Communication

352 relations: "Heroes" (David Bowie album), "Heroes" (David Bowie song), Adobe Flash, Adolf Hitler, Aerostat, Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata, Alexanderplatz demonstration, Alexandra Hildebrandt, Allied Control Council, Allied Museum, Allies of World War II, Angela Merkel, ARD (broadcaster), Armoured personnel carrier, Autobahn, Barbed wire, Barbed Wire Sunday, BBC News, Bed of nails, Beer Hall Putsch, Begrüßungsgeld, Benelux, Berlin, Berlin Blockade, Berlin border crossings, Berlin Brigade, Berlin Crisis of 1961, Berlin Friedrichstraße station, Berlin Game, Berlin Ostbahnhof, Berlin outer ring, Berlin Potsdamer Bahnhof, Berlin S-Bahn, Berlin Tempelhof Airport, Berlin U-Bahn, Berlin Wall graffiti art, Bernauer Straße, Blankenfelde-Mahlow, Bon Jovi, Border checkpoint, Bornholmer Straße border crossing, Brandenburg, Brandenburg Gate, Bridge of Spies (film), Bruce Springsteen, Bryan Adams, Bundesautobahn 2, Bunker, Burgomaster, Business Insider, ..., Call of Duty: Black Ops, Cambridge University Press, Casino Royale (1967 film), Central Intelligence Agency, Centre for Contemporary History, Certificate of authenticity, Chapel of Reconciliation, Checkpoint Charlie, Checkpoint Charlie Museum, Chicago Tribune, Chris Gueffroy, Christian Wulff, Cinderella stamp, Civilization VI, Civis romanus sum, Cold War, Combat Groups of the Working Class, Communism, Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Communist state, Conrad Schumann, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, Crossing the inner German border, Cyndi Lauper, Czech hedgehog, Czechoslovakia, D-EWOH, Dahlem (Berlin), Dahme-Spreewald, Dallgow-Döberitz, David Bowie, David Childs (academic), David Hackworth, David Hasselhoff, De jure, Democracy, Der Spiegel, Deutsche Mark, Die Welt, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, East Berlin, East German mark, East Germany, East Side Gallery, Eastern Bloc, Eastern Bloc emigration and defection, EBay, Egon Krenz, Elie Wiesel, Enclave and exclave, End of World War II in Europe, Erich Honecker, Falkensee, Fascism, Federal Foreign Office, Fence, Flash Video, Flickr, Fort Gordon, Four Power Agreement on Berlin, François Mitterrand, France, Frederic Pryor, Free German Youth, Freedom of movement, French Forces in Berlin, Friedrich Schiller, Friedrichshain, Friedrichstraße, Funeral in Berlin (film), Günter Litfin, Günter Schabowski, Geert Mak, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, George Marshall, Georgia (U.S. state), German reunification, German Unity Day, Gesellschaft für Sport und Technik, Gestapo, Ghost station, Glass Spider Tour, Glienicke Bridge, Glienicke/Nordbahn, Graffiti, Graham Nash, Great Firewall, Green Line (Lebanon), Großbeeren, Guy Hamilton, Hanns Joachim Friedrichs, Harald Jäger, Havelland (district), Heinz Schäfer, Helmstedt, Hennigsdorf, Heute, History (U.S. TV network), History of rail transport in Germany, History of the Berlin S-Bahn, Hoboken, New Jersey, Hohen Neuendorf, Holidays in the Sun (song), Human capital flight, Hungary, Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, Ich bin ein Berliner, Ida Siekmann, In Europa (series), Inner German border, Innocent Eyes (Graham Nash album), International Spy Museum, Iron Curtain, Israeli West Bank barrier, John F. 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Johnson, Margaret Thatcher, Marianne Faithfull, Marienborn, MarketWatch, Marshall Plan, Martin Ritt, Marxism–Leninism, Mühlenbecker Land, Michael Caine, Mikhail Gorbachev, Mikhail Pervukhin, Military Demarcation Line, Military liaison missions, Mitte (locality), Monday demonstrations in East Germany, Monte Carlo, MTV Europe Music Award, National People's Army, National Security Agency, Natural gas, New Frontier, New states of Germany, Night Crossing, Nikita Khrushchev, Nobel Prize, Northern Germany, November 9 in German history, Oberbaum Bridge, Oberhavel, Ode to Joy, Oder–Neisse line, Ogg, Operation Gold, Ostalgie, Oxford University Press, Palestinians, Pantheon Books, Pathé News, Peace lines, Peaceful Revolution, Peter Schneider (writer), Pink Floyd, Pogrom, Poland, Potsdam, Potsdam Agreement, Potsdam-Mittelmark, Potsdamer Platz, President of France, President of the United States, Princeton University Press, Punk rock, Rabbit à la Berlin, RAF Gatow, Rathaus Schöneberg, Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria, Republikflucht, Reunification of Jerusalem, Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire, Revolutions of 1989, Riccardo Ehrman, Rick Danko, Robert Blum, Roger Waters, Roland Suso Richter, Ronald Reagan, Rory MacLean, Ross McElwee, Royal Air Force, Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg, Schönefeld, Schönwalde-Glien, Schießbefehl, Scorpions (band), Secret Intelligence Service, Separation barrier, Sex Pistols, SimCity 3000, Sinéad O'Connor, SMERSH, Smith Center, Kansas, Social market economy, Socialist Unity Party of Germany, Southern Germany, Soviet Union, Sovietization, Spiegel Online, Spree, Spring-gun, Spy fiction, Stahnsdorf, Stasi, State Council of East Germany, Steinstücken, Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven), Tagesschau (German TV series), Tagesthemen, Telegraph Media Group, Teltow, Teltow-Fläming, The Berlin Wall (video game), The Daily Telegraph, The Globe and Mail, The Innocent (1993 film), The New York Times, The Road to the Wall, The Soldier (1982 film), The Spy Who Came in from the Cold, The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (film), The Times, The Tunnel (1962 film), The Tunnel (2001 film), The Wall, The Wall – Live in Berlin, The Week, The Wicked Dreams of Paula Schultz, TheJournal.ie, Thierry Noir, Thomas Dolby, Thomas Mignone, Time (magazine), Tokio Hotel, Toni Fisher, Tony Visconti, Topography of Terror, Trabant, Travel visa, Trunk (car), U2, Ultralight aviation, United Kingdom, United States, Universal Newsreel, University of Marburg, Unternehmen Reisebüro, USA Today, Van Morrison, Vox (website), Vyacheslav Molotov, Wall of Shame, Walter Ulbricht, Watchtower, Weimar Republic, Werner Schulz, Wessi, West Bank, West Berlin, West Germany, West of the Wall, Western culture, Wilhelm II, German Emperor, Willy Brandt, Winfried Freudenberg, Wirtschaftswunder, Wolfgang Engels, Yuri Andropov, ZDF, Zlín Z 42. 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"Heroes" (David Bowie album)

"Heroes" is the 12th studio album by English musician David Bowie, released on RCA Records on 14 October 1977.

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"Heroes" (David Bowie song)

"Heroes" is a song recorded by the English musician David Bowie.

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Adobe Flash

Adobe Flash is a deprecated multimedia software platform used for production of animations, rich Internet applications, desktop applications, mobile applications, mobile games and embedded web browser video players.

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Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician, demagogue, and revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.

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Aerostat

An aerostat (From Greek ἀήρ aer (air) + στατός statos (standing) through French) is a lighter than air aircraft that gains its lift through the use of a buoyant gas.

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Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata

The Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata (ANSA) is the leading wire service in Italy, and one of the leaders among world news agencies.

