Table of Contents
513 relations: Aaron ben Moses ben Asher, Abner, Abolitionism, Abraham, Abraham Lincoln's first inaugural address, Abrahamic religions, Achaemenid Empire, Acts of the Apostles, Acts of the Apostles (genre), Additions to Daniel, Against Apion, Aleppo Codex, Alexander the Great, Alexandria, Alexandrian text-type, Alfred the Great, American Civil War, Anathema, Anchor Bible Series, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Rome, Anglicanism, Annunciation (Leonardo), Anthology, Anti-Apartheid Movement, Antilegomena, Apocalyptic literature, Apocrypha, Apostles in the New Testament, Aramaic, Archaeology, Aristotle, Armenian Apostolic Church, Art of Europe, Ascension of Isaiah, Assumption of Moses, Assyria, Augustine of Hippo, Authorship of the Bible, Autograph, Babylonian captivity, Baháʼí Faith, Baroque, Bart D. Ehrman, Bava Batra, Bel and the Dragon, Beta Israel, Bible box, Bible case, Bible paper, ... Expand index (463 more) »
- Judeo-Christian topics
Aaron ben Moses ben Asher
Aaron ben Moses ben Asher (Hebrew:; Tiberian Hebrew: ʾAhărōn ben Mōše ben ʾĀšēr; 10th century, died c.960) was a sopher (Jewish scribe) who lived in Tiberias.
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Abner
In the Hebrew Bible, Abner (אַבְנֵר) was the cousin of King Saul and the commander-in-chief of his army.
See Bible and Abner
Abolitionism
Abolitionism, or the abolitionist movement, is the movement to end slavery and liberate slaves around the world.
Abraham
Abraham (originally Abram) is the common Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Abraham Lincoln's first inaugural address
Abraham Lincoln's first inaugural address was delivered on Monday, March 4, 1861, as part of his taking of the oath of office for his first term as the sixteenth president of the United States.
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Abrahamic religions
The Abrahamic religions are a grouping of three of the major religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) together due to their historical coexistence and competition; it refers to Abraham, a figure mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, the Christian Bible, and the Quran, and is used to show similarities between these religions and put them in contrast to Indian religions, Iranian religions, and the East Asian religions (though other religions and belief systems may refer to Abraham as well).
See Bible and Abrahamic religions
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (𐎧𐏁𐏂), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.
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Acts of the Apostles
The Acts of the Apostles (Πράξεις Ἀποστόλων, Práxeis Apostólōn; Actūs Apostolōrum) is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian Church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire.
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Acts of the Apostles (genre)
The Acts of the Apostles is a genre of early Christian literature, recounting the lives and works of the apostles of Jesus.
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Additions to Daniel
The additions of Daniel are three chapters not found in the Hebrew/Aramaic text of Daniel.
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Against Apion
Against Apion (περὶ ἀρχαιότητος Ἰουδαίων λόγος Peri Archaiotētos Ioudaiōn Logos; Latin Contra Apionem or In Apionem) is a polemical work written by Flavius Josephus as a defense of Judaism as a classical religion and philosophy against criticism by Apion, stressing its antiquity against what he perceived as more recent traditions of the Greeks.
Aleppo Codex
The Aleppo Codex (כֶּתֶר אֲרָם צוֹבָא, romanized:, lit. 'Crown of Aleppo') is a medieval bound manuscript of the Hebrew Bible.
Alexander the Great
Alexander III of Macedon (Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon.
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Alexandria
Alexandria (الإسكندرية; Ἀλεξάνδρεια, Coptic: Ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ - Rakoti or ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ) is the second largest city in Egypt and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast.
Alexandrian text-type
In textual criticism of the New Testament, the Alexandrian text-type is one of the main text types.
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Alfred the Great
Alfred the Great (also spelled Ælfred; – 26 October 899) was King of the West Saxons from 871 to 886, and King of the Anglo-Saxons from 886 until his death in 899.
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American Civil War
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), which was formed in 1861 by states that had seceded from the Union.
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Anathema
The word anathema has two main meanings.
Anchor Bible Series
The Anchor Bible Series, which consists of a commentary series, a Bible dictionary, and a reference library, is a scholarly and commercial co-venture which was begun in 1956, with the publication of individual volumes in the commentary series.
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Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeast Africa.
Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
Anglicanism
Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition which developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe.
Annunciation (Leonardo)
The Annunciation is a painting widely attributed to the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci, dated to.
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Anthology
In book publishing, an anthology is a collection of literary works chosen by the compiler; it may be a collection of plays, poems, short stories, songs, or related fiction/non-fiction excerpts by different authors.
Anti-Apartheid Movement
The Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM) was a British organisation that was at the centre of the international movement opposing the South African apartheid system and supporting South Africa's non-white population who were oppressed by the policies of apartheid.
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Antilegomena
Antilegomena (from Greek ἀντιλεγόμενα) are written texts whose authenticity or value is disputed.
Apocalyptic literature
Apocalyptic literature is a genre of prophetical writing that developed in post-Exilic Jewish culture and was popular among millennialist early Christians.
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Apocrypha
Apocrypha are biblical or related writings not forming part of the accepted canon of scripture.
Apostles in the New Testament
In Christian theology and ecclesiology, the apostles, particularly the Twelve Apostles (also known as the Twelve Disciples or simply the Twelve), were the primary disciples of Jesus according to the New Testament.
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Aramaic
Aramaic (ˀərāmiṯ; arāmāˀiṯ) is a Northwest Semitic language that originated in the ancient region of Syria and quickly spread to Mesopotamia, the southern Levant, southeastern Anatolia, Eastern Arabia and the Sinai Peninsula, where it has been continually written and spoken in different varieties for over three thousand years.
Archaeology
Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.
Aristotle
Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath.
Armenian Apostolic Church
The Armenian Apostolic Church (translit) is the national church of Armenia.
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Art of Europe
The art of Europe, also known as Western art, encompasses the history of visual art in Europe.
Ascension of Isaiah
The Ascension of Isaiah is a pseudepigraphical Judeo-Christian text.
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Assumption of Moses
The Assumption of Moses, also known as the Testament of Moses (Hebrew עליית משה Aliyah Mosheh), is a 1st-century Jewish apocryphal work.
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Assyria
Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: x16px, māt Aššur) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC, which eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC.
Augustine of Hippo
Augustine of Hippo (Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis; 13 November 354 – 28 August 430), also known as Saint Augustine, was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Africa.
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Authorship of the Bible
There is much disagreement within biblical scholarship today over the authorship of the Bible.
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Autograph
An autograph is a person's own handwriting or signature.
Babylonian captivity
The Babylonian captivity or Babylonian exile was the period in Jewish history during which a large number of Judeans from the ancient Kingdom of Judah were forcibly relocated to Babylonia by the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
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Baháʼí Faith
The Baháʼí Faith is a religion founded in the 19th century that teaches the essential worth of all religions and the unity of all people.
Baroque
The Baroque is a Western style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from the early 17th century until the 1750s.
Bart D. Ehrman
Bart Denton Ehrman (born October 5, 1955) is an American New Testament scholar focusing on textual criticism of the New Testament, the historical Jesus, and the origins and development of early Christianity.
Bava Batra
Bava Batra (also Baba Batra; The Last Gate) is the third of the three Talmudic tractates in the Talmud in the order Nezikin; it deals with a person's responsibilities and rights as the owner of property.
Bel and the Dragon
The narrative of Bel and the Dragon is incorporated as chapter 14 of the extended Book of Daniel.
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Beta Israel
The Beta Israel, or Ethiopian Jews, are an African community of the Jewish diaspora.
Bible box
A Bible box is a small container that is used to store a bible.
Bible case
A Bible case is a small, generally rectangular shaped bag, the primary purpose of which is to protect the owner's Bible from damage and also to allow the owner to easily identify their bible from others.
Bible paper
Bible paper, also known as scritta paper, is a thin grade of paper used for printing books which have many pages, such as a dictionary.
Bible society
A Bible society is a non-profit organization, usually nondenominational in makeup, devoted to translating, publishing, and distributing the Bible at affordable prices.
Bible translations
The Bible has been translated into many languages from the biblical languages of Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek.
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Bible translations into Coptic
There have been many Coptic versions of the Bible, including some of the earliest translations into any language.
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Bible translations into Slavic languages
The history of all Bible translations into Slavic languages begins with Bible translations into Church Slavonic.
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Biblical Aramaic
Biblical Aramaic is the form of Aramaic that is used in the books of Daniel and Ezra in the Hebrew Bible.
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Biblical archaeology
Biblical archaeology is an academic school and a subset of Biblical studies and Levantine archaeology.
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Biblical canon
A biblical canon is a set of texts (also called "books") which a particular Jewish or Christian religious community regards as part of the Bible.
Biblical criticism
Biblical criticism is the use of critical analysis to understand and explain the Bible without appealing to the supernatural.
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Biblical Hebrew
Biblical Hebrew (rtl ʿīḇrîṯ miqrāʾîṯ or rtl ləšôn ham-miqrāʾ), also called Classical Hebrew, is an archaic form of the Hebrew language, a language in the Canaanitic branch of the Semitic languages spoken by the Israelites in the area known as the Land of Israel, roughly west of the Jordan River and east of the Mediterranean Sea.
Biblical hermeneutics
Biblical hermeneutics is the study of the principles of interpretation concerning the books of the Bible.
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Biblical inerrancy
Biblical inerrancy is the belief that the Bible "is without error or fault in all its teaching"; or, at least, that "Scripture in the original manuscripts does not affirm anything that is contrary to fact".
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Biblical infallibility
Biblical infallibility is the belief that what the Bible says regarding matters of faith and Christian practice is wholly useful and true.
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Biblical inspiration
Biblical inspiration is the doctrine in Christian theology that the human writers and canonizers of the Bible were led by God with the result that their writings may be designated in some sense the word of God.
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Biblical languages
Biblical languages are any of the languages employed in the original writings of the Bible.
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Biblical literalism
Biblical literalism or biblicism is a term used differently by different authors concerning biblical interpretation.
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Biblical manuscript
A biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible.
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Biblical maximalism
Biblical maximalism is the movement in Biblical scholarship that, as opposed to Biblical minimalism, affirms the historicity of central Biblical narratives, such as those pertaining to the United Monarchy, and the historical authenticity of ancient Israel as a whole.
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Biblical minimalism
Biblical minimalism, also known as the Copenhagen School because two of its most prominent figures taught at Copenhagen University, is a movement or trend in biblical scholarship that began in the 1990s with two main claims.
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Biblical software
Biblical software or Bible software is a group of computer applications designed to read, study and in some cases discuss biblical texts and concepts.
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Biedenharn Museum and Gardens
The Biedenharn Museum and Gardens is a home museum and botanical garden located beside the Ouachita River at 2006 Riverside Drive in Monroe in Ouachita Parish, Louisiana, United States.
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Bizzell Memorial Library
The Bizzell Memorial Library, known also as Bizzell Library, is a five-story brick structure located at the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma.
