

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Gaza Strip

The Gaza Strip (The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p.761 "Gaza Strip /'gɑːzə/ a strip of territory under the control of the Palestinian National Authority and Hamas, on the SE Mediterranean coast including the town of Gaza...". قطاع غزة), or simply Gaza, is a self-governing Palestinian territory on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, that borders Egypt on the southwest for and Israel on the east and north along a border.

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Gazprom

Public Joint Stock Company Gazprom (Публи́чное акционе́рное о́бщество «Газпром», Publichnoe Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Gazprom, abbreviated PAO Gazprom, ПАО «Газпром») is a large Russian company founded in 1989, which carries on the business of extraction, production, transport, and sale of natural gas.

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Gideon Patt

Gideon Patt (גדעון פת, born 22 February 1933) is a former Israeli politician who served in several ministerial positions between the late 1970s and early 1980s.

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Golani Brigade

The 1st "Golani" Brigade (חֲטִיבַת גּוֹלָנִי) is an Israeli regular service infantry brigade that is subordinated to the 36th Division and traditionally associated with the Northern Command.

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Greek island affair

The Greek island affair (פרשת האי היווני, Parashat HaEe HaYevani) was an Israeli political scandal involving David Appel, Ariel Sharon, at the time a minister in the Likud party, and others close to Sharon.

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Gush Emunim

Gush Emunim (גּוּשׁ אֱמוּנִים, Bloc of the Faithful) was an Israeli Orthodox Jewish, messianic, right-wing activist movement committed to establishing Jewish settlements in the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and the Golan Heights.

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Haaretz

Haaretz (הארץ) (lit. "The Land ", originally Ḥadashot Ha'aretz – חדשות הארץ, – "News of the Land ") is an Israeli newspaper.

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Habib Shartouni

Habib Tanious Shartouni (born April 24, 1958) (حبيب الشرتوني) is the convicted assassin of the Lebanese president-elect Bachir Gemayel.

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Habis al-Majali

Field Marshal Habis al-Majali (Arabic: حابس المجالي; ‎ 1914 – April 22, 2001) was a noted Jordanian soldier from the southern city of Al Karak, Habis served as Chief of staff, Jordanian Armed Forces 1958-1975, Minister of Defence 1967-1968, and 20-year member of the Jordanian Senate for 5 terms (1967, 1984, 1989, 1993 and 1997).

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Hadassah Medical Center

Hadassah Medical Center (מרכז רפואי הדסה) is an Israeli medical organization established in 1934 that operates two university hospitals at Ein Kerem and Mount Scopus in Jerusalem as well as schools of medicine, dentistry, nursing, and pharmacology affiliated with the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

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Haganah

Haganah (הַהֲגָנָה, lit. The Defence) was a Jewish paramilitary organization in the British Mandate of Palestine (1921–48), which became the core of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).

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Haim Arlosoroff

Haim Arlosoroff (February 23, 1899 – June 16, 1933; also Arlozorov; חיים ארלוזורוב) was a Zionist leader of the Yishuv during the British Mandate for Palestine, prior to the establishment of Israel, and head of the Political Department of the Jewish Agency.

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Haim Bar-Lev

Haim "Kidoni" Bar-Lev (חיים בר-לב, 16 November 1924 – 7 May 1994) was a military officer during Israel's pre-state and early statehood eras and later a government minister.

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HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed

Histadrut HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed (הסתדרות הנוער העובד והלומד, lit. "Federation of Young Students and Workers" and most commonly translated as Working and Studying Youth), abbreviated No'al, is an Israeli youth movement, a sister movement of Habonim Dror, and affiliated with the Labor Zionist movement.

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Hebraization of surnames

The Hebraization of surnames (also Hebraicization) (עברות, Ivrut, "Hebraization") is the act of adopting a Hebrew surname in exchange for their diaspora names.

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Hebrew University of Jerusalem

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים, Ha-Universita ha-Ivrit bi-Yerushalayim; الجامعة العبرية في القدس, Al-Jami'ah al-Ibriyyah fi al-Quds; abbreviated HUJI) is Israel's second oldest university, established in 1918, 30 years before the establishment of the State of Israel.

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Henry Kamm

Henry Kamm (born June 3, 1925 in Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland) was a correspondent for The New York Times. He reported for the Times from Southeast Asia (based in Bangkok), Europe, the Middle East and Africa. In 1969, Kamm won the George Polk Award for Foreign Reporting. Kamm won the Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting in 1978 for his coverage of the plight of refugees from Indochina.

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Herut

Herut (חרות, Freedom) was the major right-wing nationalist political party in Israel from 1948 until its formal merger into Likud in 1988.

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History of the Jews in France

The history of the Jews in France deals with the Jews and Jewish communities in France.

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Hypercholesterolemia

Hypercholesterolemia, also called high cholesterol, is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood.

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Hypertension

Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Infantry

Infantry is the branch of an army that engages in military combat on foot, distinguished from cavalry, artillery, and tank forces.

