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Baseball color line

Index Baseball color line

The Color Line, also known as the Color Barrier, in American baseball excluded players of Black African descent from Major League Baseball and its affiliated Minor Leagues until 1947 (with a few notable exceptions in the 19th century before the line was firmly established). [1]

151 relations: African Americans, All Cubans, American Association (19th century), American League, Armando Marsans, At bat, Atlanta Crackers, Baseball, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Bill Lucas (baseball), Bill Veeck, Black people, Black Sox Scandal, Blue law, Boston Red Sox, Branch Rickey, British Columbia, Buck O'Neil, Bucky Harris, Bud Fowler, Buddy LeRoux, California Winter League, Cap Anson, Carolina League, Catcher, Charlie Grant, Cherokee, Chicago Cubs, Chief Bender, Cincinnati Reds, Cito Gaston, Civil rights movement, Cleveland Indians, Coach (baseball), Commissioner of Baseball, Cuba, Cuban Giants, Dan Bankhead, Danville Leafs, Detroit Tigers, Don Newcombe, Dusty Baker, Earl Wilson (baseball), Eastern Colored League, Eddie Collins, Elston Howard, Ernie Banks, Expansion team, Farm team, Fenway Park, ..., First Nations, Ford Frick, Frank Grant, Frank Robinson, Games played, General manager (baseball), Gentlemen's agreement, George Scott (first baseman), George Smith (second baseman), Happy Chandler, Haywood Sullivan, Héctor López, Hispanic, History of baseball in the United States, History of the Boston Braves, History of the Brooklyn Dodgers, History of the Philadelphia Athletics, Hit (baseball), Indigenous peoples of the Americas, International League, Jackie Robinson, Jacksonville Braves, Jean R. Yawkey, Jimmy Claxton, Joe Carter, Joe Cronin, Joe Foy, John Kennedy (shortstop), John McGraw, John Wyatt (baseball), Johnny Wright (baseball), José Tartabull, Kenesaw Mountain Landis, Larry Doby, List of African-American firsts, List of American League pennant winners, List of first black Major League Baseball players, Louisville Colonels, Major League Baseball, Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award, Manager (baseball), Midwestern United States, Minor League Baseball, Montreal Royals, Moses Fleetwood Walker, Most valuable player, Nashua Dodgers, Nat Peeples, National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, National League, Native Hawaiians, Negro league baseball, Negro National League (1920–31), Negro Southern League (1920–36), New England League, New York Age, NPR, Oakland Oaks (PCL), Ojibwe, Oklahoma, Pacific Coast League, Percy Miller Jr., Philadelphia Phillies, Pinch runner, Pittsburgh Pirates, Plessy v. Ferguson, Pumpsie Green, Race and ethnicity in the NBA, Racial segregation, Rafael Almeida, Reggie Smith, Roy Campanella, Rube Foster, Sam Jethroe, San Diego Padres, Separate but equal, Southern Association, Southern League (baseball), Southern United States, Sporting News, Spring training, St. Louis Cardinals, Texas League, Toledo Blue Stockings, Tom Yawkey, Tommy Harper, Toronto Blue Jays, Trois-Rivières, Weldy Walker, Whitey Lockman, William D. Cox, William Edward White, Winter Haven, Florida, 1946 Boston Red Sox season, 1949 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1967 Boston Red Sox season, 1967 St. Louis Cardinals season, 1967 World Series, 1992 Toronto Blue Jays season, 1993 World Series, 2002 San Francisco Giants season. Expand index (101 more) »

African Americans

African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa.

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All Cubans

The All Cubans were a team of Cuban professional baseball players that toured the United States during 1899 and 1902-05, playing against white semiprofessional and Negro league teams.

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American Association (19th century)

The American Association (AA) was a professional baseball league that existed for 10 seasons from to.

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American League

The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League (AL), is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada.

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Armando Marsans

Armando Marsans (October 3, 1887 in Matanzas, Cuba – September 3, 1960 in Havana, Cuba) was a Major League Baseball outfielder from 1911 to 1918.

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At bat

In baseball, an at bat (AB) or time at bat is a batter's turn batting against a pitcher.

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Atlanta Crackers

The Atlanta Crackers were minor league baseball teams based in Atlanta between 1901 and 1965.

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Baseball

Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two opposing teams who take turns batting and fielding.