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Book of Amos
The Book of Amos is the third of the Twelve Minor Prophets in the Old Testament (Tanakh) and the second in the Greek Septuagint tradition.
Book of Baruch
The Book of Baruch is a deuterocanonical book of the Bible, used in many Christian traditions, such as Catholic and Orthodox churches.
Book of Daniel
The Book of Daniel is a 2nd-century BC biblical apocalypse with a 6th century BC setting.
Book of Deuteronomy
Deuteronomy (second law; Liber Deuteronomii) is the fifth book of the Torah (in Judaism), where it is called (דְּבָרִים|Dəḇārīm| words) and the fifth book of the Hebrew Bible and Christian Old Testament.
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Book of Enoch
The Book of Enoch (also 1 Enoch; Hebrew: סֵפֶר חֲנוֹךְ, Sēfer Ḥănōḵ; መጽሐፈ ሄኖክ) is an ancient Hebrew apocalyptic religious text, ascribed by tradition to the patriarch Enoch who was the father of Methuselah and the great-grandfather of Noah.
Book of Esther
The Book of Esther (Megillat Ester; Ἐσθήρ; Liber Esther), also known in Hebrew as "the Scroll" ("the Megillah"), is a book in the third section (כְּתוּבִים "Writings") of the Hebrew Bible.
Book of Exodus
The Book of Exodus (from translit; שְׁמוֹת Šəmōṯ, 'Names'; Liber Exodus) is the second book of the Bible.
Book of Ezekiel
The Book of Ezekiel is the third of the Latter Prophets in the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) and one of the major prophetic books in the Christian Bible, where it follows Isaiah and Jeremiah.
Book of Ezra
The Book of Ezra is a book of the Hebrew Bible which formerly included the Book of Nehemiah in a single book, commonly distinguished in scholarship as Ezra–Nehemiah.
Book of Genesis
The Book of Genesis (from Greek; בְּרֵאשִׁית|Bərēʾšīṯ|In beginning; Liber Genesis) is the first book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament.
Book of Habakkuk
The Book of Habakkuk is the eighth book of the 12 minor prophets of the Bible.
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Book of Haggai
The Book of Haggai (Sefer Ḥaggay) is a book of the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh, and is the third-to-last of the Twelve Minor Prophets.
Book of Hosea
The Book of Hosea (סֵפֶר הוֹשֵׁעַ|Sēfer Hōšēaʿ) is collected as one of the twelve minor prophets of the Nevi'im ("Prophets") in the Tanakh, and as a book in its own right in the Christian Old Testament.
Book of Isaiah
The Book of Isaiah (ספר ישעיהו) is the first of the Latter Prophets in the Hebrew Bible and the first of the Major Prophets in the Christian Old Testament.
Book of Jeremiah
The Book of Jeremiah (ספר יִרְמְיָהוּ) is the second of the Latter Prophets in the Hebrew Bible, and the second of the Prophets in the Christian Old Testament.
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Book of Job
The Book of Job (ʾĪyyōḇ), or simply Job, is a book found in the Ketuvim ("Writings") section of the Hebrew Bible and the first of the Poetic Books in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.
Book of Joel
The Book of Joel is a Jewish prophetic text containing a series of "divine announcements".
Book of Jonah
The Book of Jonah is one of the twelve minor prophets of the Nevi'im ("Prophets") in the Hebrew Bible, and an individual book in the Christian Old Testament.
Book of Joshua
The Book of Joshua (סֵפֶר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, Tiberian: Sēp̄er Yŏhōšūaʿ; Ιησούς τουΝαυή; Liber Iosue) is the sixth book in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament, and is the first book of the Deuteronomistic history, the story of Israel from the conquest of Canaan to the Babylonian exile.
Book of Joshua (Samaritan)
The Book of Joshua, sometimes called the Samaritan Chronicle, is a Samaritan chronicle so called because the greater part of it is devoted to the history of Joshua.
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Book of Jubilees
The Book of Jubilees is an ancient Jewish apocryphal text of 50 chapters (1341 verses), considered canonical by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, as well as by Beta Israel (Ethiopian Jews).
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Book of Judges
The Book of Judges (Sefer Shoftim; Κριτές; Liber Iudicum) is the seventh book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament.
Book of Judith
The Book of Judith is a deuterocanonical book included in the Septuagint and the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christian Old Testament of the Bible but excluded from the Hebrew canon and assigned by Protestants to the apocrypha.
Book of Kells
The Book of Kells (Codex Cenannensis; Leabhar Cheanannais; Dublin, Trinity College Library, MS A. I., sometimes known as the Book of Columba) is an illuminated manuscript and Celtic Gospel book in Latin, containing the four Gospels of the New Testament together with various prefatory texts and tables.
Book of Lamentations
The Book of Lamentations (אֵיכָה,, from its incipit meaning "how") is a collection of poetic laments for the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BCE.
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Book of Leviticus
The Book of Leviticus (from Λευιτικόν,; וַיִּקְרָא,, 'And He called'; Liber Leviticus) is the third book of the Torah (the Pentateuch) and of the Old Testament, also known as the Third Book of Moses.
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Book of Malachi
The Book of Malachi (Hebrew: מַלְאָכִ֔י) is the last book of the Neviim contained in the Tanakh, canonically the last of the Twelve Minor Prophets.
Book of Micah
The Book of Micah is the sixth of the twelve minor prophets in the Hebrew Bible.
Book of Nahum
The Book of Nahum is the seventh book of the 12 minor prophets of the Hebrew Bible.
Book of Nehemiah
The Book of Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, largely takes the form of a first-person memoir by Nehemiah, a Jew who is a high official at the Persian court, concerning the rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem after the Babylonian exile and the dedication of the city and its people to God's laws (Torah).
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Book of Numbers
The Book of Numbers (from Greek Ἀριθμοί, Arithmoi, lit. 'numbers'; בְּמִדְבַּר, Bəmīḏbar,; Liber Numeri) is the fourth book of the Hebrew Bible and the fourth of five books of the Jewish Torah.
Book of Obadiah
The Book of Obadiah is a book of the Bible whose authorship is attributed to Obadiah.
Book of Proverbs
The Book of Proverbs (מִשְלֵי,; Παροιμίαι; Liber Proverbiorum, "Proverbs (of Solomon)") is a book in the third section (called Ketuvim) of the Hebrew Bible traditionally ascribed to King Solomon and his students later appearing in the Christian Old Testament.
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Book of Revelation
The Book of Revelation or Book of the Apocalypse is the final book of the New Testament (and therefore the final book of the Christian Bible).
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Book of Ruth
The Book of Ruth (מְגִלַּת רוּת, Megillath Ruth, "the Scroll of Ruth", one of the Five Megillot) is included in the third division, or the Writings (Ketuvim), of the Hebrew Bible.
Book of Sirach
The Book of Sirach is an apocryphal Jewish work, originally written in Biblical Hebrew.
Book of Tobit
The Book of Tobit is an apocryphal Jewish work from the 3rd or early 2nd century BCE which describes how God tests the faithful, responds to prayers, and protects the covenant community (i.e., the Israelites).
Book of Wisdom
The Book of Wisdom, or the Wisdom of Solomon, is a book written in Greek and most likely composed in Alexandria, Egypt.
Book of Zechariah
The Book of Zechariah is a Jewish text attributed to Zechariah, a Hebrew prophet of the late 6th century BC.
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Book of Zephaniah
The Book of Zephaniah (צְפַנְיָה, Ṣəfanyā; sometimes Latinized as Sophonias) is the ninth of the Twelve Minor Prophets of the Old Testament and Tanakh, preceded by the Book of Habakkuk and followed by the Book of Haggai.
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Books of Chronicles
The Book of Chronicles (דִּבְרֵי־הַיָּמִים, "words of the days") is a book in the Hebrew Bible, found as two books (1–2 Chronicles) in the Christian Old Testament.
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Books of Kings
The Book of Kings (Sēfer Məlāḵīm) is a book in the Hebrew Bible, found as two books (1–2 Kings) in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.
Books of Samuel
The Book of Samuel (Sefer Shmuel) is a book in the Hebrew Bible, found as two books (1–2 Samuel) in the Old Testament.
Books of the Maccabees
The Books of the Maccabees or the Sefer HaMakabim (the Book of the Maccabees) recount the history of the Maccabees, the leaders of the Jewish rebellion against the Seleucid dynasty.
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Bruce Waltke
Bruce K. Waltke (born August 30, 1930) is an American Reformed evangelical professor of Old Testament and Hebrew.
Bull of Union with the Copts
The Bull of Union with the Copts, also known as Cantate Domino after its incipit, was a bull promulgated by Pope Eugene IV at the Ecumenical Council of Florence on 4 February 1442.
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Byblos
Byblos (Βύβλος), also known as Jebeil, Jbeil or Jubayl (Jubayl, locally Jbeil; 𐤂𐤁𐤋,, probably Gebal), is an ancient city in the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate of Lebanon.
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Byzantine text-type
In the textual criticism of the New Testament, the Byzantine text-type (also called Majority Text, Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, or Syrian Text) is one of the main text types.
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Caesarea Maritima
Caesarea (Kaisáreia; Qēsaryah; Qaysāriyyah), also Caesarea Maritima, Caesarea Palaestinae or Caesarea Stratonis, was an ancient and medieval port city on the coast of the Eastern Mediterranean, and later a small fishing village.
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Caesarean text-type
In textual criticism of the New Testament, Caesarean text-type is the term proposed by certain scholars to denote a consistent pattern of variant readings that is claimed to be apparent in certain Koine Greek manuscripts of the four Gospels, but which is not found in any of the other commonly recognized New Testament text-types (Byzantine, Western and Alexandrian).
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Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
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Canaan
Canaan (Phoenician: 𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍 –; כְּנַעַן –, in pausa כְּנָעַן –; Χανααν –;The current scholarly edition of the Greek Old Testament spells the word without any accents, cf. Septuaginta: id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes.
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Capital punishment
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct.
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Catholic Bible
The term Catholic Bible can be understood in two ways.
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
Catholic epistles
The catholic epistles (also called the general epistles) are seven epistles of the New Testament.
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Catullus
Gaius Valerius Catullus (84 – 54 BC), known as Catullus, was a Latin neoteric poet of the late Roman Republic.
Cengage Group
Cengage Group is an American educational content, technology, and services company for higher education, K–12, professional, and library markets.
Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy
The Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy is a written statement of belief formulated by more than 200 evangelical leaders at a conference convened by the International Council on Biblical Inerrancy and held in Chicago in October 1978.
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Christian denomination
A Christian denomination is a distinct religious body within Christianity that comprises all church congregations of the same kind, identifiable by traits such as a name, particular history, organization, leadership, theological doctrine, worship style and, sometimes, a founder.
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Christian fundamentalism
Christian fundamentalism, also known as fundamental Christianity or fundamentalist Christianity, is a religious movement emphasizing biblical literalism.