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Israel Defense Forces

The Israel Defense Forces (IDF; צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit. "The Army of Defense for Israel"; جيش الدفاع الإسرائيلي), commonly known in Israel by the Hebrew acronym Tzahal, are the military forces of the State of Israel.

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Israel Standard Time

Israel Standard Time (IST) (שעון ישראל, lit. "Israel Time") is the standard time zone in Israel.

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Israel State Archives

Israel State Archives (ISA) is the national archive of Israel, located in Jerusalem.

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Israel Tal

Israel Tal (ישראל טל, September 13, 1924, – September 8, 2010) also known as Talik (Hebrew: טליק), was an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) general known for his knowledge of tank warfare and for leading the development of Israel's Merkava tank.

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Israel's Border Wars 1949–1956

Israel's Border Wars 1949–1956 is a 1993 book written by Benny Morris about the Arab infiltration from Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria into Israel after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and before the 1956 Suez Crisis.

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Israel–Russia relations

Israel–Russia relations refers to the bilateral foreign relations between the two countries, Israel and Russia.

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Israeli Declaration of Independence

The Israeli Declaration of Independence,Hebrew: הכרזת העצמאות, Hakhrazat HaAtzma'ut/מגילת העצמאות Megilat HaAtzma'utArabic: وثيقة إعلان قيام دولة إسرائيل, Wathiqat 'iielan qiam dawlat 'iisrayiyl formally the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (הכרזה על הקמת מדינת ישראל), was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708) by David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist OrganizationThen known as the Zionist Organization.

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Israeli disengagement from Gaza

The Israeli disengagement from Gaza (תוכנית ההתנתקות,; in the Disengagement Plan Implementation Law), also known as "Gaza expulsion" and "Hitnatkut", was the withdrawal of the Israeli army from inside the Gaza Strip, and the dismantling of all Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip in 2005.

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Israeli Labor Party

The Israeli Labor Party (מִפְלֶגֶת הָעֲבוֹדָה הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִית, translit.), commonly known as HaAvoda (הָעֲבוֹדָה), is a social democratic and Zionist political party in Israel.

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Israeli legislative election, 1973

The Elections for the eighth Knesset were held on 31 December 1973.

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Israeli legislative election, 1977

The Elections for the ninth Knesset were held on 17 May 1977.

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Israeli legislative election, 1981

Knesset elections were held in Israel on 30 June 1981.

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Israeli legislative election, 2006

Elections for the 17th Knesset were held in Israel on 28 March 2006.

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Israeli prime ministerial election, 2001

Elections for Prime Minister were held in Israel on 6 February 2001 following the resignation of the incumbent, Labour's Ehud Barak.

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Israeli settlement

Israeli settlements are civilian communities inhabited by Israeli citizens, almost exclusively of Jewish ethnicity, built predominantly on lands within the Palestinian territories, which Israel has militarily occupied since the 1967 Six-Day War, and partly on lands considered Syrian territory also militarily occupied by Israel since the 1967 war.

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Israeli West Bank barrier

The Israeli West Bank barrier or wall (for further names see here) is a separation barrier in the West Bank or along the Green Line.

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Jacques Chirac

Jacques René Chirac (born 29 November 1932) is a French politician who served as President of France and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra from 1995 to 2007.

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Jerusalem

Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם; القُدس) is a city in the Middle East, located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.

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Jewish Virtual Library

The Jewish Virtual Library ("JVL", formerly known as JSOURCE) is an online encyclopedia published by the American–Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE).

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Jordan

Jordan (الْأُرْدُنّ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River.

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Jordan River

The Jordan River (also River Jordan; נְהַר הַיַּרְדֵּן Nahar ha-Yarden, ܢܗܪܐ ܕܝܘܪܕܢܢ, نَهْر الْأُرْدُنّ Nahr al-Urdunn, Ancient Greek: Ιορδάνης, Iordànes) is a -long river in the Middle East that flows roughly north to south through the Sea of Galilee (Hebrew: כנרת Kinneret, Arabic: Bohayrat Tabaraya, meaning Lake of Tiberias) and on to the Dead Sea.

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Kadima

Kadima (lit) was a centrist and liberal political party in Israel.

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Kahan Commission

The Kahan Commission (ועדת כהן), formally known as the Commission of Inquiry into the Events at the Refugee Camps in Beirut, was established by the Israeli government on 28 September 1982, to investigate the Sabra and Shatila massacre (16–18 September 1982).

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Kataeb Party

The Lebanese Phalanges Party (حزب الكتائب اللبنانية), better known in English as the Phalange (الكتائب), is a Christian Democratic political party in Lebanon.

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Kfar Malal

Kfar Malal (כְּפַר מַלָּ"ל) is a moshav in central Israel.

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Kidney failure

Kidney failure, also known as end-stage kidney disease, is a medical condition in which the kidneys no longer work.

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Kissufim

Kissufim (כִּסּוּפִים, lit. Yearning) is a community in the northwestern Negev desert in Israel.