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Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks

The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks (BPOE; also often known as the Elks Lodge or simply The Elks) is an American fraternal order founded in 1868 originally as a social club in New York City.

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Bill Lucas (baseball)

William DeVaughn Lucas (January 25, 1936 – May 5, 1979) was the first African-American general manager in Major League Baseball as front-office boss of the Atlanta Braves from mid-September 1976 until his death in early May 1979.

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Bill Veeck

William Louis Veeck Jr. (February 9, 1914 – January 2, 1986), also known as "Sport Shirt", was an American Major League Baseball franchise owner and promoter.

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Black people

Black people is a term used in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification or of ethnicity, to describe persons who are perceived to be dark-skinned compared to other populations.

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Black Sox Scandal

The Black Sox Scandal was a Major League Baseball match fixing incident in which eight members of the Chicago White Sox were accused of intentionally losing the 1919 World Series against the Cincinnati Reds in exchange for money from a gambling syndicate led by Arnold Rothstein.

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Blue law

Blue laws, also known as Sunday laws, are laws designed to restrict or ban some or all Sunday activities for religious reasons, particularly to promote the observance of a day of worship or rest.

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Boston Red Sox

The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts.

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Branch Rickey

Wesley Branch Rickey (December 20, 1881 – December 9, 1965) was an American baseball player and sports executive.

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British Columbia

British Columbia (BC; Colombie-Britannique) is the westernmost province of Canada, located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains.

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Buck O'Neil

John Jordan "Buck" O'Neil (November 13, 1911 – October 6, 2006) was a first baseman and manager in the Negro American League, mostly with the Kansas City Monarchs.

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Bucky Harris

Stanley Raymond "Bucky" Harris (November 8, 1896 – November 8, 1977) was an American Major League Baseball player, manager and executive.

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Bud Fowler

John W. "Bud" Fowler (March 16, 1858 – February 26, 1913) was an African-American baseball player, field manager, and club organizer.

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Buddy LeRoux

Edward Guy "Buddy" LeRoux Jr. (August 17, 1930 – January 7, 2008) was an American businessman and a club owner in Major League Baseball.

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California Winter League

California Winter League is a former baseball winter league.

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Cap Anson

Adrian Constantine Anson (April 17, 1852 – April 14, 1922), nicknamed "Cap" (for "Captain") and "Pop", was a Major League Baseball (MLB) first baseman.

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Carolina League

The Carolina League is a Minor League Baseball league which operates along the Atlantic Coast of the United States.

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Catcher

Catcher is a position for a baseball or softball player.

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Charlie Grant

Charles Grant Jr. (August 31, 1874 – July 9, 1932) was an African American second baseman in Negro League baseball.

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Cherokee

The Cherokee (translit or translit) are one of the indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands.

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Chicago Cubs

The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball team based in Chicago, Illinois.

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Chief Bender

Charles Albert "Chief" Bender (May 5, 1884There is uncertainty about Bender's birthdate. He was voted the SABR "Centennial Celebrity" of 1983, as the best baseball player or figure born in 1883. However, the SABR Baseball Research Journal for 1983 acknowledges that there are discrepancies in records about Bender's birth year, ranging from 1883 to 1885. 1884 is the figure most often given. – May 22, 1954) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball during the 1910s and 1920s.

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Cincinnati Reds

The Cincinnati Reds are an American professional baseball team based in Cincinnati, Ohio.

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Cito Gaston

Clarence Edwin "Cito" Gaston (born March 17, 1944) is a former Major League Baseball outfielder and manager.

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Civil rights movement

The civil rights movement (also known as the African-American civil rights movement, American civil rights movement and other terms) was a decades-long movement with the goal of securing legal rights for African Americans that other Americans already held.

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Cleveland Indians

The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio.

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Coach (baseball)

In baseball, a number of coaches assist in the smooth functioning of a team.

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Commissioner of Baseball

The Commissioner of Baseball is the chief executive of Major League Baseball (MLB) and the associated Minor League Baseball (MiLB) – a constellation of leagues and clubs known as organized baseball.

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Cuba

Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos.

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Cuban Giants

The Cuban Giants were the first African-American professional baseball club.

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Dan Bankhead

Daniel Robert Bankhead (May 3, 1920 – May 2, 1976) was the first African American pitcher in Major League Baseball.

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Danville Leafs

The Danville Leafs were a professional minor league baseball team that played in the city of Danville, Virginia.

