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Atomic force microscopy

Index Atomic force microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning force microscopy (SFM) is a very-high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), with demonstrated resolution on the order of fractions of a nanometer, more than 1000 times better than the optical diffraction limit. [1]

128 relations: Adsorption, AFM-IR, Amplitude, Amplitude modulation, Applied Physics Letters, Bacteriorhodopsin, Biophysical Journal, Borosilicate glass, Calvin Quate, Cantilever, Capacitor, Capillary action, Casimir effect, Cell adhesion, Cell biology, Chemical bond, Chemical force microscopy, Christoph Gerber, Coulomb's law, Covalent bond, Creep (deformation), Density functional theory, Depth of field, Diamond, Differential amplifier, Diffraction, Diffraction-limited system, Dither, Electric current, Electric potential, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Electrochemical AFM, Ethambutol, Ethionamide, False color, Feature-oriented scanning, Flexure bearing, Force, Force spectroscopy, Frequency modulation, Gerd Binnig, Gold, Heinrich Rohrer, Hooke's law, Humidity, Hysteresis, IBM Research – Zurich, Infrared, Interferometry, Intermolecular force, ..., Isoniazid, Journal of Applied Physics, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, Laser Doppler vibrometer, Light, Magnetic force microscope, Materials Today, Measurement Science and Technology, Medicine, Microelectromechanical systems, Microtubule, Millimetre, Millipede memory, Molecular biology, Molecular engineering, Mycobacterium, Nano Letters, Nano-FTIR, Nanometre, Nanotechnology, Nature (journal), Nature Methods, Near-field scanning optical microscope, Newton (unit), Nobel Prize in Physics, Non-contact atomic force microscopy, Numerical aperture, Phase (waves), Phase-locked loop, Photoconductive atomic force microscopy, Photodiode, Photothermal microspectroscopy, Physical Review Letters, PID controller, Piezoelectricity, Piezoresistive effect, Polymer chemistry, Polymer physics, Proceedings of the Royal Society, Q factor, Quartz, Radius of curvature, Refractive index, Resonance, Review of Scientific Instruments, Reviews of Modern Physics, Scanning electron microscope, Scanning joule expansion microscopy, Scanning probe lithography, Scanning probe microscopy, Scanning thermal microscopy, Scanning tunneling microscope, Scanning voltage microscopy, Science (journal), Servomechanism, Silicon, Silicon nitride, Single-molecule experiment, Solid-state physics, Solvation, SQUID, STED microscopy, Strain gauge, Streptomycin, Surface forces apparatus, Surface science, Surface Science Reports, Terahertz radiation, Transmission electron microscopy, Ultra-high vacuum, Ultramicroscopy, Vacuum, Van der Waals force, Visual artifact, Wheatstone bridge, X-ray crystallography, Young's modulus. Expand index (78 more) »

Adsorption

Adsorption is the adhesion of atoms, ions or molecules from a gas, liquid or dissolved solid to a surface.

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AFM-IR

AFM-IR (atomic force microscope infrared-spectroscopy) is one of a family of techniques (published online, Feb 2008) with erratum, 19(5), 14 May 2004 that are derived from a combination of two parent instrumental techniques; infrared spectroscopy and scanning probe microscopy (SPM).

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Amplitude

The amplitude of a periodic variable is a measure of its change over a single period (such as time or spatial period).

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Amplitude modulation

Amplitude modulation (AM) is a modulation technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting information via a radio carrier wave.

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Applied Physics Letters

Applied Physics Letters is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published by the American Institute of Physics.

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Bacteriorhodopsin

Bacteriorhodopsin is a protein used by Archaea, most notably by Halobacteria, a class of the Euryarchaeota.

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Biophysical Journal

The Biophysical Journal is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Cell Press on behalf of the Biophysical Society.

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Borosilicate glass

Borosilicate glass is a type of glass with silica and boron trioxide as the main glass-forming constituents.

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Calvin Quate

Calvin F. Quate HonFRMS was born on 7 December 1923 in Baker, Nevada.

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Cantilever

A cantilever is a rigid structural element, such as a beam or a plate, anchored at one end to a (usually vertical) support from which it protrudes; this connection could also be perpendicular to a flat, vertical surface such as a wall.

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Capacitor

A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores potential energy in an electric field.

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Capillary action

Capillary action (sometimes capillarity, capillary motion, capillary effect, or wicking) is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of, or even in opposition to, external forces like gravity.

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Casimir effect

In quantum field theory, the Casimir effect and the Casimir–Polder force are physical forces arising from a quantized field.

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Cell adhesion

Cell adhesion is the process by which cells interact and attach to neighbouring cells through specialised molecules of the cell surface.

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Cell biology

Cell biology (also called cytology, from the Greek κυτος, kytos, "vessel") is a branch of biology that studies the structure and function of the cell, the basic unit of life.