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Law degree

A law degree is an academic degree conferred for studies in law.

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Lebanese people (Shia Muslims)

Lebanese people refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Shia branch of Islam in Lebanon, which is the largest Muslim denomination in the country tied with Sunni Muslims.

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Liberal Party (Israel)

The Israeli Liberal Party (מפלגה ליברלית ישראלית, Miflaga Libralit Yisraelit) was a political party in Israel and is one of the ancestors of the modern-day Likud.

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Liberalism in Israel

Liberalism has played a role in the political history of Israel since Israel's founding.

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Likud

Likud (הַלִּיכּוּד, translit. HaLikud, lit., The Consolidation), officially, the Likud-National Liberal Movement, is a centre-right to right-wing political party in Israel.

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London

London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.

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Lung cancer

Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.

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Lying in state

Lying in state is the tradition in which the body of a dead official is placed in a state building, either outside or inside a coffin, to allow the public to pay their respects.

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Mafraq

Mafraq (المفرق Al-Mafraq, local dialects: Mafrag or Mafra', "crossroads") is the capital city of Mafraq Governorate in Jordan, located 80 km to the north from the capital Amman in crossroad to Syria to the north and Iraq to the east.

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Mahmoud Abbas

Mahmoud Abbas (مَحْمُود عَبَّاس,; born 15 November 1935), also known by the kunya Abu Mazen (أَبُو مَازِن), is the President of the State of Palestine and Palestinian National Authority. He has been the Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) since 11 November 2004, and Palestinian president since 15 January 2005 (Palestinian National Authority since 15 January 2005, and State of Palestine since 8 May 2005). Abbas is a member of the Fatah party and was elected Chairman of Fatah in 2009. Abbas was elected on 9 January 2005 to serve as President of the Palestinian National Authority until 15 January 2009, but extended his term until the next election in 2010, citing the PLO constitution, and on December 16, 2009 was voted into office indefinitely by the PLO Central Council. As a result, Fatah's main rival, Hamas, initially announced that it would not recognize the extension or view Abbas as the rightful president. The Jerusalem Post (9 January 2009) Yet, Abbas is internationally recognized and Hamas and Fatah conducted numerous negotiations in the following years, leading to an agreement in April 2014 over a Unity Government, which lasted until October 2016, and therefore to the recognition of his office by Hamas. Abbas was also chosen as the President of the State of Palestine by the Palestine Liberation Organization's Central Council on 23 November 2008, a position he had held unofficially since 8 May 2005. Abbas served as the first Prime Minister of the Palestinian Authority from March to September 2003. Before being named prime minister, Abbas led the PLO Negotiations Affairs Department.

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Major general

Major general (abbreviated MG, Maj. Gen. and similar) is a military rank used in many countries.

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Mandatory Palestine

Mandatory Palestine (فلسطين; פָּלֶשְׂתִּינָה (א"י), where "EY" indicates "Eretz Yisrael", Land of Israel) was a geopolitical entity under British administration, carved out of Ottoman Syria after World War I. British civil administration in Palestine operated from 1920 until 1948.

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Mapai

Mapai (מַפָּא"י, an acronym for, Mifleget Poalei Eretz Yisrael, lit. "Workers' Party of the Land of Israel") was a centre-left political party in Israel, and was the dominant force in Israeli politics until its merger into the modern-day Israeli Labor Party in 1968.

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Martin Schlaff

Martin Schlaff (born 6 August 1953) is an Austrian businessman.

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Meimad

Meimad (מימד, an acronym for Medina Yehudit, Medina Demokratit, lit., Jewish State, Democratic State) is a left-wing religious Zionist political party in Israel.

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Meir Har-Zion

Meir Har-Zion (מאיר הר ציון; February 25, 1934 – March 14, 2014) was an Israeli military commando.

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Melbourne

Melbourne is the state capital of Victoria and the second-most populous city in Australia and Oceania.

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Menachem Begin

Menachem Begin (Menaḥem Begin,; Menakhem Volfovich Begin; 16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992) was an Israeli politician, founder of Likud and the sixth Prime Minister of Israel.

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Menachem Mazuz

Menachem "Meni" Mazuz (מנחם מזוז; born April 30, 1955) is an Israeli jurist and Supreme Court justice, who served as the Israeli Attorney General in the years 2004–2010.

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Menachem Mendel Schneerson

Menachem Mendel Schneerson (April 18, 1902 OS – June 12, 1994 / AM 11 Nissan 5662 – 3 Tammuz 5754), known to many as the Lubavitcher Rebbe or simply as the Rebbe, was a Russian Empire–born American Orthodox Jewish rabbi, and the last rebbe of the Lubavitcher Hasidic dynasty.

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Military justice

Military justice (or military law) is the body of laws and procedures governing members of the armed forces.

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Minister without portfolio

A minister without portfolio is either a government minister with no specific responsibilities or a minister who does not head a particular ministry.