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Alexanderplatz demonstration

The Alexanderplatz demonstration (Alexanderplatz-Demonstration) was a demonstration for political reforms and against the government of the German Democratic Republic on Alexanderplatz in East Berlin on 4 November 1989.

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Alexandra Hildebrandt

Alexandra Hildebrandt (born Alexandra Weissmann on 27 February 1959 in Kiev) is a German artist, author, political activist and human rights activist.

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Allied Control Council

The Allied Control Council or Allied Control Authority, known in the German language as the Alliierter Kontrollrat and also referred to as the Four Powers (Vier Mächte), was a military occupation governing body of the Allied Occupation Zones in Germany and Austria after the end of World War II in Europe.

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Allied Museum

The Allied Museum (AlliiertenMuseum) is a museum in Berlin.

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Allies of World War II

The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939–1945).

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Angela Merkel

Angela Dorothea Merkel (Kasner, born 17 July 1954) is a German politician serving as Chancellor of Germany since 2005 and leader of the centre-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU) since 2000.

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ARD (broadcaster)

ARD (full name: Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland – Consortium of public broadcasters in Germany) is a joint organisation of Germany's regional public-service broadcasters.

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Armoured personnel carrier

An armoured personnel carrier (APC) is a type of armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) designed to transport infantry to the battlefield.

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Autobahn

The Autobahn (plural) is the federal controlled-access highway system in Germany.

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Barbed wire

Barbed wire, also known as barb wire, less often as bob wire or, in the southeastern United States, bobbed wire, is a type of steel fencing wire constructed with sharp edges or points arranged at intervals along the strand(s).

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Barbed Wire Sunday

Barbed Wire Sunday (Stacheldrahtsonntag), is the name given to Sunday morning August 13, 1961, when the military and police of East Germany began the construction of what would become of the Berlin Wall with the intention of preventing citizens of the East Germany migrating to the West.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.

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Bed of nails

A bed of nails is an oblong piece of wood, the size of a bed, with nails pointing upwards out of it.

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Beer Hall Putsch

The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch,Dan Moorhouse, ed.

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Begrüßungsgeld

Begrüßungsgeld (German for "welcome money") was, from 1970 until 29 December 1989, a gift from the government of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) to visitors from the German Democratic Republic (GDR - East Germany).

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Benelux

The Benelux Union (Benelux Unie; Union Benelux) is a politico-economic union of three neighbouring states in western Europe: Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg.

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Berlin

Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany, as well as one of its 16 constituent states.

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Berlin Blockade

The Berlin Blockade (24 June 1948–12 May 1949) was one of the first major international crises of the Cold War.

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Berlin border crossings

The Berlin border crossings were border crossings created as a result of the post-World War II division of Germany.

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Berlin Brigade

The Berlin Brigade was a US Army brigade-sized garrison based in West Berlin during the Cold War.

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Berlin Crisis of 1961

The Berlin Crisis of 1961 (Berlin-Krise) occurred between 4 June – 9 November 1961, and was the last major politico-military European incident of the Cold War about the occupational status of the German capital city, Berlin, and of post–World War II Germany.

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Berlin Friedrichstraße station

Berlin Friedrichstraße is a railway station in the German capital Berlin.

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Berlin Game

Berlin Game is a 1983 spy novel by Len Deighton.

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Berlin Ostbahnhof

Berlin Ostbahnhof (German for Berlin East railway station) is a main line railway station in Berlin, Germany.

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Berlin outer ring

The Berlin outer ring (Berliner Außenring, BAR) is a 125 km long double track electrified railway, originally built to bypass West Berlin during the division of Germany. It was developed by East Germany for economic, transport policy and military reasons between 1951 and 1961 and included parts of some older lines (Outer Freight Ring, Jüterbog–Nauen railway and Michendorf–Großbeeren railway). Without the completion of the outer ring it would not have been possible to build the Berlin Wall, sealing off West Berlin, without disrupting East Germany’s transport links. The Potsdam-Schönefeld Expressway was built for similar reasons. The term Outer ring is used to distinguish the line from the Ring line of inner Berlin.

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Berlin Potsdamer Bahnhof

The Potsdamer Bahnhof is a former railway terminus in Berlin, Germany.

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Berlin S-Bahn

The Berlin S-Bahn is a rapid transit railway system in and around Berlin, the capital city of Germany.

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Berlin Tempelhof Airport

Berlin Tempelhof Airport (Flughafen Berlin-Tempelhof) was one of the airports in Berlin, Germany.

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Berlin U-Bahn

The Berlin U-Bahn (short for Untergrundbahn, "underground railway") is a rapid transit railway in Berlin, the capital city of Germany, and a major part of the city's public transport system.

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Berlin Wall graffiti art

The Berlin Wall was constructed in 1961 to separate West Berlin and East Berlin during the Cold War.

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Bernauer Straße

Bernauer Straße is a street of Berlin situated between the localities of Gesundbrunnen and Mitte, today both belonging to the Mitte borough.

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Blankenfelde-Mahlow

Blankenfelde-Mahlow is a municipality in the Teltow-Fläming district of Brandenburg, Germany.

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Bon Jovi

Bon Jovi is an American rock band from Sayreville, New Jersey.

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Border checkpoint

A border checkpoint is a place, generally between two countries, where travelers or goods are inspected.

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Bornholmer Straße border crossing

The Bornholmer Straße border crossing was one of the border crossings between East Berlin and West Berlin between 1961 and 1990.

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Brandenburg

Brandenburg (Brannenborg, Lower Sorbian: Bramborska, Braniborsko) is one of the sixteen federated states of Germany.

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Brandenburg Gate

The Brandenburg Gate (Brandenburger Tor) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the (temporarily) successful restoration of order during the early Batavian Revolution.

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Bridge of Spies (film)

Bridge of Spies is a 2015 historical drama film directed and co-produced by Steven Spielberg, written by Matt Charman, Ethan and Joel Coen and stars Tom Hanks, Mark Rylance, Amy Ryan, and Alan Alda.

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Bruce Springsteen

Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen (born September 23, 1949) is an American singer-songwriter and musician, known for his work with the E Street Band.

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Bryan Adams

Bryan Guy Adams, (born 5 November 1959) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, record producer, guitarist, photographer, philanthropist and activist.

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Bundesautobahn 2

is an autobahn in Germany that connects the Ruhr area in the west to Berlin in the east.

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Bunker

A bunker is a defensive military fortification designed to protect people or valued materials from falling bombs or other attacks.

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Burgomaster

Burgomaster (alternatively spelled burgermeister, literally master of the town, master of the borough, master of the fortress, or master of the citizens) is the English form of various terms in or derived from Germanic languages for the chief magistrate or chairman of the executive council, usually of a sub-national level of administration such as a city or a similar entity.

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Business Insider

Business Insider is an American financial and business news website that also operates international editions in the UK, Australia, China, Germany, France, South Africa, India, Italy, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Netherlands, Nordics, Poland, Spanish and Singapore.

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Call of Duty: Black Ops

Call of Duty: Black Ops is a first-person shooter video game, developed by Treyarch and published by Activision.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.

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Casino Royale (1967 film)

Casino Royale is a 1967 British-American spy comedy film originally produced by Columbia Pictures featuring an ensemble cast.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT).

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Centre for Contemporary History

The Centre for Contemporary History (German: Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung, abbreviated ZZF) is an interdisciplinary research institute focusing on the contemporary history of Europe, especially Germany, and member of the Leibniz Association.

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Certificate of authenticity

A certificate of authenticity (COA) is a seal or small sticker on a proprietary computer program, t-shirt, jersey, or any other memorabilia or art work, especially in the world of computers and sports, it is commonly a seal on paper authenticating a specific art work which and is made to demonstrate that the item is authentic.