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Chemical bond

A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds.

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Chemical force microscopy

Chemical force microscopy (CFM) is a variation of atomic force microscopy (AFM) which has become a versatile tool for characterization of materials surfaces.

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Christoph Gerber

Christoph Gerber is a titular professor at the Department of Physics, University of Basel, Switzerland.

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Coulomb's law

Coulomb's law, or Coulomb's inverse-square law, is a law of physics for quantifying the amount of force with which stationary electrically charged particles repel or attract each other.

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Covalent bond

A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

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Creep (deformation)

In materials science, creep (sometimes called cold flow) is the tendency of a solid material to move slowly or deform permanently under the influence of mechanical stresses.

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Density functional theory

Density functional theory (DFT) is a computational quantum mechanical modelling method used in physics, chemistry and materials science to investigate the electronic structure (principally the ground state) of many-body systems, in particular atoms, molecules, and the condensed phases.

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Depth of field

In optics, particularly as it relates to film and photography, the optical phenomenon known as depth of field (DOF), is the distance about the Plane of Focus (POF) where objects appear acceptably sharp in an image.

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Diamond

Diamond is a solid form of carbon with a diamond cubic crystal structure.

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Differential amplifier

A differential amplifier is a type of electronic amplifier that amplifies the difference between two input voltages but suppresses any voltage common to the two inputs.

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Diffraction

--> Diffraction refers to various phenomena that occur when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit.

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Diffraction-limited system

The resolution of an optical imaging system a microscope, telescope, or camera can be limited by factors such as imperfections in the lenses or misalignment.

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Dither

Dither is an intentionally applied form of noise used to randomize quantization error, preventing large-scale patterns such as color banding in images.

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Electric current

An electric current is a flow of electric charge.

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Electric potential

An electric potential (also called the electric field potential, potential drop or the electrostatic potential) is the amount of work needed to move a unit positive charge from a reference point to a specific point inside the field without producing any acceleration.

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Electrical resistivity and conductivity

Electrical resistivity (also known as resistivity, specific electrical resistance, or volume resistivity) is a fundamental property that quantifies how strongly a given material opposes the flow of electric current.

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Electrochemical AFM

Electrochemical AFM (EC-AFM) is a particular type of Scanning probe microscopy (SPM), which combines the classical Atomic force microscopy (AFM) together with electrochemical measurements.

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Ethambutol

Ethambutol (EMB, E) is a medication primarily used to treat tuberculosis.

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Ethionamide

Ethionamide is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis.

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False color

False color (or false colour) refers to a group of color rendering methods used to display images in color which were recorded in the visible or non-visible parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.

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Feature-oriented scanning

Feature-oriented scanning (FOS), also object-oriented scanning (OOS), is a method of precision measurement of surface topography with a scanning probe microscope in which surface features (objects) are used as reference points for microscope probe attachment.

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Flexure bearing

A flexure bearing is a category of flexure which is engineered to be compliant in one or more angular degrees of freedom.

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Force

In physics, a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object.

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Force spectroscopy

Force spectroscopy is a set of techniques for the study of the interactions and the binding forces between individual molecules.

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Frequency modulation

In telecommunications and signal processing, frequency modulation (FM) is the encoding of information in a carrier wave by varying the instantaneous frequency of the wave.

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Gerd Binnig

Gerd Binnig (born 20 July 1947) is a German physicist, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986 for the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope.

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Gold

Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from aurum) and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally.

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Heinrich Rohrer

Heinrich Rohrer (6 June 1933 – 16 May 2013) was a Swiss physicist who shared half of the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics with Gerd Binnig for the design of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM).

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Hooke's law

Hooke's law is a principle of physics that states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance scales linearly with respect to that distance.

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Humidity

Humidity is the amount of water vapor present in the air.

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Hysteresis

Hysteresis is the dependence of the state of a system on its history.

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IBM Research – Zurich

IBM Research – Zurich (previously called IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, ZRL) is the European branch of IBM Research.

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Infrared

Infrared radiation (IR) is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, and is therefore generally invisible to the human eye (although IR at wavelengths up to 1050 nm from specially pulsed lasers can be seen by humans under certain conditions). It is sometimes called infrared light.

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Interferometry

Interferometry is a family of techniques in which waves, usually electromagnetic waves, are superimposed causing the phenomenon of interference in order to extract information.

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Intermolecular force

Intermolecular forces (IMF) are the forces which mediate interaction between molecules, including forces of attraction or repulsion which act between molecules and other types of neighboring particles, e.g., atoms or ions.

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Isoniazid

Isoniazid, also known as isonicotinylhydrazide (INH), is an antibiotic used for the treatment of tuberculosis.