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Christian theology
Christian theology is the theology – the systematic study of the divine and religion – of Christian belief and practice.
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Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Christianity in Egypt
Christianity is the second largest religion in Egypt.
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Church Fathers
The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers, Christian Fathers, or Fathers of the Church were ancient and influential Christian theologians and writers who established the intellectual and doctrinal foundations of Christianity.
Cicero
Marcus Tullius Cicero (3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, writer and Academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire.
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Civil rights movement
The civil rights movement was a social movement and campaign from 1954 to 1968 in the United States to abolish legalized racial segregation, discrimination, and disenfranchisement in the country.
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Cloister
A cloister (from Latin, "enclosure") is a covered walk, open gallery, or open arcade running along the walls of buildings and forming a quadrangle or garth.
Code of Hammurabi
The Code of Hammurabi is a Babylonian legal text composed during 1755–1750 BC.
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Codex
The codex (codices) was the historical ancestor of the modern book.
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Collierville, Tennessee
Collierville ("call your ville" or "call yer ville") is a town in Shelby County, Tennessee, United States, and a suburb located in the Memphis metropolitan area.
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Colonialism
Colonialism is the pursuing, establishing and maintaining of control and exploitation of people and of resources by a foreign group.
Commission (art)
In art, a commission is the act of requesting the creation of a piece, often on behalf of another.
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Composition of the Torah
The composition of the Torah (or Pentateuch, the first five books of the Bible— Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy) was a process that involved multiple authors over an extended period of time.
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Confessions (Augustine)
Confessions (Latin: Confessiones) is an autobiographical work by Augustine of Hippo, consisting of 13 books written in Latin between AD 397 and 400.
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Contempt
In colloquial usage, contempt usually refers to either the act of despising, or having a general lack of respect for something.
Coptic language
Coptic (Bohairic Coptic) is a group of closely related Egyptian dialects, representing the most recent developments of the Egyptian language, and historically spoken by the Copts, starting from the third century AD in Roman Egypt.
Council of Florence
The Council of Florence is the seventeenth ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic Church, held between 1431 and 1449.
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Council of Rome
The Council of Rome was a synod which took place in Rome in AD 382, under the leadership of Pope Damasus I, the then-Bishop of Rome.
Council of Trent
The Council of Trent (Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento), now in northern Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church.
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Councils of Carthage
The Councils of Carthage were church synods held during the 3rd, 4th, and 5th centuries in the city of Carthage in Africa.
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Covenant (biblical)
The Hebrew Bible makes reference to a number of covenants (בְּרִיתוֹת) with God (YHWH).
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Criticism of the Bible
Criticism of the Bible refers to a variety of criticisms of the Bible, the collection of religious texts held to be sacred by Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, and other Abrahamic religions.
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Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.
Cuneiform
Cuneiform is a logo-syllabic writing system that was used to write several languages of the Ancient Near East.
Dante Alighieri
Dante Alighieri (– September 14, 1321), most likely baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and widely known and often referred to in English mononymously as Dante, was an Italian poet, writer, and philosopher.
David (Michelangelo)
David is a masterpiece of Italian Renaissance sculpture, created from 1501 to 1504 by Michelangelo.
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David M. Carr
David McLain Carr is Professor of Old Testament at the Union Theological Seminary in New York City.
Davidic line
The Davidic line or House of David is the lineage of the Israelite king David.
Dead Sea Scrolls
The Dead Sea Scrolls, also called the Qumran Caves Scrolls, are a set of ancient Jewish manuscripts from the Second Temple period.
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Democracy
Democracy (from dēmokratía, dēmos 'people' and kratos 'rule') is a system of government in which state power is vested in the people or the general population of a state.
Deuterocanonical books
The deuterocanonical books, meaning "Of, pertaining to, or constituting a second canon," collectively known as the Deuterocanon (DC), are certain books and passages considered to be canonical books of the Old Testament by the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches and the Assyrian Church of the East, but which modern Jews and many Protestants regard as Apocrypha.
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Development of the Hebrew Bible canon
There is no scholarly consensus as to when the canon of the Hebrew Bible (or Tanakh) was fixed.
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Development of the New Testament canon
The canon of the New Testament is the set of books many modern Christians regard as divinely inspired and constituting the New Testament of the Christian Bible.
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Deviance (sociology)
Deviance or the sociology of deviance explores the actions and/or behaviors that violate social norms across formally enacted rules (e.g., crime) as well as informal violations of social norms (e.g., rejecting folkways and mores).
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Didache
The Didache, also known as The Lord's Teaching Through the Twelve Apostles to the Nations (Didachḕ Kyríou dià tō̂n dṓdeka apostólōn toîs éthnesin), is a brief anonymous early Christian treatise (ancient church order) written in Koine Greek, dated by modern scholars to the first or (less commonly) second century AD.
Divine Comedy
The Divine Comedy (Divina Commedia) is an Italian narrative poem by Dante Alighieri, begun 1308 and completed around 1321, shortly before the author's death.
Docetism
In the history of Christianity, docetism (from the δοκεῖν/δόκησις dokeĩn "to seem", dókēsis "apparition, phantom") was the doctrine that the phenomenon of Jesus, his historical and bodily existence, and above all the human form of Jesus, was mere semblance without any true reality.
Douay–Rheims Bible
The Douay–Rheims Bible, also known as the Douay–Rheims Version, Rheims–Douai Bible or Douai Bible, and abbreviated as D–R, DRB, and DRV, is a translation of the Bible from the Latin Vulgate into English made by members of the English College, Douai, in the service of the Catholic Church.
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Early Christianity
Early Christianity, otherwise called the Early Church or Paleo-Christianity, describes the historical era of the Christian religion up to the First Council of Nicaea in 325.
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East–West Schism
The East–West Schism, also known as the Great Schism or the Schism of 1054, is the break of communion between the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches since 1054.
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Eastern Orthodoxy
Eastern Orthodoxy, otherwise known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity or Byzantine Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism.
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Ecclesiastes
Ecclesiastes (Qōheleṯ, Ekklēsiastēs) is one of the Ketuvim ("Writings") of the Hebrew Bible and part of the Wisdom literature of the Christian Old Testament.
Ecumenical council
An ecumenical council, also called general council, is a meeting of bishops and other church authorities to consider and rule on questions of Christian doctrine, administration, discipline, and other matters in which those entitled to vote are convoked from the whole world (oikoumene) and which secures the approbation of the whole Church.
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Emanuel Tov
Emanuel Tov (עמנואל טוב; born Menno Toff, 15 September 1941) is a Dutch–Israeli biblical scholar and linguist, emeritus J. L. Magnes Professor of Bible Studies in the Department of Bible at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
English Standard Version
The English Standard Version (ESV) is a translation of the Bible in contemporary English.
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Enoch
Enoch is a biblical figure and patriarch prior to Noah's flood, and the son of Jared and father of Methuselah.
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Epistle
An epistle is a writing directed or sent to a person or group of people, usually an elegant and formal didactic letter.
Epistle of James
The Epistle of James is a general epistle and one of the 21 epistles (didactic letters) in the New Testament.
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Epistle of Jude
The Epistle of Jude is the penultimate book of the New Testament as well as the Christian Bible.
Epistle to Philemon
The Epistle to Philemon is one of the books of the Christian New Testament.
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Epistle to the Colossians
The Epistle to the Colossians is the twelfth book of the New Testament.
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Epistle to the Ephesians
The Epistle to the Ephesians is the tenth book of the New Testament.
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Epistle to the Galatians
The Epistle to the Galatians is the ninth book of the New Testament.
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Epistle to the Hebrews
The Epistle to the Hebrews (to the Hebrews) is one of the books of the New Testament.
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Epistle to the Philippians
The Epistle to the Philippians is a Pauline epistle of the New Testament of the Christian Bible.
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Epistle to the Romans
The Epistle to the Romans is the sixth book in the New Testament, and the longest of the thirteen Pauline epistles.
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Epistle to Titus
The Epistle to Titus is one of the three pastoral epistles (along with 1 Timothy and 2 Timothy) in the New Testament, historically attributed to Paul the Apostle.
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Epistles of Clement
The Epistles of Clement are two letters ascribed to Clement of Rome (fl. 96).
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Equinox Publishing (Sheffield)
Equinox Publishing Ltd is an independent academic publisher incepted in 2003 by Janet Joyce and based in Sheffield.
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Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
The Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (beta krstyan tawahdo ertra) is one of the Oriental Orthodox Churches with its headquarters in Asmara, Eritrea.
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Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (የኢትዮጵያ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋሕዶ ቤተ ክርስቲያን, Yäityop'ya ortodoks täwahedo bétäkrestyan) is the largest of the Oriental Orthodox Churches.
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Ethnos360
Ethnos360, formerly known as New Tribes Mission (NTM), is an international, theologically evangelical Christian mission organization based in Sanford, Florida, United States.
Eureka Springs, Arkansas
Eureka Springs is a city in Carroll County, Arkansas, United States, and one of two county seats for the county.
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Ezra–Nehemiah
Ezra–Nehemiah (עזרא נחמיה) is a book in the Hebrew Bible found in the Ketuvim section, originally with the Hebrew title of Ezra (עזרא) and called Esdras B (Ἔσδρας Βʹ) in the Septuagint.
F. F. Bruce
Frederick Fyvie Bruce (12 October 1910 – 11 September 1990), usually cited as F. F. Bruce, was Rylands Professor of Biblical Criticism and Exegesis at the University of Manchester from 1959 until 1978 and one of the most influential evangelical scholars of the second half of the twentieth century.
Family Bible (book)
A family Bible is a Bible handed down through a Christian family, with each successive generation recording information about the family's history inside of it.
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First Epistle of John
The First Epistle of John is the first of the Johannine epistles of the New Testament, and the fourth of the catholic epistles.
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First Epistle of Peter
The First Epistle of Peter is a book of the New Testament.
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First Epistle to the Corinthians
The First Epistle to the Corinthians (Α΄ ᾽Επιστολὴ πρὸς Κορινθίους) is one of the Pauline epistles, part of the New Testament of the Christian Bible.
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First Epistle to the Thessalonians
The First Epistle to the Thessalonians is a Pauline epistle of the New Testament of the Christian Bible.
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First Epistle to Timothy
The First Epistle to Timothy is one of three letters in the New Testament of the Bible often grouped together as the pastoral epistles, along with Second Timothy and Titus.
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Freedom of religion
Freedom of religion or religious liberty is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community, in public or private, to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and observance.
See Bible and Freedom of religion
Geʽez
Geez (or; ግዕዝ, and sometimes referred to in scholarly literature as Classical Ethiopic) is an ancient South Semitic language.
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Genesis creation narrative
The Genesis creation narrative is the creation myth of both Judaism and Christianity.
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Geneva Bible
The Geneva Bible is one of the most historically significant translations of the Bible into English, preceding the King James Version by 51 years.
Genocide
Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people, either in whole or in part.