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Chapel of Reconciliation

The Chapel of Reconciliation (German: Kapelle der Versöhnung) stands on the site of the old Church of Reconciliation (Versöhnungskirche in German), on Bernauer Straße in the Mitte district of Berlin.

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Checkpoint Charlie

Checkpoint Charlie (or "Checkpoint C") was the name given by the Western Allies to the best-known Berlin Wall crossing point between East Berlin and West Berlin during the Cold War (1947–1991).

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Checkpoint Charlie Museum

The Checkpoint Charlie Museum (Das Mauermuseum – Museum Haus am Checkpoint Charlie) is a private museum in Berlin.

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Chicago Tribune

The Chicago Tribune is a daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, owned by Tronc, Inc., formerly Tribune Publishing.

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Chris Gueffroy

Chris Gueffroy (21 June 1968 – 6 February 1989) was the last person to be shot while trying to escape from East Berlin to West Berlin across the Berlin Wall.

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Christian Wulff

Christian Wilhelm Walter Wulff (born 1959) is a German politician and lawyer.

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Cinderella stamp

In philately, a cinderella stamp is "virtually anything resembling a postage stamp, but not issued for postal purposes by a government postal administration..." The term also excludes imprinted stamps on postal stationery.

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Civilization VI

Sid Meier's Civilization VI is a turn-based strategy 4X video game developed by Firaxis Games, published by 2K Games, and distributed by Take-Two Interactive.

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Civis romanus sum

The Latin phrase civis romanus sum (cīvis rōmānus sum) ("I am (a) Roman citizen") is a phrase used in Cicero's In Verrem as a plea for the legal rights of a Roman citizen.

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Cold War

The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).

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Combat Groups of the Working Class

The Combat Groups of the Working Class (German: Kampfgruppen der Arbeiterklasse, KdA) was a paramilitary organization in East Germany, founded in 1953 and abolished in 1990.

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Communism

In political and social sciences, communism (from Latin communis, "common, universal") is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.

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Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the founding and ruling political party of the Soviet Union.

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Communist state

A Communist state (sometimes referred to as workers' state) is a state that is administered and governed by a single party, guided by Marxist–Leninist philosophy, with the aim of achieving communism.

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Conrad Schumann

Hans Conrad Schumann (March 28, 1942 – June 20, 1998) was a former East German soldier who famously defected to West Germany during the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961.

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Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young

Crosby, Stills & Nash (CSN) is a vocal folk rock supergroup made up of American singer-songwriters David Crosby and Stephen Stills and English singer-songwriter Graham Nash.

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Crossing the inner German border

Crossing the inner German border remained possible throughout the Cold War; it was never entirely sealed in the fashion of the border between the two Koreas, though there were severe restrictions on the movement of East German citizens.

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Cyndi Lauper

Cynthia Ann Stephanie Lauper (born June 22, 1953) is an American singer, songwriter, actress and LGBT rights activist.

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Czech hedgehog

The Czech hedgehog (rozsocháč or ježek) is a static anti-tank obstacle defense made of metal angle beams or I-beams (that is, lengths with an L- or I-shaped cross section).

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Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia, or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and Československo, Česko-Slovensko), was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the:Czech Republic and:Slovakia on 1 January 1993.

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D-EWOH

D-EWOH is a Zlin Z 42M General Aviation aircraft.

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Dahlem (Berlin)

Dahlem is a locality of the Steglitz-Zehlendorf borough in southwestern Berlin.

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Dahme-Spreewald

Dahme-Spreewald (Wokrejs Damna-Błota) is a district in Brandenburg, Germany.

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Dallgow-Döberitz

Dallgow-Döberitz is a municipality in the Havelland district, in Brandenburg, Germany.

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David Bowie

David Robert Jones (8 January 1947 – 10 January 2016), known professionally as David Bowie, was an English singer-songwriter and actor.

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David Childs (academic)

David Childs FRSA (born September 1933) is a British academic and political historian, who is Professor Emeritus of Politics at the University of Nottingham.

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David Hackworth

David Haskell Hackworth (November 11, 1930 – May 4, 2005) also known as Hack, was a prominent military journalist and a former United States Army colonel who was decorated in both the Korean War and Vietnam War.

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David Hasselhoff

David Michael Hasselhoff (born July 17, 1952), nicknamed "The Hoff", is an American actor, singer, producer, and businessman, who set a Guinness World Record as the most watched man on TV.

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De jure

In law and government, de jure (lit) describes practices that are legally recognised, whether or not the practices exist in reality.

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Democracy

Democracy (δημοκρατία dēmokraa thetía, literally "rule by people"), in modern usage, has three senses all for a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting.

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Der Spiegel

Der Spiegel (lit. "The Mirror") is a German weekly news magazine published in Hamburg.

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Deutsche Mark

The Deutsche Mark ("German mark"), abbreviated "DM" or, was the official currency of West Germany from 1948 until 1990 and later the unified Germany from 1990 until 2002.

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Die Welt

Die Welt ("The World") is a German national daily newspaper, published as a broadsheet by Axel Springer SE.

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Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 26, 1991, officially granting self-governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union.

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East Berlin

East Berlin existed from 1949 to 1990 and consisted of the Soviet sector of Berlin established in 1945.

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East German mark

The East German mark (German), commonly called the eastern mark in West Germany and after the reunification), in East Germany only Mark, was the currency of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).

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East Germany

East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR), existed from 1949 to 1990 and covers the period when the eastern portion of Germany existed as a state that was part of the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War period.

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East Side Gallery

The East Side Gallery is an open-air gallery in Berlin.

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Eastern Bloc

The Eastern Bloc was the group of socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe, generally the Soviet Union and the countries of the Warsaw Pact.

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Eastern Bloc emigration and defection

Eastern Bloc emigration and defection was a point of controversy during the Cold War.

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EBay

eBay Inc. is a multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website.

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Egon Krenz

Egon Rudi Ernst Krenz (born 19 March 1937) is a former East German politician who was the last communist leader of East Germany during the final months of 1989.

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Elie Wiesel

Eliezer "Elie" Wiesel (’Ēlí‘ézer Vízēl; September 30, 1928 – July 2, 2016) was a Romanian-born American Jewish writer, professor, political activist, Nobel Laureate, and Holocaust survivor.

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Enclave and exclave

An enclave is a territory, or a part of a territory, that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state.

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End of World War II in Europe

The final battles of the European Theatre of World War II as well as the German surrender to the Allies took place in late April and early May 1945.

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Erich Honecker

Erich Honecker (25 August 1912 – 29 May 1994) was a German politician who, as the General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party, led the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from 1971 until the weeks preceding the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. From 1976 onward he was also the country's official head of state as chairman of the State Council following Willi Stoph's relinquishment of the post. Honecker's political career began in the 1930s when he became an official of the Communist Party of Germany, a position for which he was imprisoned during the Nazi era. Following World War II, he was freed and soon relaunched his political activities, founding the youth organisation the Free German Youth in 1946 and serving as the group's chairman until 1955. As the Security Secretary of the Party’s Central Committee in the new East German state, he was the prime organiser of the building of the Berlin Wall in 1961 and, in this function, bore responsibility for the "order to fire" along the Inner German border. In 1971, he initiated a political power struggle that led, with Soviet support, to his replacing Walter Ulbricht as First Secretary of the Central Committee and as chairman of the state's National Defense Council. Under his command, the country adopted a programme of "consumer socialism" and moved toward the international community by normalising relations with West Germany and also becoming a full member of the UN, in what is considered one of his greatest political successes. As Cold War tensions eased in the late 1980s under perestroika and glasnost, the liberal reforms of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, Honecker refused all but cosmetic changes to the East German political system, citing the continual hardliner attitudes of Kim Il-sung and Fidel Castro, whose respective regimes of North Korea and Cuba had been critical of reforms, leaders who ruthlessly suppressed opposition. As anticommunist protests grew, Honecker begged the USSR to intervene and suppress the protests to maintain communist rule in East Germany like the Prague Spring of 1968 and the Hungarian Revolution of 1956; Gorbachev refused. Honecker was forced to resign by his party in October 1989 in a bid to improve the government's image before the public. Honecker's eighteen years at the helm of the soon-to-collapse German Democratic Republic came to an end. Following German reunification, he sought asylum in the Chilean embassy in Moscow in 1991 but was extradited back to Germany a year later to stand trial for his role in the human rights abuses committed by the East German government. However, the proceedings were abandoned due to illness and he was freed from custody to travel to join his family in exile in Chile, where he died in May 1994 from liver cancer.