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Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Israel)

The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Israel (משרד החקלאות ופיתוח הכפר, Misrad HaHakla'ut UFitu'ah HaKfar) is the ministry of the Israeli government that oversees the country's agricultural industry.

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Ministry of Construction (Israel)

The Ministry of Construction and Housing (מִשְׂרַד הַבִּנּוּי, Misrad HaBinui) is a portfolio in the Israeli cabinet.

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Ministry of Defense (Israel)

The Ministry of Defense (מִשְׂרַד הַבִּטָּחוֹן, Misrad HaBitahon) of the government of Israel, is the governmental department responsible for defending the State of Israel from internal and external military threats.

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Ministry of Economy (Israel)

The Ministry of Economy (משרד הכלכלה, Misrad HaKalkala) is a ministry of the Israeli government that oversees commerce, industry and labor in Israel.

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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)

The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs (מִשְׂרַד הַחוּץ, translit. Misrad HaHutz; وزارة الخارجية الإسرائيلية) is one of the most important ministries in the Israeli government.

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Ministry of National Infrastructures, Energy and Water Resources

The Ministry of National Infrastructures, Energy and Water Resources (משרד התשתיות הלאומיות, האנרגיה והמים) is the Israeli government ministry responsible for energy and water infrastructure.

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Mitchell Report (Arab–Israeli conflict)

The Mitchell Report, officially the Sharm el-Sheikh Fact-Finding Committee Report is a report that was created by an international fact-finding committee, led by former US Senator George Mitchell.

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Mitla Pass

The Mitla Pass (ممر متلة, מיתלה) is a 480 meter-high, 32 km-long snaky pass in the Sinai of Egypt, wedged between mountain ranges to the north and south, located about 50 km east of Suez.

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Mogilev

Mogilev (or Mahilyow; Магілёў,; Łacinka: Mahiloŭ; Могилёв,; מאָליעוו, Molyev) is a city in eastern Belarus, about from the border with Russia's Smolensk Oblast and from the border with Russia's Bryansk Oblast.

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Mordechai Gur

Lt.

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Moshav

Moshav (מוֹשָׁב, plural, lit. settlement, village) is a type of Israeli town or settlement, in particular a type of cooperative agricultural community of individual farms pioneered by the Labour Zionists during the second wave of ''aliyah''.

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Moshe Dayan

Moshe Dayan (משה דיין; 20 May 1915 – 16 October 1981) was an Israeli military leader and politician.

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Moshe Katsav

Moshe Katsav (מֹשֶׁה קַצָּב; born 5 December 1945 in Yazd, Iran) is an Iranian-born Israeli former politician who was the eighth President of Israel from 2000 to 2007.

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Moshe Nissim

Moshe Nissim (משה נסים, born 10 April 1935) is a former Israeli politician, minister and Deputy Prime Minister.

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Moshe Sharett

Moshe Sharett (משה שרת, born Moshe Shertok (Hebrew)‎ 15 October 1894 – 7 July 1965) was the second Prime Minister of Israel (1954–55), serving for a little under two years between David Ben-Gurion's two terms.

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National unity government

A national unity government, government of national unity, or national union government is a broad coalition government consisting of all parties (or all major parties) in the legislature, usually formed during a time of war or other national emergency.

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NATO bombing of Yugoslavia

The NATO bombing of Yugoslavia was the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation's (NATO) military operation against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) during the Kosovo War.

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Negev

The Negev (הַנֶּגֶב, Tiberian vocalization:; النقب an-Naqab) is a desert and semidesert region of southern Israel.

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New Delhi

New Delhi is an urban district of Delhi which serves as the capital of India and seat of all three branches of Government of India.

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Obesity

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health.

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Officer (armed forces)

An officer is a member of an armed force or uniformed service who holds a position of authority.

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Omri Sharon

Omri Sharon (עמרי שרון, born 19 August 1964) is a former Israeli politician.

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Operation Black Arrow

Operation Black Arrow (מבצע חץ שחור Mivtza Ḥetz Shaḥor) was an Israeli military operation carried out in Gaza (while under Egyptian control) on 28 February 1955.

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Operation Bulmus 6

Operation Bulmus 6, also known as the Green Island Raid, was a military raid conducted by special operations units of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) against an Egyptian early warning radar and ELINT station located on a small island in the Gulf of Suez on the night of July 19, 1969.

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Operation Defensive Shield

Operation "Defensive Shield" (מבצע חומת מגן Mivtza Homat Magen, literally "Operation Defensive Wall") was a large-scale military operation conducted by the Israel Defense Forces in 2002 during the course of the Second Intifada.

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Operation Egged

Operation Egged (מִבְצָע אֶגֶד), also known as the Kuntilla operation, was an Israeli military operation carried out on night of October 28–29, 1955 that targeted an Egyptian military post at Kuntilla, located in northeastern Sinai.