Genre
Genre (kind, sort) is any style or form of communication in any mode (written, spoken, digital, artistic, etc.) with socially agreed-upon conventions developed over time.
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Georgian Orthodox Church
The Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church of Georgia (tr), commonly known as the Georgian Orthodox Church or the Orthodox Church of Georgia, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church in full communion with the other churches of Eastern Orthodoxy.
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God in Christianity
In Christianity, God is the eternal, supreme being who created and preserves all things.
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God in Islam
In Islam, God (Allāh, contraction of ٱلْإِلَٰه, lit.) is seen as the creator and sustainer of the universe, who lives eternally and will eventually resurrect all humans.
Gospel
Gospel (εὐαγγέλιον; evangelium) originally meant the Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was reported.
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Gospel of Barnabas
The Gospel of Barnabas is a non-canonical, pseudepigraphical gospel written in the Late Middle Ages and attributed to the early Christian disciple Barnabas, who (in this work) is one of the apostles of Jesus.
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Gospel of John
The Gospel of John (translit) is the fourth of the New Testament's four canonical gospels.
Gospel of Luke
The Gospel of Luke tells of the origins, birth, ministry, death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus.
Gospel of Mark
The Gospel of Mark is the second of the four canonical gospels and one of the three synoptic Gospels.
Gospel of Matthew
The Gospel of Matthew is the first book of the New Testament of the Bible and one of the three synoptic Gospels.
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Greece
Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe.
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Greek Orthodox Church
Greek Orthodox Church (Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία, Ellinorthódoxi Ekklisía) is a term that can refer to any one of three classes of Christian churches, each associated in some way with Greek Christianity, Levantine Arabic-speaking Christians or more broadly the rite used in the Eastern Roman Empire.
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Gush Emunim
Gush Emunim (גּוּשׁ אֱמוּנִים, lit. "Bloc of the Faithful") was an Israeli ultranationalist Orthodox Jewish right-wing fundamentalist activist movement committed to establishing Jewish settlements in the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and Golan Heights.
Gutenberg Bible
The Gutenberg Bible, also known as the 42-line Bible, the Mazarin Bible or the B42, was the earliest major book printed in Europe using mass-produced metal movable type.
Hadith
Hadith (translit) or Athar (أثر) is a form of Islamic oral tradition containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the prophet Muhammad.
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Halakha
Halakha (translit), also transliterated as halacha, halakhah, and halocho, is the collective body of Jewish religious laws that are derived from the Written and Oral Torah.
Harklean version
The Harklean version, designated by syr, is a Syriac language bible translation by Thomas of Harqel completed in 616 AD at the Enaton in Egypt.
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HarperCollins
HarperCollins Publishers LLC is a British-American publishing company that is considered to be one of the "Big Five" English-language publishers, along with Penguin Random House, Hachette, Macmillan, and Simon & Schuster.
Headline
The headline is the text indicating the content or nature of the article below it, typically by providing a form of brief summary of its contents.
Health system
A health system, health care system or healthcare system is an organization of people, institutions, and resources that delivers health care services to meet the health needs of target populations.
Hebrew abbreviations
Abbreviations are a common part of the Hebrew language, with many organizations, places, people and concepts known by their abbreviations.
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Hebrew Bible
The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. Hebrew), also known in Hebrew as Miqra (Hebrew), is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures, comprising the Torah, the Nevi'im, and the Ketuvim. Bible and Hebrew Bible are Judeo-Christian topics.
Hebrew Bible judges
The judges (sing. šop̄ēṭ, pl. שופטים) whose stories are recounted in the Hebrew Bible, primarily in the Book of Judges, were individuals who served as military leaders of the tribes of Israel in times of crisis, in the period before the monarchy was established.
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Hebrew cantillation
Hebrew cantillation, trope, trop, or te'amim is the manner of chanting ritual readings from the Hebrew Bible in synagogue services.
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Hebrew language
Hebrew (ʿÎbrit) is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family.
Hellenistic Judaism
Hellenistic Judaism was a form of Judaism in classical antiquity that combined Jewish religious tradition with elements of Hellenistic culture.
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Hellenistic period
In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last major Hellenistic kingdom.
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Heresy in Christianity
Heresy in Christianity denotes the formal denial or doubt of a core doctrine of the Christian faith as defined by one or more of the Christian churches.
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Hermeneutics
Hermeneutics is the theory and methodology of interpretation, especially the interpretation of biblical texts, wisdom literature, and philosophical texts.
Hexapla
Hexapla (sixfold), also called Origenis Hexaplorum, is a critical edition of the Hebrew Bible in six versions, four of them translated into Greek, preserved only in fragments.
High church
The term high church refers to beliefs and practices of Christian ecclesiology, liturgy, and theology that emphasize "ritual, priestly authority, sacraments".
History of ancient Israel and Judah
The history of ancient Israel and Judah spans from the early appearance of the Israelites in Canaan's hill country during the late second millennium BCE, to the establishment and subsequent downfall of the two Israelite kingdoms in the mid-first millennium BCE.
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Holy Spirit
In Judaism, the Holy Spirit, otherwise known as the Holy Ghost, is the divine force, quality and influence of God over the universe or his creatures.
Holy Spirit in Christianity
For the majority of Christian denominations, the Holy Spirit, or Holy Ghost, is believed to be the third Person of the Trinity, a triune God manifested as God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit, each being God.
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Holy Spirit in Judaism
In Judaism, the Holy Spirit (רוח הקודש, ruach ha-kodesh) refers to the divine force, quality, and influence of God over the universe or over God's creatures, in given contexts.
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Homer
Homer (Ὅμηρος,; born) was a Greek poet who is credited as the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems that are foundational works of ancient Greek literature.
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Houston
Houston is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas and in the Southern United States.
Houston Christian University
Houston Christian University (HCU), formerly Houston Baptist University (HBU), is a private Baptist university in Houston, Texas.
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Houston Chronicle
The Houston Chronicle is the largest daily newspaper in Houston, Texas, United States.
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Human history
Human history is the development of humankind from prehistory to the present.
Human rights
Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, 13 December 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,.
Illuminated manuscript
An illuminated manuscript is a formally prepared document where the text is decorated with flourishes such as borders and miniature illustrations.
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Incipit
The incipit of a text is the first few words of the text, employed as an identifying label.
Initial
In a written or published work, an initial is a letter at the beginning of a word, a chapter, or a paragraph that is larger than the rest of the text.
International Bible Contest
The International Bible Contest (חידון התנ"ך; Hidon HaTanakh also spelled Chidon HaTanach or Jidon Hatanaj) is a worldwide competition on the Tanakh (Jewish Bible) for middle school and high school Jewish students.
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Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.
Isaac
Isaac is one of the three patriarchs of the Israelites and an important figure in the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
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Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.
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Islamic view of the Bible
The Quran states that several prior writings constitute holy books given by God to the prophets and messengers amongst the Children of Israel, in the same way the Quran was revealed to Muhammad.
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Israel (name)
Israel is a Hebrew-language masculine given name.
Israelites
The Israelites were a group of Semitic-speaking tribes in the ancient Near East who, during the Iron Age, inhabited a part of Canaan.
J. R. R. Tolkien
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (3 January 1892 – 2 September 1973) was an English writer and philologist.
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Jacob
Jacob (Yaʿqūb; Iakṓb), later given the name Israel, is regarded as a patriarch of the Israelites and is an important figure in Abrahamic religions, such as Judaism, Samaritanism, Christianity, and Islam.
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Jeremiah
Jeremiah (–), also called Jeremias or the "weeping prophet", was one of the major prophets of the Hebrew Bible.
Jerome
Jerome (Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος; – 30 September 420), also known as Jerome of Stridon, was an early Christian priest, confessor, theologian, translator, and historian; he is commonly known as Saint Jerome.
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Jesus
Jesus (AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth, and many other names and titles, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader.
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Jesus in Christianity
In Christianity, Jesus is the Son of God as chronicled in the Bible's New Testament, and in most Christian denominations He is held to be God the Son, a prosopon (Person) of the Trinity of God.
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Jewish fundamentalism
Jewish fundamentalism (Hebrew) refers to fundamentalism in the context of Judaism.
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Jews
The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.
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Job (biblical figure)
Job (אִיּוֹב Īyyōv; Ἰώβ Iṓb) is the central figure of the Book of Job in the Bible.
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John Barton (theologian)
John Barton (born 17 June 1948) is a British Anglican priest and biblical scholar.
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John Chrysostom
John Chrysostom (Ἰωάννης ὁ Χρυσόστομος; 14 September 407 AD) was an important Early Church Father who served as Archbishop of Constantinople.
John J. Collins
John J. Collins (born 1946, County Tipperary) is an Irish-born American biblical scholar, the Holmes Professor of Old Testament Criticism and Interpretation at Yale Divinity School.
Joseph (Genesis)
Joseph (lit) is an important Hebrew figure in the Bible's Book of Genesis and in the Quran.
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Josephus
Flavius Josephus (Ἰώσηπος,; AD 37 – 100) was a Roman–Jewish historian and military leader.
Judaism
Judaism (יַהֲדוּת|translit.
Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar (12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman.
Just war theory
The just war theory (bellum iustum) is a doctrine, also referred to as a tradition, of military ethics that aims to ensure that a war is morally justifiable through a series of criteria, all of which must be met for a war to be considered just.
Kennicott Bible
The Kennicott Bible (Biblia Kennicott or Biblia de Kennicott), also known as the First Kennicott Bible, is an illuminated manuscript copy of the Hebrew Bible, copied in the city of A Coruña in 1476 by the calligrapher and illuminated by Joseph ibn Hayyim.
Ketuvim
The (כְּתוּבִים, Modern: Ktuvim, Tiberian: Kăṯūḇīm "writings") is the third and final section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), after ("instruction") and ("prophets").
King James Only movement
The King James Only movement (also known as King James Onlyism or KJV Onlyism) asserts the belief that the King James Version (KJV) of the Bible is superior to all other translations of the Bible.
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King James Version
on the title-page of the first edition and in the entries in works like the "Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church", etc.--> The King James Version (KJV), also the King James Bible (KJB) and the Authorized Version (AV), is an Early Modern English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, which was commissioned in 1604 and published in 1611, by sponsorship of King James VI and I.
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Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)
The Kingdom of Israel, or the Kingdom of Samaria, was an Israelite kingdom in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age, whose beginnings can be dated back to the first half of the 10th century BCE.
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Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)
According to the Deuteronomistic history in the Hebrew Bible, a United Monarchy or United Kingdom of Israel existed under the reigns of Saul, Eshbaal, David, and Solomon, encompassing the territories of both the later kingdoms of Judah and Israel.
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Kingdom of Judah
The Kingdom of Judah was an Israelite kingdom of the Southern Levant during the Iron Age.
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Kings of Judah
The Kings of Judah were the monarchs who ruled over the ancient Kingdom of Judah, which was formed in about 930 BC, according to the Hebrew Bible, when the United Kingdom of Israel split, with the people of the northern Kingdom of Israel rejecting Rehoboam as their monarch, leaving him as solely the King of Judah.