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Falkensee

Falkensee is a town in the Havelland district, Brandenburg, Germany.

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Fascism

Fascism is a form of radical authoritarian ultranationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and control of industry and commerce, which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe.

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Federal Foreign Office

The Federal Foreign Office (German), abbreviated AA, is the foreign ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany, a federal agency responsible for both the country's foreign policy and its relationship with the European Union.

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Fence

A fence is a structure that encloses an area, typically outdoors, and is usually constructed from posts that are connected by boards, wire, rails or netting.

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Flash Video

Flash Video is a container file format used to deliver digital video content (e.g., TV shows, movies, etc.) over the Internet using Adobe Flash Player version 6 and newer.

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Flickr

Flickr (pronounced "flicker") is an image hosting service and video hosting service.

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Fort Gordon

Fort Gordon, formerly known as Camp Gordon, is a United States Army installation established in October 1941.

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Four Power Agreement on Berlin

The Four Power Agreement on Berlin also known as the Berlin Agreement or the Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin was agreed on 3 September 1971 by the four wartime Allied powers, represented by their ambassadors.

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François Mitterrand

François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand (26 October 1916 – 8 January 1996) was a French statesman who was President of France from 1981 to 1995, the longest time in office of any French president.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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Frederic Pryor

Frederic L. Pryor (born 1933) is an American Senior Research Scholar of Economics at Swarthmore College, widely known for his role in a noted Cold War spy-swap subsequent to the 1960 U-2 incident.

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Free German Youth

The Free German Youth, also known as the FDJ (Freie Deutsche Jugend), is a youth movement in Germany.

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Freedom of movement

Freedom of movement, mobility rights, or the right to travel is a human rights concept encompassing the right of individuals to travel from place to place within the territory of a country,Jérémiee Gilbert, Nomadic Peoples and Human Rights (2014), p. 73: "Freedom of movement within a country encompasses both the right to travel freely within the territory of the State and the right to relocate oneself and to choose one's place of residence".

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French Forces in Berlin

The French Forces in Berlin (Forces Françaises à Berlin) were the units of the French Armed Forces stationed in Cold War-era West Berlin according to the agreements of the Yalta Conference and Potsdam Conference.

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Friedrich Schiller

Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (10 November 17599 May 1805) was a German poet, philosopher, physician, historian, and playwright.

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Friedrichshain

Friedrichshain is a district of the Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg borough in Berlin, Germany.

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Friedrichstraße

The Friedrichstraße (lit. Frederick Street) is a major culture and shopping street in central Berlin, forming the core of the Friedrichstadt neighborhood and giving the name to Berlin Friedrichstraße station.

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Funeral in Berlin (film)

Funeral in Berlin is a 1966 British spy film directed by Guy Hamilton and based on the novel of the same name by Len Deighton.

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Günter Litfin

Günter Litfin (19 January 1937 – 24 August 1961) was a German tailor who became the second known person to die at the Berlin Wall.

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Günter Schabowski

Günter Schabowski (4 January 1929 – 1 November 2015) was an official of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands abbreviated SED), the ruling party during most of the existence of the German Democratic Republic (GDR).

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Geert Mak

Geert Ludzer Mak (born 4 December 1946 in Vlaardingen) is a Dutch journalist and a non-fiction writer in the field of history.

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General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was an office of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) that by the late 1920s had evolved into the most powerful of the Central Committee's various secretaries.

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George Marshall

George Catlett Marshall Jr. (December 31, 1880 – October 16, 1959) was an American statesman and soldier.

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Georgia (U.S. state)

Georgia is a state in the Southeastern United States.

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German reunification

The German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic (GDR, colloquially East Germany; German: Deutsche Demokratische Republik/DDR) became part of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, colloquially West Germany; German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland/BRD) to form the reunited nation of Germany, and when Berlin reunited into a single city, as provided by its then Grundgesetz (constitution) Article 23.

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German Unity Day

The Day of German Unity (Tag der Deutschen Einheit) is the national day of Germany, celebrated on 3 October as a public holiday.

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Gesellschaft für Sport und Technik

The Gesellschaft für Sport und Technik (GST), lit.

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Gestapo

The Gestapo, abbreviation of Geheime Staatspolizei (Secret State Police), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe.

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Ghost station

Ghost stations is the usual English translation for the German word Geisterbahnhöfe.

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Glass Spider Tour

The Glass Spider Tour was a 1987 worldwide concert tour by David Bowie, launched in support of his album Never Let Me Down.

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Glienicke Bridge

The Glienicke Bridge (Glienicker Brücke) is a bridge across the Havel River in Germany, connecting the Wannsee district of Berlin with the Brandenburg capital Potsdam.

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Glienicke/Nordbahn

Glienicke/Nordbahn is a municipality in the Oberhavel district, in Brandenburg, Germany.

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Graffiti

Graffiti (plural of graffito: "a graffito", but "these graffiti") are writing or drawings that have been scribbled, scratched, or painted, typically illicitly, on a wall or other surface, often within public view.

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Graham Nash

Graham William Nash, OBE (born 2 February 1942) is a British-American singer-songwriter and musician.

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Great Firewall

The Great Firewall of China (abbreviated to GFW) is the combination of legislative actions and technologies enforced by the People's Republic of China to regulate the Internet domestically.

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Green Line (Lebanon)

The Green Line was a line of demarcation in Beirut, Lebanon, during the Lebanese Civil War from 1975 to 1990.

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Großbeeren

Großbeeren is a municipality in the district of Teltow-Fläming in the German state of Brandenburg.

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Guy Hamilton

Mervyn Ian Guy Hamilton, DSC (16 September 1922 – 20 April 2016) was an English film director.

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Hanns Joachim Friedrichs

Hanns Joachim "Hajo" Friedrichs (15 March 1927 in Hamm – 28 March 1995 in Hamburg) was a German journalist.

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Harald Jäger

Harald Jäger (born 27 April 1943) is a former East German Passport Control Unit (PKE), lieutenant colonel who was in charge of the passport control unit.

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Havelland (district)

Havelland is a district or county in Brandenburg, Germany.

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Heinz Schäfer

Heinz Schäfer (born c. 1930/31) is a former East German Stasi officer who was present during at least two significant European events of the Cold War years.

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Helmstedt

Helmstedt is a town on the eastern edge of the German state of Lower Saxony.

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Hennigsdorf

Hennigsdorf is a town in the district of Oberhavel, in Brandenburg, Germany.

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Heute

heute (German for 'today') is a television news program on the German channel ZDF.

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History (U.S. TV network)

History (originally The History Channel from 1995 to 2008) is a history-based digital cable and satellite television network that is owned by A&E Networks, a joint venture between the Hearst Communications and the Disney–ABC Television Group division of the Walt Disney Company.

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History of rail transport in Germany

The history of rail transport in Germany can be traced back to the 16th century.

