Table of Contents
221 relations: Abdul Hamid II, Abdul Kerim Pasha, Adrianople vilayet, Adriatic Sea, Aegean Islands, Aegean Sea, Ahmed Izzet Pasha, Albania, Albanian Revolt, Albanian revolt of 1910, Albanian revolt of 1912, Albanian Vilayet, Alexandroupolis, Arbitration, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, Austria-Hungary, Çatalca, Bajram Curri, Balkan League, Balkans, Balkans campaign (World War II), Balkans theatre, Battle of Şarköy, Battle of Bizani, Battle of Bregalnica, Battle of Bulair, Battle of Cannae, Battle of Chios (1912), Battle of Doiran (1913), Battle of Driskos, Battle of Elli, Battle of Kaliakra (1912), Battle of Kalimanci, Battle of Kardzhali, Battle of Kilkis–Lachanas, Battle of Kirk Kilisse, Battle of Knjaževac, Battle of Kresna Gorge, Battle of Kumanovo, Battle of Lemnos (1913), Battle of Lesbos (1912), Battle of Lule Burgas, Battle of Lumë, Battle of Merhamli, Battle of Monastir, Battle of Pente Pigadia, Battle of Pirot (1913), Battle of Prilep, Battle of Sarantaporo, Battle of Sorovich, ... Expand index (171 more) »
- 1910s in Europe
- Causes of World War I
Abdul Hamid II
Abdulhamid or Abdul Hamid II (Abd ul-Hamid-i s̱ānī; II.; 21 September 184210 February 1918) was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1876 to 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state.
See Balkan Wars and Abdul Hamid II
Abdul Kerim Pasha
Abdul Kerim Pasha (Turkish: Abdulkerim Paşa; born 1872 and died October 16, 1923), also known as Abdulkerim Öpelimi, was an Ottoman commander on the Caucasus front of World War I.
See Balkan Wars and Abdul Kerim Pasha
Adrianople vilayet
The Vilayet of Adrianople or Vilayet of Edirne (ولايت ادرنه; Vilâyet-i Edirne) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire.
See Balkan Wars and Adrianople vilayet
Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula.
See Balkan Wars and Adriatic Sea
Aegean Islands
The Aegean Islands are the group of islands in the Aegean Sea, with mainland Greece to the west and north and Turkey to the east; the island of Crete delimits the sea to the south, those of Rhodes, Karpathos and Kasos to the southeast.
See Balkan Wars and Aegean Islands
Aegean Sea
The Aegean Sea is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia.
See Balkan Wars and Aegean Sea
Ahmed Izzet Pasha
Ahmed Izzet Pasha (1864 – 31 March 1937), known as Ahmet İzzet Furgaç after the Turkish Surname Law of 1934, was an Ottoman general during World War I. He was also one of the last Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire (14 October 1918 – 8 November 1918) and its last Minister of Foreign Affairs.
See Balkan Wars and Ahmed Izzet Pasha
Albania
Albania (Shqipëri or Shqipëria), officially the Republic of Albania (Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeast Europe.
Albanian Revolt
The Albanian Revolts may refer to.
See Balkan Wars and Albanian Revolt
Albanian revolt of 1910
The Albanian revolt of 1910 (lit, in Albanian historiography) was a reaction to the new centralization policies of the Young Turk Ottoman government in Albania.
See Balkan Wars and Albanian revolt of 1910
Albanian revolt of 1912
The Albanian revolt of 1912 (Kryengritja e vitit 1912, "Uprising of 1912") was the last revolt against the Ottoman Empire's rule in Albania and lasted from January until August 1912.
See Balkan Wars and Albanian revolt of 1912
Albanian Vilayet
The Albanian Vilayet (ولايت ارناود, Vilâyet-i Arnavid) was a projected vilayet of the Ottoman Empire in the western Balkan Peninsula, which was to include the four Ottoman vilayets with substantial ethnic Albanian populations: Kosovo Vilayet, Scutari Vilayet, Manastir Vilayet, and Janina Vilayet.
See Balkan Wars and Albanian Vilayet
Alexandroupolis
Alexandroupolis (Αλεξανδρούπολη) or Alexandroupoli is a city in Greece and the capital of the Evros regional unit.
See Balkan Wars and Alexandroupolis
Arbitration
Arbitration is a formal method of dispute resolution involving a neutral third party who makes a binding decision.
See Balkan Wars and Arbitration
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
Archduke Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria of Austria (18 December 1863 – 28 June 1914) was the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary.
See Balkan Wars and Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918.
See Balkan Wars and Austria-Hungary
Çatalca
Çatalca is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey.
Bajram Curri
Bajram Curri (16 January 1862 – 29 March 1925) was an Albanian chieftain, politician and activist who struggled for the independence of Albania, later struggling for Kosovo's incorporation into it following the 1913 Treaty of London.
See Balkan Wars and Bajram Curri
Balkan League
The League of the Balkans was a quadruple alliance formed by a series of bilateral treaties concluded in 1912 between the Eastern Orthodox kingdoms of Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, and directed against the Ottoman Empire, which at the time still controlled much of Southeastern Europe.
See Balkan Wars and Balkan League
Balkans
The Balkans, corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions.
Balkans campaign (World War II)
The Balkans campaign of World War II began with the Italian invasion of Greece on 28 October 1940.
See Balkan Wars and Balkans campaign (World War II)
Balkans theatre
The Balkans theatre or Balkan campaign was a theatre of World War I fought between the Central Powers (Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany and the Ottoman Empire) and the Allies (Serbia, Montenegro, France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, and later, Greece).
