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69 relations: Aban, Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron, Ahuna Vairya, Ahura Mazda, Aramaic alphabet, Ardashir I, Atar, Avestan, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Book of Arda Viraf, Breach of contract, British Museum, Bundahishn, Creation myth, Day, Denkard, Dialect, East India House, Flood myth, Fravashi, Gathas, Gāh, Hvare-khshaeta, India, James Darmesteter, Jamshid, Karl Hoffmann (linguist), Kay Darab, Kayanian dynasty, Khordeh Avesta, Khosrow I, Kushti, Lawrence Heyworth Mills, Linguistic reconstruction, Liturgy, Mah, Mithra, Mobad, Moral relativism, Mumbai, Navsari, Pahlavi scripts, Parsi, Parthian Empire, Pazend, Rasmus Rask, Religious text, Royal Library, Denmark, Sacred Books of the East, Sad-dar, ..., Sandhi, Sanskrit, Sasanian Empire, Shapur I, Shapur II, Tahmuras, Vendidad, Vishtaspa, Visperad, Vologases, Yajna, Yasht, Yasna, Yasna Haptanghaiti, Yazata, Zend, Zoroaster, Zoroastrian calendar, Zoroastrianism. Expand index (19 more) »
Aban
Apas (āpas) is the Avestan language term for "the waters", which, in its innumerable aggregate states, is represented by the Apas, the hypostases of the waters.
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Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron
Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron (7 December 173117 January 1805) was the first professional French Indologist.
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Ahuna Vairya
Ahuna Vairya is the Avestan language name of Zoroastrianism's first of four Gathic Avestan formulas.
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Ahura Mazda
Ahura Mazda (also known as Ohrmazd, Ahuramazda, Hourmazd, Hormazd, Harzoo and Hurmuz) is the Avestan name for the creator and sole God of Zoroastrianism, the old Iranian religion that spread across the Middle East, before ultimately being relegated to small minorities after the Muslim conquest of Iran.
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Aramaic alphabet
The ancient Aramaic alphabet is adapted from the Phoenician alphabet and became distinct from it by the 8th century BCE.
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Ardashir I
Ardashir I or Ardeshir I (Middle Persian:, New Persian: اردشیر بابکان, Ardashir-e Bābakān), also known as Ardashir the Unifier (180–242 AD), was the founder of the Sasanian Empire.
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Atar
Atar (Avestan ātar) is the Zoroastrian concept of holy fire, sometimes described in abstract terms as "burning and unburning fire" or "visible and invisible fire" (Mirza, 1987:389).
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Avestan
Avestan, also known historically as Zend, is a language known only from its use as the language of Zoroastrian scripture (the Avesta), from which it derives its name.
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Bibliothèque nationale de France
The (BnF, English: National Library of France) is the national library of France, located in Paris.
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Book of Arda Viraf
The Book of Ardā Wīrāz (Middle Persian Ardā Wīrāz nāmag,, sometimes called the "Arda Wiraf") is a Zoroastrian religious text of the Sasanian era written in Middle Persian.
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Breach of contract
Breach of contract is a legal cause of action and a type of civil wrong, in which a binding agreement or bargained-for exchange is not honored by one or more of the parties to the contract by non-performance or interference with the other party's performance.
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British Museum
The British Museum, located in the Bloomsbury area of London, United Kingdom, is a public institution dedicated to human history, art and culture.
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Bundahishn
Bundahishn, meaning "Primal Creation", is the name traditionally given to an encyclopediaic collection of Zoroastrian cosmogony and cosmology written in Book Pahlavi.
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Creation myth
A creation myth (or cosmogonic myth) is a symbolic narrative of how the world began and how people first came to inhabit it.
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Day
A day, a unit of time, is approximately the period of time during which the Earth completes one rotation with respect to the Sun (solar day).
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Denkard
The Dēnkard (Middle Persian pronunciation) or Dēnkart (Middle Persian: "Acts of Religion") is a 10th-century compendium of the Mazdaen Zoroastrian beliefs and customs.