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Journal of Applied Physics

The Journal of Applied Physics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal with a focus on the physics of modern technology.

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Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

The Journal of Colloid and Interface Science is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier.

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Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology

The Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published in two parts, A and B, by the American Institute of Physics on behalf of the American Vacuum Society.

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Laser Doppler vibrometer

A laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) is a scientific instrument that is used to make non-contact vibration measurements of a surface.

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Light

Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

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Magnetic force microscope

The magnetic force microscope (MFM) is a variety of atomic force microscope, where a sharp magnetized tip scans a magnetic sample; the tip-sample magnetic interactions are detected and used to reconstruct the magnetic structure of the sample surface.

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Materials Today

Materials Today is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal, website, and journal family.

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Measurement Science and Technology

Measurement Science and Technology (MST) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by IOP Publishing and covering the areas of measurement, instrumentation, and sensor technology in the sciences.

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Medicine

Medicine is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.

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Microelectromechanical systems

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS, also written as micro-electro-mechanical, MicroElectroMechanical or microelectronic and microelectromechanical systems and the related micromechatronics) is the technology of microscopic devices, particularly those with moving parts.

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Microtubule

Microtubules are tubular polymers of tubulin that form part of the cytoskeleton that provides the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and some bacteria with structure and shape.

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Millimetre

The millimetre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI unit symbol mm) or millimeter (American spelling) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one thousandth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length.

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Millipede memory

Millipede memory is a non-volatile computer memory stored on nanoscopic pits burned into the surface of a thin polymer layer, read and written by a MEMS-based probe.

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Molecular biology

Molecular biology is a branch of biology which concerns the molecular basis of biological activity between biomolecules in the various systems of a cell, including the interactions between DNA, RNA, proteins and their biosynthesis, as well as the regulation of these interactions.

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Molecular engineering

Molecular engineering is an emerging field of study concerned with the design and testing of molecular properties, behavior and interactions in order to assemble better materials, systems, and processes for specific functions.

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Mycobacterium

Mycobacterium is a genus of Actinobacteria, given its own family, the Mycobacteriaceae.

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Nano Letters

Nano Letters is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Chemical Society.

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Nano-FTIR

Nano-FTIR (nanoscale Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) is a scanning probe technique that can be considered as a combination of two techniques: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM).

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Nanometre

The nanometre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm) or nanometer (American spelling) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one billionth (short scale) of a metre (m).

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Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.

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Nature Methods

Nature Methods is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering new scientific techniques.

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Near-field scanning optical microscope

Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM/SNOM) is a microscopy technique for nanostructure investigation that breaks the far field resolution limit by exploiting the properties of evanescent waves.

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Newton (unit)

The newton (symbol: N) is the International System of Units (SI) derived unit of force.

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Nobel Prize in Physics

The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik) is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who conferred the most outstanding contributions for mankind in the field of physics.

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Non-contact atomic force microscopy

Non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM), also known as dynamic force microscopy (DFM), is a mode of atomic force microscopy, which itself is a type of scanning probe microscopy.

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Numerical aperture

In optics, the numerical aperture (NA) of an optical system is a dimensionless number that characterizes the range of angles over which the system can accept or emit light.

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Phase (waves)

Phase is the position of a point in time (an instant) on a waveform cycle.

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Phase-locked loop

A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop abbreviated as PLL is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is related to the phase of an input signal.

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Photoconductive atomic force microscopy

Photoconductive atomic force microscopy (PC-AFM) is a variant of atomic force microscopy that measures photoconductivity in addition to surface forces.

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Photodiode

A photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical current.

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Photothermal microspectroscopy

Photothermal microspectroscopy (PTMS), alternatively known as photothermal temperature fluctuation (PTTF), is derived from two parent instrumental techniques: infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM).

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Physical Review Letters

Physical Review Letters (PRL), established in 1958, is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal that is published 52 times per year by the American Physical Society.

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PID controller

A proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID controller or three term controller) is a control loop feedback mechanism widely used in industrial control systems and a variety of other applications requiring continuously modulated control.

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Piezoelectricity

Piezoelectricity is the electric charge that accumulates in certain solid materials (such as crystals, certain ceramics, and biological matter such as bone, DNA and various proteins) in response to applied mechanical stress.

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Piezoresistive effect

The piezoresistive effect is a change in the electrical resistivity of a semiconductor or metal when mechanical strain is applied.

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Polymer chemistry

Polymer chemistry is a chemistry subdiscipline that deals with the structures, chemical synthesis and properties of polymers, primarily synthetic polymers such as plastics and elastomers.

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Polymer physics

Polymer physics is the field of physics that studies polymers, their fluctuations, mechanical properties, as well as the kinetics of reactions involving degradation and polymerisation of polymers and monomers respectively.

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Proceedings of the Royal Society

Proceedings of the Royal Society is the parent title of two scientific journals published by the Royal Society.