Koine Greek
Koine Greek (Koine the common dialect), also known as Hellenistic Greek, common Attic, the Alexandrian dialect, Biblical Greek, Septuagint Greek or New Testament Greek, was the common supra-regional form of Greek spoken and written during the Hellenistic period, the Roman Empire and the early Byzantine Empire.
KSNF
KSNF (channel 16) is a television station licensed to Joplin, Missouri, United States, serving the Joplin, Missouri–Pittsburg, Kansas television market as an affiliate of NBC.
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Lamin Sanneh
Lamin Sanneh (May 24, 1942 – January 6, 2019) was the D. Willis James Professor of Missions and World Christianity at Yale Divinity School and Professor of History at Yale University.
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Latin Church
The Latin Church (Ecclesia Latina) is the largest autonomous (sui iuris) particular church within the Catholic Church, whose members constitute the vast majority of the 1.3 billion Catholics.
Latter Day Saint movement
The Latter Day Saint movement (also called the LDS movement, LDS restorationist movement, or Smith–Rigdon movement) is the collection of independent church groups that trace their origins to a Christian Restorationist movement founded by Joseph Smith in the late 1820s.
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Leningrad Codex
The Leningrad Codex (Codex Leningradensis [Leningrad Book; כתב יד לנינגרד.) is the oldest known complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible in Hebrew, using the Masoretic Text and Tiberian vocalization.
Leonard Glick
Leonard Glick (December 31, 1929 ~ January 9, 2024) was an American anthropologist, historian of ideas, and author.
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 14522 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect.
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Lester L. Grabbe
Lester L. Grabbe (born November 5, 1945) is an American-born scholar of Jewish history and the Hebrew Bible.
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Letter of Aristeas
The Letter of Aristeas to Philocrates is a Hellenistic work of the 3rd or early 2nd century BC, considered by some Biblical scholars to be pseudepigraphical.
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Letter of Jeremiah
The Letter of Jeremiah, also known as the Epistle of Jeremiah, is a deuterocanonical book of the Old Testament; this letter is attributed to Jeremiah and addressed to the Jews who were about to be carried away as captives to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar.
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Liberation theology
Liberation theology is a theological approach emphasizing the "liberation of the oppressed".
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Life of Adam and Eve
The Life of Adam and Eve, also known in its Greek version as the Apocalypse of Moses (ספר אדם וחוה), is a Jewish apocryphal group of writings.
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Lincoln Bible
The Lincoln Bible is a Bible that was owned by William Thomas Carroll, a clerk of the U.S. Supreme Court.
Lingua franca
A lingua franca (for plurals see), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups of people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both of the speakers' native languages.
List of major biblical figures
The Bible is a collection of canonical sacred texts of Judaism and Christianity.
See Bible and List of major biblical figures
List of nations mentioned in the Bible
A list of nations mentioned in the Bible.
See Bible and List of nations mentioned in the Bible
List of New Testament verses not included in modern English translations
New Testament verses not included in modern English translations are verses of the New Testament that exist in older English translations (primarily the New King James Version), but do not appear or have been relegated to footnotes in later versions.
See Bible and List of New Testament verses not included in modern English translations
Lutheranism
Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestantism that identifies primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practices of the Catholic Church ended the Middle Ages and, in 1517, launched the Reformation.
Madrasa
Madrasa (also,; Arabic: مدرسة, pl. مدارس), sometimes transliterated as madrasah or madrassa, is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, secular or religious (of any religion), whether for elementary education or higher learning.
Marcion of Sinope
Marcion of Sinope (Μαρκίων Σινώπης) was a theologian in early Christianity. Marcion preached that God had sent Jesus Christ, who was distinct from the "vengeful" God (Demiurge) who had created the world. He considered himself a follower of Paul the Apostle, whom he believed to have been the only true apostle of Jesus Christ; his doctrine is called Marcionism.
See Bible and Marcion of Sinope
Marginalia
Marginalia (or apostils) are marks made in the margins of a book or other document.
Martin Luther
Martin Luther (10 November 1483– 18 February 1546) was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and Augustinian friar.
Mary, mother of Jesus
Mary was a first-century Jewish woman of Nazareth, the wife of Joseph and the mother of Jesus.
See Bible and Mary, mother of Jesus
Masoretes
The Masoretes (Baʿălēy Hammāsōrā, lit. 'Masters of the Tradition') were groups of Jewish scribe-scholars who worked from around the end of the 5th through 10th centuries CE, based primarily in the Jewish centers of the Levant (e.g. Tiberias and Jerusalem) and Mesopotamia (e.g. Sura and Nehardea).
Masoretic Text
The Masoretic Text (MT or 𝕸; Nūssāḥ hamMāsōrā, lit. 'Text of the Tradition') is the authoritative Hebrew and Aramaic text of the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) in Rabbinic Judaism.
McGraw Hill Education
McGraw Hill is an American publishing company for educational content, software, and services for pre-K through postgraduate education.
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Medieval Greek
Medieval Greek (also known as Middle Greek, Byzantine Greek, or Romaic) is the stage of the Greek language between the end of classical antiquity in the 5th–6th centuries and the end of the Middle Ages, conventionally dated to the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453.
Medieval Latin
Medieval Latin was the form of Literary Latin used in Roman Catholic Western Europe during the Middle Ages.
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.
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Meqabyan
Meqabyan (Mek'abiyan, also transliterated as or), also referred to as Ethiopian Maccabees and Ethiopic Maccabees, are three books found only in the Ethiopian Orthodox Old Testament Biblical canon.
Methodism
Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a Protestant Christian tradition whose origins, doctrine and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley.
Michael V. Fox
Michael V. Fox (born 1940) is an American biblical scholar.
Michael Walzer
Michael Laban Walzer (born March 3, 1935) is an American political theorist and public intellectual.
Michal
Michal (מיכל; Μιχάλ) was, according to the first Book of Samuel, a princess of the United Kingdom of Israel; the younger daughter of King Saul, she was the first wife of David, who later became king, first of Judah, then of all Israel.
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Miniature (illuminated manuscript)
A miniature (from the Latin verb miniare, "to colour with minium", a red lead) is a small illustration used to decorate an ancient or medieval illuminated manuscript; the simple illustrations of the early codices having been miniated or delineated with that pigment.
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Monastery
A monastery is a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in communities or alone (hermits).
Monk
A monk (from μοναχός, monachos, "single, solitary" via Latin monachus) is a man who is a member of a religious order and lives in a monastery.
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Monroe, Louisiana
Monroe is the eighth-largest city in the U.S. state of Louisiana, and parish seat of Ouachita Parish.
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Moravian Church
The Moravian Church, or the Moravian Brethren (Moravská církev or Moravští bratři), formally the Unitas Fratrum (Latin: "Unity of the Brethren"), is one of the oldest Protestant denominations in Christianity, dating back to the Bohemian Reformation of the 15th century and the Unity of the Brethren (Jednota bratrská) founded in the Kingdom of Bohemia, sixty years before Martin Luther's Reformation.
Mosaic authorship
Mosaic authorship is the Judeo-Christian tradition that the Torah, the first five books of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, were dictated by God to Moses.
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Moses
Moses; Mōše; also known as Moshe or Moshe Rabbeinu (Mishnaic Hebrew: מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ); Mūše; Mūsā; Mōÿsēs was a Hebrew prophet, teacher and leader, according to Abrahamic tradition.
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Mount Sinai (Bible)
Mount Sinai (Har Sīnay) is the mountain at which the Ten Commandments were given to Moses by God, according to the Book of Exodus in the Hebrew Bible.
See Bible and Mount Sinai (Bible)
Movable type
Movable type (US English; moveable type in British English) is the system and technology of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual alphanumeric characters or punctuation marks) usually on the medium of paper.
Muhammad
Muhammad (570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam.
Museum of the Bible
The Museum of the Bible is a museum in Washington D.C., owned by Museum of the Bible, Inc., a non-profit organization established in 2010 by the Green family.
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N. T. Wright
Nicholas Thomas Wright (born 1 December 1948), known as N. T.
Neo-Assyrian Empire
The Neo-Assyrian Empire was the fourth and penultimate stage of ancient Assyrian history.
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Neo-Babylonian Empire
The Neo-Babylonian Empire or Second Babylonian Empire, historically known as the Chaldean Empire, was the last polity ruled by monarchs native to Mesopotamia until Faisal II in the 20th century.
See Bible and Neo-Babylonian Empire
Nevi'im
The (נְבִיאִים Nəvīʾīm, Tiberian: Năḇīʾīm 'Prophets') is the second major division of the Hebrew Bible (the Tanakh), lying between the and.
New American Bible
The New American Bible (NAB) is an English translation of the Bible first published in 1970.
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New Covenant
The New Covenant (diathḗkē kainḗ) is a biblical interpretation which was originally derived from a phrase which is contained in the Book of Jeremiah (Jeremiah 31:31–34), in the Hebrew Bible (or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible).
New International Version
The New International Version (NIV) is a translation of the Bible into contemporary English.
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New King James Version
The New King James Version (NKJV) is a translation of the Bible in contemporary English.
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New Revised Standard Version
The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) is a translation of the Bible in contemporary English.
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New Testament
The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon.
Niqqud
In Hebrew orthography, niqqud or nikud is a system of diacritical signs used to represent vowels or distinguish between alternative pronunciations of letters of the Hebrew alphabet.
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Noah
Noah appears as the last of the Antediluvian patriarchs in the traditions of Abrahamic religions.
See Bible and Noah
Nonresistance
Nonresistance (or non-resistance) is "the practice or principle of not resisting authority, even when it is unjustly exercised".
Norman Geisler
Norman Leo Geisler (July 21, 1932 – July 1, 2019) was an American Christian systematic theologian, philosopher, and apologist.
Nur Masalha
Nur ad-Din Masalha (translit; born 4 January 1957) commonly known in English as Nur Masalha is a Palestinian writer, historian, and academic.
Old Church Slavonic
Old Church Slavonic or Old Slavonic is the first Slavic literary language.
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Old Latin
Old Latin, also known as Early, Archaic or Priscan Latin (Classical lit), was the Latin language in the period roughly before 75 BC, i.e. before the age of Classical Latin.
Old Testament
The Old Testament (OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew and occasionally Aramaic writings by the Israelites.
Oral tradition
Oral tradition, or oral lore, is a form of human communication in which knowledge, art, ideas and culture are received, preserved, and transmitted orally from one generation to another.
Oriental Orthodox Churches
The Oriental Orthodox Churches are Eastern Christian churches adhering to Miaphysite Christology, with approximately 50 million members worldwide.
See Bible and Oriental Orthodox Churches
Origen
Origen of Alexandria (185 – 253), also known as Origen Adamantius, was an early Christian scholar, ascetic, and theologian who was born and spent the first half of his career in Alexandria.