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Dialect
The term dialect (from Latin,, from the Ancient Greek word,, "discourse", from,, "through" and,, "I speak") is used in two distinct ways to refer to two different types of linguistic phenomena.
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East India House
East India House was the London headquarters of the East India Company, from which much of British India was governed until the British government took control of the Company's possessions in India in 1858.
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Flood myth
A flood myth or deluge myth is a narrative in which a great flood, usually sent by a deity or deities, destroys civilization, often in an act of divine retribution.
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Fravashi
Fravashi (fravaši) is the Avestan language term for the Zoroastrian concept of a personal spirit of an individual, whether dead, living, and yet-unborn.
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Gathas
The Gathas (are 17 Avestan hymns believed to have been composed by Zarathusthra (Zoroaster) himself. They form the core of the Zoroastrian liturgy (the Yasna). They are arranged in five different modes or metres. The Avestan term gāθā ("hymn", but also "mode, metre") is cognate with Sanskrit gāthā (गाथा), both from the Indo-Iranian root **gaH- "to sing".
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Gāh
Gāh (گاه) is a period of time which is dedicated to a Yazata in Zoroastrianism.
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Hvare-khshaeta
Hvare.khshaeta(Hvarə.xšaēta, Huuarə.xšaēta) is the Avestan language name of the Zoroastrian divinity of the "Radiant Sun." Avestan Hvare khshaeta is a compound in which hvar "Sun" has khshaeta "radiant" as a stock epithet.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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James Darmesteter
James Darmesteter (28 March 184919 October 1894) was a French author, orientalist, and antiquarian.
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Jamshid
Jamshid (جمشید, Jamshīd) (Middle- and New Persian: جم, Jam) (Avestan: Yima) is a mythological figure of Greater Iranian culture and tradition.
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Karl Hoffmann (linguist)
Karl Hoffmann (26 February 1915, Hof – 21 May 1996, Erlangen) was a German linguist who specialized in Indo-European and Indo-Iranian studies.
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Kay Darab
Kay Darab, or Darab Kiani, is a legendary king of Iran, who ruled Zoroastrian Persia after his father Kai Bahman and his mother Homai in the 4th century BC.
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Kayanian dynasty
The Kayanians, also Kays, Kayanids or Kaianids, or Kiani, are a semi-mythological dynasty of Persian tradition and folklore which supposedly ruled after the Pishdadids, and before the historical Achaemenids.
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Khordeh Avesta
Khordeh Avesta, meaning 'little, or lesser, or small Avesta', is the name given to two different collections of Zoroastrian religious texts.
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Khosrow I
Khosrow I (also known as Chosroes I and Kisrā in classical sources; 501–579, most commonly known in Persian as Anushiruwān (انوشيروان, "the immortal soul"; also known as Anushiruwan the Just (انوشيروان دادگر, Anushiruwān-e Dādgar), was the King of Kings (Shahanshah) of the Sasanian Empire from 531 to 579. He was the successor of his father Kavadh I (488–531). Khosrow I was the twenty-second Sasanian Emperor of Persia, and one of its most celebrated emperors. He laid the foundations of many cities and opulent palaces, and oversaw the repair of trade roads as well as the building of numerous bridges and dams. His reign is furthermore marked by the numerous wars fought against the Sassanid's neighboring archrivals, the Roman-Byzantine Empire, as part of the already centuries-long lasting Roman-Persian Wars. The most important wars under his reign were the Lazic War which was fought over Colchis (western Georgia-Abkhazia) and the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591. During Khosrow's ambitious reign, art and science flourished in Persia and the Sasanian Empire reached its peak of glory and prosperity. His rule was preceded by his father's and succeeded by Hormizd IV. Khosrow Anushiruwan is one of the most popular emperors in Iranian culture and literature and, outside of Iran, his name became, like that of Caesar in the history of Rome, a designation of the Sasanian kings. He also introduced a rational system of taxation, based upon a survey of landed possessions, which his father had begun, and tried in every way to increase the welfare and the revenues of his empire. His army was in discipline decidedly superior to the Byzantines, and apparently was well paid. He was also interested in literature and philosophical discussions. Under his reign chess was introduced from India, and the famous book of Kalilah and Dimnah was translated. He thus became renowned as a wise king.