See Balkan Wars and Balkans theatre
Battle of Şarköy
The Battle of Şarköy or Sarkoy operation (Битка при Шаркьой, Şarköy Çıkarması) took place between 9 and 11 February 1913 during the First Balkan War between Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Şarköy
Battle of Bizani
The Battle of Bizani (Máchi tou Bizaníou; italic) took place in Epirus on.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Bizani
Battle of Bregalnica
The Battle of Bregalnica was fought between the armies of the Kingdom of Bulgaria and the Kingdom of Serbia during the Second Balkan War from 30 June to 8 July.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Bregalnica
Battle of Bulair
The battle of Bulair (Битка при Булаир, Bolayır Muharebesi) took place on 8 February 1913 (O.S. 26 January 1913) between the Bulgarian Seventh Rila Infantry Division under General Georgi Todorov and the Ottoman 27th Infantry Division.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Bulair
Battle of Cannae
The Battle of Cannae was a key engagement of the Second Punic War between the Roman Republic and Carthage, fought on 2 August 216 BC near the ancient village of Cannae in Apulia, southeast Italy.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Cannae
Battle of Chios (1912)
The Battle of Chios took place from 24 November 1912 to 3 January 1913 during the First Balkan War.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Chios (1912)
Battle of Doiran (1913)
The Battle of Doiran was a battle of the Second Balkan War, fought between the Bulgaria and Greece.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Doiran (1913)
Battle of Driskos
The Battle of Driskos (Μάχη τουΔρίσκου, Driskos Muharebesi), took place on 26–28 November (O.S.), 1912.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Driskos
Battle of Elli
The Battle of Elli (Ναυμαχία της Έλλης, İmroz Deniz Muharebesi) or the Battle of the Dardanelles took place near the mouth of the Dardanelles on as part of the First Balkan War between the fleets of the Kingdom of Greece and the Ottoman Empire.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Elli
Battle of Kaliakra (1912)
The Battle of Kaliakra, usually known as the Attack of the Drazki (Атаката на Дръзки) in Bulgaria, was a maritime action between four Bulgarian torpedo boats and the Ottoman cruiser Hamidiye in the Black Sea.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Kaliakra (1912)
Battle of Kalimanci
The Battle of Kalimanci (Битка при Калиманци, Битка код Калиманаца) was fought between the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Bulgaria during the Second Balkan War.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Kalimanci
Battle of Kardzhali
The Battle of Kircaali or Battle of Kardzhali was part of the First Balkan War between the armies of Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Kardzhali
Battle of Kilkis–Lachanas
The Battle of Kilkis–Lachanas took place between Greece and Bulgaria during the Second Balkan War.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Kilkis–Lachanas
Battle of Kirk Kilisse
The Battle of Kirk Kilisse or Battle of Kirklareli or Battle of Lozengrad was part of the First Balkan War between the armies of Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Kirk Kilisse
Battle of Knjaževac
The Battle of Knjaževac took place during the Second Balkan War, fought between the Bulgarian and the Serbian army in July 1913.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Knjaževac
Battle of Kresna Gorge
The Battle of Kresna Gorge was fought in 1913 between the Greeks and the Bulgarians during the Second Balkan War.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Kresna Gorge
Battle of Kumanovo
The Battle of Kumanovo (Кумановска битка / Kumanovska bitka, Kumanova Muharebesi), on 23–24 October 1912, was a major battle of the First Balkan War.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Kumanovo
Battle of Lemnos (1913)
The Naval Battle of Lemnos (Ναυμαχία της Λήμνου, Mondros Deniz Muharebesi), fought on, was a naval battle during the First Balkan War, in which the Greeks defeated the second and last attempt of the Ottoman Empire to break the Greek naval blockade of the Dardanelles and reclaim supremacy over the Aegean Sea.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Lemnos (1913)
Battle of Lesbos (1912)
The Battle of Lesbos took place from 21 November – 21 December 1912 during the First Balkan War, resulting in the capture of the eastern Aegean island of Lesbos by the Kingdom of Greece.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Lesbos (1912)
Battle of Lule Burgas
The Battle of Lule Burgas (Lüleburgaz Muharebesi) or Battle of Luleburgas – Bunarhisar (Битка при Люлебургас – Бунархисар, Lüleburgaz – Pınarhisar Muharebesi) took place between the Kingdom of Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire and was the bloodiest battle of the First Balkan War.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Lule Burgas
Battle of Lumë
The Battle of Lumë, also referred by the Albanians as the Uprising of Lumë (Kryengritja e Lumës), was a series of clashes between the Albanian locals of the region of Lumë in Ottoman Albania against the invading Serbian army in 1912 during the First Balkan War period.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Lumë
Battle of Merhamli
The Battle of Merhamli was part of the First Balkan War between the armies of Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire which took place on 14/27 November 1912.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Merhamli
Battle of Monastir
The Battle of Monastir took place near the town of Bitola, Macedonia (then known as Monastir) during the First Balkan War, between Serbian and Ottoman forces from 16 to 19 November 1912.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Monastir
Battle of Pente Pigadia
The Battle of Pente Pigadia or Battle of Beshpinar (Μάχη των Πέντε Πηγαδιών; Beşpınar Muharebesi), took place on 22–30 October (O.S.), 1912.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Pente Pigadia
Battle of Pirot (1913)
The Battle of Pirot were engagements between the Bulgarian and Serbian armies in the surroundings of Pirot near the Serbian–Bulgarian border between 6 and 8 July 1913.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Pirot (1913)
Battle of Prilep
The Battle of Prilep in the First Balkan War took place on 3-5 November 1912 when the Serbian army encountered Ottoman troops near the town of Prilep, in today's North Macedonia.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Prilep
Battle of Sarantaporo
The Battle of Sarantaporo, also variously transliterated as Sarantaporon or Sarandaporon (Μάχη τουΣαρανταπόρου, Sarantaporo Muharebesi), took place on 9–10 October, 1912.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Sarantaporo
Battle of Sorovich
The Battle of Sorovich (Μάχη τουΣόροβιτς, Soroviç Muharebesi) took place between 21–24 October 1912 (O.S.). It was fought between Greek and Ottoman forces during the First Balkan War, and revolved around the Sorovich (Amyntaio) area.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Sorovich
Battle of Yenidje
The Battle of Yenidje, also transliterated as Yenice (Μάχη των Γιαννιτσών, Battle of Giannitsa), was a major battle between Greek forces under Crown Prince Constantine and Ottoman forces under General Hasan Tahsin Pasha and took place between October 19–20 (O.S.), 1912 during the First Balkan War.
See Balkan Wars and Battle of Yenidje
Bitola
Bitola (Битола) is a city in the southwestern part of North Macedonia.
Black Hand (Serbia)
Unification or Death (italics, Уједињење или смрт), popularly known as the Black Hand (italics, Црна рука), was a secret military society formed in 1901 by officers in the Army of the Kingdom of Serbia. Balkan Wars and Black Hand (Serbia) are causes of World War I.
See Balkan Wars and Black Hand (Serbia)
Božidar Janković (general)
Božidar Janković (Божидар Јанковић; 7 December 1849 – 7 July 1920) was a Serbian army general commander of the Serbian Third Army during the First Balkan War between the Balkan League and the Ottoman Empire.
See Balkan Wars and Božidar Janković (general)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Босна и Херцеговина), sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula.
See Balkan Wars and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnian Crisis
The Bosnian Crisis, also known as the Annexation Crisis (Bosnische Annexionskrise, Bosna Krizi; Анексиона криза) or the First Balkan Crisis, erupted on 5 October 1908 when Austria-Hungary announced the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, territories formerly within the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire but under Austro-Hungarian administration since 1878. Balkan Wars and Bosnian Crisis are causes of World War I.
See Balkan Wars and Bosnian Crisis
Bulgaria
Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located west of the Black Sea and south of the Danube river, Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north. It covers a territory of and is the 16th largest country in Europe.
Bulgarian unification
The Unification of Bulgaria (Съединение на България, Saedinenie na Balgariya) was the act of unification of the Principality of Bulgaria and the province of Eastern Rumelia in the autumn of 1885.