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Detroit Tigers

The Detroit Tigers are an American professional baseball team based in Detroit, Michigan.

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Don Newcombe

Donald Newcombe (born June 14, 1926), nicknamed Newk, is an American former Major League Baseball right-handed starting pitcher who played for the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers (1949–51 and 1954–58), Cincinnati Reds (1958–60) and Cleveland Indians (1960).

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Dusty Baker

Johnnie B. "Dusty" Baker Jr. (born June 15, 1949) is an American former Major League Baseball manager and retired player.

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Earl Wilson (baseball)

Robert Earl Wilson (born Earl Lawrence Wilson) (October 2, 1934 – April 23, 2005) was a professional baseball pitcher.

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Eastern Colored League

The Mutual Association of Eastern Colored Clubs, more commonly known as the Eastern Colored League (ECL), was one of the several Negro leagues, which operated during the time organized baseball was segregated.

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Eddie Collins

Edward Trowbridge Collins Sr. (May 2, 1887 – March 25, 1951), nicknamed "Cocky", was an American professional baseball player, manager and executive.

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Elston Howard

Elston Gene "Ellie" Howard (February 23, 1929 – December 14, 1980) was an American professional baseball player.

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Ernie Banks

Ernest Banks (January 31, 1931 – January 23, 2015), nicknamed "Mr.

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Expansion team

An expansion team is a new team in a sports league, usually from a city that has not hosted a team in that league before, formed with the intention of satisfying the demand for a local team from a population in a new area.

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Farm team

In sports, a farm team, farm system, feeder team, practice squad, or nursery club, is generally a team or club whose role is to provide experience and training for young players, with an agreement that any successful players can move on to a higher level at a given point.

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Fenway Park

Fenway Park is a baseball park located in Boston, Massachusetts near Kenmore Square.

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First Nations

In Canada, the First Nations (Premières Nations) are the predominant indigenous peoples in Canada south of the Arctic Circle.

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Ford Frick

Ford Christopher Frick (December 19, 1894 – April 8, 1978) was an American sportswriter and baseball executive.

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Frank Grant

Ulysses Franklin "Frank" Grant (August 1, 1865 – May 27, 1937), nicknamed "The Black Dunlap", was an African-American baseball player in the 19th century.

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Frank Robinson

Frank Robinson (born August 31, 1935) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) outfielder and manager.

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Games played

Games played (most often abbreviated as G or GP) is a statistic used in team sports to indicate the total number of games in which a player has participated (in any capacity); the statistic is generally applied irrespective of whatever portion of the game is contested.

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General manager (baseball)

In Major League Baseball, the general manager (GM) of a team typically controls player transactions and bears the primary responsibility on behalf of the ballclub during contract discussions with players.

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Gentlemen's agreement

A gentlemen's agreement or gentleman's agreement is an informal and legally non-binding agreement between two or more parties.

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George Scott (first baseman)

George Charles Scott, Jr. (March 23, 1944 – July 28, 2013) was a first baseman in Major League Baseball for the Boston Red Sox (1966–71, 1977–79), Milwaukee Brewers (1972–76), Kansas City Royals (1979) and New York Yankees (1979).

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George Smith (second baseman)

George Cornelius Smith (July 7, 1937 – June 15, 1987) was a second baseman in Major League Baseball who played from 1963 through 1966 for the Detroit Tigers (1963–1965) and Boston Red Sox (1966).

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Happy Chandler

Albert Benjamin "Happy" Chandler Sr. (July 14, 1898 – June 15, 1991) was an American politician from the Commonwealth of Kentucky.

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Haywood Sullivan

Haywood Cooper Sullivan (December 15, 1930 – February 12, 2003) was an American college and professional baseball player who was a catcher, manager, general manager and club owner in Major League Baseball.

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Héctor López

Héctor Headley López Swainson (born July 9, 1929) is a former left fielder and third baseman in Major League Baseball who played for the Kansas City Athletics and New York Yankees from 1955 to 1966.

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Hispanic

The term Hispanic (hispano or hispánico) broadly refers to the people, nations, and cultures that have a historical link to Spain.

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History of baseball in the United States

The history of baseball in the United States can be traced to the 19th century, when amateurs played a baseball-like game by their own informal rules using homemade equipment.

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History of the Boston Braves

The Atlanta Braves, a current Major League Baseball franchise, originated in Boston, Massachusetts.