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Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon
The Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon is a version of the Christian Bible used in the two Oriental Orthodox Churches of the Ethiopian and Eritrean traditions: the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church.
See Bible and Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon
Orthodoxy
Orthodoxy (from Greek) is adherence to correct or accepted creeds, especially in religion.
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
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Pacifism
Pacifism is the opposition or resistance to war, militarism (including conscription and mandatory military service) or violence.
Paleo-Hebrew alphabet
The Paleo-Hebrew script (הכתב העברי הקדום), also Palaeo-Hebrew, Proto-Hebrew or Old Hebrew, is the writing system found in Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions, including pre-Biblical and Biblical Hebrew, from southern Canaan, also known as the biblical kingdoms of Israel (Samaria) and Judah.
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Palestinians
Palestinians (al-Filasṭīniyyūn) or Palestinian people (label), also referred to as Palestinian Arabs (label), are an Arab ethnonational group native to Palestine.
Papyrus
Papyrus is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface.
Passover
Passover, also called Pesach, is a major Jewish holidayand one of the Three Pilgrimage Festivals.
Pastoral epistles
The pastoral epistles are a group of three books of the canonical New Testament: the First Epistle to Timothy (1 Timothy), the Second Epistle to Timothy (2 Timothy), and the Epistle to Titus.
See Bible and Pastoral epistles
Patriarchs (Bible)
The patriarchs (אבות ʾAvot, "fathers") of the Bible, when narrowly defined, are Abraham, his son Isaac, and Isaac's son Jacob, also named Israel, the ancestor of the Israelites.
See Bible and Patriarchs (Bible)
Patriarchy
Patriarchy is a social system in which positions of dominance and privilege are held by men.
Pauline epistles
The Pauline epistles, also known as Epistles of Paul or Letters of Paul, are the thirteen books of the New Testament attributed to Paul the Apostle, although the authorship of some is in dispute.
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Phoenicia
Phoenicia, or Phœnicia, was an ancient Semitic thalassocratic civilization originating in the coastal strip of the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily located in modern Lebanon.
Phyllis Trible
Phyllis Trible (born October 25, 1932) is a feminist biblical scholar from Richmond, Virginia, United States.
Pietà
The Pietà (meaning "pity", "compassion") is a subject in Christian art depicting the Blessed Virgin Mary cradling the dead body of Jesus Christ after his Descent from the Cross.
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Plato
Plato (Greek: Πλάτων), born Aristocles (Ἀριστοκλῆς; – 348 BC), was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms.
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Pope Damasus I
Pope Damasus I (c. 305 – 11 December 384), also known as Damasus of Rome, was the bishop of Rome from October 366 to his death.
Pope Sixtus V
Pope Sixtus V (Sisto V; 13 December 1521 – 27 August 1590), born Felice Piergentile, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 24 April 1585 to his death, in August 1590.
Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children
The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children, abbreviated Pr Azar, is a passage which appears after Daniel 3:23 in some translations of the Bible, including the ancient Greek Septuagint translation.
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Prayer of Manasseh
The Prayer of Manasseh is a short, penitential prayer attributed to king Manasseh of Judah.
See Bible and Prayer of Manasseh
Preventive war
A preventive war is an armed conflict "initiated in the belief that military conflict, while not imminent, is inevitable, and that to delay would involve greater risk." The party which is being attacked has a latent threat capability or it has shown that it intends to attack in the future, based on its past actions and posturing.
Prima scriptura
Prima scriptura is the Christian doctrine that canonized scripture is "first" or "above all other" sources of divine revelation.
Principate
The Principate was the form of imperial government of the Roman Empire from the beginning of the reign of Augustus in 27 BC to the end of the Crisis of the Third Century in AD 284, after which it evolved into the Dominate.
Promised Land
The Promised Land (הארץ המובטחת, translit.: ha'aretz hamuvtakhat; أرض الميعاد, translit.: ard al-mi'ad) is Middle Eastern land in the Levant that Abrahamic religions (which include Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and others) claim God promised and subsequently gave to Abraham (the legendary patriarch in Abrahamic religions) and several more times to his descendants.
Prophecy
In religion, a prophecy is a message that has been communicated to a person (typically called a prophet) by a supernatural entity.
Prophets and messengers in Islam
Prophets in Islam (translit) are individuals in Islam who are believed to spread God's message on Earth and serve as models of ideal human behaviour.
See Bible and Prophets and messengers in Islam
Protestantism
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.
Psalm 151
Psalm 151 is a short psalm found in most copies of the Septuagint (LXX), but not in the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible.
Psalms
The Book of Psalms (תְּהִלִּים|Tehillīm|praises; Psalmós; Liber Psalmorum; Zabūr), also known as the Psalms, or the Psalter, is the first book of the third section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) called ("Writings"), and a book of the Old Testament.
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Psalms 152–155
Psalms 152 to 155 are additional Psalms found in two Syriac biblical manuscripts to date and several manuscripts of 's "Book of Discipline", first identified by the orientalist librarian Giuseppe Simone Assemani in 1759.
Psalms of Solomon
One of the apocryphal books, the Psalms of Solomon is a group of eighteen psalms (religious songs or poems) written in the first or second centuries BC that are not part of any current scriptural canon (they are, however, found in copies of the Peshitta and the Septuagint).
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Psalter
A psalter is a volume containing the Book of Psalms, often with other devotional material bound in as well, such as a liturgical calendar and litany of the Saints.
Ptolemy II Philadelphus
Ptolemy II Philadelphus (Ptolemaîos Philádelphos, "Ptolemy, sibling-lover"; 309 – 28 January 246 BC) was the pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt from 284 to 246 BC.
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Purim
Purim (see Name below) is a Jewish holiday that commemorates the saving of the Jewish people from annihilation at the hands of an official of the Achaemenid Empire named Haman, as it is recounted in the Book of Esther (usually dated to the 5th century BCE).
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Qumran
Qumran (קומראן; خربة قمران) is an archaeological site in the West Bank managed by Israel's Qumran National Park.
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Quran
The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allah).
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Rabbi
A rabbi (רַבִּי|translit.
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Rabbinic Judaism
Rabbinic Judaism (יהדות רבנית|Yahadut Rabanit), also called Rabbinism, Rabbinicism, or Rabbanite Judaism, has been the mainstream form of Judaism since the 6th century CE, after the codification of the Babylonian Talmud.
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Rastafari
Rastafari, sometimes called Rastafarianism, is an Abrahamic religion that developed in Jamaica during the 1930s.
Reformation
The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation and the European Reformation, was a major theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church.
Reformed Christianity
Reformed Christianity, also called Calvinism, is a major branch of Protestantism that began during the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation, a schism in the Western Church.
See Bible and Reformed Christianity
Religious text
Religious texts, including scripture, are texts which various religions consider to be of central importance to their religious tradition.
Religious tolerance
Religious tolerance or religious toleration may signify "no more than forbearance and the permission given by the adherents of a dominant religion for other religions to exist, even though the latter are looked on with disapproval as inferior, mistaken, or harmful".
See Bible and Religious tolerance
Renaissance
The Renaissance is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries.
Revelation
In religion and theology, revelation (or divine revelation) is the disclosing of some form of truth or knowledge through communication with a deity (god) or other supernatural entity or entities.
Revised Common Lectionary
The Revised Common Lectionary (RCL) is a lectionary of readings or pericopes from the Bible for use in Christian worship, making provision for the liturgical year with its pattern of observances of festivals and seasons.
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Revised Standard Version
The Revised Standard Version (RSV) is an English translation of the Bible published in 1952 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA.
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Revised Version
The Revised Version (RV) or English Revised Version (ERV) of the Bible is a late-19th-century British revision of the King James Version.
Roger Bacon
Roger Bacon (Rogerus or Rogerius Baconus, Baconis, also Rogerus), also known by the scholastic accolade Doctor Mirabilis, was a medieval English philosopher and Franciscan friar who placed considerable emphasis on the study of nature through empiricism.
Rubrication
Rubrication is the addition of text in red ink to a manuscript for emphasis.
Sacred language
A sacred language, holy language or liturgical language is a language that is cultivated and used primarily for religious reasons (like Mosque service) by people who speak another, primary language (like Persian, Urdu, Pashtu, Balochi, Sindhi etc.) in their daily lives.
Sacred tradition
Sacred tradition, also called holy tradition or apostolic tradition, is a theological term used in Christian theology.
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Sacredness
Sacred describes something that is dedicated or set apart for the service or worship of a deity; is considered worthy of spiritual respect or devotion; or inspires awe or reverence among believers.
Samaritan Pentateuch
The Samaritan Pentateuch, also called the Samaritan Torah (Samaritan Hebrew: ࠕࠦࠅࠓࠡࠄ), is the sacred scripture of the Samaritans.
See Bible and Samaritan Pentateuch
Samaritanism
Samaritanism is an Abrahamic monotheistic ethnic religion.
Samaritans
The Samaritans (שומרונים; السامريون), often prefering to be called Israelite Samaritans, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Hebrews and Israelites of the ancient Near East.
Scotland
Scotland (Scots: Scotland; Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
Scriptorium
A scriptorium was a writing room in medieval European monasteries for the copying and illuminating of manuscripts by scribes.
Scroll
A scroll (from the Old French escroe or escroue), also known as a roll, is a roll of papyrus, parchment, or paper containing writing.
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Second Epistle of John
The Second Epistle of John is a book of the New Testament attributed to John the Evangelist, traditionally thought to be the author of the other two epistles of John, and the Gospel of John (though this is disputed).
See Bible and Second Epistle of John
Second Epistle of Peter
2 Peter, also known as the Second Epistle of Peter and abbreviated as 2 Pet., is an epistle of the New Testament written in Koine Greek.
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Second Epistle to the Corinthians
The Second Epistle to the Corinthians is a Pauline epistle of the New Testament of the Christian Bible.
See Bible and Second Epistle to the Corinthians
Second Epistle to the Thessalonians
The Second Epistle to the Thessalonians is a book from the New Testament of the Christian Bible.
See Bible and Second Epistle to the Thessalonians
Second Epistle to Timothy
The Second Epistle to Timothy is one of the three pastoral epistles traditionally attributed to Paul the Apostle.
See Bible and Second Epistle to Timothy
Second Temple
The Second Temple was the reconstructed Temple in Jerusalem, in use between and its destruction in 70 CE.
Second Temple Judaism
Second Temple Judaism is the Jewish religion as it developed during the Second Temple period, which began with the construction of the Second Temple around 516 BCE and ended with the Roman siege of Jerusalem in 70CE.
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Second Temple period
The Second Temple period or post-exilic period in Jewish history denotes the approximately 600 years (516 BCE – 70 CE) during which the Second Temple stood in the city of Jerusalem.
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Septuagint
The Septuagint, sometimes referred to as the Greek Old Testament or The Translation of the Seventy (Hē metáphrasis tôn Hebdomḗkonta), and often abbreviated as LXX, is the earliest extant Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible from the original Hebrew.