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Kushti
Kushti (also: Kusti, Koshti) is the sacred girdle worn by Zoroastrians around their waists.
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Lawrence Heyworth Mills
Lawrence Heyworth Mills, DD, MA, (1837 – January 29, 1918), who generally published as L. H. Mills, was Professor of Zend Philology or the Persian language at Oxford University.
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Linguistic reconstruction
Linguistic reconstruction is the practice of establishing the features of an unattested ancestor language of one or more given languages.
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Liturgy
Liturgy is the customary public worship performed by a religious group, according to its beliefs, customs and traditions.
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Mah
Mångha (måŋha) is the Avestan for "Moon, month", equivalent to Persian Māh (Old Persian māha).
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Mithra
Mithra (𐬀𐬭𐬚𐬌𐬨 Miθra, 𐎷𐎰𐎼 Miça, New Persian: Mehr) is the Zoroastrian angelic divinity (yazata) of Covenant, Light, and Oath.
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Mobad
A mobed or mobad is a Zoroastrian cleric of a particular rank.
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Moral relativism
Moral relativism may be any of several philosophical positions concerned with the differences in moral judgments across different people and cultures.
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Mumbai
Mumbai (also known as Bombay, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra.
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Navsari
Navsari is a city municipality and the administrative headquarters Navsari District of Gujarat, India.
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Pahlavi scripts
Pahlavi or Pahlevi is a particular, exclusively written form of various Middle Iranian languages.
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Parsi
A Parsi (or Parsee) means "Persian" in the "Persian Language", which today mainly refers to a member of a Zoroastrian community, one of two (the other being Iranis) mainly located in India, with a few in Pakistan.
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Parthian Empire
The Parthian Empire (247 BC – 224 AD), also known as the Arsacid Empire, was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran and Iraq.
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Pazend
Pazend or Pazand is one of the writing systems used for the Middle Persian language.
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Rasmus Rask
Rasmus Kristian Rask (born Rasmus Christian Nielsen Rasch; 22 November 1787 – 14 November 1832) was a Danish linguist and philologist.
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Religious text
Religious texts (also known as scripture, or scriptures, from the Latin scriptura, meaning "writing") are texts which religious traditions consider to be central to their practice or beliefs.
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Royal Library, Denmark
The Royal Library (Det Kongelige Bibliotek) in Copenhagen is the national library of Denmark and the university library of the University of Copenhagen.
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Sacred Books of the East
The Sacred Books of the East is a monumental 50-volume set of English translations of Asian religious writings, edited by Max Müller and published by the Oxford University Press between 1879 and 1910.
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Sad-dar
The Sad-dar or Saddar, literally Hundred Doors or chapters is a Persian book about Zoroastrianism.
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Sandhi
SandhiThe pronunciation of the word "sandhi" is rather diverse among English speakers.
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Sanskrit
Sanskrit is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism; a philosophical language of Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism; and a former literary language and lingua franca for the educated of ancient and medieval India.
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Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian Empire, also known as the Sassanian, Sasanid, Sassanid or Neo-Persian Empire (known to its inhabitants as Ērānshahr in Middle Persian), was the last period of the Persian Empire (Iran) before the rise of Islam, named after the House of Sasan, which ruled from 224 to 651 AD. The Sasanian Empire, which succeeded the Parthian Empire, was recognised as one of the leading world powers alongside its neighbouring arch-rival the Roman-Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than 400 years.Norman A. Stillman The Jews of Arab Lands pp 22 Jewish Publication Society, 1979 International Congress of Byzantine Studies Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21–26 August 2006, Volumes 1-3 pp 29. Ashgate Pub Co, 30 sep. 2006 The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I, after the fall of the Parthian Empire and the defeat of the last Arsacid king, Artabanus V. At its greatest extent, the Sasanian Empire encompassed all of today's Iran, Iraq, Eastern Arabia (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatif, Qatar, UAE), the Levant (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan), the Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Dagestan), Egypt, large parts of Turkey, much of Central Asia (Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan), Yemen and Pakistan. According to a legend, the vexilloid of the Sasanian Empire was the Derafsh Kaviani.Khaleghi-Motlagh, The Sasanian Empire during Late Antiquity is considered to have been one of Iran's most important and influential historical periods and constituted the last great Iranian empire before the Muslim conquest and the adoption of Islam. In many ways, the Sasanian period witnessed the peak of ancient Iranian civilisation. The Sasanians' cultural influence extended far beyond the empire's territorial borders, reaching as far as Western Europe, Africa, China and India. It played a prominent role in the formation of both European and Asian medieval art. Much of what later became known as Islamic culture in art, architecture, music and other subject matter was transferred from the Sasanians throughout the Muslim world.