See Balkan Wars and Bulgarian unification
Capture of Korytsa
The Capture of Korçë by the Hellenic armed forces, happened on 20 December 1912, during the First Balkan War.
See Balkan Wars and Capture of Korytsa
Carol I of Romania
Carol I or Charles I of Romania (born Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen; 20 April 1839 –), was the monarch of Romania from 1866 to his death in 1914, ruling as Prince (Domnitor) from 1866 to 1881, and as King from 1881 to 1914.
See Balkan Wars and Carol I of Romania
Central Powers
The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,Mittelmächte; Központi hatalmak; İttıfâq Devletleri, Bağlaşma Devletleri; translit were one of the two main coalitions that fought in World War I (1914–1918).
See Balkan Wars and Central Powers
Condominium (international law)
A condominium (plural either condominia, as in Latin, or condominiums) in international law is a political territory (state or border area) in or over which multiple sovereign powers formally agree to share equal dominium (in the sense of sovereignty) and exercise their rights jointly, without dividing it into "national" zones.
See Balkan Wars and Condominium (international law)
Constantine I of Greece
Constantine I (Κωνσταντίνος Αʹ, Konstantínos I; – 11 January 1923) was King of Greece from 18 March 1913 to 11 June 1917 and from 19 December 1920 to 27 September 1922.
See Balkan Wars and Constantine I of Greece
Constantinople
Constantinople (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330.
See Balkan Wars and Constantinople
Constitution of the Ottoman Empire
The Constitution of the Ottoman Empire (lit; Constitution ottomane) was in effect from 1876 to 1878 in a period known as the First Constitutional Era, and from 1908 to 1922 in the Second Constitutional Era.
See Balkan Wars and Constitution of the Ottoman Empire
Cretan State
The Cretan State (Kritiki Politeia; Girid Devleti) was established in 1898, following the intervention by the Great Powers (United Kingdom, France, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Germany and Russia) on the island of Crete.
See Balkan Wars and Cretan State
Crete
Crete (translit, Modern:, Ancient) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and Corsica.
Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro
Danilo Aleksandar Petrović-Njegoš (Данило Александар Петровић-Његош; 29 June 1871– 24 September 1939) was the Crown Prince of Montenegro.
See Balkan Wars and Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro
Dardanelles
The Dardanelles (lit; translit), also known as the Strait of Gallipoli (after the Gallipoli peninsula) and in Classical Antiquity as the Hellespont (Helle), is a narrow, natural strait and internationally significant waterway in northwestern Turkey that forms part of the continental boundary between Asia and Europe and separates Asian Turkey from European Turkey.
See Balkan Wars and Dardanelles
Destruction of the Thracian Bulgarians in 1913
The Destruction of the Thracian Bulgarians in 1913 (Разорението на тракийските българи през 1913 г., Razorenieto na trakiyskite balgari prez 1913 g., also translated as "The Devastation" or "The Ruin of the Thracian Bulgarians in 1913") is a book published by the Bulgarian academic Lyubomir Miletich in 1918, which describes the mass extermination and ethnic cleansing of the Bulgarian population in Eastern Thrace (now mainly in Edirne Province, Kırklareli Province and Tekirdağ Province in Turkey and Eastern Rhodope Mountains in Evros Prefecture in Greece) during the Second Balkan War and in a short period after it.
See Balkan Wars and Destruction of the Thracian Bulgarians in 1913
Dimitrios Matthaiopoulos
Dimitrios Matthaiopoulos (Δημήτριος Ματθαιόπουλος, 1861–1923) was a senior Hellenic Army officer who participated in the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913.
See Balkan Wars and Dimitrios Matthaiopoulos
Dobruja
Dobruja or Dobrudja (Dobrudzha or Dobrudža; Dobrogea, or; Zadunav"ya; Dobruca) is a geographical and historical region in Southeastern Europe that has been divided since the 19th century between the territories of Bulgaria and Romania.
Doxato
Doxato (Doxáto, formerly Doxáton) is a town and municipality in the Drama regional unit, in East Macedonia and Thrace, Greece.
Drang nach Osten
Drang nach Osten ('Drive to the East',Ulrich Best,, 2008, p. 58, Edmund Jan Osmańczyk, Anthony Mango, Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements, 2003, p. 579, or 'push eastward',Jerzy Jan Lerski, Piotr Wróbel, Richard J. Kozicki, Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945, 1996, p.
See Balkan Wars and Drang nach Osten
East Thrace
East Thrace or eastern Thrace (Doğu Trakya or simply Trakya; Anatolikí Thráki; Iztochna Trakiya), also known as Turkish Thrace or European Turkey, is the part of Turkey that is geographically a part of Southeast Europe.
See Balkan Wars and East Thrace
Eastern question
In diplomatic history, the Eastern question was the issue of the political and economic instability in the Ottoman Empire from the late 18th to early 20th centuries and the subsequent strategic competition and political considerations of the European great powers in light of this.
See Balkan Wars and Eastern question
Eastern Rumelia
Eastern Rumelia (Iztochna Rumeliya; رومالی شرقى|Rumeli-i Şarkî; Anatoliki Romylia) was an autonomous province (oblast in Bulgarian, vilayet in Turkish) of the Ottoman Empire with a total area of 32,978 km2, which was created in 1878 by virtue of the Treaty of Berlin and de facto ceased to exist in 1885, when it was united with the Principality of Bulgaria, also under nominal Ottoman suzerainty.
See Balkan Wars and Eastern Rumelia
Edirne
Edirne, historically known as Adrianople (Adrianoúpolis), is a city in Turkey, in the northwestern part of the province of Edirne in Eastern Thrace.
Eleftherios Venizelos
Eleftherios Kyriakou Venizelos (translit,; – 18 March 1936) was a Cretan Greek statesman and prominent leader of the Greek national liberation movement.
See Balkan Wars and Eleftherios Venizelos
Emperor of Russia
The emperor and autocrat of all Russia, also translated as emperor and autocrat of all the Russias, was the official title of the Russian monarch from 1721 to 1917.
See Balkan Wars and Emperor of Russia
Enez
Enez is a town in Edirne Province, in East Thrace, Turkey.
Enver Pasha
İsmail Enver (اسماعیل انور پاشا; İsmail Enver Paşa; 23 November 1881 – 4 August 1922), better known as Enver Pasha, was an Ottoman military officer, revolutionary, and convicted war criminal who was a part of the dictatorial triumvirate known as the "Three Pashas" (along with Talaat Pasha and Cemal Pasha) in the Ottoman Empire.
See Balkan Wars and Enver Pasha
Epirus
Epirus is a geographical and historical region in southeastern Europe, now shared between Greece and Albania.
Ethnic cleansing
Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, or religious groups from a given area, with the intent of making the society ethnically homogeneous.
See Balkan Wars and Ethnic cleansing
Ferdinand I of Bulgaria
Ferdinand I (Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria; 26 February 1861 – 10 September 1948) was Prince of Bulgaria from 1887 to 1908 and Tsar of Bulgaria from 1908 until his abdication in 1918.