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Operation Elkayam

Operation Elkayam (מבצע אלקיים) also known as the Khan Yunis raid, was an Israeli military operation that targeted Egyptian military positions in the Khan Yunis area.

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Operation Musketeer (1956)

Operation Musketeer (Opération Mousquetaire) was the Anglo-French plan for the invasion of the Suez canal zone to capture the Suez Canal during the Suez Crisis in 1956.

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Operation Olive Leaves

Operation Olive Leaves (מבצע עלי זית, Mivtza ʿAlei Zayit) also known as Operation Kinneret (the Hebrew name for the Sea of Galilee) was an Israeli reprisal operation undertaken on December 10–11, 1955, against fortified Syrian emplacements near the north-eastern shores of the Sea of Galilee.

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Operation Opera

Operation Opera (מבצע אופרה‎‎.), also known as Operation Babylon, was a surprise Israeli air strike carried out on 7 June 1981, which destroyed an Iraqi nuclear reactor under construction 17 kilometers (10.5 miles) southeast of Baghdad.

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Operation Raviv

Operation Raviv (רביב, Drizzle), also known as the Ten-Hour War, was a mounted raid conducted by the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) on Egypt's Red Sea coast during the War of Attrition.

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Operation Volcano (Israeli raid)

Operation Volcano (מבצע הר געש, Mivtza Har Ga'ash), also known as Operation Sabcha, was a large-scale Israel Defense Forces (IDF) military operation carried out on the night of November 2–3, 1955 against Egyptian military positions in and around the Nitzana/Auja vicinity.

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Osprey Publishing

Osprey Publishing is an Oxford-based publishing company specializing in military history.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Palestine Liberation Organization

The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO; منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية) is an organization founded in 1964 with the purpose of the "liberation of Palestine" through armed struggle, with much of its violence aimed at Israeli civilians.

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Palestinian fedayeen

Palestinian fedayeen (from the Arabic fidā'ī, plural fidā'iyūn, فدائيون) are militants or guerrillas of a nationalist orientation from among the Palestinian people.

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Palestinian National Authority

The Palestinian National Authority (PA or PNA; السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية) is the interim self-government body established in 1994 following the Gaza–Jericho Agreement to govern the Gaza Strip and Areas A and B of the West Bank, as a consequence of the 1993 Oslo Accords.

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Palestinians

The Palestinian people (الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha‘b al-Filasṭīnī), also referred to as Palestinians (الفلسطينيون, al-Filasṭīniyyūn, פָלַסְטִינִים) or Palestinian Arabs (العربي الفلسطيني, al-'arabi il-filastini), are an ethnonational group comprising the modern descendants of the peoples who have lived in Palestine over the centuries, including Jews and Samaritans, and who today are largely culturally and linguistically Arab.

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Paratroopers Brigade

The 35th Brigade (חֲטִיבַת הַצַּנְחָנִים, Hativat HaTzanhanim), also known as the Paratroopers Brigade, is an infantry brigade unit of paratroopers within the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), and forms a major part of the Infantry Corps.

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Peace Now

Peace Now (שלום עכשיו Shalom Achshav) is a non-governmental organization, "liberal advocacy" and activist group in Israel with the aim of promoting a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

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Persistent vegetative state

A persistent vegetative state (PVS) is a disorder of consciousness in which patients with severe brain damage are in a state of partial arousal rather than true awareness.

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Philadelphia Daily News

The Philadelphia Daily News is a tabloid newspaper that serves Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Platoon

A platoon is a military unit typically composed of two or more squads/sections/patrols.

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Prime Minister of Israel

The Prime Minister of Israel (רֹאשׁ הַמֶּמְשָׁלָה, Rosh HaMemshala, lit. Head of the Government, Hebrew acronym: רה״מ; رئيس الحكومة, Ra'īs al-Ḥukūma) is the head of government of Israel and the most powerful figure in Israeli politics.

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Pulsa diNura

Pulsa DeNura, Pulsa diNura or Pulsa Denoura (Aramaic: פולסי דנורא "lashes of fire") is a purportedly Kabbalistic ceremony in which the angels of destruction are invoked to block heavenly forgiveness of the subject’s sins, causing all the curses named in the Bible to befall him resulting in his death.

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Qalqilya

Qalqilya (Qalqīlyaḧ); is a Palestinian city in the West Bank.

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Qibya massacre

The Qibya massacre, also known as the Qibya incident, occurred during "Operation Shoshana", a reprisal operation that occurred in October 1953 when Israeli troops under Ariel Sharon attacked the village of Qibya in the West Bank.

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Raanan Gissin

Raanan Gissin is an Israeli political scientist, analyst and consultant specializing in the Arab–Israeli conflict.

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Ramat Gan

Ramat Gan (help; رَمَات چَان) is a city in the Tel Aviv District of Israel, located east of Tel Aviv.

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Rebbe (book)

Rebbe: The Life and Teachings of Menachem M. Schneerson, the Most Influential Rabbi in Modern History is a biography of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson authored by Joseph Telushkin and published in 2014.