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History of the Brooklyn Dodgers

The Brooklyn Dodgers were an American Major League baseball team, active primarily in the National League from 1884 until 1957, after which the club moved to Los Angeles, where it continues its history as the Los Angeles Dodgers.

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History of the Philadelphia Athletics

The Oakland Athletics, a current Major League Baseball franchise, originated in Philadelphia.

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Hit (baseball)

In baseball statistics, a hit (denoted by H), also called a base hit, is credited to a batter when the batter safely reaches first base after hitting the ball into fair territory, without the benefit of an error or a fielder's choice.

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Indigenous peoples of the Americas

The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas and their descendants. Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting and gathering. In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, chiefdoms, states and empires. Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, Guaraní, Mayan languages and Nahuatl, count their speakers in millions. Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization and subsistence practices. Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects but also cater to modern needs. Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture, and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples.

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International League

The International League (IL) is a Minor League Baseball league that operates in the eastern United States and is headquartered in Dublin, Ohio.

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Jackie Robinson

Jack Roosevelt Robinson (January 31, 1919 – October 24, 1972) was an American professional baseball player who became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the modern era.

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Jacksonville Braves

The Jacksonville Braves were a minor league baseball team based in Jacksonville, Florida, U.S. The Class A affiliate of the Milwaukee Braves Major League Baseball team, they played in the South Atlantic League (the "Sally League") from 1953 to 1961.

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Jean R. Yawkey

Jean Remington Yawkey (January 24, 1909 – February 26, 1992) was the wife of Tom Yawkey and owner of the Boston Red Sox from 1976 to her death in 1992.

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Jimmy Claxton

James Edgar Claxton (December 14, 1892 in Wellington, British Columbia, Canada – March 3, 1970 in Tacoma, Washington, USA) was a black American-Canadian baseball pitcher, and the first black man to play organized white baseball in the twentieth century.

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Joe Carter

Joseph Chris Carter (born March 7, 1960) is an American former professional baseball player.

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Joe Cronin

Joseph Edward Cronin (October 12, 1906 – September 7, 1984) was a Major League Baseball (MLB) shortstop, manager and general manager.

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Joe Foy

Joseph Anthony Foy (February 21, 1943 – October 12, 1989) was a Major League Baseball third baseman.

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John Kennedy (shortstop)

John Irvin Kennedy (October 12, 1926 – April 27, 1998) was an American Major League Baseball shortstop.

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John McGraw

John Joseph McGraw (April 7, 1873 – February 25, 1934), nicknamed "Little Napoleon" and "Mugsy", was a Major League Baseball (MLB) player and manager of the New York Giants.

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John Wyatt (baseball)

John Thomas Wyatt (April 19, 1935 – April 6, 1998) was an American professional baseball pitcher.

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Johnny Wright (baseball)

John Richard "Johnny" Wright (November 28, 1916, New Orleans, Louisiana - May 4, 1990, Jackson, Mississippi) was a Negro League pitcher who played briefly in the International League of baseball's minor leagues in 1946, and was on the roster of the Montreal Royals at the same time as Jackie Robinson, making him a plausible candidate to have broken the baseball color barrier.

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José Tartabull

José Milages Tartabull Guzmán (born November 27, 1938) is a Cuban former professional baseball outfielder.

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Kenesaw Mountain Landis

Kenesaw Mountain Landis (November 20, 1866 – November 25, 1944) was an American jurist who served as a federal judge from 1905 to 1922 and as the first Commissioner of Baseball from 1920 until his death.

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Larry Doby

Lawrence Eugene Doby (December 13, 1923 – June 18, 2003) was an American professional baseball player in the Negro leagues and Major League Baseball (MLB) who was the second black player to break baseball's color barrier.

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List of African-American firsts

African Americans (also known as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group in the United States.

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List of American League pennant winners

Each season, one American League (AL) team wins the pennant, signifying that they are the league's champion and have the right to play in the World Series against the champion of the National League.

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List of first black Major League Baseball players

Below is a list of the first black players in Major League Baseball in chronological order, since the abolition of the Baseball color line.

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Louisville Colonels

The Louisville Colonels were a Major League Baseball team that played in the American Association (AA) throughout that league's ten-year existence from 1882 until 1891.

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Major League Baseball

Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization, the oldest of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada.

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Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award

In Major League Baseball, the Rookie of the Year Award is annually given to one player from each league as voted on by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA).