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Shapur I
Shapur I (𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩; New Persian: rtl), also known as Shapur I the Great, was the second shahanshah (king of kings) of the Sasanian Empire.
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Shapur II
Shapur II (𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩 Šāpuhr), also known as Shapur II the Great, was the tenth Shahanshah of the Sasanian Empire.
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Tahmuras
Tahmuras or Tahmures (تهمورث,طهمورث,; from Avestan Taxma Urupi) was the third Shah of the world according to Ferdowsi's epic poem, the Shahnameh.
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Vendidad
The Vendidad or Videvdat is a collection of texts within the greater compendium of the Avesta.
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Vishtaspa
Vishtaspa (Vištāspa) is the Avestan-language name of a figure of Zoroastrian scripture and tradition, portrayed as an early follower of Zoroaster, and his patron, and instrumental in the diffusion of the prophet's message.
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Visperad
Visperad or Visprad is either a particular Zoroastrian religious ceremony or the name given to a passage collection within the greater Avesta compendium of texts.
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Vologases
Vologases (Parthian: Walagash, Middle Persian: Wardākhsh/Walākshsh, بلاش, Balāsh), also known as Vologaeses, Vologaesus, Vologeses, Ologases, and Valarsh (Armenian), was the name of various ancient monarchs.
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Yajna
Yajna (IAST) literally means "sacrifice, devotion, worship, offering", and refers in Hinduism to any ritual done in front of a sacred fire, often with mantras.
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Yasht
The Yashts (Yašts) are a collection of twenty-one hymns in the Younger Avestan language.
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Yasna
Yasna (𐬫𐬀𐬯𐬥𐬀) is the Avestan name of Zoroastrianism's principal act of worship.
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Yasna Haptanghaiti
The Yasna Haptanghaiti, Avestan for "Worship in Seven Chapters," is a set of seven hymns within the greater Yasna collection, that is, within the primary liturgical texts of the Zoroastrian Avesta.
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Yazata
Yazata is the Avestan language word for a Zoroastrian concept with a wide range of meanings but generally signifying (or used as an epithet of) a divinity.
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Zend
Zend or Zand is a Zoroastrian technical term for exegetical glosses, paraphrases, commentaries and translations of the Avesta's texts.
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Zoroaster
Zoroaster (from Greek Ζωροάστρης Zōroastrēs), also known as Zarathustra (𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬀 Zaraθuštra), Zarathushtra Spitama or Ashu Zarathushtra, was an ancient Iranian-speaking prophet whose teachings and innovations on the religious traditions of ancient Iranian-speaking peoples developed into the religion of Zoroastrianism.
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Zoroastrian calendar
Adherents of Zoroastrianism use three distinct versions of traditional calendars for liturgical purposes, all derived from medieval Iranian calendars, ultimately based on the Babylonian calendar as used in the Achaemenid empire.
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Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrianism, or more natively Mazdayasna, is one of the world's oldest extant religions, which is monotheistic in having a single creator god, has dualistic cosmology in its concept of good and evil, and has an eschatology which predicts the ultimate destruction of evil.
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Avesta (Zoroastrianism), Avesta (religious scripture), Avesta-e-Zend, Avestas, Avestā, The Avesta, Young Avesta, Younger Avesta, Zand Avesta, Zend Avesta, Zoroastrian scriptures Avesta.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avesta