See Balkan Wars and Ferdinand I of Bulgaria
Ferdinand I of Romania
Ferdinand I (Ferdinand Viktor Albert Meinrad; 24 August 1865 – 20 July 1927), nicknamed Întregitorul ("the Unifier"), was King of Romania from 1914 until his death in 1927.
See Balkan Wars and Ferdinand I of Romania
First Balkan War
The First Balkan War lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 and involved actions of the Balkan League (the Kingdoms of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro) against the Ottoman Empire.
See Balkan Wars and First Balkan War
First Battle of Çatalca
The First Battle of Çatalca was one of the heaviest battles of the First Balkan War fought between.
See Balkan Wars and First Battle of Çatalca
French Third Republic
The French Third Republic (Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France during World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government.
See Balkan Wars and French Third Republic
Gallipoli
The Gallipoli peninsula (Gelibolu Yarımadası; Chersónisos tis Kallípolis) is located in the southern part of East Thrace, the European part of Turkey, with the Aegean Sea to the west and the Dardanelles strait to the east.
General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire
The General Assembly (French romanization: "Medjliss Oumoumi" or Genel Parlamento; Assemblée Générale) was the first attempt at representative democracy by the imperial government of the Ottoman Empire.
See Balkan Wars and General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire
Georgi Todorov (general)
Georgi Stoyanov Todorov (Георги Тодоров) (born on 10 August 1858 in Bolgrad; died on 16 November 1934 in Sofia) was a Bulgarian general who fought in the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), Serbo-Bulgarian War (1885), Balkan Wars (1912–1913) and First World War (1914–1918).
See Balkan Wars and Georgi Todorov (general)
German Empire
The German Empire, also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich or simply Germany, was the period of the German Reich from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the November Revolution in 1918, when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a republic.
See Balkan Wars and German Empire
German Imperial War Council of 8 December 1912
The German Imperial War Council of 8 December 1912 was an informal conference of some of the highest military leaders of the German Empire. Balkan Wars and German Imperial War Council of 8 December 1912 are causes of World War I.
See Balkan Wars and German Imperial War Council of 8 December 1912
Great power
A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale.
See Balkan Wars and Great power
Hasan Rıza Pasha
Hasan Rıza Pasha (1871 – 30 January 1913) was a general in the Ottoman Army.
See Balkan Wars and Hasan Rıza Pasha
Hasan Tahsin Pasha
Hasan Tahsin Pasha (1845–1918), also known as Hasan Tahsin Mesarea, was a senior Ottoman military officer, who served in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897, and in the First Balkan War.
See Balkan Wars and Hasan Tahsin Pasha
Hellenic Navy
The Hellenic Navy (HN; War Navy, abbreviated ΠΝ) is the naval force of Greece, part of the Hellenic Armed Forces.
See Balkan Wars and Hellenic Navy
Himara revolt of 1912
The Himara Revolt (Εξέγερση της Χειμάρρας), was a Greek uprising during the First Balkan War that took place in the region of Himara (Himarë, today southern Albania), on.
See Balkan Wars and Himara revolt of 1912
History of the Balkans
The Balkans and parts of this area may also be placed in Southeastern, Southern, Eastern Europe and Central Europe.
See Balkan Wars and History of the Balkans
House of Habsburg
The House of Habsburg (Haus Habsburg), also known as the House of Austria, was one of the most prominent and important dynasties in European history.
See Balkan Wars and House of Habsburg
Imbros
Imbros (Ímvros; İmroz; ايمروز), officially Gökçeada since 29 July 1970,Alexis Alexandris, "The Identity Issue of The Minorities in Greece And Turkey", in Hirschon, Renée (ed.), Crossing the Aegean: An Appraisal of the 1923 Compulsory Population Exchange Between Greece and Turkey, Berghahn Books, 2003, is the largest island of Turkey, located in Çanakkale Province.
International relations (1814–1919)
This article covers worldwide diplomacy and, more generally, the international relations of the great powers from 1814 to 1919.
See Balkan Wars and International relations (1814–1919)
Ioannina
Ioannina (Ιωάννινα), often called Yannena (Γιάννενα) within Greece, is the capital and largest city of the Ioannina regional unit and of Epirus, an administrative region in northwestern Greece.
Ioannis Damianos
Ioannis Damianos (Ιωάννης Δαμιανός, 1861–1920) was a senior Greek Navy officer who fought in the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913.
See Balkan Wars and Ioannis Damianos
Italo-Turkish War
The Italo-Turkish or Turco-Italian War (Trablusgarp Savaşı, "Tripolitanian War", Guerra di Libia, "War of Libya") was fought between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ottoman Empire from 29 September 1911, to 18 October 1912.
See Balkan Wars and Italo-Turkish War
July Crisis
The July Crisis was a series of interrelated diplomatic and military escalations among the major powers of Europe in the summer of 1914, which led to the outbreak of World War I. The crisis began on 28 June 1914, when Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb nationalist, assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg. Balkan Wars and July Crisis are causes of World War I.
See Balkan Wars and July Crisis
Kavala
Kavala (Καβάλα, Kavála) is a city in northern Greece, the principal seaport of eastern Macedonia and the capital of Kavala regional unit.
Kölemen Abdullah Pasha
Abdullah Pasha or Abdullah Kölemen (1846–1937) was an Ottoman general in the First Balkan War, notable as the Ottoman commander in the Battle of Kirk Kilisse in 1912, the Battle of Lule Burgas, and the Battle of Adrianople (1913) in which the Ottoman forces were defeated by the Bulgarians.
See Balkan Wars and Kölemen Abdullah Pasha
Kıyıköy
Kıyıköy, historically Medea (Мидия; Μήδεια; Midye), is a town (belde) in the Vize District, Kırklareli Province, Turkey.
Kingdom of Bulgaria
The Tsardom of Bulgaria (translit), also referred to as the Third Bulgarian Tsardom (translit), sometimes translated in English as the "Kingdom of Bulgaria", or simply Bulgaria, was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe, which was established on 5 October (O.S. 22 September) 1908, when the Bulgarian state was raised from a principality to a tsardom.
See Balkan Wars and Kingdom of Bulgaria
Kingdom of Greece
The Kingdom of Greece (Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος) was established in 1832 and was the successor state to the First Hellenic Republic.
See Balkan Wars and Kingdom of Greece
Kingdom of Italy
The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 17 March 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 10 June 1946, when the monarchy was abolished, following civil discontent that led to an institutional referendum on 2 June 1946.
See Balkan Wars and Kingdom of Italy
Kingdom of Montenegro
The Kingdom of Montenegro (Kraljevina Crna Gora) was a monarchy in southeastern Europe, present-day Montenegro, during the tumultuous period of time on the Balkan Peninsula leading up to and during World War I. Officially it was a constitutional monarchy, but absolutist in practice.