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History of the Berlin S-Bahn

The Berlin S-Bahn began on 8 August 1924 with the first section from Stettiner Vorortbahnhof to Bernau using steam locomotives.

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Hoboken, New Jersey

Hoboken (Unami: Hupokàn) is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States.

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Hohen Neuendorf

Hohen Neuendorf is a town in the Oberhavel district, in Brandenburg, Germany.

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Holidays in the Sun (song)

"Holidays in the Sun" is a song by the English band the Sex Pistols.

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Human capital flight

Human capital flight refers to the emigration of individuals who have received advanced training at home.

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Hungary

Hungary (Magyarország) is a country in Central Europe that covers an area of in the Carpathian Basin, bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Austria to the northwest, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, and Slovenia to the west.

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Hyannis Port, Massachusetts

Hyannis Port (or Hyannisport) is a small residential village located in Barnstable, Massachusetts, United States.

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Ich bin ein Berliner

"Ich bin ein Berliner" ("I am a Berliner") is a quotation of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, in a speech given on June 26, 1963, in West Berlin.

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Ida Siekmann

Ida Siekmann (23 August 1902 – 22 August 1961) was a German nurse who became the first known person to die at the Berlin Wall, only nine days after the beginning of its construction.

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In Europa (series)

In Europa is a series of television documentaries on Europe in the 20th century, based on the book with the same name by Dutch writer and historian Geert Mak.

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Inner German border

The inner German border (innerdeutsche Grenze or deutsch-deutsche Grenze; initially also Zonengrenze) was the border between the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, West Germany) from 1949 to 1990.

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Innocent Eyes (Graham Nash album)

Innocent Eyes is the fourth solo studio album by British singer-songwriter Graham Nash, released in March 1986.

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International Spy Museum

The International Spy Museum is a 501(c)(3) private non-profit museum dedicated to the tradecraft, history and contemporary role of espionage, featuring the largest collection of international espionage artifacts currently on public display.

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Iron Curtain

The Iron Curtain was the name for the boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991.

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Israeli West Bank barrier

The Israeli West Bank barrier or wall (for further names see here) is a separation barrier in the West Bank or along the Green Line.

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John F. Kennedy

John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963.

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John le Carré

David John Moore Cornwell (born 19 October 1931), better known by the pen name John le Carré, is a British author of espionage novels.

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John Lydon

John Joseph Lydon (born 31 January 1956), also known by his stage name Johnny Rotten, is an English singer, songwriter and musician.

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John Schlesinger

John Richard Schlesinger (16 February 1926 – 25 July 2003) was an English film and stage director, and actor.

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John Wiley & Sons

John Wiley & Sons, Inc., also referred to as Wiley, is a global publishing company that specializes in academic publishing.

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Joni Mitchell

Roberta Joan "Joni" Mitchell, CC (née Anderson; born November 7, 1943) is a Canadian singer-songwriter.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Georgian nationality.

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Junker

Junker (Junker, Scandinavian: Junker, Jonkheer, Yunker) is a noble honorific, derived from Middle High German Juncherre, meaning "young nobleman"Duden; Meaning of Junker, in German.

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Kalandia

Kalandia (قلنديا, קלנדיה), also Qalandiya, is a Palestinian village located in the West Bank, between Jerusalem and Ramallah, just west from the Jerusalem municipality boundary.

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Keith Haring

Keith Allen Haring (May 4, 1958 – February 16, 1990) was an American artist whose pop art and graffiti-like work grew out of the New York City street culture of the 1980s.

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Kennedy Compound

The Kennedy Compound consists of three houses on six acres (24,000 m²) of waterfront property on Cape Cod along Nantucket Sound in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, United States.

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Killing of Peter Fechter

Peter Fechter (14 January 1944 – 17 August 1962) was a German bricklayer who became the twenty-seventh known person to die at the Berlin Wall.

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Klaus Wowereit

Klaus Wowereit (born 1 October 1953) is a German politician, member of the SPD (Social Democratic Party), and was the Governing Mayor of Berlin from 21 October 2001 to 11 December 2014.

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Kleinmachnow

Kleinmachnow is a municipality in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district, in Brandenburg, Germany.

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Korean Demilitarized Zone

The Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ; Chosŏn'gŭl/Hangul: 한반도 비무장 지대; Hanja: 韓半島非武裝地帶) is a strip of land running across the Korean Peninsula.

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Kristallnacht

Kristallnacht (lit. "Crystal Night") or Reichskristallnacht, also referred to as the Night of Broken Glass, Reichspogromnacht or simply Pogromnacht, and Novemberpogrome (Yiddish: קרישטאָל נאַכט krishtol nakt), was a pogrom against Jews throughout Nazi Germany on 9–10 November 1938, carried out by SA paramilitary forces and German civilians.

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Len Deighton

Leonard Cyril Deighton (born 18 February 1929), known as Len Deighton, is a British author.

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Leonard Bernstein

Leonard Bernstein (August 25, 1918 – October 14, 1990) was an American composer, conductor, author, music lecturer, and pianist.

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Levon Helm

Mark Lavon "Levon" Helm (May 26, 1940 – April 19, 2012) was an American musician and actor who achieved fame as the drummer and one of the vocalists for The Band.

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Liberalization

Liberalization (or liberalisation) is a general term for any process whereby a state lifts restrictions on some private individual activities.

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List of Berlin Wall segments

Many segments of the Berlin Wall have been given to various institutions since its fall on November 9, 1989.

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List of walls

See List of fortifications for a list of notable fortified structures.

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Liza Fox

Liza Fox is a Siberian-born singer-songwriter best known for her American Idol appearance and her U.S. Billboard and U.K. Music Week charting singles "Gimme All (Ring My Bell)," "Dynamite," and "I Am Not I.".

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Looking for Freedom (song)

"Looking for Freedom" is a song by German music producer Jack White (Horst Nussbaum) originally released in 1978 with German singer Marc Seaberg.

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Loophole

A loophole is an ambiguity or inadequacy in a system, such as a law or security, which can be used to circumvent or otherwise avoid the purpose, implied or explicitly stated, of the system.

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Los Angeles Times

The Los Angeles Times is a daily newspaper which has been published in Los Angeles, California since 1881.

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Lucius D. Clay

General Lucius Dubignon Clay (April 23, 1898 – April 16, 1978) was a senior officer of the United States Army who was known for his administration of occupied Germany after World War II.

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Ludwig van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 1770Beethoven was baptised on 17 December. His date of birth was often given as 16 December and his family and associates celebrated his birthday on that date, and most scholars accept that he was born on 16 December; however there is no documentary record of his birth.26 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist.

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Luisenstadt Canal

The Luisenstadt Canal, or Luisenstädtischer Kanal, is a long former canal in Berlin, Germany.

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Lyndon B. Johnson

Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969, assuming the office after having served as the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963.

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Margaret Thatcher

Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, (13 October 19258 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990.

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Marianne Faithfull

Marianne Evelyn Gabriel Faithfull (born 29 December 1946) is an English singer, songwriter and actress.

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Marienborn

Marienborn is a village and a former municipality in the Börde district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

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MarketWatch

MarketWatch operates a financial information website that provides business news, analysis, and stock market data.

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Marshall Plan

The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $13 billion (nearly $ billion in US dollars) in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II.

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Martin Ritt

Martin Ritt (March 2, 1914 – December 8, 1990) was an American director and actor who worked in both film and theater.

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Marxism–Leninism

In political science, Marxism–Leninism is the ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, of the Communist International and of Stalinist political parties.

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Mühlenbecker Land

Mühlenbecker Land is a municipality in the Oberhavel district, in Brandenburg, Germany.

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Michael Caine

Sir Michael Caine (born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite Jr., 14 March 1933) is an English actor, producer, and author.