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Manager (baseball)

In baseball, the field manager (commonly referred to as the manager) is the equivalent of a head coach who is responsible for overseeing and making final decisions on all aspects of on-field team strategy, lineup selection, training and instruction.

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Midwestern United States

The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the American Midwest, Middle West, or simply the Midwest, is one of four census regions of the United States Census Bureau (also known as "Region 2").

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Minor League Baseball

Minor League Baseball is a hierarchy of professional baseball leagues in the Americas that compete at levels below Major League Baseball (MLB) and provide opportunities for player development and a way to prepare for the major leagues.

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Montreal Royals

The Montreal Royals were a minor league professional baseball team in Montreal, Quebec, from 1897–1917 and 1928–60.

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Moses Fleetwood Walker

Moses Fleetwood Walker (October 7, 1856 – May 11, 1924) was an American professional baseball catcher who is credited with being one of the first black men to play in Major League Baseball (MLB).

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Most valuable player

In sports, a most valuable player (MVP) award is an honor typically bestowed upon the best-performing player (or players) in an entire league, for a particular competition, or on a specific team.

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Nashua Dodgers

The Nashua Dodgers was a farm club of the Brooklyn Dodgers, operating in the class-B New England League between 1946 and 1949.

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Nat Peeples

Nathaniel Peeples (June 29, 1926 – August 30, 2012) was a professional baseball outfielder in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s.

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National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum

The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum is an American history museum and hall of fame, located in Cooperstown, New York, and operated by private interests.

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National League

The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, known simply as the National League (NL), is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada, and the world's oldest current professional team sports league.

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Native Hawaiians

Native Hawaiians (Hawaiian: kānaka ʻōiwi, kānaka maoli, and Hawaiʻi maoli) are the aboriginal Polynesian people of the Hawaiian Islands or their descendants.

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Negro league baseball

The Negro leagues were United States professional baseball leagues comprising teams predominantly made up of African Americans and, to a lesser extent, Latin Americans.

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Negro National League (1920–31)

The Negro National League (NNL) was one of the several Negro leagues which were established during the period in the United States in which organized baseball was segregated.

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Negro Southern League (1920–36)

The Negro Southern League (NSL) was one of the several Negro baseball leagues created during the time organized baseball was segregated.

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New England League

The New England League was a mid-level league in American minor league baseball that played intermittently in five of the six New England states (Vermont excepted) between 1886 and 1949.

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New York Age

The New York Age was a black newspaper produced from 1887 to 1960, and was one of the most influential black newspapers of its time.

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NPR

National Public Radio (usually shortened to NPR, stylized as npr) is an American privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization based in Washington, D.C. It serves as a national syndicator to a network of over 1,000 public radio stations in the United States.

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Oakland Oaks (PCL)

The Oakland Oaks were a minor league baseball team in Oakland, California that played in the Pacific Coast League from 1903 through 1955, after which the club transferred to Vancouver, British Columbia.

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Ojibwe

The Ojibwe, Ojibwa, or Chippewa are an Anishinaabeg group of Indigenous Peoples in North America, which is referred to by many of its Indigenous peoples as Turtle Island.

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Oklahoma

Oklahoma (Uukuhuúwa, Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state in the South Central region of the United States.

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Pacific Coast League

The Pacific Coast League (PCL) is a Minor League Baseball league operating in the Western, Midwestern, and Southeastern United States.

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Percy Miller Jr.

William Percy Miller Jr. (June 6, 1931 – January 11, 2003), was a minor league baseball player who broke the color barrier in the Carolina League.

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Philadelphia Phillies

The Philadelphia Phillies are an American professional baseball team based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

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Pinch runner

A pinch runner is a baseball player substituted for the specific purpose of replacing a player on base.

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Pittsburgh Pirates

The Pittsburgh Pirates are an American professional baseball team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

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Plessy v. Ferguson

Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896),.

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Pumpsie Green

Elijah Jerry "Pumpsie" Green (born October 27, 1933) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) backup infielder who played with the Boston Red Sox (1959–62) and New York Mets (1963).

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Race and ethnicity in the NBA

The composition of race and ethnicity in the National Basketball Association (NBA) has changed throughout the league's history.

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Racial segregation

Racial segregation is the separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life.

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Rafael Almeida

Rafael D. Almeida (July 30, 1887 in Havana, Cuba – March 19, 1968 in Havana, Cuba) was a Major League Baseball third baseman from 1911 to 1913 with the Cincinnati Reds.