See Balkan Wars and Kingdom of Montenegro
Kingdom of Serbia
The Kingdom of Serbia (Kraljevina Srbija) was a country located in the Balkans which was created when the ruler of the Principality of Serbia, Milan I, was proclaimed king in 1882.
See Balkan Wars and Kingdom of Serbia
Komitadji
Komitadji, Comitadji, or Komita (plural: Komitadjis, Comitadjis, or Komitas) (Bulgarian, Macedonian and Комити, Serbian Latin: Komiti, Comitagiu, Κομιτατζής, plural: Κομιτατζήδες, Komitacı, Komit) was a collective name for members of various rebel bands (chetas) operating in the Balkans during the final period of the Ottoman Empire.
Konstantinos Damianos
Konstantinos Damianos (Κωνσταντίνος Δαμιανός, c. 1853–1915) was a senior Hellenic Army officer who fought in the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913.
See Balkan Wars and Konstantinos Damianos
Konstantinos Sapountzakis
Konstantinos Sapountzakis (Κωνσταντίνος Σαπουντζάκης; c. 1846–1931) was a Hellenic Army officer.
See Balkan Wars and Konstantinos Sapountzakis
Kosovo vilayet
The Vilayet of Kosovo (ولايت قوصوه, Vilâyet-i Kosova; Kosova Vilayeti; Vilajeti i Kosovës;, Kosovski vilajet) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkan Peninsula which included the modern-day territory of Kosovo and the north-western part of the Republic of North Macedonia.
See Balkan Wars and Kosovo vilayet
Kriva Palanka
Kriva Palanka (Крива Паланка) is a town located in the northeastern part of North Macedonia.
See Balkan Wars and Kriva Palanka
Levant
The Levant is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of West Asia and core territory of the political term ''Middle East''.
Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is a research library in Washington, D.C. that serves as the library and research service of the U.S. Congress and the de facto national library of the United States.
See Balkan Wars and Library of Congress
List of places burned during the Balkan Wars
List of places burned during the Balkan Wars (1912-1913) is a list of places totally or partly burned during the Balkan Wars (1912-1913).
See Balkan Wars and List of places burned during the Balkan Wars
Macedonia (region)
Macedonia is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe.
See Balkan Wars and Macedonia (region)
Macedonian Struggle
The Macedonian Struggle (translit; translit; translit; translit; Makedonya Mücadelesi) was a series of social, political, cultural and military conflicts that were mainly fought between Greek and Bulgarian subjects who lived in Ottoman Macedonia between 1893 and 1912.
See Balkan Wars and Macedonian Struggle
Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps
The Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps (translit) was a volunteer corps of the Bulgarian Army during the Balkan Wars.
See Balkan Wars and Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps
Malissori uprising
The Malissori uprising or the Albanian revolt of 1911 was one of many Albanian revolts in the Ottoman Empire and lasted from 24 March 1911 until 4 August 1911 in the region of Malësia (also spelled Malissori).
See Balkan Wars and Malissori uprising
Manastir vilayet
The Vilayet of Manastir (Vilâyet-i Manastır) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire, created in 1874, dissolved in 1877 and re-established in 1879.
See Balkan Wars and Manastir vilayet
Maritsa
Maritsa or Maritza (Марица), also known as Evros (Έβρος) and Meriç (Meriç), is a river that runs through the Balkans in Southeast Europe.
Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
The massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars were perpetrated on several occasions by the Serbian and Montenegrin armies and paramilitaries during the conflicts that occurred in the region between 1912 and 1913.
See Balkan Wars and Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.
See Balkan Wars and Mediterranean Sea
Mehmed V
Mehmed V Reşâd (Meḥmed-i ḫâmis; V. or Mehmed Reşad; 2 November 1844 – 3 July 1918) was the penultimate sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1909 to 1918.
Mehmet Esat Bülkat
Mehmet Esat Bülkat (محمد أسعد بولكات; 18 October 1862 – 2 November 1952) was an Ottoman Army officer who fought during the First Balkan War, where he led the Yanya Corps, and in World War I, where he served as a senior commander in the Gallipoli campaign.
See Balkan Wars and Mehmet Esat Bülkat
Mihail Savov
Mihail Georgiev Savov (Михаил Савов) (14 November 1857 in Stara Zagora - 21 July 1928 in Saint-Vallier-de-Thiey, France) was a Bulgarian general, twice Minister of Defence (1891–1894 and 1903–1907), second in command of the Bulgarian army during the Balkan Wars.
See Balkan Wars and Mihail Savov
Military of the Ottoman Empire
The military of the Ottoman Empire (Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun silahlı kuvvetleri) was the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire.
See Balkan Wars and Military of the Ottoman Empire
Montenegro
Montenegro is a country in Southeastern Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula.
See Balkan Wars and Montenegro
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, also known as Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1921, and Ghazi Mustafa Kemal from 1921 until the Surname Law of 1934 (1881 – 10 November 1938), was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from 1923 until his death in 1938.
See Balkan Wars and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Nation state
A nation-state is a political unit where the state, a centralized political organization ruling over a population within a territory, and the nation, a community based on a common identity, are congruent.
See Balkan Wars and Nation state
Nazım Pasha
Hüseyin Nazım Pasha (Hüseyin Nâzım Paşa; c. 1848 – 23 January 1913) was an Ottoman general, who was the Chief of Staff of the Ottoman Army during the First Balkan War of 1912–13.
See Balkan Wars and Nazım Pasha
Nicholas I of Montenegro
Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš (Никола I Петровић-Његош; – 1 March 1921) was the last monarch of Montenegro from 1860 to 1918, reigning as prince from 1860 to 1910 and as the country's first and only king from 1910 to 1918.
See Balkan Wars and Nicholas I of Montenegro
Nicholas II
Nicholas II (Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov; 186817 July 1918) or Nikolai II was the last reigning Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from 1 November 1894 until his abdication on 15 March 1917.
See Balkan Wars and Nicholas II
Nigrita
Nigrita (Νιγρίτα) is a city and a municipality in the Serres regional unit, Macedonia, Greece.
Nikola Ivanov
Nikola Ivanov Ivanov (Никола Иванов Иванов) (2 March 1861, Kalofer – 10 September 1940, Sofia) was a Bulgarian general and a minister of defence of the Principality of Bulgaria.
See Balkan Wars and Nikola Ivanov
Nikola Pašić
Nikola Pašić (Никола Пашић,; 18 December 1845 – 10 December 1926) was a Serbian and Yugoslav politician and diplomat.
See Balkan Wars and Nikola Pašić
Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev
Count Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev (historical spelling: Nicolai Ignatieff; Граф Никола́й Па́влович Игна́тьев; –), a Russian statesman and diplomat, became best known for his aggressive expansionism in support of Russian imperialism.
See Balkan Wars and Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev
North Macedonia
North Macedonia, officially the Republic of North Macedonia, is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe.