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Mikhail Gorbachev

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, GCL (born 2 March 1931) is a Russian and former Soviet politician.

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Mikhail Pervukhin

Mikhail Georgievich Pervukhin (Михаи́л Гео́ргиевич Перву́хин; 14 October 1904 – 22 July 1978) was a Soviet official during the Stalin Era, Khrushchev Era and the early Brezhnev Era.

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Military Demarcation Line

The Military Demarcation Line (MDL), sometimes referred to as the Armistice Line, is the land border or demarcation line between North Korea and South Korea.

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Military liaison missions

The military liaison missions arose from reciprocal agreements formed between the Western allied nations (the US, the UK and France) and the USSR shortly after the end of the Second World War.

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Mitte (locality)

Mitte (German for "middle, centre", commonly used without an article) is a central locality (Ortsteil) of Berlin in the homonymous district (Bezirk) of Mitte.

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Monday demonstrations in East Germany

The Monday demonstrations in East Germany in 1989 to 1991 (Montagsdemonstrationen) were a series of peaceful political protests against the government of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) that took place every Monday evening.

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Monte Carlo

Monte Carlo (Monte-Carlo, or colloquially Monte-Carl; Monégasque: Monte-Carlu) officially refers to an administrative area of the Principality of Monaco, specifically the ward of Monte Carlo/Spélugues, where the Monte Carlo Casino is located.

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MTV Europe Music Award

An MTV Europe Music Award (commonly abbreviated as a EMAs) is an award presented by Viacom International Media Networks to honour artists and music in pop culture.

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National People's Army

The National People's Army (NPA) (German: Nationale Volksarmee – NVA) was the name used for the armed forces of the German Democratic Republic.

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National Security Agency

The National Security Agency (NSA) is a national-level intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense, under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence.

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Natural gas

Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.

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New Frontier

The term New Frontier was used by liberal Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy in his acceptance speech in the 1960 United States presidential election to the Democratic National Convention at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum as the Democratic slogan to inspire America to support him.

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New states of Germany

The new federal states of Germany (die neuen Bundesländer) are the five re-established states in the former German Democratic Republic that acceded to the Federal Republic of Germany with its 10 states upon German reunification on 3 October 1990.

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Night Crossing

Night Crossing is a 1982 British-American drama film starring John Hurt, Jane Alexander and Beau Bridges.

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Nikita Khrushchev

Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (15 April 1894 – 11 September 1971) was a Soviet statesman who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964.

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Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize (Swedish definite form, singular: Nobelpriset; Nobelprisen) is a set of six annual international awards bestowed in several categories by Swedish and Norwegian institutions in recognition of academic, cultural, or scientific advances.

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Northern Germany

Northern Germany (Norddeutschland) is the region in the north of Germany whose exact area is not precisely or consistently defined.

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November 9 in German history

9 November has been the date of several important events in German history.

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Oberbaum Bridge

The Oberbaum Bridge (Oberbaumbrücke) is a double-deck bridge crossing Berlin's River Spree, considered one of the city's landmarks.

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Oberhavel

Oberhavel is a Kreis (district) in the northern part of Brandenburg, Germany.

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Ode to Joy

"Ode to Joy" (German), is an ode written in the summer of 1785 by German poet, playwright, and historian Friedrich Schiller and published the following year in Thalia.

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Oder–Neisse line

The Oder–Neisse line (granica na Odrze i Nysie Łużyckiej, Oder-Neiße-Grenze) is the international border between Germany and Poland.

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Ogg

Ogg is a free, open container format maintained by the Xiph.Org Foundation.

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Operation Gold

Operation Gold (also known as Operation Stopwatch by the British) was a joint operation conducted by the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the British MI6 Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) in the 1950s to tap into landline communication of the Soviet Army headquarters in Berlin using a tunnel into the Soviet-occupied zone.

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Ostalgie

Ostalgie is a German term referring to nostalgia for aspects of life in East Germany.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Palestinians

The Palestinian people (الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha‘b al-Filasṭīnī), also referred to as Palestinians (الفلسطينيون, al-Filasṭīniyyūn, פָלַסְטִינִים) or Palestinian Arabs (العربي الفلسطيني, al-'arabi il-filastini), are an ethnonational group comprising the modern descendants of the peoples who have lived in Palestine over the centuries, including Jews and Samaritans, and who today are largely culturally and linguistically Arab.

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Pantheon Books

Pantheon Books is an American book publishing imprint with editorial independence.

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Pathé News

Pathé News was a producer of newsreels and documentaries from 1910 until 1970 in the United Kingdom.

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Peace lines

The peace lines or peace walls are a series of separation barriers in Northern Ireland that separate predominantly Republican and Nationalist Catholic neighbourhoods from predominantly Loyalist and Unionist Protestant neighbourhoods.

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Peaceful Revolution

The Peaceful Revolution (Friedliche Revolution) was the process of sociopolitical change that led to the end of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany of the German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) and the transition to a parliamentary democracy which enabled the reunification of Germany.

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Peter Schneider (writer)

Peter Schneider (born 21 April 1940, in Lübeck) is a German writer.

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Pink Floyd

Pink Floyd were an English rock band formed in London in 1965.

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Pogrom

The term pogrom has multiple meanings, ascribed most often to the deliberate persecution of an ethnic or religious group either approved or condoned by the local authorities.

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Poland

Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.

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Potsdam

Potsdam is the capital and largest city of the German federal state of Brandenburg.

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Potsdam Agreement

The Potsdam Agreement (Potsdamer Abkommen) was the August 1945 agreement between three of the Allies of World War II, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union.

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Potsdam-Mittelmark

Potsdam-Mittelmark is a Kreis (district) in the western part of Brandenburg, Germany.

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Potsdamer Platz

Potsdamer Platz (literally Potsdam Square) is an important public square and traffic intersection in the centre of Berlin, Germany, lying about south of the Brandenburg Gate and the Reichstag (German Parliament Building), and close to the southeast corner of the Tiergarten park.

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President of France

The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française) is the executive head of state of France in the French Fifth Republic.

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President of the United States

The President of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America.

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Princeton University Press

Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.

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Punk rock

Punk rock (or "punk") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.

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Rabbit à la Berlin

Rabbit à la Berlin (Polish: Królik po berlińsku, Deutsch: Mauerhase) is a 2009 documentary film, directed by Bartek Konopka.

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RAF Gatow

Known for most of its operational life as Royal Air Force Station Gatow, or more commonly RAF Gatow, this former British Royal Air Force airfield (military airbase) is in the district of Gatow in south-western Berlin, west of the Havel river, in the borough of Spandau.

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Rathaus Schöneberg

Rathaus Schöneberg is the city hall for the borough of Tempelhof-Schöneberg in Berlin.

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Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria

The removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria occurred in 1989 during the collapse of communism in Hungary, which was part of a broad wave of revolutions in various communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe.

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Republikflucht

"Republikflucht" ("desertion from the republic") and "Republikflüchtling(e)" ("deserter(s) from the republic") were the terms used by authorities in the German Democratic Republic (GDR – East Germany) to describe the process of and the person(s) leaving the GDR for a life in West Germany or any other Western (non-Warsaw Pact) country (Eastern Bloc emigration and defection).

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Reunification of Jerusalem

The Reunification of Jerusalem refers to the June 1967 administrative merger of West Jerusalem and East Jerusalem by Israel, following the conquest of the Eastern half of the city (including the walled Old City) from Jordan during the Six Day War.

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Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire

A set of revolutions took place in the Austrian Empire from March 1848 to November 1849.

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Revolutions of 1989

The Revolutions of 1989 formed part of a revolutionary wave in the late 1980s and early 1990s that resulted in the end of communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe and beyond.