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Reggie Smith

Carl Reginald Smith (born April 2, 1945) is an American former professional baseball player.

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Roy Campanella

Roy Campanella (November 19, 1921 – June 26, 1993), nicknamed "Campy", was an American baseball player, primarily as a catcher.

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Rube Foster

Andrew "Rube" Foster (September 17, 1879 – December 9, 1930) was an American baseball player, manager, and executive in the Negro leagues.

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Sam Jethroe

Samuel Jethroe, nicknamed "The Jet"(January 20, 1918 – June 18, 2001), was an American center fielder in Negro league and Major League Baseball.

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San Diego Padres

The San Diego Padres are an American professional baseball franchise based in San Diego, California.

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Separate but equal

Separate but equal was a legal doctrine in United States constitutional law according to which racial segregation did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, adopted during the Reconstruction Era, which guaranteed "equal protection" under the law to all citizens.

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Southern Association

The Southern Association was a higher-level minor league in American organized baseball from 1901 through 1961.

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Southern League (baseball)

The Southern League is a Minor League Baseball league that operates in the Southern United States.

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Southern United States

The Southern United States, also known as the American South, Dixie, Dixieland, or simply the South, is a region of the United States of America.

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Sporting News

Sporting News is a digital sports media owned by Perform Group, a global sports content and media company.

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Spring training

In Major League Baseball (MLB), spring training is a series of practices and exhibition games preceding the start of the regular season.

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St. Louis Cardinals

The St.

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Texas League

The Texas League is a Minor League Baseball league which operates in the South Central United States.

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Toledo Blue Stockings

The Toledo Blue Stockings formed as a minor league baseball team in Toledo, Ohio, in 1883.

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Tom Yawkey

Thomas Austin Yawkey, born Thomas Yawkey Austin, (February 21, 1903 – July 9, 1976) was an American industrialist and Major League Baseball executive.

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Tommy Harper

Tommy Harper (born October 14, 1940 in Oak Grove, Louisiana) is an American former Major League Baseball outfielder and third baseman.

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Toronto Blue Jays

The Toronto Blue Jays are a Canadian professional baseball team based in Toronto, Ontario.

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Trois-Rivières

Trois-Rivières is a city in the Mauricie administrative region of Quebec, Canada, at the confluence of the Saint-Maurice and Saint Lawrence rivers, on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River across from the city of Bécancour.

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Weldy Walker

Weldy Wilberforce Walker (July 27, 1860 – November 23, 1937), sometimes known as Welday Walker and W. W. Walker, was an American baseball player.

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Whitey Lockman

Carroll Walter "Whitey" Lockman (July 25, 1926 – March 17, 2009) was a player, coach, manager and front office executive in American Major League Baseball.

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William D. Cox

William Drought Cox (1909–1989) was an American businessman and sports executive.

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William Edward White

William Edward White (October 1860 – March 29, 1937) was a 19th-century American baseball player.

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Winter Haven, Florida

Winter Haven is a city in Polk County, Florida, United States.

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1946 Boston Red Sox season

The 1946 Boston Red Sox season was the 46th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history.

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1949 Major League Baseball All-Star Game

The 1949 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 16th annual midseason exhibition game for Major League Baseball all-stars between the American League (AL) and the National League (NL).

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1967 Boston Red Sox season

The 1967 Boston Red Sox season was the 67th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history.

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1967 St. Louis Cardinals season

The 1967 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 86th season in St. Louis, Missouri, its 76th season in the National League, and its first full season at Busch Memorial Stadium.

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1967 World Series

The 1967 World Series matched the St. Louis Cardinals against the Boston Red Sox in a rematch of the 1946 World Series, with the Cardinals winning in seven games for their second championship in four years and their eighth overall.

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1992 Toronto Blue Jays season

The 1992 Toronto Blue Jays season was the franchise's 16th season of Major League Baseball.

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1993 World Series

The 1993 World Series was the 90th edition of Major League Baseball's championship series and the conclusion of the 1993 Major League Baseball season.

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2002 San Francisco Giants season

The 2002 San Francisco Giants season was the 120th in franchise history, the franchise's 45th season in San Francisco, and their third in Pacific Bell Park.

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Redirects here:

Baseball color barrier, Baseball colour line, Desegregation of baseball, Desegregation of major league baseball, Racial integration of major league baseball, Racism in baseball.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_color_line

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