See Balkan Wars and North Macedonia
Novi Pazar
Novi Pazar (Нови Пазар) is a city in Serbia.
See Balkan Wars and Novi Pazar
Ohrid
Ohrid (Охрид) is a city in North Macedonia and is the seat of the Ohrid Municipality.
Old Serbia
Old Serbia (Stara Srbija) is a Serbian historiographical term that is used to describe the territory that according to the dominant school of Serbian historiography in the late 19th century formed the core of the Serbian Empire in 1346–71.
See Balkan Wars and Old Serbia
Old Style and New Style dates
Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively.
See Balkan Wars and Old Style and New Style dates
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
See Balkan Wars and Ottoman Empire
Ottoman wars in Europe
A series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and various European states took place from the Late Middle Ages up through the early 20th century.
See Balkan Wars and Ottoman wars in Europe
Pan-Slavism
Pan-Slavism, a movement that took shape in the mid-19th century, is the political ideology concerned with promoting integrity and unity for the Slavic people.
See Balkan Wars and Pan-Slavism
Partition of the Ottoman Empire
The Partition of the Ottoman Empire (30 October 19181 November 1922) was a geopolitical event that occurred after World War I and the occupation of Constantinople by British, French, and Italian troops in November 1918.
See Balkan Wars and Partition of the Ottoman Empire
Paul Mojzes
Paul Mojzes (born 10 November 1936) is an academic who is professor emeritus of Religious Studies at Rosemont College.
See Balkan Wars and Paul Mojzes
Pavlos Kountouriotis
Pavlos Kountouriotis (Παύλος Κουντουριώτης; 9 April 1855 – 22 August 1935) was a Greek admiral who served during the Balkan Wars, was regent of Greece, and the first president of the Second Hellenic Republic.
See Balkan Wars and Pavlos Kountouriotis
Petar Bojović
Petar Bojović (16 July 1858 – 19 January 1945) was a Serbian and Yugoslav military commander who fought in the Serbo-Turkish War, the Serbo-Bulgarian War, the First Balkan War, the Second Balkan War, and World War I. He was briefly the Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Yugoslav Royal Army in World War II, but played no real part in the conduct of the defence of Yugoslavia when it was invaded by the Axis powers in April 1941.
See Balkan Wars and Petar Bojović
Pieria (regional unit)
Pieria (Πιερία) is one of the regional units of Greece located in the southern part of the Region of Central Macedonia, within the historical province of Macedonia.
See Balkan Wars and Pieria (regional unit)
Principality
A principality (or sometimes princedom) can either be a monarchical feudatory or a sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a regnant-monarch with the title of prince and/or princess, or by a monarch with another title considered to fall under the generic meaning of the term prince.
See Balkan Wars and Principality
Psychological trauma
Psychological trauma (also known as mental trauma, psychiatric trauma, emotional damage, or psychotrauma) is an emotional response caused by severe distressing events that are outside the normal range of human experiences.
See Balkan Wars and Psychological trauma
Radko Dimitriev
Radko Ruskov Dimitriev (Радко Русков Димитриев;; 24 September 1859 – 18 October 1918) was a Bulgarian general who served as the head of the General Staff of the Bulgarian Army from 1 January 1904 to 28 March 1907, as well as a general in the Russian Army during World War I.
See Balkan Wars and Radko Dimitriev
Radomir Putnik
Radomir Putnik (Радомир Путник;; 24 January 1847 – 17 May 1917) was the first Serbian Field Marshal and Chief of the General Staff of the Serbian army in the Balkan Wars and in the First World War.
See Balkan Wars and Radomir Putnik
Rauf Orbay
Hüseyin Rauf Orbay (27 July 1881 – 16 July 1964) was a Turkish naval officer, statesman and diplomat of Abkhaz origin.
See Balkan Wars and Rauf Orbay
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe.
Romanian landings in Bulgaria
The Romanian landings in Bulgaria were a decisive military action during the Second Balkan War.
See Balkan Wars and Romanian landings in Bulgaria
Rumelia
Rumelia (Rum İli,; Rumeli; Ρωμυλία) was the name of a historical region in Southeastern Europe that was administered by the Ottoman Empire, roughly corresponding to the Balkans.
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.
See Balkan Wars and Russian Empire
Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
The Russo-Turkish War (lit, named for the year 1293 in the Islamic calendar; Russko-turetskaya voyna, "Russian–Turkish war") was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and a coalition led by the Russian Empire which included Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro.
See Balkan Wars and Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
Salonica vilayet
The Vilayet of Salonica (Vilâyet-i Selânik) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire from 1867 to 1912.
See Balkan Wars and Salonica vilayet
Sanjak of Novi Pazar
The Sanjak of Novi Pazar (Новопазарски санџак; Sanxhaku i Pazarit të Ri; Yeni Pazar sancağı) was an Ottoman sanjak (second-level administrative unit) that was created in 1865.
See Balkan Wars and Sanjak of Novi Pazar
Sarantaporo
Sarantaporo (Σαραντάπορο) is a village and a former municipality in the Larissa regional unit, Thessaly, Greece.
See Balkan Wars and Sarantaporo
Scutari vilayet
The Vilayet of Scutari, Shkodër or Shkodra (İşkodra Vilayeti or Vilayet-i İşkodra; Vilajeti i Shkodrës) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire that existed from 1867 to 1913, located in parts of what today is Montenegro and Albania.
See Balkan Wars and Scutari vilayet
Second Balkan War
The Second Balkan War was a conflict that broke out when Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its share of the spoils of the First Balkan War, attacked its former allies, Serbia and Greece, on 16 (O.S.) / 29 (N.S.) June 1913.
See Balkan Wars and Second Balkan War
Second Battle of Çatalca
The Second Battle of Çatalca fought between 3 February 1913 and 3 April 1913 was a major "continuous skirmish" of the First Balkan War.
See Balkan Wars and Second Battle of Çatalca
Second Constitutional Era
The Second Constitutional Era (ایكنجی مشروطیت دورى; İkinci Meşrutiyet Devri) was the period of restored parliamentary rule in the Ottoman Empire between the 1908 Young Turk Revolution and the 1920 dissolution of the General Assembly, during the empire's twilight years.
See Balkan Wars and Second Constitutional Era
Serbo-Bulgarian War
The Serbo-Bulgarian War or the Serbian–Bulgarian War (Сръбско-българска война, Srăbsko-bălgarska voyna, Српско-бугарски рат, Srpsko-bugarski rat) was a war between the Kingdom of Serbia and Principality of Bulgaria that erupted on and lasted until.
See Balkan Wars and Serbo-Bulgarian War
Sergey Sazonov
Sergei Dmitryevich Sazonov GCB (Russian: Сергей Дмитриевич Сазонов; 10 August 1860 in Ryazan Governorate 11 December 1927) was a Russian statesman and diplomat who served as Foreign Minister from November 1910 to July 1916.