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Reconnaissance

In military operations, reconnaissance or scouting is the exploration outside an area occupied by friendly forces to gain information about natural features and other activities in the area.

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Reprisal operations

Reprisal operations (פעולות התגמול) were raids carried out by the Israel Defense Forces in the 1950s and 1960s in response to frequent fedayeen attacks during which armed Arab militants infiltrated Israel from Syria, Egypt and Jordan to carry out attacks on Israeli civilians and soldiers.

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Road map for peace

The Roadmap for peace or road map for peace (מפת הדרכים Mapa had'rakhim, Khāriṭa ṭarīq as-salāmu) was a plan to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict proposed by the Quartet on the Middle East: the United States, the European Union, Russia and the United Nations.

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Robert Fisk

Robert Fisk (born 12 July 1946) is an English writer and journalist.

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Romania

Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.

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Routledge

Routledge is a British multinational publisher.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Sabra and Shatila massacre

The Sabra and Shatila massacre was the killing of between 762 and 3,500 civilians, mostly Palestinians and Lebanese Shiites, by a militia close to the Kataeb Party, also called Phalange, a predominantly Christian Lebanese right-wing party in the Sabra neighborhood and the adjacent Shatila refugee camp in Beirut, Lebanon.

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San Francisco Chronicle

The San Francisco Chronicle is a newspaper serving primarily the San Francisco Bay Area of the U.S. state of California.

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Second Army (Egypt)

The Second Field Army is a military formation and a corps command of the Egyptian Army, formed in 1968.

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Second Intifada

The Second Intifada, also known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada (انتفاضة الأقصى; אינתיפאדת אל-אקצה Intifādat El-Aqtzah), was the second Palestinian uprising against Israel – a period of intensified Israeli–Palestinian violence.

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Secularism

Secularism is the principle of the separation of government institutions and persons mandated to represent the state from religious institution and religious dignitaries (the attainment of such is termed secularity).

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Shas

Shas (ש״ס, an acronym for Shomrei Sfarad, lit., "(Religious) Guardians of the Sephardim") is an ultra-Orthodox religious political party in Israel.

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Shatila refugee camp

The Shatila refugee camp (مخيم شاتيلا), also known as the Chatila refugee camp, is a refugee camp, originally set-up for Palestinian refugees in 1949.

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Sheba Medical Center

The Chaim Sheba Medical Center at Tel HaShomer (המרכז הרפואי ע"ש חיים שיבא – תל השומר), also Tel HaShomer Hospital, is the largest hospital in Israel, located in the Tel HaShomer neighborhood of Ramat Gan, in the Tel Aviv District.

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Shimon Peres

Shimon Peres (שמעון פרס,; born Szymon Perski; August 2, 1923 – September 28, 2016) was an Israeli politician who served as the ninth President of Israel (2007–2014), the Prime Minister of Israel (twice), and the Interim Prime Minister, in the 1970s to the 1990s.

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Shlomo Argov

Shlomo Argov (שלמה ארגוב; 14 December 1929 – 23 February 2003) was a prominent Israeli diplomat.

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Shlomtzion (political party)

Shlomtzion (שלומציון, a contraction of Shalom-Zion, or Peace-Zion, punning on the Hebrew name of Israel's only regnant queen in history) was a political party in Israel.

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Simha Erlich

Simha Erlich (שמחה ארליך, 1915 – 19 June 1983) was an Israeli politician.

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Simon & Schuster

Simon & Schuster, Inc., a subsidiary of CBS Corporation, is an American publishing company founded in New York City in 1924 by Richard Simon and Max Schuster.

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Sinai Peninsula

The Sinai Peninsula or simply Sinai (now usually) is a peninsula in Egypt, and the only part of the country located in Asia.

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Six-Day War

The Six-Day War (Hebrew: מלחמת ששת הימים, Milhemet Sheshet Ha Yamim; Arabic: النكسة, an-Naksah, "The Setback" or حرب ۱۹٦۷, Ḥarb 1967, "War of 1967"), also known as the June War, 1967 Arab–Israeli War, or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between 5 and 10 June 1967 by Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt (known at the time as the United Arab Republic), Jordan, and Syria.

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South African Defence Force

The South African Defence Force (SADF) comprised the South African armed forces from 1957 until 1994.

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Southern Command (Israel)

The Israeli Southern Command (פיקוד דרום, transliterated: Pikud Darom), often abbreviated to Padam (פד"מ), is a regional command of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Stern (magazine)

Stern (German for "Star") is a weekly news magazine published in Hamburg, Germany, by Gruner + Jahr, a subsidiary of Bertelsmann.

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Stroke

A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death.

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Subbotniks

The Subbotniks (p, "Sabbatarians") is a common name for Russian sects of Judaizers of Christian origin, who split from other Sabbatarians in the 19th century.