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Q factor

In physics and engineering the quality factor or Q factor is a dimensionless parameter that describes how underdamped an oscillator or resonator is, and characterizes a resonator's bandwidth relative to its centre frequency.

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Quartz

Quartz is a mineral composed of silicon and oxygen atoms in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical formula of SiO2.

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Radius of curvature

In differential geometry, the radius of curvature,, is the reciprocal of the curvature.

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Refractive index

In optics, the refractive index or index of refraction of a material is a dimensionless number that describes how light propagates through that medium.

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Resonance

In physics, resonance is a phenomenon in which a vibrating system or external force drives another system to oscillate with greater amplitude at specific frequencies.

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Review of Scientific Instruments

Review of Scientific Instruments is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Institute of Physics.

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Reviews of Modern Physics

Reviews of Modern Physics is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Physical Society.

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Scanning electron microscope

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.

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Scanning joule expansion microscopy

Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy is a form of scanning probe microscopy heavily based on atomic force microscopy that maps the temperature distribution along a surface.

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Scanning probe lithography

Scanning probe lithography (SPL) describes a set of nanolithographic methods to pattern material on the nanoscale using scanning probes. It is a direct-write, mask-less approach which bypasses the diffraction limit and can reach resolutions below 10 nm.

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Scanning probe microscopy

Scanning probe microscope (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen.

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Scanning thermal microscopy

Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that maps the local temperature and thermal conductivity of an interface.

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Scanning tunneling microscope

A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is an instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level.

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Scanning voltage microscopy

Scanning voltage microscopy (SVM), sometimes also called nanopotentiometry, is a scientific experimental technique based on atomic force microscopy.

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Science (journal)

Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.

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Servomechanism

In control engineering a servomechanism, sometimes shortened to servo, is an automatic device that uses error-sensing negative feedback to correct the action of a mechanism.

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Silicon

Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14.

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Silicon nitride

Silicon nitride is a chemical compound of the elements silicon and nitrogen.

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Single-molecule experiment

A single-molecule experiment is an experiment that investigates the properties of individual molecules.

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Solid-state physics

Solid-state physics is the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and metallurgy.

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Solvation

Solvation describes the interaction of solvent with dissolved molecules.

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SQUID

A SQUID (for superconducting quantum interference device) is a very sensitive magnetometer used to measure extremely subtle magnetic fields, based on superconducting loops containing Josephson junctions.

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STED microscopy

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is one of the techniques that make up super-resolution microscopy.

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Strain gauge

A strain gauge is a device used to measure strain on an object.

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Streptomycin

Streptomycin is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections.

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Surface forces apparatus

The surface force apparatus (SFA) is a scientific instrument which measures the interaction force of two surfaces as they are brought together and retracted.

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Surface science

Surface science is the study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, including solid–liquid interfaces, solid–gas interfaces, solid–vacuum interfaces, and liquid–gas interfaces.

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Surface Science Reports

Surface Science Reports is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by North-Holland that covers the physics and chemistry of surfaces.

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Terahertz radiation

Terahertz radiation – also known as submillimeter radiation, terahertz waves, tremendously high frequency (THF), T-rays, T-waves, T-light, T-lux or THz – consists of electromagnetic waves within the ITU-designated band of frequencies from 0.3 to 3 terahertz (THz; 1012 Hz).

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Transmission electron microscopy

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM, also sometimes conventional transmission electron microscopy or CTEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image.

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Ultra-high vacuum

Ultra-high vacuum (UHV) is the vacuum regime characterised by pressures lower than about 10−7 pascal or 100 nanopascals (10−9 mbar, ~10−9 torr).

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Ultramicroscopy

Ultramicroscopy is an established peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of electron microscopy.

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Vacuum

Vacuum is space devoid of matter.

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Van der Waals force

In molecular physics, the van der Waals forces, named after Dutch scientist Johannes Diderik van der Waals, are distance-dependent interactions between atoms or molecules.

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Visual artifact

Visual artifacts (also artefacts) are anomalies apparent during visual representation as in digital graphics and other forms of imagery, particularly microscopy.

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Wheatstone bridge

A Wheatstone bridge is an electrical circuit used to measure an unknown electrical resistance by balancing two legs of a bridge circuit, one leg of which includes the unknown component.

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X-ray crystallography

X-ray crystallography is a technique used for determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline atoms cause a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions.

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Young's modulus

Young's modulus, also known as the elastic modulus, is a measure of the stiffness of a solid material.

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AFM in Bio, AFM probe, Atomic Force Microscope, Atomic Force Microscopy, Atomic force microscope, Atomic force probe, Atomic-force microscope, Atomic-force microscopy, Scanning force microscopy, Tapping AFM, Tapping mode.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopy

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