Shavuot
Shavuot (from Weeks), or Shvues (in some Ashkenazi usage), is a Jewish holiday, one of the biblically ordained Three Pilgrimage Festivals.
Shlomo Aviner
Shlomo Chaim Hacohen Aviner (born 1943/5703 as Claude Langenauer) is an Israeli Orthodox rabbi.
Sibylline Oracles
The Sibylline Oracles (Oracula Sibyllina; sometimes called the pseudo-Sibylline Oracles) are a collection of oracular utterances written in Greek hexameters ascribed to the Sibyls, prophetesses who uttered divine revelations in a frenzied state.
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Slavery
Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour.
Social reproduction
Social reproduction describes the reproduction of social structures and systems, mainly on the basis of particular preconditions in demographics, education and inheritance of material property or legal titles (as earlier with aristocracy).
See Bible and Social reproduction
Social stigma
Social stigma is the disapproval of, or discrimination against, an individual or group based on perceived characteristics that serve to distinguish them from other members of a society.
Sola scriptura
Sola scriptura (Latin for 'by scripture alone') is a Christian theological doctrine held by most Protestant Christian denominations, in particular the Lutheran and Reformed traditions, that posits the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.
Solomon's Temple
Solomon's Temple, also known as the First Temple, was a biblical Temple in Jerusalem believed to have existed between the 10th and 6th centuries BCE.
See Bible and Solomon's Temple
Song of Songs
The Song of Songs (שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים|translit.
Sophocles
Sophocles (497/496 – winter 406/405 BC)Sommerstein (2002), p. 41.
St Arnaud, Victoria
St Arnaud is a town in the Wimmera region of Victoria, Australia, 244 kilometres north west of the capital Melbourne.
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Standard works
The Standard Works of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church, the largest in the Latter Day Saint movement) are the four books that currently constitute its open scriptural canon.
Stanley E. Porter
Stanley E. Porter (born November 23, 1956) is an American-Canadian academic and New Testament scholar, specializing in the Koine Greek grammar and linguistics of the New Testament.
See Bible and Stanley E. Porter
Sukkot
Sukkot is a Torah-commanded holiday celebrated for seven days, beginning on the 15th day of the month of Tishrei.
See Bible and Sukkot
Summa Theologica
The Summa Theologiae or Summa Theologica, often referred to simply as the Summa, is the best-known work of Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), a scholastic theologian and Doctor of the Church.
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Supersessionism
Supersessionism, also called replacement theology, is the Christian doctrine that the Christian Church has superseded the Jewish people, assuming their role as God's covenanted people, thus asserting that the New Covenant through Jesus Christ has superseded or replaced the Mosaic covenant.
Susanna (Book of Daniel)
Susanna ("lily"), also called Susanna and the Elders, is a narrative included in the Book of Daniel (as chapter 13) by the Catholic Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches and Eastern Orthodox Churches.
See Bible and Susanna (Book of Daniel)
Synod
A synod is a council of a Christian denomination, usually convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application.
See Bible and Synod
Synod of Hippo
The Synod of Hippo refers to the synod of 393 which was hosted in Hippo Regius in northern Africa during the early Christian Church.
Synoptic Gospels
The gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are referred to as the synoptic Gospels because they include many of the same stories, often in a similar sequence and in similar or sometimes identical wording.
See Bible and Synoptic Gospels
Syriac Christianity
Syriac Christianity (ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ / Mšiḥoyuṯo Suryoyto or Mšiḥāyūṯā Suryāytā) is a branch of Eastern Christianity of which formative theological writings and traditional liturgies are expressed in the Classical Syriac language, a variation of the old Aramaic language.
See Bible and Syriac Christianity
Syriac language
The Syriac language (Leššānā Suryāyā), also known natively in its spoken form in early Syriac literature as Edessan (Urhāyā), the Mesopotamian language (Nahrāyā) and Aramaic (Aramāyā), is an Eastern Middle Aramaic dialect. Classical Syriac is the academic term used to refer to the dialect's literary usage and standardization, distinguishing it from other Aramaic dialects also known as 'Syriac' or 'Syrian'.
Syriac Orthodox Church
The Syriac Orthodox Church (ʿIdto Sūryoyto Trīṣath Shubḥo); also known as West Syriac Church or West Syrian Church, officially known as the Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East, and informally as the Jacobite Church, is an Oriental Orthodox church that branched from the Church of Antioch.
See Bible and Syriac Orthodox Church
Syriac versions of the Bible
Syriac is a dialect of Aramaic.
See Bible and Syriac versions of the Bible
Tahrif
(تحريف) is a term used by most Muslims to refer to believed alterations made to the previous revelations of God—specifically those that make up the Tawrat, the Zabur or Psalms, and the Injil.
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Talmud
The Talmud (תַּלְמוּד|Talmūḏ|teaching) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (halakha) and Jewish theology.
See Bible and Talmud
Targum
A targum (תרגום 'interpretation, translation, version') was an originally spoken translation of the Hebrew Bible (also called the Tanakh) that a professional translator (מְתוּרגְמָן mǝturgǝmān) would give in the common language of the listeners when that was not Biblical Hebrew.
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Targum Onkelos
Numbers 6.3–10 with Aramaic Targum Onkelos from the British Library. Targum Onkelos (or Onqelos; תַּרְגּוּם אֻנְקְלוֹס, Targūm ’Unqəlōs) is the primary Jewish Aramaic targum ("translation") of the Torah, accepted as an authoritative translated text of the Five Books of Moses and thought to have been written in the early second century CE.
Tel Dan stele
The Tel Dan Stele is a fragmentary stele containing an Aramaic inscription which dates to the 9th century BCE.
Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs is a constituent of the apocryphal scriptures connected with the Bible.
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Texas
Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the most populous state in the South Central region of the United States.
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Textual variants in the New Testament
Textual variants in the New Testament manuscripts arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to the text that is being reproduced.
See Bible and Textual variants in the New Testament
The Exodus
The Exodus (Hebrew: יציאת מצרים, Yəṣīʾat Mīṣrayīm) is the founding myth of the Israelites whose narrative is spread over four of the five books of the Pentateuch (specifically, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy).
The Herald and Weekly Times
The Herald and Weekly Times Pty Ltd (HWT) is a newspaper publishing company based in Melbourne, Australia.
See Bible and The Herald and Weekly Times
The Last Supper (Leonardo)
The Last Supper (Il Cenacolo or L'Ultima Cena) is a mural painting by the Italian High Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci, dated to, housed in the refectory of the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Italy.
See Bible and The Last Supper (Leonardo)
Theodicy and the Bible
Relating theodicy and the Bible is crucial to understanding Abrahamic theodicy because the Bible "has been, both in theory and in fact, the dominant influence upon ideas about God and evil in the Western world".
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Theodor Zahn
Theodor Zahn or Theodor von Zahn (10 October 1838 in Moers – 5 March 1933 in Erlangen) was a German Protestant theologian, a biblical scholar.
Theodotion
Theodotion (Θεοδοτίων, gen.: Θεοδοτίωνος; died c. 200) was a Hellenistic Jewish scholar, perhaps working in Ephesus, who in c. A.D. 150 translated the Hebrew Bible into Greek.
Third Epistle of John
The Third Epistle of John is the third-to-last book of the New Testament and the Christian Bible as a whole, and attributed to John the Evangelist, traditionally thought to be the author of the Gospel of John and the other two epistles of John.
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Third Epistle to the Corinthians
The Third Epistle to the Corinthians is an early Christian text written by an unknown author claiming to be Paul the Apostle.
See Bible and Third Epistle to the Corinthians
Thomas of Harqel
Thomas of Harqel was a miaphysite bishop from the early 7th century.
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Thucydides
Thucydides (Θουκυδίδης||; BC) was an Athenian historian and general.
Tisha B'Av
Tisha B'Av (תִּשְׁעָה בְּאָב) is an annual fast day in Judaism, on which a number of disasters in Jewish history occurred, primarily the destruction of both Solomon's Temple by the Neo-Babylonian Empire and the Second Temple by the Roman Empire in Jerusalem.
Toledo School of Translators
The Toledo School of Translators (Escuela de Traductores de Toledo) is the group of scholars who worked together in the city of Toledo during the 12th and 13th centuries, to translate many of the Islamic philosophy and scientific works from Classical Arabic into Medieval Latin.
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Torah
The Torah (תּוֹרָה, "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy.
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Total war
Total war is a type of warfare that includes any and all (including civilian-associated) resources and infrastructure as legitimate military targets, mobilises all of the resources of society to fight the war, and gives priority to warfare over non-combatant needs.
Translation
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text.
Twelve Minor Prophets
The Minor Prophets or Twelve Prophets (שנים עשר, Shneim Asar; תרי עשר, Trei Asar, "Twelve") (δωδεκαπρόφητον., "the Twelve Prophets"), occasionally Book of the Twelve, is a collection of prophetic books, written between about the 8th and 4th centuries BCE, which are in both the Jewish Tanakh and Christian Old Testament.
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Tyndale Bible
The Tyndale Bible (TYN) generally refers to the body of biblical translations by William Tyndale into Early Modern English, made.
Typology (theology)
Typology in Christian theology and biblical exegesis is a doctrine or theory concerning the relationship of the Old Testament to the New Testament.
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Unification Church
The Unification Church is a new religious movement derived from Christianity, whose members are called Unificationists or sometimes informally Moonies.
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Unitarian Universalism
Unitarian Universalism (otherwise referred to as UUism or UU) is a liberal religious movement characterized by a "free and responsible search for truth and meaning".
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University of Glasgow
The University of Glasgow (abbreviated as Glas. in post-nominals) is a public research university in Glasgow, Scotland.
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Ur of the Chaldees
Ur Kasdim (ʾŪr Kaśdīm), commonly translated as Ur of the Chaldeans, is a city mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as the birthplace of Abraham, the patriarch of the Israelites and the Ishmaelites.
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Vetus Latina
Vetus Latina ("Old Latin" in Latin), also known as Vetus Itala ("Old Italian"), Itala ("Italian") and Old Italic, and denoted by the siglum \mathfrak, is the collective name given to the Latin translations of biblical texts (both Old Testament and New Testament) that preceded the Vulgate (the Latin translation produced by Jerome in the late 4th century).
Victorian era
In the history of the United Kingdom and the British Empire, the Victorian era was the reign of Queen Victoria, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901.
Vienna
Vienna (Wien; Austro-Bavarian) is the capital, most populous city, and one of nine federal states of Austria.
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Vienna Coronation Gospels
The Vienna Coronation Gospels, also known simply as the Coronation Gospels, is a late 8th century illuminated gospel book produced at the court of Charlemagne in Aachen.
See Bible and Vienna Coronation Gospels
Violence
Violence is the use of physical force to cause harm to people, or non-human life, such as pain, injury, death, damage, or destruction.
Vulgar Latin
Vulgar Latin, also known as Popular or Colloquial Latin, is the range of non-formal registers of Latin spoken from the Late Roman Republic onward.