See Balkan Wars and Sergey Sazonov
Serres
Serres (Σέρρες) is a city in Macedonia, Greece, capital of the Serres regional unit and second largest city in the region of Central Macedonia, after Thessaloniki.
Shkodër
Shkodër (Shkodra; historically known as Scodra or Scutari) is the fifth-most-populous city of the Republic of Albania and the seat of Shkodër County and Shkodër Municipality.
Sick man of Europe
"Sick man of Europe" is a label given to a state located in Europe experiencing economic difficulties, social unrest or impoverishment.
See Balkan Wars and Sick man of Europe
Sidirokastro
Sidirokastro (Σιδηρόκαστρο; Bulgarian and Macedonian: Валовища/Валовишта Valovišta; Demirhisar) is a town and a former municipality in the Serres regional unit, Greece.
See Balkan Wars and Sidirokastro
Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913)
The siege of Adrianople (oбсада на Одрин, oпсада Једрена/opsada Jedrena, Edirne kuşatması), was fought during the First Balkan War.
See Balkan Wars and Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913)
Siege of Adrianople (1913)
Siege of Adrianople (1913) between the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria during the Second Balkan War and resulted in the Ottoman Empire recapturing Edirne.
See Balkan Wars and Siege of Adrianople (1913)
Siege of Scutari (1912–1913)
The siege of Scutari, also referred to as the siege of Shkodër (Опсада Скадра), known in Turkish as İşkodra Müdafaası or İşkodra Savunması, took place from 28 October 1912 to 23 April 1913 when the army of the Kingdom of Montenegro defeated the forces of the Ottoman Empire and invaded Shkodër.
See Balkan Wars and Siege of Scutari (1912–1913)
Siege of Vidin (1913)
The siege of Vidin was an attempt by the Serbian Army to seize the Bulgarian city of Vidin during the Second Balkan War.
See Balkan Wars and Siege of Vidin (1913)
Silistra
Silistra (Силистра; Silistre; Silistra or Dârstor) is a town in Northeastern Bulgaria.
Skopje
Skopje (Скопје; Shkup, Shkupi) is the capital and largest city of North Macedonia.
Slavs
The Slavs or Slavic people are groups of people who speak Slavic languages.
Sofia
Sofia (Sofiya) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria.
Sofia Airport
Sofia Airport (translit) is the main international airport of Bulgaria, located east of the centre of the capital Sofia.
See Balkan Wars and Sofia Airport
Southern Dobruja Offensive
The Southern Dobruja Offensive was the opening action of the Romanian invasion of Bulgaria during the Second Balkan War of 1913.
See Balkan Wars and Southern Dobruja Offensive
Status quo ante bellum
The term status quo ante bellum is a Latin phrase meaning "the situation as it existed before the war".
See Balkan Wars and Status quo ante bellum
Stepa Stepanović
Stepan "Stepa" Stepanović (Степан Степа Степановић,; – 29 April 1929) was a Serbian military commander who fought in the Serbo-Turkish War, the Serbo-Bulgarian War, the First Balkan War, the Second Balkan War and World War I. Having joined the Serbian military in 1874, he fought against the forces of the Ottoman Empire in 1876.
See Balkan Wars and Stepa Stepanović
Stiliyan Kovachev
Stiliyan Kovachev (Стилиян Ковачев; 26 February 1860 in Yanbolu (Yambol) – 11 July 1939 in Sofia) was a Bulgarian general.
See Balkan Wars and Stiliyan Kovachev
Struma (river)
The Struma or Strymónas (Bulgarian: Струма; Στρυμόνας) is a river in Bulgaria and Greece.
See Balkan Wars and Struma (river)
Tenedos
Tenedos (Tenedhos), or Bozcaada in Turkish, is an island of Turkey in the northeastern part of the Aegean Sea.
The World Crisis
The World Crisis is Winston Churchill's account of the First World War, published in six volumes (technically five, as Volume III was published in two parts).
See Balkan Wars and The World Crisis
Thessaloniki
Thessaloniki (Θεσσαλονίκη), also known as Thessalonica, Saloniki, Salonika, or Salonica, is the second-largest city in Greece, with slightly over one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area, and the capital of the geographic region of Macedonia, the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace.
See Balkan Wars and Thessaloniki
Thessaly
Thessaly (translit; ancient Thessalian: Πετθαλία) is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name.
Thrace
Thrace (Trakiya; Thráki; Trakya) is a geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe.
Treaty of Bucharest (1913)
The Treaty of Bucharest (Tratatul de la București; Букурештански мир; Букурещки договор; Συνθήκη τουΒουκουρεστίου) was concluded on 10 August 1913, by the delegates of Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro and Greece.
See Balkan Wars and Treaty of Bucharest (1913)
Treaty of Constantinople (1897)
The Treaty of Constantinople was a treaty between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Greece signed on 4 December 1897 following the Greco-Turkish War (1897).
See Balkan Wars and Treaty of Constantinople (1897)
Treaty of Constantinople (1913)
The Treaty of Constantinople (Treaty of İstanbul) was a treaty between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Bulgaria signed on 29 September 1913 after the Second Balkan War at the Ottoman capital Constantinople, modern İstanbul.
See Balkan Wars and Treaty of Constantinople (1913)
Treaty of London (1913)
The Treaty of London (1913) was signed on 30 May following the London Conference of 1912–1913.
See Balkan Wars and Treaty of London (1913)
Treaty of San Stefano
The 1878 Preliminary Treaty of San Stefano (Сан-Стефанский мир; Peace of San-Stefano, Сан-Стефанский мирный договор; Peace treaty of San-Stefano, or Ayastefanos Antlaşması) was a treaty between the Russian and Ottoman empires at the conclusion of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878.
See Balkan Wars and Treaty of San Stefano
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was a sovereign state in Northwestern Europe that was established by the union in 1801 of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland.
See Balkan Wars and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Vardar Macedonia
Vardar Macedonia (Macedonian and Вардарска Македонија, Vardarska Makedonija) was the name given to the territory of the Kingdom of Serbia (1912–1918) and Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941) roughly corresponding to today's North Macedonia.
See Balkan Wars and Vardar Macedonia
Vasil Kutinchev
Vasil Ivanov Kutinchev (Васил Иванов Кутинчев) (born 25 February 1859 in Rusçuk; died 30 March 1941) was a Bulgarian officer.
See Balkan Wars and Vasil Kutinchev
Vojvodina
Vojvodina (Војводина), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia, located in Central Europe.
Western Thrace
Western Thrace or West Thrace (Θράκη, Thráki) also known as Greek Thrace or Aegean Thrace, is a geographic and historical region of Greece, between the Nestos and Evros rivers in the northeast of the country; East Thrace, which lies east of the river Evros, forms the European part of Turkey, and the area to the north, in Bulgaria, is known as Northern Thrace.