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Riccardo Ehrman

Riccardo Ehrmann (born 4 November 1929 in Florence) is a retired Italian journalist whose question at a government press conference in the former East Germany is said to have precipitated the end of the Berlin Wall.

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Rick Danko

Richard Clare Danko (December 29, 1943 – December 10, 1999) was a Canadian musician, bassist, songwriter and singer, best known as a member of The Band.

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Robert Blum

Robert Blum (10 November 1807 – 9 November 1848) was a German democratic politician, publicist, poet, publisher, revolutionist and member of the National Assembly of 1848.

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Roger Waters

George Roger Waters (born 6 September 1943) is an English songwriter, singer, bassist, and composer.

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Roland Suso Richter

Roland Suso Richter (born January 7, 1961 in Marburg) is a German film director and producer.

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Ronald Reagan

Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

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Rory MacLean

Rory MacLean FRSL (born 5 November 1954) is a British-Canadian historian and travel writer who lives and works in Berlin and the United Kingdom.

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Ross McElwee

Ross McElwee is an American documentary filmmaker known for his autobiographical films about his family and personal life, usually interwoven with an episodic journey that intersects with larger political or philosophical issues.

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Royal Air Force

The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's aerial warfare force.

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Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg

Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (rbb) (Berlin-Brandenburg Broadcasting) is an institution under public law (national broadcaster) for the German states of Berlin and Brandenburg, situated in Berlin and Potsdam.

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Schönefeld

Schönefeld is a suburban municipality in the Dahme-Spreewald district, Brandenburg, Germany.

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Schönwalde-Glien

Schönwalde-Glien is a municipality in the Havelland district, in Brandenburg, Germany.

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Schießbefehl

The German term Schießbefehl ("order to fire") was the common term to refer to a standing order that instructed border patrols of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) to prevent border penetration by all means including lethal force.

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Scorpions (band)

Scorpions are a German rock band formed in 1965 in Hanover by Rudolf Schenker.

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Secret Intelligence Service

The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), commonly known as MI6, is the foreign intelligence service of the government of the United Kingdom, tasked mainly with the covert overseas collection and analysis of human intelligence (HUMINT) in support of the UK's national security.

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Separation barrier

A separation barrier or separation wall is a barrier, wall or fence, constructed to limit the movement of people across a certain line or border, or to separate peoples or cultures.

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Sex Pistols

The Sex Pistols were an English punk rock band that formed in London in 1975.

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SimCity 3000

SimCity 3000 is a city building simulation video game released in 1999, and the third major installment in the ''SimCity'' series.

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Sinéad O'Connor

Magda Davitt (born Sinéad Marie Bernadette O'Connor, 8 December 1966) is an Irish singer-songwriter who rose to fame in the late 1980s with her debut album The Lion and the Cobra.

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SMERSH

SMERSH (СМЕРШ) was an umbrella organisation for three independent counter-intelligence agencies in the Red Army formed in late 1942 or even earlier, but officially announced only on 14 April 1943.

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Smith Center, Kansas

Smith Center is a city in and the county seat of Smith County, Kansas, United States.

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Social market economy

The social market economy (SOME; soziale Marktwirtschaft), also called Rhine capitalism, is a socioeconomic model combining a free market capitalist economic system alongside social policies which establish both fair competition within the market and a welfare state.

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Socialist Unity Party of Germany

The Socialist Unity Party of Germany (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands, SED), established in April 1946, was the governing Marxist–Leninist political party of the German Democratic Republic from the country's foundation in October 1949 until it was dissolved after the Peaceful Revolution in 1989.

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Southern Germany

Southern Germany as a region has no exact boundary but is generally taken to include the areas in which Upper German dialects are spoken.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Sovietization

Sovietization is the adoption of a political system based on the model of soviets (workers' councils) or the adoption of a way of life and mentality modelled after the Soviet Union.

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Spiegel Online

Spiegel Online (SPON) is one of the most widely read German-language news websites.

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Spree

The Spree (Sprjewja, Spréva) is a river that flows through the Saxony, Brandenburg and Berlin states of Germany, and in the Ústí nad Labem region of the Czech Republic.

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Spring-gun

A spring-gun is a gun, often a shotgun, rigged to fire when a string or other triggering device is tripped by contact of sufficient force to "spring" the trigger so that anyone stumbling over or treading on it would discharge the gun.

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Spy fiction

Spy fiction, a genre of literature involving espionage as an important context or plot device, emerged in the early twentieth century, inspired by rivalries and intrigues between the major powers, and the establishment of modern intelligence agencies.

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Stahnsdorf

Stahnsdorf is a municipality in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district, in Brandenburg, Germany.

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Stasi

The Ministry for State Security (Ministerium für Staatssicherheit, MfS) or State Security Service (Staatssicherheitsdienst, SSD), commonly known as the Stasi, was the official state security service of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).

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State Council of East Germany

The State Council (German: Staatsrat) was the collective head of state that governed East Germany (German Democratic Republic) from 1960 to 1990.

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Steinstücken

Steinstücken, a small settlement with approximately 200 inhabitants, is the southernmost territory of the Berlin borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf, belonging to Wannsee.

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Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)

The Symphony No.

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Tagesschau (German TV series)

Tagesschau (German for Review of the Day) is a German national and international television news service produced by the editorial staff of ARD-aktuell on behalf of the German public-service television network ARD.

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Tagesthemen

Tagesthemen is one of Germany's main daily television news magazines, presented by journalists Caren Miosga and Ingo Zamperoni.

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Telegraph Media Group

The Telegraph Media Group (TMG, previously the Telegraph Group) is the proprietor of The Daily Telegraph and The Sunday Telegraph.

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Teltow

Teltow is a town in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district, in Brandenburg, Germany.

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Teltow-Fläming

Teltow-Fläming is a Kreis (district) in the southwestern part of Brandenburg, Germany.

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The Berlin Wall (video game)

The Berlin Wall (also known as) is a platform arcade game released by Kaneko in 1991.

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The Daily Telegraph

The Daily Telegraph, commonly referred to simply as The Telegraph, is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally.

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The Globe and Mail

The Globe and Mail is a Canadian newspaper printed in five cities in western and central Canada.

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The Innocent (1993 film)

The Innocent is a 1993 John Schlesinger film.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The Road to the Wall

The Road to the Wall is a 1962 American short documentary film produced by Robert Saudek about the construction of the Berlin Wall.

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The Soldier (1982 film)

The Soldier (also released as Codename: The Soldier) is a 1982 American Cold War action-thriller film written, directed, and produced by James Glickenhaus and starring Ken Wahl, Alberta Watson, William Prince, Joaquim de Almeida, and Klaus Kinski, with a cameo by country singer George Strait.

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The Spy Who Came in from the Cold

The Spy Who Came in from the Cold is a 1963 Cold War spy novel by the British author John le Carré.

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The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (film)

The Spy Who Came in from the Cold is a 1965 British Cold War spy film directed by Martin Ritt and starring Richard Burton, Claire Bloom, and Oskar Werner.

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The Times

The Times is a British daily (Monday to Saturday) national newspaper based in London, England.

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The Tunnel (1962 film)

The Tunnel was a 90-minute black-and-white documentary film that chronicled how three West Berlin university students organized the escape of 26 friends and family members by digging a tunnel underneath the Berlin Wall from a former factory in West Berlin into the Communist East.

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The Tunnel (2001 film)

Der Tunnel is a made-for-television German film released in 2001 and loosely based on true events in Berlin following the closing of the East German border in August 1961 and the subsequent construction of the Berlin Wall.

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The Wall

The Wall is the eleventh studio album by English rock band Pink Floyd.