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Suez

Suez (السويس; Egyptian Arabic) is a seaport city (population ca. 497,000) in north-eastern Egypt, located on the north coast of the Gulf of Suez (a branch of the Red Sea), near the southern terminus of the Suez Canal, having the same boundaries as Suez governorate.

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Suez Canal

thumb The Suez Canal (قناة السويس) is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez.

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Suez Crisis

The Suez Crisis, or the Second Arab–Israeli War, also named the Tripartite Aggression (in the Arab world) and Operation Kadesh or Sinai War (in Israel),Also named: Suez Canal Crisis, Suez War, Suez–Sinai war, Suez Campaign, Sinai Campaign, Operation Musketeer (أزمة السويس /‎ العدوان الثلاثي, "Suez Crisis"/ "the Tripartite Aggression"; Crise du canal de Suez; מבצע קדש "Operation Kadesh", or מלחמת סיני, "Sinai War") was an invasion of Egypt in late 1956 by Israel, followed by the United Kingdom and France.

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Surveillance aircraft

A surveillance aircraft is an aircraft used for surveillance—collecting information over time.

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Sweet Water Canal

Sweet Water Canal, also known as Fresh Water Canal and currently known as Ismaïlia Canal, is a canal which was dug by thousands of Egyptian fellahin to facilitate the construction of the Suez Canal.

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Syrian Social Nationalist Party

The Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP) (الحزب السوري القومي الاجتماعي, transliterated: Al-Ḥizb Al-Sūrī Al-Qawmī Al-'Ijtimā'ī, often referred to in French as Parti populaire syrien or Parti social nationaliste syrien), is a nationalist political party operating in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Iraq and Palestine.

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Tbilisi

Tbilisi (თბილისი), in some countries also still named by its pre-1936 international designation Tiflis, is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million people.

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Tel Aviv

Tel Aviv (תֵּל אָבִיב,, تل أَبيب) is the second most populous city in Israel – after Jerusalem – and the most populous city in the conurbation of Gush Dan, Israel's largest metropolitan area.

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Tel Aviv University

Tel Aviv University (TAU) (אוּנִיבֶרְסִיטַת תֵּל-אָבִיב Universitat Tel Aviv) is a public research university in the neighborhood of Ramat Aviv in Tel Aviv, Israel.

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Temple Mount

The Temple Mount (הַר הַבַּיִת, Har HaBáyit, "Mount of the House "), known to Muslims as the Haram esh-Sharif (الحرم الشريف, al-Ḥaram al-Šarīf, "the Noble Sanctuary", or الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-Ḥaram al-Qudsī al-Šarīf, "the Noble Sanctuary of Jerusalem") and the Al Aqsa Compound is a hill located in the Old City of Jerusalem that for thousands of years has been venerated as a holy site, in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam alike.

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The Age

The Age is a daily newspaper that has been published in Melbourne, Australia, since 1854.

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The Great War for Civilisation

The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East is a book published in 2005 by the award-winning English journalist Robert Fisk.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Independent

The Independent is a British online newspaper.

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The Jewish Week

The Jewish Week is a weekly independent community newspaper targeted towards the Jewish community of the metropolitan New York City area.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The Sydney Morning Herald

The Sydney Morning Herald (SMH) is a daily compact newspaper published by Fairfax Media in Sydney, Australia.

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The Times of Israel

The Times of Israel is an Israeli-based online newspaper launched in 2012.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post is a major American daily newspaper founded on December 6, 1877.

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Third Aliyah

The Third Aliyah (Hebrew: העלייה השלישית, HaAliyah HaShlishit) refers to the third wave—or aliyah—of modern Zionist immigration to Palestine from Europe.

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Time (magazine)

Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.

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Unit 101

Commando Unit 101 (Hebrew: יחידה 101) was a special forces unit of the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), founded and commanded by Ariel Sharon on orders from Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion in August 1953.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States Army Training and Doctrine Command

Established 1 July 1973, the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) is a command of the United States Army headquartered at Fort Eustis, Virginia.

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United States Department of State

The United States Department of State (DOS), often referred to as the State Department, is the United States federal executive department that advises the President and represents the country in international affairs and foreign policy issues.

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United Torah Judaism

United Torah Judaism (יַהֲדוּת הַתּוֹרָה הַמְאוּחֶדֶת, Transliterated: Yahadut HaTora HaMeuhedet; UTJ) is an alliance of Degel HaTorah and Agudat Israel, two small Israeli Haredi (ultra-Orthodox) political parties in the Knesset.

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USA Today

USA Today is an internationally distributed American daily, middle-market newspaper that serves as the flagship publication of its owner, the Gannett Company.

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Vladimir Putin

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (a; born 7 October 1952) is a Russian statesman and former intelligence officer serving as President of Russia since 2012, previously holding the position from 2000 until 2008.

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War crime

A war crime is an act that constitutes a serious violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility.

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War of Attrition

The War of Attrition (حرب الاستنزاف Ḥarb al-Istinzāf, מלחמת ההתשה Milhemet haHatashah) involved fighting between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, PLO and their allies from 1967 to 1970.