See Balkan Wars and Western Thrace
Wikisource
Wikisource is an online digital library of free-content textual sources on a wiki, operated by the Wikimedia Foundation.
See Balkan Wars and Wikisource
Wilhelm II
Wilhelm II (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert; 27 January 18594 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia from 1888 until his abdication in 1918, which marked the end of the German Empire as well as the Hohenzollern dynasty's 300-year rule of Prussia.
See Balkan Wars and Wilhelm II
World War I
World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.
See Balkan Wars and World War I
Young Turk Revolution
The Young Turk Revolution (July 1908) was a constitutionalist revolution in the Ottoman Empire.
See Balkan Wars and Young Turk Revolution
Young Turks
The Young Turks (Jön Türkler, from; also كنج تركلر Genç Türkler) was a constitutionalist broad opposition movement in the late Ottoman Empire against Sultan Abdul Hamid II's absolutist regime.
See Balkan Wars and Young Turks
Yugoslav Wars
The Yugoslav Wars were a series of separate but relatedNaimark (2003), p. xvii.
See Balkan Wars and Yugoslav Wars
Zeki Pasha
Zeki Pashaİzzettin Çalışlar, On yıllık savaşın günlüğü: Balkan, Birinci Dünya ve İstiklal Savaşları, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 1997, (Zeki Paşa; 1862–1943), known as Mehmet Zeki Baraz Kolaç Kılıçoğlu after the 1934 Surname Law,Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu name, Osmanlı Askerlik Literatürü Tarihi: History of Military Art and Science Literature during the Ottoman Period, İslâm Tarih, Sanat ve Kültür Araştırma Merkezi (IRCICA), 2004, was an Ottoman Balkan Wars and World War I field marshal of the Ottoman Army.
See Balkan Wars and Zeki Pasha
1913 Ottoman coup d'état
The 1913 Ottoman coup d'état (23 January 1913), also known as the Raid on the Sublime Porte (Bâb-ı Âlî Baskını), was a coup d'état carried out in the Ottoman Empire by a number of Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) members led by Ismail Enver Bey and Mehmed Talaat Bey, in which the group made a surprise raid on the central Ottoman government buildings, the Sublime Porte (Bâb-ı Âlî).
See Balkan Wars and 1913 Ottoman coup d'état
31 March incident
The 31 March incident (31 Mart Vakası) was a political crisis within the Ottoman Empire in April 1909, during the Second Constitutional Era.
See Balkan Wars and 31 March incident
See also
1910s in Europe
Causes of World War I
- Anglo-German naval arms race
- Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
- Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
- Balkan Wars
- Berlin–Baghdad railway
- Black Hand (Serbia)
- Bosnian Crisis
- Causes of World War I
- Color book
- Cult of the offensive
- Dreadnought (book)
- Gavrilo Princip
- German Imperial War Council of 8 December 1912
- Germany's Aims in the First World War
- Historiography of the causes of World War I
- July Crisis
- Kurt Riezler
- Nedeljko Čabrinović
- Nibelungentreue
- Pig War (1906–1908)
- Reichstag inquiry into guilt for World War I
- Treaty of London (1839)
- Triple Entente
- War guilt question
References
Also known as Balkan War, Balkan savaşları, Balkans war, The Balkan Wars, Turkish-Bulgarian War.
, Battle of Yenidje, Bitola, Black Hand (Serbia), Božidar Janković (general), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnian Crisis, Bulgaria, Bulgarian unification, Capture of Korytsa, Carol I of Romania, Central Powers, Condominium (international law), Constantine I of Greece, Constantinople, Constitution of the Ottoman Empire, Cretan State, Crete, Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro, Dardanelles, Destruction of the Thracian Bulgarians in 1913, Dimitrios Matthaiopoulos, Dobruja, Doxato, Drang nach Osten, East Thrace, Eastern question, Eastern Rumelia, Edirne, Eleftherios Venizelos, Emperor of Russia, Enez, Enver Pasha, Epirus, Ethnic cleansing, Ferdinand I of Bulgaria, Ferdinand I of Romania, First Balkan War, First Battle of Çatalca, French Third Republic, Gallipoli, General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire, Georgi Todorov (general), German Empire, German Imperial War Council of 8 December 1912, Great power, Hasan Rıza Pasha, Hasan Tahsin Pasha, Hellenic Navy, Himara revolt of 1912, History of the Balkans, House of Habsburg, Imbros, International relations (1814–1919), Ioannina, Ioannis Damianos, Italo-Turkish War, July Crisis, Kavala, Kölemen Abdullah Pasha, Kıyıköy, Kingdom of Bulgaria, Kingdom of Greece, Kingdom of Italy, Kingdom of Montenegro, Kingdom of Serbia, Komitadji, Konstantinos Damianos, Konstantinos Sapountzakis, Kosovo vilayet, Kriva Palanka, Levant, Library of Congress, List of places burned during the Balkan Wars, Macedonia (region), Macedonian Struggle, Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps, Malissori uprising, Manastir vilayet, Maritsa, Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars, Mediterranean Sea, Mehmed V, Mehmet Esat Bülkat, Mihail Savov, Military of the Ottoman Empire, Montenegro, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nation state, Nazım Pasha, Nicholas I of Montenegro, Nicholas II, Nigrita, Nikola Ivanov, Nikola Pašić, Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev, North Macedonia, Novi Pazar, Ohrid, Old Serbia, Old Style and New Style dates, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman wars in Europe, Pan-Slavism, Partition of the Ottoman Empire, Paul Mojzes, Pavlos Kountouriotis, Petar Bojović, Pieria (regional unit), Principality, Psychological trauma, Radko Dimitriev, Radomir Putnik, Rauf Orbay, Romania, Romanian landings in Bulgaria, Rumelia, Russia, Russian Empire, Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), Salonica vilayet, Sanjak of Novi Pazar, Sarantaporo, Scutari vilayet, Second Balkan War, Second Battle of Çatalca, Second Constitutional Era, Serbo-Bulgarian War, Sergey Sazonov, Serres, Shkodër, Sick man of Europe, Sidirokastro, Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913), Siege of Adrianople (1913), Siege of Scutari (1912–1913), Siege of Vidin (1913), Silistra, Skopje, Slavs, Sofia, Sofia Airport, Southern Dobruja Offensive, Status quo ante bellum, Stepa Stepanović, Stiliyan Kovachev, Struma (river), Tenedos, The World Crisis, Thessaloniki, Thessaly, Thrace, Treaty of Bucharest (1913), Treaty of Constantinople (1897), Treaty of Constantinople (1913), Treaty of London (1913), Treaty of San Stefano, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Vardar Macedonia, Vasil Kutinchev, Vojvodina, Western Thrace, Wikisource, Wilhelm II, World War I, Young Turk Revolution, Young Turks, Yugoslav Wars, Zeki Pasha, 1913 Ottoman coup d'état, 31 March incident.