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The Wall – Live in Berlin

The Wall – Live in Berlin was a live concert performance by Roger Waters and numerous guest artists, of the Pink Floyd studio album The Wall, itself largely written by Waters during his time with the band.

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The Week

The Week is a weekly news magazine with editions in the United Kingdom and United States.

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The Wicked Dreams of Paula Schultz

The Wicked Dreams of Paula Schultz is a 1968 DeLuxe Color (Deluxe Entertainment Services Group) American comedy film directed by George Marshall and starring Elke Sommer, Bob Crane, Werner Klemperer and Leon Askin.

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TheJournal.ie

TheJournal.ie is an internet publication in Ireland.

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Thierry Noir

Thierry Noir is a French artist who is claimed to be the first street artist to paint the Berlin Wall.

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Thomas Dolby

Thomas Morgan Robertson (born 14 October 1958), known by the stage name Thomas Dolby, is an English musician, singer and producer.

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Thomas Mignone

Thomas Mignone is an American feature film, commercial, and music video director, and screenwriter.

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Time (magazine)

Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.

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Tokio Hotel

Tokio Hotel is a German rock band, founded in 2001 by singer Bill Kaulitz, guitarist Tom Kaulitz, drummer Gustav Schäfer, and bassist Georg Listing.

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Toni Fisher

Toni Fisher (December 4, 1924 – January 11, 1999), also known as Miss Toni Fisher and also known as Toni F. Monzello was an American pop singer.

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Tony Visconti

Anthony Edward Visconti (born April 24, 1944) is an American record producer, musician and singer.

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Topography of Terror

The Topography of Terror (Topographie des Terrors) is an outdoor and indoor history museum in Berlin, Germany.

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Trabant

The Trabant is an automobile which was produced from 1957 to 1990 by former East German car manufacturer VEB Sachsenring Automobilwerke Zwickau. Although it is often seen as symbolic of the defunct East Germany and the collapse of the Eastern Bloc in general, it was a sought-after car in East Germany before the fall of the Berlin Wall. The Trabant had a hard plastic body mounted on a one-piece steel chassis (a so-called unibody or monocoque), front-wheel drive, a transverse engine, and independent suspension unusual features at that time. Called "a spark plug with a roof", 3,096,999 Trabants in a number of models were produced over nearly three decades with few significant changes in their basic design. Older models became popular with collectors in the United States due to their low cost and fewer restrictions on the importation of antique cars. The Trabant also gained a following among car tuning and rally racing enthusiasts.

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Travel visa

A visa (from the Latin charta visa, meaning "paper which has been seen") is a conditional authorization granted by a country to a foreigner, allowing them to enter, remain within, or to leave that country.

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Trunk (car)

The trunk (North American English), boot (British English) or compartment (South-East Asia) of a car is the vehicle's main storage compartment.

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U2

U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin formed in 1976.

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Ultralight aviation

Ultralight aviation (called microlight aviation in some countries) is the flying of lightweight, 1- or 2-seat fixed-wing aircraft.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Universal Newsreel

Universal Newsreel (sometimes known as Universal-International Newsreel or just U-I Newsreel) was a series of 7- to 10-minute newsreels that were released twice a week between 1929 and 1967 by Universal Studios.

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University of Marburg

The Philipps University of Marburg (Philipps-Universität Marburg) was founded in 1527 by Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, which makes it one of Germany's oldest universities and the oldest Protestant university in the world.

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Unternehmen Reisebüro

The Unternehmen Reisebüro, also known as the Girrmann Group, was one of the first and most influential groups helping people escape from East Berlin during the Cold War.

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USA Today

USA Today is an internationally distributed American daily, middle-market newspaper that serves as the flagship publication of its owner, the Gannett Company.

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Van Morrison

Sir George Ivan Morrison (born 31 August 1945) is a Northern Irish singer-songwriter, instrumentalist and record producer.

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Vox (website)

Vox is an American news and opinion website owned by Vox Media.

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Vyacheslav Molotov

Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov (né Skryabin; 9 March 1890 – 8 November 1986) was a Soviet politician and diplomat, an Old Bolshevik, and a leading figure in the Soviet government from the 1920s, when he rose to power as a protégé of Joseph Stalin.

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Wall of Shame

"Wall of Shame" (Schandmauer) is a phrase that is most commonly associated with the Berlin Wall.

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Walter Ulbricht

Walter Ernst Paul Ulbricht (30 June 18931 August 1973) was a German Communist politician.

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Watchtower

A watchtower is a type of fortification used in many parts of the world.

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Weimar Republic

The Weimar Republic (Weimarer Republik) is an unofficial, historical designation for the German state during the years 1919 to 1933.

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Werner Schulz

Werner Gustav Schulz (born January 22, 1950 in Zwickau) is a German politician (Alliance '90/The Greens).

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Wessi

Wessi ("westerner") is the informal name that people in Germany call former citizens of West Germany before re-unification, while the counterpart for former citizens of East Germany is Ossi.

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West Bank

The West Bank (الضفة الغربية; הגדה המערבית, HaGadah HaMa'aravit) is a landlocked territory near the Mediterranean coast of Western Asia, the bulk of it now under Israeli control, or else under joint Israeli-Palestinian Authority control.

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West Berlin

West Berlin (Berlin (West) or colloquially West-Berlin) was a political enclave which comprised the western part of Berlin during the years of the Cold War.

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West Germany

West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; Bundesrepublik Deutschland, BRD) in the period between its creation on 23 May 1949 and German reunification on 3 October 1990.

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West of the Wall

"West of the Wall" is a 1962 song written by Wayne Shanklin, which was recorded as a single by Toni Fisher.

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Western culture

Western culture, sometimes equated with Western civilization, Occidental culture, the Western world, Western society, European civilization,is a term used very broadly to refer to a heritage of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems and specific artifacts and technologies that have some origin or association with Europe.

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Wilhelm II, German Emperor

Wilhelm II (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert von Hohenzollern; 27 January 18594 June 1941) was the last German Emperor (Kaiser) and King of Prussia, ruling the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918.

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Willy Brandt

Willy Brandt (born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm; 18 December 1913 – 8 October 1992) was a German statesman who was leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 1964 to 1987 and served as Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1969 to 1974.

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Winfried Freudenberg

Winfried Freudenberg (29 August 1956 – 8 March 1989) was the last person to die in an attempt to escape from East Germany to West Berlin across the Berlin Wall as he fell from an improvised gas balloon at high altitude over West Berlin.

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Wirtschaftswunder

The term Wirtschaftswunder ("economic miracle"), also known as The Miracle on the Rhine, describes the rapid reconstruction and development of the economies of West Germany and Austria after World War II (adopting an Ordoliberalism-based social market economy).

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Wolfgang Engels

Wolfgang Engels (born 1943 in Düsseldorf) is a former East German soldier.

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Yuri Andropov

Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov (p; – 9 February 1984) was a Soviet politician and the fourth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

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ZDF

Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen (Second German Television), usually shortened to ZDF, is a German public-service television broadcaster based in Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate.

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Zlín Z 42

The Zlin Z 42 is a single-engine two-seat Czechoslovakian trainer aircraft manufactured by Moravan Otrokovice.

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Redirects here:

Anti-Fascist Protection Rampart, Anti-Fascist Protection Wall, Anti-Fascist Protective Rampart, Anti-Fascist Protective Wall, Anti-fascist protection wall, Belrin wall, Berlin celebration concert, Berlin wall, Berlin wall falls, Berlin's Wall, BerlinWall, Berliner Mauer, Berlinskaya stena, Collapse of the Berlin Wall, Division of Berlin, Downfall of Berlin Wall, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Fall of the Wall, Fall of the wall, Mauerfall, The Berlin Wall, Wall of Berlin, When was the Berlin Wall built, Берли́нская стена.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Wall

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