Vulgate
The Vulgate is a late-4th-century Latin translation of the Bible.
Wars of Alexander the Great
The wars of Alexander the Great (Greek: Πόλεμοι τουΜεγάλουΑλεξάνδρου) were a series of conquests that were carried out by Alexander III of Macedon from 336 BC to 323 BC.
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Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States.
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Western culture
Western culture, also known as Western civilization, European civilization, Occidental culture, or Western society, includes the diverse heritages of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems, artifacts and technologies of the Western world.
Western law
Western law comprises the legal traditions of Western culture, with roots in Roman law and canon law.
Western literature
Western literature, also known as European literature, is the literature written in the context of Western culture in the languages of Europe, and is shaped by the periods in which they were conceived, with each period containing prominent western authors, poets, and pieces of literature.
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Western text-type
In textual criticism of the New Testament, the Western text-type is one of the main text types.
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Western world
The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in the regions of Australasia, Western Europe, and Northern America; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West.
Westminster John Knox Press
Westminster John Knox Press is an American publisher of Christian books located in Louisville, Kentucky and is part of Presbyterian Publishing Corporation, the publishing arm of the Louisville, Kentucky-based Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Their publishing focus is on books in "theology, biblical studies, preaching, worship, ethics, religion and culture, and other related fields for four main markets: scholars and students in colleges, universities, seminaries, and divinity schools; preachers, educators, and counselors working in churches; members of mainline Protestant congregations; and general readers.
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WHBQ-TV
WHBQ-TV (channel 13) is a television station in Memphis, Tennessee, United States, affiliated with the Fox network and owned by Imagicomm Communications.
Whore of Babylon
Babylon the Great, commonly known as the Whore of Babylon, refers to both a symbolic female figure and a place of evil as mentioned in the Book of Revelation of the New Testament.
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Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.
William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company is a religious publishing house based in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
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William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare (23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor.
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William Tyndale
William Tyndale (sometimes spelled Tynsdale, Tindall, Tindill, Tyndall; – October 1536) was an English biblical scholar and linguist who became a leading figure in the Protestant Reformation in the years leading up to his execution.
Wipf and Stock
Wipf and Stock is a publisher in Eugene, Oregon, publishing works in theology, biblical studies, history and philosophy.
Wycliffe Global Alliance
Wycliffe Global Alliance is an alliance of organizations that have objective of translating the Bible into every language.
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Wycliffe's Bible
Wycliffe's Bible or Wycliffite Bibles or Wycliffian Bibles (WYC) are names given for a sequence of Middle English Bible translations believed to have been made under the direction or instigation of English theologian John Wycliffe of the University of Oxford.
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Yahweh
Yahweh was an ancient Levantine deity, and the national god of the Israelite kingdoms of Israel and Judah, later the god of Judaism and its other descendant Abrahamic religions. Bible and Yahweh are Judeo-Christian topics.
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Yale University Press
Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University.
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Yeshiva
A yeshiva or jeshibah (ישיבה||sitting; pl. ישיבות, or) is a traditional Jewish educational institution focused on the study of Rabbinic literature, primarily the Talmud and halacha (Jewish law), while Torah and Jewish philosophy are studied in parallel.
Zondervan
Zondervan is an international Christian media and publishing company located in Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States.
1 Esdras
1 Esdras (Ἔσδρας Αʹ), also Esdras A, Greek Esdras, Greek Ezra, or 3 Esdras, is the ancient Greek Septuagint version of the biblical Book of Ezra in use within the early church, and among many modern Christians with varying degrees of canonicity.
1 Maccabees
1 Maccabees,translit also known as the First Book of Maccabees, First Maccabees, and abbreviated as 1 Macc., is a deuterocanonical book which details the history of the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire as well as the founding and earliest history of the independent Hasmonean kingdom.
2 Baruch
2 Baruch is a Jewish apocryphal text thought to have been written in the late 1st century CE or early 2nd century CE, after the destruction of the Temple in CE 70.
2 Enoch
The Second Book of Enoch (abbreviated as 2 Enoch and also known as Slavonic Enoch, Slavic Enoch, or the Secrets of Enoch) is a pseudepigraphic text in the apocalyptic genre.
2 Esdras
2 Esdras is an apocalyptic book in some English versions of the Bible.
2 Maccabees
2 Maccabees,translit also known as the Second Book of Maccabees, Second Maccabees, and abbreviated as 2 Macc., is a deuterocanonical book which recounts the persecution of Jews under King Antiochus IV Epiphanes and the Maccabean Revolt against him.
3 Baruch
3 Baruch or the Greek Apocalypse of Baruch is a visionary, pseudepigraphic text written some time between the fall of Jerusalem to the Roman Empire in 70 AD and the third century AD.
3 Enoch
The Third Book of Enoch (ספר חנוך לר׳ ישמעאל כ׳׳ג), also known as The Book of the Palaces, The Book of Rabbi Ishmael the High Priest and The Elevation of Metatron, and abbreviated as 3 Enoch) is a Jewish apocryphal book.
3 Maccabees
3 Maccabees, also called the Third Book of Maccabees, is a book written in Koine Greek, likely in the 1st century BC in either the late Ptolemaic period of Egypt or in early Roman Egypt.
4 Maccabees
4 Maccabees,translit also called the Fourth Book of Maccabees and possibly originally known as On the Sovereignty of Reason,translit is a book written in Koine Greek, likely in the 1st or early 2nd century.
613 commandments
According to Jewish tradition, the Torah contains 613 commandments (mitsvót).
See Bible and 613 commandments
See also
Judeo-Christian topics
- Bible
- Christian Hebraist
- Christian Hebraists
- Fall of man
- God: A Biography
- Hebrew Bible
- Idolatry
- Image of God
- Judeo-Christian
- Judeo-Christian ethics
- Kingship and kingdom of God
- Kosher Jesus
- Messiah
- Meta-historical fall
- Paterology
- Quartodecimanism
- Remnant (Bible)
- Serpents in the Bible
- Seven Laws of Noah
- Son of man
- Star Prophecy
- Ten Commandments
- Three Eras
- Yahweh
- Yahwism
References
Also known as Bibical, Bible Stories, Bible Tales, Bible museums, Bible story, Bible, The, Bibles, Biblia Sacra, Biblical, Biblical stories, Biblically, Biblist, Christian Bible, History of Bible, Holy Bible, Holy Bible, The, Holy Scripture, Judaeo-Christian Bible, Judeo-Christian bible, Old Bible, Origin of bible, Sacred Scripture, The Bible, The Bilbe, The Holy Bible, TheBible.
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Carr, Davidic line, Dead Sea Scrolls, Democracy, Deuterocanonical books, Development of the Hebrew Bible canon, Development of the New Testament canon, Deviance (sociology), Didache, Divine Comedy, Docetism, Douay–Rheims Bible, Early Christianity, East–West Schism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Ecclesiastes, Ecumenical council, Emanuel Tov, English Standard Version, Enoch, Epistle, Epistle of James, Epistle of Jude, Epistle to Philemon, Epistle to the Colossians, Epistle to the Ephesians, Epistle to the Galatians, Epistle to the Hebrews, Epistle to the Philippians, Epistle to the Romans, Epistle to Titus, Epistles of Clement, Equinox Publishing (Sheffield), Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church, Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, Ethnos360, Eureka Springs, Arkansas, Ezra–Nehemiah, F. F. Bruce, Family Bible (book), First Epistle of John, First Epistle of Peter, First Epistle to the Corinthians, First Epistle to the Thessalonians, First Epistle to Timothy, Freedom of religion, Geʽez, Genesis creation narrative, Geneva Bible, Genocide, Genre, Georgian Orthodox Church, God in Christianity, God in Islam, Gospel, Gospel of Barnabas, Gospel of John, Gospel of Luke, Gospel of Mark, Gospel of Matthew, Greece, Greek Orthodox Church, Gush Emunim, Gutenberg Bible, Hadith, Halakha, Harklean version, HarperCollins, Headline, Health system, Hebrew abbreviations, Hebrew Bible, Hebrew Bible judges, Hebrew cantillation, Hebrew language, Hellenistic Judaism, Hellenistic period, Heresy in Christianity, Hermeneutics, Hexapla, High church, History of ancient Israel and Judah, Holy Spirit, Holy Spirit in Christianity, Holy Spirit in Judaism, Homer, Houston, Houston Christian University, Houston Chronicle, Human history, Human rights, Illuminated manuscript, Incipit, Initial, International Bible Contest, Iron Age, Isaac, Islam, Islamic view of the Bible, Israel (name), Israelites, J. 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Grabbe, Letter of Aristeas, Letter of Jeremiah, Liberation theology, Life of Adam and Eve, Lincoln Bible, Lingua franca, List of major biblical figures, List of nations mentioned in the Bible, List of New Testament verses not included in modern English translations, Lutheranism, Madrasa, Marcion of Sinope, Marginalia, Martin Luther, Mary, mother of Jesus, Masoretes, Masoretic Text, McGraw Hill Education, Medieval Greek, Medieval Latin, Mediterranean Sea, Meqabyan, Methodism, Michael V. Fox, Michael Walzer, Michal, Miniature (illuminated manuscript), Monastery, Monk, Monroe, Louisiana, Moravian Church, Mosaic authorship, Moses, Mount Sinai (Bible), Movable type, Muhammad, Museum of the Bible, N. T. 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Porter, Sukkot, Summa Theologica, Supersessionism, Susanna (Book of Daniel), Synod, Synod of Hippo, Synoptic Gospels, Syriac Christianity, Syriac language, Syriac Orthodox Church, Syriac versions of the Bible, Tahrif, Talmud, Targum, Targum Onkelos, Tel Dan stele, Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, Texas, Textual variants in the New Testament, The Exodus, The Herald and Weekly Times, The Last Supper (Leonardo), Theodicy and the Bible, Theodor Zahn, Theodotion, Third Epistle of John, Third Epistle to the Corinthians, Thomas of Harqel, Thucydides, Tisha B'Av, Toledo School of Translators, Torah, Total war, Translation, Twelve Minor Prophets, Tyndale Bible, Typology (theology), Unification Church, Unitarian Universalism, University of Glasgow, Ur of the Chaldees, Vetus Latina, Victorian era, Vienna, Vienna Coronation Gospels, Violence, Vulgar Latin, Vulgate, Wars of Alexander the Great, Washington, D.C., Western culture, Western law, Western literature, Western text-type, Western world, Westminster John Knox Press, WHBQ-TV, Whore of Babylon, Wiley-Blackwell, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, William Shakespeare, William Tyndale, Wipf and Stock, Wycliffe Global Alliance, Wycliffe's Bible, Yahweh, Yale University Press, Yeshiva, Zondervan, 1 Esdras, 1 Maccabees, 2 Baruch, 2 Enoch, 2 Esdras, 2 Maccabees, 3 Baruch, 3 Enoch, 3 Maccabees, 4 Maccabees, 613 commandments.