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Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States of America.

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West Bank

The West Bank (الضفة الغربية; הגדה המערבית, HaGadah HaMa'aravit) is a landlocked territory near the Mediterranean coast of Western Asia, the bulk of it now under Israeli control, or else under joint Israeli-Palestinian Authority control.

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Xinhua News Agency

Xinhua News Agency (English pronunciation: J. C. Wells: Longman Pronunciation Dictionary, 3rd ed., for both British and American English) or New China News Agency is the official state-run press agency of the People's Republic of China.

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Yasser Arafat

Mohammed Yasser Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa (محمد ياسر عبد الرحمن عبد الرؤوف عرفات; 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), popularly known as Yasser Arafat (ياسر عرفات) or by his kunya Abu Ammar (أبو عمار), was a Palestinian political leader.

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Yehud-Monosson

Yehud-Monosson (יְהוּד-מוֹנוֹסוֹן) is a city formed by the joint municipality of the town of Yehud and the neighboring communal settlement of Neve Monosson in central Israel.

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Yisrael Beiteinu

Yisrael Beiteinu (יִשְׂרָאֵל בֵּיתֵנוּ, lit. Israel Our Home) is a secularist and right-wing nationalist political party in Israel.

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Yitzhak Levy

Yitzhak Levy (יצחק לוי, born 6 July 1947) is an Israeli Orthodox rabbi and politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the National Religious Party (NRP) and the Ahi faction of the National Union between 1988 and 2009.

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Yitzhak Rabin

Yitzhak Rabin (יצחק רבין,; 1 March 1922 – 4 November 1995) was an Israeli politician, statesman and general.

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Yitzhak Shamir

Yitzhak Shamir (יצחק שמיר,; born Yitzhak Yezernitsky; October 22, 1915 – June 30, 2012) was an Israeli politician and the seventh Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms, 1983–84 and 1986–1992.

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Ynetnews

Ynetnews is the online English-language Israeli news website of Yedioth Ahronoth, Israel’s most-read newspaper, and the Hebrew news portal, Ynet.

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Yom Kippur War

The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War, or October War (or מלחמת יום כיפור,;,, or حرب تشرين), also known as the 1973 Arab–Israeli War, was a war fought from October 6 to 25, 1973, by a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria against Israel.

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Yosef Dayan

Yosef Dayan (born Mexico in 1945) is a rabbi and the author of several books in Hebrew, Spanish and Italian.

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1948 Arab–Israeli War

The 1948 Arab–Israeli War, or the First Arab–Israeli War, was fought between the State of Israel and a military coalition of Arab states over the control of Palestine, forming the second stage of the 1948 Palestine war.

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1948 Palestine war

The 1948 Palestine war, known in Hebrew as the War of Independence (מלחמת העצמאות, Milkhemet Ha'Atzma'ut) or the War of Liberation (מלחמת השחרור, Milkhemet HaShikhrur) and in Arabic as The Nakba or Catastrophe (النكبة, al-Nakba), refers to the war that occurred in the former Mandatory Palestine during the period between the United Nations vote on the partition plan on November 30, 1947, and the official end of the first Arab–Israeli war on July 20, 1949.

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1982 Lebanon War

The 1982 Lebanon War, dubbed Operation Peace for Galilee (מבצע שלום הגליל, or מבצע של"ג Mivtsa Shlom HaGalil or Mivtsa Sheleg) by the Israeli government, later known in Israel as the Lebanon War or the First Lebanon War (מלחמת לבנון הראשונה, Milhemet Levanon Harishona), and known in Lebanon as "the invasion" (الاجتياح, Al-ijtiyāḥ), began on 6 June 1982, when the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) invaded southern Lebanon, after repeated attacks and counter-attacks between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) operating in southern Lebanon and the IDF that had caused civilian casualties on both sides of the border.

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2000 Camp David Summit

The 2000 Camp David Summit was a summit meeting at Camp David between United States president Bill Clinton, Israeli prime minister Ehud Barak and Palestinian Authority chairman Yasser Arafat.

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319th Division

The Israel Defense Forces 319th Armor Division, also known as the Ha-Mapatz Formation ("Bang"), is a reserve-service armored infantry division in the IDF.

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Redirects here:

Aerial Sharon, Arial Sharon, Arial sharon, Ariel Scharon, Ariel Scheinerman, Ariel Scheinermann, Ariel Sharon, Prime Minister of Israel, Ariel Shinerman, Ariel sharon, Arik Sharon, Arik Shinerman, Arik sharon, Death and military funeral of Ariel Sharon, Death of Ariel Sharon, Erik Sharon, Gen. Ariel Sharon, Illnesses of Ariel Sharon, Lily Sharon, Lily Zimmermann, Margalit Sharon, Margalit Zimmermann, Military funeral of Ariel Sharon, Sharon, Ariel, State funeral of Ariel Sharon, אריאל שיינרמן, אריאל שרון.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariel_Sharon

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